Halobates hayanus White, 1883

Kment, Petr & Carapezza, Attilio, 2022, Heteroptera (Hemiptera) of the Socotra Archipelago I: Introduction, Nepomorpha, Gerromorpha and Leptopodomorpha, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 62 (2), pp. 475-519 : 498

Halobates hayanus White, 1883

( Fig. 44 )

Halobates hayanus White, 1883: 52–54 , Pl.I: fig. 8 (original descriptions, figures). Holotype: ♂, Yemen: Red Sea near Aden (BMNH).

Halobates frauenfeldanus White, 1883: 57–58 , Pl. II: fig. 3 (original description, figures). Syntype (s): ♂ ♀, India: Indian Ocean near Nicobar Islands (NHMW). Synonymized by HERRING (1961: 284).

Halobates incanus Witlaczil, 1886: 179–181 , fig. 2 (original description, figure). Syntypes: ♂♂ ♀♀ larvae (about 30 spec.), Yemen:Arabian Sea NE and SE of Socotra (?NHMW). Synonymized by DAHL (1893: 7).

Halobates australiensis Malipatil, 1988: 157–158 , figs 1–5 (original description, figures). Holotype: ♂, Australia: Northern Territory, Wessel Islands, Marchinbar Island,bay south of Sphink Head (11°12′S 136°41′E) (NTMD). Synonymized by ANDERSEN (1991: 45), confirmed by ANDERSEN & WEIR (1994: 894–895); synonymy with H. calyptus Herring, 1961 by J. T.POLHEMUS & D.A. POLHEMUS (1991a: 7) is erroneous (see ANDERSEN & WEIR 1994: 895).

Published records. Arabian Sea, collected on two localities, NE and SE of Socotra ( WITLACZIL 1886, as H. incanus ).

Identification. HERRING (1961) (key, redescription, figures), SCHMIDT & MȖLLER (1973) (redescription, figures), ANDERSEN & FOSTER (1992) (key), ANDERSEN & WEIR (1994) (key, redescription, figures), CHENG et al. (2001) (key, figures), ANDERSEN & WEIR (2004a) (key, figures), ZETTEL (2005) (key, figures).

Habitat. It was collected in the mangrove zone in the Red Sea in Mersa Halaib, Sudan (depth of the water about 1 m); a number of specimens were observed early in the morning, adults on the sea side, larvae on the shore side of the zone ( LINNAVUORI 1971). At Al Luhayah, Yemen, one specimen was collected together with several specimens of H. melleus Linnavuori, 1971 in mangrove ( Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. ) zone ( LINNAVUORI & VAN HARTEN 1997 ). At Sharm Ubhar, Saudi Arabia, the larvae of the species were abundant in small patches in the shelter of a lone rock close to the shore ( BROWN 1951). In Singapore, numerous first instar larvae were collected from a tidal pool, together with a pair of mating adults ( CHENG & FERNANDO 1969).

Distribution. According to CHENG (1989) H. hayanus is a coastal, inshore species widely distributed along coastal areas or among island groups, ranging from the Red Sea, across the Arabian Sea, South China Sea, Indian Ocean to the West Pacific Ocean. Afrotropical Region: Egypt / Sudan: Mersa Halaib [disputed area] ( BERGEVIN 1930, PRIESNER & ALFIERI 1953, LINNAVUORI 1971), Eritrea ( SCHMIDT & MȖLLER 1973), Djibouti ( POISSON 1965b, no exact record). Palaearctic Region: Near East: Egypt: Sinai ( LINNAVUORI 1973b, SALEH AHMED & GADALLA 2005b, ROMÁN- PALACIOS et al. 2020), Saudi Arabia ( BROWN 1951, as H. (?) hayanus based on larvae only; M. J. J. Chang, this paper: Fig. 44 ), Socotra ( WITLACZIL 1886, as H. incanus ); Yemen ( WHITE 1883, LINNAVUORI & VAN HARTEN 1997 ). East Palaearctic: China (ROMÁN- PALACIOS et al. 2020, no exact record). Oriental Region: East Timor (J. T. POLHEMUS & D. A. POLHEMUS 2006), India: Andaman and Nicobar Islands ( WHITE 1883, WITLACZIL 1886, both as H. frauenfeldanus ; THIRUMALAI 2002), Indonesia ( HERRING 1961, TRAN & YANG 2004, ROMÁN- PALACIOS et al. 2020), Malaysia ( HERRING 1961, CHENG & FERNANDO 1969, FERNANDO & CHENG 1974, ZETTEL & TRAN 2009), Philippines ( ZETTEL 2014, BENDANILLO et al. 2016, ROMÁN- PALACIOS et al. 2020), Singapore ( ESAKI 1926, CHENG & FERNANDO 1969, FERNANDO & CHENG 1974), Sri Lanka ( WITLACZIL 1886, as H. frauenfeldanus ), Thailand ( SITES & VITHEEPRADIT 2010, ROMÁN- PALACIOS et al. 2020, both with no exact record), Vietnam ( ZETTEL & CHEN 1996). Australian Region: Australia: Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia ( HERRING 1961; LINNAVUORI 1971; NICHOLS & JOHNS 1973; MALIPATIL 1988, as H. australiensis ; CASSIS & GROSS 1995; ANDERSEN & WEIR 1994, 2004a; ROMÁN- PALACIOS et al. 2020), Papua New Guinea ( ESAKI 1926, HERRING 1961, DAMGAARD et al. 2000, ROMÁN- PALACIOS et al. 2020).

Figures

Figs 43–44. 43 – Halobates germanus White, 1883, ♂, Indian Ocean near Madagascar; 44 – Halobates hayanus White, 1883, Saudia Arabia: Thuwal, mangroves of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. Scale bars: 1 mm. (Orig. Marc Jia Jin Chang).