Carvalhoma Slater & Gross, 1977

Namyatova, Anna A. & Cassis, Gerasimos, 2016, Revision of the staphylinoid and ground-dwelling genus Carvalhoma Slater & Gross (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) of Australia, European Journal of Taxonomy 253, pp. 1-27 : 3-6

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5852/ejt.2016.253
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D7072C87-B839-4B55-A0A9-4785E04ACAA3
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3854760
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/000087F6-E327-FF95-FD8C-FB7FFAE4FA7B
treatment provided by	Valdenar
scientific name	Carvalhoma Slater & Gross, 1977
status

Treatment

Carvalhoma Slater & Gross, 1977 View in CoL

Carvalhoma Slater & Gross, 1977: 135 View in CoL (type species Carvalhoma malcolmae Slater & Gross, 1977 View in CoL , by original designation).

Carvalhoma View in CoL – Schuh & Schwartz 1984: 48 (transferred to Cylapinae : Fulviini ). — Schuh 1995: 20 (catalogue). — Cassis & Gross 1995: 145 (catalogue, transferred to Cylapinae : Cylapini ).

Diagnosis

Distinguished by staphylinoid hemelytron, reaching abdominal segments V–VI, veins obsolete, with distinct punctation or rugopunctate; hypognathous head with shallow midline depression, eyes embedded into head, not pedunculate ( Figs 1 View Fig , 2B View Fig , 3B View Fig , 4B View Fig , 5B View Fig , 6B View Fig ); pronotum ca 1.1–1.6× as wide as long as in males and ca 1.1–1.5× in females; metathoracic scent gland evaporative area elongate ( Figs 2K View Fig , 3G View Fig , 4D View Fig , 5G View Fig , 6G View Fig ); right paramere straight, left paramere longer than right one, c-shaped ( Figs 7 View Fig D–E, 8D–E, 9D– E, 10D–E); aedeagus longer than left paramere, theca often sclerotised at least apically; ductus seminis short, sclerotised around secondary gonopore; endosoma voluminous, not subdivided into conjunctiva and vesica, bearing sclerotisation ( Figs 7 View Fig A–B, 8A–B, 9A–B, 10A–B); sclerotised rings of dorsal labiate plate large and curved ( Figs 7F View Fig , 9F View Fig , 10F View Fig ).

Description

Male

COLOURATION. Body often mostly dark brown to black, rarely mostly pale brown ( Fig. 1 View Fig ).

clypeus; AntSeg = the antennal segment; InterOcDi = the vertex width.

SURFACE AND VESTITURE. Dorsum often more or less shiny, rarely entirely shagreened; head smooth or shagreened ( Fig. 1 View Fig ), gula with finely rugulose area clothed with short setae ( Figs 2C View Fig , 4C View Fig , 5A View Fig , 6B View Fig ); pronotum dorsally shiny, with shagreened collar or entirely shagreened ( Fig. 1 View Fig ), with round or longitudinal depression on midline, rugulose or smooth laterally ( Figs 2C View Fig , 3A View Fig , 4C View Fig , 5A View Fig , 6B View Fig ); hemelytron often shiny, with distinct punctation, scarcely and shallowly punctate ( Figs 1 View Fig , 4E View Fig , 5G View Fig , 6F View Fig ). Dorsum often clothed with long erect setae ( Figs 2C View Fig , 4 View Fig B–C, 5A), denser on hemelytron and abdomen than on head and pronotum, rarely dorsum almost without setae ( Figs 3 View Fig A–B, 6B–C); pronotum with or without short dense setae laterally ( Figs 2C View Fig , 3A View Fig , 4C View Fig , 5A View Fig , 6B View Fig ); entire pleura or at least metepisternum anteriorly clothed with short setae ( Figs 2K View Fig , 3G View Fig , 4D View Fig , 5G View Fig ); abdomen and legs with short and long setae; antenna with adpressed setae, shorter than width of antennal segment II.

HEAD ( Figs 2 View Fig A–C, 3A–C, 4A–C, 5A–C, 6A–C). Hypognathous; distinctly wider than long in dorsal view, somewhat wider than high in anterior view, higher than long in lateral view; posterior margin straight and carinate posteriorly in dorsal view; vertex with shallow longitudinal depression; eye contiguous with pronotum, its diameter shorter or subequal to vertex width in dorsal view, eye removed from ventral side of head at distance subequal to eye height in lateral view; inferior margin of antennal fossa placed below inferior margin of eye in anterior view, antennal fossa removed from eye at distance subequal to antennal segment I width or slightly more and placed slightly above mandibular plate in lateral view; clypeus separated from frons by depression, its base placed below inferior margin of antennal fossa; mandibular and maxillary plates separated from remainder of head by weak suture posteriorly; buccula not reaching posterior margin of head, gula subequal in length to buccula.

ANTENNA ( Figs 1 View Fig , 2F View Fig , 3I View Fig , 4K View Fig , 5H View Fig , 6D View Fig ). Shorter than body ( Fig. 1 View Fig ); segment I almost straight, slightly widened medially, wider than other segments; segment II cylindrical, not incrassate; segments III and IV filiform; segment IV longer than others.

LABIUM ( Figs 2H View Fig , 4H View Fig , 5D View Fig , 6E View Fig ). Reaching abdominal segment II or III, four-segmented, its segments not subdivided.

THORAX ( Figs 2 View Fig B–C, 3A–B, 4B–C, 5A–B, 6B–C). Pronotum wider than long, often distinctly raised, sometimes flat in lateral view; collar delimited by shallow depression, pronotum not constricted medially; calli indistinct; lateral margins of pronotum rounded, not carinate; posterior margin rounded; scutellum small, acute apically; mesepimeral apodeme indistinct; mesepimeral spiracle elongate, slitlike, distinctly visible, without evaporative bodies; metepisternum with shallow ridge running from spiracle to evaporative area; metathoracic gland evaporative area oval, directed posteriorly, peritreme upraised, setose; metepimeron covered by abdomen.

HEMELYTRON ( Figs 4F View Fig , 6F View Fig ). Staphylinoid, shortened, without venation, apex truncate; clavus, cuneus and embolium not differentiated; costal margins parallel-sided, apical margin weakly upturned, reaching abdominal segment V–VI.

LEGS ( Figs 2D, G View Fig , 3D View Fig , 4G, M View Fig , 5F View Fig , 6H, K View Fig ). Forefemur widened, wider than middle and hind femora, hind femur somewhat wider than middle femur; segment I of hind tarsus distinctly longer than segments II and III each; clavus narrow, with apical tooth, unguitractor with three rows of lamellae, placed close to each other and with the medial row of lamellae being characteristically acute; parempodia setiform, outer parempodium reduced (asymmetry described in dorsal view, pretarsus directed anteriorly).

ABDOMEN ( Figs 2J View Fig , 3F View Fig , 4J View Fig , 5I View Fig , 6G View Fig ). Genital segment not rotated.

GENITALIA. Genital capsule ( Figs 7C View Fig , 8C View Fig , 9C View Fig , 10C View Fig ) trapeziform, almost symmetrical, without supragenital bridge. Right paramere small, C-shaped, its outer margin straight or concave ( Figs 7D View Fig , 8D View Fig , 9D View Fig , 10D View Fig ); left paramere somewhat longer than right one, C-shaped, with swelling in basal half ( Figs 7E View Fig , 8E View Fig , 9E View Fig , 10E View Fig ). Aedeagus ( Figs 7 View Fig A–B, 8A–B, 9A–B, 10A–B). Theca slightly curved apically, either mostly membranous, sclerotised apically or mostly sclerotised; ductus seminis short, its apical part, surrounding secondary gonopore, sclerotised; endosoma membranous with sclerotised areas.

Female

Similar to male, but longer and broader, sometimes also somewhat darker than male ( Fig. 1 View Fig ), legs shorter than in male; hemelytra often gradually incrassate posteriorly ( Figs 2E View Fig , 3E View Fig , 4F View Fig , 5G View Fig , 6I View Fig ).

GENITALIA. Dorsal labiate plate ( Figs 7F View Fig , 9F View Fig , 10F View Fig ) with large sclerotised rings, curved dorsoventrally, sometimes elongate posteriorly, outer margin of dorsal labiate plate sometimes with additional elongate

sclerite. Posterior wall (7G, 9G, 10G) membranous, with or without small tubercles. Vulva membranous, not surrounded by sclerites.

Distribution

Known from South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Australian Capital Territory and Western Australia ( Fig. 11 View Fig ).

Key to species View in CoL

1. Hemelytron shiny with distinct punctures ( Figs 1 View Fig , 2E View Fig , 4 View Fig E–F, 5G, 6F, I) ……………………………2 – Hemelytron matte and shagreened, with shallow punctures ( Figs 1 View Fig , 3E View Fig ) …… C. ovatum sp. nov.

2. Head and pronotum shagreened ( Figs 1 View Fig , 5J View Fig ), females ovate, ca 3.6–3.8× longer than pronotum width ( Fig. 1 View Fig ) ………………………………………………………… C. taplini Slater & Gross, 1977 View in CoL

– Head and pronotum shiny ( Fig. 1 View Fig ), females elongate, ca 4.1–5.2× longer than pronotum width ( Fig. 1 View Fig ) ……………………………………………………………………………………………3

3. Smaller, body length 1.5–1.6 in male and 1.9–2.2 in female ( Fig. 1 View Fig ); lateral margin of pronotum distinctly rugulose and densely setose ( Fig. 4C View Fig ); thoracic pleura distinctly setose ( Fig. 4D View Fig ); antennal segment I short, ca 1.4–1.8× as long as vertex width in male and ca 1.3–1.4× in female ………………………………………………………………………………… C. parvum sp. nov.

– Larger, body length 2.2–2.3 in male and 2.3–2.8 in female ( Fig. 1 View Fig ); lateral margins of pronotum smooth, without rugosity and almost without setae; thoracic pleura mostly smooth, with short setae only on metepisternum ( Fig. 2K View Fig ), antennal segment I relatively long, ca 1.9– 2.1× as long as vertex width in male and ca 1.8–2.2× in female …………………………4

4. Male dorsum and antennal segment I dark brown to black ( Fig. 1 View Fig ); frons protruding anteriad at distance more than half of eye diameter in dorsal view, ca 2.1× as wide as long in male and ca 1.7–2.2× in female ( Figs 1 View Fig , 2B View Fig ); upper part of sclerotised rings of dorsal labiate plate twice as long as wide ( Fig. 7F View Fig ) ……………………………………… C. malcolmae Slater & Gross, 1977 View in CoL

– Male dorsum pale brown, antennal segment I whitish yellow to pale brown ( Fig. 1 View Fig ); frons protruding at distance less than half of eye diameter in dorsal view, ca 2.7–2.9× as wide as long in male and ca 2.3× in female ( Fig. 6C View Fig ); upper part of sclerotised rings of dorsal labiate plate ca 4× as long as wide ( Fig. 10F View Fig ) ………………………………………………… C. weiri sp. nov.