identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C6D170FFC03B6A2AE25E12ADA70A33.text	03C6D170FFC03B6A2AE25E12ADA70A33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Crinitocinus alcocki (Borradaile 1902)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Crinitocinus alcocki (Borradaile, 1902) [NJn: Tsubu-kebukagani] </p>
            <p>(Fig. 4F)</p>
            <p> Pilumnus alcocki Borradaile, 1902, p. 248 , fig. 48. — Rathbun, 1911, p. 230. — Ng et al., 2008, p. 141 (in list). </p>
            <p> Crinitocinus alcocki : Ng &amp; Rahayu, 2014, p. 16, figs. 9–11, 12A–C, 40E–H. — Naruse &amp; Maenosono, 2019, p. 170 (in comparative material), fig, 8B. — Ng &amp; Lin, 2023, p. 111, figs. 1E–F, H, 8. </p>
            <p> Material examined. ɹ   Chichi-jima Is. —  Off Futami Bay , Chichi-jima I., from stomach contents of sidespot goatfish [Jn: Ryukyu-himeji],  Parupeneus pleurostigma (Bennett) , 1 juv. (cb 4.7×cl 3.8 mm), NSMT-Cr 32389, date unrecorded, collected by Y. Kurata. </p>
            <p> Remarks. The specimen obtained from fish stomach contents is juvenile and at poor condition, without both chelipeds and some ambulatory legs. However, the carapace shape and dorsal areolation are distinctly kept and show the specific character of  Pilumnus alcocki , which was deeply studied and designated as the type species of the monotypic new genus  Crinitocinus by Ng and Rahayu (2014). In the specimen examined, the hairs of the carapace, chelipeds and ambulatory legs are mostly fell out together with mucus in fish stomach, but the long and oblique orbit that is as long as the whole length of the frontal margin, the anteriorly elongated mesogastric and protogastric regions, and the three lobiform teeth of the carapace anterolateral margin are clearly observable (Fig. 4F). Ng and Rahayu (2014) gave the fine photographs of the type and some additional specimens to redeem the inaccurate original figure about the carapace proportion. The present specimen agrees well especially with a photograph of a male (4.5× 4.3 mm) from Amirante (Ng and Rahayu, 2014, fig. 10A). </p>
            <p> Distribution. Amirante Islands, Seychelles, 52–70 m; Suvadiva Atoll, Maldives, 36 m; Papua New Guinea, 20 m; Off Oahu, Hawaii, from stomach of goatfish,  Parupeneus multifasciatus (Quoy &amp; Gaimard) ; Taiwan. New to Japanese waters. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6D170FFC03B6A2AE25E12ADA70A33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	deVries, Maaike;McGillis Hall, Linda;Dainty, Katie;Fan, Mark;Tscheng, Dorothy;Hamilton, Michael;Trbovich, Patricia	deVries, Maaike, McGillis Hall, Linda, Dainty, Katie, Fan, Mark, Tscheng, Dorothy, Hamilton, Michael, Trbovich, Patricia (2024): Ten Species of Crabs of the Families Acidopsidae, Aphanodactylidae and Pilumnidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 50 (4): 155-169, DOI: 10.50826/bnmnszool.50.4_155, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.001
03C6D170FFC03B6929555E14AB020DE3.text	03C6D170FFC03B6929555E14AB020DE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Raoulia fortis Ng and Rahayu 2014	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Raoulia fortis Ng and Rahayu, 2014 [NJn: Raouru-gani] </p>
            <p>(Fig. 1A–D)</p>
            <p> Typhlocarinodes piroculatus Rathbun : Balss, 1938, p. 73. — Miyake, 1939, p. 220 (in list). </p>
            <p> Raoulia fortis Ng &amp; Rahayu, 2014, p. 31 , figs. 1G–H, 5F, 6C, 20–21, 41A. </p>
            <p>Material examined. ɹ Chichi-jima Is. —Tsuri-hama, Chichi-jima I., 1 ˁ (cb 10.2×cl 8.2 mm), NSMT-Cr 32390, 11-VII-2009, coll. by H. Saito.</p>
            <p>Haha-jima Is. —Wakihama (26°38′10′′N, 142°09′29′′E), Haha-jima I., 1 ˂ (cb 7.4×cl 5.5 mm), NSMT-Cr 32391, 7-VII-2015, coll. by H. Komatsu.</p>
            <p> Remarks. ɹ Ng and Rahayu (2014) revised the family  Acidopsidae and recognized two subfamilies,  Acidopsinae with three genera and  Raouliinae with four genera, preparing the keys to all the genera and species. The present specimens are referred to the  Raouliinae , in which the male genital opening is coxo-sternal, the basal antennal article is short and distinctly wider than long, and the female vulvae are arranged submedially on the sixth thoracic sternite. The subfamily  Raouliinae contains four genera,  Raoulia Ng, 1987 ,  Typhlocarcinodes Alcock, 1900 ,  Caecopilumnus Borradaile, 1902 , and Thecoplax Ng and Rahayu, 2014, all from the Indo-West Pacific. </p>
            <p> The present specimens (Fig. 1A–D) are referred to  Raoulia of the four genera, and  R. fortis of five species —  R. piroculata (Rathbun, 1911) ,  R. limosa Ng, 1987 ,  R. galea Ng and Rahayu, 2014 ,  R. fortis Ng and Rahayu, 2014 , and  R. calva Ng and Rahayu, 2014 . All of these species were elaborately described and distinguished by Ng and Rahayu (2014), with many photographs and line drawings. The most characteristic for this species is the third maxilliped merus having the rounded anterolateral margin and the hemispherically bulged surface (Fig. 1B). The palm outer surface is smooth, with a longitudinal submarginal groove along distal half of the lower part extending on to two-thirds of the immovable finger (Fig. 1D). The G1 is, as illustrated and explained in the original description, only gently curving with small spinules on the subdistal part. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Aranuka, Gilbert Islands (= Kiribati); East of Aoré I., Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu, 12 m. New to Japanese waters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6D170FFC03B6929555E14AB020DE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	deVries, Maaike;McGillis Hall, Linda;Dainty, Katie;Fan, Mark;Tscheng, Dorothy;Hamilton, Michael;Trbovich, Patricia	deVries, Maaike, McGillis Hall, Linda, Dainty, Katie, Fan, Mark, Tscheng, Dorothy, Hamilton, Michael, Trbovich, Patricia (2024): Ten Species of Crabs of the Families Acidopsidae, Aphanodactylidae and Pilumnidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 50 (4): 155-169, DOI: 10.50826/bnmnszool.50.4_155, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.001
03C6D170FFC33B6E28985A8BA9DC0A75.text	03C6D170FFC33B6E28985A8BA9DC0A75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Takedactylus Naruse and Maenosono 2012	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Takedactylus Naruse and Maenosono, 2012</p>
            <p> Takedactylus masatsunei Naruse and Maenosono, 2012 [Jn: Takeda-koyubi-pinno] </p>
            <p>(Fig. 2)</p>
            <p> Takedactylus masatsunei Naruse &amp; Maenosono, 2012, p. 227 , figs. 1–2. </p>
            <p>Material examined. ɹ Chichi-jima Is. —Ototo-jima I., 1 juv. (cb 3.3×cl 2.2 mm), NSMT-Cr 32392, 10-VII-1969, coll. by M. Imajima.</p>
            <p>Remarks. ɹ This small species has hitherto been known only by the holotype female (cb 2.9 by cl 1.8 mm) from Sesoko Island adjacent to Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands. The present juvenile (Fig. 2) from Ototo-jima Island is almost same size with the holotype, agreeing very well with the description, photographs and line drawings of the holotype.</p>
            <p>The carapace (Fig. 2A) is laterally rectangular in outline, fairly strongly convex longitudinally and flattened laterally, with the smooth and illdefined dorsal surface; the posterior part of the dorsal surface is strongly deflexed towards the posterior carapace margin; the frontal region (Fig. 2B) is about one third as wide as the carapace, gently sloping anteriorly, with the obtusely angulated median part. Eyestalk is short and stout, with prominently large cornea, being partly protruded from the orbit. The carapace lateral margins of both sides (Fig. 2A) are longitudinal and parallel to each other. Each epibranchial angle is obtusely angulated, directed towards the subhepatic region, and reaching the level of the supraorbital margin. In the specimen examined, the right cheliped is lost; the left cheliped is smooth and strong, with the inflated palm; the merus is widened distally, with three obtuse edges; the carpus is small, and its inner angle is obtuse; the palm is quite smooth, and the outer surface and upper margin is regularly convex; both fingers are curved, and the movable finger is shorter than the immovable finger. The first three pairs of the ambulatory legs are long, robust and similar in general shape; the second pair is the longest, and the first and third pairs are similar in length and shape; three edges of each merus are sharp, with the surface between the lower edges is flattened; the anterior margins of the carpi and propodi are heavily furnished with soft hairs; the posterior margin of each carpus of the second pair is lobate distally, with a longitudinal narrow ridge on the upper surface; each dactylus is short and rapidly narrowed at the junction with the claw-like dactylus. The last leg is markedly small and shorter than the merus of the third pair. The pleon (Fig. 2C) is narrow and seven-segmented. The Japanese name, Takeda-koyubi-pinno, was proposed by Naruse (2017).</p>
            <p> Another species of  Takedactylus ,  T. compressus Naruse and Yoshida, 2018 , obtained from tube of annelid worm,  Loimia sp. , at Nakoudojima Island and Muko-jima Island, Ogasawara Islands, is, without doubt, close to  T. masatsunei , but has the much wider carapace. </p>
            <p>Distribution. ɹ This species has hitherto been known only by the female holotype from Sesoko Island, west of Okinawa Main Island, Ryukyu Islands.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6D170FFC33B6E28985A8BA9DC0A75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	deVries, Maaike;McGillis Hall, Linda;Dainty, Katie;Fan, Mark;Tscheng, Dorothy;Hamilton, Michael;Trbovich, Patricia	deVries, Maaike, McGillis Hall, Linda, Dainty, Katie, Fan, Mark, Tscheng, Dorothy, Hamilton, Michael, Trbovich, Patricia (2024): Ten Species of Crabs of the Families Acidopsidae, Aphanodactylidae and Pilumnidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 50 (4): 155-169, DOI: 10.50826/bnmnszool.50.4_155, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.001
03C6D170FFC43B6D2A805E94A9FE0DC7.text	03C6D170FFC43B6D2A805E94A9FE0DC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Actumnus simplex Rathbun 1911	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Actumnus simplex Rathbun, 1911 [Jn: Shin-ibotegani] </p>
            <p>(Fig. 3A–B)</p>
            <p> Actumnus simplex Rathbun, 1911, p. 232 , pl. 16 figs. 10–11. — Naderloo &amp; Ng, 2011, p. 1595, figs. 1–3. — Naderloo, 2017, p. 300, fig. 26.7. </p>
            <p> Neoactumnus convexus Sakai, 1964, p. 105 fig. 4; 1965, pp. 153 (in English), 66 (in Japanese), fig. 18, pl. 76 fig. 1; 1976, p. 498 (English vol.), p. 307 (Japanese vol.), fig. 267, pl. 177 fig. 4. — Takeda &amp; Koyama, 1974, p. 114, pl. 11 fig. D. — Miyake, 1983, p 133, pl. 45 fig. 3. — Nagai, 1990, p. 115. — Nomura, 1991, p. 41. — Muraoka, 1998, p. 45. — Minemizu, 2000, p. 282, 1 unnumbered fig. — Kato &amp; Okuno, 2001, p. 131, 1 unnumbered fig. — Marumura &amp; Kosaka, 2003, p. 60. — Okuno, 2004, p. 1. — Lee et al., 2008, p. 291, fig. 1. (Syn. nov.) </p>
            <p> Neoactumnus unispina Garth &amp; Kim, 1983, p. 699 , fig. 8. (Syn. nov.) </p>
            <p> Material examined. ɹ Chichi-jima Is. —Off Futami Bay, Chichi-jima I., from stomach contents of sidespot goatfish [Jn: Ryukyu-himeji],  Parupeneus pleurostigma (Bennett) , 1 ˁ (cb 6.7×cl 5.4 mm), NSMT-Cr 32393, date unrecorded, coll. by Y. Kurata. </p>
            <p> Comparative specimen examined. ɹ   West of Kameki Reef , Sagami Bay, 40–42 m depth, 1 ˁ (holotype of  Neoactumnus convexus Sakai, 1964 ), NSMT-Cr R2406, 19-XII-1962, coll. by His Majesty the Showa Emperor of Japan  . </p>
            <p> Remarks. ɹ As shown in the photograph (Fig. 3A–B), the specimen found in fish stomach contents is in good condition to know the specific and generic characters. The taxonomic identities of  Actumnus simplex Rathbun, 1911 ,  Neoactumnus convexus Sakai, 1965 , and  N. unispina Garth and Kim, 1983 , are still unsolved. Naderloo and Ng (2011) discussed deeply on this problem on a reasonable base, but the systematic validity of the genus  Neoactumnus and the specific syn- onymity of three species in question were adjourned until future study probably due to modesty rather than hesitation. The smooth and regularly convex carapace with four-lobed anterolateral margins of both sides (Fig. 3) is quite similar in the three species. In the present specimen, the frontal margin is interrupted medially with a median small notch (Fig. 3B), agreeing well with the figure of the holotype of  A. simplex given by Naderloo and Ng (2011) and differing from the figure of the holotype of  N. convexus in which the frontal margin is entire without median notch. In  N. unispina , the frontal margin was described as being low-triangular in shape without a median emargination. The complete frontal margin without a median notch is considered to be the generic character of  Neoactumnus , together with the complete absence of a lateral lobule of the frontal margion. However, Naderloo and Ng (2011) showed that the presence or absence of a lateral lobule on the frontal margin is not to be reliable as the generic character. The number of the interruption on the supraorbital margin was not mentioned in the generic diagnosis, but described as one close to the external orbital tooth, but the notch is sometimes indistinct and almost discernible. It may be remarked that the type specimens of  N. convexus are small (cb 4.5 and 7.5 mm in the holotype and allotype, respectively). The presence of one spine at the carpus inner angle of the cheliped may be individually variable and not always reliable character to distinguish the species. </p>
            <p> The holotype of  Neoactumnus convexus Sakai, 1965 , is a subadult male and agrees well with the descriptions and figures of Sakai (1964, 1976). In the original description, the specimen was said that its taxonomic status is close to the genus  Actumnus Dana, 1851 in the general formation of the carapace, but considered to be generically distinct in having no median indentation of the frontal margin and the absence of notches on the supraorbital margin. The specimen is, without doubt, not fully matured, and these characters may be referrable to the immature state of the specimen. The original label is typed as  Actumnus convexus Sakai , type, but it is not sure whether this label was prepared under the guidance of the late Prof. T. Sakai. </p>
            <p> As a result of the examination of the type specimen and the reference to the literature concerned, the genus  Neoactumnus Sakai, 1964 , was considered to be synonymous with the genus  Actumnus Dana, 1852 , and  N. convexus Sakai, 1965 , and  N. unispina Garth and Kim, 1983 , were reduced to the synonyms of  Actumnus simplex Rathbun, 1911 . </p>
            <p> The crabs obtained from stomach of a same individual of sidespot goatfish were identified as  Neopalicus jukesii (White, 1847) (family  Palicidae ) and  Crinitocinus alcocki (Borradaile, 1902) (family  Acidopsidae ).  Neopalicus jukesii represented by 2 males (cb 7.6×cl 7.1 mm; cb 5.6×5.0 mm) and 1 female (cb 8.9×cl 7.3 mm) has already been known from the Ogasawara Islands by Castro (2000), Komatsu (2011), and Takeda and Tachikawa (2015). The juvenile specimen of  Crinitocinus alcocki is recorded in this paper as new to the Ogasawara Islands. </p>
            <p> Special ecology of this species has not been mentioned since the original descriptions of  Actumnus simplex in 1911,  Neoactumnus convexus in 1964, and  N. unispina in 1983, but Nomura (1991) first mentioned the symbioticliving with sea-anemone,  Nemanthus nitidus (Wassiliefe) , many individuals of which attach to the stems of gorgonaceans at the shallow-water rocky bottom. Then, in Japan, this species is attracted by the divers, and the fine photographs showing the ecology are published in the books for general use such as Minemizu (2000) and Kato &amp; Okuno (2001). </p>
            <p> Distribution. Amirante in the western Indian Ocean (as  Actumnus simplex ), Persian Gulf in the northern Indian Ocean (as  A. simplex ); Sulu Archipelago, Philippines (as  Neoactumnus unispina ); Jejudo I., Korea (as  N. convexus ); Japan from Okinawa-jima Island northwards to the Boso Peninsula and Hachijo-jima Island (as  N. convexus ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6D170FFC43B6D2A805E94A9FE0DC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	deVries, Maaike;McGillis Hall, Linda;Dainty, Katie;Fan, Mark;Tscheng, Dorothy;Hamilton, Michael;Trbovich, Patricia	deVries, Maaike, McGillis Hall, Linda, Dainty, Katie, Fan, Mark, Tscheng, Dorothy, Hamilton, Michael, Trbovich, Patricia (2024): Ten Species of Crabs of the Families Acidopsidae, Aphanodactylidae and Pilumnidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 50 (4): 155-169, DOI: 10.50826/bnmnszool.50.4_155, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.001
03C6D170FFC73B6D28AE5F8FAAD00D78.text	03C6D170FFC73B6D28AE5F8FAAD00D78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nanopilumnus heterodon (Sakai 1934)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nanopilumnus heterodon (Sakai, 1934) [Jn: Kawari-kebukagani] </p>
            <p>(Fig. 4D–E)</p>
            <p> Pilumnus heterodon Sakai, 1934, p. 307 , fig. 19; 1976, pp. 484 (in key), 488 (English vol.), p. 301 (Japanese vol.), fig. 262a, pl. 174 fig. 3. — Sankarankutty, 1962, p. 114, figs. 48–50. — Muraoka, 1998, p. 44. — Takeda &amp; Manuel, 2000, p. 159, fig. 4B. — Kato &amp; Okuno, 2001, p. 131, 1 unnumbered fig. </p>
            <p> Pilumnus barbatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 : Balss, 1938, p. 57. — Sakai, 1939, p. 538. — Takeda &amp; Miyake, 1968, p. 9, figs. 1d–f, 2. </p>
            <p> Nanopilumnus heterodon : Ng et al., 2008, p. 141 (in list). — Trivedi et al., 2018, p. 60 (in list). </p>
            <p>Material examined. ɹ Chichi-jima Is. —Omura Beach (27°05′35′′N, 142°11′38′′E), Chichi-jima I., 12 m, 1 ˁ (cb 7.9×cl 5.7 mm), NSMT-Cr 32394, 13-XI-2013, coll. by H. Komatsu.</p>
            <p> Remarks. ɹ This small species is characterized by the club-shaped hairs of filthy appearance covering the carapace, chelipeds and ambulatory legs; the hairs are variable in length, but basically separated into short and long types. As shown in Fig. 4D–E, of three anterolateral teeth of the carapace behind the external orbital tooth, the first two are prominent and elongate, each with a minute horny tip, protruding from the hairs; the first originates from behind the outer part of the supraorbital margin, directing anterolaterally; the second is similar to the first in size and shape, but directed more anteriorly and weakly curving forwards; the third is small, acute at tip, and disguised by the hairs. The differences of the carapace anterolateral armature of this species and the close relative,  N. barbatus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873) , were illustrated by Sakai (1976). </p>
            <p>Distribution. ɹ Known from Japan, the Philippines, Singapore and the Palau Islands in the West Pacific Ocean, and the Nicobar Islands in the eastern Indian Ocean.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6D170FFC73B6D28AE5F8FAAD00D78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	deVries, Maaike;McGillis Hall, Linda;Dainty, Katie;Fan, Mark;Tscheng, Dorothy;Hamilton, Michael;Trbovich, Patricia	deVries, Maaike, McGillis Hall, Linda, Dainty, Katie, Fan, Mark, Tscheng, Dorothy, Hamilton, Michael, Trbovich, Patricia (2024): Ten Species of Crabs of the Families Acidopsidae, Aphanodactylidae and Pilumnidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 50 (4): 155-169, DOI: 10.50826/bnmnszool.50.4_155, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.001
03C6D170FFC63B632A9B5969AA6C0C25.text	03C6D170FFC63B632A9B5969AA6C0C25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pilumnopeus pearsei (Rathbun 1932)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pilumnopeus pearsei (Rathbun, 1932)</p>
            <p>[Jn: Toranoogani]</p>
            <p>(Fig. 3C–D)</p>
            <p> Heteropanope pearsei Rathbun, 1932, p. 35 . — Sakai, 1936, p. 176, pl. 49 fig. 4. </p>
            <p> Pilumnopeus indica (De Man, 1887) : Balss, 1933, p. 33. — Sakai, 1939, p. 542, pl. 62 fig. 4; 1965, pp. 159 (in English), 69 (in Japanese), pl. 79 fig. 4; 1976, pp. 500 (English vol.), 308 (Japanese vol.), pl. 178 fig. 2. — Dai et al., 1986, p. 348, fig., 182 (1), pl. 50 fig. 4. — Dai &amp; Yang, 1991, p. 374, fig. 182 (1), pl. 50 fig. 4. — Muraoka, 1998, p. 45. </p>
            <p> Hetereopanope (Pilumnopeus) indica (De Man, 1887) : Kim, 1973, p. 400, fig. 158, pl. 84 fig. 120. </p>
            <p> Pilumnopeus indicus (De Man, 1887) : Miyake, 1983, p. 138, pl. 46 fig. 5. </p>
            <p> Benthopanope indica (De Man, 1887) : Ho et al., 2000, p. 116. ʕ Ng et al., 2001, p. 30. ʕ Ko &amp; Lee, 2012, p. 24, pl. 5. ʕ Ng et al., 2017, p. 62. </p>
            <p> Benthopanope pearsei (Rathbun, 1932) : Takeda et al., 2011, p. 67. </p>
            <p> Pilumnopeus pearsei (Rathbun, 1932) : Patel et al., 2024, pp. 386–393 (in discussion), figs. 6–7. </p>
            <p>Material examined. ɹ Chichi-jima Is. —Ototo-jima I., 1 ˁ (NSMT-Cr 32395; cb 4.1×cl 3.3 mm), 10-VII-1969, coll. by M. Imajima. — Futami Bay, Chichi-jima I., on buoy, 1 ovig. ˂ (cb 5.2×cl 3.7 mm), NSMT-Cr 32396, 1 ovig. ˂ (cb 3.6×cl 3.3 mm), 1 ˂ (cb 4.0×cl 3.0 mm), NSMT-Cr 32397, 8-VII-2009, coll. by H. Komatsu; Futami Bay, Chichi-jima I., on rope at fish- ing port, 1 ˂ (cb 4.0×cl 3.5 mm), NSMT-Cr 32398, 17-XI-2009, coll. by H. Komatsu; Omura Beach (27°05′35′′N, 142°11′38′′E), Chichi-jima I., 3 m, 1 ˁ (cb 2.7×cl 2.5 mm), NSMT-Cr 32399, 30-VI-2014, coll. by H. Komatsu.</p>
            <p> Comparative specimens examined.   Nishinosaki , Hatsuse, Kanagawa Pref., Sagami Bay, 1 ˁ, NSMT-Cr R2840, 21-VII-1963, coll. by His Majesty the Showa Emperor of Japan; Shibazaki, Hayama, Kanagawa Pref., 4 ˁˁ, 6 ˂˂, NSMT-Cr 5718, 15-V-1978, coll. by M. Takeda  . </p>
            <p>  Shiono-misaki , Kii Penin., Wakayama Pref., 4 ˁˁ, 4 ovig. ˂˂, 1 ˂, NSMT-Cr 5869, 20-VII-1978, coll. by M. Takeda  . </p>
            <p>Shimama, Tanega-shima I., south of Kyushu, 4 ˁˁ, 1 ovig. ˂, NSMT-Cr 5208, 9-VI-1975, coll. by M. Takeda; Sunosaki, Tanega-shima I., 1 ˁ, 4 ovig. ˂˂, 1 ˂, NSMT-Cr 5190, 14-VI-1975, coll. by M. Takeda.</p>
            <p> Remarks. ɹ In Japan, this species is rather commonly found among some kinds of seaweed at the rocky shore and long known as  Pilumnopeus indicus (De Man, 1887) since the suggestion by Balss (1933). When Davie (1989) established the genus  Benthopanope with the type species,  B. estuarius sp. nov. from sub-tidal middy bottoms along the southeast to northwest coasts of Australia,  P. indicus was considered to be congeneric with  B. estuarius and some additional species. Then, Ho et al. (2000), Ng et al. (2001) and Ng et al. (2017) listed  B. indica from Taiwan, but commented that  B. indica and  Heteropanope pearsei are specifically distinct from each other, and that  B. indica from Taiwan should be changed to  B. pearsei in due time. Ng et al. (2008) listed both species as valid, but Takeda et al. (2011) recorded this species from the southern Japan Sea as  B. pearsei . Sakai (1965) recorded the specimens from Sagami Bay as  Pilumnopeus indica after comparison with the type specimens of  Heteropanope pearsei which were considered to be quite identical with  Pilumnopeus indicus . </p>
            <p>Most of the specimens examined during this study are small with the carapace breadth less than 1 cm and the rather rounded contour of the carapace, agreeing well with the colored illustration of Sakai (1939, pl. 62 fig. 4). The shape of the carapace anterolateral margin (Fig. 3C–D) is, however, somewhat variable individually and developmentally; the margin continuous with the external orbital angle before the first tooth is not at all developed or posteriorly developed and weakly angulated; in most of the specimens, the first tooth is depressed and more or less lobate, with its outer margin being weakly convex outwards along the general anterolateral curvature, and its obtuse tip is directed forward, but in some and larger specimens, the first tooth is developed to be tubercular and directed obliquely outwards; the second tooth is exposed to the same variation as the first tooth, especially as for the outer margin. In all the specimens, one cheliped is always heavy in both sexes, and the larger cheliped is perfectly smooth and shining.</p>
            <p> In the original figure of  Heteropanope indica , the carapace anterolateral teeth were figured to be more or less tubercular and weakly curved obliquely forwards, but the transverse ridges on the protogastric and epibranchial ridges may be seemingly strong, but the species identification is followed Patel et al. (2024) who examined the lectotype and additional specimens of  Pilumnopeus indicus and the lectotype and paralectotype of  P. pearsei , and showed the distinct differences in the carapace shape and anterolateral armatrure of both species. </p>
            <p>Distribution. ɹ Japan, Korea, Taiwan and coasts of China.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6D170FFC63B632A9B5969AA6C0C25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	deVries, Maaike;McGillis Hall, Linda;Dainty, Katie;Fan, Mark;Tscheng, Dorothy;Hamilton, Michael;Trbovich, Patricia	deVries, Maaike, McGillis Hall, Linda, Dainty, Katie, Fan, Mark, Tscheng, Dorothy, Hamilton, Michael, Trbovich, Patricia (2024): Ten Species of Crabs of the Families Acidopsidae, Aphanodactylidae and Pilumnidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 50 (4): 155-169, DOI: 10.50826/bnmnszool.50.4_155, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.001
03C6D170FFC83B622AD35F8FA8630D5F.text	03C6D170FFC83B622AD35F8FA8630D5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pilumnus caerulescens A. Milne-Edwards 1873	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pilumnus caerulescens A. Milne-Edwards, 1873</p>
            <p>[Jn: Nyukaredonia-kebukagani]</p>
            <p>(Fig. 1F)</p>
            <p> Pilumnus caerulescens A. Milne-Edwards, 1873, p. 242 , pl. 9 fig. 3. — Rathbun, 1910, p. 355, pl. 1 fig. 15; 1914, p. 660. — McNeill, 1926, p. 315. — Takeda &amp; Miyake, 1968, pp. 6 (in key), 30, fig. 7, pl. 2 fig. D. — Garth &amp; Kim, 1983, p. 693. — Trivedi et al., 2018, p. 60 (in list). —Takeda et al., 2023, p. 110, figs. 2, 5B. </p>
            <p> Pilumnus forskalii coerulescens : Balss, 1933, p. 14; 1938, p. 67. ʕ Holthuis, 1953, p. 25. </p>
            <p> Pilumnus sp. : Okuno et al., 2021, pp. 77 (in table), 82 (in discussion), figs. 3N, 4B–C. </p>
            <p>Material examined. ɹ Chichi-jima Is. —Miyano-hama (27°06′16′′N, 142°11′39′′E), Chichi-jima I., 2–5m, 1 ˁ (cb 6.9×cl 5.2 mm), NSMT-Cr 32400, 30-VI-2014, coll. by H. Komatsu.</p>
            <p>Haha-jima Is. ʕ Wakihama (26°38′10′′N, 142°09′29′′E), Haha-jima I., 3 ˂˂ (cb 7.3×cl 5.2 mm ʕ cb 8.2×cl 6.0 mm), 2 juvs, NSMT-Cr 32401, 7-VII-2015, coll. by H. Komatsu.</p>
            <p> Remarks. ɹ This species is characteristic in the rough appearance of the carapace and chelipeds armed with tubercles and stiff long hairs and the carapace anterolateral margin armed with four sharp spines with stout bases (Fig. 1F). Takeda et al. (2023) reported this species from the Philippines and compared with  Pilumnus hirsutissimus Takeda and Komatsu, 2020 , from Japan, which is similar in the hairy appearance, but different in the soft, not stiff hairs. </p>
            <p> Pilumnus sp. from Chiba Prefecture recorded by Okuno et al. (2021) is referred to this species due to the color photograph and line drawings of the carapace and ambulatory leg. </p>
            <p>Distribution. ɹ Mainly tropical and subtropical Indo-West Pacific waters, from the Andaman Islands eastwards to Australia and New Caledonia, and from the Gulf of Thailand northwards to Japan (Ryukyu Islands, Boso Peninsula and Ogasawara Islands) through the Micronesian islands and the Philippines.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6D170FFC83B622AD35F8FA8630D5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	deVries, Maaike;McGillis Hall, Linda;Dainty, Katie;Fan, Mark;Tscheng, Dorothy;Hamilton, Michael;Trbovich, Patricia	deVries, Maaike, McGillis Hall, Linda, Dainty, Katie, Fan, Mark, Tscheng, Dorothy, Hamilton, Michael, Trbovich, Patricia (2024): Ten Species of Crabs of the Families Acidopsidae, Aphanodactylidae and Pilumnidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 50 (4): 155-169, DOI: 10.50826/bnmnszool.50.4_155, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.001
03C6D170FFC83B6229535FAAADC70EED.text	03C6D170FFC83B6229535FAAADC70EED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pilumnus tahitensis De Man 1890	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pilumnus tahitensis De Man, 1890 [NJn: Tahichi-kebukagani] </p>
            <p>(Fig. 4A–C)</p>
            <p> Pilumnus tahitensis De Man, 1890, p 61 , pl. 3 fig. 4. — Ortmann, 1893, p. 437. — Rathbun, 1907, p. 56; 1911, p. 229. — Balss, 1933, p. 25; 1938, p. 68. — Miyake, 1939, p. 218 (in list). — Holthuis, 1953, p. 25. — Forest &amp; Guinot, 1961, p. 129, fig. 125. — Takeda &amp; Miyake, 1968, pp. 6 (in key), 15. </p>
            <p>Material examined. ɹ Chichi-jima Is. —Sujiiwa-misaki (27°07′50′′N, 142°10′46′′E), Ani-jima I., 9 m, 1 ˁ (cb 6.2×cl 4.9 mm), NSMT-Cr 32402, 27-VI-2014, coll. by H. Komatsu.</p>
            <p>Remarks. ɹ As stressed by the original author (De Man, 1890) and Takeda and Miyake (1968), the upper margin of the movable finger and the lower margin of the immovable finger, and the outer surface of each finger are thickly crested throughout the whole lengths, leaving a longitudinal deep furrow between the crests in each finger (Fig. 4C). The long club-shaped hairs covering the carapace, chelipeds and ambulatory legs and the narrow carapace armed with three sharp anterolateral spines are as seen in Fig. 4A–B. The outer halves of the supraorbital and infraorbital margins are raised and thin to form the deep orbit, with a deep cleft just below the external orbital part, with a spinule as the external orbital angle. A subhepatic spinule is seen between the external orbital angle and the first anterolateral spine.</p>
            <p>Distribution. ɹ Although the records of occurrence are not many, but the geographical range is wide from Madagascar and Seychelles in the western Indian Ocean to Tahiti and Tuamotu Islands in the southern Pacific Ocean and to the Solomon Islands and Micronesian islands in the western Pacific Ocean. New to Japanese waters.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6D170FFC83B6229535FAAADC70EED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	deVries, Maaike;McGillis Hall, Linda;Dainty, Katie;Fan, Mark;Tscheng, Dorothy;Hamilton, Michael;Trbovich, Patricia	deVries, Maaike, McGillis Hall, Linda, Dainty, Katie, Fan, Mark, Tscheng, Dorothy, Hamilton, Michael, Trbovich, Patricia (2024): Ten Species of Crabs of the Families Acidopsidae, Aphanodactylidae and Pilumnidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 50 (4): 155-169, DOI: 10.50826/bnmnszool.50.4_155, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.001
03C6D170FFC83B6129565972AD9C0990.text	03C6D170FFC83B6129565972AD9C0990.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pilumnus trispinosus (Sakai 1965)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pilumnus trispinosus (Sakai, 1965) [Jn: Toranoogani-damashi] </p>
            <p>(Fig. 3E–F)</p>
            <p> Parapilumnus pearsei (Rathbun) : Sakai 1939, p. 544, fig. 58. </p>
            <p> Parapilumnus trispinosus Sakai, 1965, p. 160 (in English), p. 69 (in Japanese), pl. 79 fig. 5; 1976, p. 502 (English vol.), p. 309 (Japanese vol.), fig. 268. — Takeda &amp; Miyake, 1969, p. 139, fig. 15. — Dai et al., 1986, p. 350, fig. 183 (2), pl. 50 fig. 7. — Dai &amp; Yang, 1991, p. 376, fig. 182 (2), pl. 59 fig. 7. — Muraoka, 1998, p. 45. — Hsueh et al., 2009, p. 1025. — Števčić, 2011, p. 135 (Type designation of  Daipilumnus gen. nov. ). </p>
            <p>Material examined. ɹ Chichi-jima Is. —Futami Bay, Chichi-jima I., on buoy, 1 ˁ (cb 6.2×cl 4.7mm), 1 ovig. ˂ (cb 6.6×cl 5.2 mm), NSMTCr 6866, 17-V-1975, coll. by Y. Kurata. — Miyano-hama, Chichi-jima I., 1 ovig. ˂ (cb 4.2×cl 3.0 mm), 26-VI-1976, NSMT-Cr 6552, coll. by M. Takeda; Same place, 1 ˁ (cb 6.1×cl 4.8mm), 26-VII—8-VIII-1976, NSMT-Cr 7038, coll. by M. Takeda. ʕ Tsuri-hama, Chichi-jima I., 1 ovig. ˂ (NSMT-Cr 32403; cb 6.3×cl 4.5 mm), 1 ˁ (NSMT-Cr 32404; cb 3.7×cl 3.0 mm), 11-VII-2009, coll. by H. Komatsu.</p>
            <p>Comparative specimens examined. ɹ Sunosaki, Tanega-shima I., south of Kyushu, 1 ˁ, 4 ovig. ˂˂, 1 ˂, NSMT-Cr 5190, 14-VI-1975, coll. by M. Takeda.</p>
            <p> Remarks. ɹ Števčić (2011) established a new genus  Daipilumnus to accommodate  Parapilumnus trispinosus Sakai, 1965 , without mention about the related genera and the definitive generic characters. The definition may be extracted only from the summarized explanations by Sakai (1939, as  P. pearsei ; 1965), without definite reason to establish the genus distinct from  Pilumnus , and therefore,  Daipilumnus is generally considered to be a junior subjective synonym of  Pilumnus . </p>
            <p> The present specimens from the Ogasawara Islands (Fig. 3E–F) agree with the colored figure by Sakai (1965, pl. 79 fig. 5) rather than the line drawing by Sakai (1939, fig. 58) in the carapace anterolateral armature. In the line drawing, the three anterolateral teeth are figured as small teeth curving forward along the anterolateral margin, but in the colored figure, the anterolateral teeth are rather tuberculated, directed obliquely forward and protruding distinctly beyond the anterolateral margin. These teeth may be variable individually like in the case of  Pilumnopeus pearsei , to which the smooth and scantly hairy dorsal surface of the carapace is close. In this species, both chelipeds are quite different in size like in  Benthopanope indica , but the larger chela is covered with thick minute granules and dense short and scant longish hairs (Fig. 3E–F) in contrast with the smooth and shining chela of  P. pearsei (Fig. 3C–D). </p>
            <p>  Sakai (1965) did not designate the type specimens, nor recorded the type depository. There is no specimen of  P. trispinosus in the Showa Memorial Institute,  National Museum of Nature and  Science , Tokyo  . </p>
            <p>Distribution. Sagami Bay to Kyushu in the Japanese mainland, and Amami-Oshima Island to the Yaeyama Group in the Ryukyu Islands; Shihmen, Taipei County, Taiwan; Guangxi coast, southern China; Koror Island, Palau Islands; Suva, Fiji.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6D170FFC83B6129565972AD9C0990	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	deVries, Maaike;McGillis Hall, Linda;Dainty, Katie;Fan, Mark;Tscheng, Dorothy;Hamilton, Michael;Trbovich, Patricia	deVries, Maaike, McGillis Hall, Linda, Dainty, Katie, Fan, Mark, Tscheng, Dorothy, Hamilton, Michael, Trbovich, Patricia (2024): Ten Species of Crabs of the Families Acidopsidae, Aphanodactylidae and Pilumnidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 50 (4): 155-169, DOI: 10.50826/bnmnszool.50.4_155, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.001
03C6D170FFCB3B6028905C74AB220FB5.text	03C6D170FFCB3B6028905C74AB220FB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Viaderiana longipes (A. Milne-Edwards 1873)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Viaderiana longipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1873)</p>
            <p>[Jn: Kahmiiji-kebukagani]</p>
            <p>(Fig. 1E)</p>
            <p> Pilumnus longipes A. Milne-Edwards, 1873, p. 245 , pl. 10 fig. 1. —De Man, 1888, p. 309. — Ng et al., 2008, p. 142 (in list). </p>
            <p> Lithocheila quadrispinosa (Zehntner, 1894) : Sakai, 1976, p. 534 (English vol.), p. 329 (Japanese vol.), pl. 191 fig. 3. (fide Maenosono, 2020) </p>
            <p> Viaderiana longipes : Takeda &amp; Manuel-Santos, 2003, p. 210 (in discussion). ʕ Maenosono, 2020, p. 29, figs. 2E–F, 3D, 10–11, 12K–M. </p>
            <p>Material examined. ɹ Chichi-jima Is. —Oomura Beach (27°05′35′′N, 142°11′38′′E), Chichi-jima I., 12 m, 1 young ˁ (cb 5.2×cl 4.0 mm), NSMTCr 32405, 13-XI-2013, coll. by H. Komatsu; Ooiwa (27°07′06′′N, 142°10′19′′E), Nishi-jima I., 9 m, 1 ˁ (cb 6.0×cl 5.1 mm), NSMT-Cr 32406, 27-VI-2014, coll. by H. Komatsu.</p>
            <p>Haha-jima Is. —Shihon-iwa South (26°38′49′′N, 142°08′36′E), Haha-jima I., 1 ˁ (cb 10.7×cl 8.2 mm), NSMT-Cr 32407, 3-VII-2015, coll. by H. Komatsu; Hirane (26°34′08′′N, 142°12′49′′E), Haha-jima I., 20–25 m, 1 ˁ (cb 5.1×cl 4.5 mm), NSMT-Cr 32408, 14-VII-2016, coll. by H. Komatsu.</p>
            <p> Remarks. ɹ This species has been well studied by Maenosono (2020) on the specimens from the Ryukyu Islands, and distinguished from the related species, especially  V. incerta (Takeda and Miyake, 1969) . Both species are typical as the  Viaderiana species , sharing the more or less camouflaged color without special spots, two strong and one vestigial anterolateral teeth, and the long ambulatory legs. In the present species (Fig. 1E), however, the frontal margin is separated into two strongly convex lobes by a median distinct notch (vs each lobe with nearly straight margin in  V. incerta ), and each merus of the first three ambulatory legs is armed with two or three spines on the upper margin, with one terminal spine (vs terminal spine usually absent in  V. incerta ). The armature of the ambulatory legs may be variable in both species, as stated by Maenosono (2020). </p>
            <p> In the original description of  Pilumnus comatus Ng, Dai and Yang, 1997 , some differences between  P. comatus and  P. longipes (now,  Viaderiana longipes ) were mentioned based on the examination of the type specimen of  P. longipes . It was noted for  P. longipes that each frontal lobe is more pronounced, the outer margin and dorsal surface of the cheliped carpus have distinct spines, and the ambulatory meri have one or two distinct spines, and the G1 distal part is strongly recurved. </p>
            <p>Distribution. ɹ New Caledonia; Pulo Edam, Malay Peninsula; the Ryukyu Islands.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C6D170FFCB3B6028905C74AB220FB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	deVries, Maaike;McGillis Hall, Linda;Dainty, Katie;Fan, Mark;Tscheng, Dorothy;Hamilton, Michael;Trbovich, Patricia	deVries, Maaike, McGillis Hall, Linda, Dainty, Katie, Fan, Mark, Tscheng, Dorothy, Hamilton, Michael, Trbovich, Patricia (2024): Ten Species of Crabs of the Families Acidopsidae, Aphanodactylidae and Pilumnidae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series A, Zoology 50 (4): 155-169, DOI: 10.50826/bnmnszool.50.4_155, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.001
