taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982710/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982710	FIGURE 1. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Trachelas chubbi, male (A–E) and female (F–J): A, F. Habitus, dorsal view; B, G. Same, lateral view; C, H. Same, ventral view; D, I. Leg I, prolateral view; E, J. Metatarsus and tarsus IV. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (A–C, F–H), 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J).	FIGURE 1. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Trachelas chubbi, male (A–E) and female (F–J): A, F. Habitus, dorsal view; B, G. Same, lateral view; C, H. Same, ventral view; D, I. Leg I, prolateral view; E, J. Metatarsus and tarsus IV. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (A–C, F–H), 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J).	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982712/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982712	FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Trachelas canariensis, female (A, B, D, F–L) and male (C, E): A Carapace, dorsal view; B Detail of carapace integument and setae; C Eye region, anterior view; D Same, dorsal view; E, F Distal end of chelicerae, anterior (E) and posterior (F) views, arrows indicating three promarginal teeth; G, H Posterior of cheliceral paturon, arrow indicating modified seta (G) and rectangle including field of pores near proximal retromarginal tooth (H); I Endites and labium; J Detail of endite serrula and mesal hair tuft; K Sternum and mouthparts; L Enlargement of sternum, arrows indicating slit sensilla.	FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Trachelas canariensis, female (A, B, D, F–L) and male (C, E): A Carapace, dorsal view; B Detail of carapace integument and setae; C Eye region, anterior view; D Same, dorsal view; E, F Distal end of chelicerae, anterior (E) and posterior (F) views, arrows indicating three promarginal teeth; G, H Posterior of cheliceral paturon, arrow indicating modified seta (G) and rectangle including field of pores near proximal retromarginal tooth (H); I Endites and labium; J Detail of endite serrula and mesal hair tuft; K Sternum and mouthparts; L Enlargement of sternum, arrows indicating slit sensilla.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982724/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982724	FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A–D T. canariensis, males from Bloemfontein (A) and Pretoria (B) and females from Ethiopia (C, D); E, F T. chubbi, male (E) and female (F) from Kihanga; G, H T. falsus sp. nov., male (G) and female (H) from Thendele; I, J T. humus sp. nov., male (I) and female (J) from Thendele; K, L T. leggi sp. nov., male (K) and female (L) from Cape Town. Scale bars: 1 mm.	FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A–D T. canariensis, males from Bloemfontein (A) and Pretoria (B) and females from Ethiopia (C, D); E, F T. chubbi, male (E) and female (F) from Kihanga; G, H T. falsus sp. nov., male (G) and female (H) from Thendele; I, J T. humus sp. nov., male (I) and female (J) from Thendele; K, L T. leggi sp. nov., male (K) and female (L) from Cape Town. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982726/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982726	FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A T. longinquus sp. nov., male from Dzanga-Sangha Forest; B T. pusillus, male from Tembe; C T. russellsmithi sp. nov., female from Addis Ababa; D, E T. scutatus sp. nov., male (D) and female (E) from Agege; F T. smithi sp. nov., female from Kakamega Forest; G, H T. sylvae, male (G) and female (H) from Ruwenzori. Scale bars: 1 mm.	FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A T. longinquus sp. nov., male from Dzanga-Sangha Forest; B T. pusillus, male from Tembe; C T. russellsmithi sp. nov., female from Addis Ababa; D, E T. scutatus sp. nov., male (D) and female (E) from Agege; F T. smithi sp. nov., female from Kakamega Forest; G, H T. sylvae, male (G) and female (H) from Ruwenzori. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982714/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982714	FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Trachelas canariensis, female (A–G) and male (H–K): A Palpal claw; B Patellar indentation and lyriform organ, leg IV; C Same, detail of lyriform organ; D Tibia I, ventral view; E Metatarsus I, ventral view; F Metatarsus IV, ventral view; G Tarsus I, dorsal view; H Tibia I, prolateral view; I Tibia II, prolateral view; J Metatarsus I, prolateral view; K Tarsus I, prolateral view. Abbreviations: CS—chemosensory setae; SS—scopulate setae; TO—tarsal organ; TR—trichobothria.	FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Trachelas canariensis, female (A–G) and male (H–K): A Palpal claw; B Patellar indentation and lyriform organ, leg IV; C Same, detail of lyriform organ; D Tibia I, ventral view; E Metatarsus I, ventral view; F Metatarsus IV, ventral view; G Tarsus I, dorsal view; H Tibia I, prolateral view; I Tibia II, prolateral view; J Metatarsus I, prolateral view; K Tarsus I, prolateral view. Abbreviations: CS—chemosensory setae; SS—scopulate setae; TO—tarsal organ; TR—trichobothria.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982719/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982719	FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Trachelas canariensis, female (A–E, J–L) and male (F–I): A Metatarsus IV, lateral, detail of preening brush and distal comb; B, C Tarsus I, bases of dorsal (B) and lateral (C) trichobothria; D Same, tarsal organ; E, F Same, claws and claw tufts, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views; G, J Anterior lateral spinnerets; H, K Posterior median spinnerets; I, L Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot; MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot; Nu—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore.	FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Trachelas canariensis, female (A–E, J–L) and male (F–I): A Metatarsus IV, lateral, detail of preening brush and distal comb; B, C Tarsus I, bases of dorsal (B) and lateral (C) trichobothria; D Same, tarsal organ; E, F Same, claws and claw tufts, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views; G, J Anterior lateral spinnerets; H, K Posterior median spinnerets; I, L Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot; MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot; Nu—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982721/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982721	FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Trachelas canariensis, male (A–E) and female (F): A Palpal femur, retrolateral view; B Patella, dorsal view; C Same, ventral view, rectangle enclosing lyriform organ (D); E Palpal patella, tibia and tarsus, ventral view; F Epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: EM—embolus; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Trachelas canariensis, male (A–E) and female (F): A Palpal femur, retrolateral view; B Patella, dorsal view; C Same, ventral view, rectangle enclosing lyriform organ (D); E Palpal patella, tibia and tarsus, ventral view; F Epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: EM—embolus; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982778/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982778	FIGURE 23. Phylogenetic tree of Afrotropical and New World Trachelidae genera based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences, with Afrotropical Trachelas sensu stricto highlighted in the green box, New World Trachelas sensu lato in the red box and Thysanina scopulifer in bold. Moggridgea loistata (Migidae) was used as the outgroup to root the tree. Terminals are labelled by species name, BOLD Process ID, Museum accession number, Sex and locality.	FIGURE 23. Phylogenetic tree of Afrotropical and New World Trachelidae genera based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences, with Afrotropical Trachelas sensu stricto highlighted in the green box, New World Trachelas sensu lato in the red box and Thysanina scopulifer in bold. Moggridgea loistata (Migidae) was used as the outgroup to root the tree. Terminals are labelled by species name, BOLD Process ID, Museum accession number, Sex and locality.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982751/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982751	FIGURE 14. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas leggi sp. nov. (A–D) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (E, F):A, E Male palp, ventral view; B, F Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT— atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA— patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 14. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas leggi sp. nov. (A–D) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (E, F):A, E Male palp, ventral view; B, F Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT— atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA— patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982763/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982763	FIGURE 17. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas russellsmithi sp. nov. (A, B) and T. scutatus sp. nov. (C–G): A, F Epigyne, cleared, ventral view; B, G Same, dorsal view; E Same, prior to clearing, ventral view; C Male palp, ventral view; D Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.Abbreviations:AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 17. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas russellsmithi sp. nov. (A, B) and T. scutatus sp. nov. (C–G): A, F Epigyne, cleared, ventral view; B, G Same, dorsal view; E Same, prior to clearing, ventral view; C Male palp, ventral view; D Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.Abbreviations:AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16985308/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16985308	FIGURE 13. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas humus sp. nov.: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd— connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 13. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas humus sp. nov.: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd— connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982733/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982733	FIGURE 8. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas canariensis: A Male palp, ventral view; Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermatheca; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 8. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas canariensis: A Male palp, ventral view; Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermatheca; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982755/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982755	FIGURE 15. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas pusillus: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view [ST II broken off during preparation]. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 15. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas pusillus: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view [ST II broken off during preparation]. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982739/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982739	FIGURE 10. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas chubbi: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 10. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas chubbi: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982770/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982770	FIGURE 19. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas sylvae: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 19. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas sylvae: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982745/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982745	FIGURE 11. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas falsus sp. nov.: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd— connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 11. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas falsus sp. nov.: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd— connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFFBFFB2FACE9837CDE1F85B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982767/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982767	FIGURE 18. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas smithi sp. nov.: A Epigyne, ventral view; B Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; FD—fertilization duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae.	FIGURE 18. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas smithi sp. nov.: A Epigyne, ventral view; B Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; FD—fertilization duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFF5FFB6FACE9D9ACC00FB0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982712/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982712	FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Trachelas canariensis, female (A, B, D, F–L) and male (C, E): A Carapace, dorsal view; B Detail of carapace integument and setae; C Eye region, anterior view; D Same, dorsal view; E, F Distal end of chelicerae, anterior (E) and posterior (F) views, arrows indicating three promarginal teeth; G, H Posterior of cheliceral paturon, arrow indicating modified seta (G) and rectangle including field of pores near proximal retromarginal tooth (H); I Endites and labium; J Detail of endite serrula and mesal hair tuft; K Sternum and mouthparts; L Enlargement of sternum, arrows indicating slit sensilla.	FIGURE 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Trachelas canariensis, female (A, B, D, F–L) and male (C, E): A Carapace, dorsal view; B Detail of carapace integument and setae; C Eye region, anterior view; D Same, dorsal view; E, F Distal end of chelicerae, anterior (E) and posterior (F) views, arrows indicating three promarginal teeth; G, H Posterior of cheliceral paturon, arrow indicating modified seta (G) and rectangle including field of pores near proximal retromarginal tooth (H); I Endites and labium; J Detail of endite serrula and mesal hair tuft; K Sternum and mouthparts; L Enlargement of sternum, arrows indicating slit sensilla.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFF5FFB6FACE9D9ACC00FB0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982714/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982714	FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Trachelas canariensis, female (A–G) and male (H–K): A Palpal claw; B Patellar indentation and lyriform organ, leg IV; C Same, detail of lyriform organ; D Tibia I, ventral view; E Metatarsus I, ventral view; F Metatarsus IV, ventral view; G Tarsus I, dorsal view; H Tibia I, prolateral view; I Tibia II, prolateral view; J Metatarsus I, prolateral view; K Tarsus I, prolateral view. Abbreviations: CS—chemosensory setae; SS—scopulate setae; TO—tarsal organ; TR—trichobothria.	FIGURE 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Trachelas canariensis, female (A–G) and male (H–K): A Palpal claw; B Patellar indentation and lyriform organ, leg IV; C Same, detail of lyriform organ; D Tibia I, ventral view; E Metatarsus I, ventral view; F Metatarsus IV, ventral view; G Tarsus I, dorsal view; H Tibia I, prolateral view; I Tibia II, prolateral view; J Metatarsus I, prolateral view; K Tarsus I, prolateral view. Abbreviations: CS—chemosensory setae; SS—scopulate setae; TO—tarsal organ; TR—trichobothria.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFF5FFB6FACE9D9ACC00FB0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982719/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982719	FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Trachelas canariensis, female (A–E, J–L) and male (F–I): A Metatarsus IV, lateral, detail of preening brush and distal comb; B, C Tarsus I, bases of dorsal (B) and lateral (C) trichobothria; D Same, tarsal organ; E, F Same, claws and claw tufts, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views; G, J Anterior lateral spinnerets; H, K Posterior median spinnerets; I, L Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot; MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot; Nu—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore.	FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrographs of Trachelas canariensis, female (A–E, J–L) and male (F–I): A Metatarsus IV, lateral, detail of preening brush and distal comb; B, C Tarsus I, bases of dorsal (B) and lateral (C) trichobothria; D Same, tarsal organ; E, F Same, claws and claw tufts, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views; G, J Anterior lateral spinnerets; H, K Posterior median spinnerets; I, L Posterior lateral spinnerets. Abbreviations: Ac—aciniform gland spigot(s); Cy—cylindrical gland spigot(s); mAmp—minor ampullate gland spigot; MAmp—major ampullate gland spigot; Nu—nubbin; Pi—piriform gland spigot(s); Ta—tartipore.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFF5FFB6FACE9D9ACC00FB0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982721/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982721	FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Trachelas canariensis, male (A–E) and female (F): A Palpal femur, retrolateral view; B Patella, dorsal view; C Same, ventral view, rectangle enclosing lyriform organ (D); E Palpal patella, tibia and tarsus, ventral view; F Epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: EM—embolus; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Trachelas canariensis, male (A–E) and female (F): A Palpal femur, retrolateral view; B Patella, dorsal view; C Same, ventral view, rectangle enclosing lyriform organ (D); E Palpal patella, tibia and tarsus, ventral view; F Epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: EM—embolus; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFF5FFB6FACE9D9ACC00FB0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982724/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982724	FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A–D T. canariensis, males from Bloemfontein (A) and Pretoria (B) and females from Ethiopia (C, D); E, F T. chubbi, male (E) and female (F) from Kihanga; G, H T. falsus sp. nov., male (G) and female (H) from Thendele; I, J T. humus sp. nov., male (I) and female (J) from Thendele; K, L T. leggi sp. nov., male (K) and female (L) from Cape Town. Scale bars: 1 mm.	FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A–D T. canariensis, males from Bloemfontein (A) and Pretoria (B) and females from Ethiopia (C, D); E, F T. chubbi, male (E) and female (F) from Kihanga; G, H T. falsus sp. nov., male (G) and female (H) from Thendele; I, J T. humus sp. nov., male (I) and female (J) from Thendele; K, L T. leggi sp. nov., male (K) and female (L) from Cape Town. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFF5FFB6FACE9D9ACC00FB0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982733/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982733	FIGURE 8. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas canariensis: A Male palp, ventral view; Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermatheca; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 8. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas canariensis: A Male palp, ventral view; Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermatheca; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFF5FFB6FACE9D9ACC00FB0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16985308/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16985308	FIGURE 13. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas humus sp. nov.: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd— connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 13. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas humus sp. nov.: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd— connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFF5FFB6FACE9D9ACC00FB0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982735/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982735	FIGURE 9. Distribution of Trachelas canariensis (yellow circles) and T. chubbi (blue circles) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	FIGURE 9. Distribution of Trachelas canariensis (yellow circles) and T. chubbi (blue circles) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFF6FFA8FACE99FFCCE7F94C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982710/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982710	FIGURE 1. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Trachelas chubbi, male (A–E) and female (F–J): A, F. Habitus, dorsal view; B, G. Same, lateral view; C, H. Same, ventral view; D, I. Leg I, prolateral view; E, J. Metatarsus and tarsus IV. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (A–C, F–H), 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J).	FIGURE 1. Digital microscope photographs of somatic morphology of Trachelas chubbi, male (A–E) and female (F–J): A, F. Habitus, dorsal view; B, G. Same, lateral view; C, H. Same, ventral view; D, I. Leg I, prolateral view; E, J. Metatarsus and tarsus IV. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (A–C, F–H), 0.5 mm (D, E, I, J).	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFF6FFA8FACE99FFCCE7F94C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982724/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982724	FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A–D T. canariensis, males from Bloemfontein (A) and Pretoria (B) and females from Ethiopia (C, D); E, F T. chubbi, male (E) and female (F) from Kihanga; G, H T. falsus sp. nov., male (G) and female (H) from Thendele; I, J T. humus sp. nov., male (I) and female (J) from Thendele; K, L T. leggi sp. nov., male (K) and female (L) from Cape Town. Scale bars: 1 mm.	FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A–D T. canariensis, males from Bloemfontein (A) and Pretoria (B) and females from Ethiopia (C, D); E, F T. chubbi, male (E) and female (F) from Kihanga; G, H T. falsus sp. nov., male (G) and female (H) from Thendele; I, J T. humus sp. nov., male (I) and female (J) from Thendele; K, L T. leggi sp. nov., male (K) and female (L) from Cape Town. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFF6FFA8FACE99FFCCE7F94C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982739/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982739	FIGURE 10. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas chubbi: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 10. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas chubbi: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFF6FFA8FACE99FFCCE7F94C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982770/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982770	FIGURE 19. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas sylvae: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 19. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas sylvae: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFF6FFA8FACE99FFCCE7F94C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982735/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982735	FIGURE 9. Distribution of Trachelas canariensis (yellow circles) and T. chubbi (blue circles) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	FIGURE 9. Distribution of Trachelas canariensis (yellow circles) and T. chubbi (blue circles) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE8FFADFACE9A3FCC8DFE00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982724/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982724	FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A–D T. canariensis, males from Bloemfontein (A) and Pretoria (B) and females from Ethiopia (C, D); E, F T. chubbi, male (E) and female (F) from Kihanga; G, H T. falsus sp. nov., male (G) and female (H) from Thendele; I, J T. humus sp. nov., male (I) and female (J) from Thendele; K, L T. leggi sp. nov., male (K) and female (L) from Cape Town. Scale bars: 1 mm.	FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A–D T. canariensis, males from Bloemfontein (A) and Pretoria (B) and females from Ethiopia (C, D); E, F T. chubbi, male (E) and female (F) from Kihanga; G, H T. falsus sp. nov., male (G) and female (H) from Thendele; I, J T. humus sp. nov., male (I) and female (J) from Thendele; K, L T. leggi sp. nov., male (K) and female (L) from Cape Town. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE8FFADFACE9A3FCC8DFE00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982745/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982745	FIGURE 11. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas falsus sp. nov.: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd— connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 11. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas falsus sp. nov.: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd— connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE8FFADFACE9A3FCC8DFE00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982751/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982751	FIGURE 14. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas leggi sp. nov. (A–D) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (E, F):A, E Male palp, ventral view; B, F Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT— atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA— patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 14. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas leggi sp. nov. (A–D) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (E, F):A, E Male palp, ventral view; B, F Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT— atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA— patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE8FFADFACE9A3FCC8DFE00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982747/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982747	FIGURE 12. Distribution of Trachelas falsus sp. nov. (yellow circles), T. humus sp. nov. (blue circles), T. leggi sp. nov. (turquoise circles) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (green circle) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	FIGURE 12. Distribution of Trachelas falsus sp. nov. (yellow circles), T. humus sp. nov. (blue circles), T. leggi sp. nov. (turquoise circles) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (green circle) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFEDFFAFFACE9B0ACD14FBD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982724/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982724	FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A–D T. canariensis, males from Bloemfontein (A) and Pretoria (B) and females from Ethiopia (C, D); E, F T. chubbi, male (E) and female (F) from Kihanga; G, H T. falsus sp. nov., male (G) and female (H) from Thendele; I, J T. humus sp. nov., male (I) and female (J) from Thendele; K, L T. leggi sp. nov., male (K) and female (L) from Cape Town. Scale bars: 1 mm.	FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A–D T. canariensis, males from Bloemfontein (A) and Pretoria (B) and females from Ethiopia (C, D); E, F T. chubbi, male (E) and female (F) from Kihanga; G, H T. falsus sp. nov., male (G) and female (H) from Thendele; I, J T. humus sp. nov., male (I) and female (J) from Thendele; K, L T. leggi sp. nov., male (K) and female (L) from Cape Town. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFEDFFAFFACE9B0ACD14FBD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16985308/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16985308	FIGURE 13. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas humus sp. nov.: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd— connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 13. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas humus sp. nov.: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd— connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFEDFFAFFACE9B0ACD14FBD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982733/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982733	FIGURE 8. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas canariensis: A Male palp, ventral view; Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermatheca; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 8. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas canariensis: A Male palp, ventral view; Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermatheca; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFEFFFA1FACE99C3CC1AFBBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982724/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982724	FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A–D T. canariensis, males from Bloemfontein (A) and Pretoria (B) and females from Ethiopia (C, D); E, F T. chubbi, male (E) and female (F) from Kihanga; G, H T. falsus sp. nov., male (G) and female (H) from Thendele; I, J T. humus sp. nov., male (I) and female (J) from Thendele; K, L T. leggi sp. nov., male (K) and female (L) from Cape Town. Scale bars: 1 mm.	FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A–D T. canariensis, males from Bloemfontein (A) and Pretoria (B) and females from Ethiopia (C, D); E, F T. chubbi, male (E) and female (F) from Kihanga; G, H T. falsus sp. nov., male (G) and female (H) from Thendele; I, J T. humus sp. nov., male (I) and female (J) from Thendele; K, L T. leggi sp. nov., male (K) and female (L) from Cape Town. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFEFFFA1FACE99C3CC1AFBBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982751/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982751	FIGURE 14. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas leggi sp. nov. (A–D) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (E, F):A, E Male palp, ventral view; B, F Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT— atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA— patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 14. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas leggi sp. nov. (A–D) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (E, F):A, E Male palp, ventral view; B, F Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT— atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA— patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFEFFFA1FACE99C3CC1AFBBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982747/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982747	FIGURE 12. Distribution of Trachelas falsus sp. nov. (yellow circles), T. humus sp. nov. (blue circles), T. leggi sp. nov. (turquoise circles) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (green circle) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	FIGURE 12. Distribution of Trachelas falsus sp. nov. (yellow circles), T. humus sp. nov. (blue circles), T. leggi sp. nov. (turquoise circles) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (green circle) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE1FFA0FACE996FCB21FF78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982726/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982726	FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A T. longinquus sp. nov., male from Dzanga-Sangha Forest; B T. pusillus, male from Tembe; C T. russellsmithi sp. nov., female from Addis Ababa; D, E T. scutatus sp. nov., male (D) and female (E) from Agege; F T. smithi sp. nov., female from Kakamega Forest; G, H T. sylvae, male (G) and female (H) from Ruwenzori. Scale bars: 1 mm.	FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A T. longinquus sp. nov., male from Dzanga-Sangha Forest; B T. pusillus, male from Tembe; C T. russellsmithi sp. nov., female from Addis Ababa; D, E T. scutatus sp. nov., male (D) and female (E) from Agege; F T. smithi sp. nov., female from Kakamega Forest; G, H T. sylvae, male (G) and female (H) from Ruwenzori. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE1FFA0FACE996FCB21FF78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982751/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982751	FIGURE 14. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas leggi sp. nov. (A–D) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (E, F):A, E Male palp, ventral view; B, F Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT— atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA— patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 14. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas leggi sp. nov. (A–D) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (E, F):A, E Male palp, ventral view; B, F Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT— atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA— patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE1FFA0FACE996FCB21FF78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982747/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982747	FIGURE 12. Distribution of Trachelas falsus sp. nov. (yellow circles), T. humus sp. nov. (blue circles), T. leggi sp. nov. (turquoise circles) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (green circle) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	FIGURE 12. Distribution of Trachelas falsus sp. nov. (yellow circles), T. humus sp. nov. (blue circles), T. leggi sp. nov. (turquoise circles) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (green circle) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE0FFA2FACE9C47CC26FCB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982726/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982726	FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A T. longinquus sp. nov., male from Dzanga-Sangha Forest; B T. pusillus, male from Tembe; C T. russellsmithi sp. nov., female from Addis Ababa; D, E T. scutatus sp. nov., male (D) and female (E) from Agege; F T. smithi sp. nov., female from Kakamega Forest; G, H T. sylvae, male (G) and female (H) from Ruwenzori. Scale bars: 1 mm.	FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A T. longinquus sp. nov., male from Dzanga-Sangha Forest; B T. pusillus, male from Tembe; C T. russellsmithi sp. nov., female from Addis Ababa; D, E T. scutatus sp. nov., male (D) and female (E) from Agege; F T. smithi sp. nov., female from Kakamega Forest; G, H T. sylvae, male (G) and female (H) from Ruwenzori. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE0FFA2FACE9C47CC26FCB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982755/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982755	FIGURE 15. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas pusillus: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view [ST II broken off during preparation]. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 15. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas pusillus: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view [ST II broken off during preparation]. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE0FFA2FACE9C47CC26FCB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982751/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982751	FIGURE 14. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas leggi sp. nov. (A–D) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (E, F):A, E Male palp, ventral view; B, F Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT— atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA— patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 14. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas leggi sp. nov. (A–D) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (E, F):A, E Male palp, ventral view; B, F Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT— atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA— patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE0FFA2FACE9C47CC26FCB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982761/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982761	FIGURE 16. Distribution of Trachelas pusillus (yellow circles), T. russellsmithi sp. nov. (green circle), T. scutatus sp. nov. (blue circles), T. smithi sp. nov. (magenta circle) and T. sylvae (turquoise circles) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	FIGURE 16. Distribution of Trachelas pusillus (yellow circles), T. russellsmithi sp. nov. (green circle), T. scutatus sp. nov. (blue circles), T. smithi sp. nov. (magenta circle) and T. sylvae (turquoise circles) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE2FFA2FACE9E6BCB28F870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982726/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982726	FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A T. longinquus sp. nov., male from Dzanga-Sangha Forest; B T. pusillus, male from Tembe; C T. russellsmithi sp. nov., female from Addis Ababa; D, E T. scutatus sp. nov., male (D) and female (E) from Agege; F T. smithi sp. nov., female from Kakamega Forest; G, H T. sylvae, male (G) and female (H) from Ruwenzori. Scale bars: 1 mm.	FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A T. longinquus sp. nov., male from Dzanga-Sangha Forest; B T. pusillus, male from Tembe; C T. russellsmithi sp. nov., female from Addis Ababa; D, E T. scutatus sp. nov., male (D) and female (E) from Agege; F T. smithi sp. nov., female from Kakamega Forest; G, H T. sylvae, male (G) and female (H) from Ruwenzori. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE2FFA2FACE9E6BCB28F870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982763/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982763	FIGURE 17. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas russellsmithi sp. nov. (A, B) and T. scutatus sp. nov. (C–G): A, F Epigyne, cleared, ventral view; B, G Same, dorsal view; E Same, prior to clearing, ventral view; C Male palp, ventral view; D Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.Abbreviations:AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 17. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas russellsmithi sp. nov. (A, B) and T. scutatus sp. nov. (C–G): A, F Epigyne, cleared, ventral view; B, G Same, dorsal view; E Same, prior to clearing, ventral view; C Male palp, ventral view; D Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.Abbreviations:AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE2FFA2FACE9E6BCB28F870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982724/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982724	FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A–D T. canariensis, males from Bloemfontein (A) and Pretoria (B) and females from Ethiopia (C, D); E, F T. chubbi, male (E) and female (F) from Kihanga; G, H T. falsus sp. nov., male (G) and female (H) from Thendele; I, J T. humus sp. nov., male (I) and female (J) from Thendele; K, L T. leggi sp. nov., male (K) and female (L) from Cape Town. Scale bars: 1 mm.	FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A–D T. canariensis, males from Bloemfontein (A) and Pretoria (B) and females from Ethiopia (C, D); E, F T. chubbi, male (E) and female (F) from Kihanga; G, H T. falsus sp. nov., male (G) and female (H) from Thendele; I, J T. humus sp. nov., male (I) and female (J) from Thendele; K, L T. leggi sp. nov., male (K) and female (L) from Cape Town. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE2FFA2FACE9E6BCB28F870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982751/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982751	FIGURE 14. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas leggi sp. nov. (A–D) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (E, F):A, E Male palp, ventral view; B, F Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT— atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA— patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 14. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas leggi sp. nov. (A–D) and T. longinquus sp. nov. (E, F):A, E Male palp, ventral view; B, F Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT— atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA— patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE2FFA2FACE9E6BCB28F870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982761/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982761	FIGURE 16. Distribution of Trachelas pusillus (yellow circles), T. russellsmithi sp. nov. (green circle), T. scutatus sp. nov. (blue circles), T. smithi sp. nov. (magenta circle) and T. sylvae (turquoise circles) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	FIGURE 16. Distribution of Trachelas pusillus (yellow circles), T. russellsmithi sp. nov. (green circle), T. scutatus sp. nov. (blue circles), T. smithi sp. nov. (magenta circle) and T. sylvae (turquoise circles) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE5FFA4FACE9D9ACB5DFAD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982726/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982726	FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A T. longinquus sp. nov., male from Dzanga-Sangha Forest; B T. pusillus, male from Tembe; C T. russellsmithi sp. nov., female from Addis Ababa; D, E T. scutatus sp. nov., male (D) and female (E) from Agege; F T. smithi sp. nov., female from Kakamega Forest; G, H T. sylvae, male (G) and female (H) from Ruwenzori. Scale bars: 1 mm.	FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A T. longinquus sp. nov., male from Dzanga-Sangha Forest; B T. pusillus, male from Tembe; C T. russellsmithi sp. nov., female from Addis Ababa; D, E T. scutatus sp. nov., male (D) and female (E) from Agege; F T. smithi sp. nov., female from Kakamega Forest; G, H T. sylvae, male (G) and female (H) from Ruwenzori. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE5FFA4FACE9D9ACB5DFAD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982763/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982763	FIGURE 17. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas russellsmithi sp. nov. (A, B) and T. scutatus sp. nov. (C–G): A, F Epigyne, cleared, ventral view; B, G Same, dorsal view; E Same, prior to clearing, ventral view; C Male palp, ventral view; D Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.Abbreviations:AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 17. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas russellsmithi sp. nov. (A, B) and T. scutatus sp. nov. (C–G): A, F Epigyne, cleared, ventral view; B, G Same, dorsal view; E Same, prior to clearing, ventral view; C Male palp, ventral view; D Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.Abbreviations:AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE5FFA4FACE9D9ACB5DFAD4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982761/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982761	FIGURE 16. Distribution of Trachelas pusillus (yellow circles), T. russellsmithi sp. nov. (green circle), T. scutatus sp. nov. (blue circles), T. smithi sp. nov. (magenta circle) and T. sylvae (turquoise circles) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	FIGURE 16. Distribution of Trachelas pusillus (yellow circles), T. russellsmithi sp. nov. (green circle), T. scutatus sp. nov. (blue circles), T. smithi sp. nov. (magenta circle) and T. sylvae (turquoise circles) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE4FFA7FACE98C7CB28FA11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982726/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982726	FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A T. longinquus sp. nov., male from Dzanga-Sangha Forest; B T. pusillus, male from Tembe; C T. russellsmithi sp. nov., female from Addis Ababa; D, E T. scutatus sp. nov., male (D) and female (E) from Agege; F T. smithi sp. nov., female from Kakamega Forest; G, H T. sylvae, male (G) and female (H) from Ruwenzori. Scale bars: 1 mm.	FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A T. longinquus sp. nov., male from Dzanga-Sangha Forest; B T. pusillus, male from Tembe; C T. russellsmithi sp. nov., female from Addis Ababa; D, E T. scutatus sp. nov., male (D) and female (E) from Agege; F T. smithi sp. nov., female from Kakamega Forest; G, H T. sylvae, male (G) and female (H) from Ruwenzori. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE4FFA7FACE98C7CB28FA11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982767/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982767	FIGURE 18. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas smithi sp. nov.: A Epigyne, ventral view; B Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; FD—fertilization duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae.	FIGURE 18. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas smithi sp. nov.: A Epigyne, ventral view; B Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; FD—fertilization duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE4FFA7FACE98C7CB28FA11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982724/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982724	FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A–D T. canariensis, males from Bloemfontein (A) and Pretoria (B) and females from Ethiopia (C, D); E, F T. chubbi, male (E) and female (F) from Kihanga; G, H T. falsus sp. nov., male (G) and female (H) from Thendele; I, J T. humus sp. nov., male (I) and female (J) from Thendele; K, L T. leggi sp. nov., male (K) and female (L) from Cape Town. Scale bars: 1 mm.	FIGURE 6. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A–D T. canariensis, males from Bloemfontein (A) and Pretoria (B) and females from Ethiopia (C, D); E, F T. chubbi, male (E) and female (F) from Kihanga; G, H T. falsus sp. nov., male (G) and female (H) from Thendele; I, J T. humus sp. nov., male (I) and female (J) from Thendele; K, L T. leggi sp. nov., male (K) and female (L) from Cape Town. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE4FFA7FACE98C7CB28FA11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982745/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982745	FIGURE 11. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas falsus sp. nov.: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd— connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 11. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas falsus sp. nov.: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd— connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE4FFA7FACE98C7CB28FA11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982761/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982761	FIGURE 16. Distribution of Trachelas pusillus (yellow circles), T. russellsmithi sp. nov. (green circle), T. scutatus sp. nov. (blue circles), T. smithi sp. nov. (magenta circle) and T. sylvae (turquoise circles) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	FIGURE 16. Distribution of Trachelas pusillus (yellow circles), T. russellsmithi sp. nov. (green circle), T. scutatus sp. nov. (blue circles), T. smithi sp. nov. (magenta circle) and T. sylvae (turquoise circles) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE7FF99FACE9B03CB9BFBD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982726/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982726	FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A T. longinquus sp. nov., male from Dzanga-Sangha Forest; B T. pusillus, male from Tembe; C T. russellsmithi sp. nov., female from Addis Ababa; D, E T. scutatus sp. nov., male (D) and female (E) from Agege; F T. smithi sp. nov., female from Kakamega Forest; G, H T. sylvae, male (G) and female (H) from Ruwenzori. Scale bars: 1 mm.	FIGURE 7. Dorsal habitus of Afrotropical Trachelas species: A T. longinquus sp. nov., male from Dzanga-Sangha Forest; B T. pusillus, male from Tembe; C T. russellsmithi sp. nov., female from Addis Ababa; D, E T. scutatus sp. nov., male (D) and female (E) from Agege; F T. smithi sp. nov., female from Kakamega Forest; G, H T. sylvae, male (G) and female (H) from Ruwenzori. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE7FF99FACE9B03CB9BFBD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982770/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982770	FIGURE 19. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas sylvae: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 19. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas sylvae: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE7FF99FACE9B03CB9BFBD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982739/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982739	FIGURE 10. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas chubbi: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 10. Genitalic morphology of Trachelas chubbi: A Male palp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Epigyne, ventral view; D Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; PA—patellar apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I— primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermathecae; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFE7FF99FACE9B03CB9BFBD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982761/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982761	FIGURE 16. Distribution of Trachelas pusillus (yellow circles), T. russellsmithi sp. nov. (green circle), T. scutatus sp. nov. (blue circles), T. smithi sp. nov. (magenta circle) and T. sylvae (turquoise circles) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	FIGURE 16. Distribution of Trachelas pusillus (yellow circles), T. russellsmithi sp. nov. (green circle), T. scutatus sp. nov. (blue circles), T. smithi sp. nov. (magenta circle) and T. sylvae (turquoise circles) in the continental Afrotropical Region.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFD9FF9AFACE9A04CC0FF870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982772/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982772	FIGURE 20. Microscope photographs of somatic and genitalic morphology of Thysanina scopulifer male (A–C) and female (D, E): A, B Dorsal habitus; C Male palp, ventral view; D Same, retrolateral view; E Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: A, B 1.0 mm, C–E 0.1 mm.	FIGURE 20. Microscope photographs of somatic and genitalic morphology of Thysanina scopulifer male (A–C) and female (D, E): A, B Dorsal habitus; C Male palp, ventral view; D Same, retrolateral view; E Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: A, B 1.0 mm, C–E 0.1 mm.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFD9FF9AFACE9A04CC0FF870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982774/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982774	FIGURE 21. Morphology of Thysanina scopulifer male (A–C) and female (D, E): A Schematic representation of ventral leg cusps; B Male palp, ventral view; C Same, retrolateral view; D Epigyne, ventral view; E Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.Abbreviations:AG—accessory gland;AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermatheca; TA—tegular apophysis.	FIGURE 21. Morphology of Thysanina scopulifer male (A–C) and female (D, E): A Schematic representation of ventral leg cusps; B Male palp, ventral view; C Same, retrolateral view; D Epigyne, ventral view; E Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.Abbreviations:AG—accessory gland;AT—atrium; CD—copulatory duct; Cd—connecting duct; CO—copulatory opening; EM—embolus; FD—fertilization duct; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis; SP—sperm duct; ST I—primary spermatheca; ST II—secondary spermatheca; TA—tegular apophysis.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
03C387AFFFD9FF9AFACE9A04CC0FF870.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/16982776/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16982776	FIGURE 22. Distribution of Thysanina scopulifer in South Africa.	FIGURE 22. Distribution of Thysanina scopulifer in South Africa.	2025-08-07	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin		Zenodo	biologists	Haddad, Charles R.;Lyle, Robin			
