identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C187EE1B75A71FFB95FCC3BAEF4D2E.text	03C187EE1B75A71FFB95FCC3BAEF4D2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Alph. Wood, Classbook Bot.	<div><p>Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Alph.Wood, Classbook Bot.: 796. 1861; Bor, Grass. Burma Ceylon</p><p>India &amp; Pakistan 521. 1960; Vivek, G.V.S. Murthy</p><p>&amp; V.J. Nair, Nelumbo 63(1): (33-101). 2021. Poa trichodes Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 5:</p><p>146. 1835. Type: USA, Arkansas, Thomas Nuttall s.n. (holo NY [NY00431374 digital image!]). Figs. 1 &amp; 2</p><p>Perennial. Culms 45–80 cm long, non-glandular. Leaf sheaths 11–18 cm long, hairy on apices. Ligule membranous, apex lacerate, ciliate with cilia 0.3–0.7 mm long. Leaf blades 25–47 cm long, flat to involute, adaxial surface scabrid. Panicles 30–45 (–70) cm long, open. branches alternate to sub-whorled, capillary, axils ciliate. Pedicels up to 2.5 cm long, capillary. Spikelets ovate to lanceolate or oblong, 5.0– 7.7 mm long, disarticulating from below upwards, 5–8-flowered. Lower glumes 1.8– 3.0 mm long, apex acuminate. Upper glume 2.0– 3.5 mm, apex acuminate. Lemmas 2.5–3.0 mm long, broadly ovate to lanceolate, membranous, keel prominent, scabrous along keel towards apex, apex obtuse to acute. Paleas 1.5–2.5 mm long, scaberulous along keels above middle, apex acute. Stamens 3, anthers 1–1.5 mm long, purplish. Caryopses 0.7–1.3 mm long, oblong, prismatic, ventrally grooved, truncate at ends, dark reddish.</p><p>Flowering and fruiting: From September to October. Habitat and distribution: Eragrostis trichodes (Nutt.) Alph.Wood ( ≡ trichodes Nutt.) was discovered from Arkansas, North America (Nuttall, 1835). The native range of this species is the Central and East United States of America (Peterson et al., 2003). It is a warm-season, short-lived, perennial grass which grows on sandy soils, open sandy woods, rocky slopes, and roadsides, at 100-2150 m a.s.l. in their native range. It is also found in France, Germany, Japan, Maryland, and Saudi Arabia as an introduced species (POWO, 2023). However, in India, it was first reported by Bor (1960) as an introduced species without any comments on its distributional range and citation of specimens made in the country. During a field trip in Khasi Hills, was been collected near Mairang, Upper Shillong, which confirms its occurrence in India. It is an alien grass species and found to grow on degraded land, secondary cliffs, near the forest margin; at 1700-1750 m a.s.l. (Fig. 3).</p><p>Specimens examined: INDIA, Meghalaya, upper Shillong, on way to Mairang, N 25° 31’ 25.68’’</p><p>, E 91° 41’ 27.96’’, 12.10.2022, 1750 m, D. Prasad</p><p>350004 (LWG).</p><p>Taxonomic notes: According to Peterson et al. (2003), the spikelets of E. trichodes are disarticulated from below upwards. However, in the taxonomic keys, Bor (1960) noted that the spikelets are disarticulated from above downwards as found in E. aspera Nees. We examined the disarticulation patterns of spikelet and found that the lemmas have fallen from below upward, while the paleas are persistent on the rachilla as same has been described by Vivek et al. (2021) (Fig. 2). However, the description, provided by Vivek et al. (2021), is based on the specimens deposited at CAL herbarium, collected from USA. Eragrostis trichodes shares similarity with E. aspera in having very broadly oblong open to loose panicle with numerous capillary branches bearing long or short pedicelled spikelets but differs from the latter by panicle longer than half the length of culm (vs. shorter than half the length of culm), spikelets are disarticulated from below upward (vs. from above downward), lower glumes 1.8–3.0 mm long, lanceolate-acuminate (vs. 1.0- 1.3 mm long, ellipticacute), and lemmas 2.5–3.0 mm long ovate to lanceolate, apex acute (vs. 1.2–1.7 mm long, ovate to elliptic, apex truncate). E. trichodes is also allied to E. nigra Steud., with glumes lanceolate-acuminate and a similar length of the lemma, but has lower glume 1.8–3.0 mm long and lemma apex acute, however, the latter species has lower glume 1.5–2.5 mm long and lemma apex acuminate. In their native range, E. trichodes shows similarity with E. palmeri S.Watson by the obvious characters: fringe of hairs at leaf sheath throat, upper glume exceeding the lower lemmas, palea apex truncate and reddish brown caryopsis with groove adaxially, but differs from E. palmeri in having spikelet 3–15 mm long, 1.5– 3.6 mm wide (vs. spikelets 4–6 mm long, 1–2 mm</p><p>Table 1. Morphological comparison of Eragrostis trichodes, E. aspera, E. nigra and E. palmeri . wide), 2–22 cm long pedicelled (1–4 mm (14 mm) long), glumes 1.8–4 mm long (vs. 1.1–1.2 mm long) lemma 2.2–3.5 mm long (vs. 2–2.6 mm long), and caryopsis 0.8–1.3 mm (vs. 0.6–0.8 mm) (Peterson et al., 2003) (Table 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187EE1B75A71FFB95FCC3BAEF4D2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	S., Tiwari;D., Prasad;S., Jaiswal;S., Tiwari;Agnihotri, P.	S., Tiwari, D., Prasad, S., Jaiswal, S., Tiwari, Agnihotri, P. (2024): On the occurrence of Eragrostis trichodes (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 34 (2): 135-141, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2024.34.02.07
