identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C887CAFF9CFF88FDADFC7BFAFDFAAB.text	03C887CAFF9CFF88FDADFC7BFAFDFAAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus Simon 1896	<div><p>Genus Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896</p><p>Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896: 421 .</p><p>Stethorrhagus – Simon 1898: 200, figs 198–199, 202 (type species by subsequent designation, S. limbatus Simon, 1896). — Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: 34. — Bonaldo 2000: 125.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Stethorrhagus shares with Parachemmis and Tupirinna a pair of anterolateral sternal excavations in both sexes and a ventral tibial apophysis (VTA) in the male palp (Figs 1C–F, 5C, 8D–E, 13B, 14A, 16C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 1c, 6c, 9b, 15a; Bonaldo 2000: figs 25–26, 116–118, 335, 344; Xavier &amp; Bonaldo 2021: figs 8a, 21a, 22g). They differ from both Parachemmis and Tupirinna by the male palpal embolus with a bifid tip, with the ejaculatory duct opening on the bifurcation (Figs 14A, 17A, 20A; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 5c–d, 6a) (embolus tip entire in Parachemmis and Tupirinna; Bonaldo 2000: figs 325–326, 328; Xavier &amp; Bonaldo 2021: figs 8a–c, 20b–c). Females of Stethorrhagus further differ from Parachemmis by the single copulatory opening leading to a single copulatory duct that branches posteriorly (Figs 2C–D, 4C–D, 6C–D, 19C–D, 25C–D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 10f–g, 11c–d, 18a–b, 19c–d) (two separated epigynal copulatory openings that lead to long, wide copulatory ducts in Parachemmis – Bonaldo 2000: figs 333–334, 337–338) and from Tupirinna by the faint carapace color pattern, without the contrasting longitudinal median stripe (Figs 1A, 2A, 5A, 6A, 9A, 12A).</p><p>Description</p><p>See Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit (1994: 34).</p><p>Composition</p><p>Stethorrhagus archangelus Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994, S. bradypus sp. nov., S. callithrix sp. nov., S. canis sp. nov., S. chalybeius (L. Koch, 1866), S. duidae Gertsch, 1942, S. felis sp. nov., S. hyula Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994, S. latoma Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994, S. limbatus Simon, 1896, S. loxodonta sp. nov., S. lupulus Simon, 1896, S. maculatus (L. Koch, 1866), S. mandrillus sp. nov., S. naja sp. nov., S. nigrinus (Berland, 1913), S. ovis sp. nov., S. oxossi Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994, S. papilio sp. nov., S. peckorum Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994, S. penai Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994, S. planada Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994, S. roraimae Gertsch, 1942, S. sciurus sp. nov., S. sylvilagus sp. nov., S. tremarctos sp. nov., S. tridentatus Caporiacco, 1955 .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Neotropical region (Fig. 48).</p><p>Key to species of Stethorrhagus Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994 (adapted from Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994)</p><p>1. Males (those of S. roraimae, S. maculatus, S. nigrinus, S. canis sp. nov., S. papilio sp. nov. and S. sciurus sp. nov. unknown) ............................................................................................................ 2</p><p>– Females (those of S. duidae, S. latoma, S. peckorum and S. penai Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994, unknown) ........................................................................................................................................ 22</p><p>2. Sternal excavations shallow, without delimited internal margin (Figs 1B, 2B, 3B, 4B, 7D, 8B) .... 3</p><p>– Sternal excavations deep, with delimited internal margin (Figs 9B, 12C–D, 15C–D, 22B, 24C–D) ........................................................................................................................................................... 8</p><p>3. Tibial dorsal apophysis (DTA) present; embolus insertion prolateral (Figs 1E–F, 3E–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 10b, 13b) .......................................................................................................... 4</p><p>– DTA absent; embolus insertion medial (Fig. 8D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 14b, 22b) ......... 7</p><p>4. Sub-embolic prolateral process (SePP) shoulder-like, blunt, developed prolaterally (Figs 1C–D, 3C–D) ............................................................................................................................................... 5</p><p>– SePP reduced to a small projection (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 12a, 13a) .............................. 6</p><p>5. DTA large and rounded; ventral lobe of RTA with an intermediate process between ventral process of ventral lobe of RTA (vVL) and dorsal process of ventral lobe of RTA (dVL) (Fig. 1E–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 10b) .............................................................................. S. lupulus Simon, 1896</p><p>– DTA small, represented by a shallow excavation; intermediate process between vVL and dVL absent (Fig. 3E–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 11b) ................... S. oxossi Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>6. TP1 relatively small in relation to embolus, directed prolaterally, not covering embolar base (Fig. 5D– E; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 12b) ........................ S. archangelus Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>– TP1 large in relation to embolus, directed apically, covering embolar base (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 13a) ......................................................................... S. latoma Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>7. Tibia with apical spur (AS) long, with wide base, inserted ventrally on tibial surface; embolus widened, flat and triangular, with reduced apical prongs (Fig. 7E–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 22a–b) .......................................................................... S. peckorum Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>– Tibia with AS short, inserted apically on vVL; embolus filiform, with long apical prongs (Fig. 8C–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 14a–b) ........................................... S. tridentatus Caporiacco, 1955</p><p>8. Ventral lobe of RTA composed only of vVL (Fig. 10C–D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 9a–c) ..... ......................................................................................................................... S. limbatus Simon, 1896</p><p>– Ventral lobe of RTA bifid, composed of vVL and dVL (Figs 13B, 14B, 29A–B, 30A–B, 32A–B, 33A–B; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 15c) .................................................................................. 9</p><p>9. Dorsal lobe of RTA wide, triangular; SePP and TP1 absent (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 15c) ..... ...................................................................................................... S. penai Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>– Dorsal lobe of RTA finger-shaped or absent; SePP and/or TP1 present (Figs 14A–B, 30A–B, 33B) ......................................................................................................................................................... 10</p><p>10. dVL not protruding, represented by a slight elevation continuous to vVL (Figs 13B, 14B) ...........11</p><p>– dVL protruding (Figs 29B, 33B, 35C) ............................................................................................ 16</p><p>11. dVL glabrous; AS large, laminar, shifted dorsally (Figs 14A–B, 17A–B) ..................................... 12</p><p>– dVL covered by long, thick modified hairs; AS indistinguishable from vVL (Figs 19B, 20B, 22E; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 17b, 19b) ..................................................................................... 13</p><p>12. AS triangular in retrolateral view; embolus inserted between SePP and a Sub-embolic retrolateral process (SeRP) (Figs 13A–B, 14A–B) ............................................................ S. tremarctos sp. nov.</p><p>– AS diamond-shaped in retrolateral view; SeRP absent (Figs 16A–C, 17A–B) .................................. .......................................................................................................................... S. mandrillus sp. nov.</p><p>13. SePP and embolus geminated at base; embolus short (Figs 19A, 20A) ........... S. loxodonta sp. nov.</p><p>– SePP and embolus separated at base (Figs 21C, 22C, 25A, 26A, 22C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 19a) ........................................................................................................................................... 14</p><p>14. TP1 represented by a wide, serrated keel (Figs 21C–D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: Fig. 17b) ........ ............................................................................................... S. planada Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>– TP1 tooth-like (Figs 22C, 25A; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 17a, 19a) .................................. 15</p><p>15. TP1 curved, pointing prolaterally (Fig. 22C–E; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 19a) ...................... ................................................................................................... S. hyula Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>– TP1 straight, pointing apically (Figs 25A–B, 26A) ........................................... S. sylvilagus sp. nov.</p><p>16. vVL and dVL glabrous, without thick modified hairs (Figs 27C–D, 29A–B, 30A–B; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: Fig. 20b) ............................................................................................................... 17</p><p>– vVL with thick modified hairs (Figs 32B, 35C) ............................................................................. 18</p><p>17. vVL longer than dVL, bifid in the distal third; embolus wide-based, with reduced apical prongs (Fig. 27C–D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 20a–b) .................................. S. duidae Gertsch, 1942</p><p>– vVL slightly shorter than dVL, entire; embolus narrow-based, with well-developed apical prongs (Figs 29A–B, 30A–B) ................................................................................................. S. ovis sp. nov.</p><p>18. Thick modified hairs present in both vVL and dVL (Figs 32B, 35B–C, 36B, 39C) ...................... 19</p><p>– Thick modified hairs present only in vVL; dVL glabrous (Figs 41B, 42C) ................................... 21</p><p>19. SePP with pointed tip directed retrolaterally (Figs 32A, 33A) ........................... S. callithrix sp. nov.</p><p>– SePP with blunt tip directed apically (Figs 35B, 38A–C) .............................................................. 20</p><p>20. RTA with dorsal lobe (DL); tegulum with TP1 (Figs 35B, 36A–B) ........................... S. felis sp. nov.</p><p>– Both DL and TP1 absent (Figs 38A–C, 39A–C) ................................................ S. bradypus sp. nov.</p><p>21. SePP finger-shaped as long as the embolus, tip blunt (Figs 41A–C, 42A–C) ............ S. naja sp. nov.</p><p>– SePP comma-shaped smaller than embolus, tip pointed (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 16a) ........ ............................................................................................................. S. chalybeius (L. Koch, 1866)</p><p>22. Sternal excavations shallow, without delimited internal margin .................................................... 23</p><p>– Sternal excavations deep, with delimited internal margin .............................................................. 26</p><p>23. Ventral epigynal median plate (VEP) absent; dorsal plate with an accentuated V-shaped notch (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 14d–e) .......................................... S. tridentatus Caporiacco, 1955</p><p>– VEP present; dorsal plate without V-shaped notch ......................................................................... 24</p><p>24. Copulatory opening (CO) circular; median plate not invaginated medially (Fig. 6C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 12d) ............................................... S. archangelus Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>– CO otherwise; median plate invaginated medially (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 10f, 11c) .... 25</p><p>25. CO V-shaped, with a clearly delimited anterior margin (Fig. 2C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 10f) .................................................................................. S. lupulus Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>– CO U-shaped, without a clearly delimited anterior margin (Fig. 4C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 11c) .................................................................................... S. oxossi Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>26. CO a large transverse excavation (nearly four times wider than long) (Fig. 11C, E; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 9d) ............................................................................... S. limbatus Simon, 1896</p><p>– Copulatory opening circular or a small transverse excavation (nearly as long as wide) (Figs 25C, 41D) ................................................................................................................................................ 27</p><p>27. CO disposed anteriorly in relation to spermathecae (Figs 25C, 38D, 41D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 18a, 19a, 21b, 23a) ................................................................................................................... 28</p><p>– CO disposed posteriorly in relation to spermathecae (Figs 16D, 19D, 29C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 16d) ................................................................................................................................. 37</p><p>28. VEP present (Figs 38D, 41D) ......................................................................................................... 29</p><p>– VEP absent (Figs 23C, 44C) ........................................................................................................... 34</p><p>29. CO with straight posterior margin (Figs 38D, 41D) ....................................................................... 30</p><p>– CO with U-shaped posterior margin (Figs 25C, 32C) .................................................................... 31</p><p>30. VEP placed medially on epigynal plate; primary spermathecae (SI) extended anteriorly, with long fertilization ducts inserted on the SI’s extension, beyond CO level (Figs 38D–E, 39D–E) ............... ............................................................................................................................. S. bradypus sp. nov.</p><p>– VEP placed posteriorly on epigynal plate; primary spermathecae (SI) not extended anteriorly, below CO level (Figs 41D–E, 42D–E) .................................................................................. S. naja sp. nov.</p><p>31. VEP sub-rectangular, placed medially on epigynal plate (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 18a) ....... ............................................................................................... S. planada Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>– VEP gently procurved, placed posteriorly on epigynal plate (Figs 25C, 32C, 43C, E) ................. 32</p><p>32. Copulatory duct (CD) long (from CO to posterior margin of VEP, more than six times as long as CO width) (Figs 32C–D, 33C–D) ............................................................................. S. callithrix sp. nov.</p><p>– CD short (from CO to posterior margin of VEP, less than four times as long as CO width) (Figs 25C, 43C, E) ............................................................................................................................................ 33</p><p>33. Area between the posterior margin of VEP and the posterior margin of epigynal ventral plate bulging (Figs 25C, 26C) ................................................................................................. S. sylvilagus sp. nov.</p><p>– Area between the posterior margin of VEP and the posterior margin of epigynal ventral plate depressed (Fig. 43C, E) ......................................................................................... S. sciurus sp. nov.</p><p>34. Epigynal plate with a posterior median half-moon-shaped sclerotization (Fig. 23C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 19c) ........................................................... S. hyula Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>– Epigynal plate without such a sclerotization (Figs 45C–F; 44C–F, 11C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 21b, 23a) .................................................................................................................................. 35</p><p>35. CO small (width nearly 12 times smaller than the distance between CO and posterior margin of epigynal plate) (Fig 7C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 23a) ................. S. roraimae Gertsch, 1942</p><p>– CO large (width four times smaller than the distance between CO and posterior margin of epigynal plate) (Figs 44C, 45C–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 21b) ..................................................... 36</p><p>36. CO with posterior border sinuous; CD’s dorsal reinforcement rods not surpassing CO anteriorly (Fig. 44C–D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 21b) ............................... S. nigrinus (Berland, 1913)</p><p>– CO with posterior border straight; CD’s dorsal reinforcement rods surpassing CO anteriorly (Fig. 45C–F) ........................................................................................................... S. papilio sp. nov.</p><p>37. CO circular or sub-circular (Figs 17D, 20C) .................................................................................. 38</p><p>– CO slit-shaped (Figs 29C, 47C, E) ................................................................................................. 42</p><p>38. CO with anterior margin delimited by a protruding lip (Figs 16D, 17C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 16d) ........................................................................................................................................... 39</p><p>– CO with anterior margin not delimited, depressed (Figs 13D, 19D, 46C) ..................................... 40</p><p>39. Lip divided into two humps (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 16d) ... S. chalybeius (L. Koch, 1866)</p><p>– Lip entire (Figs 16D, 17C) ............................................................................... S. mandrillus sp. nov.</p><p>40. Depression anterior to CO deep, quadrangular (Figs 13D, 14C) .................... S. tremarctos sp. nov.</p><p>– Depression anterior to CO shallow, sub-triangular ......................................................................... 41</p><p>41. VEP lateral margins straight, diverging anteriorly (Fig. 46C) ............ S. maculatus (L. Koch, 1866)</p><p>– VEP lateral margins curved, converging anteriorly (Figs 19D, 20C) ............... S. loxodonta sp. nov.</p><p>42. CO large (as wide as the distance between CO and posterior margin of epigynal plate), placed on the posterior half of the epigynal plate (Fig. 47C, E) ..................................................... S. canis sp. nov.</p><p>– CO small (width five times smaller than the distance between CO and posterior margin of epigynal plate), placed on the anterior half of the epigynal plate (Figs 29C, 36C) ....................................... 43</p><p>43. VEP posterior margin nearly straight (Figs 29C, 30C) ............................................... S. ovis sp. nov.</p><p>– VEP posterior margin procurved (Figs 35D, 36C) ..................................................... S. felis sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFF9CFF88FDADFC7BFAFDFAAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFF98FF85FDA2FA38FBA2FDBE.text	03C887CAFF98FF85FDA2FA38FBA2FDBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus lupulus Simon 1896	<div><p>Stethorrhagus lupulus Simon, 1896</p><p>Figs 1–2, 49</p><p>Stethorrhagus lupulus Simon, 1896: 422, ♀.</p><p>Stethorrhagus lupulus – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: 44, fig. 10a–g, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. lupulus resemble those of S. oxossi, S. latoma and S. archangelus by the presence of a DTA and by the prolaterally inserted embolus (Fig. 3B–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 11a–b, 12a–c, 13ac). They differ from those of S. latoma and S. archangelus by the SePP shoulder-like, blunt, developed prolaterally (Fig. 1B–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 10a) (SePP reduced to a small projection in S. latoma and S. archangelus – Fig. 5C–E; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 12a, 13a) and from those of S. oxossi by the DTA large and rounded; VL with an intermediate process between vVL and dVL (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 10b) (DTA poorly developed, represented by a shallow excavation; intermedial process between vVL and dVL absent in S. oxossi – Fig. 3C–F, Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 11b). Females are similar to those of S. archangelus and S. oxossi by the presence of a VEP (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 11c, 12d). They differ from those of S. archangelus by the slit-shaped CO and by the invaginated VEP (Fig. 2C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 10f) (CO circular; VEP not invaginated in S. archangelus – Fig. 6C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 12d) and from those of S. oxossi by the V-shaped CO, with a clearly delimited anterior margin (Fig. 2C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 10f) (CO U-shaped, without a clearly delimited anterior margin in S. oxossi – Fig. 4C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 11c).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>BRAZIL • ♀; Amazonas, São Paulo de Olivença; Mathan leg.; MNHN 8131 (examined).</p><p>Material examined (new records)</p><p>BRAZIL – Acre • 1 ♂, 1 juv.; Rio Branco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.641945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.673334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.641945/lat -9.673334)">Reserva Extrativista de Humaitá</a>; [9°40′24″ S, 67°38′31″ W]; 12 Apr. 1996; Equipe IBSP/SMNK leg; IBSP 8724 • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.693306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.025222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.693306/lat -10.025222)">Campus Embrapa Acre</a>; 10°1′30.8″ S, 67°41′35.9″ W; Sep. 2012; L.M.S. Costa leg.; UFMG 12409 • 1 ♂; Senador Guiomard, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.6275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.072222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.6275/lat -10.072222)">Reserva Extrativista de Catuaba</a>; [10°4′20″ S, 67°37′39″ W]; 2002; E.F. Morato leg.; IBSP 135237. – Amazonas • 1 ♂; Coari, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.15139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.876889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.15139/lat -4.876889)">Porto Urucu</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.15139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.876889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.15139/lat -4.876889)">Urucu River</a>, artificial forest gap, border; 4°52′36.8″ S, 65°9′05″ W; 14 Jul. 2003; A.B. Bonaldo leg.; collected with beating tray; MPEG 39917 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 4°49′33.9″ S, 65°1′50.6″ W; 18 Jul. 2003; MPEG 39918 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding, medium regenerated forest gap; 4°50′01″ S, 65°1′53″ W; 3 Jul. 2006; D.F. Candiani leg.; MPEG 39921 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding, highly regenerated clearing; 4°45′48″ S, 65°2′41″ W; 26 Sep. 2006; D.F. Candiani leg.; MPEG 39919 • 1 ♀; Coari, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.031395&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.8155556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.031395/lat -4.8155556)">Urucu River</a> basin, highly regenerated forest gap; 4°48′56″ S, 65°1′53″ W; 20 Jul. 2006; L.T. Miglio leg.; manual collection at night; MPEG 39920. – Mato Grosso • 1 ♀; Cotriguaçu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.248333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-9.84" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.248333/lat -9.84)">Fazenda São Nicolau</a>; 9°50′24″ S, 58°14′54″ W; 2–14 Oct. 2010; A.J. Santos leg.; UFMG 7773 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; UFMG 7792. – Pará • 1 ♀; Bagre, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.493584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0854166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.493584/lat -2.0854166)">Igarapé Sequitã</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.493584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.0854166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.493584/lat -2.0854166)">Comunidade São Sebastião</a>; 2°5′7.5″ S, 50°29′36.9″ W; 28 Jun. 2015; Josimar leg.; collected with beating tray; MPEG 39912.</p><p>PERU – Loreto • 3 ♀♀; Cocha Shuinguito, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-5.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.75/lat -5.133333)">Río Samiria</a>; 5°8′ S, 74°45′ W; ca 100 m; May–Jun. 1990; T. Erwin et al. leg.; fogging; MUSM 0504401 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; MUSM 0504404. – Madre de Dios • 1 ♀; Cuenca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.0675&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.574166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.0675/lat -12.574166)">Río Los Amigos</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.0675&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.574166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.0675/lat -12.574166)">Centro de Investigación y Capacitación</a> <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.0675&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.574166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.0675/lat -12.574166)">Río Los Amigos</a>, CICRA; [12°34′27″ S, 70°4′3″ W]; 2 Mar. 2006; M. Deza leg.; UA 564 • 1 ♀; Tambopata, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.833333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.28333/lat -12.833333)">Trocha La Torre</a>; 12°50′ S, 69°17′ W; 30 Jul. 1987; D. Silva leg.; MUSM 0504340.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male and female, see Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit (1994: 44). Additional documentation in Figs 1–2.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Venezuela, Colombia, Peru and Northern Brazil (Fig. 49).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit (1994) refer to the locality Ariquemes, Ji-Paraná River, as belonging to the state of Roraima (north of the state of Amazonas). In fact, it belongs to the state of Rondônia in Brazil (south of the state of Amazonas). This mistake is corrected on the map of Fig. 49.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFF98FF85FDA2FA38FBA2FDBE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFF95FF83FE14FD21FC4BFC7F.text	03C887CAFF95FF83FE14FD21FC4BFC7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus oxossi Bonaldo & Brescovit 1994	<div><p>Stethorrhagus oxossi Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>Figs 3–4, 49</p><p>Stethorrhagus oxossi Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994: 46, figs 2f, 6a–e, 7d–f, 11a–d, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. oxossi resemble those of S. lupulus, S. latoma and S. archangelus by the presence of a DTA and by the prolaterally inserted embolus (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 11a–b, 12a–c, 13a–c). They differ from those of S. latoma and S. archangelus by the SePP shoulder-like, blunt, developed prolaterally (Fig. 3D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 11a) (SePP reduced to a small projection in S. latoma and S. archangelus – Fig. 5C–D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 12a, 13a) and from those of S. lupulus by the DTA poorly developed, represented by a shallow excavation; VL without intermediate process between vVL and dVL – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 11b (DTA large and rounded; intermedial process between vVL and dVL in S. lupulus - Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 10b). Females are similar to those of S. archangelus and S. lupulus by the presence of a VEP (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 11c, 12d). They differ from those of S. archangelus by the slit-shaped CO and by the invaginated VEP (Fig. 4C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 11c) (CO circular; VEP not invaginated in S. archangelus – Fig. 6C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 12d) and from those of S. lupulus by the U-shaped CO, without a clearly delimited anterior margin (Fig. 4C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 11d) (CO V-shaped, with a clearly delimited anterior margin in S. lupulus – Fig. 2C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 10c).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>BRAZIL • ♂; Bahia, Itamaraju; [17°01′51″ S, 39°31′56″ W]; MCN 24053 (not re-examined).</p><p>Paratype</p><p>BRAZIL • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; MCN 24053 (not re-examined).</p><p>Material examined (new records)</p><p>BRAZIL – Rio de Janeiro • 1 ♀; Volta Redonda, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.09139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.54889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.09139/lat -22.54889)">Floresta da Cicuta</a>; [22°32′56″ S, 44°05′29″ W]; Aug. 2002; M.O. Gonzaga leg.; IBSP 48940 • 1 ♂; Paraty, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.571667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.041666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.571667/lat -23.041666)">Prainha</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.571667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.041666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.571667/lat -23.041666)">entre Mambucaba e Tarituba</a>; [23°02′30″ S, 44°34′18″ W]; 13 Dec. 1974; MNRJ. – São Paulo • 1 ♂; Peruíbe, Estação Ecológica de Juréia-Itatins (Núcleo Arpoador); 24°23′13.6″ S, 47°0.1′3.3″ W; 21–26 Apr. 2012; G.H.F. Azevedo and J.P.P. Pena-Barbosa leg.; UFMG 13009.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male and female, see Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit (1994: 46). Additional documentation in Figs 3–4.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Brazilian states of Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo (Fig. 49).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFF95FF83FE14FD21FC4BFC7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFF93FF82FE31FC63FD43F965.text	03C887CAFF93FF82FE31FC63FD43F965.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus archangelus Bonaldo & Brescovit 1994	<div><p>Stethorrhagus archangelus Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>Figs 5–6, 49</p><p>Stethorrhagus archangelus Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994: 46, fig. 12a–e, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. archangelus resemble those of S. lupulus, S. latoma and S. oxossi by the presence of a DTA and by the prolaterally inserted embolus (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 11a–b, 12a–c, 13a–c). They differ from those of S. lupulus and S. oxossi by the SePP reduced to a small projection (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 12b) (SePP shouder-like in S. lupulus and S. oxossi – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 10a, 11a) and from those of S. latoma by the TP1 relatively small, directed prolaterally, not covering the embolar base (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 12b) (TP1 directed apically, covering the embolar base in S. latoma – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 13a). Females are similar to those of S. lupulus and S. oxossi by the presence of a VEP (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 10f, 11c, 12d). They differ from those of both these species by the CO circular and VEP round, not invaginated (Fig. 43C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 12d–e) (CO slit-shaped; VEP invaginated in S. lupulus and S. oxossi – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 10f, 11c).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>BRAZIL • ♂; Amazonas, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.907776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.41111112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.907776/lat 0.41111112)">Pico da Neblina</a>; [0°24′40″ N, 65°54′28″ W]; 8 Nov. 1990; A.A. Lise leg; MCTP 1210.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>BRAZIL • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; MCN 25461 (not re-examined).</p><p>Material examined (new record)</p><p>BRAZIL – Amazonas • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; elev. 1550 m; 1 Oct. 2007; D. Candiani leg.; MPEG 39922.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male and female, see Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit (1994: 46). Additional documentation in Fig. 5.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 49).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFF93FF82FE31FC63FD43F965	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFF92FF81FE10F96DFD84FCC9.text	03C887CAFF92FF81FE10F96DFD84FCC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus latoma Bonaldo & Brescovit 1994	<div><p>Stethorrhagus latoma Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>Fig. 50</p><p>Stethorrhagus latoma Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994: 49, fig. 13a–c, ♂.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. latoma resemble those of S. archangelus by the presence of a DTA in the male palp and SePP reduced to a small projection (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 12a–b, 13a, c). They differ by the DTA small and pointed; TP1 large, covering the embolar insertion in ventral view (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 13a–b) (DTA represented by a shallow excavation; TP1 smaller, embolar insertion visible in ventral view in S. archangelus – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 12b–c).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>VENEZUELA • ♂; Mérida, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.12901&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.583214" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.12901/lat 8.583214)">La Montana Cable Car Station</a>; [8°34′59.57″ N, 71°7′44.45″ W]; 23–25 Feb. 1968; P. and B. Wigodzinski and M. Cormons leg.; USNM (not re-examined).</p><p>Description</p><p>Male, see Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit (1994: 49). Female unknown.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Merida, Venezuela (Fig. 50).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFF92FF81FE10F96DFD84FCC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFF90FF9FFE3FFEB7FD9AFCC9.text	03C887CAFF90FF9FFE3FFEB7FD9AFCC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus peckorum Bonaldo & Brescovit 1994	<div><p>Stethorrhagus peckorum Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>Figs 7D–F, 50</p><p>Stethorrhagus peckorum Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994: 61, fig. 22a–b, ♂.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. peckorum resemble those of S. tridentatus by the DTA absent and by the medially inserted embolus (Fig. 7E–F, 8C–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 14a–b, 22a–b). They differ by the tibia with the AS long, with a wide base, inserted on the tibial surface; embolus widened, flat and triangular, with reduced apical prongs (Fig. 7E–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 22a–b) (AS short, inserted apically on vVL; embolus filiform, with long apical prongs in S. tridentatus – Fig. 8C–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 14a–b).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>VENEZUELA • ♂; Bolívar, Gran Sabana, 10 km N of Luepa; [5°20′49.85″ N, 61°42′02.03″ W]; 26 Jun.– 11 Jul. 1987; S. and J. Peck leg.; AMNH (examined).</p><p>Paratype</p><p>VENEZUELA • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; AMNH (examined).</p><p>Description</p><p>Male, see Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit (1994: 49). Female unknown. Additional documentation of the male holotype in Fig. 7D–F.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Bolívar, Venezuela (Fig. 50).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFF90FF9FFE3FFEB7FD9AFCC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFF8FFF9FFDF2FC99FE21F874.text	03C887CAFF8FFF9FFDF2FC99FE21F874.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus tridentatus Caporiacco 1955	<div><p>Stethorrhagus tridentatus Caporiacco, 1955</p><p>Figs 8, 50</p><p>Stethorrhagus tridentatus Caporiacco, 1955: 379, fig. 47a–b, ♂.</p><p>Stethorrhagus tridentatus – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: 49, fig. 14a–e, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. tridentatus resemble those of S. peckorum by the DTA absent and by the medially inserted embolus (Fig. 8C–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 14a–b, 22a–b). They differ by the tibia with AS short, inserted apically on vVL; embolus filiform, with long apical prongs (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 14a–b) (AS long, with wide base, inserted on tibial surface; embolus widened, flat and triangular, with reduced apical prongs in S. peckorum – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 22a–b). Females differ from those of other species with shallow sternal excavations ( S. lupulus, S. oxossi and S. archangelus) by the absence of a VEP and by the dorsal plate with an accentuated V-shaped notch (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 14d–e) (VEP present; dorsal epigynal plate not notched in S. lupulus, S. oxossi and S. archangelus – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 10f–g, 11c–d, 12d–e).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>VENEZUELA • ♂; Distrito Federal, El Junquito; [10°27′43.83″ N, 67°4′59.43″ W]; 1948; Marcuzzi leg.; MUCV 703 (examined).</p><p>Material examined</p><p>VENEZUELA – Caracas • 1 ♂; [10°28′00″ N, 67°17′00″ W]; 1990; G. Sponga leg.; sample 860(1); MPEG 40146.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male and female, see Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit (1994: 49, fig. 14a–e). Additional documentation of the male in Fig. 8.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Venezuela (Fig. 47).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFF8FFF9FFDF2FC99FE21F874	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFF8EFF9CFDDCFA00FCCBFDA5.text	03C887CAFF8EFF9CFDDCFA00FCCBFDA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus limbatus Simon 1896	<div><p>Stethorrhagus limbatus Simon, 1896</p><p>Figs 9–11, 49</p><p>Stethorrhagus limbatus Simon, 1896: 421, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Stethorrhagus abrahami Mello-Leitão, 1948: 183, fig. 24, ♂ (synonymized with Stethorrhagus limbatus by Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: 39, figs 8a–b, 9a–e).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of Stethorrhagus limbatus differ from those of all other species with deep sternal excavations by the VL entire and the dVL absent (Fig. 10A–D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 9a–c) (VL bifid, composed of vVL and dVL in all other species – Figs 3E, 7E–F, 13A–B); they are similar to those of S. penai by the SePP indistinguishable from the embolar base; absence of TP1 and presence of TP2 (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 15a–b) but may be recognized by the absence of the dVL and by the median sector of the spermophore coiling on the prolatero-basal region of the tegulum (Figs 10A–D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 9b–c) (dVL present, median sector of the spermatophore coiling on the ventral region of tegulum in S. penai – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 15b). Females differ from those of other species with the CO disposed anteriorly in relation to the SI and without VEP ( S. nigrinus, S. hyula and S. roraimae) by the CO composed of a large transversal excavation (nearly four times as wide as long) (Fig. 11C–E; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 9v) and by the wide longitudinal rods on the CD wall (Fig. 11D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 9e) (CO narrower and rods inconspicuous in S. nigrinus and S. hyula; not observed in S. roraimae – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 19c–d, 21b–c, 23a–b).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype of Stethorrhagus limbatus Simon, 1896 (designated by Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994)</p><p>BRAZIL • ♂; Amazonas, Tefé; [3°23′57″ S, 64°42′58″ W]; De Mathan leg.; MNHN 3616–AR14829 (examined).</p><p>Paralectotypes of Stethorrhagus limbatus Simon, 1896</p><p>BRAZIL • 1 ♀; São Paulo de Olivença; 3°25′42″ S, 68°48′16″ W; De Mathan leg.; MNHN 3616– AR14830 (examined). • 1 ♀; Le Para [Belém]; [1°27′30″ S, 48°5′31″ W]; De Mathan leg.; MNHN 3616–AR14830 (examined).</p><p>Holotype of Stethorrhagus abrahami Mello-Leitão, 1948</p><p>GUIANA • ♂; Guest, Moraballi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-58.628887&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.3980556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -58.628887/lat 6.3980556)">Essequibo River</a>; [6°23′53″ N, 58°37′44″ W]; 20 Aug. 1929; R.W.G. Hingston leg.; BMNH 1930.4.15.1A (examined).</p><p>Description</p><p>Male and female, see Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit (1994: 39, figs 8a–b, 9a–e). Additional documentation of the habitus and copulatory organs is provided in Figs 9–11.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>States of Amazonas and Pará, Brazil; Guiana (Fig. 49).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFF8EFF9CFDDCFA00FCCBFDA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFF8AFF9AFE18FEB7FE1EFBE4.text	03C887CAFF8AFF9AFE18FEB7FE1EFBE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus penai Bonaldo & Brescovit 1994	<div><p>Stethorrhagus penai Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>Fig, 51</p><p>Stethorrhagus penai Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994: 52: fig. 15a–c, ♂.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of Stethorrhagus penai resemble those of S. limbatus by the SePP indistinguishable from the embolar base, the absence of TP1 and the presence of TP2 (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 9b, 15b), but it may be recognized by the presence of dVL and by the median sector of the spermophor coiling on the ventral region of the tegulum (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 15b–c) (dVL absent; median sector of the spermophor coiling on the prolatero-basal region of the tegulum in S. limbatus – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 9a–b).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>ECUADOR • ♂; northern Ecuador, without specific locality; Sep. 1977; E.L. Peña leg.; AMNH (not re-examined).</p><p>Description</p><p>Male, see Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit (1994: 49). Female unknown.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Ecuador (Fig. 51).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFF8AFF9AFE18FEB7FE1EFBE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFF8AFF96FDAEFBEDFD43FE13.text	03C887CAFF8AFF96FDAEFBEDFD43FE13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus tremarctos Xavier & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2025	<div><p>Stethorrhagus tremarctos sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A17E4137-B0AC-4474-B51E-561A44DFFB6C</p><p>Figs 12–14, 51</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. tremarctos sp. nov. resemble those of S. mandrillus sp. nov. by the glabrous dVL and AS large, laminar and shifted dorsally (Figs 13A–C, 14A–B, 16A–C, 17A–B). They can be readily distinguished by the AS triangular in retrolateral view, by the embolus inserted between SePP and SeRP, and by the VTA not bulging (Figs 13A–C, 14A–B) (AS diamond-shaped in retrolateral view, SeRP absent, and VTA bulging in S. mandrillus – Figs 16A–C, 17A–B). Females resemble those of S. mandrillus, S. chalybeius, S. maculatus and S. loxodonta sp. nov. by the presence of a circular CO disposed posteriorly in relation to SI (Figs 13D–E, 16D–E, 46C), differing from S. mandrillus and S. chalybeius by the anterior margin of CO not delimited by a protruding lip (lip present in S. mandrillus, Fig. 9D, and S. chalybeius – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 16d) and from those of S. maculatus and S. loxodonta by the deep, large quadrangular depression anterior to CO (Figs 13D, 14C) (shallow, subtriangular depression in S. maculatus and S. loxodonta – Figs 19D, 46C).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition in reference to the monotypic genus Tremarctos Gervais, 1855, represented by the spectacled bear from South America, since the general conformation of the epigynum (as in Fig. 8D) resembles a bear head in frontal view.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>ECUADOR • ♂; Napo, Yanayacu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.89036&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.5993889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.89036/lat -0.5993889)">Cantón Quijos</a>; 00°35′57.8″ S, 77°53′25.3″ W; elev. 2132 m; 23–30 Nov. 2009; A.B. Bonaldo leg.; QCAZI 280513.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>ECUADOR • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; QCAZI 280514 • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; MPEG 40000.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (holotype – QCAZI 280513)</p><p>COLORATION. Cephalothorax red-brown. Legs orange. Abdomen dorsally gray with orange muscular impressions, light gray ventrally (Fig. 12A). Sternum with deep sternal excavations (Fig. 12C).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.76. Carapace 3.42 long, 2.66 wide. Clypeus 0.23. Leg measurements: I: femur 3.00/ patella 1.24/ tibia 2.70/ metatarsus 2.45/ tarsus 1.49/ total 10.88; II: 2.95/ 1.12/ 2.38/ 2.10/ 1.47/ 10.02; III: 2.00/ 1.05/ 1.88/ 2.13/ 1.08/ 8.14; IV: 2.81/ 1.15/ 2.58/ 3.07/ 1.32/ 10.93. Eye diameters: AME 0.23, ALE 0.21, PME 0.18, PLE 0.21. Chelicerae 1.67 long, with three promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1r-1r-0; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-12.</p><p>PALP. Retrolateral surface of femur and patella with a cluster of modified hairs, vVL with three modified hairs on the apex, dVL glabrous and not protuding, AS triangular in retrolateral view and shifted dorsally, DL reduced, spermophor situated prolaterally, TP1 short and pointed, situated medially on tegulum, embolus short and slightly curved in retrolateral view, VTA longer than broad in ventral view (Figs 13A– C, 14A–B).</p><p>Female (paratype – MPEG 40000)</p><p>COLORATION. As in male, except pedipalps orange-brown (Fig. 12B). Sternum with excavations as in male (Fig. 12D).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 7.90. Carapace 3.18 long, 2.65 wide. Clypeus 0.28. Eye diameters: AME 0.22, ALE 0.19, PME 0.21, PLE 0.19. Chelicerae 1.56 long, with three promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.94/ patella 1.26/ tibia 2.49/ metatarsus 2.30/ tarsus 1.39/ total 10.38; II: 2.83/ 1.27/ 2.28/ 2.12/ 1.34/ 9.84; III: 2.39/ 1.13/ 1.88/ 2/ 1.15/ 8.55; IV: 3.06/ 1.19/ 2.53/ 3.02/ 1.22/ 11.02.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r, v1r-1r-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-1, p0-1- 1, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-1.</p><p>EPIGYNUM. Copulatory opening circular, posteriorly situated in relation to spermathecae, anterior margin not delimited and depressed, depression anterior to CO deep, triangular, VEP present, PVP covering up to the first half of SI, secondary spermathecae elongated (Figs 13D–E, 14C–D).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 51).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFF8AFF96FDAEFBEDFD43FE13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFF86FF93FDACFDBFFD43F932.text	03C887CAFF86FF93FDACFDBFFD43F932.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus mandrillus Xavier & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2025	<div><p>Stethorrhagus mandrillus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7761DFE2-F531-4457-8D98-5158A480DFF6</p><p>Figs 15–17, 49</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. mandrillus sp. nov. resembles those of S. tremarctos sp. nov. by the glabrous dVL and AS large, laminar, shifted dorsally (Figs 13A–C, 14A–B, 16A–C, 17A–B). They can be readily distinguished by the AS diamond-shaped in retrolateral view, by the absence of a SeRP and by the VTA bulging (Figs 16A–C, 24A–B) (AS triangular in retrolateral view, embolus inserted between SePP and SeRP and VTA not bulging in S. tremarctos – Figs 13A–C, 14A–B). Females resemble those of S. chalybeius by the anterior margin of the CO delimited by a protruding lip, differing by the lip being entire (Fig. 16D), whereas the lip is divided into two humps in S. chalybeius (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 16d).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition in reference to the primate genus Mandrillus Ritgen, 1824, since the general conformation of the epigynum (as in Fig. 16D) resembles a mandrill monkey head in frontal view.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>ECUADOR • ♂; Napo, Yanayacu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.89036&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.5993889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.89036/lat -0.5993889)">Cantón Quijos</a>; 00°35′57.8″ S, 77°53′25.3″ W; elev. 2132 m; 23–30 Nov. 2009; A.B. Bonaldo leg.; QCAZI 280515.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>ECUADOR • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; MPEG 40001 • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; QCAZI 280516 • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; MPEG 40002.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (holotype – QCAZI 280515)</p><p>COLORATION. Carapace orange-brown (Fig. 15A). Chelicerae orange. Endites, labium and sternum yellow. Legs yellow with distal area of patellae, tibiae and metatarsi gray. Abdomen dark gray dorsally and cream ventrally (Fig. 15A). Sternum with deep sternal excavations (Fig. 15C).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.00. Carapace 2.96 long, 2.25 wide. Clypeus 0.28. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.49/ patella 1.07/ tibia 2.07/ metatarsus 1.94/ tarsus 1.27/ total 8.84; II: 2.24/ 0.99/ 1.92/ 1.85/ 1.26/ 8.26; III: 1.78/ 0.82/ 1.48/ 1.87/ 1.03/ 6.98; IV: 2.55/ 1.02/ 2.13/ 2.64/ 1.18/ 9.52. Eye diameters: AME 0.19, ALE 0.17, PME 0.15, PLE 0.16. Chelicerae 1.31 long, with three promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v0-1r-1r; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-1, p0, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r0-0-1, v1p-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-0- 1, r0-0-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-1p-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1.</p><p>PALP. Retrolateral surface of femur and patella with cluster of modified hairs, vVL with four modified hairs on apex, dVL glabrous and not protruding, AS diamond-shaped in retrolateral view and shifted dorsally, DL reduced, spermophor situated prolaterally, SeRP absent, TP1 short, conical, situated on distal fold of spermophor, TP2 absent, embolus short and slightly curved in retrolateral view, VTA longer than broad in ventral view (Figs 13A–C, 14A–B).</p><p>Female (paratype – MPEG 40002)</p><p>COLORATION. As in male, except labium and endites orange, sternum yellow with brown borders (Fig. 15B). Sternum with sternal excavations smaller than the male (Fig. 15D).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.20. Carapace 2.82 long, 2.11 wide. Clypeus 0.24. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.26/ patella 0.88/ tibia 1.84/ metatarsus 1.80/ tarsus 1.20/ total 7.98; II: 2.21/ 0.85/ 1.78/ 1.74/ 1.16/ 7.74; III: 1.92/ 0.84/ 1.36/ 1.60/ 0.83/ 6.55; IV: 2.30/ 0.85/ 1.91/ 2.19/ 1.07/ 8.32. Eye diameters: AME 0.19, ALE 0.17, PME 0.16, PLE 0.16. Chelicerae 1.26 long, with three promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1p-2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1r-1r-0; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-2-1.</p><p>EPIGYNUM. Copulatory opening circular, situated posteriorly in relation to spermathecae, anterior margin not delimited and depressed, depression anterior to CO deep, triangular, VEP present, PVP covering up the first half of SI, wider than long (Figs 13D–E, 14C–D).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 49).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFF86FF93FDACFDBFFD43F932	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFF82FFAFFDB2FEB7FE2CFAA2.text	03C887CAFF82FFAFFDB2FEB7FE2CFAA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus loxodonta Xavier & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2025	<div><p>Stethorrhagus loxodonta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B84568EA-9D11-4EF3-9E05-FDCF81C5D085</p><p>Figs 18–20, 51</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. loxodonta sp. nov. resemble those of S. planada, S. hyula and S. sylvilagus sp. nov. by the combined presence of a bifid VL and by the dVL not protruding, covered by long, thick modified hairs (Figs 19A–C, 20A–B, 21C–E, 22C–E, 25A–B, 26A–B; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 16b, 19b), differing by the SePP and embolus geminated at the base (Figs 19A, 20A) (SePP and embolus separated at base in S. planada, S. hyula and S. sylvilagus – Figs 21C, 22C, 25A, 26A; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 16a, 19a). Females resemble those of S. tremarctos sp. nov. and S. maculatus by the CO circular, disposed posteriorly in relation to SI, and the anterior margin of CO not delimited by a lip (Figs 13D–E, 19D–E, 14C–D, 20C–D, 46B–C). They differ from those of S. tremarctos by the depression anterior to the CO shallow, sub-triangular (Figs 19D, 20C) whereas it is deep, quadrangular in S. tremarctos (Figs 13D, 14C), and from those of S. maculatus by the VEP lateral margins curved, converging anteriorly, whereas it is straight, diverging anteriorly in S. maculatus (Fig. 46C).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition in reference to the Elephantidae Gray, 1821 genus Loxodonta Cuvier, 1825, since the general conformation of the epigynum (as in Fig. 19D) resembles an African elephant head in frontal view.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>COLOMBIA • ♂; Boiacá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.46166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.7197223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.46166/lat 5.7197223)">SFF de Iguoque</a>, Camisal; [5°43′11″ N, 73°27′42″ W]; elev. 2900 m; 9 Jun. 2001; E. Flórez and V. Rodríguez leg.; ICN-Ar 1237.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>COLOMBIA – Boiacá • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; ICN-Ar 13739 • 2 ♀♀; same data as for holotype; elev. 2810 m; 13 Jun. 2002; J. Vulpeda leg.; ICN-Ar 1902. – Cundinamarca • 1 ♂; Páramo de Chingaza; [5°43′11″ N, 73°27′42″ W]; elev. 3100 m; 19 Oct. 2010; C. Valderrama leg.; MPEG 40003 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 1 Oct. 1986; in a house; IBSP 345758.</p><p>Other material</p><p>COLOMBIA – Cundinamarca • 1 ♂; Bogotá, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.3075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.5419445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.3075/lat 6.5419445)">Embalse de Chisaco</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.3075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.5419445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.3075/lat 6.5419445)">El Hato</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.3075&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.5419445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.3075/lat 6.5419445)">Usme</a>; [6°32′31″ N, 73°18′27″ W]; Aug. 2008; J.E. Díaz leg; IBSP 221888.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (holotype – ICN Ar-1237)</p><p>COLORATION. Carapace, chelicerae, endites and labium brown (Fig. 18A). Sternum orange, darker at anterior border (Fig. 18C). Legs orange-brown. Abdomen dorsally brown, with four white central spots, ventrally gray (Fig. 18A). Sternum with deep sternal excavations (Fig. 18C).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 7.32. Carapace 3.25 long, 2.60 wide. Clypeus 0.31. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.74/ patella 1.12/ tibia 2.60/ metatarsus 2.43/ tarsus 1.47/ total 10.36; II: 2.67/ 1.12/ 2.34/ 2.33/ 1.36/ 9.82; III: 2.33/ 1.02/ 1.97/ 2.18/ 1.10/ 8.60; IV: 3.13/ 1.11/ 2.78/ 3.55/ 1.29/ 11.86. Eye diameters: AME 0.22, ALE 0.19, PME 0.17, PLE 0.19. Chelicerae 1.55 long, with three promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-1-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v0-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-1.</p><p>PALP. RTA discreetly bilobed, noticeable by the tufts of modified setae at different apices (vVL and dVL), VTA longer than wide, with proximal surface about seven times smaller than distal surface, spermophor situated prolaterally, SePP and embolus geminated at base, embolus short, not curved, TP1 bilobated and projected (visible in retrolateral view), situated on distal fold of the spermophor, TP2 small and subtriangular (Figs 19A–C, 20A–B).</p><p>Female (paratype, MPEG 40003)</p><p>COLORATION. As in male (Fig. 18B). Sternum with sternal excavations as in male (Fig. 18D).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 9.35. Carapace 3.57 long, 2.80 wide. Clypeus 0.27. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.78/ patella 1.23/ tibia 2.60/ metatarsus 2.25/ tarsus 1.47/ total 10.33; II: 2.76/ 1.30/ 2.33/ 2.25/ 1.37/ 10.01; III: 2.63/ 1.21/ 2.05/ 2.37/ 1.25/ 9.51; IV: 3.32/ 1.30/ 3.0/ 3.56/ 1.43/ 12.61. Eye diameters: AME 0.21, ALE 0.19, PME 0.18, PLE 0.19. Chelicerae 1.83 long, with three promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1r-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-0, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1.</p><p>EPIGYNUM. CO circular and disposed posteriorly in relation to SI, anterior margin of CO not delimited and depressed, depression anterior to CO shallow, subtriangular, VEP lateral margins curved, converging anteriorly, placed posteriorly on epigynal plate, PVP wider, two times the distance between the anterior and posterior margins, covering SI, copulatory duct relatively short, from CO to posterior margin of VEP (Figs 19D–E, 20C–D).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Colombia (Fig. 51).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFF82FFAFFDB2FEB7FE2CFAA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFFBFFFADFE0BFA2FFE2CFE98.text	03C887CAFFBFFFADFE0BFA2FFE2CFE98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus planada Bonaldo & Brescovit 1994	<div><p>Stethorrhagus planada Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>Figs 21, 51</p><p>Stethorrhagus planada Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994: 56, figs 17a–b, 18a–c, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. planada resemble those of S. loxodonta sp. nov., S. hyula and S. sylvilagus sp. nov. by the combined presence of a bifid VL and by the dVL not protruding, covered by long, thick modified hairs (Fig. 21D–E; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 17b, 19b), differing from those of S. loxodonta by the SePP and embolus separated at base (Fig. 21C) (SePP and embolus geminated at base in S. loxodonta – Fig. 20A) and from those of S. hyula and S. sylvilagus by the TP1 represented by a wide, serrated keel (Fig. 21C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 17b) (TP1 tooth-like in S. hyula and S. sylvilagus – Figs 22D, 25A, 26A; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 19a). Females resemble those of S. callithrix sp. nov., S. sylvilagus and S. sciurus sp. nov. by the epigynum with VEP, CO disposed anteriorly in relation to SI, with U-shaped posterior margin, differing by the sub-rectangular VEP, placed medially on the epigynal plate (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 18a) (VEP gently procurved, placed posteriorly on the epigynal plate in S. callithrix, S. sylvilagus and S. sciurus – Figs 25C, 26C, 32C, 33C, 43C–D).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>COLOMBIA • ♂; Nariño, Ricaurte, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.97977&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.1539166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.97977/lat 1.1539166)">Reserva Natural de La Planada</a>; [01°09′14.10″ N, 77°58′47.16″ W]; elev. 1850 m; 6 Dec. 1991; C. Valderrama A. leg.; MCN 24050 (not re-examined).</p><p>Paratype</p><p>COLOMBIA • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; MCN 24050 (not re-examined).</p><p>Description</p><p>Male and female, see Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit (1994: 49). Additional documentation of the male in Fig. 21.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Colombia (Fig. 51).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFFBFFFADFE0BFA2FFE2CFE98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFFBDFFABFE19FEC8FE2CFE0B.text	03C887CAFFBDFFABFE19FEC8FE2CFE0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus hyula Bonaldo & Brescovit 1994	<div><p>Stethorrhagus hyula Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994</p><p>Figs 22–23, 50</p><p>Stethorrhagus hyula Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit, 1994: 57, fig. 19a–d, ♂ ♀.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. hyula resemble those of S. loxodonta sp. nov., S. planada and S. sylvilagus sp. nov. by the presence of a bifid VL and by the dVL not protruding, covered by long, thick modified hairs (Figs 19B, 21E, 22E, 25B, 26B; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 17b, 19b), differing from those of S. loxodonta by the SePP and embolus separated at base (Fig. 37C–D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 19a) (SePP and embolus geminated at base in S. loxodonta – Fig. 10A); from those of S. planada by the tooth-like TP1 (Fig. 21C–D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 19a–b) (TP1 represented by a wide, serrated keel in S. planada – Fig. 21C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 17a–b), and from those of S. sylvilagus, by the TP1 curved, pointing prolaterally (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 19a) (TP1 straight, pointing apically in S. sylvilagus – Figs 25A, 26A). Females are similar to those of S. roraimae, S. nigrinus and S. papilio sp. nov. by the epigynal plate without VEP, with CO disposed anteriorly in relation to SI (Figs 7C, 23C–D, 44C–D, 45C–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 19a, 23a), differing by the presence of a posterior median half-moon-shaped sclerotization on the ventral epigynal plate (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 19c) (ventral epigynal plate without such a sclerotization in S. roraimae, S. nigrinus and S. papilio – Figs 7E–F, 44C–D, 45C–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 23s).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>COLOMBIA • ♂; Huila, Resina; 1°55′ N, 75°42′ W; elev. 1600 m; 8 Jun. 1956; H. Sturm leg.; MCZ 34655 (re-examined from photos).</p><p>Paratype</p><p>COLOMBIA • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; MCZ 34656 (re-examined from photos).</p><p>Description</p><p>Male and female, see Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit (1994: 49). Additional documentation in Figs 22–23.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Colombia (Fig. 50).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFFBDFFABFE19FEC8FE2CFE0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFFBBFFA8FDB2FE57FD43F86B.text	03C887CAFFBBFFA8FDB2FE57FD43F86B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus sylvilagus Xavier & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2025	<div><p>Stethorrhagus sylvilagus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 253618EB-1F11-4270-962F-FC31BAF8E73C</p><p>Figs 24–26, 51</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. sylvilagus sp. nov. resemble those of S. loxodonta sp. nov., S. planada and S. hyula by the presence of a bifid VL and by the dVL not protruding, covered by long, thick modified hairs (Figs 19B, 21E, 22E, 25B, 26B; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 17b, 19b), differing by the presence of a mVL. Particularly, they differ from those of S. loxodonta by the SePP and embolus separated at the base (SePP and embolus geminated at base in S. loxodonta – Fig. 19A); from those of S. planada by the tooth-like TP1 (Figs 25A, 26A) (TP1 represented by a wide, serrated keel in S. planada – Fig. 21C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 17a) and from those of S. hyula, by the TP1 straight, pointing apically (Figs 25A, 26A) (TP1 curved, pointing prolaterally in S. hyula – Fig. 22D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 19a). Females resemble those of S. callithrix sp. nov., S. planada and S. sciurus sp. nov. by the epigynum with VEP, CO disposed anteriorly in relation to SI, with a U-shaped posterior margin (Fig. 26C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 18a). They differ from those of S. planada by the VEP gently procurved, placed posteriorly on epigynal plate (Fig. 25C) (VEP sub-rectangular, placed medially on epigynal plate in S. planada – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 18a); from those of S. callithrix by the CD relatively short (from CO to posterior margin of VEP, less than four times longer than the CO width – Fig. 25C) (in S. callithrix, long, more than six times longer than the CO width – Fig. 32C) and from those of S. sciurus by the bulging area between the posterior margin of VEP and the posterior margin of the epigynal ventral plate (Fig. 25C) (depressed in S. sciurus – Fig. 43C).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition in reference to the lagomorph genus Sylvilagus Gray, 1867, since the general conformation of the epigynum (as in Fig. 25C) resembles a cottontail rabbit head in frontal view.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>COLOMBIA • ♂; Huila, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.80222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.3766668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.80222/lat 3.3766668)">Parque Nacional Natural Nevado del Huila</a>; [3°22′36”N, 74°48′08″ W]; elev. 3300 m; Sep. 1980; Páez leg., ICN-Ar 1648.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>COLOMBIA – Caldas • 1 ♂; La Termal, Inderena, Belalcázar; elev. 2850 m; Oct. 1980; L. de Arévalo leg., IBSP 221891. – Huila • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; ICN-Ar 13740.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (holotype – ICN-Ar 1648)</p><p>COLORATION. Cephalothorax and legs brown. Abdomen gray with two white central dorsal spots (Fig. 24A). Sternum with deep sternal excavations (Fig. 24C).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 7.36. Carapace 3.50 long, 2.72 wide. Clypeus 0.17. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.83/ patella 1.25/ tibia 2.64/ metatarsus 2.43/ tarsus 1.55/ total 10.70; II: 2.58/ 1.20/ 2.57/ 2.02/ 1.44/ 9.81; III: 2.37/ 1.01/ 1.84/ 2.14/ 1.20/ 8.26; IV: 2.95/ 1.05/ 2.65/ 3.15/ 1.39/ 11.19. Eye diameters: AME 0.19, ALE 0.16, PME 0.17, PLE 0.17. Chelicerae 1.75 long, with three promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1p-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1r-2-0; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-0, p0- 1-0, r0-0-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-1, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1.</p><p>PALP. Retrolateral surface of femur and patellae with a cluster of modified hairs, tufts of modified hairs in vVL and dVL, median projection curved ventrally with subquadrangular tip between vVL and dVL, AS absent, DL reduced, VTA longer than wide, with distal surface C-shaped, spermophor situated prolaterally, TP1 straight, pointing apically, TP2 absent, SePP short, embolus long and curved prolaterally, prongs short (Figs 25A–B, 26A–B).</p><p>Female (paratype – ICN-Ar 13740)</p><p>COLORATION. As in male, except dorsum of abdomen with four central dorsal spots, anterior pair twice the size of posterior pair (Fig. 24B). Sternum with sternal excavations as in male but larger (Fig. 24D).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 11.05. Carapace 4.76 long, 3.67 wide. Clypeus 0.30. Leg measurements: I: femur 4.19/ patella 1.74/ tibia 3.77/ metatarsus 3.25/ tarsus 2.00/ total 15.05; II: 3.77/ 1.79/ 3.43/ 3.40/ 1.97/ 14.36; III: 3.62/ 1.20/ 2.69/ 2.80/ 1.55/ 11.86; IV: 4.42/ 1.76/ 3.90/ 5.08/ 1.96/ 17.12. Eye diameters: AME 0.27, ALE 0.22, PME 0.26, PLE 0.22. Chelicerae 2.19 long, with three promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1r-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1p-2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1- 1-1, p0-1-1, r1-1-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1.</p><p>EPIGYNUM. Copulatory aperture U-shaped along posterior margin, CO disposed anteriorly in relation to spermathecae, VEP gently procurved, placed posteriorly on epigynal plate, area between posterior margin of VEP and posterior margin of epigynal plate bulging, PVP wider than long, covering SI, copulatory duct relatively short, from CO to posterior margin of VEP, less than four times longer than CO width (Figs 25C–D, 26C–D).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 51).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFFBBFFA8FDB2FE57FD43F86B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFFB7FFA6FDA0FEB7FE21FD52.text	03C887CAFFB7FFA6FDA0FEB7FE21FD52.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus duidae Gertsch 1942	<div><p>Stethorrhagus duidae Gertsch, 1942</p><p>Figs 27, 49</p><p>Stethorrhagus duidae Gertsch, 1942: 12, fig. 37, ♂.</p><p>Stethorrhagus duidae – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: 59, figs 20a–b, 21a.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. duidae resemble those of S. ovis sp. nov. by the VL bifid, dVL protruding and both vVL and dVL glabrous, without thick modified hairs (Fig. 27B–D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 20b). They differ by the vVL long, bifid in the distal third, the presence of AS, and by the embolus wide-based, with SePP not protruding, with reduced apical prongs (Fig. 27C–D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 20a–b) (vVL short, entire, AS absent, embolus narrow-based, with protruding SePP and well-developed apical prongs in S. ovis – Figs 29A–B, 30A–B).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>VENEZUELA • ♂; Amazonas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.626114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.5133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.626114/lat 3.5133333)">summit of Mt Duida</a>; [3°30′48″ N, 65°37′34″ W]; Tate leg.; AMNH (re-examined from photos).</p><p>Description</p><p>Male, see Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit (1994: 59). Female unknown. Additional documentation of the male holotype in Fig. 27.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Venezuela (Fig. 49).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFFB7FFA6FDA0FEB7FE21FD52	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFFB6FFA3FD96FD7EFD43F97C.text	03C887CAFFB6FFA3FD96FD7EFD43F97C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus ovis Xavier & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2025	<div><p>Stethorrhagus ovis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8B57BFF7-EB80-4209-863E-D265249B961A</p><p>Figs 28–30, 51</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. ovis sp. nov. resemble those of S. duidae by the VL bifid, dVL protruding and both vVL and dVL glabrous, without thick modified hairs (Figs 27B–D, 29A–B, 30A–B; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 20b). They differ by the vVL short and entire AS absent, the embolus narrow-based, with protruding SePP and well-developed apical prongs (Figs 29A–B, 30A–B) (vVL long, bifid in the distal third, AS present, and by the embolus wide-based, with SePP not protruding, with reduced apical prongs in S. duidae – Fig. 27C–D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 20a–b). Females resemble those of S. canis sp. nov. and S. felis sp. nov. by the CO slit-shaped, disposed posteriorly in relation to SI (Figs 29C–D, 30C–D, 36C–D). They differ from those of S. canis by the CO relatively small (width five times smaller than the distance between CO and posterior margin of epigynal plate), placed on the anterior half of the epigynal plate (Figs 29C, 30C) (CO large, as wide as the distance between CO and posterior margin of epigynal plate in S. canis, placed on the posterior half of the epigynal plate in S. canis – Fig. 47C, E) and from those of S. felis by the VEP posterior margin nearly straight (Figs 29C, 30C), whereas it is procurved in S. felis (Fig. 36C).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition in reference to the bovid genus Ovis Linnaeus, 1758, since the general conformation of the epigynum (as in Fig. 29C) resembles a sheep head in frontal view.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>ECUADOR • ♂; Cotopaxi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.997635&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.41888887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.997635/lat -0.41888887)">Bosque Integral Otonga</a>, 4.5 km S of San Francisco de Las Pampas; 0°25′8.0″ S, 78°59′51.5″ W; elev. 1625 m; 8 Dec. 2009; A.B. Bonaldo leg., QCAZI 280517.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>ECUADOR • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; MPEG 40708.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (holotype – QCAZI 280517)</p><p>COLORATION. Cephalothorax red-brown. Legs red-brown with coxae and tarsi yellowish. Abdomen with orange muscular impressions (Fig. 28A). Sternum with deep sternal excavations (Fig. 28C).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.32. Carapace 2.18 long, 1.69 wide. Clypeus 0.16. Eye diameters: AME 0.15, ALE 0.14, PME 0.13, PLE 0.14. Chelicerae 0.85 long, with three promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles Leg measurements: I: femur 1.86/ patella 0.70/ tibia 1.62/ metatarsus 1.43/ tarsus 1.04/ total 6.65; II: absent; III: 1.53/ 0.57/ 1.20/ 1.44/ 0.89/ 5.63; IV: 1.93/ 0.64/ 1.60/ 2.20/ 0.98/ 7.35.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1p-2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – Missing. III – femur d1-1-1, p0, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v0-1p-1r; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-0-1. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0-0-1, v0-0-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-0-1.</p><p>PALP. RTA with vVL and dVL glabrous, vVL apex straight in retrolateral view, dVL apex subtriangular in retrolateral view, AS absent, DL small, triangular, visible in dorsal view, VTA longer than wide, with narrowing between proximal and distal part visible in ventral view, spermophor situated prolaterally, TP1 small and rounded in ventral view, TP2 absent, SePP short, embolus short and slightly curved dorsally, visible in retrolateral view. (Figs 29A–B, 30A–B).</p><p>Female (paratype – MPEG 40708)</p><p>COLORATION. As in male, except abdomen dark gray (Fig. 28B). Sternum with sternal excavations as in male but larger (Fig. 28D).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.40. Carapace 2.58 long, 2.06 wide. Clypeus 1.17. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.20/ patella 0.93/ tibia 2.02/ metatarsus 1.74/ tarsus 1.15/ total 8.04; II: 2.04/ 0.92/ 1.82/ 1.72/ 1.09/ 7.59; III: 1.98/ 0.67/ 1.48/ 1.66/ 1.01/ 6.80; IV: 2.31/ 0.94/ 2.12/ 2.54/ 1.06/ 8.97. Eye diameters: AME 0.19, ALE 0.18, PME 0.16, PLE 0.16. Chelicerae 1.17 long, with three promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1p-2-2-3; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2- 0. II – femur d1-1-1, p0, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v0-1r-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0-1-0, r0-1-1, v0-1-2; metatarsus d0, p0-1-2, r0-1-2, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-1p-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1.</p><p>EPIGYNUM. CO slit-shaped, disposed posteriorly in relation to spermathecae, PVP wider, three times the distance between the anterior and posterior margins, covering SI, SII elongated, copulatory duct relatively short, from CO to posterior margin of PVP (about four times smaller than the PVP width) (Figs 29C–D, 30C–D).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 51).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFFB6FFA3FD96FD7EFD43F97C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFFB3FFBFFDB6F963FD43FC5D.text	03C887CAFFB3FFBFFDB6F963FD43FC5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus callithrix Xavier & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2025	<div><p>Stethorrhagus callithrix sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E70E900E-0627-459D-A648-9BA96D0FD16C</p><p>Figs 31–33, 51</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. callithrix sp. nov. resemble those of S. felis sp. nov. and S. bradypus sp. nov. by the bifid VL, with thick modified hairs in both vVL and dVL, and dVL protruding (Fig. 33B), differing by the SePP with a pointed tip directed retrolaterally (Figs 32A–B, 33A–B) (SePP with a blunt tip directed apically in both S. felis and S. bradypus – Figs 35A–C, 38A, 36A–B, 39A–C). Females resemble those of S. sylvilagus sp. nov., S. planada and S. sciurus sp. nov. by the epigynum with VEP, CO disposed anteriorly in relation to SI, with U-shaped posterior margin (Figs 32C, 33C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 18a). They differ from those of S. planada by the VEP gently procurved, placed posteriorly on the epigynal plate (Fig. 33C) (VEP sub-rectangular, placed medially on the epigynal plate in S. planada – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 18a) and from those of S. sylvilagus and S. sciurus by the CD relatively long (from CO to posterior margin of VEP, more than six times longer than the CO width, Fig. 33D) (CD relatively short, from CO to posterior margin of VEP, less than four times longer than the CO width in both S. sylvilagus and S. sciurus – Figs 26D, 43F).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition in reference to the primate genus Callithrix Erxleben, 1777, since the posterior sector of the epigynum (as in Fig. 32C) resembles a marmoset head in frontal view.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>COLOMBIA • ♂; Cauca, Huila, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.92305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.0572221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.92305/lat 3.0572221)">Parque Nacional Natural Nevado de Huila</a>; [3°03′26″ N, 75°55′23″ W]; elev. 3300 m; Sep. 1980; Páez leg.; ICN-Ar 13741.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>COLOMBIA • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; ICN-Ar 13742.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (holotype – ICN-Ar 13741)</p><p>COLORATION. Carapace, chelicerae, endites and labium red-brown (Fig. 31A). Sternum yellow with orange borders, and deep sternal excavations (Fig. 31C). Legs yellow-brown. Abdomen brown with two rows of dorsal white paramedian spots (Fig. 31A).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.94. Carapace 3.36 long, 2.71 wide. Clypeus 0.15. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.84/ patella 1.21/ tibia 2.81/ metatarsus 2.47/ tarsus 1.7/ total 11.03; II: 2.70/ 1.11/ 2.32/ 2.28/ 1.68/ 10.09; III: 2.56/ 1.10/ 1.90/ 2.33/ 1.17/ 9.06; IV: 3.35/ 1.18/ 2.81/ 3.47/ 1.61/ 12.42. Eye diameters: AME 0.20, ALE 0.19, PME 0.19, PLE 0.18. Chelicerae 1.81 long, with three promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1p-2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v0-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-1p-2. III – femur d1-1-1, p1-1-1, r0-1-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1.</p><p>PALP. RTA with vVL and dVL with modified hairs, dVL longer than vVL, AS present and separated from VL, DL reduced, VTA longer than wide, spermophor situated prolaterally, TP1 bilobated and serrated, situated abovedistal fold of spermophor, TP2 absent, SePP with pointed tip directed retrolaterally, embolus long, curved prolaterally in ventral view and curved dorsally in retrolateral view, prongs long and curved apically (Figs 32A–B, 33A–B).</p><p>Female (paratype – ICN-Ar 13742)</p><p>COLORATION. As in male (Fig. 31B). Sternum with sternal excavations as in male (Fig. 31D).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 9.02. Carapace 3.43 long, 2.65 wide. Clypeus 0.19. femur 2.89/ patella 1.26/ tibia 2.57/ metatarsus 2.36/ tarsus 1.52/ total 10.60; II: 2.88/ 1.18/ 2.35/ 2.12/ 1.50/ 9.95; III: 2.68/ 1.08/ 1.93/ 2.19/ 1.26/ 9.14; IV: 3.41/ 1.28/ 3.01/ 3.63/ 1.43/ 12.76. Eye diameters: AME 0.23, ALE 0.2, PME 0.20, PLE 0.21. Chelicerae 1.48 long, with three promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1p-2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1r-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – IV - femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-1.</p><p>EPIGYNUM. CO disposed anteriorly in relation to spermathecae, copulatory aperture U-shaped along posterior margin, VEP gently procurved, placed posteriorly on epigynal plate, PVP wider than long, covering ⅔ of SI, PVP with slightly procurved notch along anterior margin, copulatory duct relatively long, with reinforcement rods anterior to CO (Figs 32C–D, 33C–D).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 51).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFFB3FFBFFDB6F963FD43FC5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFFAFFFBBFD97FC05FD43FD4C.text	03C887CAFFAFFFBBFD97FC05FD43FD4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus felis Xavier & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2025	<div><p>Stethorrhagus felis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 522B0411-CBC9-4F56-B0EC-D4D10DE8878D</p><p>Figs 34–36, 50</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. felis sp. nov. resemble those of S. callithrix sp. nov. and S. bradypus sp. nov. by the bifid VL, with thick modified hairs in both vVL and dVL, and dVL protruding (Figs 32A–B, 33A–B, 35A–C, 36A–B, 38A–C, 39A–C). They differ from those of S. callithrix by the SePP with a blunt tip directed apically (Figs 35A–C, 36A–B) (SePP with a pointed tip directed retrolaterally in S. callithrix – Figs 32A– B, 33A–B) and from those of S. bradypus by the tibia with a DL and tegulum with TP1 (both DL and TP1 absent in S. bradypus – Figs 38A–C, 39A–C). Females resemble those of S. canis sp. nov. and S. ovis sp. nov. by the CO slit-shaped, disposed posteriorly in relation to SI (Figs 35D–E, 36C–D). They differ from those of S. canis by the CO relatively small (as wide as five times the distance between CO and posterior margin of the epigynal plate), placed on the anterior half of the epigynal plate (Figs 35D, 36C) (CO large, as wide as the distance between CO and posterior margin of epigynal plate, placed on the posterior half of the epigynal plate in S. canis – Fig. 47C–F) and from those of S. ovis by the VEP posterior margin procurved (Figs 35D, 36C) (VEP posterior margin nearly straight in S. ovis – Figs 29C, 30C).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition in reference to the carnivore genus Felis Linnaeus, 1758, since the general conformation of the epigynum (as in Fig. 35D) resembles a cat head in frontal view.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>ECUADOR • ♂; Napo, Yanayacu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.89036&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.5993889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.89036/lat -0.5993889)">Cantón Quijos</a>; 00°35′57.8″ S, 77°53′25.3″ W; elev. 2132 m; 23–30 Nov. 2009; A.B. Bonaldo leg.; QCAZI 280518.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>ECUADOR • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; QCAZI 280519 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; QCAZI 280520 • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; MPEG 40144 • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; MPEG 40145.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (holotype – QCAZI 280518)</p><p>COLORATION. Carapace, chelicerae, endites and labium red-brown. Legs yellow. Abdomen brown with two rows of six white spots in the dorsal posterior third (Fig. 34A). Ventrally cream with longitudinal brownish band. Sternum brown with deep sternal excavations (Fig. 34C).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.07. Carapace 2.84 long, 2.30 wide. Clypeus 0.26. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.57/ patella 1.10/ tibia 2.33/ metatarsus 2.25/ tarsus 1.34/ total 9.59; II: 2.28/ 1.03/ 1.87/ 1.92/ 1.17/ 8.27; III: 1.80/ 0.86/ 1.47/ 1.70/ 0.93/ 6.76; IV: 2.60/ 0.99/ 2.15/ 2.65/ 1.08/ 9.47. Eye diameters: AME 0.16, ALE 0.15, PME 0.15, PLE 0.15. Chelicerae 1.46 long, with three promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1p-2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v0-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1.</p><p>PALP. RTA with vVL and dVL with modified hairs, dVL and vVL almost the same size in retrolateral view, AS absent, DL reduced, VTA longer than wide, with distal surface about ten times longer than proximal surface, spermophor situated ventro-prolaterally, TP1 small, situated prolaterally in distal fold of the spermophor, TP2 absent, SePP with blunt tip directed apically, embolus long and not curved. RTA bilobated with modified setae on the apex of both lobes, VTA longer than wide (Figs 35A–C, 36A–B).</p><p>Female (paratype – QCAZI 280519)</p><p>COLORATION. As in male, except abdomen totally gray ventrally (Fig. 34B). Sternum with sternal excavations as in male (Fig. 34D).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 8.18. Carapace 2.90 long, 2.30 wide. Clypeus 0.23. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.33/ patella 1.13/ tibia 2.07/ metatarsus 1.88/ tarsus 1.18/ total 8.59; II: 2.32/ 0.99/ 1.83/ 1.79/ 1.09/ 8.02; III: 1.76/ 0.97/ 1.46/ 1.78/ 0.96/ 7.93; IV: 2.56/ 1.13/ 2.19/ 2.57/ 1.14/ 9.59. Eye diameters: AME 0.17, ALE 0.14, PME 0.15, PLE 0.14. Chelicerae 1.65 long, with three promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1p-2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-0-0, p0, r0, tibia d0, p0, r0, v1r-2-2-0; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1.</p><p>EPIGYNUM. CO disposed anteriorly in relation to spermathecae, CO U-shaped along posterior margin, VEP gently procurved, placed posteriorly on epigynal plate, PVP wider than long, covering ⅔ of SI, PVP two times the distance between anterior and posterior margins, PVP with slightly procurved notch on anterior margin, copulatory duct relatively long, with reinforcement nods anteriorly to CO (Figs 35D–E, 36C–D).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 51).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFFAFFFBBFD97FC05FD43FD4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFFABFFB7FDB6FD14FD03FD4C.text	03C887CAFFABFFB7FDB6FD14FD03FD4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus bradypus Xavier & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2025	<div><p>Stethorrhagus bradypus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6FDB40FD-2AEC-431D-A75B-665D8B5ED9F6</p><p>Figs 37–39, 50</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. bradypus sp. nov. resemble those of S. callithrix sp. nov. and S. felis sp. nov. by the bifid VL, with thick modified hairs in both vVL and dVL, and dVL protruding (Figs 32A–B, 33A–B, 35A–C, 36A–B, 38A–C, 39A–C). They differ from those of S. callithrix by the SePP with a blunt tip directed apically (Figs 38A–B, 39A–C) (SePP with a pointed tip directed retrolaterally in S. callithrix – Figs 32A– B, 33A–B) and from those of S. felis by the absence of both DL on the RTA and TP 1 in the tegulum (RTA with a dorsal lobe and tegulum with TP 1 in S. felis – Figs 35A–C, 36A–B). Females resemble those of S. naja sp. nov. by the epigynum with VEP, CO disposed anteriorly in relation to SI, with a straight posterior margin (Figs 38D–E, 39D–E), differing by the VEP placed medially on the epigynal plate; SI extended anteriorly, with long FDs inserted on the SI’s extension, beyond the level of the CO (Figs 38D–E, 39D–E) (VEP placed posteriorly on the epigynal plate; SI not extended anteriorly, below the level of the CO in S. naja – Fig. 42D–E).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition in reference to the bradypodid genus Bradypus Linnaeus, 1758, since the general conformation of the epigynum (as in Fig. 38D) resembles a sloth head in frontal view.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>COLOMBIA • ♂; Quindío, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.79361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.3530555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.79361/lat 4.3530555)">Valle del Cauca</a>, 21 km E of Calcara; [4°21′11″ N, 75°47′37″ W]; elev. 10000 feet; 6–11 Feb. 1974; S.J. Peck. leg.; MCZ-IZ 170622.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>COLOMBIA • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; MCZ-IZ 170623 • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; MCZ-IZ 170624 • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; MCZ-IZ 170625 • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; MCZ-IZ 170626.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (holotype – MCZ-IZ 170622)</p><p>COLORATION. Carapace and chelicerae red-brown (Fig. 37A). Endites, labium, sternum and legs deep orange. Abdomen gray with dark anterior stain (Fig. 37A). Sternum with deep sternal excavations (Fig. 37C).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 7.02. Carapace 3.29 long, 2.65 wide. Clypeus 0.27. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.75/ patella 1.19/ tibia 2.44/ metatarsus 2.27/ tarsus 1.45/ total 10.10; II: 2.65/ 1.25/ 2.17/ 2.11/ 1.42/ 9.60; III: 2.57/ 1.07/ 1.81/ 2.04/ 1.17/ 8.66; IV: 2.93/ 1.24/ 2.54/ 3.27/ 1.38/ 11.36. Eye diameters: AME 0.19, ALE 0.20, PME 0.21, PLE 0.19. Chelicerae 1.84 long, with three promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1p-2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1r-2-1r; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1- 1-0, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1.</p><p>PALP. Retrolateral surface of femur and patella with cluster of modified hairs, RTA with vVL and dVL with modified hairs, vVL larger than dVL, AS absent, DL absent, VTA slightly larger than long in ventral view, spermophor situated ventrally, TP1 and TP2 absent, SePP with blunt tip directed apically, embolus long, gently curved prolaterally in ventral view, prongs long (Figs 38A–C, 39A–C).</p><p>Female (paratype – MCZ-IZ 170623)</p><p>COLORATION. As in male (Fig. 37B). Sternum with sternal excavations as in male (Fig. 37D).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 9.18. Carapace 4.02 long, 3.02 wide. Clypeus 0.24. Leg measurements: I: femur 3.26/ patella 1.45/ tibia 2.83/ metatarsus 2.46/ tarsus 1.63/ total 11.63; II: 3.18/ 1.37/ 2.62/ 2.36/ 1.57/ 11.10; III: 2.67/ 1.28/ 2.16/ 2.48/ 1.35/ 9.94; IV: 3.53/ 1.39/ 3.03/ 3.78/ 1.59/ 13.32. Eye diameters: AME 0.22, ALE 0.21, PME 0.22, PLE 0.22. Chelicerae 2.09 long, with three promarginal teeth and four retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1p-2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v2-2-1r; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-0, p0-1-1, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0-0-1; tibia d0, p0-1-0, r1-1-0, v1r-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-0-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1.</p><p>EPIGYNUM. CO disposed anteriorly to SI, CO with straight posterior margin, VEP placed medially on epigynal plate, PVP wider than long, covering almost entire SI, SI extended anteriorly, long FDs inserted on SI extension beyond CO level, PVP two times the distance between anterior and posterior margins, PVP with slightly procurved notch on anterior margin, CD relatively long, with large reinforcement rods from CO to posterior margin of PVP (Figs 38D–E, 39D–E).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only the type locality (Fig. 50).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFFABFFB7FDB6FD14FD03FD4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFFA7FFB3FD95FD14FD43FD48.text	03C887CAFFA7FFB3FD95FD14FD43FD48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus naja Xavier & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2025	<div><p>Stethorrhagus naja sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5DC82360-F963-408B-B00B-E0673F637CE2</p><p>Figs 40–42, 50</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. naja sp. nov. resemble those of S. chalybeius by the bifid VL, with dVL protuding and thick modified hairs only present on the vVL, dVL glabrous (Fig. 41B–C), differing by the large finger-shaped SePP as long as the embolus, with a blunt tip (Fig. 41A) (SePP smaller than the embolus, comma-shaped, tip pointed in S. chalybeius – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 16a). Females resemble those of S. bradypus sp. nov. by the epigynum with VEP, CO disposed anteriorly in relation to SI, with straight posterior margin (Fig. 41D), differing by the VEP placed posteriorly on the epigynal plate; SI not extended anteriorly, below the level of CO (Figs 41D–E, 42E–F) (VEP placed medially on epigynal plate; SI extended anteriorly, with long FDs inserted on the SI’s extension, (beyond the level of the CO in S. bradypus – Figs 38D–E, 39D–E).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition in reference to the elapid genus Naja Laurenti, 1768, since the anterior sector of the epigynum (as in Fig. 41D) resembles a cobra with spread hood.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>COLOMBIA • ♂; Cundinamarca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.5/lat 4.0)">Parque Nacional Natural de Chingaza</a>; [4°0′ N, 73°30′ W]; elev. 3150 m; 16 Dec. 1997; E. Niao leg.; pitfall; ICN-Ar 6477.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>COLOMBIA – Cundinamarca • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; ICN-Ar 13743 • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; 24 Jan. 1998; Guarda Bosques leg.; ICN-Ar 6470.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (holotype – ICN-Ar 6477)</p><p>COLORATION. Carapace, chelicerae, endites and sternum red-brown (Fig. 40A). Labium orange. Legs brown. Abdomen gray with dorsal muscular impression orange (Fig. 40A). Sternum with deep sternal excavations (Fig. 40C).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.40. Carapace 2.47 long, 1.85 wide. Clypeus 0.22. Leg measurements: I: femur 1.93/ patella 0.77/ tibia 1.53/ metatarsus 1.49/ tarsus 1.19/ total 6.91; II: 1.80/ 0.76/ 1.35/ 1.42/ 1.09/ 6.42; III: 1.55/ 0.64/ 1.08/ 1.40/ 0.82/ 5.49; IV: 2.07/ 0.80/ 1.65/ 2.09/ 0.93/ 7.54. Eye diameters: AME 0.13, ALE 0.11, PME 0.12, PLE 0.11. Chelicerae 1.15 long, with three promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v0-2-0; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v0-2-0; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-1p-2; metatarsus d0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0-0-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-1p-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1.</p><p>PALP. Retrolateral surface of femur with a cluster of modified hairs, vVL with modified hairs, dVL glabrous, well-developed, subrectangular, vVL larger than dVL, AS absent, DL absent, VTA slightly broader than long in ventral view, spermophor situated prolaterally, TP1 small, triangular, TP2 absent, SePP well-developed, finger-shaped, tip blunt, pointed retrolaterally, embolus long, not curved, prongs short, not curved (Figs 41A–C, 42A–C).</p><p>Female (paratype – ICN-Ar 13743)</p><p>COLORATION. As in male, except abdomen totally dark gray (Fig. 40B). Sternum with sternal excavations as in male (Fig. 40D).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.97. Carapace 2.70 long, 2.00 wide. Clypeus 0.22. Leg measurements: I: femur 1.99/ patella 0.94/ tibia 1.50/ metatarsus 1.49/ tarsus 1.08/ total 7.00; II: 1.92/ 0.90/ 1.34/ 1.45/ 1.14/ 6.75; III: 1.65/ 0.79/ 1.15/ 1.36/ 0.88/ 5.83; IV: 2.21/ 0.91/ 1.86/ 2.24/ 0.96/ 8.18. Eye diameters: AME 0.13, ALE 0.11, PME 0.11, PLE 0.12. Chelicerae 1.34 long, with three promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v0-2-0; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v0-1p-0; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p0-1-0, r0-1-0, v1p-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-1p-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-1.</p><p>EPIGYNUM. CO disposed anteriorly in relation to SI, CO with straight posterior margin, VEP placed posteriorlly on epigynal plate, PVP wider than long, covering entire SI, PVP as wide as four times the distance between anterior and posterior margins, PVP with slightly procurved notch along anterior margin, copulatory duct as long as two times the distance between anterior and posterior margins of PVP (Figs 41D–E, 42D–E).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 50).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFFA7FFB3FD95FD14FD43FD48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFFA3FFB3FDFCFD19FE2CF993.text	03C887CAFFA3FFB3FDFCFD19FE2CF993.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus chalybeius (L. Koch 1866)	<div><p>Stethorrhagus chalybeius (L. Koch, 1866)</p><p>Fig, 51</p><p>Hypsinotus chalybeius L. Koch, 1866: 280: pl. 11 figs 179–181, ♂.</p><p>Corinna chalybeia – Petrunkevitch 1911: 465.</p><p>Stethorrhagus chalybeius – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: 54, figs 1a–d, 2a–e, 3d–f, 4a–f, 5a–d, 6f, 7a–c, 16a–e, ♂ ♀ (transferred from Corinna).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of S. chalybeius resemble those of S. naja sp. nov. by the bifid VL, with dVL protruding and thick modified hairs present only in vVL, dVL glabrous, differing by the smaller than the embolus, comma-shaped SePP, with a pointed tip (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 16a) (SePP larger, as long as the embolus, finger-shaped, tip blunt in S. naja – Fig. 42B). Females resemble those of S. mandrillus sp. nov. by the anterior margin of the CO delimited by a protruding lip (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 16d), differing by the lip being divided into two humps (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 16d) (lip entire in S. mandrillus – Figs 16D, 17C).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Lectotype of Hypsinotus chalybeius L. Koch, 1866</p><p>COLOMBIA • ♂; New Granada (probably Colombia); BMNH 1890.7. I.1241 -1242 (examined).</p><p>Description</p><p>Male and female, see Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit (1994: 49).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Colombia (Fig. 51).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFFA3FFB3FDFCFD19FE2CF993	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFFA3FFB1FD82F9C0FD43FA13.text	03C887CAFFA3FFB1FD82F9C0FD43FA13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus sciurus Xavier & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2025	<div><p>Stethorrhagus sciurus sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AC0B278B-B104-42F6-8C00-85222472A373</p><p>Figs. 43, 49, 51</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Females of S. sciurus sp. nov. resembles those of S. callithrix sp. nov. and S. sylvilagus sp. nov. by the epigynal plate and CO U-shaped, disposed anteriorly in relation to SI, with VEP gently procurved, placed posteriorly on the epigynal plate (Fig. 43C–F), differing from S. callithrix by the CD being relatively short (from CO to posterior margin of VEP, less than four times longer than the CO width) (Fig. 43C–F) (CD relatively long, from CO to posterior margin of VEP, more than six times longer than the CO width in S. callithrix – Figs 32C–D, 33C–D) and from those of S. sylvilagus sp. nov. by the area between the posterior margin of VEP and the posterior margin of the epigynal ventral plate depressed (Fig. 43C) (area between the posterior margin of VEP and the posterior margin of the epigynal ventral plate bulging in S. sylvilagus – Figs 25C–D, 26C–D).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition in reference to the rodent genus Sciurus Linnaeus, 1758, since the general conformation of the epigynum (as in Fig. 43C) resembles a squirrel head in frontal view.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>COLOMBIA • ♀; Cundinamarca, Sabana de Bogotá; [4°45′16″ N, 74°10′31″ W]; elev. 3000 m; Oct. 1956; Noguel-Maier leg.; SMF.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Female (holotype – SMF)</p><p>COLORATION. Cephalothorax red-brown. Legs yellow-brown. Abdomen gray dorsally and cream ventrally (Fig. 43A). Sternum with deep sternal excavations (Fig. 43B).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.35. Carapace 2.73 long, 2.19 wide. Clypeus 0.26. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.05/ patella 0.92/ tibia 1.80/ metatarsus 1.47/ tarsus 1.08/ total 7.32; II: 1.86/ 0.92/ 1.63; III: 1.77/ 0.85/ 1.31/ 1.42/ 0.72/ 6.07; IV: 2.44/ 0.94/ 2.18/ 2.40/ 1.00/ 8.96. Eye diameters: AME 0.17, ALE 0.15, PME 0.14, PLE 0.14. Chelicerae 1.15 long, with three promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-0-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v0-1p-1p; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-0-0, p0, r0; tibia missing; metatarsus missing. III – femur d1-0-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r0- 0-1, v1p-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-1p-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-1.</p><p>EPIGYNUM. CO posterior margin U-shaped, CO disposed anteriorly in relation to SI, VEP gently procurved, placed posteriorly on epigynal plate, area between posterior margin of VEP and posterior margin of epigynal plate depressed, PVP subrectangular, covering SI, CD relatively short, from CO to posterior margin of VEP, less than four times longer than CO width, narrowed in median portion (Fig. 43).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 49).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFFA3FFB1FD82F9C0FD43FA13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFFA1FFCFFDD3F9BEFD43FE2D.text	03C887CAFFA1FFCFFDD3F9BEFD43FE2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus roraimae Gertsch 1942	<div><p>Stethorrhagus roraimae Gertsch, 1942</p><p>Figs 7A–C, 49</p><p>Stethorrhagus roraimae Gertsch, 1942: 13, fig. 36, ♀.</p><p>Stethorrhagus roraimae – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: 61, fig. 23a–b, ♀.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Females are similar to those of S. hyula, S. nigrinus and S. papilio sp. nov. by the epigynal plate without VEP and with the CO disposed anteriorly in relation to SI (Figs 7B–C, 23C–D, 44C–D, 45C–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 19c–d, 21b–c, 23a). They differ from those of S. hyula by the epigynal plate without a posterior median half-moon-shaped sclerotization (Fig. 7C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 23a) (present in S. hyula – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 19c); from those of S. nigrinus and S. papillio by the small CO, with its width nearly 12 times smaller than the distance between the CO and the posterior margin of the epigynal plate (Figs 44C–D, 45C–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 23a) (relatively large CO, with width four times smaller than the distance between the CO and the posterior margin of epigynal plate in S. nigrinus and S. papillio – Figs 44C–D, 45C–F).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>BRAZIL • ♀; Roraima, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-59.67973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=3.7587361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -59.67973/lat 3.7587361)">Ireng River</a>; [3°45′31.45″ N, 59°40′47.02″ W]; 15 Aug. 1911; AMNH (re-examined from photos).</p><p>Description</p><p>Female, see Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit (1994: 61); male unknown. Additional documentation of the female holotype in Fig. 7A–C.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 49).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFFA1FFCFFDD3F9BEFD43FE2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFFDFFFCFFDCDFDB4FD43F99F.text	03C887CAFFDFFFCFFDCDFDB4FD43F99F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus nigrinus (Berland 1913)	<div><p>Stethorrhagus nigrinus (Berland, 1913)</p><p>Figs 44, 50</p><p>Corinna nigrina Berland, 1913: 99, ♀.</p><p>Stethorrhagus nigrinus – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: 59, fig. 21b–c (transferred from Corinna).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Females are similar to those of S. hyula, S. roraimae and S. papilio sp. nov. by the epigynal plate without VEP, with CO disposed anteriorly in relation to SI (Figs 7B–C, 23B–D, 44C–D, 45C–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 19c–d, 21b–c, 23a). They differ from those of S. hyula by the epigynal plate without a posterior median half-moon-shaped sclerotization (Fig. 44C–D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 21b–c) (present in S. hyula – Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 19c); from those of S. roraimae by the relatively large CO, with width four times smaller than the distance between the CO and the posterior margin of epigynal plate (Fig. 44C–D) (small CO, with width nearly 12 times smaller than the distance between the CO and the posterior margin of the epigynal plate in S. roraimae (Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 23a); and from those of S. papillio by the posterior border of the CO sinuous; CD’s dorsal reinforcement rods not surpassing CO anteriorly (Fig. 44C–D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 21b) (posterior border of CO straight; CD’s dorsal reinforcement rods surpassing CO anteriorly in S. papillio – Fig. 45C–F).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>ECUADOR • ♀; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.94245&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.6183139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.94245/lat 0.6183139)">El Ángel</a> [Carchi]; [0°37′05.93″ N, 77°56′32.83″ W]; elev. 3000–3200 m; Rivet leg.; MNHN (examined).</p><p>Description</p><p>See Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit (1994: 59). Additional documentation of the habitus and copulatory organs is provided in Fig. 44.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 50).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFFDFFFCFFDCDFDB4FD43F99F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFFDFFFCDFD84F9C3FD43F989.text	03C887CAFFDFFFCDFD84F9C3FD43F989.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus papilio Xavier & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2025	<div><p>Stethorrhagus papilio sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 04E89F12-3F4B-414B-9D6A-D79DBE8797CF</p><p>Figs 45, 51</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Females are similar to those of S. hyula, S. roraimae and S. nigrinus by the epigynal plate without VEP, with CO disposed anteriorly in relation to SI (Figs 7C, 23C–D, 44C–D, 45C–F; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: figs 19c–d, 21b–c, 23a–b). They differ from those of S. hyula by the epigynal plate without a posterior median half-moon-shaped sclerotization (Fig. 45C–F) (present in S. hyula Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 19c); from those of S. roraimae by the relatively large CO, with its width four times smaller than the distance between the CO and the posterior margin of the epigynal plate (Fig. 45C–F) (small CO, with width nearly 12 times smaller than the distance between the CO and the posterior margin of the epigynal plate in S. roraimae (Fig. 7C; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 23a) and from those of S. nigrinus by the posterior border of CO straight; CD’s dorsal reinforcement rods surpassing CO anteriorly (Fig. 45C–F) (posterior border of CO sinuous; CD’s dorsal reinforcement rods not surpassing CO anteriorly S. nigrinus (Fig. 44C–D; Bonaldo &amp; Brescovit 1994: fig. 21b).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition in reference to the lepidopteran genus Papilio Linnaeus, 1758, since the median sector of the epigynum (as in Fig. 45C) resembles a butterfly in dorsal view.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>COLOMBIA • ♀; Nariño, from 25 mi. SW of Mocoa; [1°08′45″ N, 76°38′16″ W]; 3 Mar. 1955; E.S. Shinger and E.S. Ross leg.; CAS 9119043.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male</p><p>Unknown.</p><p>Female (holotype – CASENT9119043)</p><p>COLORATION. Carapace orange-brown, dark in cephalic area. Sternum, endites, labium and legs yellow. Chelicerae brown. Abdomen gray with white dorsal spots (Fig. 45A) venter and spinnerets cream. Sternum with deep sternal excavations (Fig. 45B).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 7.71, prosoma length 3.76, width 2.88. Clypeus 0.30. I: femur 3.25/ patella 1.22/ tibia 2.88/ metatarsus 2.67/ tarsus 1.60/ total 11.62; II: 3.20/ 1.29/ 2.75/ 2.65/ 1.50/ 11.39; III: 2.90/ 1.30/ 2.29/ 2.61/ 1.31/ 10.41; IV: 3.61/ 1.30/ 3.18/ 3.94/ 1.54/ 13.57. Eye diameters: AME 0.20, ALE 0.19, PME 0.19, PLE 0.18. Chelicerae 1.68 long, with three promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v2-1p-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0-1-1, r; tibia d0, p0, r0, v1r-2-2-0; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-1, p0-0-1, r0-0-1; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0-1-1; tibia d0-1-0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-1, r1-1-1, v2-2-2.</p><p>EPIGYNUM. CO slit-shaped, disposed anteriorly in relation to SI, posterior border of CO straight, CD’s dorsal reinforcement rods surpassing CO anteriorly, VEP absent, PVP almost as wide as long, covering almost entire SI, posterior margin of PVP rounded and protruding (Fig. 45C–F).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 51).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFFDFFFCDFD84F9C3FD43F989	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFFDDFFCCFDFEF9D9FD43FC8E.text	03C887CAFFDDFFCCFDFEF9D9FD43FC8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus maculatus (L. Koch 1866)	<div><p>Stethorrhagus maculatus (L. Koch, 1866)</p><p>Figs 46, 50</p><p>Hypsinotus maculatus L. Koch, 1866: 283, pl. 12 fig. 182, ♀ (original description)</p><p>Corinna maculata – Petrunkevitch 1911: 467.</p><p>Stethorrhagus maculatus – Bonaldo 2000: 125 (transferred from Corinna).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Females resemble those of S. tremarctos sp. nov. and S. loxodonta sp. nov. by the CO circular, disposed posteriorly in relation to the SI, and the anterior margin of the CO not delimited by a lip (Fig. 46C). They differ from those of S. tremarctos by the depression anterior to the CO shallow, sub-triangular (Fig. 46C) (depression anterior to the CO deep, quadrangular in S. tremarctos – Figs 13D, 14C) and from those of S. loxodonta by the VEP lateral margins straight, diverging anteriorly (Fig. 46C) (VEP lateral margins curved, converging anteriorly in S. loxodonta – Figs 19D, 20C).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>COLOMBIA • ♀; [Cundinamarca], Santa Fé de Bogotá; Keyserling leg.; BMNH 1890.7.1.1234-H 0 (examined).</p><p>Description</p><p>See L. Koch (1866: 283). Additional documentation of the habitus and copulatory organ is provided in Fig. 46.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 50).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFFDDFFCCFDFEF9D9FD43FC8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
03C887CAFFDBFFCAFD8EFEB7FD43F960.text	03C887CAFFDBFFCAFD8EFEB7FD43F960.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stethorrhagus canis Xavier & Brescovit & Bonaldo 2025	<div><p>Stethorrhagus canis sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9B0CE66C-3675-4EA9-911D-41E8DA950DC4</p><p>Figs 47, 49–50</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Females resemble those of S. felis sp. nov. and S. ovis sp. nov. by the CO slit-shaped, disposed posteriorly in relation to SI (Figs 29C–D, 30C–D, 35D–E, 36C–D), differing by the CO large, as wide as the distance between the CO and the posterior margin of the epigynal plate, located on the posterior half of the epigynal plate (Fig. 47C–F) (CO relatively small, as wide as five times the distance between the CO and the posterior margin of the epigynal plate, located on the anterior half of the epigynal plate in both S. felis and S. ovis – Figs 29C–D, 30C–D, 36C–D, 35D–E).</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific name is a noun in apposition in reference to the carnivor genus Canis Linnaeus, 1758, since the general conformation of the epigynum (as in Fig. 47C) resembles a basset hound head in frontal view.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>Holotype</p><p>ECUADOR • ♀; 6–8 mi. SE of Baños, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.42583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.4163889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.42583/lat -1.4163889)">N slope of Mt Tungurahua</a>; [1°24′59″ S, 78°25′33″ W]; 13 Feb. 1955; E.S. Schlinger and E.S. Ross leg.; CAS9119044.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>ECUADOR • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; CAS9119045.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female (holotype – CASENT9119044)</p><p>COLORATION. Cephalothorax brown. Legs red-brown with tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi yellow. Abdomen gray with dorsal anterior border brown (Fig. 47A). Sternum with deep sternal excavations (Fig. 47B).</p><p>MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.70. Carapace 2.69 long, 2.07 wide. Clypeus 0.21. Leg measurements: I: femur 2.13/ patella 0.91/ tibia 1.94/ metatarsus 1.76/ tarsus 1.00/ total 7.74; II: 2.03/ 0.92/ 1.77/ 1.61/ 0.96/ 7.29; III: 1.95/ 0.82/ 1.53/ 1.70/ 0.93/ 6.93; IV: 2.43/ 0.99/ 2.26/ 2.58/ 1.05/ 9.31. Eye diameters: AME 0.19, ALE 0.17, PME 0.15, PLE 0.17. Chelicerae 1.19 long, with four promarginal teeth and five retromarginal denticles.</p><p>LEG SPINATION. I – femur d1-1-0, p0-0-1, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. II – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p0, r0, v2-2-2; metatarsus d0, p0, r0, v2-2-0. III – femur d1-1-0, p0, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1. IV – femur d1-1-1, p0-1-1, r0; tibia d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v1p-2-2; metatarsus d0, p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1.</p><p>EPIGYNUM. CO slit-shaped, disposed posteriorly in relation to spermathecae, CO large (as wide as the distance between the CO and the posterior margin of the epigynal plate), placed on the posterior half of the epigynal plate, VEP absent, PVP as wide as two times the distance between the anterior and posterior margins, PVP not covering SI, copulatory duct relatively short with large branches pointed anteriorly (Fig. 47C–F).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Known only from the type locality (Fig. 50).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C887CAFFDBFFCAFD8EFEB7FD43F960	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xavier, Cláudia;Brescovit, Antonio D.;Bonaldo, Alexandre B.	Xavier, Cláudia, Brescovit, Antonio D., Bonaldo, Alexandre B. (2025): Revising the revision: on 12 new species of Stethorrhagus Simon, 1896 from Colombia and Ecuador (Araneae: Corinnidae: Corinninae), with reassessments of all previously described species. European Journal of Taxonomy 1013: 1-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1013.3057, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3057/13671
