identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D4F01AFFD29E143C02FA8EFB9AE48B.text	03D4F01AFFD29E143C02FA8EFB9AE48B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Domatoceratina Korn 2025	<div><p>Suborder Domatoceratina Korn, 2025</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Suborder of the order Nautilida, in which a ventrolateral shoulder and an umbilical margin are formed early in ontogeny. Conch usually discoidal, subinvolute to evolute. Juvenile whorl profile circular. Adult whorl profile subquadrate or inverted trapezoidal with a distinct ventrolateral shoulder and a distinct umbilical margin in the early species, showing modifications during evolution including a concave venter in some derived species. Dorsal whorl zone always present, but usually very small except for some derived species. Juvenile sculpture sometimes with radial ribs on the flank; adult sculpture is usually lacking except for elongate ventrolateral tubercles in derived species. Septa simply domed in most of the species; with septal inflexion or corrugated septa in some lineages. Suture line usually depending on the whorl profile, usually with shallow lobes and low saddles; with distinct lobes in one clade (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included superfamilies</p><p>Grypoceratoidea Hyatt, 1900 (Carboniferous to Triassic); Permoceratoidea Miller &amp; Collinson, 1953 (Permian); Subclymenioidea Shimansky, 1962 (Carboniferous).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of the Domatoceratina has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFD29E143C02FA8EFB9AE48B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFD29E143C54FD04FC68E648.text	03D4F01AFFD29E143C54FD04FC68E648.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nautilida Agassiz 1847	<div><p>Order Nautilida Agassiz, 1847</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Exogastrically curved or coiled nautiloids with a conch shape ranging from gyroconic or cyrtoconic to more or less tightly coiled. Shell surface smooth or sculptured with a variety of elements (ribs, nodes, spines, longitudinal ridges or lines). Septa simply domed in most species, with the shape of the whorl profile producing suture lines with variable lobes and saddles. Variations in septal shape with inflexions producing deep lobes in some genera. Septal necks short and straight, rarely slightly widened. Connective rings cylindrical or beaded. Siphuncular or cameral deposits absent. Juvenile conch with cup-shaped initial chamber and narrow siphuncle. Morphological evolution includes the degree of coiling, the shape and size of the juvenile and adult conch and the suture line (after Shimansky 1962b; emended).</p><p>Included suborders</p><p>Nautilina Agassiz, 1847 (Jurassic to Recent); Solenochilina Flower, 1950 (Carboniferous to Permian); Liroceratina Flower, 1955 (Carboniferous to Jurassic); Rutoceratina Shimansky, 1957 (Devonian); Tainoceratina Shimansky, 1957 (Carboniferous to Triassic); Temnocheilina Flower, 1963 (Devonian to Permian); Domatoceratina Korn, 2025 (Carboniferous to Triassic).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFD29E143C54FD04FC68E648	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFD39E153FE8FC49FBEFE593.text	03D4F01AFFD39E153FE8FC49FBEFE593.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Domatoceratidae Miller & Youngquist 1949	<div><p>Family Domatoceratidae Miller &amp; Youngquist, 1949</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Grypoceratoidea with a thinly to thickly discoidal, subinvolute to evolute conch. Whorl profile in the adult stage usually compressed subquadrate or inverted trapezoidal. Umbilical margin distinct or sharp; ventrolateral shoulder nearly rectangular to broadly rounded, rarely skid-like. Ornament consisting of fine growth lines; some species have tubercles on the ventrolateral shoulder. Suture line always with rounded but distinct external, lateral and internal lobes separated by a narrowly rounded or subacute saddles; without annular process (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Pselioceras Hyatt, 1884 (Permian); Titanoceras Hyatt, 1884 (Carboniferous); Domatoceras Hyatt, 1891 (Carboniferous to Permian); Pseudometacoceras Miller, Dunbar &amp; Condra, 1933 [synonym of Domatoceras Hyatt, 1891]; Paradomatoceras Delépine, 1937 (Carboniferous); Plummeroceras Kummel, 1953 (Permian); Neodomatoceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Neostenopoceras Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978 (Permian); Parapenascoceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Parastenopoceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Penascoceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Permodomatoceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Stenodomatoceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Virgaloceras Schindewolf, 1954 (Permian); Neostenopoceras Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978 (Permian); Shatoceras Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin, 2020 (Permian); Omorphoceras Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin, 2023 (Permian); Fididomatoceras gen. nov. (Permian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of the Domatoceratidae has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFD39E153FE8FC49FBEFE593	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFD39E153C2CFEE7FC46E006.text	03D4F01AFFD39E153C2CFEE7FC46E006.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Grypoceratoidea Hyatt 1900	<div><p>Superfamily Grypoceratoidea Hyatt, 1900</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Superfamily of the suborder Domatoceratina with a discoidal, subinvolute to evolute conch. Whorl profile usually inverted trapezoidal with a distinct ventrolateral shoulder and a distinct umbilical margin. Derived species show a variation of modifications including a concave venter, a skid-like ventrolateral shoulder and an angular umbilical margin. Whorl overlap extremely small to moderate. Sculpture in most species lacking, in some species with short lateral ribs or ventrolateral nodes. Septa simply domed; suture line strongly dependent on the whorl profile, usually with broadly rounded lobes and narrowly rounded or subangular saddles (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included families</p><p>Grypoceratidae Hyatt, 1900; Domatoceratidae Miller &amp; Youngquist, 1949; new family to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A discussion of the Grypoceratoidea has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFD39E153C2CFEE7FC46E006	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFD39E173C6FF8D2FCB7E1D9.text	03D4F01AFFD39E173C6FF8D2FCB7E1D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Domatoceras Hyatt 1891	<div><p>Genus Domatoceras Hyatt, 1891</p><p>Type species</p><p>Domatoceras umbilicatum Hyatt, 1891; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Domatoceratidae with a subinvolute to evolute conch. High to extremely high coiling rate; whorl profile usually weakly compressed. Venter flattened or weakly concave, flanks usually flattened and slightly convergent; umbilical margin rounded or angular. Without sculpture except for small ventrolateral tubercles in some species. Suture line with small and shallow external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe; without annular process.</p><p>Included Carboniferous species</p><p>North America (Meek &amp; Worthen 1865; Worthen &amp; Meek 1875; Gurley 1883; Hyatt 1891; Miller &amp; Owen 1934; Sturgeon &amp; Miller 1948; Tucker 1976; Tucker &amp; Mapes 1978; Sturgeon et al. 1982; Niko &amp; Mapes 2016; Niko et al. 2022): Nautilus Lasallensis Meek &amp; Worthen, 1865, Kasimovian, Illinois; Nautilus (Discites) highlandensis Worthen in Worthen &amp; Meek, 1875, Moscovian, Ohio; Discites Toddanus Gurley, 1883, Kasimovian, Missouri; Domatoceras umbilicatum Hyatt, 1891, Moscovian, Kansas; Domatoceras williamsi Miller &amp; Owen, 1934, Moscovian, Ohio; Domatoceras obsoletum Sturgeon, 1946, Moscovian, Ohio; Domatoceras shepherdi Sturgeon, 1948, Moscovian, Ohio; Domatoceras wortheni Tucker, 1976, Kasimovian, Illinois; Domatoceras texanum Tucker &amp; Mapes, 1978, Kasimovian, Texas; Domatoceras oreskovichi Sturgeon, Windle, Mapes &amp; Hoare, 1982, Moscovian, Ohio; Domatoceras collinsvillense Niko &amp; Mapes, 2016, Moscovian, Oklahoma; Domatoceras tuckeri Niko, Mapes &amp; Seuss, 2022, Kasimovian, Texas.</p><p>South China (Ruan &amp; Zhou 1987): Domatoceras quadratum Ruan &amp; Zhou, 1987, Bashkirian, Ningxia.</p><p>West Russia (Tzwetaev 1888, 1898; Shimansky 1967): Nautilus podolskensis Tzwetaev, 1888, Moscovian Moscow Basin; Nautilus mosquensis Tzwetaev, 1898, Moscovian Moscow Basin; Domatoceras (Domatoceras) magister Shimansky, 1967, Moscovian, Moscow Basin.</p><p>Included Permian species</p><p>Urals (Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin 2020): Domatoceras bashkiricum Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin, 2020, Asselian or Sakmarian, South Urals; Domatoceras sterlitamakense Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin, 2020, Asselian or Sakmarian, South Urals.</p><p>Transcaucasia and Iran (Abich 1878; Shimansky 1965b; Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press), this paper: Nautilus parallelus Abich, 1878, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Nautilus convergens Abich, 1878, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Domatoceras gracile Shimansky, 1965, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Domatoceras atypicum Shimansky, 1965, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; new species A to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Wuchiapingian, Central Iran; new species B to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Wuchiapingian, Central Iran; new species C to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Wuchiapingian, Central Iran; Domatoceras elegantulum sp. nov., Wuchiapingian, NW Iran; Domatoceras multituberculatum sp. nov., Wuchiapingian, NW Iran.</p><p>South China (Zhao et al. 1978; Ma 1997): Domatoceras guangxiense Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978, Changhsingian, Guangxi; Domatoceras jiangxiense Ma, 1997, Wuchiapingian, Jiangxi; Domatoceras inflatum Ma, 1997, Wuchiapingian, Jiangxi.</p><p>Japan (Ehiro &amp; Takizawa 1989): Domatoceras ogatsuense Ehiro &amp; Takizawa, 1989, Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The species of the genus Domatoceras have a very similar conch morphology from the Moscovian to the Changhsingian, suggesting a very conservative evolutionary lineage. Shimansky (1967) also included some Serpukhovian species in Domatoceras, but these differ from the typical representatives of the genus in that they have a wider conch and lack a subangular or angular ventrolateral shoulder. These stratigraphically older species may belong to Epidomatoceras .</p><p>The similarity in the morphology of the conchs, the virtual absence of sculptural elements and the fact that the suture line depends essentially on the shape of the whorl profile make it difficult to distinguish the species within Domatoceras . Another difficulty is that the species of the genus occur in two phases: the first phase extends from the Moscovian to the Asselian–Sakmarian boundary, and the second phase extends from the Wuchiapingian to the Changhsingian. It should be noted, however, that of the Late Permian species, about ten are known from the Wuchiapingian and only one from the Changhsingian. Apparently, no species are known from the long interval between the Sakmarian and the Capitanian. Some species from the Kungurian and Roadian, which were placed under Domatoceras by Miller &amp; Unklesbay (1942) and Miller &amp; Youngquist (1949), have been assigned to other genera such as Penascoceras by Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky (1954).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFD39E173C6FF8D2FCB7E1D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFD19E123C4DFD1FFAECE13A.text	03D4F01AFFD19E123C4DFD1FFAECE13A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Domatoceras elegantulum Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Domatoceras elegantulum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0381E5AC-01EE-421B-BB83-723466020686</p><p>Figs 7–8; Table 1</p><p>Nautilus parallelus – von Arthaber 1900: 213, pl. 18 fig. 2.</p><p>Domatoceras parallelus – Shimansky 1965a: 41, pl. 15 fig. 10.</p><p>Domatoceras parallelum – Teichert &amp; Kummel 1973: 421, pl. 2 figs 1–2, 9–10. — Gliwa et al. 2020: text-fig. 17a.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Domatoceras with extremely discoidal, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~0.25; uw/dm ~ 0.35), weakly compressed, inverted trapezoidal whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.70) and very high to extremely high coiling rate (WER =2.30–2.60) at a conch diameter of 75–100 mm. Whorl profile with flattened venter, subangular ventrolateral shoulder, gently convergent, flattened flanks and rounded umbilical margin. Ornament with fine growth lines, without ribs or nodes. Suture line with a narrow and shallow external lobe and a much larger and deeper, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The epithet comes from the Latin ‘ elegantulum ’ (adj., n.) = ‘very fine’; because of the elegant conch shape.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 7; MB.C.29346.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; illustrated in Fig. 8A–D; MB.C.31989 • 4 specimens; same data as for holotype; 2018; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.31993 to MB.C.31996. – East Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Zal; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation ( early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 8E–F; MB.C.31990 • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi 4; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2010; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.31991 • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi N; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.31992 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.29346 is the largest of the fairly complete specimens (Fig. 7B). It has a conch diameter of nearly 100 mm and is chambered except for a short segment that belongs to the body chamber. The conch is extremely discoidal (ww/dm =0.26) and subevolute (uw/dm= 0.36) with a very high coiling rate (WER=2.32). The whorl profile is weakly compressed (ww/wh =0.71) and inverted trapezoidal; it is widest at the rounded umbilical margin, from where the flattened flanks slowly converge towards the subangular ventrolateral shoulder (Fig. 7A). The venter is flat at the largest diameter but slightly concave earlier on the last preserved volution. The suture line shows a rather narrow and broadly rounded external lobe with flanks diverging slightly more than 90 degrees (Fig. 7C). The curvature of the ventrolateral saddle is similar to that of the external lobe and is positioned at the ventrolateral shoulder. The flanks are occupied by the broadly rounded lateral lobe, which is about half as deep as wide. The last volution of the phragmocone has 22 septa, which are rather regularly spaced (SD ~16 degrees).</p><p>Paratype MB.C.31989 (Fig. 8A–C) is a nearly complete internal mould specimen with a conch diameter of 75 mm. Only the last whorl is fairly well preserved, two thirds of this belong to the phragmocone and one third to the body chamber. The specimen closely resembles, in the conch proportions, the holotype and is extremely discoidal and subevolute with a compressed whorl profile (ww/dm=0.26; uw/dm= 0.35; ww/wh= 0.66). The venter changes from flatly rounded to nearly flat during the last volution; in parallel, the ventrolateral shoulder changes from narrowly rounded to subangular. The flanks are flattened and slowly converge toward the venter. The suture line has a very shallow external lobe and a shallow lateral lobe (Fig. 8D). The last half volution of the phragmocone possesses 13 septa standing in rather regular distances (SD ~14 degrees).</p><p>The smaller fragment MB.C.31990 (14 mm whorl height) provides an insight in the juvenile outline of the whorl profile and the suture line (Fig. 8F). It demonstrates that the shape of the whorl profile and also the course of the suture line probably does not change much during ontogeny.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The new species has some resemblance with “ Nautilus parallelus Abich, 1878 ”, but it can be seen from the description and illustration by Abich (1878: 17, pl. 2 fig. 2) that the umbilicus is rather wide (uw/ dm ~0.45) in that species and that the flanks are almost parallel. This species has thus a much wider umbilicus than D. elegantulum sp. nov. (uw/dm ~ 0.35) and differs also in the parallel flanks (convergent in D. elegantulum).</p><p>Domatoceras elegantulum sp. nov. differs from D. multituberculatum sp. nov. in the lack of ventrolateral nodes of the inner whorls, the slightly less evolute (uw/dm ~ 0.35 in contrast to ~ 0.38) and slenderer conch, the more compressed whorl profile and the broadly rounded umbilical margin.</p><p>Domatoceras elegantulum sp. nov. differs from D. convergens by the less strongly convergent flanks and the slightly wider whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 0.65 in contrast to D. convergens with ~ 0.60) at a conch diameter of 75 mm. The venter is much wider in D. elegantulum when compared to D. convergens .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFD19E123C4DFD1FFAECE13A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFD49E0C3C13FD7AFEC8E4C2.text	03D4F01AFFD49E0C3C13FD7AFEC8E4C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Domatoceras multituberculatum Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Domatoceras multituberculatum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8B3BEF64-3F0E-4629-A675-8E1F016ACD7E</p><p>Fig. 9; Table 2</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Domatoceras with extremely discoidal, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~0.28; uw/dm ~ 0.38), weakly compressed, inverted trapezoidal whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.75) and very high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.35) at a conch diameter of 75–100 mm. Whorl profile with flat venter, subangular ventrolateral shoulder, gently convergent, flattened flanks and narrowly rounded umbilical margin. Ornament with fine growth lines and with small ventrolateral conical tubercles in the preadult stage. Suture line with a narrow and shallow external lobe and a much larger and deeper, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Combination of the Latin ‘ multus ’ (adj., m.) =‘many’ and ‘ tuberculum ’ (noun, n.) =‘tubercle’; because of the ventrolateral sculpture.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 9A–D; MB.C.31997.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; illustrated in Fig. 9G–I; MB.C.31998 • 1 specimen; Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 9G–I; MB.C.31999 • 1 specimen; Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 9J–K; MB.C.32000 • 1 specimen; Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.32001 . – East Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi 4; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 9L–M; MB.C.32002 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.31997 is a quarter volution of a phragmocone with a maximum whorl height of 36 mm, meaning that the phragmocone diameter was about 100 mm. It allows the study of three whorls, in which the ontogenetic change of conch geometry and sculpture can be observed (Fig. 9A). While the ww/wh ratio is 0.87 in the penultimate volution, it is reduced to 0.75 in the last volution. Furthermore, the venter shows increased flattening during this growth interval. However, even the last 90 degrees of the phragmocone show some variation; the shape of the venter varies from slightly concave to slightly convex (Fig. 9B–C). The flanks are nearly flat, the umbilical margin is narrowly rounded and the flattened umbilical wall is oblique.</p><p>There is no sculpture visible on the last whorl, but the two whorls before show shallow and broad ventrolateral tubercles, which in the third-last whorl even shows a prolongation into ribs that are connected with barely visible umbilical nodes. The specimen has rather narrowly standing septa; on the last quarter volution of the phragmocone there are nine septa with a trend to crowding at the end (SD ~10 degrees in average). The terminal suture line has a very shallow external lobe, a broadly rounded lateral lobe and a very shallow, ventrally inclined lobe on the umbilical wall (Fig. 9D).</p><p>Paratype MB.C.31998 is, though incomplete, one of the best in the available material (Fig. 9G). It is a fully septate specimen with an estimated diameter of about 73 mm and allows the study of two whorls of the phragmocone. The estimated ww/dm and uw/dm ratios are 0.31 and 0.37, respectively. The whorl profile is weakly compressed (ww/wh =0.79) with a nearly flat venter, a pronounced subangular ventrolateral shoulder and flattened, weakly convergent flanks. The whorls are widest at the narrowly rounded umbilical margin (Fig. 9H).</p><p>The last whorl of the phragmocone appears to be free of sculpture, but the penultimate whorl shows rather coarse, low ventrolateral conical nodes, which are arranged in distances of about 15 degrees. The suture line has a very shallow external lobe, a subangular ventrolateral saddle (with a position at the ventrolateral shoulder) and a broadly rounded, shallow lateral lobe. Additionally, a very shallow, small and rounded lobe is visible on the umbilical wall (Fig. 9I). Both the last and the penultimate whorl show six chambers on a quarter of a volution (SD ~ 15 degrees).</p><p>A complete suture line is visible in the fragmentary paratype MB.C.32000. It shows a rather narrow and shallow external lobe, a broadly rounded lateral lobe that has three times the depth of the external lobe. The specimen shows a rather narrow internal lobe of three quarters the depth of the lateral lobe (Fig. 9K). The smaller fragmentary paratypes MB.C.31999 (Fig. 9E–F) and MB.C.32002 (Fig. 9L–M) show the variation of the depth of the external lobe.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Domatoceras multituberculatum sp. nov. differs from D. elegantulum sp. nov. in the conical ventrolateral nodes of the preadult whorls, the slightly more evolute and stouter conch, the less compressed whorl profile and the narrowly rounded umbilical margin.</p><p>Domatoceras multituberculatum sp. nov. differs from D. convergens by the less strongly convergent flanks and the much wider whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 0.80 in contrast to D. convergens with ~ 0.60) at a conch diameter of 75 mm. The venter is much wider in D. elegantulum sp. nov. when compared to D. convergens .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFD49E0C3C13FD7AFEC8E4C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFCB9E0D3C1BFEE7FDDEE687.text	03D4F01AFFCB9E0D3C1BFEE7FDDEE687.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Domatoceras convergens (Abich 1878)	<div><p>Domatoceras convergens (Abich, 1878)</p><p>Fig. 10</p><p>Nautilus convergens Abich, 1878: 17, pl. 3 fig. 2.</p><p>Domatoceras convergens – Shimansky 1965a: 41, pl. 15 fig. 9.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Domatoceras with extremely discoidal, subevolute and weakly compressed, inverted trapezoidal whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.60) at a conch diameter of 75 mm. Whorl profile with flat, very narrow venter, subangular ventrolateral shoulder, convergent, flattened flanks and broadly rounded umbilical margin. Suture line with a very narrow and very shallow external lobe and a much larger and deeper, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 10; MB.C.32003 • 1 specimen; same data as for preceding; 2018; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.32004. – East Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi 4; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2010; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32005.</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32003 is, though fragmentarily preserved, suitable for identification as it shows some specific characters (Fig. 10A). It has a whorl height of 26 mm and a ww/wh ratio of 0.57. The venter is flat and bordered by an angular ventrolateral shoulder; the flanks are weakly convex and converge from the rounded umbilical margin (Fig. 10B). The suture line shows a small and very shallow external lobe and a very wide, broadly rounded lateral lobe (Fig. 10C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Abich (1878: 17, pl. 3 fig. 2) described and illustrated, as “ Nautilus convergens, nov. form.”, a fragment (less than a quarter of a volution) of an internal mould of 40 mm whorl height. From this, the conch shape can be reconstructed rather well. The inverted trapezoidal whorl profile is compressed (ww/wh =0.62) and very weakly inflected dorsally by the preceding whorl. It is widest near the umbilical margin. The flanks converge rather rapidly and are separated from the flattened venter by a subangular ventrolateral shoulder. There is a shallow longitudinal groove on the outer portion of the flank just adjacent to the ventrolateral shoulder. No ornament can be seen. The suture line shows a broad rounded lobe on the flank and a very shallow lobe on the venter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFCB9E0D3C1BFEE7FDDEE687	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFC89E0E3C19FEE7FDEDE117.text	03D4F01AFFC89E0E3C19FEE7FDEDE117.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Domatoceras parallelum (Abich 1878)	<div><p>Domatoceras parallelum (Abich, 1878)</p><p>Nautilus parallelus Abich, 1878: 17, pl. 2 fig. 2.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>“ Nautilus parallelus, nov. form.” was described and illustrated by Abich (1878: 17, pl. 2 fig. 2). This illustration shows a fragment of less than half a volution of a specimen with a conch diameter of about 120 mm. Only the last whorl is preserved and this appears to be deformed or corroded on one side. Therefore, the conch shape cannot be precisely described. However, it can be seen that the umbilicus is rather wide (uw/dm ~0.45) and that the flanks are almost parallel. Specimens with this morphology have not been collected from NW Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFC89E0E3C19FEE7FDEDE117	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFC89E0E3FF7FD56FC4CE5A1.text	03D4F01AFFC89E0E3FF7FD56FC4CE5A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Permodomatoceras Ruzhencev & Shimansky 1954	<div><p>Genus Permodomatoceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954</p><p>Type species</p><p>Permodomatoceras trapezoidale Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Domatoceratidae with a subinvolute to subevolute conch. High to extremely high coiling rate; whorl profile weakly compressed or weakly depressed. Venter flattened or weakly concave, flanks usually flattened and slightly convergent; umbilical margin rounded or angular. Without sculpture. Suture line with small and shallow external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe; without annular process.</p><p>Included species</p><p>South Urals (Kruglov 1928; Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky 1954; Barskov et al. 2014): Domatoceras Fredericksi Kruglov, 1928, Artinskian, South Urals; Permodomatoceras trapezoidale Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954, Artinskian; Permodomatoceras permianum Barskov &amp; Shilovsky in Barskov et al., 2014, Roadian; Permodomatoceras marielense Barskov &amp; Shilovsky in Barskov et al., 2014, Roadian.</p><p>Transcaucasia (this paper): Permodomatoceras hamdii sp. nov., Wuchiapingian, NW Iran.</p><p>Himalayas (Diener 1903): Nautilus hunicus Diener, 1903, Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Timor (Haniel 1915): Discites Arthaberi Haniel, 1915, Kungurian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>According to Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky (1954: 95), Permodomatoceras is distinguished from Domatoceras by its more angular and lower whorls; the ratio of whorl width to height is between 0.90 and 1.10 in Permodomatoceras and only about 0.70 in Domatoceras . In addition, the external lobe is less well developed in Permodomatoceras . Permodomatoceras is thought to be closer to the American genera Penascoceras and Parapenascoceras in terms of whorl profile, but is clearly distinguished from them by a greater amplitude of suture elements and longer chambers.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFC89E0E3FF7FD56FC4CE5A1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFC89E083C71F8E5FB6AE7D4.text	03D4F01AFFC89E083C71F8E5FB6AE7D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Permodomatoceras hamdii Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Permodomatoceras hamdii sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C3FB68E4-18D0-4B64-946A-75FE355723EA</p><p>Fig. 11; Table 3</p><p>Domatoceras hunicum – Shimansky 1965b: 161, pl. 15 fig. 12. — Teichert &amp; Kummel 1973: 421, pl. 1 figs 7–8, pl. 2 figs 3–4.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Permodomatoceras with extremely discoidal, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.30; uw/dm ~ 0.40), weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 0.80) and very high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.45) at a conch diameter of 80 mm. Whorl profile with weakly concave venter, subangular ventrolateral shoulder, gently convergent, flattened flanks and narrowly rounded umbilical margin. Ornament with fine growth lines, without ribs or nodes. Suture line with a narrow and very shallow external lobe and a much larger and deeper, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after the late Bahaeddin Hamdi (1935–2019), the promoter of palaeontology in Iran.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • Ali Bashi 4; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 11; MB.C.32006.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.32007 • 1 specimen; same data as for preceding; 2011; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32008 • 1 specimen; same data as for preceding; 2013; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32009 • 2 specimens; same data as for preceding; 2018; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32010 to MB.C.32011 . – East Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi 4; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.32012 • 1 specimen; same data as for preceding; 2010; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32013 • 1 specimen; same data as for preceding; 2011; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32014 • 1 specimen; Zal; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.32015 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32006 is a phragmocone fragment with a whorl height of 30 mm (Fig. 11A) and allows for examination of the dorsal whorl area. The shape of the conch was reconstructed using this fragment; this results in a diameter of 80 mm. The whorl profile of the specimen is compressed (ww/wh=0.80) and trapezoidal with a very weakly concave venter, subangular ventrolateral shoulders, flattened and convergent flanks, a rounded umbilical margin and a very shallow dorsal zone (Fig. 11B). The dorsal zone shows that the penultimate whorl also had a weakly concave venter. The complete suture line is exposed. It shows that the external lobe is very shallow and that the ventrolateral saddle is subangular. The lateral lobe is broadly rounded and continues, at the umbilical seam, into a very shallow internal lobe, in which a very low and rounded saddle is raised (Fig. 11C). The septa are closely spaced; there are about ten chambers on a quarter of a volution (SD ~9 degrees).</p><p>Some of the other specimens, such as paratype MB.C.32015, which is not illustrated, show a transformation of the ventrolateral shoulder from a subangular to a tightly rounded shape in the adult stage. In this specimen the shape change takes place at about 28 mm whorl height.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>It is most likely that the specimens illustrated by Shimansky (1965b) and Teichert &amp; Kummel (1973) under the name “ Domatoceras hunicum ” belong to this species. However, P. hunicum differs from the new species in having septa in much larger distances (about five septa per quarter volution) than P. hamdii sp. nov. (10 septa per quarter volution). Another difference is the rate on whorl overlap, which is rather great in P. hunicum (IZR ~ 0.15), while it is very low in P. hamdii (IZR ~ 0.05).</p><p>The new species has a narrower whorl profile (ww/wh = 0.80) than the type species of the genus. However, as its conch shape with the almost rectangular, rather wide whorl profile clearly distinguishes it from the species of the genus Domatoceras, it is classified here as Permodomatoceras .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFC89E083C71F8E5FB6AE7D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFCE9E093C65FB1AFAB4E16E.text	03D4F01AFFCE9E093C65FB1AFAB4E16E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fididomatoceras Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Genus Fididomatoceras gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FE3F69BC-FA94-4E56-9253-D9583FCD3BB2</p><p>New genus A – Korn 2025: 39.</p><p>Type species</p><p>Fididomatoceras intracostatum gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Domatoceratidae with a small to moderately large, subinvolute conch; whorl profile lyriform, venter flat or concave and bordered by raised keels, umbilical margin narrowly rounded. Sculpture missing or with blunt ribs on the flanks in the juvenile stage. Suture line with narrow, rounded external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Combination of the Latin ‘ fidis ’ (noun, f.) =‘lyre’ and Domatoceras; because of the lyriform whorl profile.</p><p>Included species</p><p>Transcaucasia (Shimansky 1965b; this paper): Fididomatoceras gracile (Shimansky, 1965) gen. et comb. nov., Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Fididomatoceras intracostatum gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian, NW Iran.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The new genus differs from most other genera in the family Domatoceratidae by its narrow umbilicus (uw/dm=0.25–0.30), which in the other genera is usually much wider (uw/dm = 0.35–0.40). The most important distinguishing feature, however, is the shape of the ventrolateral shoulder, which in the other genera is tightly rounded or simply subangular or angular, but in Fididomatoceras gen. nov. is accentuated by a shallow inflexion of the outer flank. The lyriform whorl profile in Fididomatoceras is also the main difference to the otherwise similar Late Carboniferous genus Stenodomatoceras .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFCE9E093C65FB1AFAB4E16E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFCF9E0A3F92FDD1FDB2E5DA.text	03D4F01AFFCF9E0A3F92FDD1FDB2E5DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fididomatoceras gracile (Shimansky 1965) Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Fididomatoceras gracile (Shimansky, 1965) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 12; Table 4</p><p>Domatoceras gracile Shimansky, 1965b: 160, pl. 16 fig. 1.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Fididomatoceras gen. nov. with thinly discoidal, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~0.35; uw/dm ~0.25), weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.70) and extremely high coiling rate (WER ~ 3.05) at a conch diameter of 40–55 mm. Whorl profile inverted trapezoidal with convergent flanks; venter and flanks flattened, umbilical margin broadly rounded. Suture line with broadly rounded, moderately deep external lobe and slightly larger and deeper, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AZERBAIJAN • Dorasham 1; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); illustrated by Shimansky (1965b: pl. 16 fig. 1); PIN 1572/211.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi N; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 12; MB.C.32016.</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32016 is a fairly complete, but rather poorly preserved specimen with a conch diameter of 58 mm (Fig. 12A, C). On the right side it is heavily encrusted by a tabular coral colony. The conch is thinly discoidal and subinvolute (ww/dm=0.35; uw/dm=0.26) with a compressed whorl profile (ww/ wh = 0.70). The venter is weakly flattened and bordered by a subangular ventrolateral shoulder. The umbilical margin is rounded, from here the sinuous flanks converge to the venter (Fig. 12B). The suture line has a relatively large and deep, broadly rounded external lobe, a narrowly rounded ventrolateral saddle and a broadly rounded, shallow lateral lobe that occupies the entire flank (Fig. 12D).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Shimansky (1965b) discussed the external similarity of Fididomatoceras gracile gen. et comb. nov. and the Late Carboniferous species Stenodomatoceras moorei (Miller, Dunbar &amp; Condra, 1933) . He stated that differences between these species mainly regard very different conch sizes and the much more involute conch of S. moorei . He thus regarded this as a case of homeomorphy. However, the size of the specimens can hardly be used to distinguish species or even genera. The holotype of F. gracile is only 40 mm in diameter and is probably a preadult specimen. The difference in umbilical width is a better separating criterion; the holotype of S. moorei has, at a conch diameter of 40 mm, a uw/dm ratio of 0.21, whereas this is 0.28 in the holotype of F. gracile .</p><p>A hypothetical criterion for differentiation between Fididomatoceras gen. nov. and Stenodomatoceras could be the position of the siphuncle; this is close to the venter in S. moorei and also in S. kleihegei (Miller, Lane &amp; Unklesbay, 1947) . However, the position of the siphuncle in F. gracile gen. et comb. nov. is not known. Stenodomatoceras kleihegei and S. gardi (Murphy, 1970) possess a concave venter bordered by a slightly raised ventrolateral shoulder, which is narrowly rounded or subangular in F. gracile . Because of these differences, but mainly because of the large stratigraphic distance in occurrence of the three known Late Carboniferous North American species of Stenodomatoceras and F. gracile, we follow the interpretation of Shimansky (1965b) here and do not classify F. gracile in Stenodomatoceras . Instead, we place it in the new genus Fididomatoceras described here.</p><p>Fididomatoceras gracile gen. et comb. nov. can be easily distinguished from most of the species of the family Domatoceratidae from Transcaucasia by the narrower umbilicus, the more widely embracing whorls and the higher coiling rate (WER&gt; 3.00 in F. gracile, but usually 2.25–2.50 in the other species). Fididomatoceras gracile differs from F. intracostatum gen. et sp. nov. in the absence of ribs in the juvenile stage and in the less distinct ventrolateral shoulder, which is narrowly rounded in F. gracile but angular in F. intracostatum . Furthermore, F. gracile has a higher coiling rate (WER&gt; 3.00) than F. intracostatum (WER &lt;2.75).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFCF9E0A3F92FDD1FDB2E5DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFCC9E043C36F91FFAE9E0F1.text	03D4F01AFFCC9E043C36F91FFAE9E0F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fididomatoceras intracostatum Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Fididomatoceras intracostatum gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3DDD3943-57AC-4E12-9036-70812D1C1220</p><p>Fig. 13; Table 5</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Fididomatoceras gen. nov. with thinly discoidal, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.40; uw/ dm ~ 0.27), weakly compressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 0.90) and extremely high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.55) at a conch diameter of 30 mm. Whorl profile inverted trapezoidal or lyriform with convergent flanks; venter flattened, flanks flattened or slightly concave in the outer area, umbilical margin narrowly rounded. Sculpture in the juvenile stage with blunt ribs on the flanks. Suture line with very narrow external lobe and slightly larger and deeper, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Combination of the Latin ‘ intra ’ (prepos.) = ‘inner’ and ‘ costatum ’ (adj., n.) =‘ribbed’; because of the juvenile sculpture.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • Ali Bashi N; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 13A–B; MB.C.32017.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 13C–E; MB.C.32018 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32017 is the better preserved of the two comparatively small specimens (Fig. 13A). It has a conch diameter of 32 mm and is thinly discoidal and subinvolute (ww/dm=0.42; uw/dm=0.26). The coiling rate is extremely high (WER= 2.61) and the imprint zone is small. The whorl profile is weakly compressed (ww/wh =0.89) and shows a narrowly rounded umbilical margin and a steep, slightly flattened umbilical wall. The conch is widest near the umbilical margin; from here the flanks slowly converge towards the angular ventrolateral shoulder, which is preserved as a weakly elevated ridge. The venter becomes flat only in the last half of the volution, beginning at a conch diameter of about 22 mm. Before this, the venter is broadly rounded (Fig. 13B). Shell remains are visible on large areas of the specimen, they show periodically strengthened growth lines extending with a broad arch in backward direction across the flanks and form a deep, angular ventral sinus. Two thirds of the last volution belong to this stage, while the previous ontogenetic stage before possesses shallow, backwardly directed ribs on the flanks.</p><p>Paratype MB.C.32018 has a conch diameter of 31 mm (Fig. 13C). It is thinly discoidal and subinvolute (ww/dm= 0.39; uw/dm =0.30) with a compressed whorl profile (ww/wh =0.87). The venter is rounded up to a conch diameter of 27 mm and becomes flattened thereafter (Fig. 13D). This means that it reaches the stage with pronounced ventrolateral shoulders and the applanate venter at a larger conch diameter than the holotype. The suture line shows a very shallow, broadly rounded external lobe and a slightly deeper, rounded lateral lobe (Fig. 13E).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Fididomatoceras intracostatum gen. et sp. nov. can hardly be confused with another nautilid species of Transcaucasia because of its very characteristic morphology. Fididomatoceras intracostatum differs from F. gracile gen. et comb. nov. in the presence of ribs in the juvenile stage and in the more distinct ventrolateral shoulder, which is angular in F. intracostatum but narrowly rounded in F. gracile . Furthermore, F. intracostatum has a lower coiling rate (WER &lt;2.75) than F. gracile (WER&gt; 3.00).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFCC9E043C36F91FFAE9E0F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFC29E043C28FC34FB65E543.text	03D4F01AFFC29E043C28FC34FB65E543.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nautilida	<div><p>New family Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press)</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Grypoceratoidea with a usually discoidal, subinvolute conch. Whorl profile in the adult stage weakly compressed or weakly depressed; flanks and venter usually separated by a distinct ventrolateral shoulder, venter more or less concave. Umbilical margin usually subangular or angular, rarely rounded; umbilical wall steep, often flattened. Ornament usually consisting of fine growth lines. Septum simple in shape, concavely domed; suture line depending on whorl profile with shallow to V-shaped external lobe and shallow lateral lobe (from Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press: 14).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Pseudotitanoceras Shimansky, 1965 (Permian); new genus A to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) (Permian); new genus B to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) (Permian); Azarinautilus gen. nov. (Permian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of the new family will be given by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFC29E043C28FC34FB65E543	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFC29E053C52F982FE98E75E.text	03D4F01AFFC29E053C52F982FE98E75E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Azarinautilus Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Genus Azarinautilus gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CD71EEC0-54D7-47EC-A234-F505CEDED059</p><p>New genus B – Korn 2025: 43.</p><p>Type species</p><p>Azarinautilus nahidae gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the new family Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) with a rather small, subinvolute or subevolute conch; whorl profile lyriform, venter moderately to deeply concave and bordered by raised keels, umbilical margin broadly rounded or subangular. Sculpture with conical nodes or shallow ribs in the midflank area. Suture line with narrow, rounded external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Combination of the name of the type region in East Azerbaijan and Nautilus .</p><p>Included species</p><p>NW Iran (this paper): Azarinautilus nahidae gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Central Iran ( Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press): new species D to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Changhsingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The new genus has an isolated position within the new family to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) because of its conch shape and sculpture. A comparably distinctly concave venter has apparently not been described from any other genus of the family; however, species of Fididomatoceras gen. nov. show a flat or slightly concave venter bordered laterally by low ridges.</p><p>Azarinautilus gen. nov. differs from the other genera of the new family to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) in the size of the conchs. Specimens of Azarinautilus may reach a conch diameter of about 50 mm, while species of the other genera reach 100 mm or more. Another difference lies in the sculpture of the conchs: Azarinautilus possesses lateral ribs, which are absent in most other species of the family.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFC29E053C52F982FE98E75E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFC39E073C00FB9EFD3BE19B.text	03D4F01AFFC39E073C00FB9EFD3BE19B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Azarinautilus nahidae Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Azarinautilus nahidae gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7D491B43-BAEB-43BB-851F-9655D2549ADB</p><p>Fig. 14; Table 6</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Azarinautilus gen. nov. with thickly discoidal, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~0.47; uw/dm ~0.27), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.00–1.25) and very high to extremely high coiling rate (WER =2.30–2.60) at a conch diameter of 25–35 mm. Whorl profile weakly lyriform with strongly convergent, broadly convex flanks; venter deeply concave, umbilical margin broadly rounded. Sculpture with conical nodes in the midflank area. Suture line with rounded, broadly V-shaped external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Nahideh Ghanizadeh Tabrizi, who assisted in the 2018 field session.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • Ali Bashi 4; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2010; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 14A–B; MB.C.32019.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi 4; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation; 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 14C–E; MB.C.32020 • 2 specimens; Ali Bashi 4; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation; 2018; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.32021 to MB.C.32022 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32019 is a fragmentary internal mould specimen with a conch diameter of 30 mm (Fig. 14A). It is thickly discoidal and subinvolute (ww/dm= 0.47; uw/dm =0.27) with a whorl width equal to the whorl height. The lyriform whorl profile is widest at the broadly rounded umbilical margin, from where the flanks rapidly converge with a slightly concave incurve towards the sharp ventrolateral shoulder; the venter is concave (Fig. 14B). The sculpture consists of blunt conical nodes on the midflank, about eight of them occur in half a volution. Some of these nodes are slightly elongated in direction to the umbilicus. On the ventrolateral margin, there occur barely visible, faint tubercles.</p><p>Paratype MB.C.32020 is a fragment of a specimen with a conch diameter of 26 mm. It is fully chambered and preserved as an internal mould (Fig. 14C). The dimensions of the conch have been partially reconstructed, but the general morphology of the conch seems to correspond to the holotype. The ventrolateral shoulder is slightly elevated and forms skid-like ridges bordering the concave venter (Fig. 14D). The suture line forms a rather deep, bluntly rounded external lobe with nearly rectangularly arranged flanks, the ventrolateral saddle is narrowly rounded. The shape of the lateral lobe is generally broadly rounded, but when the septum lies near a conical node, it may show an inflexion (Fig. 14E).</p><p>The larger, unillustrated paratype MB.C.32021 shows, with a conch diameter of about 35 mm, an elongation of the midflank ribs; in this specimen these ribs extend almost across the entire flanks.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Although there are only a few specimens available for examination, it can be assumed that this is a species with a small conch. No material is known from which the new species described here could be considered a possible juvenile form. The peculiar morphology with the deeply concave venter, the sharp ventrolateral keels and the conical nodes on the midflank easily distinguish the new species from all other Wuchiapingian species of Transcaucasia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFC39E073C00FB9EFD3BE19B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFC19E073C22FCDBFAD2E5DA.text	03D4F01AFFC19E073C22FCDBFAD2E5DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nautilida	<div><p>New genus A Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press)</p><p>Type species</p><p>New species E to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press); original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the new family to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) with a subinvolute conch. Extremely to extraordinarily high coiling rate; whorl profile inverted trapezoidal, weakly compressed or weakly depressed with concave or flat venter and flattened, convergent flanks. Sculpture in the adult stage absent; in the juvenile stage sometimes with short ribs on the flank. Suture line with a shallow to deep V-shaped external lobe and a broadly rounded lateral lobe (from Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press).</p><p>Included species</p><p>Central Iran ( Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press): new species E to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Wuchiapingian; new species F to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Wuchiapingian; new species G to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>According to Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), the new genus A can hardly be confused with any other genus of Late Permian nautilids because of its very characteristic conch shape. The rather sharp umbilical margin, the flattened and rapidly converging flanks, the angular, skid-like ventrolateral shoulder and the more or less clearly concave venter allow a clear separation. Pseudotitanoceras is similar, but this genus is distinguished from the new genus by the presence of tubercles on the ventrolateral shoulder. Shimansky (1965b) mentioned that among his material of P. armeniacum there were also specimens without ventrolateral tubercles. Perhaps these do belong to the new genus rather than Pseudotitanoceras .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFC19E073C22FCDBFAD2E5DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFC19E003C36F91DFEC8E703.text	03D4F01AFFC19E003C36F91DFEC8E703.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	genus A	<div><p>New genus A Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) sp.</p><p>Fig. 15; Table 7</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Aras Valley; Zal Member of the Ali Bashi Formation (early Changhsingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 15; MB.C.32023 • 1 specimen; same data as for preceding; MB.C.32024 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Both specimens are fragmentary and only allow the geometry of the conch to be studied. Both have been sectioned and show that the inner whorls are largely crushed and partially dissolved. With a diameter of 72 mm, specimen MB.C.32023 is the smaller of the two (Fig. 15). The reconstruction shows a thinly discoidal, subinvolute conch (ww/dm =0.43; uw/dm =0.19) with an inverted trapezoidal whorl profile. The venter is concave and bordered by a skid-like sharpened ventrolateral shoulder. The convergent flanks are almost flat with a slightly concave outer region; the umbilical margin is angular and the umbilical wall is flattened and ventrally directed. The surface of the shell appears smooth; the internal form shows no sculpture.</p><p>The second specimen MB.C.32024 has a conch diameter of approximately 120 mm and is more strongly deformed and dissolved. It agrees with the smaller specimen in terms of the sharp-edged shape of the umbilical margin.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The two specimens from the Aras Valley appear to be very similar to the type species from central Iran in terms of the proportions of the venter. However, there seems to be a difference in the arrangement of the umbilical wall, which is vertical in the type species, but oriented towards the venter in the specimens from NW Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFC19E003C36F91DFEC8E703	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFC79E013C22FEE7FC90E7AE.text	03D4F01AFFC79E013C22FEE7FC90E7AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	genus B	<div><p>New genus B Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press)</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the new family to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) with a subinvolute conch. High coiling rate; whorl profile rounded rectangular, weakly depressed with concave venter. Without sculpture. Suture line with shallow external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe; without annular process (from Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press).</p><p>Type species</p><p>New species H to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press); original designation.</p><p>Included species</p><p>NW Iran (this paper): new genus B to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) hebes sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Central Iran ( Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press): new species H to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>According to Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), the new genus B is difficult to confuse with any other genus of Palaeozoic nautiloids because of its peculiar conch morphology with the box-shaped whorl profile, concave venter, skid-like ventrolateral shoulder, subparallel flanks and flattened umbilical wall. The new genus A to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) differs from the new genus B to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) by its clearly convergent flanks, resulting in a much narrower venter; it has an angular ventrolateral shoulder and an angular umbilical margin. Pseudotitanoceras also has convergent flanks and is characterised by a row of nodes on the ventrolateral shoulder and sometimes also at the umbilical margin (Shimansky 1965b: 163).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFC79E013C22FEE7FC90E7AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFC79E023C45FB11FB21E739.text	03D4F01AFFC79E023C45FB11FB21E739.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	hebes Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>New genus B hebes sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D48B5222-AC60-4A5D-8D12-2ECA16FF7865</p><p>Fig. 16; Table 8</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Aifinautilus with thickly discoidal, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.50; uw/dm ~ 0.20), equidimensional whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.00) and extremely high coiling rate (WER ~2.70) at a conch diameter of 55 mm. Whorl profile with weakly concave venter, broadly rounded ventrolateral shoulder, weakly convergent flanks, rounded umbilical wall and moderately deep imprint zone (IZR ~ 0.25). Without sculpture. Suture line with very shallow external lobe and shallow lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ hebes ’ (adj. m.)= ‘blunt’; because of the rounded ventrolateral shoulder and umbilical margin.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • Zal; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 16; MB.C.32024.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32024 is an incomplete and laterally slightly distorted, fully chambered specimen with a conch diameter of 55 mm (Fig. 16A). The conch is thickly discoidal and subinvolute (ww/dm =0.52; uw/dm= 0.25) with an extremely high coiling rate (WER=2.71) and moderately wide whorl overlap (IZR =0.25). The whorl profile is nearly equidimensional (ww/wh =0.98) with a weakly concave venter that is bordered by a broadly rounded ventrolateral shoulder; the flanks are broadly convex and weakly convergent (Fig. 16B). The umbilical margin is broadly rounded and the umbilical wall is steep and convex.</p><p>The suture line has a shallow external lobe, a narrowly rounded, very high ventrolateral saddle and a broadly rounded lateral lobe (Fig. 16C). The phragmocone has about ten chambers per half volution.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Aifinautilus hebes sp. nov. differs from A. icanus in having a much more rounded umbilical margin and ventrolateral shoulder. In addition, the venter of A. icanus is much more deeply concave. The suture line of A. hebes has a much higher ventrolateral saddle than that of A. icanus .</p><p>The conch of A. hebes sp. nov. shows certain similarities with members of the family Tainoceratidae . The major difference, of course, is the presence of rows of nodes in the Tainoceratidae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFC79E023C45FB11FB21E739	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFC59E033C32FCD3FD86E6B9.text	03D4F01AFFC59E033C32FCD3FD86E6B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudotitanoceras armeniacum (Abich 1878)	<div><p>Pseudotitanoceras armeniacum (Abich, 1878)</p><p>Nautilus armeniacus Abich, 1878: 24, pl. 2 fig. 5.</p><p>Pseudotitanoceras armeniacum – Shimansky 1965b: 162, pl. 16 figs 5–6.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AZERBAIJAN • Dorasham 1; Araxoceras Beds (early Wuchiapingian); illustrated by Abich (1878: pl. 2 fig. 5); LGI 14/99.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>“ Nautilus armeniacus, nov. form.” was described and illustrated by Abich (1878: pl. 2 fig. 5). It is a phragmocone fragment with a whorl height of about 38 mm. It is deformed but shows some features of the conch shape and sculpture. According to Abich’s description, the flanks are slightly concave and the venter is more clearly concave; they are separated by a narrowly rounded ventrolateral shoulder. The ventrolateral shoulder bears closely spaced nodes, which have the same width as the interspaces and also correspond approximately to the distances between the septa. The suture line shows broadly rounded lobes on the flanks and venter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFC59E033C32FCD3FD86E6B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFC59E033C2EFEE7FE60E06C.text	03D4F01AFFC59E033C2EFEE7FE60E06C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudotitanoceras Shimansky 1965	<div><p>Genus Pseudotitanoceras Shimansky, 1965</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nautilus armeniacus Abich, 1878; original designation.</p><p>Included species</p><p>Nautilus armeniacus Abich, 1878, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The type species of the genus is rather poorly known. Although there has been a brief revision by Shimansky (1965b) on the basis of new material, there is still no clear differentiation from other species. Shimansky (1965b) discussed the variation in the sculpture of his specimens; however, this may be due to the possibility that he also included specimens of the new genus A to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFC59E033C2EFEE7FE60E06C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFC59E3C3C16F9FCFB34E289.text	03D4F01AFFC59E3C3C16F9FCFB34E289.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tainoceratina Shimansky 1957	<div><p>Suborder Tainoceratina Shimansky, 1957</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Suborder of the order Nautilida, in which a ventrolateral shoulder and an umbilical margin are formed early in ontogeny in the advanced species. Conch usually discoidal, subinvolute to evolute. Juvenile whorl profile depressed oval or circular. Adult whorl profile depressed oval or reniform in the early species, showing numerous modifications during evolution (inverted trapezoidal, trapezoidal or polygonal whorl profiles or with ventral depression). Dorsal whorl zone always present, but usually very small. Juvenile sculpture with radial ribs on the flank; adult sculpture with radial ribs on the flank, ventrolateral nodes or several rows of nodes in derived species. Septa simply domed; with dorsal inflexion in advanced species. Suture line depending on the whorl profile, with shallow lobes and low saddles (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included superfamilies</p><p>Tainoceratoidea Hyatt, 1883 (Carboniferous to Triassic); Pleuronautiloidea Hyatt, 1900 (Carboniferous to Triassic).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of the suborder Tainoceratina has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFC59E3C3C16F9FCFB34E289	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFFA9E3C3C22FDCCFB1EE67C.text	03D4F01AFFFA9E3C3C22FDCCFB1EE67C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleuronautiloidea Hyatt 1900	<div><p>Superfamily Pleuronautiloidea Hyatt, 1900</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Superfamily of the suborder Tainoceratina with a discoidal, subinvolute to subevolute conch. Whorl profile in early species subquadrate with distinct ventrolateral shoulder and distinct umbilical margin. Derived species show a variation of modifications including trapezoidal, inverted trapezoidal or hexagonal whorl profiles with a less angular ventrolateral shoulder and umbilical margin. Whorl overlap is always very small. Sculpture in early species with transverse ribs and ventrolateral nodes, in derived species often with ribs and several rows of nodes. Septa simply domed, in derived species with dorsal inflexion that produces an annular process. Suture line with broadly rounded lateral lobe and shallow lobe or low saddle on the venter (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included families</p><p>Pleuronautilidae Hyatt, 1900 (Permian to Triassic); Gzheloceratidae Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Carboniferous to Permian); Mosquoceratidae Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Carboniferous to Permian); Aktubonautilidae Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Rhiphaeoceratidae Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Metacoceratidae Korn, 2025 (Carboniferous to Permian); Foordiceratidae Korn, 2025 (Permian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of superfamily Pleuronautiloidea has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFFA9E3C3C22FDCCFB1EE67C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFFA9E3D3C09FAA3FD3CE294.text	03D4F01AFFFA9E3D3C09FAA3FD3CE294.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Metacoceratidae Korn 2025	<div><p>Family Metacoceratidae Korn, 2025</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Pleuronautiloidea with an equidimensional or more commonly weakly depressed, trapezoidal to inverted trapezoidal whorl profile. Venter usually flattened, but ranging from slightly convex to slightly concave. Ventrolateral shoulder often prominent, ranging from broadly rounded to subangular. Flanks weakly convergent, parallel or weakly divergent, usually flattened and ranging from weakly convex to weakly concave. Umbilical margin usually pronounced, usually subangular in the intermediate growth stage. Sculpture with ventrolateral conical nodes, often with dorsolateral nodes and low ribs on the flank. Suture line with shallow lobes and low saddles. Internal lobe very shallow, without annular process (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Metacoceras Hyatt, 1883 (Carboniferous to Triassic); Mojsvaroceras Hyatt, 1883 (Triassic); Huanghoceras Yin, 1933 (Permian);? Shansinautilus Yabe &amp; Mabuti, 1935 (Permian;); Cooperoceras Miller, 1945 (Permian); Epimetacoceras Librovitch, 1946 (Carboniferous) (nomen nudum); Pseudofoordiceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Pseudotemnocheilus Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Tanchiashanites Zhao, 1954 (Permian); Mahoningoceras Murphy, 1974 (Carboniferous); Lichuanoceras Xu, 1977 (Permian); Sinotitanoceras Pan, 1983 (Permian); Anthodiscoceras Qin, 1986 (Permian); Serometacoceras gen. nov. (Permian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed account of the research history of Metacoceras and genera with similar morphology has been given by Korn (2025). Therefore, only the differences between the new genus Serometacoceras gen. nov. and Metacoceras will be discussed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFFA9E3D3C09FAA3FD3CE294	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFFB9E3E3C66FDDBFD7CE4E0.text	03D4F01AFFFB9E3E3C66FDDBFD7CE4E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Serometacoceras Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Genus Serometacoceras gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 28DA9B4A-3B7E-421E-A054-779F73B20EA9</p><p>New genus C – Korn 2025: 50.</p><p>Type species</p><p>Pleuronautilus Verae von Arthaber, 1900 .</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Metacoceratidae with a subinvolute or subevolute conch; whorl profile equidimensional or more or less strongly depressed, usually trapezoidal with weakly divergent flanks. Venter usually weakly convex or flattened; ventrolateral shoulder narrowly or broadly rounded. Umbilical margin pronounced and subangular in the intermediate growth stage, rounded in the adult stage. Sculpture with conical nodes on the ventrolateral shoulder or on the umbilical margin or both, sometimes connected by low ribs on the flank. Suture line with shallow external lobe or very low external saddle and broadly rounded lateral lobe; without annular process. Siphuncle small with subcentral position ventrad of septum centre.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ serus ’(adj., net.)=‘late’; because of the high stratigraphic position and the similarity to Metacoceras .</p><p>Included species</p><p>Transcaucasia and NW Iran (Abich 1878; von Arthaber 1900; Shimansky 1965b; Kotlyar et al. 1989; this paper): Nautilus dorso armatus Abich, 1878, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Nautilus tubercularis Abich, 1878, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Nautilus incertus Abich, 1878, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Nautilus Verae von Arthaber, 1900, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Metacoceras dorashamense Shimansky, 1965, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan; Pleuronautilus dzhulfensis Shimansky, 1965, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan [synonym of Serometacoceras verae gen. et comb. nov.]; Pleuronautilus costalis Shimansky, 1965, Wuchiapingian, Armenia; Pleuronautilus dzhagadzurensis Zakharov in Kotlyar et al., 1989, Capitanian, Azerbaijan; Serometacoceras cingulum gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian, NW Iran; Serometacoceras inflatum gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian, NW Iran; Serometacoceras parvituberculatum gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian, NW Iran; Serometacoceras arasense gen. et sp. nov., Changhsingian, NW Iran.</p><p>Central Iran ( Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press): new species I to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Pakistan (Waagen 1879; Reed 1931, 1944): Nautilus latissimus Waagen, 1879, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range; Gyroceras Medlicottianum Waagen, 1879, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range; Metacoceras warchense Reed, 1931, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range; Metacoceras chittidilense Reed, 1944, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range; Parametacoceras venustum Reed, 1944, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range.</p><p>South China (Xu 1977; Zheng 1984; Ma 1997): Metacoceras hunanense Xu, 1977, Changhsingian, Hunan; Pleuronautilus changxingensis Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978, Changhsingian, Zhejiang; Pleuronautilus zhongyingensis Zheng, 1984, Changhsingian, Guizhou; Pleuronautilus magnus Zheng, 1984, Changhsingian, Guizhou; Pleuronautilus anfuensis Ma, 1997, Wuchiapingian, Jiangxi; Pleuronautilus curvatus Ma, 1997, Wuchiapingian, Jiangxi; Pleuronautilus robustus Ma, 1997, Wuchiapingian, Jiangxi.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The Transcaucasian material appears to represent a morphocline ranging from forms with a relatively simple sculpture consisting only of ventrolateral nodes to forms with ribs and a few rows of nodes on the flank. All of these forms have previously been assigned to the genera Metacoceras and Pleuronautilus Mojsisovics, 1882 (Kummel 1953; Shimansky 1965b; Teichert &amp; Kummel 1973). However, Shimansky (1965b: 158) already noted some uncertainties regarding the exact delimitation of the two genera on the basis of the specimens from Dzhulfa.</p><p>A division of the morphocline represented in the material from Julfa into the two genera Metacoceras and Pleuronautilus would have consequences for the phylogenetic reconstruction of the suborder Tainoceratina . Species previously assigned to Pleuronautilus are already known from Early Permian strata, such as the Leonard Formation of Texas. These were placed in the genus Foordiceras Hyatt, 1893 by Miller &amp; Youngquist (1949) and in Pseudofoordiceras by Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky (1954). Kummel (1953: 12) discussed at length the phylogenetic relationships within the family Tainoceratidae (as he understood it) and concluded that these species belong to Pleuronautilus, a view that was supported by Shimansky (1967). However, this would mean that the origin of the genus Pleuronautilus was in the Early Permian or even earlier. Assigning parts of the Transcaucasian morphocline to Pleuronautilus would mean that this genus is polyphyletic or that very similar morphologies occur in the genera Metacoceras and Pleuronautilus .</p><p>Dzik (1984: 161) already assumed that the genus Pleuronautilus, as previously used by many authors, is a polyphyletic taxon containing several evolutionary lineages. In contrast to previous authors (Kummel 1953; Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky 1954), who proposed a relatively simple evolutionary scenario starting with the main genus Metacoceras, from which most of the other of the tainoceratid genera branched off, Dzik (1984, p. 162, fig. 62) proposed a much more complex picture with a number of independent evolutionary lineages. In this phylogenetic reconstruction, Metacoceras does not play a central role and is not considered to be ancestral to genera such as Tainoceras Hyatt, 1883 and Pleuronautilus . Also, the Late Permian species known from Transcaucasia, which Shimansky (1965b) and Teichert &amp; Kummel (1973) referred to as Metacoceras and Pleuronautilus, were thought to have evolved independently of Metacoceras .</p><p>In the following, we place the morphocline with “ Nautilus dorso armatus ” and “ Pleuronautilus verae ” completely in the new genus Serometacoceras gen. nov. Some representatives of these Late Permian forms that have previously been placed in Pleuronautilus actually have a sculpture very reminiscent of Pleuronautilus, but they lack an annular process. Such forms are described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) as belonging to the new genus C to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press).</p><p>Serometacoceras gen. nov. differs from Metacoceras in the shape of the whorl profile, which in Serometacoceras is depressed and usually trapezoidal with weakly divergent flanks, while Metacoceras normally has converging flanks. A further difference lies in the formation of the sculpture, which is composed of coarser ribs in Serometacoceras .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFFB9E3E3C66FDDBFD7CE4E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFF99E393FA5FEE7FE28E5EC.text	03D4F01AFFF99E393FA5FEE7FE28E5EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Serometacoceras dorsoarmatum (Abich 1878) Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Serometacoceras dorsoarmatum (Abich, 1878) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 3C, 17; Table 9</p><p>Nautilus dorso armatus Abich, 1878: 20, pl. 4 fig. 1.</p><p>Pleuronautilus dorso-armatus – von Arthaber 1900: 215.</p><p>Pleuronautilus (Pleuronautilus) dorso-armatus – Kummel 1953: 36.</p><p>Metacoceras dorsoarmatum – Shimansky 1965a: 41, pl. 14 fig. 5. — Teichert &amp; Kummel 1973: 417, pl. 3 figs. 5–6.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Serometacoceras gen. nov. with thickly discoidal, subevolute conch (ww/dm =0.45–0.50; uw/dm= 0.40–0.45), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh = 1.15–1.40) and very high coiling rate (WER= 2.30–2.50) at a conch diameter of 50 mm. Whorl profile weakly trapezoidal with gently divergent flanks; venter and flanks flattened. Sculpture with 10–12 low ventrolateral nodes per volution; the nodes show a short extension toward the midflank. Suture line with a broad and shallow external lobe and a slightly deeper, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi 4; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 17A–C; MB.C.32026 . – West Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 17D–F; MB.C.32027 • 1 specimen; same data as for preceding; 2012; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 17G; MB.C.32028 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32026 is the largest specimen available; it is a somewhat corroded fragment of an internal mould with a whorl height of 38 mm, corresponding to a conch diameter of about 115 mm (Fig. 17A). Only one third of the whorl is preserved, showing remains of the last three phragmocone chambers and a part of the body chamber. The whorl profile is trapezoidal and slightly depressed (ww/ wh = 1.19) with a broadly rounded venter and a prominent, narrowly rounded ventrolateral shoulder. The flattened flanks are weakly divergent and the umbilical margin is broadly rounded (Fig. 17B). The sculpture consists of very shallow ribs beginning on the inner flank and becoming coarser towards the outer flank where they terminate in transversely elongated, low and blunt ventrolateral nodes. They become much weaker in the last preserved part of the body chamber. It appears that these nodes do not coincide between the two sides of the conch, but rather alternate in position. The suture line of the specimen shows a very broad and flat external lobe, a broadly rounded ventrolateral saddle and a flat, broadly rounded lateral lobe (Fig. 17C).</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32027 (Fig. 17D) is an internal mould fragment of a specimen with a conch diameter of about 48 mm, consisting of a quarter of a whorl with the last phragmocone chambers and part of the body chamber. It has a subquadrate, weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh= 1.17) with a flatly rounded venter, a narrowly rounded ventrolateral shoulder, slightly concave and weakly divergent flanks and a raised and thus rather pronounced, but rounded umbilical margin (Fig. 17E). The ventrolateral shoulder bears short radially elongated nodes that extend only a short distance towards the flank, were they are visible only as very low ridges. The umbilical margin bears barely visible, very small tubercles. The suture line has a very shallow external lobe and a broadly rounded lateral lobe (Fig. 17F). The septa are separated by an average of about 13 degrees.</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32028 is externally corroded and was sectioned for the study of the inner whorls; it is slightly deformed and was digitally re-deformed for the illustration (Fig. 17G). The cross section shows some ontogenetic changes in the shape of the whorls, starting with a circular profile in the early ontogenetic stage, followed by an inverted trapezoidal shape at a conch diameter of 11.5 mm. Half a volution later, at 19 mm diameter, the whorl profile is rounded-hexagonal with a pronounced, slightly raised umbilical margin and parallel flanks. In the course of half a volution from a conch diameter of 30 to 45 mm, the flanks become clearly divergent and slightly concave. At 39 mm diameter, the section shows a pronounced ventrolateral node extending about 3 mm beyond the ventrolateral shoulder. Finally, the whorl profile of the last volution shows a broadly rounded umbilical margin and flanks that merge continuously into the umbilical wall.</p><p>Only minor ontogenetic changes in the cardinal conch parameters can be detected, but it must be taken into account that the ww/dm and ww/wh ratios can be influenced by the position of the cross section relative to the ribs. Whether the section hits a node or interspace is critical to the shape of the whorl profile. However, it can be seen clearly that the uw/dm ratio slowly increases from a value of 0.33 at a conch diameter of 11.5 mm to 0.42 at 68 mm diameter.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Abich (1878: pl. 4 fig. 1) illustrated a specimen with a diameter of 53 mm under the name “ Nautilus dorso armatus, nov. form.”; this fragment allows a fairly accurate description of the morphology of the conch and the sculpture (Fig. 3C). The conch is subevolute (uw/dm ~0.40) with a weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.25). The venter appears to be flattened and the flanks are bordered by a rounded ventrolateral shoulder and a rounded but distinct umbilical margin. The sculpture consists of five laterally directed nodes on half a whorl, which are about half as wide as their interspaces. They are somewhat elongated towards the umbilicus and extend almost to the middle of the flank. The penultimate whorl bears about eight shallow radial riblets on the flank on half a volution. The suture line extends with shallow and rounded lobes across venter, flanks and umbilical wall.</p><p>Shimansky (1965b: pl. 14 fig. 5) showed a more complete specimen with a conch diameter of 72 mm; this agrees well with Abich’s original specimen. The close resemblance of these two specimens to the newly collected material from Iran allows a fairly good identification of the new specimens.</p><p>Serometacoceras dorsoarmatum gen. et comb. nov. is very similar to S. dorashamense gen. et comb. nov., but differs in having considerably shorter ribs, confined to the outer flank. In contrast to S. dorashamense, S. dorsoarmatum has no umbilical nodes. Another, albeit small, difference lies in the width of the umbilicus. In S. dorsoarmatum, the uw/dm ratio is greater than 0.40 and in S. dorashamense only around 0.37.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFF99E393FA5FEE7FE28E5EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFFF9E343F40F953FB11E7BD.text	03D4F01AFFFF9E343F40F953FB11E7BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Serometacoceras dorashamense (Shimansky 1965) Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Serometacoceras dorashamense (Shimansky, 1965) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 18; Table 10</p><p>Metacoceras dorashamense Shimansky, 1965b: 157, pl. 14 fig. 3.</p><p>Pleuronautilus sp. indet. 1 – Teichert &amp; Kummel 1973: 418, pl. 1 figs 3–4.</p><p>Pleuronautilus sp. – Gliwa et al. 2020: text-fig. 17b.</p><p>non Metacoceras dorashamense – Teichert &amp; Kummel 1973: 416, pl. 4 figs 5–6.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Serometacoceras gen. nov. with thickly discoidal, subevolute conch (ww/dm =0.45–0.50; uw/dm= 0.35–0.40), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh = 1.20–1.30) and very high coiling rate (WER =2.30–2.50) at a conch diameter of 50 mm. Whorl profile nearly rectangular, usually with gently divergent flanks; venter and flanks flattened. Sculpture with 10–12 low ventrolateral nodes per volution; the nodes are connected by slightly curved ribs with weak nodes on the umbilical margin. Suture line with a broad and shallow external lobe and a usually slightly deeper, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>AZERBAIJAN • Dorasham; Araxoceras Beds (early Wuchiapingian); illustrated by Shimansky (1965b: pl. 14 fig. 3); PIN 1572 /246.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2013; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 18A–C; MB.C.29347 • 1 specimen; same data as for preceding; 2018; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 18D–F; MB.C.32029 • 1 specimen; same data as for preceding; 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 18G–I; MB.C.32030 • 1 specimen; same data as for preceding; 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 18J–L; MB.C.32031 • 5 specimens; same data as for preceding; 2018; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.32032 to MB.C.32036 • 1 specimen; same data as for preceding; 2011; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32037 • 2 specimens; same data as for preceding; Korn et al. 2013, 2018 Coll.; MB.C.32038, MB.C.32039. – East Azerbaijan • 2 specimens; Ali Bashi 4; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.32040, MB.C.32041 • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi main valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.32042 • 1 specimen; Zal; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.32043.</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.29347 is a 120-degree long segment consisting of part of the body chamber and two chambers of the phragmocone. The total diameter can be estimated at approximately 60 mm (Fig. 18B). The specimen has a subquadrate whorl profile with a flattened venter, a rounded ventrolateral shoulder, slightly divergent and weakly concave flanks and a rounded umbilical margin (Fig. 18A).</p><p>The sculpture consists of coarse ribs that deviate slightly from the radial direction towards the aperture. They emerge on the inner flank near the umbilical margin with a slightly tubercular thickening, become more prominent in the middle of the flank and, after tapering further, end close to the ventrolateral shoulder in a blunt and elongated tubercle. Ribs and nodes are asymmetrically arranged and not arranged in exact correspondence on both sides of the conch.</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32029 is a phragmocone segment of 120 degrees length (Fig. 18E). Its maximum whorl height is 20 mm, which corresponds to a conch diameter of about 50 mm. The whorl profile is weakly depressed and subquadrate (ww/wh= 1.30) and almost widest at the rounded umbilical margin, from where the flanks very slowly diverge towards the rounded ventrolateral shoulder (Fig. 18D). The venter is flattened and possesses a very shallow concave depression at the beginning of the whorl segment. The sculpture shows five prominent ribs on the segment. These ribs originate at the umbilical margin and extend radially across the flanks; in the outer flank area they strengthen significantly to form large and rounded nodes. The suture line has a rather small and shallow external lobe and a large rounded lateral lobe with asymmetric shape (the ventral side is much longer than the dorsal) and a very shallow, small lobe on the umbilical wall (Fig. 18F).</p><p>The fragmentary specimen MB.C.32030 (Fig. 18G; 21 mm whorl height) has a similar shape as specimen MB.C.32029, but is less depressed (ww/wh = 1.19). The ribs are not as coarse as in the other specimens and the suture line possesses a deeper external lobe (Fig. 18I). The septa are densely arranged at intervals averaging about 10 degrees only.</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32031 (Fig. 18J) is a fragment with 22 mm whorl height and possesses a subquadrate whorl profile (ww/wh=1.19) with weakly divergent flanks (Fig. 18K). Its sculpture consists of coarse and sharp ribs and the suture line shows a comparatively narrow and deep external lobe (Fig. 18L). The septa are spaced at intervals averaging about 15 degrees.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Serometacoceras dorashamense gen. et comb. nov. was established by Shimansky (1965b) mainly on the basis of a rather small holotype with a conch diameter of only 35 mm. The type specimen still shows some early ontogenetic features, such as the distinctly angular umbilical margin and the rather coarse ribs. Although the new material from Iran only consists of fragments, their juvenile morphology can also be seen in the inner whorls of several of the larger specimens. Therefore, an assignment of this material to S. dorashamense is fairly certain. The larger specimens from Iran show weakening of the ribs and nodes.</p><p>Serometacoceras dorashamense gen. et comb. nov. differs from S. dorsoarmatum gen. et comb. nov. in possessing rather coarse ribs on the flanks and small tubercles around the umbilicus. The umbilicus is somewhat narrower in S. dorashamense (uw/dm = 0.35–0.40 when compared to 0.40–0.45 in S. dorsoarmatum).</p><p>Another species with similar morphology is S. verae gen. et comb. nov. but this differs from S. dorashamense gen. et comb. nov. in the more clearly developed umbilical nodes and the occasional presence of an additional row of nodes in the midflank region. A further distinguishing feature is the shape of the venter; in S. dorashamense it is flattened and in S. verae broadly rounded.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFFF9E343F40F953FB11E7BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFF29E373F96FAE1FBCEE2E1.text	03D4F01AFFF29E373F96FAE1FBCEE2E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Serometacoceras verae (von Arthaber 1900) Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Serometacoceras verae (von Arthaber, 1900) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 19–20; Table 11</p><p>Pleuronautilus Verae von Arthaber, 1900: 216, pl. 18 fig. 4.</p><p>Pleuronautilus verae – Shimansky 1965a: 41.</p><p>Pleuronautilus (Pleuronautilus) verae – Kummel 1953: 36.</p><p>Pleuronautilus dzhulfensis Shimansky, 1965b: 158, pl. 15 figs 5–6.</p><p>Nautilus Pichleri – Abich 1878: 21, pl. 4 fig. 2.</p><p>Pleuronautilus sp. indet. 2 – Teichert &amp; Kummel 1973: 418, pl. 4 figs 3–4.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Serometacoceras gen. nov. with thickly discoidal, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.50; uw/dm ~ 0.35), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.25) and very high coiling rate (WER =2.40–2.50) at a conch diameter of 50 mm. Whorl profile nearly rectangular, usually with gently convergent flanks; venter broadly convex, flanks flattened. Sculpture with about 15 low ventrolateral nodes per volution; the nodes are connected by slightly curved ribs with weak nodes on the umbilical margin, sometimes with an additional row of nodes on the midflank. Suture line nearly straight on the venter and with a broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2012; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 19A–C; MB.C.32044 • 3 specimens; same data as for preceding; 2018; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.32046 to MB.C.32048. – East Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi main valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 19D–E; MB.C.32045 • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi 4; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.32049 • 2 specimens; Ali Bashi; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); illustrated in Fig. 20A–B; GLM#GH1002, GLM#GH1004 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32044 is an incomplete conch, consisting of slightly less than half of a volution, with about 50 mm (Fig. 19A). The specimen allows the examination of the cross section of the last two whorls up to 40 mm diameter (Fig. 19B). Of particular interest is that shell remains are preserved on the last whorl; these show that shell thickenings at the umbilical margin, the inner flank and in the ventrolateral area cause a modification in the whorl profile. These thickenings cause tubercles at the umbilical margin and the middle of the flank. The whorl profile of this specimen shows that the conch is widest at the umbilical margin, from where the flanks slowly converge towards the broadly rounded venter, separated by a distinct but rounded ventrolateral shoulder. The siphuncle has a subcentral position with a slight shift towards the venter. It is also slightly displaced towards the right side of the conch.</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32045 is the best in the newly collected material, although only half of a whorl is preserved (Fig. 19D). It has a conch diameter of 52 mm and consists of the last part of the phragmocone and part of the body chamber. It is thinly discoidal and subevolute (ww/dm =0.48; uw/dm = 0.36) with a slightly depressed, subquadrate whorl profile (ww/wh = 1.27). On half of a volution, there are eight short, coarse protracting ribs. They emerge on the inner flank at a short distance from the umbilical margin and become coarser on the flank; they terminate in forming prominent and pointed, radially elongate tubercles at the ventrolateral shoulder. The suture line extends with linear course across the venter and forms a wide and shallow lobe on the flank (Fig. 19E). The septa are densely arranged; they are spaced at intervals averaging about 11 degrees.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Serometacoceras verae gen. et comb. nov. was almost always placed in the genus Pleuronautilus by earlier authors; this was because of the rather coarse ribs and rows of nodes on the flanks, which shows some similarity with the type species P. trinodosus Mojsisovics, 1882 . However, the great morphological similarity of S. verae and S. dorashamense gen. et comb. nov. makes such a classification problematic. A separation of the two species into different genera would only make sense if an evolutionary transformation from S. dorashamense to S. verae was the origin of the genus Pleuronautilus . However, the empirical data is not sufficient for such an assumption.</p><p>The fragment illustrated by Abich (1878: pl. 4 fig. 2) as “ Nautilus Pichleri von Hauer ” has a whorl height of 18 mm and belongs to an apparently subevolute specimen. It shows straight ribs on the flank; these thicken into nodes in the ventrolateral area. The specimen is most likely to be attributed to Serometacoceras verae gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>“ Pleuronautilus dzhulfensis ” was described by Shimansky (1965b) with a rather small holotype of a conch diameter of only 42 mm. This specimen agrees well with the figure of the type specimen of S. verae gen. et comb. nov. in both conch geometry and sculpture. S. dzhulfensis should therefore be considered a synonym.</p><p>Serometacoceras dorashamense gen. et comb. nov. is a similar species but differs from S. verae gen. et comb. nov. in possessing weaker umbilical nodes; in addition, S. verae sometimes has an additional row of nodes on the middle flank, in contrast to S. dorashamense . Another distinguishing feature is the shape of the venter; it is broadly rounded in S. verae and flattened in S. dorashamense .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFF29E373F96FAE1FBCEE2E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFF19E303C2DFE25FD29E12F.text	03D4F01AFFF19E303C2DFE25FD29E12F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Serometacoceras cingulum Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Serometacoceras cingulum gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 811CF4A8-04D5-4466-90F8-FCDAA8FD9BCB</p><p>Fig. 21</p><p>Pleuronautilus spec. indet. ex aff. Wynnei – von Arthaber 1900: 214, pl. 18 fig. 3.</p><p>Temnocheilus sp. indet. – Teichert &amp; Kummel 1973: 419, pl. 3 figs 7–8.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Serometacoceras gen. nov. with subevolute conch and moderately depressed whorl profile (ww/dm ~ 1.75). Whorl profile broadly trapezoidal with gently divergent flanks; venter flattened, flanks slightly concave. Sculpture with about 15 prominent, blunt ventrolateral nodes per volution; the nodes are connected by blunt ribs across the flanks. Suture line with a broad and shallow external lobe and a usually slightly deeper, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ cingulum ’ (noun, n.) =‘a belt’; because of the belt-shaped conch.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • Zal; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2013; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 21; MB.C.32050.</p><p>Description</p><p>The fragmentary holotype MB.C.32050 is a whorl segment of about 75 degrees (Fig. 21A). It has, at a whorl height of 20 mm, a moderately depressed trapezoidal whorl profile (ww/wh =1.73) (Fig. 21B). On the segment, there are three prominent ventrolateral nodes, which possess an elongation across the flanks and wedge out at the narrowly rounded umbilical margin. The suture line appears to be regularly undulated with shallow, broadly rounded lobes on venter and flanks, respectively; the internal lobe is broadly rounded and twice as deep as the external and lateral lobes (Fig. 21C). The septa are densely arranged in the fragment; they are spaced at intervals averaging about 10 degrees only.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Although only one newly collected specimen is available, a new species is described because of the very distinctive conch shape. Serometacoceras cingulum gen. et sp. nov. has a similar sculpture to that of S. dorashamense gen. et comb. nov., but differs in that it has a much broader whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.75 in S. cingulum, but only ~ 1.25 in S. dorashamense). The very broad whorl profile is also a distinguishing feature from other species of the genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFF19E303C2DFE25FD29E12F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFF69E313C16FD6FFB1FE79F.text	03D4F01AFFF69E313C16FD6FFB1FE79F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Serometacoceras inflatum Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Serometacoceras inflatum gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3427133D-E4DC-4F28-AEE9-4F943185F2AC</p><p>Fig. 22; Table 12</p><p>Metacoceras dorashamense – Teichert &amp; Kummel 1973: 416, pl. 4 figs 5–6.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Serometacoceras gen. nov. with thickly discoidal, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.55; uw/dm ~ 0.28), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.30) and very high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.55) at a conch diameter of 40 mm. Whorl profile rounded-pentagonal with broadly rounded venter and flattened, gently divergent flanks and subangular umbilical margin. Sculpture with about 15 short lateral ribs per volution. Suture line with broadly rounded external saddle and shallow, broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ inflatum ’ (adjective, n.) =‘inflated’; because of the ventrally inflated whorl profile.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 22; MB.C.32051.</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32051 is a fully chambered fragment almost 180 degrees long; the diameter of the conch is 40 mm (Fig. 22A). It is an internal mould partially covered by a tabulate reptant coral. The specimen has been ground to obtain a cross section of the conch and shows two volutions. The conch is thickly discoidal and subinvolute (ww/dm ~ 0.55; uw/dm ~ 0.28) with a weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.30) that shows a rather deep concave zone (IZR ~ 0.15). The calculated coiling rate is extremely high (WER ~ 2.55). At a conch diameter of 40 mm, the whorl profile is characterised by a broadly rounded venter that merges continuously into the flanks, a pronounced umbilical margin and a flat umbilical wall, which is arranged perpendicular to the plane of symmetry. One volution earlier, the whorl profile is depressed rectangular (ww/wh ~ 1.60) with a rather well-defined ventrolateral shoulder.</p><p>The sculpture consists of short and rather coarse, blunt ribs on the flank; these ribs are weakly strengthened on the outer flank and form radially elongated conical nodes. The suture line shows a broadly rounded saddle on the venter and a broadly rounded lobe on the flank. The last half volution shows eleven chambers of the phragmocone. The septa are rather widely arranged; they are spaced at intervals averaging about 16 degrees.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Although only one newly collected specimen is available, a new species is described for the very distinctive conch shape. Serometacoceras inflatum gen. et sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus mainly by the short ribs in the middle of the flank. In contrast to the other species of the genus, these ribs are only very slightly thickened in the ventrolateral area. Another distinguishing feature is the broadly rounded venter. Only S. verae gen. et comb. nov. is similar in this respect, but this species is distinguished by a sculpture with rows of conical tubercles. Furthermore, S. inflatum is narrower umbilicate (uw/dm ~0.28) than S. verae (uw/dm ~0.33) at a conch diameter of 40 mm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFF69E313C16FD6FFB1FE79F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFF79E313FE3FADEFCF7E4BB.text	03D4F01AFFF79E313FE3FADEFCF7E4BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Serometacoceras tuberculare (Abich 1878) Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Serometacoceras tuberculare (Abich, 1878) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3F</p><p>Nautilus tubercularis Abich, 1878: 20, pl. 4 fig. 1.</p><p>Pleuronautilus tubercularis – Shimansky 1965b: pl. 15 fig. 1.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimen illustrated by Abich (1878: pl. 9 fig. 1) as “ Nautilus tubercularis, nov. form.” has a conch diameter of about 85 mm and is obviously a weathered specimen (Fig. 3F). It suggests a discoidal, subevolute conch with a subquadrate whorl profile (ww/dm=0.38; uw/dm =0.35; ww/wh =0.91). The flanks are apparently flattened and are almost parallel; they are separated from the concave venter by a rounded ventrolateral shoulder. Half a volution bears ten ribs on the flank; these extend following a straight line in prorsiradiate direction. They begin at the umbilical margin and progressively increase to slightly raised nodules on the outer flank.</p><p>Shimansky (1965b: pl. 15 fig. 1) figured a specimen with a conch diameter of almost 40 mm. This shows an almost quadrate whorl profile with parallel flanks. The sculpture consists of five coarse ribs per quarter volution. These ribs begin at the umbilical margin and extend over the flank with a low projection. In the ventrolateral area they become stronger and form nodes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFF79E313FE3FADEFCF7E4BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFF49E323F83FEE7FB5DE0F8.text	03D4F01AFFF49E323F83FEE7FB5DE0F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Serometacoceras incertum (Abich 1878) Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Serometacoceras incertum (Abich, 1878) gen. et comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3D</p><p>Nautilus incertus Abich, 1878: pl. 4 fig. 3.</p><p>Pleuronautilus (Pleuronautilus) incertus – Kummel 1953: 36.</p><p>? Pleuronautilus incertus – Shimansky 1965b: pl. 15 fig. 3.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Abich (1878: pl. 4 fig. 3) illustrated a small fragment with about 15 mm whorl width in ventral view (Fig. 3D). He called this specimen “ Nautilus incertus ” in the table explanation, but he described it (Abich 1878: 21) only as the second specimen of “ Nautilus Pichleri ” (Fig. 3E). The specimen possesses a flattened venter and bears ventrolateral nodes. A species definition can probably not be based on this specimen. It is not even clear whether Abich had any taxonomic naming of the specimen in mind at all; von Arthaber (1900: 216) already suspected that the term “ incertus ” should only mean “indeterminable”.</p><p>For this reason, but also because of the small size of Abich’s specimen, a clear species description is not possible. It is also not clear whether the much larger specimen shown by Shimansky (1965b: pl. 15 fig. 3) can be classified as “ incertus ”. The species can therefore only be included with reservations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFF49E323F83FEE7FB5DE0F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFF49E333FD4FC3CFC9BE70A.text	03D4F01AFFF49E333FD4FC3CFC9BE70A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Serometacoceras parvituberculatum Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Serometacoceras parvituberculatum gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 21B9A6C8-C25F-45BA-9C7B-916810D7912A</p><p>Fig. 23; Table 13</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Serometacoceras gen. nov. with thinly pachyconic, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~0.70; uw/dm ~ 0.35), moderately depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.75) and very high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.40) at a conch diameter of 40 mm. Whorl profile rounded rectangular with flattened, gently divergent flanks; venter flatly rounded, flanks flattened, umbilical margin subangular. Sculpture with weak lateral ribs ending in small ventrolateral tubercles.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Combination of the Latin ‘ parvum ’ (adjective, n.)=‘small’ and ‘ tuberculum ’ (noun, n.); because of the small ventrolateral tubercles.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • Zal; Vedioceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (late Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 23; MB.C.32052.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32052 is a rather poorly preserved specimen with a conch diameter of 38 mm (Fig. 23A). It is thinly pachyconic (ww/dm = 0.70) and subevolute (uw/dm = 0.34) with a nearly rectangular, moderately depressed whorl profile (ww/wh =1.73) and a very high coiling rate (WER = 2.40). The whorls are widest at the umbilical margin, from where the weakly convex umbilical wall approaches the umbilical seam. The flanks converge slowly towards the pronounced, narrowly rounded ventrolateral shoulders; the venter is broadly arched (Fig. 23B). The main element of the sculpture consists of delicate lateral ribs ending in a series of small tubercles on the ventrolateral shoulder. The suture line is visible only on the flanks and the umbilical wall, both of which have very shallow, broadly rounded lobes.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Serometacoceras parvituberculatum gen. et sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus in the very small and more numerous ventrolateral tubercles.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFF49E333FD4FC3CFC9BE70A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFF59E2C3C28FB4AFC5AE71A.text	03D4F01AFFF59E2C3C28FB4AFC5AE71A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Serometacoceras arasense Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Serometacoceras arasense gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 05175D5D-1AC6-4527-AEF5-57CDC0E9EDC3</p><p>Fig. 24; Table 14</p><p>Pleuronautilus sp. – Gliwa et al. 2020: text-fig. 17d.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Serometacoceras gen. nov. with thinly discoidal, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~0.45; uw/dm ~0.28), nearly quadrate whorl profile (ww/wh ~0.90) and extremely high coiling rate (WER ~2.70) at a conch diameter of 80 mm. Whorl profile flattened, parallel flanks; venter broadly rounded, flanks slightly flattened, umbilical margin subangular. Sculpture with about 15 short lateral plications per volution.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after the type locality at the Aras River (West Azerbaijan, Iran).</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • Aras Valley; Zal Member of the Ali Bashi Formation (9.50 m below top) (early Changhsingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 24; MB.C.29349.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.29349 is rather complete and has a conch diameter of 82 mm (Fig. 24B). It is preserved with adherent shell material but does not show the suture line. The conch is thinly discoidal and subinvolute (ww/dm ~ 0.43; uw/dm =0.28); the whorl profile is slightly compressed and subquadrate (ww/wh = 0.92) with flattened, parallel flanks, a pronounced ventrolateral shoulder and a broadly rounded venter (Fig. 24A). The umbilical margin is subangular in the last half of a volution with an obliquely oriented umbilical wall. In contrast, the penultimate volution (up to about 30 mm dm) has a very pronounced umbilical margin and an almost vertical umbilical wall.</p><p>The sculpture of the last volution is dominated by weakly protracted radial plications. They begin at the umbilical margin, where they bear small tubercles, and gain in strength across the flanks. They terminate at the ventrolateral shoulder where they are coarsest and bear another row of tubercles. The umbilical opening allows the study of the sculpture in the preceding whorl, in which the ribs are much coarser than in the last and the umbilical margin is more pronounced and bears a ridge occupied with small tubercles.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Serometacoceras arasense gen. et sp. nov. differs from S. costale (Shimansky, 1965) gen. et comb. nov. in the shape of the whorl profile; in S. arasense the ww/wh ratio is about 0.90 and in S. costale only 0.60– 0.70 (Shimansky 1965b). In addition, S. arasense has significantly coarser radial ribs than S. costale .</p><p>Serometacoceras arasense gen. et sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus Serometacoceras gen. nov. of Julfa by the prominent umbilical margin in the adult stage.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFF59E2C3C28FB4AFC5AE71A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFEB9E2E3C64FC2BFC72E20B.text	03D4F01AFFEB9E2E3C64FC2BFC72E20B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alibashinautilus Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Genus Alibashinautilus gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BD4CEDE2-0145-467A-BD60- AD 2C0216959E</p><p>New genus D – Korn 2025: 55.</p><p>Type species</p><p>Alibashinautilus vetus gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Rhiphaeoceratidae with subevolute or evolute conch; whorl profile circular or slightly compressed or depressed with broadly rounded venter and flanks. Sculpture with low, rounded radial ribs on the flanks or without ribs. Suture line with shallow external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe; internal lobe rather deep, without annular process.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Combination of Ali Bashi and Nautilus; because of the type locality of the type species.</p><p>Included species</p><p>NW Iran (this paper): Alibashinautilus vetus gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian; Alibashinautilus ambiguus gen. et sp. nov., Changhsingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The new genus comprises species with a simple conch morphology. These are widely umbilicate forms with a circular or weakly compressed whorl profile and a low coiling rate. This morphology distinguishes them from the vast majority of Late Carboniferous and Permian nautilids. The simple morphology of these species makes it challenging to determine their genus and family. It is unclear whether they belong to a conservative evolutionary lineage of simple forms or if they are a result of morphological simplification from more complex forms.</p><p>The placement of the new genus in the family Rhiphaeoceratidae is based on the shape and sculpture of the shell. Alibashinautilus gen. nov., like Rhiphaeoceras, has a rather simple oval, rounded whorl profile. However, the juvenile conch is not preserved in the Julfa material, so it is not known whether the first whorl is small, as in the Rhiphaeoceratidae, or large, as in the Aktubonautilidae . Therefore, the assignment of Alibashinautilus can only be made with reservations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFEB9E2E3C64FC2BFC72E20B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFEB9E2D3F8DFEE7FB85E0E6.text	03D4F01AFFEB9E2D3F8DFEE7FB85E0E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhiphaeoceratidae Ruzhencev & Shimansky 1954	<div><p>Family Rhiphaeoceratidae Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Pleuronautiloidea with a small, slender first whorl. Whorl profile weakly depressed, elliptical or trapezoidal. Venter broad and weakly convex, flanks convex or slightly flattened and umbilical margin broadly rounded or absent. Sculpture with short ribs on the flank. Suture line with a low external saddle, sometimes with a shallow external lobe, a very shallow lateral and a rather deep funnel-shaped internal lobe; without annular process (after Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky 1954).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Rhiphaeoceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Pararhiphaeoceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Sholakoceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Rhiphaeonautilus Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Permian); Eximioceras Shchedukhin, 2022 (Permian); Alibashinautilus gen. nov. (Permian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The family Rhiphaeoceratidae can be distinguished from other Permian nautiloids by their suture line with its rather deep internal lobe. The only exceptions are the representatives of the family Aktubonautilidae, but these differ in having a much larger juvenile conch.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFEB9E2D3F8DFEE7FB85E0E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFE89E293C00FE4AFDEBE7BD.text	03D4F01AFFE89E293C00FE4AFDEBE7BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alibashinautilus vetus Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Alibashinautilus vetus gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4C7D84B1-4455-4069-A54B-3033FEB384A0</p><p>Figs 25–27; Table 15</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Alibashinautilus gen. nov. with thinly discoidal, evolute conch (ww/dm ~0.35; uw/dm ~0.50), equidimensional or weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.10–1.30) and moderately high coiling rate (WER ~1.85) at a conch diameter of 100–140 mm. Whorl profile nearly circular with continuously rounded venter and flanks; whorl overlap very small. Sculpture with short, coarse ribs on the outer flank. Suture line with wide and very shallow external lobe, very shallow lateral lobe and rather narrow, deep internal lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ vetus ’ (adj., m.) = ‘old’; since the species has a morphology similar to that of much older nautiloids.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Figs 25, 26A–B; MB.C.32053.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi, main valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 26C–E; MB.C.32054 • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); illustrated in Fig. 27; GLM # GH1006 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32053 is an incomplete internal mould with a diameter of almost 140 mm (Fig. 25). The study of conch shape and sculpture is only possible for about three quarters of the last volution, as the inner whorls are poorly preserved due to recrystallisation. The conch is thinly discoidal and evolute (ww/dm=0.30; uw/dm =0.50) and the whorl profile is nearly circular and slightly depressed (ww/ wh= 1.09). The overlap zone of the whorls is very small (Fig. 26A) and the coiling rate is moderately high (WER= 1.85).</p><p>The sculpture consists of prominent ribs, which are coarsest in the ventrolateral region and gradually decrease in strength towards the umbilicus. On the body chamber, these ribs become weaker, and at the greatest diameter of the specimen, only shallow radial folds remain. Half a volution has thirteen ribs. The suture line shows shallow undulation with broadly rounded lobes and saddles and a rather narrow, rounded internal lobe (Fig. 26B).</p><p>Paratype MB.C.32054 is a whorl segment of nearly half a volution and comprising of two chambers of the phragmocone and a long portion of the body chamber (Fig. 26C). Its conch diameter can be estimated with about 132 mm. The conch is serpenticonic with a wide umbilicus (uw/dm ~ 0.52) and a weakly depressed subcircular whorl profile (ww/wh=1.28). The coiling rate is moderate (WER ~1.91) and the whorl overlap zone very small (Fig. 26D).</p><p>The sculpture is composed of low ribs confined to the flanks. They are coarsest in the ventrolateral area and become continuously weaker across the flanks before they disappear near the umbilicus. The siphuncle has a subcentral position on the dorsal side at about a quarter of the whorl heigh.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Alibashinautilus vetus gen. et sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from A. ambiguus gen. et sp. nov. by the coarser ribs on the outer flank. Other differences are the greater width of the umbilicus (uw/dm ~ 0.50 in A. vetus, but only ~ 0.37 in A. ambiguus) and the lower coiling rate (WER ~ 1.85 in A. vetus in contrast to ~ 2.30 in A. ambiguus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFE89E293C00FE4AFDEBE7BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFEF9E2A3C2CFAE1FE8FE016.text	03D4F01AFFEF9E2A3C2CFAE1FE8FE016.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alibashinautilus ambiguus Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Alibashinautilus ambiguus gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 581650DC-6AA3-4D6E-9DA5-5409F4945D92</p><p>Fig. 28; Table 16</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Alibashinautilus gen. nov. with thinly discoidal, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.35; uw/dm ~0.35), weakly circular whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.00) and very high coiling rate (WER ~2.30) at a conch diameter of 120 mm. Whorl profile nearly circular with continuously rounded venter and flanks; whorl overlap very small. Ornament without ribs. Suture line with wide and very shallow external lobe and very shallow lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ ambiguus ’ (adj.)= ‘questionable’; because of the unclear assignment of the species.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • Ali Bashi 4; Paratirolites Limestone (1.50 m below top) of the Ali Bashi Formation (late Changhsingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 28; MB.C.32055.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32055 has a conch diameter of 120 mm and suffered from some corrosion (Fig. 28B). However, it allows the study of the conch shape and proportions across one volution. The whorl profile is nearly circular with a very small overlap upon the preceding volution (Fig. 28A). There is no sculpture visible; the conch appears to be smooth. Almost the entire specimen is chambered; the suture line is almost straight. Despite of corrosion, it is clear that there are no ribs or other sculpture.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Alibashinautilus ambiguus gen. et sp. nov. is distinguished from A. vetus gen. et sp. nov. by the lack of ribs on the outer flank. Other differences are the narrower umbilicus (uw/dm ~ 0.37 in A. ambiguus, but ~ 0.50 in A. vetus) and the higher coiling rate (WER ~ 2.30 in A. ambiguus in contrast to ~ 1.85 in A. vetus).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFEF9E2A3C2CFAE1FE8FE016	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFED9E2B3C75FA59FEB6E4BD.text	03D4F01AFFED9E2B3C75FA59FEB6E4BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Foordiceratidae Korn 2025	<div><p>Family Foordiceratidae Korn, 2025</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Tainoceratoidea with a trapezoidal whorl profile; ventrolateral shoulder rounded, flanks strongly divergent. Sculpture with ventrolateral conical nodes, sometimes with low ribs on the flank. Suture line with shallow lobes and low saddles. Internal lobe very shallow, without annular process (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Foordiceras Hyatt, 1893 (Permian); Araxonautilus Shimansky, 1979 (Permian); Tardunautilus gen. nov. (Permian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of Foordiceras and genera with similar morphology has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFED9E2B3C75FA59FEB6E4BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFE29E243C55FEE7FC1BE6DE.text	03D4F01AFFE29E243C55FEE7FC1BE6DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tardunautilus Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Genus Tardunautilus gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A29DB483-82CF-4C67-AC41-D6FBE9C79244</p><p>New genus E – Korn 2025: 56.</p><p>Type species</p><p>Tardunautilus nimius gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Foordiceratidae with evolute conch; whorl profile rounded triangular or rounded trapezoidal, depressed with broadly rounded venter. Sculpture with one or two rows of conical ribs near the ventrolateral shoulder. Suture line with very shallow external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe; without annular process.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ tardus ’ (adj., m.) =‘slow’; because of the low coiling rate of the conch, and ‘ nautilus ’ because of the relationship.</p><p>Included species</p><p>NW Iran (this paper): Tardunautilus nimius gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian; Tardunautilus minor gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Central Iran (Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press): new species J to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The new genus can be easily distinguished from all other genera in the assemblage of Julfa because of its combination of a conch shape with a wide umbilicus, a rounded triangular or rounded trapezoidal whorl profile and a sculpture consisting of conical nodes. A genus with a similar morphology is Pseudotemnocheilus, but this is mostly known from much smaller specimens of about 40–60 mm in diameter. These smaller specimens have a much narrower umbilicus (uw/dm ~ 0.40) compared to Tardunautilus gen. nov. (uw/dm ~ 0.47) and a less depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.30) than Tardunautilus (ww/wh ~1.40–1.80). The coiling rate is much lower in Tardunautilus (WER below 2.00) when compared to Pseudotemnocheilus (WER greater than 2.25).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFE29E243C55FEE7FC1BE6DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFE29E273C0CFA00FED9E2D8.text	03D4F01AFFE29E273C0CFA00FED9E2D8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tardunautilus nimius Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Tardunautilus nimius gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6A04A10E-B527-425A-8438-848513FDD2E5</p><p>Figs 30–31; Table 17</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Tardunautilus gen. nov. with thickly discoidal, evolute conch (ww/dm ~0.53; uw/dm ~0.47), moderately depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.80) and moderately high coiling rate (WER ~ 1.95) at a conch diameter of 150 mm. Whorl profile rounded trapezoidal with strongly divergent flanks; venter broadly rounded, area of flanks and umbilical wall weakly concave. Sculpture with two rows of ventrolateral nodes in the intermediate growth stage. Suture line with very broad and shallow external lobe, slightly deeper, broadly rounded lateral lobe and broadly rounded internal lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ nimius ’ (adjective, m.) =‘very large’; because of the large size of the conch.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • Zal; Zal Member of the Ali Bashi Formation (early Changhsingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 30–31; MB.C.32057.</p><p>Description</p><p>The single holotype MB.C.32057 is a fragment consisting of about a quarter of two volutions; the reconstructed diameter of the specimen is approximately 148 mm (Fig. 30). The reconstructed conch is thickly discoidal and evolute (ww/dm ~0.53; uw/dm ~0.47). The whorl profile is moderately depressed (ww/wh ~ 1.80) and rounded trapezoidal with a broadly convex venter, a pronounced ventrolateral shoulder and a slightly concave zone consisting of flanks and umbilical wall; the whorl overlap is very small (Fig. 31A–B). It appears that the last preserved whorl slowly detaches from the preceding whorl. The profile of the penultimate whorl shows a more flattened venter, a more pronounced ventrolateral shoulder and flattened flanks.</p><p>The sculpture is well-preserved on the penultimate whorl. It consists of paired conical nodes on the flank; one row of nodes is located in the midflank area and the other row has a position on the ventrolateral shoulder. The nodes of each pair are connected by a low rib. Six of these node pairs occur on a quarter volution. On the last whorl, no nodes are visible.</p><p>The suture line extends with a very shallow external lobe, a broadly rounded and shallow lateral lobe and a rounded internal lobe (Fig. 31C). The chambers are rather short; the septa are arranged in distances of about 14 degrees. The siphuncle has a dorsocentral position near the centre of the septum.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Tardunautilus nimius gen. et sp. nov. differs from T. minor gen. et sp. nov. in the presence of two rows of conical nodes on the flank, while T. minor has only one such row on the ventrolateral shoulder. Furthermore, the whorl profile is much more depressed in T. nimius (ww/wh ~1.80) than in T. minor (ww/wh ~ 1.50).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFE29E273C0CFA00FED9E2D8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFE19E203C77FE01FCD5E0FC.text	03D4F01AFFE19E203C77FE01FCD5E0FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tardunautilus minor Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Tardunautilus minor gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 53ABF019-1677-4279-9A74-1193AA170FB6</p><p>Fig. 32; Table 18</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Tardunautilus gen. nov. with thinly discoidal, evolute conch (ww/dm ~0.40; uw/dm ~ 0.47), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.40) and moderately high coiling rate (WER ~ 1.85) at a conch diameter of 70 mm. Whorl profile rounded triangular with strongly divergent flanks; venter broadly rounded, area of flanks and umbilical wall flattened. Sculpture with one row of ventrolateral nodes in the intermediate growth stage. Suture line with a broad and shallow external lobe, and a broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ minor ’ (noun) =‘the smaller’; because of the small size of the conch.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • Kuh-e-Ali Bashi; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 32; MB.C.32058.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32058 is a whorl segment of about 120 degrees and consists of the last phragmocone chamber and a longer part of the body chamber (Fig. 32B). The diameter of the evolute specimen may have been about 72 mm. The depressed whorl profile (ww/wh = 1.42) has a triangular outline with a broadly arched venter and a rounded ventrolateral shoulder from which the flattened flanks converge towards the umbilical seam. The imprint zone is very small (Fig. 32A).</p><p>In the whorl segment, there are eight conical nodes located on the ventrolateral shoulder. The suture line shows a wide and shallow external lobe, a broadly rounded ventrolateral saddle and a broadly rounded lateral lobe, which is slightly smaller than the external lobe (Fig. 32C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Tardunautilus minor gen. et sp. nov. differs from T. nimius gen. et sp. nov. in the presence of only one row of conical nodes on the ventrolateral shoulder, while T. nimius has two rows, which are located on the outer flank and the ventrolateral shoulder. Furthermore, the whorl profile is much less depressed in T. minor (ww/wh ~1.50) than in T. nimius (ww/wh ~ 1.80).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFE19E203C77FE01FCD5E0FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFE69E203C0BFC20FEF2E5FC.text	03D4F01AFFE69E203C0BFC20FEF2E5FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleuronautilidae Hyatt 1900	<div><p>Family Pleuronautilidae Hyatt, 1900</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Pleuronautiloidea with a commonly subquadrate or weakly depressed whorl profile; venter ranging from convex to weakly concave, ventrolateral shoulder and umbilical margin often pronounced, flanks usually weakly convergent. Sculpture with numerous ribs on the flank, sometimes with conical tubercles and more rarely with spiral ridges. An annular process is present in the advanced species (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>New genus C to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) (Permian); Pleuronautilus Mojsisovics, 1882 (Triassic); Phloioceras Hyatt, 1884 (Triassic); Anoploceras Hyatt, 1900 (Triassic); Encoiloceras Hyatt, 1900 (Triassic); Enoploceras Hyatt, 1900 (Triassic); Holconautilus Mojsisovics, 1902 (Triassic); Trachynautilus Mojsisovics, 1902 (Triassic); Sibyllonautilus Diener, 1915 (Triassic); Phaedrysmocheilus Shimansky &amp; Erlanger, 1955 (Triassic); Arctonautilus Sobolev, 1989 (Triassic); Grumantoceras Sobolev, 1989 (Triassic).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of the Pleuronautilidae and families with similar morphology has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFE69E203C0BFC20FEF2E5FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFE69E213C22F923FAD3E002.text	03D4F01AFFE69E213C22F923FAD3E002.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	genus C	<div><p>New genus C Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press)</p><p>Type species</p><p>New species K to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press); original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Pleuronautilidae with subevolute conch; whorl profile inverted trapezoidal, weakly depressed or equidimensional with broadly rounded venter, parallel or weakly convergent flanks, rounded umbilical margin and convex or flattened umbilical wall. Sculpture with ribs on the flanks, without nodes or tubercles. Suture line with very shallow external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe; without annular process (from Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press: 38).</p><p>Included species</p><p>Central Iran (Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press): new species K to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Wuchiapingian; new species L to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Wuchiapingian; new species M to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The new genus C will be introduced by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) for Permian species with a conch shape and sculpture similar to some Triassic species of Pleuronautilus, such as P. mosis Mojsisovics, 1882 . The main difference, however, is that the new genus does not possess the annular process that is present in Pleuronautilus .</p><p>Other Late Permian species from other regions may also belong to the new genus. This is particularly true for the species from the Salt Range and southern China, which are usually classified as Metacoceras or Pleuronautilus . However, this will have to be verified based on the original material as part of a revision.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFE69E213C22F923FAD3E002	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFE49E223C37FEE7FE59E005.text	03D4F01AFFE49E223C37FEE7FE59E005.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleuronautilidae	<div><p>New genus C Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) sp.</p><p>Fig. 33; Table 19</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Zal; Zal Member of the Ali Bashi Formation (early Changhsingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 33; MB.C.32059 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32059 is a fragment of a conch with a diameter of about 125 mm (Fig. 33A). It is vertically distorted and only allows the study from one side; the conch dimensions and ratio can only be estimated. It bears a coarse sculpture consisting of eleven rounded ribs on half a volution. These ribs extend with a concave sinus across the flank; they are particularly strongly developed in the ventrolateral region.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The single fragmentary specimen does not provide sufficient data for a clear characterisation. It is thus kept in open nomenclature.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFE49E223C37FEE7FE59E005	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFE49E223C17FB95FB02E5F9.text	03D4F01AFFE49E223C17FB95FB02E5F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tainoceratoidea Hyatt 1883	<div><p>Superfamily Tainoceratoidea Hyatt, 1883</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Superfamily of the suborder Tainoceratina with a discoidal to pachyconic, subinvolute or subevolute conch. Whorl profile always with midventral longitudinal groove; in early species subquadrate with a distinct ventrolateral shoulder and a distinct umbilical margin, in derived species polygonal with divergent or convergent flanks. Dorsal whorl zone always very small. Sculpture with rows of ventrolateral nodes, in some species with rows of nodes on the flank. Septa simply domed; suture line depending on the whorl profile, usually with shallow lobes and low saddles (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included family</p><p>Tainoceratidae Hyatt, 1883 (Carboniferous to Triassic).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of superfamily Tainoceratoidea has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFE49E223C17FB95FB02E5F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFE49E233C71F93DFBF3E0C6.text	03D4F01AFFE49E233C71F93DFBF3E0C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tainoceratidae Hyatt 1883	<div><p>Family Tainoceratidae Hyatt, 1883</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Tainoceratoidea with a discoidal to pachyconic, subinvolute or subevolute conch. Whorl profile always with midventral longitudinal groove; in early species subquadrate with a distinct ventrolateral shoulder and a distinct umbilical margin, in derived species polygonal with divergent or convergent flanks. Dorsal whorl zone always very small. Sculpture with rows of ventrolateral nodes, in some species with rows of nodes on the flank. Septa simply domed; suture line depending on the whorl profile, usually with shallow lobes and low saddles (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Tainoceras Hyatt, 1883 (Carboniferous to Permian); Tainionautilus Mojsisovics, 1902 (Permian to Triassic); Tirolonautilus Mojsisovics, 1902 (Permian); Tylonautilus Pringle &amp; Jackson, 1928 (Carboniferous to?Permian); Aulametacoceras Miller &amp; Unklesbay, 1942 (Permian); Hexagonites Hayasaka, 1947 (Permian); Hunanoceras Chao, 1954 (Permian); Hefengnautilus Xu, 1977 (Permian); Clavinautilus Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978 (Permian); Eulomacoceras Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978 (Permian); Lirometacoceras Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978 (Permian); Neotainoceras Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978 (Permian;); Paratainonautilus Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978 (Permian); Seironautilus Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978 (Permian); Neoclavinautilus Liang, 1984 (Permian); Nodonautilus Liang, 1984 (Permian); Nodopleuroceras Zheng, 1984 (Permian); Meixianlingites Qin, 1986 (Permian); Paratainoceras Qin, 1986 (Permian); Siamnautilus Ishibashi et al., 1994 (Permian); Gujiaonautilus Miao et al., 2019 (Permian); new genus D to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) (Permian); Corotainoceras gen. nov. (Permian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of family Tainoceratidae has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFE49E233C71F93DFBF3E0C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFE59E5E3C52FC06FB39E29D.text	03D4F01AFFE59E5E3C52FC06FB39E29D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tainoceras Hyatt 1883	<div><p>Genus Tainoceras Hyatt, 1883</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nautilus quadrangulus McChesney, 1860; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Tainoceratidae with a subinvolute or subevolute conch; whorl profile more or less strongly depressed, ranging from subquadrate and hexagonal to polygonal with a distinct midventral longitudinal groove. Umbilical margin usually pronounced and subangular in the intermediate stage, rounded in the adult stage. Sculpture usually with two rows of conical nodes on the venter and additional rows on the flank. Septa simply domed, suture line strongly depending on the shape of the whorl profile, usually with shallow external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe. Siphuncle small with subcentral position ventrad of septum centre.</p><p>Included Carboniferous species</p><p>North America (McChesney 1860; Miller et al. 1933; Miller &amp; Unklesbay 1942; Lintz 1958; Tucker &amp; Mapes 1978; Sturgeon et al. 1982): Nautilus quadrangulus McChesney, 1860, Gzhelian, Illinois; Nautilus nodocarinatus McChesney, 1860, Gzhelian, Illinois; Tainoceras monilifer Miller, Dunbar &amp; Condra, 1933, Gzhelian, Texas; Tainoceras rotundatum Miller, Dunbar &amp; Condra, 1933, Gzhelian, Texas; Tainoceras murrayi Miller &amp; Unklesbay, 1942, Gzhelian, Nebraska; Metacoceras marylandica Lintz, 1958, Gzhelian, Maryland; Tainoceras sexlineatum Tucker, 1976, Kasimovian, Illinois; Tainoceras collinsi Sturgeon, Windle, Mapes &amp; Hoare, 1982, Gzhelian, Ohio.</p><p>Donets Basin (Dernov 2024): Tainoceras luxaeterna Dernov, 2024, Kasimovian.</p><p>Western Russia (Waagen 1879): Nautilus Trautscholdi Waagen, 1879, Gzhelian, Moscow Basin.</p><p>Included Permian species</p><p>North America (Swallow 1860; Hyatt 1891, 1893; Miller et al. 1933; Miller &amp; Thomas 1936; Miller &amp; Unklesbay 1942; Miller &amp; Kemp 1947; Miller &amp; Youngquist 1949): Nautilus occidentalis Swallow, 1860, Artinskian, Kansas; Tainoceras cavatum Hyatt, 1891, Asselian, Texas; Tainoceras Duttoni Hyatt, 1893, Asselian, New Mexico; Tainoceras nebrascense Miller, Dunbar &amp; Condra, 1933, Artinskian, Nebraska; Tainoceras wyomingense Miller &amp; Thomas, 1936, Asselian, Wyoming; Tainoceras schellbachi Miller &amp; Unklesbay, 1942, Kungurian, Arizona; Tainoceras clydense Miller &amp; Kemp, 1947, Kungurian, Texas; Tainoceras unklesbayi Miller &amp; Youngquist, 1949, Kungurian, Texas.</p><p>Alps and Southern Europe (Gemmellaro 1889; Simić 1933; Schréter 1974; Prinoth &amp; Posenato 2007): Pleuronautilus Toulai Gemmellaro, 1890, Wordian, Sicily; Tainoceras zmajevatense Simić, 1933, Wuchiapingian, Serbia; Tainoceras bükkense Schréter, 1974, Changhsingian, Bűkk Mountains; Tainoceras crassicostatum Schréter, 1974, Changhsingian, Bűkk Mountains; Tainoceras balestense Prinoth &amp; Posenato, 2007, Changhsingian, Dolomites; Tainoceras malsineri Prinoth &amp; Posenato, 2007, Changhsingian, Dolomites.</p><p>NW Iran (this paper): Tainoceras admonens sp. nov., Wuchiapingian; Tainoceras latecostatum sp. nov., Wuchiapingian; Tainoceras unitum sp. nov., Changhsingian.</p><p>Central Iran ( Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press): new species N to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Changhsingian, Central Iran.</p><p>Pakistan (Reed 1931, 1944): Tainoceras Noetlingi var. subglobosa Reed, 1931, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range; Tainoceras comptum Reed, 1944, Changhsingian, Salt Range; Tainoceras debile Reed, 1944, Changhsingian, Salt Range; Tainoceras trimuense Reed, 1944, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range.</p><p>South China (Kayser 1883; Chao 1954; Zheng 1984): Nautilus mingshanensis Kayser, 1883, Wuchiapingian, Jiangxi; Nautilus orientalis Kayser, 1883, Wuchiapingian, Jiangxi; Tainoceras changlingpuense Chao, 1954, Roadian, Hunan; Tainoceras hunanense Chao, 1954, Roadian, Hunan; Tainoceras gibbosum Zheng, 1984, Changhsingian, Guizhou; Tainoceras guizhouense Zheng, 1984, Changhsingian, Guizhou; Tainoceras lateronodosum Zheng, 1984, Changhsingian, Guizhou.</p><p>Japan (Hayasaka 1957, 1962; Ehiro &amp; Araki 1997): Tainoceras abukumense Hayasaka, 1957, Capitanian; Tainoceras kitakamiense Hayasaka, 1962, Roadian; Tainoceras carinatum Ehiro &amp; Araki, 1997, Capitanian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Tainoceras is the typical representative of the family, superfamily and suborder named after it and is considered one of the cardinal genera within the order Nautilida . About 40 species of Tainoceras have been described so far and the genus has a long stratigraphic range extending from the latest Carboniferous to the latest Permian. However, only a few efforts have been made to clearly define the genus in its morphological range. While Miller et al. (1933: 147) and Miller &amp; Youngquist (1949: 80) gave a detailed characterisation of the genus, Shimansky (1962b: 121) and Kummel (1964: K413) characterised the genus Tainoceras with just one sentence: “Like Metacoceras but with a double row of nodes on the venter.” Sturgeon et al. (1997: 29) were more precise: “Similar to Metacoceras but possessing two ventral rows of nodes or ribs separated by a median sulcus.” They gave a more detailed outline of the characters typically present in Tainoceras .</p><p>It is apparent that a simple definition is not adequate to define the rather complex genus, especially in respecting the fact that other tainoceratid genera have been established in recent decades. A precise morphological delineation and taxonomic interpretation of Tainoceras requires a discussion of several questions:</p><p>(1) What are the morphological characters that can be used to clearly distinguish Tainoceras from other genera?</p><p>(2) Are the tainoceratids ( Tainoceras and derived genera of the Late Permian) really a monophyletic unit?</p><p>(3) Did long-ranging evolutionary lineages with stable morphology exist within Tainoceras, or did similar conch shapes and sculptures emerge iteratively and independently?</p><p>The first question is not easy to answer. The previously used character of a double row of ventral nodes cannot be used universally as a cardinal separating character because some species have only one row of ventral nodes or no ventral nodes at all in the adult stage (e.g., the Late Carboniferous T. collinsi and T. marylandicum and the Late Permian T. balestense). Instead, other supporting characters, such as the presence of the midventral groove, must be used. It should be made clear that in Tainoceras this groove incurves a broadly rounded venter. This is in contrast to genera such as Metacoceras, in which a concave venter, if present at all, always occurs as a shallow depression of the entire venter.</p><p>The second question is easier to answer. Although the morphological spectrum of Tainoceras is rather broad and somewhat variable, the combination of several morphological characters, such as the presence of the midventral groove, the rows of nodes on the venter and ventrolateral shoulder and the pronounced umbilical margin, suggests a monophyletic series of forms. Due to the complexity of the morphology, a polyphyletic origin of Tainoceras can be excluded.</p><p>To answer the third question, it is necessary to evaluate the characters of conch geometry and sculpture with regard to their variation within the genus Tainoceras . The following characters have proven to be particularly variable (with some representative examples):</p><p>- General shape of the whorl profile: it can range from rectangular ( T. nebrascense) to octagonal or polygonal ( T. clydense, T. admonens sp. nov.); the ww/wh ratio can range from approximately equidimensional ( T. cavatum) to weakly depressed ( T. schellbachi, T. admonens sp. nov.) and moderately depressed ( T. duttoni).</p><p>- General shape of the venter: in all of the species, the venter is more or less tripartite, but the degree of tripartition varies from weak with nearly convex venter ( T. cavatum) to very strong with clearly defined ventrolateral applanation forming a tectiform venter ( T. clydense, T. duttoni).</p><p>- Arrangement and shape of the flanks: the flanks can be divergent ( T. quadrangulum, T. admonens sp. nov.), parallel ( T. quadrangulum) or convergent ( T. duttoni). They can be flattened ( T. cavatum) or weakly concave ( T. duttoni, T. admonens).</p><p>- Shape of the umbilical margin and umbilical wall: while the umbilical margin is usually narrowly rounded ( T. nebrascense) or subangular ( T. duttoni), the umbilical wall ranges from oblique ( T. cavatum, T. clydense) to steep ( T. duttoni) and from weakly convex ( T. nebrascense) to flattened ( T. duttoni, T. admonens sp. nov.).</p><p>- Width and depth of the midventral groove: the groove can vary from narrow ( T. nebrascense, T. clydense) to wide ( T. schellbachi, T. admonens sp. nov.) and from shallow ( T. collinsi, T. cavatum, T. admonens) to deep ( T. duttoni, T. wyomingense).</p><p>- Formation of the ventral nodes: ventral sculptural elements may appear as short plications ( T. collinsi), small tubercles ( T. nebrascense, T. monilifer, T. nodocarinatum, T. admonens sp. nov.), or also large conical, blunt nodes ( T. clydense) or pointed nodes or spines ( T. quadrangulum, T. schellbachi). Some species possess coarse ventral transverse ribs ( T. unklesbayi). The ventral tubercles may be arranged symmetrically ( T. nebrascense) or alternating on the right and left sides of the midventral groove ( T. monilifer).</p><p>- Formation of lateral ribs: lateral ribs do not occur in many of the North American species, but are present in species from other regions ( T. debile, T. admonens sp. nov.).</p><p>- Formation of umbilical nodes: umbilical sculptural elements are present in some species; they range from being small tubercles ( T. clydense) to large conical nodes ( T. schellbachi).</p><p>The list of mostly bipolar character pairs shows numerous theoretically possible combinations; however, covariation is very common and some of the characters often appear simultaneously.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFE59E5E3C52FC06FB39E29D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF989E583C52FDC1FB9FE0F5.text	03D4F01AFF989E583C52FDC1FB9FE0F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tainoceras admonens Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Tainoceras admonens sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 962E20FB-58E7-40B0-B125-55893A5F1495</p><p>Fig. 34; Table 20</p><p>Tainoceras (?) sp. – Gliwa et al. 2020: text-fig. 17c.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Tainoceras with thinly pachyconic, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.65; uw/dm ~ 0.32), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.45) and extremely high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.85) at a conch diameter of 50 mm. Whorl profile polygonal with convergent flanks; venter tectiform with broad longitudinal midventral groove, flanks weakly concave, umbilical margin narrowly rounded. Sculpture with about 12 faint ribs on the flank per volution, strengthened to form small, longitudinally elongated tubercles on the ventrolateral shoulder. Suture line with a shallow, tongue-shaped external lobe and a broadly rounded, very shallow lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ admonens ’ (verb in participle)=‘reminding’; because of the similar conch geometry with the Late Carboniferous species of the genus.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • Aras Valley; Vedioceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (late Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 34D–F; MB.C.29348.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; illustrated in Fig. 34A–C; MB.C.32060 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.29348 is a partly corroded specimen, but nevertheless allows examination of the conch geometry, sculpture and suture line (Fig. 34D). It has a conch diameter of 48 mm and is fully chambered. The conch is thinly pachyconic and subevolute (ww/dm =0.65; uw/dm =0.32) with an extremely high coiling rate (WER=2.80) and a very small whorl overlap zone. The whorl profile is weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh = 1.44) and polygonal with divergent, concave flanks; the umbilical margin is narrowly rounded and the umbilical wall is flattened. The ventrolateral shoulder is pronounced and subangular; it delimits the broad venter, which is rounded-tectiform in cross section and possesses three concave zones, of which the central is the deepest (Fig. 34E). The sculpture consists of faint, longitudinally elongated conical tubercles with a position on the ventrolateral shoulder. There are about 15 of such tubercles per volution. The venter bears one row of very low, blunt tubercles on each side adjacent to the longitudinal groove. These tubercles do not correspond to the riblets on the flank and are more numerous. The suture line is undulated with very shallow lobes in the concave parts of the conch (Fig. 34F).</p><p>Paratype MB.C.32060 is a rather strongly corroded specimen, but nevertheless allows examination of the conch geometry, sculpture and suture line. It has a conch diameter of 56 mm and is fully chambered (Fig. 34A). The conch is thinly pachyconic and subevolute (ww/dm = 0.67; uw/dm = 0.32) with an extremely high coiling rate (WER =2.89) and a very small whorl overlap zone. The whorl profile is moderately depressed whorl profile (ww/wh = 1.50) is generally rounded polygonal with slowly divergent, weakly concave flanks; the umbilical margin is narrowly rounded and the umbilical wall is flattened. The ventrolateral shoulder is pronounced and delimit the broad venter, which is convex in cross section, but possesses three concave zones, of which the central is the deepest (Fig. 34B). The sculpture consists of low, longitudinally elongated conical tubercles with a position on the ventrolateral shoulder. There are about 12 of such ribs per volution. The venter bears one row of very low, barely visible nodes on both sides of the longitudinal groove. The suture line is undulated with very shallow lobes in the concave parts of the conch (Fig. 34C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Tainoceras admonens sp. nov. has, because of its very weak sculpture, a marginal position in the morphological spectrum of the genus. Particularly the weak ribs on the flank and the presence of only one row of ventral nodes distinguishes the new species from the others of the genus.</p><p>The general conch shape and the sculpture are similar to the stratigraphically older species of the genus, such as the Late Carboniferous type species T. quadrangulum, but the new species differs in the considerably weaker developed ventrolateral and ventral tubercles. The Early Permian T. clydense is more similar, especially in the non-corresponding ventral and ventrolateral tubercles. However, the ventral nodes in T. clydense are much higher than in T. admonens sp. nov. In addition, the umbilicus in T. clydense is narrower (uw/dm ~0.25) than in T. admonens (uw/dm ~ 0.30).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF989E583C52FDC1FB9FE0F5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF9E9E593C61FC39FBECE0F2.text	03D4F01AFF9E9E593C61FC39FBECE0F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tainoceras latecostatum Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Tainoceras latecostatum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 69764943-0130-453D-9EB0-B478EC4E6515</p><p>Fig. 35; Table 21</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Tainoceras with discoidal, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.45; uw/dm ~ 0.33) and weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.15) at a conch diameter of about 100 mm. Whorl profile hexagonal with gently convergent flanks; venter tectiform with broad longitudinal midventral groove, flanks flattened, umbilical margin narrowly rounded. Sculpture with about 20 sharp, coarse ribs on the flank per volution; venter with one row of hump-like, low nodes adjacent to the longitudinal groove. Suture line with a rather deep, tongue-shaped external lobe and a broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Combination of the Latin ‘ late ’ (adv.) = ‘broadly’ and ‘ costatum ’ (adj., n.) = ‘ribbed’; because of the coarse ribs on the flanks.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • Ali Bashi 4; Vedioceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (late Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 35; MB.C.32061.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32061 is a fragment of a phragmocone with an estimated conch diameter of 95 mm (Fig. 35B). It is slightly tectonically distorted, but nevertheless allows the conch geometry to be recognised quite well; it can be estimated that the width of the umbilicus is about one third of the conch diameter. The whorl profile is weakly depressed with a whorl width of 45 mm and a whorl height of 39 mm; the venter is convex and has a median longitudinal groove with a width of about 12 mm. The weakly convergent flanks are flattened and bordered by a rounded ventrolateral shoulder and a rounded umbilical margin (Fig. 35A).</p><p>The sculpture consists of a combination of ribs and nodes. On the flank, five very strong ribs are present on a quarter of a volution; these begin at a short distance from the umbilical margin and extend in slight forward direction with a shallow lateral sinus across the flank. In the ventrolateral region they increase in strength and form sharp ridges ending in ventrolateral nodes. These continue a short distance towards the lateral side of the venter, where they are directed backwards. Very low and bluntly rounded hump-like conical nodes occur immediately adjacent to the median longitudinal groove; these nodes correspond to the ribs on the flanks. The suture line shows a tongue-shaped external lobe and a broadly rounded lateral lobe (Fig. 35C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A new species is established here, although only one fragmentary specimen is available. The reason for this is the peculiar sculpture of Tainoceras latecostatum sp. nov., which consists of a combination of ribs on the flanks and one row of very low, hump-like nodes on the venter. It is especially the coarse ribs that give the new species a unique position in the genus; other species possess conical nodes on the flanks instead.</p><p>In lateral view, with the narrowly rounded umbilical margin, the flattened flanks and the somewhat concave ribs, the new species bears some resemblance to the species of the genus Serometacoceras gen. nov., but differs in the ventral longitudinal groove and the ventral nodes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF9E9E593C61FC39FBECE0F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF9C9E5A3C40FE2DFEBDE48E.text	03D4F01AFF9C9E5A3C40FE2DFEBDE48E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tainoceras unitum Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Tainoceras unitum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1F60FF8F-3ABB-4B98-ABED-853626335165</p><p>Fig. 36</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Tainoceras with thinly pachyconic, subevolute conch and nearly quadrate whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.10) at a conch diameter of about 80 mm. Whorl profile with weakly convergent flanks; venter flattened with a broad longitudinal midventral groove, flanks sinuous, umbilical margin narrowly rounded. Sculpture with five coarse ribs per quarter volution, extending from the umbilical margin to the midventral groove, strengthened to form small, longitudinally elongated nodes on the ventrolateral shoulder and the venter. Suture line with a very shallow external lobe and a broadly rounded, very shallow lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ unitum ’ (verb in participle) =‘united’; because of the amalgamated ventrolateral and ventral nodes.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • Zal; Zal Member of the Ali Bashi Formation (early Changhsingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 36; MB.C.32062.</p><p>Description</p><p>The fragmentary holotype MB.C.32062 has a whorl height of 30 mm and thus may belong to a specimen with a conch diameter of about 80 mm (Fig. 36A). Its whorl profile is almost quadrate but slightly depressed (ww/wh = 1.06) with narrowly rounded umbilical margin, flattened slowly converging flanks, rounded ventrolateral shoulders and a flattened venter with a shallow and broad longitudinal groove (Fig. 36B). The sculpture of the fragment shows five rounded ribs on the whorl segment of 90 degrees. These ribs are slightly concave in their course; they begin on the inner flanks and become more prominent to terminate in pronounced ventrolateral nodes, which have a position on the outer flank. On the venter, another row of nodes is present adjacent to the ventral groove. The ventrolateral and ventral nodes are corresponding and connected by a blunt rib. The suture line is weakly undulate with very shallow, broadly rounded external and lateral lobes (Fig. 36C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Tainoceras unitum sp. nov. has a similar conch shape and sculpture to that of T. latecostatum sp. nov., but differs in the blunt flank ribs (which are sharp in T. latecostatum) and the much thicker ventral nodes, which are very weakly developed in T. latecostatum . Another difference between the two species is the rib-like connection of the ventrolateral and ventral nodes in T. unitum, whereas these are separate in T. latecostatum .</p><p>Tainoceras unitum sp. nov. differs from many other species of the genus in the presence of flank ribs. In addition, the almost complete fusion of the ventrolateral and ventral nodes is not developed in the other species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF9C9E5A3C40FE2DFEBDE48E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF9D9E5B3C22FC2BFBDBE4EA.text	03D4F01AFF9D9E5B3C22FC2BFBDBE4EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	genus D	<div><p>New genus D Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press)</p><p>Type species</p><p>New species O to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press); original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Tainoceratidae with subinvolute or subevolute conch; whorl profile depressed and polygonal with a shallow or broad midventral longitudinal groove. Umbilical margin pronounced and narrowly rounded, flanks convergent. Sculpture with one row of nodes on the ventrolateral shoulder. Suture line strongly depending on the shape of the whorl profile, with rounded V-shaped external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe (from Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press).</p><p>Included species</p><p>Transcaucasia (Abich 1878): Nautilus dorso plicatus Abich, 1878, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan.</p><p>Central Iran ( Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press): new species O to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>According to Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), the new genus D is a genus with a morphology that is similar to that of some species of Tainoceras, but with a much less developed sculpture. In contrast to Tainoceras, which usually has two rows of nodes or tubercles in the ventrolateral region and sometimes another row of nodes on the inner flank, the new genus D has only one row of nodes, located on each side immediately adjacent to the median longitudinal groove, but lacks another row in the ventrolateral region. With a simplification of the sculpture, the new genus may be derived from Tainoceras . Corotainoceras also shows simplification of the sculpture, but differs from the new genus D in the absence of ventrolateral nodes and the presence of very coarse dorsolateral nodes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF9D9E5B3C22FC2BFBDBE4EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF929E543C6CFBB0FCB8E48A.text	03D4F01AFF929E543C6CFBB0FCB8E48A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corotainoceras Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Genus Corotainoceras gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F415 AD 8C-A2F7-4191-809F-FDC1796B0974</p><p>New genus F – Korn 2025: 61.</p><p>Type species</p><p>Corotainoceras inerme gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Tainoceratidae with subevolute conch; whorl profile depressed and polygonal with a shallow midventral longitudinal groove. Umbilical margin broadly rounded, flanks convergent. Sculpture without nodes on the venter and the ventrolateral shoulder, but with coarse umbilical nodes. Suture line strongly depending on the shape of the whorl profile, with shallow, rounded V-shaped external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Combination of the Latin ‘ corona ’ (noun)=‘wreath’ and Tainoceras; because of the coronate umbilicus.</p><p>Included species</p><p>NW Iran (this paper): Corotainoceras inerme gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The genera of the family Tainoceratidae are generally distinguished on the basis of their sculpture. The new genus differs from all other genera of the family in the absence of ventral and ventrolateral nodes or tubercles. In contrast to most other members of the family Tainoceratidae, the type species of Corotainoceras shows very coarse umbilical nodes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF929E543C6CFBB0FCB8E48A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF929E543C2FFEE7FD8EE74E.text	03D4F01AFF929E543C2FFEE7FD8EE74E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	dorsoplicatum (Abich 1878)	<div><p>New genus D dorsoplicatum (Abich, 1878)</p><p>Fig. 3A–B</p><p>Nautilus dorso plicatus Abich, 1878: 23, pl. 2 fig. 6, pl. 3 fig. 1, pl. 4 fig. 8.</p><p>Coelonautilus dorsoplicatus – von Arthaber 1900: 217.</p><p>Tainoceras dorsoplicatum – Shimansky 1965a: 41, pl. 14, fig. 1.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Abich (1878) illustrated two fragments as “ Nautilus dorso plicatus, nov. form.”. The first of these (Abich 1878: pl. 4 fig. 8) has a whorl height of about 27 mm. It shows rounded, strongly convergent flanks and a venter with a longitudinal midventral groove about 15 mm wide (Fig. 3B). This groove is bordered on both sides by a slightly raised margin that is decorated with large, blunt nodes. Ventrolateral nodes are obviously lacking. The suture line has a fairly narrow, rounded lobe on the venter and a broad, rounded lobe on the flank.</p><p>The second specimen (Abich 1878: pl. 2 fig. 3, pl. 3 fig. 1) has a whorl width of about 35 mm (Fig. 3A) and corresponds to the larger one in conch shape and sculpture. The specimen has a broadly rounded umbilical margin. It shows that there are neither ventrolateral nor umbilical nodes; the flank appears to be smooth.</p><p>New genus D dorsoplicatum occupies a morphologically isolated position in the family Tainoceratidae due to the presence of only a single row of ventral nodes. The species is probably not represented in the new collections from NW Iran.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF929E543C2FFEE7FD8EE74E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF939E553C04FEE7FAC4E5AF.text	03D4F01AFF939E553C04FEE7FAC4E5AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corotainoceras inerme Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Corotainoceras inerme gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 559DBF42-CD82-4777-8150-564C7FF44B50</p><p>Fig. 37; Table 22</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Corotainoceras with thinly pachyconic, subevolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.62; uw/dm ~ 0.30), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.45) and extremely high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.55) at a conch diameter of 100 mm. Whorl profile inverted trapezoidal with gently convergent flanks; venter tectiform with broad longitudinal midventral groove, flanks flattened, umbilical margin broadly rounded. Sculpture with about 6 coarse blunt conical nodes on the umbilical margin per volution; venter without nodes. Suture line with shallow external lobe, very shallow ventrolateral lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ inerme ’ (adjective, n.)=‘unarmed’; because of the lack of nodes on the venter.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • Zal; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2013; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 37; MB.C.32063.</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32063 is a partly corroded, but otherwise fairly well-preserved, fully chambered specimen with a conch diameter of 101 mm; the total diameter including the body chamber has been about 150 mm. It allows the study of one volution (Fig. 37A). It is thinly pachyconic and subevolute (ww/dm= 0.62; uw/dm=0.30) with a weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh =1.44) and an extremely high coiling rate (WER= 2.53). The whorl profile is widest at the broadly rounded umbilical margin, from where the steep umbilical wall approaches the umbilical seam. The flanks converge strongly towards the broadly rounded but distinct ventrolateral shoulder. The shape of the venter in the whorl profile is tectiform with a 16 mm wide midventral groove (Fig. 37B). The sculpture consists of six prominent, isolated conical umbilical nodes in the last volution; these become weaker in the course of the last volution. No nodes are visible on the venter. The suture line has a prominent but rounded external lobe and a wide and shallow lateral lobe showing a weak subdivision by a low saddle (with the position at the ventrolateral shoulder; Fig. 37C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Corotainoceras inerme gen. et sp. nov. has a conch shape similar to that of some species of Tainoceras and the new genus D to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press); this means that the whorl profile is inverted trapezoidal with rapidly converging flanks, a wide venter and a very steep umbilical wall. However, species such as T. duttoni, E. dorsoplicaum and E. lutense have rows of tubercles on the ventral side. The latter lacks the umbilical nodes, which are developed as longitudinal tubercles in T. duttoni .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF939E553C04FEE7FAC4E5AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF919E573C1EFE02FAD3E55D.text	03D4F01AFF919E573C1EFE02FAD3E55D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tainionautilus Mojsisovics 1902	<div><p>Genus Tainionautilus Mojsisovics, 1902</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nautilus transitorius Waagen, 1879; subsequent designation by Diener (1915).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Tainoceratidae with subinvolute or subevolute conch; whorl profile usually subquadrate with shallow midventral longitudinal groove. Umbilical margin usually pronounced and subangular in the intermediate stage, but rounded in the adult stage. Sculpture with blunt ribs on flanks and outer part of the venter; ribs sometimes forming nodes. Suture line with shallow external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe. Siphuncle small with subcentral position ventrad of septum centre.</p><p>Included Permian species</p><p>Pakistan (Waagen 1879; Reed 1931): Nautilus transitorius Waagen, 1879, Changhsingian, Salt Range; Nautilus Wynnei Waagen, 1879, Changhsingian, Salt Range; Tainoceras Noetlingi var. subglobosa Reed, 1931, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range;</p><p>Dolomites (Mojsisovics 1869; Caneva 1906): Nautilus fugax Mojsisovics, 1869, Changhsingian; Pleuronautilus Darini Caneva, 1906, Changhsingian;</p><p>NW Iran (this paper): Tainionautilus deinceps sp. nov., Changhsingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Tainionautilus differs from Tainoceras mainly in the absence of the ventral row of nodes. In Tainionautilus, the ventrolateral nodes have been modified into radial, curved ribs directed posteriorly on the venter.</p><p>Tainionautilus may be one of the genera of Palaeozoic nautiloids that survived the mass extinction at the Permian–Triassic boundary. In addition to the few species from the Late Permian, the species T. trachyceras (Frech, 1905) from Early Triassic strata of the Salt Range was mentioned by Frech (1905). Brühwiler et al. (2012) mentioned this species from the Fleminigites nanus Beds of the Smithian stage.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF919E573C1EFE02FAD3E55D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF919E513C6EF980FEA5E07D.text	03D4F01AFF919E513C6EF980FEA5E07D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tainionautilus deinceps Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Tainionautilus deinceps sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C3803C00-1BBD-42EF-B58A-FDD573CCE5C5</p><p>Fig. 38; Table 23</p><p>Tainionautilus sp. – Shimansky 1965b: 158, pl. 15 fig. 8.</p><p>? Tainionautilus sp. indet. – Teichert &amp; Kummel 1973: 419, pl. 3 figs 9–10.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Tainionautilus with thinly pachyconic, subinvolute conch and nearly quadrate whorl profile at a conch diameter of about 50 mm. Whorl profile with nearly parallel flanks; venter flattened with a very shallow longitudinal midventral groove, flanks slightly convex and weakly convergent, umbilical margin and ventrolateral shoulder broadly rounded. Sculpture with five rounded ribs per quarter volution, extending in forward direction from the umbilical margin and turn back on the flank. Occasionally, ribs are intercalated on the midflank. Venter almost smooth.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ deinceps ’ (adj.) =‘forward’; because of the course of the ribs on the inner flank.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • Ali Bashi N; Paratirolites Limestone (3.15 m below top) of the Ali Bashi Formation (late Changhsingian); 2012; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 38; MB.C.32064.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32064 is a segment of slightly over a quarter whorl, with a whorl height of 21 mm (Fig. 38A). Its whorl profile is weakly depressed and almost quadrate. The flanks are nearly parallel, while the umbilical margin and ventrolateral shoulder are rounded. The venter is flattened and has a shallow median groove (Fig. 38B). The sculpture is composed of low, fold-like ribs that are coarsest on the inner half of the flank. The ribs originate from the outer area of the umbilical wall and extend forward. As they reach the middle of the flank, they bend backwards and gradually weaken. They are hardly visible on the venter. Secondary ribs may occasionally appear between the primary ribs on the middle of the flank.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Shimansky (1965b: 158) illustrated a specimen that likely belongs to this species, but kept it in open nomenclature. He listed four specimens, which came from the Paratirolites Limestone.</p><p>It is less clear whether the specimen of “ Tainionautilus sp. indet.” (MCZ 9760) described by Teichert &amp; Kummel (1973: 419) also belongs to T. deinceps sp. nov. With a whorl height of 30 mm, it has a more depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.35) than the holotype of T. deinceps (ww/wh ~ 1.25). However, this difference could be due to ontogenetic changes; the holotype has a whorl height of only 21 mm. The specimen illustrated by Shimansky (1965b: pl. 15 fig. 8) lies in between (ww/wh ~1.30) with a whorl height of 25 mm.</p><p>Tainionautilus deinceps sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from the other species of the genus by the very prominent, anteriorly directed ribs on the inner half of the flank. In T. deinceps the ribs are weakly developed in the ventrolateral region, whereas in the other species they are most strongly developed there.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF919E513C6EF980FEA5E07D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF979E513C1CFCA1FBD8E4B3.text	03D4F01AFF979E513C1CFCA1FBD8E4B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tirolonautilus Mojsisovics 1902	<div><p>Genus Tirolonautilus Mojsisovics, 1902</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nautilus crux Stache, 1877, subsequent designation by Kummel (1953).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Tainoceratidae with subinvolute or subevolute conch; whorl profile trapezoidal with concave venter and subangular ventrolateral shoulder. Flanks convergent or nearly parallel, umbilical margin broadly rounded. Sculpture with one row of longitudinally elongated ribs on the ventrolateral shoulder; flanks smooth or with weak ribs. Suture line with moderately deep, rounded external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe. Siphuncle small with subcentral position ventrad of septum centre.</p><p>Included Permian species</p><p>Southern Europe and Alps (Stache 1877; Merla 1930; Schréter 1974): Nautilus crux Stache, 1877, Changhsingian, Dolomites; Nautilus sebedinus Stache, 1877, Changhsingian, Dolomites; Nautilus Hoernesi Stache, 1877, Changhsingian, Dolomites [synonym of Tirolonautilus sebedinus (Stache, 1877)]; Metacoceras discoideum Merla, 1930, Changhsingian, Dolomites [synonym of Tirolonautilus crux (Stache, 1877)]; Tirolonautilus bicristatus Merla, 1930, Changhsingian, Dolomites [synonym of Tirolonautilus sebedinus (Stache, 1877)]; Tirolonautilus lativentralis Schréter, 1974, Changhsingian, Bűkk Mountains; Tirolonautilus cruciformis Schréter, 1974, Changhsingian, Bűkk Mountains.</p><p>Saudi Arabia (Chirat et al. 2006): Tirolonautilus feltgeni Chirat et al. 2006, Changhsingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Tirolonautilus can be identified by the distinctly trapezoidal whorl profile with the sulcate venter, the longitudinal ribs on the ventrolateral shoulder and the absence of sculpture on umbilical margin. The genus has a similar morphology to Tainionautilus, but the whorl profile is usually more compressed and the venter is more deeply concave.</p><p>Tirolonautilus is a genus that has only been found in a few regions. Several species have been described from the Bellerophon Limestone of the Dolomites, including those by Stache (1877), Merla (1930), Posenato &amp; Prinoth (2004) and Prinoth &amp; Posenato (2007). Additionally, reports of Tirolonautilus have come from Saudi Arabia (Chirat et al. 2006) and Azerbaijan (Kotlyar et al. 1983).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF979E513C1CFCA1FBD8E4B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF949E523C93FEE6FDD5E0DC.text	03D4F01AFF949E523C93FEE6FDD5E0DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tirolonautilus undefined-1	<div><p>Tirolonautilus sp. 1</p><p>Fig. 39</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Aras Valley; Zal Member of the Ali Bashi Formation (early Changhsingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 39; MB.C.32065 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32065 is a distorted individual with a diameter of 62 mm (Fig. 39). Despite being laterally crushed and deformed, it still exhibits recognisable conch, sculpture, and suture characters. Its shape is thinly discoidal and subinvolute, with clearly parallel flanks. The ventrolateral shoulder is pronounced, and the venter is concave with a rather deep longitudinal groove. On each side, between this groove and the ventrolateral shoulder, there are two rows of nodes elongated in the growth direction. These nodes create a tuberculate outline of the whorl spiral. On the last volution, there are 15 of these nodes.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The specimen is too poorly preserved for a more detailed discussion. It appears that the umbilicus is narrower than in Tirolonautilus sp. 2 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF949E523C93FEE6FDD5E0DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF949E533C93F943FC04E1F8.text	03D4F01AFF949E533C93F943FC04E1F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tirolonautilus undefined-2	<div><p>Tirolonautilus sp. 2</p><p>Fig. 40</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi 4; Paratirolites Limestone (2.80 m below top) of the Ali Bashi Formation (late Changhsingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 40B; MB.C. 32066 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32066 is a badly corroded and thus poorly preserved individual with a diameter of 93 mm (Fig. 40B). It can, however, because of its characteristic longitudinal nodes on the venter on both sides of the deep median groove (Fig. 40), be attributed to the genus Tirolonautilus . These nodes extend, at least at the beginning of the last whorl, as low ribs towards the midflank, where they wedge out.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The conch form and sculpture of the specimen from Julfa bears some resemblance to T. sebedinus from the Dolomites (Prinoth &amp; Posenato 2007). However, the ribs on the flank are noticeably sharper in T. sebedinus and extend towards the umbilical margin. Unfortunately, the poor preservation of the specimen from Ali Bashi precludes a more detailed discussion.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF949E533C93F943FC04E1F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF959E4C3C77F921FBB8E1DF.text	03D4F01AFF959E4C3C77F921FBB8E1DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liroceratina Flower 1955	<div><p>Suborder Liroceratina Flower, 1955</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Suborder of the order Nautilida, in which an umbilical margin is formed early in ontogeny; advanced species may regress this character. Conch usually pachyconic and rarely discoidal or globular, subinvolute to involute. Juvenile whorl profile circular. Adult whorl profile usually circular or depressed oval without distinct ventrolateral shoulder in the early species, showing modifications during evolution (inverted trapezoidal with convergent flanks and flattened venter). Dorsal whorl zone always present, small to moderately deep. Juvenile sculpture with spiral lines that may be restricted to the umbilical area in the early species; adult sculpture usually lacking except for spiral lines in some species. Septa simply domed in the early species; with dorsal inflexion in advanced species and with corrugated septa in two derived clades. Suture line depending on the whorl profile, usually with shallow lobes and low saddles; with distinct lobes in two clades (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included superfamilies</p><p>Liroceratoidea Hyatt, 1900 (Carboniferous to Triassic); Ephippioceratoidea Miller &amp; Youngquist, 1949 (Carboniferous to Permian); Clydonautiloidea Hyatt, 1900 (Triassic to Jurassic).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A discussion of the suborder Liroceratina has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF959E4C3C77F921FBB8E1DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF8A9E4C3C1FFD1FFB8AE619.text	03D4F01AFF8A9E4C3C1FFD1FFB8AE619.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liroceratoidea Hyatt 1900	<div><p>Superfamily Liroceratoidea Hyatt, 1900</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Superfamily of the suborder Liroceratina with a pachyconic and rarely discoidal or globular, subinvolute to involute conch. Whorl profile usually circular or depressed oval without distinct ventrolateral shoulder; in some species with a pronounced but rounded ventrolateral shoulder. Dorsal whorl zone usually small to moderately deep. Juvenile sculpture in the early species with spiral lines that may be restricted to the umbilical area; derived species are often smooth. Suture line very simple, almost straight across flanks and venter (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included families</p><p>Liroceratidae Miller &amp; Youngquist, 1949 (Carboniferous to Triassic); Coloceratidae Hyatt, 1893 [homonym; synonym of Liroceratidae Miller &amp; Youngquist, 1949]; Paranautilidae Kummel in Flower &amp; Kummel, 1950 (Triassic); Permonautilidae Barskov &amp; Shilovsky, 2014 (Permian); Planetoceratidae Korn, 2025 (Carboniferous); Julfanautilidae fam. nov. (Permian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of the Liroceratoidea has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF8A9E4C3C1FFD1FFB8AE619	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF8A9E4D3FC2FA5DFBBBE07B.text	03D4F01AFF8A9E4D3FC2FA5DFBBBE07B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liroceratidae Miller & Youngquist 1949	<div><p>Family Liroceratidae Miller &amp; Youngquist, 1949</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Liroceratoidea with a usually pachyconic or globular, subinvolute to subevolute conch. Whorl profile in the adult stage usually more or less strongly depressed; flanks and venter form a continuous arch in the early species, the venter can be flattened or concave in advanced species. Umbilical margin rounded; umbilical wall usually convex. Ornament usually consisting of fine growth lines; spiral lines occur in some genera. Septum simple in shape, concavely domed; suture line very simple, almost straight across flanks and venter or with small lobes and saddles (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Solenoceras Hyatt, 1884 [homonym of Solenoceras Conrad, 1860; objective synonym of Coelogasteroceras]; Coelogasteroceras Hyatt, 1893 (Carboniferous to Permian); Coloceras Hyatt, 1893 [homonym of Coloceras Taschenberg, 1882; synonym of Liroceras Teichert, 1940]; Stearoceras Hyatt, 1893 (Carboniferous to Permian); Peripetoceras Hyatt, 1894 (Carboniferous to Permian); Potoceras Hyatt, 1894 (Carboniferous); Nannoceras Hyatt, 1894 [nomen nullum; synonym of Peripetoceras]; Conradiceras Cossmann, 1900 [objective synonym of Coelogasteroceras]; Liroceras Teichert, 1940 (Carboniferous to Permian); Condraoceras Miller, Lane &amp; Unklesbay, 1947 (Carboniferous to Permian); Periptoceras Chao, 1954 [nomen nullum; synonym of Peripetoceras]; Hemiliroceras Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954 (Carboniferous to Permian); Bistrialites Turner, 1954 (Carboniferous); Pseudophacoceras Turner, 1966 (Carboniferous); Neobistrialites Tucker, Mapes &amp; Aronoff, 1978 (Carboniferous); Jianoceras Ma, 1997 (Permian); Nemdoceras Barskov &amp; Shilovsky, 2014 (Permian); Paraliroceras Barskov &amp; Shilovsky, 2014 (Permian); Tatianautilus Barskov &amp; Shilovsky, 2014 (Permian); Leniceras Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin, 2020 (Permian); Shikhanonautilus Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin, 2020 (Permian); Thyoceras Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin, 2020 (Permian); Celeroliroceras gen. nov. (Permian); Perunautilus Crick &amp; Sobolev, 1994 (Triassic); Tomponautilus Sobolev, 1989 (Triassic).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of the Liroceratidae has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF8A9E4D3FC2FA5DFBBBE07B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF8B9E4F3C68FCBAFAACE2B8.text	03D4F01AFF8B9E4F3C68FCBAFAACE2B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liroceras Teichert 1940	<div><p>Genus Liroceras Teichert, 1940</p><p>Type species</p><p>Coloceras liratum Girty, 1911; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Liroceratidae with pachyconic to globular, involute or subinvolute conch; umbilicus closed by a plug in some species. The first whorl is 10–20 mm in diameter with a very small umbilical foramen; the conch is rapidly increasing in height with a high coiling rate (WER usually higher than 2.50). Whorls weakly embracing, their profile ranges from reniform to nearly circular. Juvenile conch with longitudinal ridges or lines; adult ornament with growth lines with a fairly deep ventral sinus and spiral lines in some species. Septa without inflexions, slightly concave. Suture line simple, nearly straight with a shallow, broadly rounded internal lobe. The siphuncle has a position between the centre of the septum and the venter (after Gordon 1965; Shimansky 1967).</p><p>Included Carboniferous species</p><p>North America (Shumard &amp; Swallow 1858; Miller &amp; Gurley 1897; Girty 1911; Miller et al. 1933; Newell 1936; Unklesbay 1962; Gordon 1965): Nautilus Missouriensis Swallow, 1858, Bashkirian, Missouri; Solenochilus henryvillense Miller &amp; Gurley, 1897, Viséan, Indiana; Coloceras liratum Girty, 1911, Moscovian, Oklahoma; Coloceras liratum var. obsoletum Girty, 1911, Moscovian, Oklahoma; Coloceras greenei Miller, Dunbar &amp; Condra, 1933, Kasimovian, Oklahoma; Coloceras milleri Newell, 1936, Kasimovian, Kansas; Coloceras reticulatum Miller &amp; Owen, 1937, Kasimovian, Oklahoma; Liroceras patulum Unklesbay, 1962, Bashkirian, Arkansas; Liroceras bicostatum Gordon, 1965, Serpukhovian, Arkansas.</p><p>British Isles (Foord 1891; Hind 1910; Turner 1954; Ramsbottom &amp; Moore 1961): Coelonautilus Derbiensis Foord, 1891, Viséan, Derbyshire; Coelonautilus Derbiensis var. globulare Foord, 1891, Viséan, Isle of Man; Solenocheilus globosus Hind, 1910, Bashkirian, Lancashire; Liroceras lunense Turner, 1954, Serpukhovian, Yorkshire; Liroceras leitrimense Ramsbottom &amp; Moore, 1961, Viséan, Ireland.</p><p>Central Europe (Trenkner 1868; Hyatt 1894; Miller et al. 1933; Schmidt 1951): Nautilus grundensis Trenkner, 1868, Viséan, Harz Mountains; Coloceras globatum Hyatt, 1894, Viséan, Belgium; Coloceras hyatti Miller, Dunbar &amp; Condra, 1933, Viséan, Belgium; Liroceras occlusor Schmidt, 1951, Viséan, Harz Mountains; Liroceras schaelkense Schmidt, 1951, Viséan, Rhenish Mountains.</p><p>North Africa (Korn &amp; Klug 2023): Liroceras karaouii Korn &amp; Klug, 2023, Viséan, Anti-Atlas; Liroceras vermis Korn &amp; Klug, 2023, Serpukhovian, Anti-Atlas.</p><p>Western Russia (Eichwald 1857; Shimansky 1967): Nautilus excentricus Eichwald, 1857, Serpukhovian, Western Russia; Liroceras fornicatum Shimansky, 1967, Serpukhovian, Western Russia; Liroceras devjatovense Shimansky, 1967, Moscovian, Moscow Basin.</p><p>Urals (Shimansky 1967): Liroceras praelunense Shimansky, 1967, Viséan, North Urals; Liroceras ruzhencevi Shimansky, 1967, Serpukhovian, South Urals.</p><p>North China (Ruan &amp; Zhou 1987): Liroceras reniforme Ruan &amp; Zhou, 1987, Bashkirian, Ningxia.</p><p>Included Permian species</p><p>North America (Hyatt 1893): Coloceras globulare Hyatt, 1893, Artinskian, Texas.</p><p>Central and Southern Europe (Gemmellaro 1889; Prinoth &amp; Posenato 2007): Endolobus salomonensis Gemmellaro, 1889, Wordian, Sicily; Liroceras gardenense Prinoth &amp; Posenato, 2007, Changhsingian, Dolomites.</p><p>Western Russia, Urals (Yakovlev 1899; Kruglov 1928; Barskov et al. 2014; Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin 2020): Asymptoceras korulkense Yakovlev, 1899, Sakmarian, South Urals; Coloceras (?) sarvaensis Kruglov, 1928, Sakmarian (?), South Urals; Coloceras abichi var. tastubense Kruglov, 1928, Sakmarian (?), South Urals; Liroceras volgense Barskov &amp; Shilovsky, 2014, Roadian, Western Russia; Liroceras shakhtauense Leonova &amp; Shchedukhin, 2020, Asselian or Sakmarian, South Urals.</p><p>NW Iran (this paper): Liroceras choopani sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Central Iran (Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press): new species P to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Pakistan (Reed 1944): Liroceras bakhense Reed, 1944, Wuchiapingian, Salt Range.</p><p>South China (Chao 1940, 1954; Xu 1977; Zhao et al. 1978; Liang 1984; Wu &amp; Kuang 1992): Coloceras sinense Chao, 1940, Kungurian, Hunan; Peripetoceras hsueyuechiani Chao, 1954, Kungurian, Hunan; Liroceras orientale Chao, 1954, Kungurian, Hunan; Ephippioceras hunanense Chao, 1954, Kungurian, Hunan; Liroceras didmyoaurise Xu, 1977, Kungurian, Hunan; Liroceras meishanense Zhao, Liang &amp; Zheng, 1978, Changhsingian, Zhejiang; Liroceras chenxianense Liang, 1984, Changhsingian, Hunan; Liroceras lichuanense Wu &amp; Kuang, 1992, Changhsingian, Hubei.</p><p>Indopacific (Haniel 1915): Nautilus Molengraaffi Haniel, 1915, Wuchiapingian, Timor.</p><p>Madagascar (Vaillant-Couturier Treat 1933): Nautilus waterloti Vaillant-Couturier Treat, 1933, Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The genus Liroceras was introduced by Teichert (1940) for those Carboniferous and Permian nautiloids that were previously mostly included in the genus Coloceras Hyatt, 1893 . The name Coloceras had already been used by Taschenberg (1882) as a subgenus for recent Mallophaga.</p><p>Liroceras has a stratigraphic range from the Viséan to the Changhsingian and is represented by species at almost all stages of this long interval. At the same time, Liroceras is geographically widespread, both in the Carboniferous and in the Permian. Liroceras is also known from different facies areas; Early Carboniferous species are known from shallower and deeper areas of the shelf. In the Late Permian, the genus was more common in the shallower areas of the sea, as suggested by the occurrences at Julfa, where it co-occurs with the morphologically similar and closely related genus Permonautilus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF8B9E4F3C68FCBAFAACE2B8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF899E4A3C44FDFFFD77E05F.text	03D4F01AFF899E4A3C44FDFFFD77E05F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Liroceras choopani Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Liroceras choopani sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 47A75088-13DD-4168-B8B0-07AEAA7A93E5</p><p>Figs 41–42; Table 24</p><p>Liroceras sp. indet. – Teichert et al. 1973: 401, pl. 8 fig. 9.</p><p>Liroceras sp. – Gliwa et al. 2020: text-fig. 17e.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Liroceras with thinly globular, involute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.85–0.90; uw/dm ~ 0.05), moderately depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~ 1.50–1.65) and high to very high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.00–2.35) between a conch diameter of 75 and 135 mm. Whorl profile with broadly arched venter and flanks, broadly rounded umbilical margin and convex umbilical wall and deep imprint zone (IZR ~ 0.40). Ornament with coarse, convex growth lines and coarse spiral lines. Suture line nearly straight.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Hadi Choopan, former Iranian Mr Olympia, referring to the most robust nautiloid found in the Julfa assemblage.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • Zal; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 41A; MB.C.32067.</p><p>Paratypes</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; illustrated in Fig. 41B–C; MB.C.32068 • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi 4; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.32069 • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; 2010; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32070 • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); illustrated in Fig. 42; GLM #GH1005. – West Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2013; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 41D–E; MB.C.29350.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32067 is an incomplete specimen with a conch diameter of approximately 133 mm (Fig. 41A). The proportions of the conch can only be estimated; the specimen was apparently globular (ww/dm ~ 0.90) with an almost closed umbilicus and a moderately high coiling rate (WER ~ 2.10). The whorl profile is semilunate and widest at the broadly rounded umbilical margin; it has a deep imprint zone (IZR ~0.40). Flanks and venter are continuously rounded to form a hemisphere. Shell remains show very coarse growth lines, which extend with a convex arch across the flanks and form a deep, subangular ventral sinus. A second element of ornament are coarse spiral lines, which are almost of the same strength as the growth lines, together forming a reticulated ornament.</p><p>Paratype MB.C.32068 with a conch diameter of 112 mm was sectioned for studying the conch ontogeny (Fig. 41B), but the inner whorls are recrystallised or deformed. However, it shows an almost isometric ontogeny between 48 and 113 mm diameter. During this interval of one and a half volutions, the conch changes from thickly pachyconic (ww/dm =0.82 at 48.5 mm dm) to thinly globular (ww/dm = 0.87 at 113 mm dm). The umbilicus is almost closed (uw/dm decreases from 0.06 to 0.02). The suture line of the specimen is almost straight with a very shallow external lobe and an also very shallow lateral lobe (Fig. 41C).</p><p>The smaller fragmentary paratype MB.C.29350 with a conch diameter of 50 mm had to be reconstructed for its conch proportions (Fig. 41E), but it is evident that it is slightly slenderer than the two large specimens (ww/dm ~0.78). This specimen is preserved with shell material that shows rhythmically reinforced growth lines extending with a broadly rounded lateral projection and a deep subangular ventral sinus.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Liroceras choopani sp. nov. is one of the few species in the species-rich genus with an almost closed umbilicus and is therefore easy to distinguish from many other species, which usually have a uw/ dm ratio of about 0.20. Among the Middle and Late Permian species with a nearly closed umbilicus, L. meishanense and L. hsuechuechiani (Chao, 1854) are slender (ww/dm ~0.57 and 0.67, respectively), L. gardenense and L. didmyoaurise are stouter (ww/dm&gt; 0.90) at comparable conch diameters.</p><p>Large specimens of L. choopani sp. nov. have a coarser ornamentation consisting of growth lines and spiral lines. Such an adult ornament is not known from other species, although only a few species with a conch diameter of over 100 mm are known.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF899E4A3C44FDFFFD77E05F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF8C9E4A3C6CFC9FFBB8E4AD.text	03D4F01AFF8C9E4A3C6CFC9FFBB8E4AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Celeroliroceras Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Genus Celeroliroceras gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DDB55D63-9584-47C5-B8B4-BD69879FDB4F</p><p>New genus G – Korn 2025: 66.</p><p>Type species</p><p>Celeroliroceras celere gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Liroceratidae with globular, involute or subinvolute conch. The conch is rapidly increasing in height with an extraordinarily high coiling rate (WER higher than 3.50). Whorls very weakly embracing with nearly circular profile. Adult ornament very weak. Septa without inflexions, slightly concave. Suture line simple, nearly straight to straight with shallow lobes.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Combination of the Latin ‘ celere ’ (adjective, n.) =‘fast’ and Liroceras; because of the conch geometry with the extraordinarily high coiling rate.</p><p>Included species</p><p>NW Iran (this paper): Celeroliroceras celere gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Celeroliroceras gen. nov. is a genus that differs from Liroceras in its extraordinarily high coiling rate of the conch. The type species has a whorl expansion rate of over 3.60, a value far above that of most species of Liroceras . The whorl expansion rate of liroceratids is usually around 2.50. The new species is therefore placed in its own genus.</p><p>The conch of Celeroliroceras gen. nov. is very reminiscent of that of the genus Solenochilus Meek &amp; Worthen, 1870, which is also characterised by an exceptionally high whorl expansion rate. However, the position of the siphuncle, central in Celeroliroceras and marginally ventral in Solenochilus, indicates that both genera belong to phylogenetically distant evolutionary lineages.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF8C9E4A3C6CFC9FFBB8E4AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF8D9E443C0DFEE6FB77E0EF.text	03D4F01AFF8D9E443C0DFEE6FB77E0EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Celeroliroceras celere Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Celeroliroceras celere gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B1A2F8FC-0603-4F60-A7BA-5E5735C44FF2</p><p>Fig. 43; Table 25</p><p>Liroceras sp. – Gliwa et al. 2020: text-fig. 17g.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Celeroliroceras gen. nov. with thinly globular, subinvolute to involute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.85–0.90; uw/dm ~ 0.15), weakly to moderately depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.40–1.60) and extraordinarily high coiling rate (WER ~3.60) between a conch diameter of 30 and 60 mm. Whorl profile with broadly arched venter and flanks, broadly rounded umbilical margin and convex umbilical wall and small imprint zone (IZR ~0.15). Shell surface smooths. Suture line nearly straight.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ celere ’ (adjective, n.)=‘fast’; because of the conch geometry with the extraordinarily high coiling rate.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 43; MB.C.29352.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.29352 is fully septate with a conch diameter of 57 mm (Fig. 43A). It is slightly deformed but relatively well preserved, allowing the study of conch geometry, suture line and, with limitations, ornamentation. The remarkable conch geometry is mainly caused by the extraordinarily high coiling rate (WER =3.60). The conch is globular and involute (ww/dm =0.88; uw/dm=0.14) and the ww/wh ration amounts 1.60. The whorl profile is crescent-shaped with a convex umbilical wall and a rounded umbilical margin from which the flanks converge strongly towards the broadly rounded venter (Fig. 43B). The whorl overlap zone is very small (IZR = 0.15). It appears that the whorl width increases faster than the whorl height on the last volution; the ww/wh ratio increases from 1.43 to 1.60 during the last half volution.</p><p>There are some shell remains attached to the phragmocone; these are almost smooth with no traces of ornamentation. The suture line is almost straight, but has a very flat and very wide external lobe (Fig. 43C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Celeroliroceras celere gen. et sp. nov. is very different from all other Late Permian nautiloids. It is clearly separable from the co-occurring Liroceras choopani sp. nov. by its extraordinarily high coiling rate (WER= 3.60 in contrast to 2.30 in L. choopani) and the much smaller whorl overlap rate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF8D9E443C0DFEE6FB77E0EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF839E463C62FE26FE47E1BC.text	03D4F01AFF839E463C62FE26FE47E1BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peripetoceras Hyatt 1894	<div><p>Genus Peripetoceras Hyatt, 1894</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nautilus Freieslebeni Geinitz, 1843; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Liroceratidae with pachyconic or rarely globular, involute or subinvolute conch. The conch is rapidly increasing in height with a very high to extremely high coiling rate (WER usually 2.40– 3.00). Whorls weakly embracing with nearly circular profile in the juvenile stage and with a flattened venter in the adult stage. Adult ornament very weak. Septa without inflexions, slightly concave. Suture line nearly straight to straight with shallow lobes.</p><p>Included Carboniferous species</p><p>North America (Gordon 1960, 1965; Tucker &amp; Mapes 1978; Tucker et al. 1978; Niko &amp; Mapes 2015, 2017): Peripetoceras whitei Gordon, 1960, Bashkirian, Indiana; Peripetoceras ozarkense Gordon, 1965, Serpukhovian, Arkansas; Peripetoceras bridgeportense Tucker &amp; Mapes, 1978, Kasimovian, Texas; Peripetoceras wewokense Tucker, Mapes &amp; Aronoff, 1978, Moscovian, Oklahoma; Peripetoceras milleri Niko &amp; Mapes, 2015, Serpukhovian, Arkansas; Peripetoceras kummeli Niko &amp; Mapes, 2017, Serpukhovian, Arkansas.</p><p>British Isles (Hind 1910; Bisat 1930): Cyclonautilus umbilicatus Hind, 1910, Bashkirian, Lancashire; Peripetoceras dubium Bisat, 1930, Bashkirian, Wales.</p><p>South Urals (Shimansky 1967): Peripetoceras cautum Shimansky, 1967, Serpukhovian.</p><p>Western Russia (Shimansky 1967): Peripetoceras globatoides Shimansky, 1967, Serpukhovian; Peripetoceras tormentum Shimansky, 1967, Serpukhovian; Peripetoceras fischeri Shimansky, 1967, Moscovian.</p><p>Included Permian species</p><p>Central Europe (Geinitz 1841; King 1850; Prinoth &amp; Posenato 2007): Nautilus Freieslebeni Geinitz, 1843, Wuchiapingian, Saxony; Nautilus bowerbankianus King, 1850, Wuchiapingian, England [synonym of Peripetoceras freieslebeni (Geinitz, 1843)]; Peripetoceras comploji Prinoth &amp; Posenato, 2007, Changhsingian, Dolomites; Peripetoceras gigas Prinoth &amp; Posenato, 2007, Changhsingian, Dolomites.</p><p>West Russia and Urals (Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky 1954; Barskov et al. 2014): Peripetoceras asselense Ruzhencev &amp; Shimansky, 1954, Artinskian, South Urals; Peripetoceras ideliense Barskov &amp; Shilovsky in Barskov et al., 2014, Roadian, West Russia; Peripetoceras burovi Barskov &amp; Shilovsky in Barskov et al., 2014, Roadian, West Russia.</p><p>NW Iran (this paper): Peripetoceras parum sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Indopacific (Haniel 1915): Nautilus Wanneri Haniel, 1915, Kungurian, Timor; Endolobus (Solenocheilus) Brouweri Haniel, 1915, Kungurian, Timor.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>According to Shimansky (1967), Peripetoceras differs from Liroceras in having a less involute conch, a shallow ventral lobe and a slightly dorsally displaced siphuncle. However, these characters do not always allow a reliable separation; the box-shaped or inverted trapezoidal whorl profile in the adult stage can also be used as a further distinguishing criterion. It is not certain whether the Permian species also have a displaced siphuncle. Coelogasteroceras is similar to Peripetoceras, but differs mainly in the concave venter.</p><p>Gordon (1965) and Shimansky (1967) considered Peripetoceras to be a very long-lived genus with a range from the late Early Carboniferous to the Late Permian. In fact, the Serpukhovian, Bashkirian and Moscovian species included in this genus are very similar to the Permian species, so it is a very conservative evolutionary line with little morphological change. In this respect, Peripetoceras would be comparable to Liroceras .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF839E463C62FE26FE47E1BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF809E473C5CFCE3FEA9E502.text	03D4F01AFF809E473C5CFCE3FEA9E502.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peripetoceras parum Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Peripetoceras parum sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4E83F0AE-DC82-4664-A104-362C6A5809DD</p><p>Fig. 45; Table 27</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Peripetoceras with thickly pachyconic, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.75; uw/dm ~ 0.15), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.45) and extremely high coiling rate (WER ~2.65) at a conch diameter of 70 mm. Whorl profile rounded rectangular with flatly arched venter and flanks, broadly rounded ventrolateral shoulder and umbilical margin, convex umbilical wall and a moderately deep imprint zone (IZR ~0.25). Suture line with extremely shallow external and lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>From the Latin ‘ parum ’ (adjective, n.)= ‘even’; because of the nearly straight suture line.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • Aras Valley; Vedioceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (late Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 45; MB.C.32072.</p><p>Paratype</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; same data as for holotype; 2018; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.32073 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32072 is a fairly complete but corroded specimen with a conch diameter of 70 mm (Fig. 45B). It is thickly pachyconic and subinvolute (ww/dm = 0.77; uw/dm = 0.16). The conch is expanding rapidly and has a very high coiling rate (WER = 2.67). On the last volution there are some changes in the shape of the whorl profile observable: while the cross section at the beginning of the last whorl is rather circular, at the end it is depressed (ww/wh= 1.44) with a flattened venter and slightly flattened flanks. The ventrolateral shoulder is rounded, as is the umbilical margin; the umbilical wall is steep and slightly flattened (Fig. 45A). The suture line extends with shallow undulation and possesses very shallow external and lateral lobes (Fig. 45C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Peripetoceras parum sp. nov. differs from the other Late Permian species of the genus in its general conch shape. Peripetoceras comploji and P. gigas are stouter and narrower umbilicate (ww/dm ~ 0.85; uw/dm ~0.10) than P. parum (ww/dm ~0.75; uw/dm ~0.15). However, it should be noted that the first two species were described from very large specimens, approximately twice the size of the holotype of P. parum . Peripetoceras freieslebeni has a slenderer conch (ww/dm ~ 0.65) than P. parum .</p><p>The two Roadian species P. ideliense and P. burovi have a significantly larger umbilicus (uw/dm ~0.30) than P. parum sp. nov. Of the Kungurian species P. wanneri and P. brouweri, the former is slenderer (ww/dm ~0.70) and the latter is stouter (ww/dm ~ 0.85). Peripetoceras parum sp. nov. also differs from P. wanneri in having a much more rounded ventrolateral shoulder and less clearly flattened flanks and venter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF809E473C5CFCE3FEA9E502	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF819E403FE8F945FB33E289.text	03D4F01AFF819E403FE8F945FB33E289.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Permonautilidae Barskov & Shilovsky 2014	<div><p>Family Permonautilidae Barskov &amp; Shilovsky, 2014</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Liroceratoidea with a pachyconic or globular, usually subinvolute to subevolute conch. Whorl profile in the adult stage usually more or less strongly depressed; flanks and venter form a continuous arch in the early forms, the venter can be flattened or concave in advanced forms. Terminal aperture with long lateral shell processes emerging from the umbilical margin. Ornament consisting of fine or coarse growth lines. Septum simple in shape, concavely domed; suture line very simple, almost straight across flanks and venter or with small lobes and saddles (from Korn 2025).</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Permonautilus Kruglov, 1933 (Permian); Alexandronautilus Shimansky, 1962 (Permian) [synonym of Permonautilus Kruglov, 1933].</p><p>Remarks</p><p>A detailed discussion of the family Permonautilidae has been given by Korn (2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF819E403FE8F945FB33E289	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF869E403C08FDCCFC29E528.text	03D4F01AFF869E403C08FDCCFC29E528.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Permonautilus Abichi - Kruglov 1933	<div><p>Genus Permonautilus Kruglov, 1933</p><p>Type species</p><p>Nautilus cornutus Golovkinsky, 1868; original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the family Permonautilidae with pachyconic or globular, usually subinvolute to subevolute conch. Whorl profile in the adult stage usually more or less strongly depressed; flanks and venter form a continuous arch in the early forms, the venter can be flattened or concave in advanced forms. Terminal aperture with long lateral shell processes emerging from the umbilical margin. Ornament consisting of fine or coarse growth lines. Septum simple in shape, concavely domed; suture line very simple, almost straight across flanks and venter or with small lobes and saddles.</p><p>Included species</p><p>Greenland (Tichy 1975): Permonautilus halleri Tichy, 1975, Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Western Russia (Golovkinsky 1868; Kruglov 1933; Barskov et al. 2014): Nautilus cornutus Golovkinsky, 1868, Roadian; Permonautilus pinegaensis Kruglov, 1933, Roadian; Permonautilus parapinegaensis Barskov &amp; Shilovsky, 2014, Roadian; Permonautilus kruglovi Barskov &amp; Shilovsky, 2014, Roadian.</p><p>Transcaucasia (Kruglov 1933): Coloceras Abichi Kruglov, 1928, Wuchiapingian, Azerbaijan.</p><p>Central Iran (Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press): new species Q to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The species of Permonautilus have a very similar morphology; differences lie in the whorl width/whorl height ratio, the width of the umbilicus and the shape of the whorl profile. The genus is currently only known from the two Permian stages Roadian and Wuchiapingian; no representatives have yet been reported from the Wordian and Capitanian stages in between.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF869E403C08FDCCFC29E528	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFF869E7C3C02F96FFB1CE405.text	03D4F01AFF869E7C3C02F96FFB1CE405.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Permonautilus abichi (Kruglov 1928)	<div><p>Permonautilus abichi (Kruglov, 1928)</p><p>Figs 46–48; Table 28</p><p>Coloceras Abichi Kruglov, 1928: 89 .</p><p>Permonautilus Abichi – Kruglov 1933: 187 .</p><p>Permonautilus (Alexandronautilus) abichi – Shimansky 1962: 162, pl. 4 figs 4–5.</p><p>Permonautilus abichi – Shimansky 1965a: 41. — Gliwa et al. 2020: text-fig. 17f.</p><p>Nautilus excentricus – Abich 1878: 16, pl. 1 fig. 4.</p><p>Nautilus concavus – Abich 1878: 18, pl. 3 figs 3–4.</p><p>Nautilus cornutus – von Arthaber 1900: 211, pl. 18 fig. 1.</p><p>Liroceras sp. indet. – Teichert &amp; Kummel 1973: 424, pl. 3 figs 11–12.</p><p>? Nautilus propinquus Abich, 1878: 16, pl. 3 fig. 6.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Permonautilus with thickly pachyconic to thinly globular, subinvolute conch (ww/dm = 0.75– 0.90; uw/dm ~0.20), moderately depressed whorl profile (ww/wh= 1.70–2.00) and very high coiling rate (WER = 2.25–2.35) at a conch diameter of 40–80 mm. Whorl profile with broadly arched venter and flanks, broadly rounded umbilical margin, convex umbilical wall and moderately wide imprint zone (IZR ~ 0.20). Without sculpture. Suture line nearly straight.</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi N; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 46; MB.C.32074 • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi 4; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 47A–C; MB.C.32075 • 1 specimen; same data as for preceding; 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 47D; MB.C.32076 • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi 4; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; MB.C.32085 • 5 specimens; same data as for preceding; 2010; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32086 to MB.C.32090 • 1 specimen; same data as for preceding; 2002; Weyer leg.; MB.C.32091 • 1 specimen; Ali Bashi N; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32092 • 2 specimens; Zal; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2013; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32093, MB.C.32094 • 2 specimens; Ali Bashi; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); illustrated in Fig. 48A–B; GLM #GH1003, GLM #GH1001. – West Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2018; Ghaderi leg.; illustrated in Fig. 47E–F; MB.C.32077 • 1 specimen; same data as for preceding; illustrated in Fig. 47G–H; MB.C.29351 • 5 specimens; same data as for preceding; MB.C.32078 to MB.C.32082 • 1 specimen; Aras Valley; Araxoceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (early Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32083 • 1 specimen; same data as for preceding; 2018; Korn et al. leg.; MB.C.32084.</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32074 is probably a fully mature individual. It has a conch diameter of 134 mm and possesses the main criterion for adulthood, which are the umbilical shell processes (Fig. 46B). Although the specimen is slightly crushed ventrally, it is possible to obtain the main measurements of the conch. The conch is pachyconic in the terminal stage and the umbilicus is rather narrow (ww/dm = 0.74; uw/dm = 0.14). The whorl profile suffered from deformation, but the symmetry of the specimen suggests that the venter was probably concave near the terminal aperture. On both sides of the specimen there are remnants of lateral umbilical processes, hemispherical in section and about 22 mm in diameter. As they are broken it is impossible to determine their original length. The shell remains appear smooth but show traces of fine growth lines, which are almost straight in their course across the flank. The septa are crowded at the end of the phragmocone at a conch diameter of about 94 mm; the suture line has an almost straight course (Fig. 46C).</p><p>The smaller specimens show that intraspecific variation in conch geometry is rather limited. Specimen MB.C.32075 may serve as a characteristic example (Fig. 47A–B). It is a fragment with a conch diameter of 56 mm and has a globular and subinvolute shape (ww/dm= 0.88; uw/dm =0.19) with a moderately depressed whorl profile (ww/wh= 1.95) and a very high coiling rate (WER = 2.26). However, the specimen differs from the others in that it is the only individual to show remnants of a coarse ornament, visible only in a small area as impressions on the internal mould. It appears that the specimen has rather coarse growth lines, spaced about one millimetre apart, with a rather shallow and wide sinus extending across the venter. The suture line is almost straight (Fig. 47C).</p><p>Specimens MB.C.29351 (34 mm dm; Fig. 47G) and MB.C.32077 (51 mm dm; Fig. 47F) give an impression of the ontogenetic development of the conch, in which no major changes can be seen. The conch is thinly globular (ww/dm=0.95 and 0.88 respectively) and the whorl width is approximately twice the whorl height.</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32076 (78 mm dm; Fig. 47D) has a similar morphology but is slenderer (ww/dm =0.75). In this specimen the septa of two consecutive whorls can be seen. They show a displaced siphuncle with a diameter of 0.15 of the aperture height.</p><p>A characteristic visible in nearly all the specimens is the presence of a midventral longitudinal line on the internal mould, being produced by a thin internal groove in the shell. The character was already figured by Abich (1878: pl. 3 fig. 3) and described under the species “ Nautilus concavus ”.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Abich (1878) described the following species, which may belong to Permonautilus abichi:</p><p>• “ Nautilus excentricus Eichwald ”. – The fully chambered specimen with a conch diameter of 30 mm described and illustrated by Abich (1878: pl. 1 fig. 4) has an almost spherical shape with a rather wide umbilicus (uw/dm =0.40). Flanks and venter are broadly rounded. The suture line is almost straight but forms a shallow lobe on the venter.</p><p>• “ Nautilus propinquus, nov. form.”. – Abich (1878: pl. 3 fig. 6) described and illustrated only a small, chambered specimen with a conch diameter of about 20 mm. It shows a narrowly umbilicate conch with a clear umbilical margin and apparently broadly rounded flank and venter. The suture line is almost straight. This specimen is probably not suitable to characterise a species.</p><p>• “ Nautilus concavus Sowerby ”. – Abich (1878: pl. 3 figs 3–4) illustrated two fragments with about 50 mm and a conch diameter of 40 mm, respectively. The smaller specimen is better preserved and shows the whorl profile of an inner whorl. At a diameter of 16 mm, the conch is globular (ww/ dm= 1.03) with a very narrow umbilicus (uw/dm= 0.10) and a depressed whorl profile (ww/wh = 1.90). The whorl profile shows a shallow dorsal inflexion.</p><p>Already von Arthaber (1900) suggested that it is not clear whether the three species described by Abich (1878), “ Nautilus excentricus ”, “ Nautilus propinquus ” and “ Nautilus concavus ”, belong to one single species. He synonymised these three species with the Middle Permian Nautilus cornutus Golovkinsky, 1869 from the Volga Basin of Russia. In a revision of this occurrence, Kruglov (1928) discussed “ Nautilus excentricus ” of Abich and gave it the new name “ Coloceras Abichi ”. Kruglov (1933) later placed this species in his new genus Permonautilus . Shimansky (1962c) then used this species to found the new subgenus Permonautilus (Alexandronautilus), which should be distinguished from the nominal genus by the presence of thin transverse ribs. In a later account (Shimansky 1965a), however, he did not use this anymore. Barskov et al. (2014), when revising the Middle Permian cephalopods of the Volga-Ural region, also did not use the subgenus. Instead, they separated the genus Permonautilus and their new genus Nemdoceras from the Liroceratidae, for which they introduced the new family Permonautilidae that is characterised by their spiny umbilical projections.</p><p>The presence of umbilical shell processes in the material from Julfa was already suggested by von Arthaber (1900: 212), but the specimen he cited (von Arthaber 1900: pl. 18 fig. 1) is probably too small to have developed such projections. The large specimen MB.C.32074 now allows us to clearly assign the material to Permonautilus . Our material differs from the species from the Volga-Ural region mainly by the narrower umbilicus (uw/dm is about 0.15, in contrast to 0.20–0.30 in the species from the Volga).</p><p>Teichert &amp; Kummel (1973) did not list Permonautilus among their collection from Ali Bashi, although Shimansky (1965a) mentioned 28 specimens in his collection from the neighbouring sites north of the Aras River, meaning that it is a commonly occurring genus. It is most likely that the material attributed to Liroceras sp. indet. by Teichert &amp; Kummel (1973) in fact belongs to Permonautilus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFF869E7C3C02F96FFB1CE405	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFBB9E7D3C64FEE7FCECE63F.text	03D4F01AFFBB9E7D3C64FEE7FCECE63F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Julfanautilidae	<div><p>Family Julfanautilidae fam. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9B985B5C-9C06-4713-A6C1-763F6D4B4AA4</p><p>new family – Korn 2025: 65, 69, fig. 35.</p><p>Type genus</p><p>Julfanautilus gen. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Family of the superfamily Liroceratoidea with a usually pachyconic, subinvolute to involute conch. Whorl profile in the adult stage usually more or less strongly depressed; flanks and venter usually separated by distinct ventrolateral shoulder, venter flattened or concave. Umbilical margin subangular or angular; umbilical wall steep, flattened. Ornament usually consisting of fine growth lines. Septum simple in shape, concavely domed; suture line with shallow lobes on venter and flank.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after the type genus Julfanautilus gen. nov.</p><p>Included genera</p><p>Julfanautilus gen. nov. (Permian); new genus E to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) (Permian); new genus F to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) (Permian).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The family Julfanautilidae fam. nov. is characterised by a combination of characters not found in any other family of Palaeozoic nautilids. This is the combination of a rather stout conch with a very pronounced umbilical margin and also a sometimes pronounced ventrolateral shoulder. While the first character suggests a placement in the superfamily Liroceratoidea, the second and third characters show a closer morphological relationship to the superfamilies Pleuronautiloidea and Grypoceratoidea . Unfortunately, the early ontogenetic development of the conch in the species of the Julfanautilidae is not known. However, the material shows that the pronounced umbilical margin is present early in ontogeny and that this feature can therefore be considered apomorphic, whereas the ventrolateral shoulder does not assume a subangular shape until a late ontogenetic stage, if at all. Therefore, these forms are included here as a new family of the superfamily Liroceratoidea .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFBB9E7D3C64FEE7FCECE63F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFBB9E7E3C51FA61FE4CE1FB.text	03D4F01AFFBB9E7E3C51FA61FE4CE1FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Julfanautilus Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Genus Julfanautilus gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D5ED78D7-D4E4-43D0-B9E9-193D3554B4AB new genus H – Korn 2025: 69, fig. 35.</p><p>Type species</p><p>Julfanautilus ashourii gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Julfanautilidae fam. nov. with thinly pachyconic, involute or subinvolute conch. Conch rapidly increasing in height with an extremely or extraordinarily high coiling rate (WER higher than 2.50). Whorls weakly embracing, whorl profile weakly depressed. Venter weakly concave, umbilical margin usually narrowly rounded, umbilical wall flat and steep. Adult ornament with extremely fine growth lines. Septa without inflexions, slightly concave. Suture line simple with shallow external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Combination of the name of the type region and Nautilus .</p><p>Included species</p><p>NW Iran (this paper): Julfanautilus ashourii gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian; Julfanautilus hairapetiani gen. et sp. nov., Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Julfanautilus gen. nov. has some similarities to Coelogasteroceras, particularly in the pachyconic conch and the shape of the venter with the shallow median groove. However, the specimens of Coelogasteroceras have a rounded umbilical margin, which differs from the angulate or subangular umbilical margin in Julfanautilus . Since the shape of the umbilical margin is very stable in numerous Carboniferous and Permian nautiloids, this is also assumed for Julfanautilus . The similarity in venter shape between Coelogasteroceras and Julfanautilus is therefore interpreted as a case of convergent morphological evolution.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFBB9E7E3C51FA61FE4CE1FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFB89E7F3C01FD3CFE3DE662.text	03D4F01AFFB89E7F3C01FD3CFE3DE662.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Julfanautilus ashourii Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Julfanautilus ashourii gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B2ABF480-DEB4-43BA-97D1-80FFF3C2B11B</p><p>Fig. 49; Table 29</p><p>New genus H, new species – Korn 2025: 70, fig. 35.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Julfanautilus gen. nov. with a thinly pachyconic, subinvolute conch (ww/dm ~0.65; uw/dm ~0.25), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.30) and extraordinarily high coiling rate (WER ~ 3.10) at a conch diameter of 80 mm. Whorl profile with a weakly concave venter, a subangular ventrolateral shoulder, flatly convex and weakly convergent flanks, a narrowly rounded umbilical margin, a steep and flattened umbilical wall and a small imprint zone (IZR ~0.10). Suture line with a broadly rounded and shallow external lobe and a broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Ali Reza Ashouri (Mashhad), to acknowledge his support in the project.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • Aras Valley; Vedioceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (late Wuchiapingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 49; MB.C.32095.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32095 is a fully chambered conch with a diameter of 87 mm (Fig. 49A); suggesting a total diameter of approximately 150 mm including the body chamber. It is thinly pachyconic (ww/ dm = 0.62) and subinvolute (uw/dm= 0.24) with an extraordinarily high coiling rate (WER= 3.10). There is almost no whorl overlap. The whorls are widest at the pronounced, narrowly rounded umbilical margin; the umbilical wall is steep and flattened. The flanks converge towards the pronounced ventrolateral shoulder, which separates them from the broad and weakly flattened venter. The midventer possesses a very shallow longitudinal depression. Shell remains are not preserved. The suture line has a shallow, broadly rounded external lobe and a broad and shallow lateral lobe of equal depth (Fig. 49C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Julfanautilus ashourii gen. et sp. nov. differs from J. hairapetiani gen. et sp. nov. in the open umbilicus, which is closed in J. hairapetiani and in the higher coiling rate (WER ~ 3.10 in J. ashourii but only ~ 2.60 in J. hairapetiani).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFB89E7F3C01FD3CFE3DE662	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFB99E783C28FAA6FEEFE0A0.text	03D4F01AFFB99E783C28FAA6FEEFE0A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Julfanautilus hairapetiani Korn & Ghaderi 2025	<div><p>Julfanautilus hairapetiani gen. et sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AF3620C5-D1F3-401D-8B29-8BB929B610E2</p><p>Fig. 50; Table 30</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Species of Julfanautilus gen. nov. with a thinly pachyconic, involute conch (ww/dm ~ 0.65; uw/dm ~0.05), weakly depressed whorl profile (ww/wh ~1.15) and extremely high coiling rate (WER ~2.60) at a conch diameter of 80 mm. Whorl profile with a weakly concave venter, a pronounced ventrolateral shoulder, flatly convex and moderately convergent flanks, a narrowly rounded umbilical margin, a steep and flattened umbilical wall and a moderately deep imprint zone (IZR ~ 0.30). Suture line with broadly rounded and shallow external lobe and broadly rounded lateral lobe.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>Named after Vachik Hairapetian (Isfahan), to acknowledge his support in the research project on the Permian–Triassic boundary.</p><p>Type material</p><p>Holotype</p><p>IRAN – East Azerbaijan • Ali Bashi 4; Vedioceras Beds of the Julfa Formation (late Wuchiapingian); 2010; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 50; MB.C.32096.</p><p>Description</p><p>Holotype MB.C.32096 has a conch diameter of 83 mm and is fully chambered (Fig. 50A). It is thinly pachyconic (ww/dm= 0.63) with an almost closed umbilicus and an extremely high coiling rate (WER =2.58). The whorl profile shows that the preceding whorl is strongly embraced (IZR =0.31). The conch is widest at the pronounced, narrowly rounded umbilical margin, from where a steep, broadly rounded umbilical wall approaches the umbilical seam. The flanks converge towards the broadly rounded ventrolateral shoulders; the venter is broadly rounded with a shallow and wide median depression. Shell remains are not preserved. The suture line has a shallow, broadly rounded external lobe and a much larger and broadly rounded lateral lobe, which is twice as deep as the external lobe (Fig. 50C).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Julfanautilus hairapetiani gen. et sp. nov. differs from J. ashourii gen. et sp. nov. in the closed umbilicus (uw/dm = 0.24 in J. ashourii) and the lower coiling rate (WER ~ 2.60 in J. hairapetiani but ~ 3.10 in J. ashourii).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFB99E783C28FAA6FEEFE0A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFBF9E793C21FEE7FB32E70A.text	03D4F01AFFBF9E793C21FEE7FB32E70A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Permonautilidae Korn & Hairapetian	<div><p>New genus F Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press)</p><p>Type species</p><p>New species R to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press); original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Genus of the family Julfanautilidae fam. nov. with discoidal, involute conch. The conch is rapidly increasing in height with a very high to extremely high coiling rate (WER usually higher than 2.50). Whorls moderately strongly embracing, their profile ranges from compressed to weakly depressed. Adult ornament with extremely fine growth lines. Septa without inflexions, slightly concave. Suture line simple, nearly straight to straight with a low external saddle, broadly rounded internal lobe. The siphuncle has a dorsocentral position (from Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press).</p><p>Included species</p><p>Central Iran ( Korn &amp; Hairapetian in press): new species R to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press), Wuchiapingian.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) compared the new genus with other similar genera; in terms of conch morphology, the new genus shows some similarities to the genera Julfanautilus gen. nov. and the new genus E to be described by Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press). This is particularly true for the shape of the whorl profile with slightly flattened, converging flanks and the slightly flattened umbilical wall. However, the other two genera show a much higher coiling rate (WER above 3.00) than the new genus (WER around 2.50) and a much more pronounced subangular to angular umbilical margin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFBF9E793C21FEE7FB32E70A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
03D4F01AFFBF9E7A3C35FB4AFEBDE06B.text	03D4F01AFFBF9E7A3C35FB4AFEBDE06B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	genus F Korn & Hairapetian	<div><p>New genus F Korn &amp; Hairapetian (in press) sp.</p><p>Fig. 51; Table 31</p><p>Material examined</p><p>IRAN – West Azerbaijan • 1 specimen; Aras Valley; Paratirolites Limestone of the Ali Bashi Formation (late Changhsingian); 2011; Korn et al. leg.; illustrated in Fig. 51; MB.C.32097 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Specimen MB.C.32097 is the fragment of a half whorl, which belongs entirely to the body chamber (Fig. 51A). The conch has a diameter of about 53 mm and is discoidal and involute (ww/dm=0.45; uw/ dm =0.06). Flanks and venters are rounded. The surface of the internal mould appears to be completely smooth.</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The single specimen from the Paratirolites Limestone is too poorly preserved to be assigned to a specific species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D4F01AFFBF9E7A3C35FB4AFEBDE06B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Korn, Dieter;Ghaderi, Abbas	Korn, Dieter, Ghaderi, Abbas (2025): Late Permian nautiloids from Julfa (NW Iran). European Journal of Taxonomy 1018: 1-113, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.1018.3069, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3069/13699
