taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D387E4875A3949F4AEF90050B3FDF7.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Damarchus workmani Thorell, 1891 from Singapore, by monotypy.	en	Kunsete, Chawakorn, Thanoosing, Chawatat, Sivayyapram, Varat, Traiyasut, Prapun, Warrit, Natapot (2025): New insights into Damarchus: a new species and gynandromorph description from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae). Zootaxa 5696 (3): 409-424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.3.6
03D387E4875A3949F4AEF90050B3FDF7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differ from Spiroctenus by having the short procurved fovea. Differ from Homostola by the rastellum consisting of short or weak spines (several short blunt spines in Homostola). Similar to Atmetochilus but differ from Atmetochilus by having pairs of posterior sternal sigilla not centrally confluent (present in Atmetochilus).	en	Kunsete, Chawakorn, Thanoosing, Chawatat, Sivayyapram, Varat, Traiyasut, Prapun, Warrit, Natapot (2025): New insights into Damarchus: a new species and gynandromorph description from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae). Zootaxa 5696 (3): 409-424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.3.6
03D387E4875A3949F4AEF90050B3FDF7.taxon	description	Description. Fovea short, U-shaped. Eyes on tubercle. ALE are largest (except D. montanus). No or few cuspules on labium. Maxillary serrula absent; ca. 30 cuspules on proximal anterior margin of maxillae in both sexes; in male, maxillary cuspules normally smaller than in female, incipient. Posterior sternal sigilla large; anterior and medial sigilla smaller. Females palpal tarsus of females with one or two spines; no spines on any leg tarsi of males or females. Males with one sigmoidal (S-shaped) row of teeth on all paired claws; females with 2 rows of teeth on all paired claws; female palp claw with one tooth row on promargin. Preening comb normally present on metatarsi III and IV. Cymbium without spines. Four spinnerets: PMS broad, short and straight; PLS long, apical segment as long as median segment, basal segment longest. Palpal bulb simple and pyriform; embolus relatively long. Distal tibia I of males with ventral spur and 1 – 3 megaspines. Spermathecae are divided into two lobes.	en	Kunsete, Chawakorn, Thanoosing, Chawatat, Sivayyapram, Varat, Traiyasut, Prapun, Warrit, Natapot (2025): New insights into Damarchus: a new species and gynandromorph description from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae). Zootaxa 5696 (3): 409-424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.3.6
03D387E487583946F4AEFD7851FFFE1F.taxon	description	(Figs 2 – 7; Tables 1 – 3)	en	Kunsete, Chawakorn, Thanoosing, Chawatat, Sivayyapram, Varat, Traiyasut, Prapun, Warrit, Natapot (2025): New insights into Damarchus: a new species and gynandromorph description from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae). Zootaxa 5696 (3): 409-424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.3.6
03D387E487583946F4AEFD7851FFFE1F.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined Holotype. THAILAND • 1 ♂; Nong Rong, Phanom Thuan, Kanchanaburi, 14 ° 09 ' 28.9 " N; 99 ° 34 ' 11.6 " E, altitude 67 m., CUMNH; [ARA – 2021 – 271 4 / 12 / 2019] Paratypes. THAILAND • 4 ♀; Same data as for holotype; [ARA – 2021 – 267 1 / 11 / 2021], [ARA – 2021 – 268 1 / 11 / 2021], [ARA – 2021 – 269 1 / 11 / 2021], [ARA – 2021 – 272 4 / 12 / 2019]. THAILAND • 1 gynandromorph; Same data as for holotype; [ARA – 2021 – 273 4 / 12 / 2021].	en	Kunsete, Chawakorn, Thanoosing, Chawatat, Sivayyapram, Varat, Traiyasut, Prapun, Warrit, Natapot (2025): New insights into Damarchus: a new species and gynandromorph description from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae). Zootaxa 5696 (3): 409-424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.3.6
03D387E487583946F4AEFD7851FFFE1F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after Inazuma, a character from the Japanese manga ' One Piece', known for the ability to change sex between male and female. The Inazuma style is characterized by bilateral asymmetry, presenting distinct coloration with orange on the left side and white on the right side. This color arrangement closely mirrors the sexual dimorphism observed in this species, with males exhibiting white coloration and females displaying orange (see Figs 2 C, 4 A, 6 A).	en	Kunsete, Chawakorn, Thanoosing, Chawatat, Sivayyapram, Varat, Traiyasut, Prapun, Warrit, Natapot (2025): New insights into Damarchus: a new species and gynandromorph description from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae). Zootaxa 5696 (3): 409-424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.3.6
03D387E487583946F4AEFD7851FFFE1F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Damarchus inazuma can be distinguished from those of D. assamensis, D. bifidus, and D. oatesi by the presence of three straight adjacent spines, grouped in a single row at the tip of the coupling spur on leg I. It also differs from those of D. lanna and D. pylorus due to the elongated, curved embolus and the absence of a paraembolic apophysis. In contrast, the female of D. inazuma is differentiated from those of D. cavernicola and D. workmani by the incurved stalks of the spermathecae. Additionally, it shows a distinct difference from D. montanus by the shape of the eye group, where in D. montanus, the anterior median eyes (AME) are the largest and closely spaced. While D. inazuma shares similarities with D. dao, the male can be differentiated by the curvature of the embolus, which is relatively straight in D. dao, and the female D. inazuma lacks secondary receptacles on the spermathecae.	en	Kunsete, Chawakorn, Thanoosing, Chawatat, Sivayyapram, Varat, Traiyasut, Prapun, Warrit, Natapot (2025): New insights into Damarchus: a new species and gynandromorph description from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae). Zootaxa 5696 (3): 409-424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.3.6
03D387E487583946F4AEFD7851FFFE1F.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype): Body (Fig 2) length 17.00. Color in nature: Carapace, chelicerae, and legs covered with white layer (unknown material) and abdomen dark grey. Abdomen covered by pale white spots and ventral abdomen and spinnerets pale white overall. Color in alcohol: Carapace, chelicerae and legs reddish brown. Abdomen dorsally pale gray and covered with pale white spots, ventral abdomen and spinnerets pale white overall. Carapace (Fig 7 A): 9.30 long, 7.60 wide. Chelicerae 4.70 long. Eyes (Fig 7 B): tubercle 2 rows with low mound, 4 eyes in each row; anterior row procurved; posterior row slightly recurved, almost straight. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.36, AME-AME 0.15, ALE 0.48, ALE-ALE 1.14, PME 0.24, PME-PME 0.75, PLE 0.45, PLE-PLE 1.29, AME-ALE 0.18, AME-PME 0.12, AME-PLE 0.36, ALE-PME 0.27, ALE-PLE 0.33, PME-PLE 0.09. Eye to fovea 6.30. Fovea (Fig 7 A): strongly procurved to U-shaped. Three rows of setae on fovea. Rastellum of about 23 robust downward-curved setae on anterior margin of chelicerae. Cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth in one row, 10 mesobasal denticles. Fang aserrate. Stridulating strikers absent. Labium (Fig 7 C): 1.59 long, 0.78 wide, without cuspules. Maxillae (Fig 3 D): 4.20 long, 4.05 wide; serrula absent; 40 – 45 tiny cuspules each on posterior lobe, absent on heel. Sternum (Fig 7 D) 4.20 long, 4.05 wide, posterior and medial sternal sigilla large but not confluent, anterior sigilla small, oval, on anterior margin. Spination: Tarsi I – IV aspinose. Leg I: femur, p 1; patella, 0; tibia, p 1 r 2; metatarsus, p 1 r 3. Coupling spur and metatarsus (Fig 3 D – F): leg I with small group of short velvet-like setae on middle of the segment with subbasal bulge, coupling spur, ventral, opposing tip distally unsclerotized; coupling spur stalk-shaped with 3 slightly curved long spines (2 – 3 times longer than wide and not intact) on wide digitiform or long triangular spines tip of the stalk (Fig 3 G). Leg II: metatarsus scopulate, p 1 v 4. Leg III: tibia, d 1 p 2 v 6; metatarsus, r 5 v 10. Leg IV: tibia, p 5 r 2 v 4, metatarsus, p 9 r 1 v 4. Preening comb on retrolateral of distal tibia IV with four spines. Legs measurements (Table 1); formula: 4123. Scopula: entire on tarsi I – IV, distal 1 / 3 on metatarsus I and distal 1 / 2 on metatarsus II, not divided; elsewhere absent. Trichobothria: one zigzag row with 12 – 18 per row on tarsi I – IV. One row with 6 – 10 on metatarsi I – IV and two rows of 10 on palpal tibia and tibiae I, III. None elsewhere. Palpal tibia, and tibiae I – IV. Claws: S-shaped row of teeth with 10 teeth per row on all paired claws. Palp (Fig 3 A – C): Cymbium aspinose, 2.07 long, 1.36 wide with long setae on anterior edge. Bulb 2.60 long, spherical, narrow on tip, embolus 1.60, long, tapered, pointed and slightly curved. Spinnerets: PMS: 1.25 long, 0.20 diameter, PLS: 4.50 long, 0.40 maximal diameter, length of basal, medial, and apical segments 1.32, 0.9, 1.11, respectively. Apical segment digitiform. Description. Female (paratypes), measurements were measured and average from all paratypes (N = 4). Illustrations were collected from the specimen ARA – 2021 – 272. Female (paratype): Body (Fig 4) length 22.68 ± 0.95. Color in nature: Carapace, chelicerae, legs orange and abdomen black. Abdomen covered by pale white spots and ventral abdomen and spinnerets pale white overall. Color in alcohol: Carapace, chelicerae and legs bright orange. Abdomen dorsally pale gray and covered with pale yellow spots, ventral abdomen, and spinnerets pale yellow overall. Carapace (Fig 7 E): 10.30 ± 0.74 long, 8.57 ± 0.27 wide. Chelicerae 4.55 ± 0.66 long. Eyes (Fig 7 F): tubercle 2 rows with low mound; anterior row procurved; posterior row slightly recurved, almost straight. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.33 ± 0.03, AME-AME 0.14 ± 0.03, ALE 0.47 ± 0.08, ALE-ALE 1.36 ± 0.01, PME 0.29 ± 0.05, PME-PME 0.75 ± 0.04, PLE 0.34 ± 0.04, PLE-PLE 1.43 ± 0.07, AME-ALE 0.29 ± 0.02, AME-PME 0.08 ± 0.03, AME-PLE 0.38 ± 0.02, ALE-PME 0.32 ± 0.04, ALE-PLE 0.41 ± 0.08, PME-PLE 0.08 ± 0.11 (contiguous). Eye to fovea 6.27 ± 0.41. Fovea (Fig 7 E): strongly procurved to U-shaped. Three rows of setae on fovea. Rastellum of about ca. 23 robust downward-curved setae on anterior margin of chelicerae. Cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth in one row, 10 mesobasal denticles. Fang aserrate. Stridulating strikers absent. Labium (Fig 7 G): 1.17 ± 0.20 long, 1.85 ± 0.71 wide, without cuspules. Maxillae (Fig 7 G): 4.30 ± 0.41 long, 2.12 ± 0.26 wide; serrula absent; ca. 45 tiny cuspules each on posterior lobe, absent on heel. Sternum (Fig 7 H) 4.79 ± 0.13 long, 4.79 ± 0.16 wide, posterior and medial sternal sigilla large, not centrally confluent, Teardrop-shaped. anterior sigilla small, oval, on anterior margin. Spination: Palp: tibia p 2 v 2, tarsus v 2. Leg I: metatarsus v 5. Leg II: femur p 1, patella p 1, tibia p 2 v 2, metatarsus p 1 r 3 v 7. Leg III: patella r 2, tibia d 6 r 2 v 6. Leg IV: tibia p 3 r 2 v 6, metatarsus r 2 v 6. Preening comb on retrolateral of distal metatarsus III, IV with four spines. Legs measurements (Table 2); formula: 4123. Scopula: entire on palpal tarsus, tarsi I, II, metatarsus I, distal 1 / 2 of metatarsus II, not divided; absent on tarsi and metatarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: one zigzag row with 15 – 18 per row on tarsi I – IV, one row with 5 – 8 on metatarsi I – IV and two rows of 6 – 10 on tibiae II, III, IV; None on elsewhere. Claws: two rows of teeth with 3 – 4 teeth on outer claws and 1 – 3 teeth on inner claws. Spinnerets: PMS: 1.19 ± 0.06 long, 0.53 ± 0.14 diameter, PLS: 1.87 ± 0.63 long, 0.86 ± 0.16 diameter, length of basal, medial, and apical segments 1.63 ± 0.39, 1.08 ± 0.14, 1.24 ± 0.10, respectively; apical segment digitiform. Spermathecae: Divided into two long spermathecae. Each spermathecae form incurved stalk which narrowed apically. Spermathecal head is mushroom-shaped or semicircled. No secondary receptacles parts (Fig 5 A). Variation: Variation present on spermathecae in size and shape (Figs 5 B – C). Description. Gynandromorph (paratype): Body (Fig 6) length 24.67. Remark: Pedipalp and leg I on the right side of spider are lost. Color in nature: (right) Carapace, chelicerae, legs covered with white layer (unknown material) and abdomen dark grey with ventral abdomen and spinnerets pale white overall. (left) Carapace, chelicerae, legs are orange and abdomen black. Abdomen covered by pale white spots; ventral abdomen and spinnerets pale white overall (right abdomen darker). Color in alcohol: (right) Carapace, chelicerae and legs reddish brown. Abdomen dorsally pale gray and covered with pale white spots, ventral abdomen and spinnerets pale white overall. (left) Carapace, chelicerae and legs bright orange. Abdomen dorsally pale gray and covered with pale white spots, ventral abdomen and spinnerets pale white overall (right side of abdomen darker). Carapace (Fig 7 I): (right) 8.45 long, 3.77 wide; (left) 9.10 long, 4.03 wide. Chelicerae (right) 3.00 long, (left) 4.05 long. Eyes (Fig 7 J): tubercle with 2 rows on low mound; anterior row procurved; posterior row slightly recurved, almost straight. Eye size and interdistances: (right) AME 0.33, ALE 0.42, PME 0.18, PLE 0.24, AME-ALE 0.15, AME-PME 0.09, AME-PLE 0.24, ALE-PME 0.24, ALE-PLE 0.12, PME-PLE 0 (contiguous), (left) AME 0.45, ALE 0.54, PME 0.29, PLE 0.39, AME-ALE 0.24, AME-PME 0.15, AME-PLE 0.21, ALE-PME 0.21, ALE-PLE 0.18, PME-PLE 0 (contiguous), ALE-ALE 1.26, AME-AME 0.15, PME-PME 0.81, PLE-PLE 1.38. Eye to fovea 6.93. Fovea (Fig 7 I): strongly procurved to U-shaped. Three rows of setae on fovea. Rastellum of about ca. 23 robust downward-curved setae on anterior margin of chelicerae. Cheliceral furrow with 9 promarginal teeth in one row, 10 mesobasal denticles. Fang aserrate. Stridulating strikers absent. Labium (Fig 7 K): 1.20 long, 0.60 wide, without cuspules. Maxillae (Fig 7 K): (right) 3.45 long, 1.35 wide; serrula absent; ca. 45 cuspules each on posterior lobe, absent on heel, (left) 4.10 long, 2.00 wide; serrula absent; ca. 70 cuspules each on posterior lobe, absent on heel. Sternum (Fig 7 L) 4.08 long, 4.38 wide, posterior and medial sternal sigilla large, not centrally confluent, teardrop-shaped. anterior sigilla small, oval, on anterior margin. Spination: (right) Palp: tibia p 2 v 2, tarsus v 2. Leg I: metatarsus v 5. Leg II: femur p 1, patella p 1, tibia p 2 v 2, metatarsus p 1 r 3 v 7. Leg III: patella r 2, tibia d 6 r 2 v 6. Leg IV: tibia p 3 r 2 v 6, metatarsus r 2 v 6. Preening comb present on retrolateral of distal tibia IV with four spines. Legs (Table 3), formula: unidentified. (left) Palp: tibia p 2 v 2, tarsus v 2. Leg I: metatarsus v 5. Leg II: femur p 1, patella p 1, tibia p 2 v 2, metatarsus p 1 r 3 v 7. Leg III: patella r 2, tibia d 6 r 2 v 6. Leg IV: tibia p 3 r 2 v 6, metatarsus r 2 v 6. Preening comb on retrolateral of distal metatarsi III, IV with four spines. Legs measurements (Table 3), formula: 4123. Scopula: (right) entire on tarsi II – IV, distal 1 / 2 on metatarsus II, not divided, absent on metatarsi III – IV (palp and Leg I lost). (left) entire on palpal tursus, tarsi I – IV, metatarsus I, distal 1 / 2 on metatarsus II, not divided, absent on tarsi and metatarsi III – IV. Trichobothria: (right) one zigzag row with 12 – 18 per row on tarsi I – IV. One row with 6 – 10 on metatarsi I – IV and two rows of 10 on palpal tibia and tibiae I, III. (left) one zigzag row with 15 – 18 per row on tarsi I – IV, one row with 5 – 8 on metatarsi I – IV and two rows of 6 – 10 on tibiae II, III, IV; None on elsewhere. Claws: (right) S – shaped row of teeth with 10 teeth per row on paired claws Leg II – IV. (left) two rows of teeth with 3 – 4 teeth on outer claw and 1 – 3 teeth on all claws. Spinnerets: (right) PMS: 1.00 long, 0.32 diameter, PLS: 2.52 long, 1.36 diameter, length of basal, medial, and apical segments 0.80, 0.80, 0.92; apical segment digitiform. (left) PMS: 1.20 long, 0.52 diameter, PLS: 3.40 long, 1.60 diameter, length of basal, medial, and apical segments 1.12, 1.08, 1.20; apical segment digitiform. Spermathecae: Present only on the left side (Fig 5 D). Similar to paratype spermathecae but more incurved of spermathecal stalk. (see Fig 5 A – C). Variation: No bilaterally symmetrical. Male characters present on right side and female characters present on left side.	en	Kunsete, Chawakorn, Thanoosing, Chawatat, Sivayyapram, Varat, Traiyasut, Prapun, Warrit, Natapot (2025): New insights into Damarchus: a new species and gynandromorph description from Thailand (Araneae: Bemmeridae). Zootaxa 5696 (3): 409-424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5696.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5696.3.6
