taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D08792A06D9276FF29FAEED39DFEF9.taxon	description	Definition of genus Saldula (s. str.). Lindskog & Polhemus (1992) discussed the monophyly of the genus Saldula and provided the following two synapomorphic characterizations to define Saldula (s. str.): corium with eye spot on the median cell; male median endosomal sclerite with anteromedial laminar projections. Additionally, the presence of a secondary hypocostal ridge could also be a useful character to distinguish Saldula (s. str.) from the remaining species belonging to Saldula (s. l.), although this character is not synapomorphic, which is shared in the closely related genera Micracanthia Reuter, 1912 and Ioscytus Reuter, 1912. Therefore, the species of Saldula (s. str.) should exhibit the following characters: a. Endocorium with an eye spot on median cell; b. Median endosomal sclerite of male with anteromedial laminar projections; c. Ventral side of hemelytra with secondary hypocostal ridge. Given the lack of a clear molecular phylogeny within the family Saldidae, we are only able to point out the species not belonging to Saldula (s. str.), and do not have sufficient evidence to establish new genera for the controversial species. In this article, all the species of Saldula (s. l.) from the Chinese fauna are reviewed, and only the species that belong to Saldula (s. str.) are discussed under the “ Discussion ” section under each species. Diagnostic characteristics of Saldula (s. str.). Body relatively small (about 3 – 5 mm in length), nearly ovate or slightly elongated. Dorsum covered by short or long setae. Head short and wide, with three pairs of trichobothria; compound eyes relatively large, reniform; ocelli relatively approximate; antennomeres long and slender, antennomere I shortest, antennomere II longest, antennomeres III and IV subequal in length; transverse swelling above mandibular plates. Pronotum short and wide, median part of callus with a pit; hemelytra with an eye spot on median cell, ventral side of hemelytra with secondary hypocostal ridge, membrane with four close cells. Lavral organ present. Male paramere hook-like, with processus hamatus and processus sensualis; parandria usually wide, with blunt apex; median endosomal sclerite with anteromedial laminar projections. Female subgenital plate usually nearly triangular; spermatheca with flange. Comparative notes. The genus Saldula (s. str.) is similar to the genera Micracanthia Reuter, 1912 and Ioscytus Reuter, 1912. In addition to the two synapomorphies mentioned above, they can be distinguished by the following characteristics. Micracanthia has a relatively small body size (i. e., usually smaller than 3 mm), whereas the body size of Saldula is much larger (i. e., usually larger than 3 mm). Moreover, the veins of the hemelytra of Micracanthia are relatively simple, whereas those of Saldula are normal, not simplified. For Ioscytus, the hemelytra are usually unicolorous black or reddish, whereas those of Saldula usually have a black-white color pattern. Moreover, antennomeres III and IV are usually incrassate in genus Ioscytus, whereas they are usually normal, not incrassate in Saldula.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A06D9276FF29FAEED39DFEF9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Saldula (s. l.) is distributed world-wide, including Afrotropical, Australian, Madagascan, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oceanian, Oriental, Palearctic, Panamanian, Saharo-Arabian and Sino-Japanese (Larivière & Larochelle 2018). However, the species not belonging to Saldula (s. str.) are mainly tropical, and Saldula (s. str.) is mainly Holarctic, with several species distributed in the Afrotropical, Neotropical and Oriental regions (Lindskog & Polhemus 1992, Larivière & Larochelle 2018).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0689276FF29FE4CD532F8EF.taxon	description	(Figs 2, 19, 24)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0689276FF29FE4CD532F8EF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Inner Mongolia: 1 male, Tongliao city, Ke’erqin Zuoyihouqi Banner, Ganqika town, light-trapped, 42.9537 ° N, 122.3436 ° E, 24 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM). Xinjiang: 3 males, 3 females, Altai Prefecture, Altai city, Dadonggou, 47.9510 ° N, 88.1026 ° E, 1042 m, 25 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 1 female, Altai Prefecture, Bu’erjin county, Yelaman village, 48.1804 ° N, 86.8787 ° E, 946 m, 23 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Bo’ertala Prefecture, Wenquan county, X 210 County Road, 44.8581 ° N, 81.2375 ° E, 1424 m, 19 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 1 female, Tacheng Prefecture, Emin county, 219 National Highway, 46.7790 ° N, 84.1309 ° E, 713 m, 22 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 1 female, Shanshan county, 27 June 1975 (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0689276FF29FE4CD532F8EF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body relatively elongated, dorsum with short, recumbent setae (Fig. 2 a). Head short and wide, antennomere II relatively long; mandibular plates yellowish with black markings, transverse swelling, maxillary plates and anteclypeus mainly pale-yellowish to yellow, labrum yellowish with black apex, labiomeres III + IV mainly black; preocellar spots slightly elongated, attached to inner margin of compound eyes. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin shallowly convex; basal part of corium with a horizontal large pale stripe, dark eye spot not visible in pale individuals (Fig. 2 b – d); coloration of legs relatively dark, ventral side of femora black, lateral side of femora with dark spots and stripes, dorsal side of foretibia with continuous black stripe, tarsomeres I and III of each leg black, tarsomere II of each leg yellowish. Male paramere with dense, long hairs on dorsal side, processus hamatus relatively short, processus sensualis with a small tuft of short setae (Fig. 2 e – g); parandria blunt, outer margin and inner margin nearly parallel, inner side with weaker sclerotization (Fig. 2 h); median endosomal sclerite U-shaped. Female subgenital plate triangular, with pale margin. Comparative notes. Saldula arenicola arenicola can be distinguished from other species by the large, pale transverse stripe on the basal part of the hemelytra (Fig. 2 b – d). This subspecies is closely related to S. arenicola ussurica. It can be distinguished by a completely black pronotum, whereas S. arenicola ussurica has yellowish marking on lateral margin. S. arenicola arenicola is similar to S. xantochila with dense, long hairs on the dorsal side of the male paramere. However, the pronotum of S. arenicola arenicola is completely black (Fig. 2 a) and that of S. xanthochila has a pair of yellowish spots on lateral margin (Fig. 19 a). It differs from S. pallipes and S. palustris by having the mandibular plates yellowish (black in the latter two species). Habitats. Specimens collected from Altai Prefecture were found on a rocky riverbank in mountainous area (Fig. 18).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0689276FF29FE4CD532F8EF.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. Inner Mongolia (Wang & Li 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Shanxi (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Xinjiang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018). General distribution. Widely distributed across Eurasia, also occurs in Algeria (Schuh et al. 1987, Lindskog 1995, Larivière & Larochelle 2018, Vinokurov et al. 2018).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0699274FF29FAF4D5E3FB8C.taxon	description	(Figs. 3, 23, 31)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0699274FF29FAF4D5E3FB8C.taxon	vernacular_names	Chinese common name. Î 加ȗãø.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0699274FF29FAF4D5E3FB8C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: female. INDIA: West Bengal: Kurseong, E. Himalayas, 4 July 1908, 5000 feet (BMNH). None-type specimens: CHINA: Xizang: 3 males, 3 females, Linzhi city, Motuo county, Gedang village, 17 August 2024, 29.4982 ° N, 95.4964 ° E, 1555 m, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 1 female, Linzhi city, Motuo county, Motuo village, 17 August 2024, 29.4180 ° N, 95.4064 ° E, 802 m, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, Linzhi county, Motuo county, Beibeng village, 16 August 2024, 29.2108 ° N, 95.1533 ° E, 1630 m, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 2 females, Linzhi city, Motuo county, Damu village, 18 August 2024, 29.6076 ° N, 95.4757 ° E, 1481 m, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Linzhi city, Motuo county, Damu village, 19 August 2024, 29.5320 ° N, 85.4145 ° E, 1569 m, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 3 females, Linzhi city, Motuo county, Renqingbeng Temple, 20 August 2024, 29.3501 ° N, 95.3567 ° E, 1936 m, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 2 females, Rikaze city, Yadong county, Linhaiyinhe Waterfall, 7 August 2024, 27.2683 ° N, 89. 0138 ° E, 1939 m, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 2 females, Rikaze city, Yadong county, Baxia Waterfall, 7 August 2024, 27.3568 ° N, 88.9766 E, 2483 m, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Rikaze city, Yadong county, Xiayadong village, 7 August 2024, 27.2948 ° N, 89.0098 ° E, 2021 m, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Rikaze city, Nielamu county, Zhangmu town, 10 August 2024, 27.9885 ° N, 85.9818 ° E, 2208 m, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0699274FF29FAF4D5E3FB8C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body relatively small, dorsum with dense, suberect setae (Fig. 3 a). Head short and wide, antennomere II yellowish-brown, antennomeres III – IV dark-brown; mouthpart sclerites including outer margin of gular lobe yellowish, labiomeres III + IV yellowish; preocellar spots nearly circular, relatively small, base of second tritrobothirum with a pair of yellowish spots. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin nearly straight, with pale markings on lateral margin (Fig. 3 a); lateral margin of hemelytra pale-yellowish, corium with white and yellowish spots, clavus with a yellowish spot on basal part and a yellowish spot on apical part (Fig. 3 b – d); legs almost concolorous, mainly yellowish, femora with pale brown spots and stripes, tibiae with infuscate apex, tarsomere III of each leg infuscate. Male paramere with sparse, long hairs on dorsal side, processus hamatus relatively slender, processus sensualis with a small tuft of short setae (Fig. 3 e – g); parandria blunt, inner half with weaker sclerotization (Fig. 3 h); median endosomal sclerite slender. Female subgenital plate nearly trapezoidal, apical half pale. Comparative notes. Saldula bengali is similar to S. taiwanensis. It can be distinguished from S. taiwanensis by longer setae on the dorsal side of the head and yellowish markings on the lateral side of the pronotum.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0699274FF29FAF4D5E3FB8C.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Upon examination of the specimens of S. bengali, we suggest that this species should not be placed in Saldula (s. str.) for lack of synapomorphic characters (i. e., eye spot on median cell of endocorium and laminar projection on the male median endosomal sclerite). The lack of a secondary hypocostal ridge and spermathecal flange also support that S. bengali does not belong to Saldula (s. str.) In addition, S. bengali seems to be consistent with the genus Rupisalda for hemelytral color pattern and lack of a secondary hypocostal ridge and spermathecal flange. However, S. bengali has a smaller body size than any other species of Rupisalda and lacks pale markings on the antennomeres, which are distinctly different than other species of Rupisalda from India and China (i. e., R. austrosinica, R. championi, R. edita and R. thailandana). Therefore, the generic placement of S. bengali needs more investigation on related species in the Himalaya region and should temporarily remain in the genus Saldula. Habitats. Saldula bengali can be found on the vertical surface of wet rocks, including artificial concrete walls. Moreover, this species can also occupy gravelly ground near streams or temporary ponds (Fig. 23).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0699274FF29FAF4D5E3FB8C.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. This species is here recorded for the first time from China, Xizang General distribution. Saldula bengali was originally described from West Bengal, India, with a wide distributional region along southern foothills of Himalayas (Cobben, 1986).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A06B927AFF29FF49D493FA5C.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A06B927AFF29FF49D493FA5C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Shaanxi: 1 female, Baoji city, Taibaishan Mountain, Dayehai Lake, 18 August 1956, Yao Zhou leg. (NKUM). Yunnan: 1 male, 2 females, Tengchong city, Zhengding Nature Reserve Station, 2120 m, 12 August 2006, Hua Guo leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Yuxi city, Yuanjiang county, Wangxiangtai Nature Reserve, 2020 m, 23 July 2006, Weibing Zhu leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Yuxi city, Yuanjiang county, Nanxi Forest, 2000 m, 21 July 2006, Cuiqing Gao leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 6 females, Tengchong city, 12 August 2006, Xin Yu leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Honghe Prefecture, Pingbian county, Jiuceng Waterfall, 22.9631 ° N, 108.6800 ° E, 1633 m, 1 July 2018, Juanjuan Yuan leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Ailaoshan Mountain, Xujiaba, 9 May 1984, Liu leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Tengchong city, Shaba village, 24.9554 ° N, 98.5472 ° E, 27 April 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Xizang: 2 females, Rikaze city, Yadong county, 27.6152 ° N, 89.0400 ° E, 3958 m, 15 July 2023, Juhong Chen leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Rikaze city, Yadong county, Duoda Waterfall, 27.6177 ° N, 89.0399 ° E, 4105 m, 8 August 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Rikaze city, Nielamu county, Lixin village, 2550 m, 25 July 1984 (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A06B927AFF29FF49D493FA5C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body relatively stout, predominantly brachypterous, dorsum with long, erect or suberect setae (Fig. 4 a). Head short and wide, antennomere II yellowish brown, with dense, long, suberect setae; transverse swelling, mandibular plates and maxillary plates yellowish to yellowish-brown, with dark markings in females, anteclypeus mainly yellowish with dark markings, labrum yellowish with black apex, labiomeres III + IV mainly yellowish-brown; preocellar spots nearly triangular, relatively narrow, attached to inner margin of compound eyes. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin nearly straight; hemelytra mainly black, with scattered pale spots, color pattern without large variation (Fig. 4 b – c); legs mainly yellowish, femora with dark stripes on ventral side and with dark spots on lateral side, tibiae with infuscate apex, basal part of each tibia with a dark spot on dorsal side, tarsomere III of each leg infuscate. Male paramere with sparse, long hairs on dorsal side, processus sensualis distinctly protruding, with a small tuft of short setae (Fig. 4 d – f); parandria wide and blunt, inner half with weaker sclerotization, distance between inner margins relatively narrow (Fig. 4 g); median endosomal sclerite small, short and wide, strongly sclerotized, with a blunt apex. Female subgenital plate sub-triangular, completely black. Comparative notes. Saldula burmanica is closely related to S. orthochila. Comparative notes on these species were provided by Lindskog (1975): antennomere II of S. burmanica is mainly yellowish to yellowish-brown, with long hairs that are 1.5 – 2.0 times the width of antennomere II, whereas S. orthochila has primarily black antennomere II with erect hairs 3 times the width of the segment. The clypeus area and mouthpart sclerites are darker in S. burmanica. Furthermore, the pale spots on the hemelytra are mainly whitish in S. burmanica but predominantly yellowish in S. orthochila. The apical and basal spots on the clavus are subequal in size in S. burmanica, whereas in S. orthochila, the basal spot is slightly smaller than the apical spot, and the basal spot may even be missing in darker individuals. Additionally, the processus sensualis of male paramere is prominent in S. burmanica but relatively flat in S. orthochila. Cobben (1985) also noted that S. burmanica has long, erect, dark setae on its dorsum, a feature absent in S. orthochila.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A06B927AFF29FF49D493FA5C.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Saldula burmanica was first placed in the “ orthochila - group ” by Lindskog (1975) with S. orthochila, S. nobilis and the Nearctic species S. bouchervillei (Provancher, 1872) due to the presence of long erect hairs on antennomere II. However, the species in the “ orthochila - group ” do not appear to fit within Saldula (s. str.) (Lindskog & Polhemus 1992, Lindskog 1995). Upon examination of the specimens of S. burmanica, S. nobilis and S. orthochila, we found that these species lack the synapomorphic characters of Saldula (s. str.) (i. e., eye spot on median cell of endocorium and laminar projection on the male median endosomal sclerite). Consequently, we agree that these species do not fit within Saldula (s. str.). Habitats. This species is predominantly found in the mountainous regions of Southwest China and the IndoChina Peninsula, with a preference for high-elevation habitats above 2000 m. Lindskog (1975) noted that the " orthochila - group " exhibits a distribution that extends into more terrestrial habitats, suggesting a gradual shift towards dry-land habitats. Specimens collected in Tengchong, Yunnan, were found on sandy, dry land in the vicinity of a pond, further supporting Lindskog’s observations regarding the group’s ecological preferences.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A06B927AFF29FF49D493FA5C.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. Shaanxi (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Sichuan (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov 2015, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Yunnan (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov 2015, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Xizang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018). General distribution. Distributed in Himalayas and Hengduan Mountains region (i. e., Pakistan, India, Nepal, Myanmar, Vietnam and Southwest China) (Lindskog 1975, Cobben 1985, Chen & Lindskog 1994, Lindskog 1995, Vinokurov 2015, Vinokurov & Kment 2015).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0649278FF29F9E8D462FEDD.taxon	description	(Fig. 5)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0649278FF29F9E8D462FEDD.taxon	vernacular_names	Chinese common name. 地 Ḣãø.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0649278FF29F9E8D462FEDD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Gansu: 2 females, Wuwei city, Tianzhu county, X 151 County Road, 37.7306 ° N, 102.4306 ° E, 2184 m, 4 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Xinjiang: 1 male, 2 females, Altai Prefecture, Habahe county, 15 July 2002, Yunling Ke leg. (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0649278FF29F9E8D462FEDD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body relatively ovate, dorsum with dense, whitish pubescence (Fig. 5 a). Head short and wide, antennomere II mainly yellowish, with dense, short, recumbent setae, antennomeres III + IV black; mandibular plates, maxillary plates, transverse swelling and anteclypeus pale-yellowish to yellow, apex of gular lobe yellowish, labrum yellowish, labiomeres III + IV mainly yellowish-brown; preocellar spots relatively large, cuneiform. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin convex; hemelytra with brown to dark-brown markings, exocorium with 2 separate dark spots in pale individuals, the apical spot not reaching outer margin of corium, endocorium with an eye spot on basal half, apical half of endocorium with scattered triangular pale spots (Fig. 5 b); legs mainly pale-yellowish, femora with black stripe on ventral side and dark spots on lateral side, foretibia and middle tibiae with interrupted black stripe on dorsal side. Male paramere long and slender, dorsal side with few long setae, body of paramere relatively long, processus sensualis relatively small, with a small tuft of short setae (Fig. 5 c – e); parandria with blunt apex, outer margin and inner margin subparallel (Fig. 5 f); median endosomal sclerite U-shaped. Female subgenital plate nearly triangular, with a blunt apex, apical half pale. Comparative notes. Saldula fucicola appears to be closely related to S. saltatoria; however, it can be distinguished by the pigmentation of the hemelytra: the hemelytra of S. fucicola are relatively paler compared to those of S. saltatoria, the dark spot on the middle part of the exocorium does not reach the lateral margin of the hemelytra in S. fucicola, whereas it does reach the lateral margin in S. saltatoria (Figs 4 b, 17 b – d). Additionally, S. fucicola can be identified by its completely pale-yellowish to yellowish mouthpart sclerites, which are yellowish-brown and with dark markings in S. saltatoria. Moreover, the body of the paramere in S. fucicola is longer and more slender compared to those of S. saltatoria. (Figs. 4 c – e, 17 e – g). Habitats. Recently collected materials from Gansu were found near a stream in forested mountains.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0649278FF29F9E8D462FEDD.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. Inner Mongolia (Wang & Li 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Gansu (new record), Xinjiang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Qinghai (Vinokurov et al. 2018), Sichuan (Vinokurov 2015, Vinokurov et al. 2018). General distribution. Widely distributed across Euraisa (Schuh et al. 1987, Lindskog 1995, Larivière & Larochelle 2018, Vinokurov et al. 2018).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0669279FF29FE68D29DFD3C.taxon	description	(Fig. 6)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0669279FF29FE68D29DFD3C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Inner Mongolia: 1 male, Alashan Zuoqi Banner, Jilantai Desert Botanical Garden, light-trapped, 39.7581 ° N, 105.7805 ° E, 1035 m, 25 July 2016, Yang Wang leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 3 females, Ejina Banner, Juyanhai Lake, 42.3344 ° N, 101.2589 ° E (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0669279FF29FE68D29DFD3C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body relatively slender, dorsum with extremely long, erect, black hairs and dense, golden pubescence (Fig. 6 a). Head short and wide, frons with dense, long, erect setae, antennomere II yellowish-brown, slender, with long, erect setae, antennomeres III and IV dark-brown, relatively short and stout; transverse swelling yellowish, mandibular plates and maxillary plates mainly black, anteclypeus yellowish, labrum mainly black with yellowish marking on median part, labiomeres III + IV mainly yellowish; preocellar spot nearly circular. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin nearly straight or shallowly concave; exocorium mainly pale, with slender dark stripes on median part, endocorium with pale stripes, clavus with a slender, triangular, pale spot on apical half (Fig. 6 b – e); legs mainly pale-yellowish, femora with dark markings on lateral side, dorsal side of tibiae with dark spot on basal end, apex of tibiae infuscate, tarsomere III with dark apex. Male paramere relatively stout, with long hairs on dorsal side, lateral side with a tooth-like process on the level of processus sensualis, apex of processus sensualis with a small tuft of short setae (Fig. 6 f – h); parandria relatively slender, with subparallel margins, distance between inner margins relatively wide (Fig. 6 i); median endosomal sclerites V-shaped, relatively slender. Female subgenital plate relatively blunt, apical half pale. Comparative notes. Saldula lindskogi is similar to S. opacula for color pattern on the hemelytra, lacking a black stripe on the dorsal side of the foretibia, and with a tooth-like process on the level of processus sensualis of the male paramere. However, S. lindskogi can be distinguished by the very long hairs on the dorsum and nearly straight or shallowly concave lateral margin of the pronotum. Habitats. Saldula lindskogi was regarded as a desert species in the original description (Vinokurov 2004 a).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0669279FF29FE68D29DFD3C.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. First documented in China, Inner Mongolia in this study. General distribution. Saldula lindskogi is mainly distributed in Middle Asia (i. e., Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Afghanistan) (Vinokurov 2004 a, Vinokurov & Kment 2015).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A067927EFF29FD08D462F9FF.taxon	description	(Figs 7, 20)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A067927EFF29FD08D462F9FF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Beijing: 1 male, Xishan Mountain, 20 April 1983 (NKUM); 1 female, Xishan Mountain, 19 April 1984, Huanguang Zou leg. (NKUM); Tianjin: 1 female, Ji county, Huangyaguan, 16 April 1979 (NKUM). Gansu: 1 male, 1 female, Wuwei city, Tianzhu county, X 151 County Road, 37.7306 ° N, 102.4306 ° E, 2184 m, 4 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 females, Zhangye city, Gaotai county, Gaotai Wetland Park, 39.3862 ° N, 99.8208 ° E, 1284 m, 17 July 2023, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM). Xinjiang: 1 male, 1 female, Altai Prefecture, Altai city, Dadonggou, 47.951 ° N, 88.1026 ° E, 1042 m, 25 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Ili Prefecture, Tekesi county, 1200 m, 4 August 2002, Weibing Zhu leg. (NKUM). Sichuan: 1 female, Aba Prefecture, Ruoergai county, Tangke town, 4 August 1964, Shengli Liu leg. (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A067927EFF29FD08D462F9FF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body relatively small, dorsum with short, recumbent setae (Fig. 7 a). Head short and wide, antennomeres relatively short, apical half of antennomere II yellowish, antennomeres III + IV black; transverse swelling, mandibular plates, maxillary plates and anteclypeus yellowish to pale-yellowish, labrum mainly black with median part dark-yellowish, labiomeres III + IV black to blackish-brown; preocellar spots relatively small, cuneiform. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin of pronotum nearly straight; exocorium with a large pale spot on basal half, connected with eye spot and formed a large C-shaped pale spot, apical half of endocorium with scattered triangular pale spots, clavus with a pale spot on apical half, usually with an additional pale spot on basal half (Fig. 7 b); femora mainly black only remain yellowish on distal part, tibiae mainly yellowish, dorsal side of foretibia and middle tibia with interrupted black stripe, tarsomeres mainly pale-yellowish, tarsomere III of each leg with dark apex. Paramere slender, with long setae on dorsal side, processus hamatus long and slender, processus sensualis blunt, with a small tuft of short setae (Fig. 7 c – e); parandria with blunt apex, inner half sclerotized weaker (Fig. 7 f); median endosomal sclerites U-shape, relatively short and wide. Apex of female subgenital plate relatively blunt, with pale margin. Comparative notes. Saldula melanoscela is similar to S. pericarti but can be easily distinguished by the dark coloration of the femora. Moreover, S. pericarti has longer setae on the dorsal side of the head and thorax than does S. melanoscela. Habitats. Recently collected materials from Gansu and Xinjiang were discovered near streams in forested mountains (Fig. 20)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A067927EFF29FD08D462F9FF.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. Inner Mongolia (Wang & Li 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Beijing (new record), Tianjin (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Gansu (new record), Xinjiang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Sichuan (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Xizang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018). General distribution. Widely distributed across Eurasia (Schuh et al. 1987, Lindskog 1995, Larivière & Larochelle 2018, Vinokurov et al. 2018).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A060927CFF29F949D27AFE4C.taxon	description	(Fig. 8)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A060927CFF29F949D27AFE4C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Yunnan: 1 male, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Jinghong county, light-trapped, 19 September 1979, Huanguang Zou leg. (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A060927CFF29F949D27AFE4C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body size relatively small, dorsum with short, recumbent setae (Fig. 8 a). Head short and wide, antennomeres relatively short, antennomeres II, III and IV subequal in length; mandibular plates black, transverse swelling pale-yellowish, distinctly elevated, maxillary plates and anteclypeus pale-yellowish, gular lobe with yellowish apex, labrum yellowish, labiomeres III + IV yellowish; preocellar spot relatively small, nearly circular. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin shallowly convex; exocorium mainly pale, endocorium dark-brown, with 6 pale spots (3 + 3) aligning in “ U ” shape, apex of clavus with a pale spot, membrane mainly pale, with pale-brown veins (Fig. 8 a); legs mainly pale-yellowish. Male paramere relatively short and stout, dorsal side with long setae, processus sensualis small and blunt, with a small tuft of short setae (Fig. 8 b); parandria with acuminate apex (Fig. 8 c). Female specimen not examined. Comparative notes. Saldula niveolimbata can be distinguished from all other species occurring in China by its relatively small body size and the acuminate apex of the male parandria. Lindskog (1995) noted that S. niveolimbata does not fit into Saldula (s. str.) as defined by Lindskog and Polhemus (1992) for lack of the synapomorphic characters of Saldula (s. str.) (i. e., eye spot on median cell of endocorium and laminar projection on the male median endosomal sclerite). Habitats. The specimen collected from Yunnan was captured by light trapping. Moreover, Kment & Carapezza (2022) recorded the habitat of S. niveolimbata from Socotra, which occurs in the mountainous area with miniature pools or brooks.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A060927CFF29F949D27AFE4C.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. Yunnan (Chen 1987, Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018) General distribution. Saldula niveolimbata was originally described from Senegal (Reuter 1900), with further records from other African countries and the adjacent islands as well as in Oriental and Australian regions (Chen 1987; Schuh et al. 1987; Polhemus & Polhemus 1999, 2012; Kment & Carapezza 2022).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A062927DFF29FD98D462F9B9.taxon	description	(Figs 9, 26)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A062927DFF29FD98D462F9B9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Heilongjiang: 1 female, Heihe city, Nenjiang county, Gaofeng Forest Park, 49.0956 ° N, 125.2458 ° E, 337 m, 20 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 1 male, Shangzhi city, Mao’ershan Mountain, 27 July 2003, Yunling Ke leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Ning’an city, Jingpohu Lake, 9 August 2003, Weibing Zhu leg. (NKUM). Jinlin: 1 male, Baishan city, Changbai county, Malugou town, Shuangshantou, 41.519844 ° N, 128.13808 ° E, 829 m, 9 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Inner Mongolia: 2 males, 2 females, Ningcheng county, Huluyu Scenic Spots, 41.8138 ° N, 118.7568 ° E, 1017 m, 3 August 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 3 females, Kalaqin Banner, Maojingba Forest Park, 41.6108 ° N, 118.2324 ° E, 1098 m, 4 August 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM). Hebei: 1 male, Wulingshan Mountain, 26 August 1973, Shengli Liu leg. (NKUM). Gansu: 3 males, 3 females, Wuwei city, Tianzhu county, X 151 County Road, 37.7306 ° N, 102.4306 ° E, 2184 m, 4 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A062927DFF29FD98D462F9B9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body relatively ovate, brachypterous individuals predominant, dorsum with dense, long, black setae (Fig. 9 a). Head short and wide, antennomere II relatively long, almost equal to length of antennomeres III + IV, with dense, long hairs; mandibular plates black, transverse swelling, maxillary plates and anteclypeus mainly pale-yellowish to yellow for male and mainly black for female, labiomeres III + IV mainly yellowish-brown; preocellar spots elongated, cuneiform, attached to inner margin of compound eyes. Pronotum shining, short and wide, lateral margin shallowly concave; hemelytra mainly black, with a distinct large, white spot on apex of exocorium (Fig. 9 b – e); legs mainly pale-yellowish, ventral side of fore femora infuscate, lateral side of each femur with brown spots, tibiae mainly pale-yellowish, apex of tarsomere III of each leg infuscate. Male paramere relatively stout, with long hairs on dorsal side, processus sensualis with a tuft of short setae (Fig. 9 f – h); parandria relatively wide, with rounded margin, distance between inner margin narrow, inner side with weaker sclerotization (Fig. 9 i); median endosomal sclerite relatively large, U-shaped, strongly sclerotized. Female subgenital plate with nearly rounded apex, apical half pale. Comparative notes. Lindskog (1995) put forward that this species does not fit into Saldula (s. str.) as defined by Lindskog & Polhemus (1992) for lack of the synapomorphic characters of Saldula (s. str.) (i. e., eye spot on median cell of endocorium and laminar projection on the male median endosomal sclerite). Saldula nobilis exhibits distinctly different color patterns and a relatively larger median endosomal sclerite compared to those of S. burmanica and S. orthochila. This species is similar to S. sibiricola and comparative notes on S. nobilis and S. sibiricola were provided by Cobben (1985) and Vinokurov (2004 b): the basal part of the clavus of S. nobilis seldomly has a pale spot, but S. sibiricola usually has a narrow, pale spot; the hemelytra of S. nobilis are primarily dark with contrasting black and white pigmentation, and the apical half of the corium has a large pale spot on outer margin; whereas the hemelytra of S. sibiricola exhibit predominantly pale coloration with vague brown markings. Habitats. This species seems to have a tolerance to low temperature, being found in forested and mountainous areas.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A062927DFF29FD98D462F9B9.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. Heilongjiang (new record), Jilin (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Inner Mongolia (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Wang & Li 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Hebei (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Liu & Bu 2009, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Shaanxi (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Gansu (new record), Qinghai (Vinokurov 2015, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Jiangxi (Vinokurov et al. 2018), Sichuan (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Xizang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018). General distribution. Widely distributed across Eurasia (Schuh et al. 1987, Lindskog 1995, Larivière & Larochelle 2018, Vinokurov et al. 2018).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0639263FF29F98CD462FC80.taxon	description	(Figs 10, 27)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0639263FF29F98CD462FC80.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Heilongjiang: 1 female, Daxing’anling Prefecture, Jiagedaqi distinct, Yingshanhong Scenic Spot, 50.3916 ° N, 124.0957 ° E, 384 m, 19 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Heihe city, Nenjiang city, Gaofeng Forest Park, 49.0986 ° N, 125.2488 ° E, 336 m, 20 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Daxing’anling Prefecture, Jiagedaqi distinct, Ganhe National Wetland Park, 50.3916 ° N, 124.0957 ° E, 380 m, 19 August 2023, Mu Qiao leg. (NKUM). Inner Mongolia: 1 male, 1 female, Wulanchabu city, Lamadongwan, 40.5714 ° N, 110.5089 ° E, 1425 m, 11 July 2023, Yuqi Zai leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Kalaqin Banner, Ma’anshan Mountain, 41.8723 ° N, 118.7711 ° E, 896 m, 23 August 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Ke’erqin Youyiqianqi Banner, Lüshui Breeding Farm, 46.4617 ° N, 120.3141 ° E, 769 m, 11 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Zalantun city, Xiushui Mountain Villa, 48.0742 ° N, 121.7013 ° E, 344 m, 21 July 2021, Mu Qiao leg. Hebei: 1 male, Baoding city, Laiyuanhu Lake, 39.3401 ° N, 114.7251 ° E, 782 m, 23 July 2023, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Chengde city, Weichang county, Jinlongtan Lake, 41.925 ° N, 117.812 ° E, 994 m, 29 August 2015, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM). Shanxi: 1 female, Datong city, Sangganhe National Wetland Park, 39.9216 ° N, 113.5848 ° E, 947 m, 22 July 2023, Chen Liu leg. (NKUM). Gansu: 1 female, Zhangye city, Zhangye National Wetland Park, 38.9734 ° N, 100.4443 ° E, 1463 m, 7 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Xinjiang: 3 males, 3 females, Altai Prefecture, Habahe county, Baishahu Lake, 48.0074 ° N, 85.8731 ° E, 366 m, 23 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 3 females, Tacheng Prefecture, Emin county, G 219 National Highway, 46.7829 ° N, 83.8295 ° E, 787 m, 22 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 2 females, Bayinguoleng Prefecture, G 218 National Highway, Kaiduhe River, 41.9625 ° N, 86.6333 ° E, 982 m, 13 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 males, Bayinguoleng Prefecture, Bohu county, Bositenghu Lake, 41.8640 ° N, 86.7330 ° E, 1050 m, 13 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Sichuan: 3 males, Butuo county, Xixiba, 2600 m, 20 August 1983, Zuopei Ling leg. (NKUM). Yunnan: 2 males, 1 female, Yuxi city, Yuanjiang county, Wangxiangtai Nature Reserve, 2010 m, 17 August 2006, Ming Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, Pu’er city, Lancang county, Ankang village, G 124 National Highway, 23.2334 ° N, 99.7340 ° E, 800 m, 21 April 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0639263FF29F98CD462FC80.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body relatively slender, dorsum with short pubescence (Fig. 10 a). Head short and wide, antennomeres II – IV black; mandibular plates mainly black, transverse swelling, maxillary plates and anteclypeus yellowish to pale-yellowish, labrum yellowish with black margins, labiomeres III + IV mainly yellowish-brown; preocellar spots small, nearly circular. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin nearly straight; hemelytra with dark and pale stripes, additionally with few circular, white, vague spots (Fig. 10 b – e); legs mainly yellowish, femora with dark stripe on ventral side and dark spots on lateral side, tibiae mainly yellowish, infuscate apically, tarsomeres mainly yellowish, tarsomere III of each leg infuscate apically. Male paramere relatively stout, dorsal side with long hairs, posterior side with a tooth-like process on the level of processus sensualis, apex of processus sensualis with a small tuft of short setae (Fig. 10 f – h); parandria sclerotized weakly, with blunt apex, outer margin and inner margin parallel (Fig. 10 i); median endosomal sclerites V-shape, with rounded apex. Female subgenital plate with a blunt apex, apical half pale. Comparative notes. Saldula opacula is similar to S. lindskogi. For comparative notes between these two species, see under S. lindskogi.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0639263FF29F98CD462FC80.taxon	description	Habitats. Saldula opacula can occupy multiple riparian habitats. Recently collected material from Xinjiang was found on the vegetated bank of a lake.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0639263FF29F98CD462FC80.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. S. opacula is widely distributed in China, including Heilongjiang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Inner Mongolia (Wang & Li 2012), Hebei (new record), Shanxi (new record), Gansu (new record), Xinjiang (Vinokuorv et al. 2012, Vinokurov 2015, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Sichuan (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Yunnan (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018). General distribution. Widely distributed across Holarctic (Schuh et al. 1987, Lindskog 1995, Larivière & Larochelle 2018, Vinokurov et al. 2018).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07D9260FF29FCA1D462FF6D.taxon	description	(Fig. 11)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07D9260FF29FCA1D462FF6D.taxon	description	Kment, 2015: 377; Vinokurov et al., 2018: 135. Chinese common name. H ẖãø.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07D9260FF29FCA1D462FF6D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Xinjiang: 1 female, Ili Prefecture, Sailimuhu Lake, 30 July 2002, Yun Lü leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Kashi Prefecture, Aketao county, 3600 m, 19 July 2002 (NKUM); 1 male, Kashi Prefecture, Kalakulihu Lake, 3600 m, 19 August 2002, Qiang Xie leg, (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07D9260FF29FCA1D462FF6D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body ovate, dorsum mainly black, relatively flattened (Fig. 11 a). Head short and wide, antennomeres II – IV black, with dense, long, erect hairs; mandibular plates black, transverse swelling, maxillary plates and anteclypeus yellowish, labrum yellowish with dark margins, labiomeres III + IV mainly black to blackish-brown, preocellar spots slightly elongate, cuneiform, attached to inner margin of compound eyes. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin nearly straight; hemelytra mainly black, with scattered pale spots, membrane mainly pale, with dark-brown veins (Fig. 11 b); femora mainly black with yellowish apex, tibiae yellowish with infuscate apex, basal part with a dark spot on dorsal side, tarsomere III of each leg infuscate. Male paramere with sparse, long hairs on dorsal side, processus sensualis with a small tuft of short hairs (Fig. 11 c – e); parandria with rounded apex, inner half with weaker sclerotization, distance between inner margins gradually narrowed towards basal part (Fig. 11 f); median endosomal sclerite relatively slender, lateral margin undulating. Female subgenital plate sub-triangular, lateral margin convex, completely black. Comparative notes. For comparative notes between S. orthochila and S. burmanica (Lindskog 1975), see under S. burmanica. This species does not fit into Saldula (s. str.) as defined by Lindskog and Polhemus (1992) for lack of the synapomorphic characters of Saldula (s. str.) (i. e., eye spot on median cell of endocorium and laminar projection on the male median endosomal sclerite), as further elucidated by Lindskog (1995), highlighting the complexity of taxonomic classifications within this genus. Habitats. Recorded occurrences in China have been primarily associated with highland lake environments.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07D9260FF29FCA1D462FF6D.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. The populations of S. orthochila within China are predominantly confined to the western mountainous regions, including Xinjiang (Vinokuorv et al. 2012, Vinokurov 2015, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Sichuan (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), and Xizang (Cobben 1985). General distribution. Widely distributed across Eurasia (Schuh et al. 1987, Lindskog 1995, Larivière & Larochelle 2018, Vinokurov et al. 2018).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07E9266FF29FA26D2EAFCAC.taxon	description	(Figs 12, 22, 28)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07E9266FF29FA26D2EAFCAC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Heilongjiang: 3 males, 3 females, Shangzhi city, Wujimi village, 45.2324 ° N, 127.8333 ° E, 231 m, 16 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); Jilin: 3 males, 1 female, Yanbian Prefecture, Tumen city, Riqing county, Jieman village, 42.8988 ° N, 129.8029 ° E, 167 m, 13 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 males, Baishan city, Changbai county, Malugou town, Shuangshantou, 41.5138 ° N, 128.1381 ° E, 829 m, 9 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 2 females, Baishan city, Changbai county, Wangtian’e Mountain, 41.4888 ° N, 127.9434 ° E, 682 m, 9 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 3 females, Baishan city, Jiangyuan distinct, Dayangcha county, Houhuluhe River, 42.0584 ° N, 126.6724 ° E, 605 m, 8 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Liaoning: 1 male, Dalian city, Wafangdian county, Dongfeng Reservoir, 39.7725 ° N, 121.9178 ° E, 18 m, 4 August 2017, Xudong Yuan leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 1 female, Dandong city, Kuandian county, 40.9986 ° N, 125.1703 ° E, 222 m, 9 July 2016, Juanjuan Yuan leg. (NKUM); 1 male, Fushun city, Xinbin county, Guishihadagou, 41.7967 ° N, 124.6041 ° E, 252 m, 7 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Hebei: 1 male, Baoding city, Laiyuan county, Sunjiaquan village, 39.3993 ° N, 114.9213 ° E, 656 m, 21 September 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Inner Mongolia: 3 males, 3 females, Ordos, Zhunge’er Banner, Xuejiawan county, 39.8530 ° N, 111.2432 ° E, 1097 m, 21 July 2023, Huanyu Chen leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Wulanchabu city, Lamadongwan, 41.1393 ° N, 112.2920 ° E, 1425 m, 11 July 2023, Yuqi Zai leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Huolinguole city, Huolinguole Wetland Park, 45.5346 ° N, 119.6770 ° E, 821 m, 10 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 2 females, Ningcheng county, Huluyu Scenic Spots, 41.8138 ° N, 118.7568 ° E, 1017 m, 3 August 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM). Shandong: 1 male, 1 female, Yantai city, Kunyushan Natural Reserve, 37.2748 ° N, 121.7624 ° E, 121 m, 4 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 3 females, Yantai city, Zhaoyuan county, Luoshan Mountain, 30 July 2007, Qiang Xie leg. (NKUM). Gansu: 1 male, 3 females, Zhangye city, Shandan county, X 590 county road, 38.3979 ° N, 101.1556 ° E, 2321 m, 6 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 2 females, Lanzhou city, Qinwangchuan National Wetland Park, 36.4642 ° N, 103.6558 ° E, 1887 m, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Xinjiang: 3 males, 2 females, Tacheng Prefecture, Emin county, G 219 National Highway, 46.9104 ° N, 84.4075 ° E, 1227 m, 22 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Tacheng Prefecture, Tacheng city, S 211 Province Road, 46.8970 ° N, 82.9592 ° E, 742 m, 21 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, G 217 National Highway, Bayinbuluke Grasslands, 42.8756 ° N, 83.7229 ° E, 2461 m, 17 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Altai Prefecture, Altai city, Dadonggou, 47.9510 ° N, 88.1026 ° E, 1042 m, 25 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Altai Prefecture, Fuyun county, 46.9542 ° N, 89.5384 ° E, 761 m, 26 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 2 females, Altai Prefecture, Altai city, Baiqu village, 47.7738 ° N, 88.0705 ° E, 735 m, 24 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Ili Prefecture, Xinyuan county, S 315 Province Road, 43.7371 ° N, 83.3146 ° E, 1527 m, 17 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 1 female, Kashi Prefecture, Aketao county, 19 July 2002, YunLing Ke leg. (NKUM). Shanxi: 2 males, 3 females, Lüliang county, Pangquangou Nature Reserve, 37.8382 ° N, 111.4805 ° E, 1713 m, 16 July 2023, Beichen Zhang leg. (NKUM). Hubei: 1 male, 1 female, Huanggang city, Yingshan county, Jiangjiafan village, 30.9098 ° N, 115.7853 ° E, 146 m, 13 July 2021, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Huanggang city, Yingshan county, Bisheng Canyon, 30.9792 ° N, 115.9441 ° E, 356 m, 13 July 2022, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Sichuan: 2 males, 3 females, Aba Prefecture, Xiaojin county, Jiesi village, 31.3117 ° N, 102.6965 ° E, 3812 m, 25 July 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); Yunnan: 2 males, 2 females, Xianggelila county, Napahai Nature Reserve, 15 May 2011, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); Xizang: 3 males, 3 females, Changdu city, Basu county, Jida village, 29.8892 ° N, 96.6812 ° E, 3878 m, 31 July 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 2 females, Changdu city, Mangkang county, Rumei town, 29.7014 ° N, 98.4047 ° E, 3280 m, 30 July 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Dignosis. Body oblong, dorsum with dense, short pubescence (Fig. 12 a). Head short and wide, antennomere II mainly blackish, with yellowish apex, length of antennomere II longer than antennomeres III + IV; mandibular plates black, transverse swelling, maxillary plates and anteclypeus yellowish, labiomeres III + IV mainly black to blackish-brown, preocellar spots nearly circular. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin shallowly convex; hemelytra with distinct variation, corium mainly dull yellowish-white in pale individuals, basal part of corium black, lateral margin of exocorium with two black spots, dark individuals with complex black-white pigmentation (Fig. 12 b – f); legs mainly yellowish, femora with dark stripe on ventral side and dark spots on lateral side, dorsal side of foretibia and middle tibia with complete black stripe, apical half of tarsomere III of each leg infuscate. Male parameres with long setae on dorsal side, posterior side of processus sensualis with a tooth-like edge or process, processus sensualis with a row of relatively long setae (Fig. 12 g – i); parandria with blunt apex, inner half with weaker sclerotization (Fig. 12 j); median endosomal sclerite distinctly slender, U-shape. Female subgenital plate nearly triangular, with a blunt apex, apical half pale. Comparative notes. Saldula pallipes is closely related to S. palustris (Douglas, 1874), and these two species are difficult to distinguish based on appearance alone. However, they differ in the male genitalia. The paramere of S. pallipes has relatively long setae on the processus sensualis (Fig. 12 g, i), whereas the setae in the same position on S. palustris are relatively short (Fig. 13 f, h). Additionally, the paramere of S. pallipes features a tooth-like process on the lateral side of the processus sensualis (Fig. 12 h), whereas that of S. palustris is smooth (Fig. 13 g). The parandria of S. pallipes exhibit weaker sclerotization on the inner side (Fig. 12 j), whereas the parandria of S. palustris are almost uniformly sclerotized (Fig. 13 i). Beyond these morphological differences, S. pallipes and S. palustris appear to occupy distinct ecological niches, despite some overlap in their geographical distributions (i. e., authors’ observations and distributional data from China confirmed that S. pallipes prefers semi-humid regions, whereas S. palustris prefers semi-arid regions). S. pallipes is also similar to S. arenicola arenicola, (for comparative notes between these two species, see under S. arenicola arenicola).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07E9266FF29FA26D2EAFCAC.taxon	description	Habitats. This species demonstrates a preference for semi-humid regions within the country but exhibits adaptability by also inhabiting semi-arid areas, thereby occupying multiple habitats (Figs 22, 28).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07E9266FF29FA26D2EAFCAC.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. Saldula pallipes is one of the most common and wide-distribute species in China, including Heilongjiang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Jilin (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Liaoning (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Hebei (Drake & Maa 1954, Chen & Lindskog 1994, Liu & Bu 2009, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Tianjin (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Liu & Bu 2009), Shandong (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Gansu (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Xinjiang (Vinokurov et al. 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Inner Mongolia (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Shanxi (new record), Hubei (new record), Sichuan (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Yunnan (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Xizang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Taiwan (Drake & Maa 1954). General distribution. World-wide distributed, including Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental, Palearctic, Panamanian, Saharo-Arabian and Sino-Japanese (Schuh et al. 1987, Larivière & Larochelle 2018).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0789264FF29F8EDD588FEDC.taxon	description	(Fig. 13)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0789264FF29F8EDD588FEDC.taxon	vernacular_names	Chinese common name. īãø.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0789264FF29F8EDD588FEDC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Inner Mongolia: 3 males, 3 females, E’erduosi city, Honghaizi Wetland Park, 39.5647 ° N, 109.7969 ° E, 1249, 21 July 2023, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 2 males, Bayannao’er city, Wuliangsuhai Lake, 40.8256 ° N, 108.7657 ° E, 989 m, 13 July 2023, Chen Liu leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Xinba’erhu Zuoqi Banner, Xinba’erhu Zuoqi Wetland Park, 48.2102 ° N, 118.2691 ° E, 619 m, 13 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 1 male, Xinba’erhu Zuoqi Banner, Hulun town, 49.3792 ° N, 117.1203 ° E, 662 m, 15 July 2021, Mu Qiao leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Hulunbei’er city, Hulunhu Nature Reserve, Wulanao’er Lake, 48.4153 ° N, 117.5628 ° E, 560 m, 15 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM). Hebei: 1 male, Baoding city, Laiyuanhu Lake, 39.3401 ° N, 114.7251 ° E, 782 m, 23 July 2023, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM). Shanxi: 1 male, Ningwu county, Luyashan Nature Reserve, 1800 m, 20 July 2011, Guijiang Yang leg. (NKUM). Ningxia: 3 males, 3 females, Zhongwei city, Tenggeli Lake, light-trapped, 37.5228 ° N, 105.1172 ° E, 1206 m, 19 July 2023, Chen Liu leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Zhongwei city, Xiangshanhu National Wetland Park, 34.4919 ° N, 105.1998 ° E, 1187 m, 19 July 2023, Huanyu Chen leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Zhongwei city, Shapotou Nature Reserve, 37.5312 ° N, 105.0538 ° E, 1214 m, 1 August 2021, Zezhong Jin leg. (NKUM). Gansu: 3 males, 3 females, Jiuquan city, Jindinghu Lake, 40.3539 ° N, 99.6163 ° E, 1107 m, 17 July 2023, Yuqi Zai leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 3 females, Jiuquan city, Jinta county, Yongsheng village, 1107 m, 16 July 2023, Chen Liu leg. (NKUM). Xinjiang: 1 male, 3 females, Bayinguoleng Prefecture, Bohu county, Bositenghu Lake, 41.8640 ° N, 86.7330 ° E, 1050 m, 13 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 3 females, Altai Prefecture, Habahe county, E’erqisihe River, 47.9920 ° N, 85.7741 ° E, 371 m, 23 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Bayinguoleng Prefecture, G 218 National Highway, Kaiduhe River, 41.9625 ° N, 86.6333 ° E, 982 m, 13 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Bo’ertala Prefecture, Jinghe county, Jinghezhong Bridge, 44.6934 ° N, 82.8337 ° E, 119 m, 20 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Hami city, Tuoputale village, 42.6373 ° N, 93.4699 ° E, 537 m, 10 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Altai Prefecture, Buerjin county, Dulaiti village, 47.4269 ° N, 87.0816 ° E, 503 m, 23 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Tacheng Prefecture, Yumin county, 46.4209 ° N, 82.9138 ° E, 426 m, 21 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Ili Prefecture, Huocheng county, X 123 County Road, 44.1064 ° N, 80.6427 ° E, 636 m, 18 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Altai Prefecture, Jimunai county, Hongshan Reservoir, 47.3862 ° N, 85.8677 ° E, 1018 m, 23 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 2 females, Altai Prefecture, Habahe county, Baishahu Lake, 48.0074 ° N, 85.8731 ° E, 366 m, 23 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Xizang: 3 males, 3 females, Rikaze city, Dingri county, Jiacuo village, 28.9208 ° N, 87.4345 ° E, 5106 m, 13 August 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 1 female, Rikaze city, Dingjie county, Qiongzi village, 28.1762 ° N, 87.8641 ° E, 4279 m, 8 August 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0789264FF29F8EDD588FEDC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body oblong, dorsum with dense, short pubescence (Fig. 13 a). Head short and wide, antennomere II mainly blackish, with yellowish apex, longer than antennomeres III + IV; mandibular plates black, maxillary plates and anteclypeus yellowish, labiomeres III + IV mainly black to blackish-brown, preocellar spots nearly circular. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin shallowly convex, hemelytra with distinct variation, corium mainly dull yellowish-white in pale individuals, basal part of corium black, lateral margin of exocorium with two black spots, dark individuals with complex black-white pigmentation (Fig. 13 b – e); legs mainly yellowish, femora with black stripe on ventral side and dark spots on lateral side, tibiae with a dark spot on apex, dorsal side of foretibia and middle tibia with complete black stripe, apical half of tarsomere III of each leg infuscate. Male parameres with a tuft of short hair on processus sensualis (Fig. 13 f – h), parandria with blunt apex, inner half sclerotized weaker (Fig. 13 i), median endosomal sclerite distinctly slender, U-shape. Female subgenital plate nearly triangular, with a blunt apex, apical half pale. Comparative notes. See comparative notes under Saldula pallipes. Habitats. Contrasting with its perception as a halophilic species in Europe (Lindskog 1975), it demonstrates a remarkable adaptability in China, occupying both salt lakes and freshwater habitats. This species exhibits a preference for semi-arid regions, yet it seldom extends into semi-humid regions within China.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0789264FF29F8EDD588FEDC.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. Saldula palustris is among the most common and widely distributed species in China, including Xinjiang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Gansu (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Hebei (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Liu & Bu 2009, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Ningxia (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Inner Mongolia (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Wang & Li 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Shanxi (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Heilongjiang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Henan (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Sichuan (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Qinghai (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Xizang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018). General distribution. Widely distributed across Afrotropical, Oriental, Palearctic, Saharo-Arabian and Sino-Japanese regions (Schuh et al. 1987, Larivière & Larochelle 2018).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07A9265FF29FA44D35DFDD8.taxon	description	(Figs. 14, 21)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07A9265FF29FA44D35DFDD8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Xizang: 3 males, 3 females, Rikaze city, Jilong county, Zongga town, 28.8266 ° N, 85.2921 ° E, 4000 m, 12 August 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 3 females, Rikaze city, Dingri county, Pengqu River, 28.4818 ° N, 87.5702 ° E, 4159 m, 8 August 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Rikaze city, Kangma county, Samada village, 28.3714 ° N, 89.5376 ° E, 4376 m, 6 August 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 1 female, Rikaze city, Nielamu county, Borong village, 28.6889 ° N, 85.8163 ° E, 4688 m, 11 August 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Rikaze county, Nanmulin county, Nanmulin village, 29.6288 ° N, 89.0465 ° E, 3931 m, 5 August 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 2 females, Rikaze city, Gangba county, Changlong village, 28.2310 ° N, 88.3099 ° E, 4416 m, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 3 females, Shannan city, Yadui village, 28.8892 ° N, 91.9558 ° E, 4249 m, 3 August 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07A9265FF29FA44D35DFDD8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body relatively small, dorsum with dense, long, suberect setae (Fig. 14 a). Head short and wide, dorsal side with dense, suberect or curved setae, antennomere II with dense, long setae; transverse swelling, mandibular plates, maxillary plates, anteclypeus and labrum yellowish, labiomeres III + IV mainly yellowish-brown, preocellar spots relatively small, cuneiform. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin nearly straight; exocorium with a large pale spot on basal half, connecting with the eye spot and forming a C-shape pale spot in pale individuals, apical half of endocorium with scattered pale spots, clavus with a pale spot on apical half (Fig. 14 b – d); legs mainly yellowish, femora with wide black stripe on ventral side and dark spots on lateral side, dorsal side of foretibia with interrupted black stripe, tarsomere III of each leg blackish. Male paramere relatively slender, with long setae on dorsal side, processus sensualis with a small tuft of short hair (Fig. 14 e – g); parandria blunt, inner margin parallel (Fig. 14 h); median endosomal sclerites long and slender. Female subgenital plate nearly triangular, apical half pale. Comparative notes. See comparative notes under S. melanoscela.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07A9265FF29FA44D35DFDD8.taxon	description	Habitats. Saldula pericarti prefers high elevation (i. e. more than 4000 m) riparian habitats, including grasslands or muddy river banks (Fig. 21).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07A9265FF29FA44D35DFDD8.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. First recorded from China, Xizang in this study. General distribution. Saldula pericarti was originally described from northern India (Vinokurov 2012).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07B9268FF29F953D51EFE30.taxon	description	(Fig. 15)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07B9268FF29F953D51EFE30.taxon	vernacular_names	Chinese common name. ŧūãø.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07B9268FF29F953D51EFE30.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Heilongjiang: 1 male, Harbin city, Wanfoshan Mountain, light-trapped, 45.1795 ° N, 128.2008 ° E, 268 m, 15 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 1 female, Heihe city, Aihui distinct, Xingfu village, 50.7541 ° N, 127.2311 ° E, 159 m, 26 August 2023, Mu Qiao leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Yichun city, Jiayin county, Changsheng village, 49.2933 ° N, 129.1901 ° E, 225 m, 24 August 2023, Mu Qiao leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 3 females, Qiqihaer city, Jianhua distinct, light-trapped, 47.4416 ° N, 124.0399 ° E, 176 m, 20 August 2023, Mu Qiao leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 3 females, Daxing’anling Prefecture, Jiagedaqi distinct, Ganhe National Wetland Park, 50.3916 ° N, 124.0957 ° E, 380 m, 19 August 2023, Mu Qiao leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Daxing’anling Prefecture, Jiagedaqi distinct, Yingshanhong Scenic Spot, 50.3916 ° N, 124.0957 ° E, 384 m, 19 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Heihe city, Nenjiang county, Gaofeng Forest Park, 49.0986 ° N, 125.2488 ° E, 336 m, 20 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM). Jilin: 1 female, Baishan city, Changbai county, Malugou town, Shuangshantou, 41.5138 ° N, 128.1381 ° E, 829 m, 9 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, Baishan city, Changbai county, Wangtian’e Mountain, 41.4888 ° N, 127.9439 ° E, 682 m, 9 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Tonghua city, Yayuan county, light-trapped, 41.7686 ° N, 126.1778 ° E, 414 m, on linght, 7 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Inner Mongolia: 2 females, Ke’erqin Youyiqianqi Banner, 46.6859 ° N, 120.4589 ° E, 742 m, 26 August 2023, Chen Liu leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, E’erduosi city, Zhunge’er Banner, Xuejiawan county, 39.8530 ° N, 111.2434 ° E, 1097 m, 21 July 2023, Huanyu Chen leg. (NKUM); 2 males, Wuhai city, Wuhai Botanical Garden, light-trapped, 39.6993 ° N, 106.8193 ° E, 1080 m, 20 July 2023, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 2 females, Huhehaote city, Nanhu Wetland Park, 40.7508 ° N, 111.6470 ° E, 1010 m, 11 July 2023, Chen Liu leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Wulanchabu city, Lamadongwan, 41.1391 ° N, 112.2920 ° E, 1425 m, 11 July 2023, Yuqi Zai leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Wulanchabu League, Keshiketeng Banner, Dalinuo’er Lake, 43.3824 ° N, 116.9753 ° E, 1120 m, 12 August 2013, Wenjun Bu leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Xinba’erhu Youqi Banner, Damaisumu, 48.9885 ° N, 116.9957 ° E, 576 m, 15 July 2023, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 4 females, E’erguna city, E’erguna National Wetland Park, 50.3516 ° N, 120.3099 ° E, 584 m, 17 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 2 females, Kalaqin Banner, Ma’anshan Mountain, 41.8723 ° N, 118.7711 ° E, 896 m, 23 August 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 femaels, Zalantun city, Xiushui mountain villa, light-trapped, 48.0742 ° N, 121.7013 ° E, 344 m, 21 July 2021, Mu Qiao leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Hulunbei’er city, Hulunhu Nature Reserve, Wulanao’er Lake, 48.4153 ° N, 117.5628 ° E, 560 m, 15 July 2023, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Ke’erqin Youyiqianqi Banner, Lüshui Breeding Farm, 46.4617 ° N, 120.3141 ° E, 769 m, 11 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Xinba’erhu Youqi Banner, Hulun town, 49.3792 ° N, 117.1203 ° E, 662 m, 15 July 2021, Mu Qiao leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Abaga Banner, S 101 Province Road, 46.2342 ° N, 118.4828 ° E, 1193 m, 12 July 2014, Xiurong Li leg. (NKUM). Tianjin: 1 female, Dagang Wetland Park, 38.825 ° N, 117.499 ° E, 12 July 2013, Teng Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 1 female, Nankai University, 39.1041 ° N, 111.1756 ° E, 0 m, 16 June 2017, Yanhui Wang leg. (NKUM). Hebei: 3 males, 3 females, Chengde city, Tougou county, Shuangmiao village, 41.1563 ° N, 118.0029 ° E, 416 m, 1 September, Chen Liu leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Baoding city, Laiyuan county, Sunjiaquan village, 39.3993 ° N, 114.9213 ° E, 656 m, 21 September, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Chengde city, Fengning county, Datan town, 41.5955 ° N, 116.0362 ° E, 1500 m, 6 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM). Shandong: 5 males, 5 females, Zibo city, Xihe county, 047 County Road, light-trapped, 36.5573 ° N, 118.0514 ° E, 423 m, 31 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Ningxia: 3 males, 3 females, Zhongwei city, Tenggeli Lake, light-trapped, 37.5228 ° N, 105.1172 ° E, 1206 m, 19 July 2023, Chen Liu leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Wuzhong city, Yanchi county, Dashuikeng town, 37.4083 ° N, 107.0506 ° E, 1497 m, 25 July 2021, Zezhong Jin leg. (NKUM); 2 males, Guyuan city, Yunwushan Nature Reserve, light-trapped, 36.2616 ° N, 106.3849 ° E, 2006 m, 29 July 2021, Zezhong Jin leg. (NKUM). Gansu: 1 male, Lanzhou city, Qinwangchuan National Wetland Park, 36.4642 ° N, 103.6558 ° E, 1887 m, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Zhangye city, Qicai county, 38.9745 ° N, 100.0759 ° E, 1715 m, 7 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 1 female, Jiuquan city, Jindinghu Lake, 40.3539 ° N, 99.6163 ° E, 1107 m, 17 July 2023, Yuqi Zai leg. (NKUM). Xinjiang: 1 male, 3 females, Tacheng Prefecture, Emin county, G 219 National Highway, 46.7990 ° N, 84.1309 ° E, 713 m, 22 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 1 female, Bayinguoleng Prefecture, Bohu county, Bositenghu Lake, 41.8640 ° N, 86.7330 ° E, 1050 m, 13 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 2 females, Bayinguoleng Prefecture, G 218 National Highway, Kaiduhe River, 41.9625 ° N, 86.6333 ° E, 982 m, 13 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Altai Prefecture, Fuyun county, 46.9542 ° N, 89.5384 ° E, 761 m, 26 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 3 females, Ili Prefecture, Huocheng county, X 123 County Road, 44.1064 ° N, 80.6427 ° E, 636 m, 18 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 1 female, Altai Prefecture, Jimunai county, Hongshan Reservoir, 47.3862 ° N, 85.8677 ° E, 1018 m, 23 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 3 females, Altai Prefecture, Habahe county, Baishahu Lake, 48.0074 ° N, 85.8731 ° E, 366 m, 23 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); Xizang: 3 males, 3 females, Rikaze city, Kangma county, Samada village, 28.3714 ° N, 89.5376 ° E, 4376 m, 6 August 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 1 female, Rikaze city, Nielamu county, Borong village, 28.6889 ° N, 85.8163 ° E, 4688 m, 11 August 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07B9268FF29F953D51EFE30.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body relatively large, dorsum with dense, long, suberect setae (Fig. 15 a). Head short and wide, dorsal side with dense, long setae, distance between compound eyes relatively wide; antennomere II relatively long, longer than antennomeres III + IV; mandibular plates black, transverse swelling, maxillary plates and anteclypeus yellowish-brown, labrum mainly black with yellowish marking, labiomeres III + IV mainly black, preocellar spots nearly circular. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin shallowly convex, hemelytra with distinct variation, corium mainly dull-yellowish, dark individuals with complex dark markings on corium (Fig. 15 b – d); legs mainly yellowish, femora with wide black stripe on ventral side and dark spots on lateral side, tibiae dorsally with complete black stripe on basal half, tarsomere III of each leg blackish. Male paramere relatively stout, with long setae on dorsal side, processus sensualis with a small tuft of short hair (Fig. 15 e – g); parandria blunt, inner margin parallel, form a relatively wide sub-rectangular concavity (Fig. 15 h); median endosomal sclerites U-shape. Female subgenital plate nearly triangular, apex rounded, apical half pale. Comparative notes. Saldula pilosella is similar to S. pallipes and S. palustris. However, S. pilosella can be differentiated by the presence of long setae on the dorsal side of the head and thorax, as well as relatively wide distance between the compound eyes. Habitats. Saldula pilosella inhabits various riparian habitats and can be found near both salt lakes and freshwater bodies. This species appears to exhibit a stronger attraction to light, as evidenced by the majority of our specimens being captured through light trapping.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A07B9268FF29F953D51EFE30.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. Saldula pilosella is one of the most common and widely distribute species of China, including Heilongjiang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Jilin (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Liaoning (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Hebei (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Liu & Bu 2009, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Inner Mongolia (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Wang & Li 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Tianjin (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Liu & Bu 2009), Shandong (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Gansu (new record), Ningxia (new record), Xinjiang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Jiangsu (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Sichuan (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Yunnan (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Xizang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018). General distribution. Widely distributed across Oriental, Palearctic, Saharo-Arabian and Sino-Japanese regions (Schuh et al. 1987, Larivière & Larochelle 2018).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A076926EFF29FE11D219FEF8.taxon	description	(Fig. 16, 29)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A076926EFF29FE11D219FEF8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Helongjiang: 1 male, 3 females, Harbin city, Yanshou county, Yanhe town, 45.3730 ° N, 128.2355 ° E, 204 m, 15 August 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Hebei: 1 male, 1 female, Baoding city, Caijiayu Canyon, Bailongtan Lake, 39.4811 ° N, 115.1023 ° E, 738 m, 23 July 2023, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 1 male, Baoding city, Laiyuan county, Sunjiaquan village, 39.3993 ° N, 114.9213 ° E, 656 m, 23 July 2023, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM). Jiangsu: 1 male, Nanjing city, Dishuizhu village, 32.1101 ° N, 118.5699 ° E, 49 m, 17 July 2019, Chenguang Zheng leg. (NKUM); 2 females, Taizhou city, Hailing distinct, Tiandehu Park, 32.4273 ° N, 119.9213 ° E, 9 m, 7 June 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Anhui: 1 female, Anqing city, Yuexi county, Yaoluoping Nature Reserve, 1000 m, 20 July 2012, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM). Hubei: 3 males, 2 females, Huanggang city, Yingshan county, Bisheng Canyon, 30.9792 ° N, 115.9441 ° E, 356 m, 13 July 2022, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, Huanggang city, Yingshan county, Jiangjiafan village, 30.9098 ° N, 115.7853 ° E, 146 m, 13 July 2022, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 1 female, Suizhou city, Guangshui county, Wutongshi village, 31.5038 ° N, 113.6124 ° E, 49 m, 15 July 2022, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Huanggang city, Qichun county, Taiping Forest Park, 30.2349 ° N, 115.8161 ° E, 890 m, 12 July 2022, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, Shiyan city, Zhuxi county, Xinmin village, 32.2767 ° N, 109.6999 ° E, 500 m, 11 August 2015, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); Jiangxi Prov.: 1 male, Nanchang city, Wanli distinct, Shizifeng, 28.8244 ° N, 115.7220 ° E, 62 m, 19 May 2016, Yahui Zhen leg. (NKUM). Fujian: 1 male, Xiamen city, Tong’an distinct, Xiaoping Forest Park, 24.8542 ° N, 118.0368 ° E, 551 m, 28 May 2016, Yahui Zhen leg. (NKUM). Guangdong: 1 male, Shaoguan city, Nanling Forest Park, 24.9176 ° N, 113.0801 ° E, 486 m, 4 June 2016, Yahui Zhen leg. (NKUM). Guangxi: 2 females, Hechi city, Tian’e county, Dashan Forest Park, 25.1929 ° N, 107.0412 ° E, 1055 m, 15 August 2020, Mu Qiao leg. (NKUM). Sichuan: 3 males, Pingchang county, Zhenlongshan Mountain, 1120 m, 24 July 2015, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Jiangyou city, Chonghua town, 31.9653 ° N, 104.8968 ° E, 599 m, Chen’guang Zheng leg. (NKUM). Guizhou: 3 males, 3 females, Fanjingshan Mountain, Huguosi Temple, 1300 m, 4 August 2001, Wenjun Bu leg. (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A076926EFF29FE11D219FEF8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body relatively small, dorsum with dense, short pubescence (Fig. 16 a). Head short and wide, antennomeres I and II yellow, antennomeres III and IV blackish-brown; transverse swelling, mandibular plates, maxillary plates and anteclypeus pale-yellowish in male and yellowish in female, outer margin of gular lobe yellowish, labrum yellowish with black apex, labiomeres III + IV mainly yellowish-brown, preocellar spots cuneiform, attached to inner margin of compound eyes. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin nearly straight, exocorium mainly pale or with dark markings on inner half, endocorium with scattered triangular, pale spots, basal half of endocorium often with incomplete eye spot, basal part of clavus usually with an additional pale spot (Fig. 16 b – e); legs mainly pale-yellowish, femora with brown markings on ventral side and lateral side, tibiae infuscate apically, tarsomere III of each leg with infuscate apex. Male paramere with long setae on dorsal side, processus sensualis with short setae (Fig. 16 f – h), apical part of parandria blunt, slightly converge towards apex (Fig. 16 i), median endosomal sclerite relatively short and wide, nearly V-shaped, with a rounded apex. Female subgenital plate nearly triangular, with rounded apex. Comparative notes. Saldula recticollis is similar to S. melanoscela but can be distinguished by its yellowish mouthpart sclerites and gular lobe, predominantly yellowish femora, absence of a dark stripe on the dorsal side of the foretibia, and distinct pigmentation of the hemelytra.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A076926EFF29FE11D219FEF8.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The taxonomy of S. recticollis in China has been confused for an extended period. Drake & Maa (1954) described S. fukiena from Fujian Prov., which is a junior synonymy of S. recticollis. After that, Chen (1987), Chen & Lindskog (1994) reported S. arsenjevi from northern and western China and S. fukiena from Fujian, Sichuan, and Guizhou, without acknowledging any records of S. recticollis. The synonymies were proposed by Lindskog (1995) based on specimens from NKUM. This synonymy was later supported by Vinokurov et al. (2018), who reviewed materials examined by Per Lindskog. Our recent examination of materials collected from ten provinces in China reveals a consistent variation in wing pigmentation between populations in the north and the south: the exocorium of the southern population (e. g., Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Anhui, Fujian) is almost entirely pale or features a faint dark spot on the median part (Fig. 16 b, c), which is close to the description of S. fukiena (Drake & Maa 1954); whereas the northern population (e. g., Heilongjiang, Hebei) predominantly displays a dark exocorium with pale spots (Fig. 16 d, e), matching the original description of S. arsenjevi from Sakhalin, Russia (Vinokurov 1981), which is more closely-matching the original description of S. recticollis provided by Horváth (1899). Despite this geographic variation in hemelytral pigmentation, the structural characteristics and genitalia remain consistent across both populations, leading us to support the synonyms as established by Lindskog (1995). Habitats. Saldula recticollis can occupy multiple riparian habitats, including banks of rivers and lakes (Fig. 29).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A076926EFF29FE11D219FEF8.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. Saldula recticollis has a wide distribution across latitude in China, especially predominant in southeastern and southern China, including Hubei (Chen 1987, Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Guangdong (Vinokurov 2015, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Guangxi (new record), Hebei (Chen 1987, Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Jiangsu (new record), Jiangxi (Vinokurov et al. 2018), Sichuan (Chen 1987, Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Heilongjiang (Chen 1987, Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Anhui (new record), Fujian (Drake & Maa 1954, Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Hunan (Chen 1987, Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Guizhou (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Qinghai (Chen 1987, Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Sichuan (Chen 1987, Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018) and Yunnan (Chen 1987, Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018). General distribution. East-Asian species including China, Japan, Korea and Russian Far East (Drake & Maa 1954, Horváth 1899, Vinokurov 1981, Chen & Lindskog 1994, Lindskog 1995).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A070926FFF29FE4CD588FE69.taxon	description	(Fig. 17, 24, 30)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A070926FFF29FE4CD588FE69.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Jinlin: 3 males, Jiaohe city, Shangdian village, 43.7503 ° N, 126.8968 ° E, 286 m, 2 May 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Inner Mongolia: 3 males, 1 female, Kalaqin Banner, Maojingba Forest Park, 41.6108 ° N, 118.2324 ° E, 1098 m, 4 August 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, A’ershan city, Badaogoumen, 47.1006 ° N, 120.1207 ° E, 1111 m, 12 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, A’ershan city, Haosengou, 47.0670 ° N, 120.5964 ° E, 1142 m, 12 July 2021, Zhen Ye Leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Genhe city, Genheyuan Wetland Park, 50.7988 ° N, 121.5704 ° E, 716 m, 17 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 1 female, Ke’erqin Youyiqianqi Banner, Lüshui Breeding Farm, 46.4617 ° N, 120.3141 ° E, 769 m, 11 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Yakeshi city, Tulihe county, 50.4572 ° N, 120.9983 ° E, 630 m, 17 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Ningcheng county, Huluyu Scenic Spots, 41.8138 ° N, 118.7568 ° E, 1017 m, 3 August 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM). Shanxi: 1 female, Lüliang county, Pangquangou Nature Reserve, 37.8382 ° N, 111.4805 ° E, 1713 m, 16 July 2023, Beichen Zhang leg. (NKUM). Xinjiang: 2 males, 1 female, Ili Prefecture, Xinyuan county, S 315 Province Road, 43.7516 ° N, 83.4036 ° E, 1549 m, 17 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Altai Prefecture, Bu’erjin county, Yelaman village, 48.1804 ° N, 86.8787 ° E, 946 m, 23 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 female, Bo’ertala Prefecture, Wenquan county, X 210 county road, 44.8581 ° N, 81.2375 ° E, 1424 m, 19 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 2 females, Bo’ertala Prefecture, Wenquan county, Bogeda’er Forest Park, 44.9826 ° N, 81.0239 ° E, 1293 m, 19 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Sichuan: Ganzi Prefecture, Kangding city, G 318 National Highway, 30.0324 ° N, 101.5428 ° E, 3463 m, 1 August 2022, Ying Wang leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Ganzi Prefecture, Kangding city, Yuelianghu Lake, 29.3423 ° N, 101.3279 ° E, 3567 m, 27 July 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Ganzi Prefecture, Daofu county, Yala Snow Mountain, 30.4758 ° N, 101.6553 ° E, 3640 m, 26 July 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 3 males, 3 females, Aba Prefecture, Li county, Miyaluo town, 31.5110 ° N, 102.7287 ° E, 3219 m, 25 July 2024, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Yunnan: 1 male, Tengchong city, Shaba village, 24.9554 ° N, 98.5472 ° E, 1702 m, 27 April 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, Yuxi city, Yuanjiang county, Wangxiangtai Nature Reserve, 2010 m, 17 August 2006, Ming Li leg. (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A070926FFF29FE4CD588FE69.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body relatively stout, dorsum mainly black, with short pubescence (Fig. 17 a). Head short and wide, antennomere I mainly black with dark-yellowish markings, antennomeres II – IV black; median part of transverse swelling black, mandibular plates and maxillary plates dark-yellowish, anteclypeus dark-yellowish with black markings, labrum mainly black with median part dark-yellowish, labiomeres III + IV blackish-brown to black, preocellar spots cuneiform, relatively small, attached to inner margin of compound eyes. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin convex, hemelytra mainly black with dull-yellowish markings, dark marking on median part of exocorium reaching the outer margin of exocorium except extremely pale individuals, endocorium with an eye spot on basal half and with scattered pale spots on apical half (Fig. 17 b – d); femora with wide, black stripe on ventral side and black spots on lateral side, tibiae with black spots on basal and apical end, fore- and middle tibia with an interrupted black stripe on dorsal side, tarsomere III of each leg dark-brown. Male paramere with long setae on dorsal side, process sensualis with a small tuft of short setae (Fig. 17 e – g), parandria with rounded apex, inner margin shallowly concave, inner half with weaker sclerotization (Fig. 17 h). Female subgenital plate nearly triangular, with pale margin. Comparative notes. See comparative notes under S. fucicola. Habitats. Saldula saltatoria occupies various habitats, including particularly unstable environments such as shallow and temporary puddles (Fig. 24).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A070926FFF29FE4CD588FE69.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. This species is widely distributed in China, including Jilin (new record), Inner Mongolia (Wang & Li 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Hebei (Drake & Maa 1954), Shanxi (new record), Xinjiang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Yunnan (new record), Qinghai (Vinokurov 2015, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Sichuan (Vinokurov et al. 2018), Taiwan (Drake & Maa 1954, Vinokurov et al. 2018). General distribution. Widely distributed across Nearctic, Palearctic, Panamanian, Saharo-Arabian and Sino-Japanese regions (Schuh et al. 1987, Larivière & Larochelle 2018).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A071926CFF29FA02D407FE68.taxon	description	(Fig. 32)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A071926CFF29FA02D407FE68.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: male. RUSSIA: Zabaykalsky Krai: Sretensky District, Urulga Railway Station, Kokuy, 9 June 1918, A. Keller leg. (ZIR).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A071926CFF29FA02D407FE68.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body relatively ovate, brachypterous individuals predominant, dorsum with dense, long, black setae. Head short and wide, antennomere II yellowish, with dense, long hairs; mandibular plates, transverse swelling, maxillary plates and anteclypeus mainly yellowish; preocellar spots elongated, cuneiform, attached to inner margin of compound eyes. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin shallowly concave; hemelytra mainly pale, with vague brown markings; legs mainly yellowish. Comparative notes. See comparative notes under S. nobilis.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A071926CFF29FA02D407FE68.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the original description of this species, Cobben (1985) also offered detailed comparative notes and illustrations. Additionally, a photograph of the dorsal habitus was presented by Vinokurov et al. (2018). This species is not included within Saldula (s. str.) as defined by Lindskog & Polhemus (1992) for lack of the synapomorphic characters of Saldula (s. str.) (i. e., eye spot on median cell of endocorium and laminar projection on the male median endosomal sclerite), as clarified by Lindskog (1995).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A071926CFF29FA02D407FE68.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. Xinjiang (Vinokurov et al. 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018). General distribution. South Siberian-Central Asia species. Distributed in Kazakhstan, southern Siberia of Russia, western Mongolia and northwestern China (Cobben 1985, Lindskog 1995, Vinokurov 2004 b, Vinokurov et al. 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0729253FF29FDFCD6E0FE30.taxon	description	(Fig. 18)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0729253FF29FDFCD6E0FE30.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Taiwan: 1 male, Xinbei city, Xindian distinct, Siqianshui, 466 m, 6 September 2017, Juanjuan Yuan leg. (NKUM); 1 male, Taizhong city, Heping distinct, Yilan county, Datong village, 10 September 2017, Juanjuan Yuan leg. (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A0729253FF29FDFCD6E0FE30.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body relatively small, dorsum with short pubescence (Fig. 18 a). Head short and wide, antennomeres II – IV black; mandibular plates black, transverse swelling, maxillary plates and anteclypeus yellowish, labrum yellowish with black margins, labiomeres III + IV yellowish, infuscate apically, preocellar spots elongated, attached to inner margin of compound eyes. Pronotum short and wide, lateral margin nearly straight; hemelytra without large variation, mainly black, costal area completely pale, inner half of exocorium with three pale spots, endocorium with an incomplete eye spot, apical half with scattered pale spots (Fig. 18 b); legs mainly yellowish, femora with dark stripe on ventral side and dark spots on lateral side, dorsal side of tibiae with dark spot on basal end, apex of tibiae infuscate, foretibia pale or with a vague dark marking on dorsal side, tarsomere III of each leg infuscate apically. Paramere slender, with long hairs on dorsal side, processus sensualis small, with a small tuft of short setae (Fig. 18 c – e), parandria with blunt apex, inner margin subparallel (Fig. 18 f). Female specimen not examined. Comparative notes. See comparative notes under S. bengali. Habitats. Unknown. Distribution in China. Taiwan (Cobben 1985, Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018). General distribution. Endemic in China, Taiwan (Cobben 1985, Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A04D9251FF29FA20D51EFBA8.taxon	description	(Figs 19, 22)	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A04D9251FF29FA20D51EFBA8.taxon	vernacular_names	Chinese common name. W ẖãø.	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A04D9251FF29FA20D51EFBA8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. CHINA: Inner Mongolia: 3 males, 3 females, E’erduosi city, Zhunge’er Banner, Xuejiawan county, 39.8530 ° N, 111.2434 ° E, 1097 m, 21 July 2023, Huanyu Chen leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 1 female, Huolinguole city, Huolinguole Wetland Park, 45.5346 ° N, 119.6770 ° E, 821 m, 10 July 2021, Zhen Ye leg. (NKUM). Hebei: 1 female, Baoding city, Laiyuan county, Sunjiaquan village, 39.3993 ° N, 114.9213 ° E, 656 m, 21 September 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Tianjin: 5 females, Yangliuqing, 20 June 1985, Xinhua Wang leg. (NKUM); 2 males, 3 females, Yangliuqing, 22 June 1985, Ping-ping Chen leg. (NKUM); 1 male, 2 females, Liutan, 20 June 1985, Huanguang Zou leg. (NKUM). Gansu: 1 male, 3 females, Wuwei city, Minqin county, Shiyanghe National Wetland Park, 38.2185 ° N, 102.7602 ° E, 1440 m, 5 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM). Xinjiang: 1 male, 4 females, Tacheng Prefecture, Yumin county, 46.4209 ° N, 82.9138 ° E, 426 m, 21 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM); 1 male, Bo’ertala Prefecture, Wenquan county, X 210 county road, 44.9360 ° N, 81.1441 ° E, 1238 m, 19 July 2023, Zihe Li leg. (NKUM).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A04D9251FF29FA20D51EFBA8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dorsum mainly yellowish, with dense, short pubescence (Fig. 19 a). Head short and wide, antennomere II yellowish, relatively long; mandibular plates, transverse swelling, maxillary plates and anteclypeus mainly pale-yellowish, gular lobe with pale-yellowish margin, labrum pale-yellowish, labiomeres III + IV mainly black, preocellar spots relatively large, cuneiform, attached to inner margin of compound eyes. Pronotum short and wide, with yellowish lateral margin, in pale individuals with large yellowish spot on lateral side; corium mainly pale, in dark individuals with dark stripes, clavus black, completely yellowish in extremely pale individuals, with a large pale spot on apex (Fig. 19 b – d); legs mainly yellowish, foretibia with complete dark stripe on dorsal side, tarsomere III of each leg with infuscated apex. Male paramere relatively stout, dorsal side with dense, long setae, processus sensualis blunt, with a small tuft of short setae (Fig. 19 e – g); parandria blunt, slightly converged to apex (Fig. 19 h). Female subgenital plate sub-triangular, apical half pale. Comparative notes. See comparative notes under S. arenicola arenicola. Habitats. The specimens collected from Gansu were found on sandy river bank (Fig. 22).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
03D08792A04D9251FF29FA20D51EFBA8.taxon	distribution	Distribution in China. Heilongjiang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Jilin (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Liaoning (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Inner Mongolia (Wang & Li 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Hebei (new record), Tianjin (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Shanxi (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2018), Gansu (new record), Xinjiang (Chen & Lindskog 1994, Vinokurov et al. 2012, Vinokurov et al. 2018). General distribution. Widely distributed across Oriental, Palearctic, Saharo-Arabian and Sino-Japanese regions (Schuh et al. 1987, Larivière & Larochelle 2018).	en	Li, Zihe, Li, Hongjiao, Bu, Wenjun, Ye, Zhen (2025): Taxonomic review of Saldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 451-488, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
