identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D187F8FF9DFFE949975510FADAFDBA.text	03D187F8FF9DFFE949975510FADAFDBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Davidius zallorensis Hagen	<div><p>Davidius zallorensis Hagen in Selys, 1878</p><p>(Figs 1a–n; 3a–b; 4a–b; 5a)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>1 ♂ larva, 3 ♀♀ larvae, 15. VI. 2019, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.38&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.51" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.38/lat 25.51)">Sanjiacun Stream</a> (25.51°N, 100.38°E, 2,129 m a.s.l), Fenyi Town, Dali City, Yunnan Province, China, Guo-Hui Yang leg. ;  1 ♂ larva, 10. IV. 2019, same locality and collector,  1 ♂ F-0, adult emergence 22. IV. 2019 .</p><p>Description</p><p>Moderately sized (19–24 mm length), body dark brown, flattened, with yellow setae (Figs. 1a; 4a). Body surface with yellow–brown, fine hair, and lateral spines present on S7–9 (Figs. 1a; 1k; 1m –n).</p><p>Head. Wider than long, about 1.6 times as wide as long. Labrum light brown, with short stiff setae on external surface. Clypeus dark brown and bare. Frons dark brown, with dense rows of short brown setae on distal margin (Figs. 1a; 3a). Occipital margin protrusion large and distinct, protruding more laterally, with fine and short setae (Figs. 1a; 3a). Antennae 4-segmented, inserted in front of the level of anterior margins of eyes, with fine long hairs on lateral margins; third segment long, elliptical in shape, and longest, about 2.3 times as long as wide, and flanked by fine, long yellow setae, its length nearly twice the length of the two basal segments combined, fourth segment shortest, length of each segment (mm): 0.47, 0.23, 1.44, 0.11 (Fig. 1b). Compound eyes large, bulging laterally. Prementum trapezoid, long about 1.1 times as long as its widest part, widening from the 1/3 of basal, lateral edges covered with long, light brown setae; ligula shallowly convex, with four central teeth on apical margin, and with a dense row of long setae; labial palp brown, curved inwards; palpal lobe brown, conical, with nine short, irregular teeth on the inner side, pointed at the end; movable hook long, about 2.1 times as long as end hook (Figs. 1c–d). Mandibles light brown, teeth black, formula: L 1234 0 a (m 1,2,3,4) b, with incisors 1&gt; 2&gt; 3&gt; 4; R 1234 y a (m 1,2,3,4) b, with incisors 1&gt; 2&gt; 3&gt; 4, a&gt;b in both mandibles, incisor crest high, m denticles small, terete, semi-fused forming a continuous ridge (Fig. 1e–h). Maxillae with seven sharp hooks covered with dense setae, and the whole maxilla covered with dense, long setae (Fig.1i–j).</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax light brown and rectangular. Pterothorax light brown with yellow–brown hair-like setae at sides. Wing sheaths divergent, forewing sheaths reaching anterior margin of S4, hindwing sheaths reaching posterior margin of S4. Legs short and stocky, with stretched hind femur extending to one-half of S6. All legs with fine, yellow, dense setae.</p><p>Abdomen. Brown, covered with sparse tawny setae. Mid-abdomen expanded, maximum width on S5 (Figs. 1a, 1k), without markings, and very flat. Dorsal hooks absent, posterolateral spines present on S7–9 (Figs. 1a, 1k). Paraproct approximately 1.2 times longer than epiproct. Cerci short, one-half the epiproct’s length (Figs. 1n, 3b). Male with a pair of larger protuberances on the supra-anal plate, angular, distinctly protruding backwards (Fig. 3b). The marks of male accessory genitalia are visible ventrally at S2–3 (Fig. 1l); female gonapophyses rudimentary, visible at posterior margin of S8 (Fig. 1m).</p><p>Measurements (mm). Larvae (in alcohol, N=5). Total length (including caudal appendages) 19–24; length of abdomen (including caudal appendages) 12–15; maximum width of head 4–5; length of hind femur 3–5.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D187F8FF9DFFE949975510FADAFDBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Li, Guo;Yang, Guo-Hui	Li, Guo, Yang, Guo-Hui (2025): Descriptions of the last instar larvae of two species of Davidius Selys, 1878 from Erhai Lake Basin, Yunnan, China (Odonata: Gomphidae). Zootaxa 5633 (3): 573-582, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.3.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.3.10
03D187F8FF98FFEF49975156FEE2F872.text	03D187F8FF98FFEF49975156FEE2F872.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Davidius davidii subsp. yunnanensis Yang & Davies 1996	<div><p>Davidius davidii yunnanensis Yang &amp; Davies, 1996</p><p>(Figs 2a–n; 3c–d; 4c–e; 5b)</p><p>Material examined</p><p>2 ♂♂ larvae, 2 ♀♀ larvae, 26. III. 2021, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.04&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.69" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.04/lat 25.69)">Xueshanhe Stream</a> (25.69°N, 100.04°E, 2272 m a.s.l), Yangbi Town, Dali City, Yunnan Province, China, Guo-Hui Yang leg. ,  1 ♂ F-0, adult emergence 10. IV. 2021;   1 ♂ larva, 2 ♀♀ larvae, 19. III. 2022, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.9/lat 26.0)">Luopingshan Stream</a> (26.00°N, 99.90°E, 2673 m a.s.l), Fenyu Town, Dali City, Yunnan Province, China, Guo-Hui Yang leg. ,  1 ♀ F-0, adult emergence 16. IV. 2022,  1 ♀ F-0, adult emergence 18. IV. 2022 .  Of these, 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ larvae were successfully reared to adult in the laboratory.</p><p>Description</p><p>Moderately sized (18–23 mm length), body brown (Figs. 2a; 4c), flattened, lateral spines present on S7–9 (Figs. 2a, 2k; 2m –n), irregular dark in the living individual (Fig. 4c).</p><p>Head. Mouthparts very similar to  D. zallorensis (Fig 2), but head 2.0 times as wide as long. Occipital margin protrusion small and not projecting laterally (Figs. 2a, 3c). The third segment of antennae longer than wide, about 1.6 times as long as wide, length of each segment (mm): 0.25, 0.26, 1.26, 0.10 (Fig. 2b). Ligula with five distinct blackish–brown teeth in the middle; labial palp roundly-pointed and movable hook long, about 1.9 times as long as end hook (Fig. 2c–d).</p><p>Thorax. Very similar to  D. zallorensis but wing sheaths parallel, forewing sheaths reaching to 1/2 of S5, hindwing sheaths extending to 1/4 of S6; and hind femur extending to middle of S4.</p><p>Abdomen. Elliptical, widest at middle, maximum width on S5 (Fig. 2k). Dorsal hooks absent, posterolateral spines present on S7-9 (Figs. 2a, 2k). Paraprocts approximately 1.2 times longer than epiproct. Cerci short, 1/2 epiproct’s length (Figs. 2n, 3d). Male with small protuberances on supra-anal plate, slightly elevated upwards near lateral margins (Fig. 3d). The marks of male accessory genitalia are visible ventrally at S2-3 (Fig. 2l); female gonapophyses rudimentary, visible at posterior margin of S8 (Fig. 2m).</p><p>Measurements (mm) Larvae (in alcohol, N=7). Total length (including caudal appendages) 18–23; length of abdomen (including caudal appendages) 12–15; maximum width of head 4–5; length of hind femur 3–5.</p><p>Habitat</p><p>The larvae of  D. davidii yunnanensis were found in shallow mountain streams with high forest vegetation coverage. In the laboratory, they pushed the gravel on both sides of their bodies with their feet, hiding themselves inside and captured prey by sudden attacks. The adult males exhibit territorial behavior by perching on the rocks or plants near water in sunny days (Figs. 4c–e; 5b).</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>Davidius zhoui Chao, 1995,  D. davidii yunnanensis,  D. zallorensis and  Davidius sp. n. have been recorded from Erhai Lake Basin, Yunnan Province, China (Yang et al. 2008; Zhang 2019).</p><p>Nine larvae of  Davidius have been described. The larva of  D. zallorensis differs from that of  D. truncus by prementum widening from the 1/3 of basal and the widest of abdomen in S5 (prementum constricted in basal twothirds and the widest of abdomen in S 6 in  D. truncus); from that of  D. fruhstorferi by occipital margin protrusion large, protruding more laterally and the widest of abdomen in S5 (occipital margin protrusion small, not projecting much laterally and the widest of abdomen in S 6 in  D. fruhstorferi); from that of  D. davidii yunnanensis by four teeth on the apex of prementum and long lateral spine of S9, about 0.46 times lateral spine on S9/S9 ratio (five teeth on the apex of prementum and 0.21 times lateral spine on S9/S9 ratio in  D. davidii yunnanensis); from that of  Davidius spec 1 by wing sheaths divergent and male with a pair of larger protuberances on the supra-anal plate, distinctly protruding backwards (wing sheaths parallel and male with a pair of small projections on the supra-anal plate, inconspicuous in lateral view in  Davidius spec 1); from that of  Davidius spec 2 by four teeth on the apex of prementum and male with a pair of larger protuberances on the supra-anal plate, distinctly protruding backwards (with fourteen teeth on the apex of prementum and male supra-anal plate has no visible protuberances in  Davidius spec 2); from that of  D. fujiama by occipital margin protrusion large, protruding more laterally and the third segment of antenna long, about 2.3 times as long as wide (occipital margin protrusion small not projecting much laterally and the third segment of antenna about 2.0 times as long as wide in  D. fujiama); from that of  D. nanus by male with a pair of larger protuberances on the supra-anal plate, distinctly protruding backwards and the third segment of antenna long, about 2.3 times as long as wide (male with small protuberances on supra-anal plate, slightly elevated upwards near lateral margins and the third segment of antenna about 2.0 times as long as wide in  D. nanus); from that of  D. moiwanus by male with a pair of larger protuberances on the supra-anal plate, distinctly protruding backwards and the widest of abdomen in S5 (male with a pair of small projections on the supra-anal plate, inconspicuous in lateral view and the widest of abdomen in S 6 in  D. moiwanus).</p><p>The larva of  D. davidii yunnanensis with five teeth on ligula, it can be distinguished from other eight larvae of this genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D187F8FF98FFEF49975156FEE2F872	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Li, Guo;Yang, Guo-Hui	Li, Guo, Yang, Guo-Hui (2025): Descriptions of the last instar larvae of two species of Davidius Selys, 1878 from Erhai Lake Basin, Yunnan, China (Odonata: Gomphidae). Zootaxa 5633 (3): 573-582, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5633.3.10, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5633.3.10
