taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DB87EE8D3CAD09219E63642ACEFEF3.taxon	description	MycoBank: MB 812757	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3CAD09219E63642ACEFEF3.taxon	description	Pileus 2.5 – 9.5 cm in diameter, convex, becoming broadly convex to nearly plane in age; surface dry, finely tomentose, deep red to dull red or rose red, fading to brownish rose to dull brown or buffy brown from the disc outward, margin retain its color longer than the disc; context whitish to pale yellow, bluing slightly when exposed. Hymenophore surface at first bright yellow to golden yellow, becoming dingy olive yellow to brownish yellow in age, bluing then slowly staining brownish when bruised; pores circular to somewhat elongate, 2 – 3 per mm; tubes 4 – 15 mm deep. Stipe 4 – 9 × 1 – 1.6 cm, mostly equal, gradually broadening towards base, dry, solid, minutely and densely pruinose, rosy red to dark red or purplish red with yellow at the apex, typically reticulate nearly overall or at least on the upper portion, reticulation usually distinct; basal mycelium whitish to pale yellow. Odor not distinct. Taste unpleasant, typically bitter or somewhat tart (Smith & Thiers 1971; Bessette et al. 2000). Basidiospores [40 / 1 / 1] 9 – 13 (14) × 3.5 – 5 μm [Q = (2.40) 2.44 – 3.25 (3.67), Q m = 2.83 ± 0.31], subfusiform, subhyaline in KOH. Hymenophoral trama boletoid. Basidia 24 – 35 × 7 – 10 μm, clavate, hyaline in KOH, 4 - spored. Pleurocystidia 26 – 38 × 8 – 12 μm, smooth and thin-walled, hyaline in KOH, narrowly lageniform, lageniform to fusoidventricose; cheilocystidia similar to pleurocystidia in shape but smaller. Pileipellis composed of interwoven hyphae 4 – 6 μm in diameter, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline. Clamp connections absent.	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3CAD09219E63642ACEFEF3.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Scattered or in groups on the ground in broadleaf forests and mixed woods, especially with beech and oak.	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3CAD09219E63642ACEFEF3.taxon	distribution	Known distribution: Known from eastern North America.	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3CAD09219E63642ACEFEF3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: USA. Tennessee, Sevier, Gatlinburg, 06 Aug 1963, TENN 027510.	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3CAD09219E63642ACEFEF3.taxon	discussion	Notes: Boletus peckii was transferred to the genus Caloboletus for its bitter taste (Vizzini 2014 b). However, recent phylogenetic analyses indicated that this species nested with Bu. appendiculatus and its allies (“ regius Clade ” in Nuhn et al. 2013; Clade 46 in Wu et al. 2014; this study); Morphologically, its context turns blue when exposed and then becomes light red (Smith & Thiers 1971; Bessette et al. 2000), which is also different from the bluish color change in Caloboletus (Zhao et al. 2014 a).	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3AAD08219E65662828FC26.taxon	description	MycoBank: MB 812758	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3AAD08219E65662828FC26.taxon	description	Pileus 8 – 15 cm in diameter, hemispherical to convex, margin strongly incurved and wavy when young; surface dry, appressed-tomentose but sub-shiny to the naked eye, pale pink over the disc, deeper pink over the marginal areas, fading in age to buff; context pale yellow, deep yellow above tubes, bluing weakly when exposed but soon fading to whitish. Hymenophore surface yellow at first, brownish olive when mature, bluing weakly or unchanging when injured; pores angular, 1 – 2 per mm; tubes 8 – 17 mm long, concolorous with the surface, not bluing or only weakly bluing when bruised. Stipe 6.5 – 7.5 × 1 – 2 cm, tapered upwards, reticulated over the upper half to two-thirds, the reticulation not strongly raised, with simple, narrow and elongated meshes, the meshes white, the interspaces finely pruinose, yellow near the apex, white with a very pale flush of pink downward; context pale yellow throughout, not bluing when exposed; basal mycelium white. Odor nutty, sweet. Taste not distinct (Bessette et al. 2000). Basidiospores [40 / 1 / 1] (10) 11 – 14 × 3 – 4.5 (5) μm [Q = (2.75) 2.88 – 3.83 (4.00), Q m = 3.31 ± 0.32], subfusiform, subhyaline in KOH. Basidia 24 – 34 × 6 – 10 μm, clavate, hyaline in KOH, 4 - spored. Hymenophoral trama boletoid. Pleurocystidia 22 – 40 × 6 – 8 μm, narrowly lageniform to lageniform, sometimes narrowly clavate, smooth and thin-walled, hyaline in KOH; cheilocystidia 30 – 44 × 9 – 13 μm, similar to pleurocystidia in shape. Pileipellis composed of interwoven hyphae 4 – 6 μm in diameter, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline; end cells not differentiated. Clamp connections absent.	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3AAD08219E65662828FC26.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Solitary, scattered, or in groups on the ground under oak.	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3AAD08219E65662828FC26.taxon	distribution	Known distribution: Known from Arizona, southwest of the United States.	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3AAD08219E65662828FC26.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: USA. Arizona, Cochise County, Prope Chiricahua Mountains, Aug 1991, R. Chapman 0945 (BUF, type).	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3AAD08219E65662828FC26.taxon	discussion	Notes: Butyriboletus pulchriceps is closely related to Bu. peckii. However, Bu. pulchriceps has a pink to pinkish yellow pileal surface and has no distinctive taste, whereas the pileal surface of Bu. peckii is rose red to deep red and it has a bitter taste (Smith & Theirs 1971; Bessette et al. 2000). Butyriboletus pulchriceps is similar to Bu. roseopurpureus and B. speciosus. However, the pileal surfaces of the latter two species are bright red or purplish red, not pink to pinkish yellow. Furthermore, the context of Bu. roseopurpureus and B. speciosus will turn blue rapidly and obviously when injured, whereas that of Bu. pulchriceps blues weakly (Smith & Thiers 1971; Bessette et al. 2000).	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3BAD0B219E67D72E0BF9AB.taxon	description	MycoBank: MB 812759	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3BAD0B219E67D72E0BF9AB.taxon	description	Pileus 7 – 15 cm in diameter, convex, becoming broadly convex to nearly plane in age, margin incurved at first, later decurved; surface viscid-tacky in wet weather but drying quickly, velvety-tomentose at first, becoming appressed-tomentose to fibrillose, the fibrils darker, narrow; a striking pinkish purple when fresh, becoming dark purplish pink to dark purplish red, at times somewhat mottled in these colors, the marginal areas becoming grayish in age; context pale yellow, instantly dark blue when exposed but soon fading to pale slate color. Hymenophore surface at first lemon yellow or more golden, becoming yellowish olive to greenish olive at maturity, instantly dark blue to greenish blue when bruised, soon fading to pale greenish blue or greenish gray; pores circular, 1 – 2 per mm; tubes 5 – 10 mm deep, concolorous with the surface, bluing rapidly when injured. Stipe 4.5 – 8.5 × 2 – 4 cm, equal or slightly tapered downwards, reticulated near the entire length, or at least over the upper two-thirds, and the lower third appressed-tomentose, the reticultion in part strongly raised; bright yellow over most of the length of the stipe, occasionally with burgundy red areas near the base; surface instantly staining dark blue when bruised; context deep yellow, in basal areas burgundy red in some specimens, instantly bluing when exposed but soon fading to pale slate color; basal mycelium white. Odor fragrant. Taste very sour, like lemon (Bessette et al. 2000). Basidiospores [60 / 2 / 2] (9) 10 – 13 × (3) 3.5 – 5 μm [Q = 2.20 – 2.88 (3.00), Q m = 2.59 ± 0.24], subfusiform, subhyaline in KOH. Basidia 24 – 35 × 6 – 10 μm, clavate, hyaline in KOH, 4 - spored. Hymenophoral trama boletoid. Pleurocystidia 32 – 44 × 10 – 15 μm, smooth and thin-walled, hyaline in KOH, lageniform to fusoid-ventricose; cheilocystidia similar to pleurocystidia in shape but smaller. Pileipellis composed of interwoven hyphae 4 – 6 μm in diameter, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline; end cells not differentiated. Clamp connections absent.	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3BAD0B219E67D72E0BF9AB.taxon	biology_ecology	Habitat: Solitary or in small groups in mixed woods of oak, beech, hemlock and maple.	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3BAD0B219E67D72E0BF9AB.taxon	distribution	Known distribution: Known from eastern North America.	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3BAD0B219E67D72E0BF9AB.taxon	materials_examined	Materials examined: USA. New York, Erie County, Chestnut Ridge Park, 27 July 1995, E. E. Both 3765 (BUF, type); Tennessee, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 24 Jul 2008, DLJ-TN- 08 - 17 (NY 01042656).	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
03DB87EE8D3BAD0B219E67D72E0BF9AB.taxon	discussion	Notes: Bessette et al. (2000) separated B. roseopurpureus from B. speciosus (1874: 2) on account of its pileal surface with purplish tone and the smaller spores. However, according to a recent study (Arora & Frank 2014), the ITS sequences obtained from several collections of Bu. roseopurpureus are identical to those of Boletus speciosus collections from TENN sequenced by Li et al. (2014). Due to the lack of well dried specimens and sequences of tef 1 - α and rpb 1 of B. speciosus for a multi-gene analysis, its systematic position can only be settled in the future.	en	Zhao, Kuan, Wu, Gang, Halling, Roy E., Yang, Zhu L. (2015): Three new combinations of Butyriboletus (Boletaceae). Phytotaxa 234 (1): 51-62, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.1.3
