identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E387DF47486E4CFF0ECE925A84FD60.text	03E387DF47486E4CFF0ECE925A84FD60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Funneliformis huaxica M. Y. Suo, C. L. Long, R. J. He, D. Y. Chen & L. Jiang 2025	<div><p>Funneliformis huaxica M.Y. Suo, C.L. Long, R.J. He, D.Y. Chen &amp; L. Jiang, sp. nov. Figs 2A–H</p><p>Fungal Name FN 572509</p><p>Etymology:— huaxica, meaning "HuaXi", indicating that this species was initially discovered in Huaxi District, Guiyang City, China.</p><p>Diagnosis:— Differs from F. geosporum by having no reaction in Melzer's reagent, and separated by analysis of the 18S-ITS-28S rDNA region and RPB1 gene sequence.</p><p>Holotype:— HMAS 353838 ( Fungarium, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences).</p><p>Description:— Sporocarps: Unknown. Spores: Produced singly in soil, pale yellow, spherical to sub-spherical, occasionally ellipsoidal or irregular. Spores 104–213 × 135–246 μm, contents colorless with transparent oil droplets of varying sizes, showing no reaction to Melzer's reagent; wall composed of three distinct layers (sw1, sw2, sw3), with sw1 being a transient wall, hyaline, about 0.5–2.5 μm thick, showing no reaction to Melzer's reagent; sw2 is a lamellar wall, pale yellow to yellow-brown, about 0.4–1.5 μm thick, thickening to 4.5 μm at the base of the spore, showing no reaction to Melzer's reagent; sw3 is light yellow to yellow-brown, about 0.6 μm thick, usually tightly adhering to sw2 even in vigorously crushed spores, showing no reaction to Melzer's reagent. Subtending hypha single, funnel-shaped, connection point width ranging from 16–25 μm, light yellow to yellow-brown, straight or curved, hyphal wall (shw1, shw2, shw3) continues from sw1, sw2, sw3, connection pore is closed by a septum formed by shw3.</p><p>Mycorrhizal associations:— In natural conditions, this fungus was found in the rhizosphere soil of Uncaria rhynchophylla . In greenhouse conditions, it successfully formed intraradical hyphae and arbuscules within the roots of Sorghum bicolor .</p><p>Specimens examined:— Rhizosphere soil of Uncaria rhynchophylla, Huaxi District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.65584&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.453335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.65584/lat 26.453335)">Guiyang City</a>, Guizhou Province (26°27′12”N, 106°39′21”E ; elevation 1097.5 m. Slides with spores permanently mounted with PVLG and PVLG + Melzer's reagent were deposited. Holotype deposited in Fungarium (HMAS), (HMAS 353838). Isotypes deposited in the Plant Physiology Laboratory of Guizhou University (DG _HX_ G01 – G05) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— Rhizosphere soil of Uncaria rhynchophylla . The soil is classified as yellow earth. The climate of this area belongs to a plateau monsoon humid climate, with an average annual temperature of 15.7 °C and an average annual rainfall of 1469.6 mm.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387DF47486E4CFF0ECE925A84FD60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Suo, Man-Yu;Long, Chun-Li;He, Rong-Jian;Chen, De-Yao;Jiang, Long	Suo, Man-Yu, Long, Chun-Li, He, Rong-Jian, Chen, De-Yao, Jiang, Long (2025): Funneliformis huaxica, a new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) from Guiyang, China. Phytotaxa 715 (1): 72-80, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.715.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.715.1.5
03E387DF47496E4CFF0ECCDC5DA9F927.text	03E387DF47496E4CFF0ECCDC5DA9F927.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Funneliformis	<div><p>Key to the species in Funneliformis worldwide</p><p>Based on the descriptions of 14 species of Funneliformis in the literature (Gerdemann &amp; Trappe 1974, Rose &amp; Trappe 1981, Skou &amp; Jakobsen 1989, Błaszkowski &amp; Tadych 1997, Oehl et al. 2002, Dalpé et al. 2002, Wang et al. 2012, Guillén et al. 2020) and the morphological descriptions of the new species in this study, a key to 15 species of Funneliformis is provided.</p><p>1. Spore walls with two layers...............................................................................................................................................................2.</p><p>- Spore walls with three or more layers ...............................................................................................................................................6.</p><p>2. Sw2 of the spore has distinct structural ornamentation.....................................................................................................................3.</p><p>- Sw2 of the spore has no distinct structural ornamentation................................................................................................................5.</p><p>3. Aged spores sometimes show a third layer of dark brown wall....................................................................................... F. halonatus</p><p>- Aged spores do not show a third layer of dark brown wall...............................................................................................................4.</p><p>4. Warts or spines evenly distributed, with a height of 0.8–1.7 μm ............................................................................... F. verruculosum</p><p>- Warts or spines sparsely distributed, with a height of 1.2–3.5 μm............................................................................... F. monosporus</p><p>5. Sporocarps wrapped by yellowish hyphae ...................................................................................................................... F. coronatum</p><p>- Sporocarps wrapped by hyaline hyphae ............................................................................................................................... F. pilosus</p><p>6. Spore walls with four or more layers ................................................................................................................................................7.</p><p>- Spore walls with three layers.............................................................................................................................................................9.</p><p>7. Spore walls with six layers ......................................................................................................................................... F. fragilistratum</p><p>- Spore walls with four to five layers...................................................................................................................................................8.</p><p>8. Spores pale yellow......................................................................................................................................................... F. caledonium</p><p>- Spores yellowish-brown to brown...................................................................................................................................... F. caesaris</p><p>9. Sw3 of the spore with distinct ornamentation .................................................................................................................................10.</p><p>- Sw3 of the spore with no distinct ornamentation ............................................................................................................................11.</p><p>10. Ornamentation composed of irregular warts ................................................................................................................ F. kerguelensis</p><p>- Ornamentation composed of evenly distributed pits...................................................................................................... F. multiforum</p><p>11. Spores dimorphic.......................................................................................................................................................... F. dimorphicus</p><p>- Spores monomorphic.......................................................................................................................................................................12.</p><p>12. Spores have sporocarps ...................................................................................................................................................................13.</p><p>- Spores have no sporocarps ..............................................................................................................................................................14.</p><p>13. Sporocarps dark reddish-brown to black-brown .................................................................................................................. F. badium</p><p>- Sporocarps yellowish-brown to light brown ...................................................................................................................... F. mosseae</p><p>14. Sw1 of the spore shows a light pink colour in Melzer's reagent .................................................................................... F. geosporum</p><p>- Sw1 of the spore has no reaction in Melzer's reagent ......................................................................................................... F. huaxica</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E387DF47496E4CFF0ECCDC5DA9F927	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Suo, Man-Yu;Long, Chun-Li;He, Rong-Jian;Chen, De-Yao;Jiang, Long	Suo, Man-Yu, Long, Chun-Li, He, Rong-Jian, Chen, De-Yao, Jiang, Long (2025): Funneliformis huaxica, a new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) from Guiyang, China. Phytotaxa 715 (1): 72-80, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.715.1.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.715.1.5
