taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E8D361FFAFFFE7E9EBFEFEFDA3D1E2.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Agardhiella Hesse, 1923, type species: Pupa truncatella Pfeiffer, 1841, by original designation. Included genera: Agardhiella Hesse, 1923 and Enneopupa Boettger, 1889 (fossil). Diagnosis: Shell dextral, cylindrical; peristome moderately thickened and expanded; protoconch finely granulated; teleoconch ribbed; aperture with angular, parietal, palatal, infraparietal, columellar, infracolumellar and basal folds and / or palatal, parietal and basal ridges; penial caecum (swelling on the penis) present; epiphallar caecum might be present; penial appendix rather short; stalk of bursa copulatrix short; diverticulum absent. The diagnosis of Agardhiellidae fam. nov. agrees with that of the genus Agardhiella (see Schileyko, 1998; Subai, 2008, 2011). Distribution: Southern and Eastern Europe (Balkan Peninsula, Alps, Southern and Eastern Carpathians, Transylvania). Remarks: The nomenclatural background of the genus Agardhiella Hesse, 1923 (previously Agardhia Gude, 1911) and Argna Cossmann, 1889 [previously Coryna Westerlund, 1887 and Rhytidochasma A. J. Wagner, 1914 (in Sturany & Wagner, 1915)] is complex and is not discussed here in detail. Agardhiella Hesse, 1923 has been treated as a subgenus of Argna, until Gittenberger (1974), based on anatomical data, elevated it to generic level. Consequently, although not mentioned by Hudec (1965), Agardhiella was placed into Argnidae together with the genus Argna. Agardhiella has so far been hypothesized to be closely related to the genus Argna because of the similar cylindrical shell. The present phylogeny, however, shows that the two genera (i. e. Argna and Agardhiella) are not closely related and form distinct branches within the Orthurethra. Therefore, we propose a new family for the genus Agardhiella. Agardhiellidae fam. nov. differs from Argnidae by the shorter apertural folds, the shorter stalk of the bursa copulatrix (without diverticulum) and shorter penial appendix. The fossil genus Enneopupa (Europe from Late Oligocene to Late Miocene) is placed withinAgardhiellidae because of the presence of two parietal lamellae, similar to some Agardhiella species. In contrast, members of Argnidae have a single parietal lamella.	en	Harl, Josef, Haring, Elisabeth, Asami, Takahiro, Sittenthaler, Marcia, Sattmann, Helmut, Páll-Gergely, Barna (2017): Molecular systematics of the land snail family Orculidae reveal polyphyly and deep splits within the clade Orthurethra (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 778-794
03E8D361FFAFFFE0EB52F9E0FC04D1E2.taxon	description	Orthurethra Pilsbry, 1900: 562. Remarks: Present molecular data are insufficient to subdivide the orthurethran clade into superfamilies. Furthermore, the current classification of orthurethran families into superfamilies (e. g. Schileyko, 1998) could not be confirmed by our data. Therefore, we refrain from classifying the families discussed herein into superfamilies.	en	Harl, Josef, Haring, Elisabeth, Asami, Takahiro, Sittenthaler, Marcia, Sattmann, Helmut, Páll-Gergely, Barna (2017): Molecular systematics of the land snail family Orculidae reveal polyphyly and deep splits within the clade Orthurethra (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 778-794
03E8D361FFA8FFE7EB66FE8EFD4FD591.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Argna Cossmann, 1889. I n c l u d e d g e n e r a: A r g n a C o s s m a n n, 1 8 8 9, Speleodentorcula Gittenberger, 1985. Diagnosis: Shell dextral, cylindrical to ovate cylindrical; protoconch smooth; teleoconch regularly ribbed; peristome thickened and reflexed; aperture with a usually strong palatal tooth, long parietal and columellar lamellae; palatal plicae deeply situated; there can be additional minor plicae; penial caecum absent; penial appendix well developed; bursa copulatrix with long stalk and a well-developed diverticulum. Distribution: Southern and Eastern Alps, Carpathians and the Iberian Peninsula. Remarks: The genus Speleodentorcula has been classified into Orculidae (Gittenberger, 1985), Lauriinae (Schileyko, 1998) and Argnidae (Hausdorf, 1996). Here, we follow Hausdorf (1996) and classify Speleodentorcula into Argnidae because of the arrangement of the apertural denticles and the long penial appendix and bursa copulatrix, which are similar to those of Argna.	en	Harl, Josef, Haring, Elisabeth, Asami, Takahiro, Sittenthaler, Marcia, Sattmann, Helmut, Páll-Gergely, Barna (2017): Molecular systematics of the land snail family Orculidae reveal polyphyly and deep splits within the clade Orthurethra (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 778-794
03E8D361FFA8FFE7EB53FB06FC37D336.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Fauxulus Schaufuss, 1869 in Paetel & Schaufuss, 1869; nom. nov. pro Faula (Adams & Adams, 1855 in Adams, 1853 – 1858), type species: Pupa capensis Küster, 1841 (subsequent designation by Martens, 1860). Included genera: Fauxulus Schaufuss, 1869 (with the subgenera Afriboysidi a Zilch, 1939, Anisoloma Ancey, 1901, Fauxulella Pilsbry, 1917 and Tomigerella Pfeiffer, 1878). Diagnosis: Shell sinistral or dextral, elongate-ovate, conic or fusiform; peristome strongly expanded and reflexed; protoconch smooth or spirally striated; teleoconch smooth to ribbed; parietal and angular lamellae strong, but short; columellar lamella present, sometimes also with additional lamellae / denticles; several additional, mostly tuberiform denticles and teeth present; penial appendix absent; penial caecum present or absent; diverticulum of bursa copulatrix absent. Distribution: South, southwest and southeast Africa, Madagascar. Remarks: Fauxulus and its subgenera were classified within the Odontocycladinae (family Orculidae) by Hausdorf (1996) and Schileyko (1998). Our molecular phylogeny indicates that these genera are not closely related to Orculidae. Instead, they form a more basal lineage within Orthurethra. Therefore, a new family, Fauxulidae fam. nov., is erected for the five former orculid genus-group taxa from Africa and Madagascar.	en	Harl, Josef, Haring, Elisabeth, Asami, Takahiro, Sittenthaler, Marcia, Sattmann, Helmut, Páll-Gergely, Barna (2017): Molecular systematics of the land snail family Orculidae reveal polyphyly and deep splits within the clade Orthurethra (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 778-794
03E8D361FFA8FFE7E91DFDAFFA7DD4B3.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Odontocyclas Schlüter, 1838. Included genera: Odontocyclas Schlüter, 1838, Walklea Gittenberger, 1978. Diagnosis: Shell dextral, conic or conical-ovate; protoconch nearly smooth; teleoconch with regular or irregular radial sculpture; aperture with numerous teeth: parietal, angular, columellar lamellae and additional basal and palatal denticles; penial appendix absent; penial caecum short or long; stalk of bursa copulatrix moderately or very long, with or without a diverticulum. Distribution: Eastern Alps and western Balkan area (Slovenia, Northern Italy, Southern Austria, Croatia). Remarks: Odontocycladinae had been assumed to represent the sister group of Orculinae by Hausdorf (1996). Our phylogeny shows that Odontocycladinae (excluding the African genera, which are transferred into the Fauxulidae fam. nov.) form a basal orthurethran lineage and should be treated as an independent family.	en	Harl, Josef, Haring, Elisabeth, Asami, Takahiro, Sittenthaler, Marcia, Sattmann, Helmut, Páll-Gergely, Barna (2017): Molecular systematics of the land snail family Orculidae reveal polyphyly and deep splits within the clade Orthurethra (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 778-794
03E8D361FFA8FFE6E9EDFA2AFDD4D474.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Orcula Held, 1837, type species Pupa dolium Draparnaud, 1801 (subsequent designation by Gray, 1847). Included genera: Alvariella Hausdorf, 1996; Orcula Held, 1837 (with the subgenera Illyriobanatica Páll-Gergely & Deli, 2013 and Hausdorfia Páll-Gergely & Irikov, 2013; described in Páll-Gergely et al., 2013); Orculella Steenberg, 1925; Pilorcula Germain, 1912; Schileykula Gittenberger, 1983; Sphyradium de Charpentier, 1837; and Nordsieckula Harl & Harzhauser, 2014 (fossil; described in Harzhauser et al., 2014). Diagnosis: Shell mostly dextral, cylindrical, conical or ovoid; protoconch with spiral striation; teleoconch from smooth to ribbed, often with periostracal filaments; lower end of parietal and columellar lamellae visible in the aperture at straight view [very rarely reduced, as in Orculella bulgarica bulgarica (Hesse, 1915); see Hausdorf, 1996]; columellar and parietal lamellae long; columellar lamellae 1 – 4 in number; palatal plicae present or absent; subangularis present in Nordsieckula and some Orculella species; penial caecum always present; penial appendix present or absent; diverticulum of bursa copulatrix present or absent. Distribution: Europe, Caucasus, Central Asia, Asia Minor to the Levantine coast, some coastal areas of Northern Africa (Hausdorf, 1996; Schileyko, 1998). Remarks: Our present concept of Orculidae as a monophyletic group agrees with that of the Orculinae sensu Schileyko (1998, 2012). Based on shell morphological characters, the genus Nordsieckula was established by Harl & Harzhauser (in Harzhauser et al., 2014) for two fossil species, Nordsieckula subconica (Sandberger, 1858) (Central Europe, Late Oligocene to Early Miocene) and Nordsieckula falkneri (Hausdorf, 1995) (Central Europe, Middle Miocene), both previously classified into the genus Orcula. The two species have typical orculid shells with a central parietal lamella and two columellar lamellae reaching the aperture margin. A subangularis is present in both fossil species and also in some of the recent Orculella species. Harl et al. (2014 b) propose the hypothesis that the younger species, N. falkneri, might represent the most recent common ancestor of Orcula, Orculella and Sphyradium [and Schileykula].	en	Harl, Josef, Haring, Elisabeth, Asami, Takahiro, Sittenthaler, Marcia, Sattmann, Helmut, Páll-Gergely, Barna (2017): Molecular systematics of the land snail family Orculidae reveal polyphyly and deep splits within the clade Orthurethra (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 778-794
03E8D361FFA9FFE6EA9BFA61FDB9D75C.taxon	materials_examined	Type genus: Pagodulina Clessin, 1876.	en	Harl, Josef, Haring, Elisabeth, Asami, Takahiro, Sittenthaler, Marcia, Sattmann, Helmut, Páll-Gergely, Barna (2017): Molecular systematics of the land snail family Orculidae reveal polyphyly and deep splits within the clade Orthurethra (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 778-794
