taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
03FEF726FFFB4E050FADFC8C6868912C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327698/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327698	FIGURE 1. Lepidopleurus aturriensis (Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2018), France, Oligocene (Chattian). A–B, E– F. Mineur (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 3.P, 3.Q, 4.A, 4.C): A–B. Holotype MHNBx 2017.7.1, intermediate valve, width 12 mm, dorsal (A) and frontal (B) views; E–F. Paratype MHNBx 2017.7.2, tail valve, width 9.4 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views. C–D, G–H. Abesse (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 3.U): C–D. AC, intermediate valve, width 12 mm, dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views; G–H. AC, tail valve, width 7 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views.	FIGURE 1. Lepidopleurus aturriensis (Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2018), France, Oligocene (Chattian). A–B, E– F. Mineur (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 3.P, 3.Q, 4.A, 4.C): A–B. Holotype MHNBx 2017.7.1, intermediate valve, width 12 mm, dorsal (A) and frontal (B) views; E–F. Paratype MHNBx 2017.7.2, tail valve, width 9.4 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views. C–D, G–H. Abesse (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 3.U): C–D. AC, intermediate valve, width 12 mm, dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views; G–H. AC, tail valve, width 7 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFFA4E070FADFBF06F049140.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327700/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327700	FIGURE 2. Lepidopleurus benoisti (de Rochebrune, 1882).A–D. France,Aquitaine Basin, Oligocene (Chattian),Abesse (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 2J, 2L, 2M, 2O): A–B. AC, head valve, width 15.5 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; C–D. AC, intermediate valve, width 18 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views. E–H. France, Aquitaine Basin, Miocene (Burdigalian): E–F. Peloua, JFL, tail valve, width 14.5 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 3B–C); G–H. Pont St Martin, PR, tail valve, width 7 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views.	FIGURE 2. Lepidopleurus benoisti (de Rochebrune, 1882).A–D. France,Aquitaine Basin, Oligocene (Chattian),Abesse (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 2J, 2L, 2M, 2O): A–B. AC, head valve, width 15.5 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; C–D. AC, intermediate valve, width 18 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views. E–H. France, Aquitaine Basin, Miocene (Burdigalian): E–F. Peloua, JFL, tail valve, width 14.5 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 3B–C); G–H. Pont St Martin, PR, tail valve, width 7 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFFA4E070FADFBF06F049140.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327710/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327710	FIGURE 5. Lepidopleurus pseudobenoisti Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la- Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 3A, 3C–D, 3J–K, 3M–N). A–B. Holotype MNHN.F.A67049, tail valve, width 15.7 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C–D. BD 131, head valve, width 12.7 mm, dorsal (C) and lateral (D) views. E–F. MNHN.F.A67053, intermediate valve, width 7.2 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F). G–H. BD 131, intermediate valve, width 19.5 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (F) views. I–J. MNHN.F.A67055, tail valve, width 8.2 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (J). K–L. BD 131, tail valve, width 19 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (F, J).	FIGURE 5. Lepidopleurus pseudobenoisti Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la- Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 3A, 3C–D, 3J–K, 3M–N). A–B. Holotype MNHN.F.A67049, tail valve, width 15.7 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C–D. BD 131, head valve, width 12.7 mm, dorsal (C) and lateral (D) views. E–F. MNHN.F.A67053, intermediate valve, width 7.2 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F). G–H. BD 131, intermediate valve, width 19.5 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (F) views. I–J. MNHN.F.A67055, tail valve, width 8.2 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (J). K–L. BD 131, tail valve, width 19 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (F, J).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFF84E0B0FADFB5C69CD9420.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327702/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327702	FIGURE 3. Lepidopleurus cajetanus (Poli, 1791). A–B. Borelli, N. Italy, Miocene (Tortonian), BD 270, head valve, width 8 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C–E. Borzoli (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MSNG, intermediate valve, width 5 mm, dorsal (C), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2021: figs 8–9). F–K. Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Middle Miocene: F–I. NHMW 1859/0038/0191 (as Lepidopleurus decoratus), intermediate valve, width 7.5 mm, dorsal (F) and frontal (I) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (G) and lateral (H) areas; J–K. NHMW 1859/0027/0061 (as Lepidopleurus decoratus), tail valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal view (J) and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (K). L. Kyllini (Greece), Middle-Upper Pleistocene, DGUP, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 1, fig. 2). M–N. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), BD 272, tail valve, width 6.8 mm, dorsal (M) and lateral (N) views. O–P. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), BD 129, tail valve, width 5.8 mm, dorsal (O) and lateral (P) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (G, H, K).	FIGURE 3. Lepidopleurus cajetanus (Poli, 1791). A–B. Borelli, N. Italy, Miocene (Tortonian), BD 270, head valve, width 8 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C–E. Borzoli (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MSNG, intermediate valve, width 5 mm, dorsal (C), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2021: figs 8–9). F–K. Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Middle Miocene: F–I. NHMW 1859/0038/0191 (as Lepidopleurus decoratus), intermediate valve, width 7.5 mm, dorsal (F) and frontal (I) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (G) and lateral (H) areas; J–K. NHMW 1859/0027/0061 (as Lepidopleurus decoratus), tail valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal view (J) and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (K). L. Kyllini (Greece), Middle-Upper Pleistocene, DGUP, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 1, fig. 2). M–N. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), BD 272, tail valve, width 6.8 mm, dorsal (M) and lateral (N) views. O–P. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), BD 129, tail valve, width 5.8 mm, dorsal (O) and lateral (P) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (G, H, K).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFF44E0B0FADFEFC6BBD920A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327704/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327704	FIGURE 4. Lepidopleurus gallicus Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018. A–D. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), Holotype MNHN.F.A67060, tail valve, width 14 mm, anterior (A), lateral (C) and posterior (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (B) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 4A, 4C–E).	FIGURE 4. Lepidopleurus gallicus Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018. A–D. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), Holotype MNHN.F.A67060, tail valve, width 14 mm, anterior (A), lateral (C) and posterior (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (B) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 4A, 4C–E).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFF34E0D0FADFF05697E9164.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327710/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327710	FIGURE 5. Lepidopleurus pseudobenoisti Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la- Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 3A, 3C–D, 3J–K, 3M–N). A–B. Holotype MNHN.F.A67049, tail valve, width 15.7 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C–D. BD 131, head valve, width 12.7 mm, dorsal (C) and lateral (D) views. E–F. MNHN.F.A67053, intermediate valve, width 7.2 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F). G–H. BD 131, intermediate valve, width 19.5 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (F) views. I–J. MNHN.F.A67055, tail valve, width 8.2 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (J). K–L. BD 131, tail valve, width 19 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (F, J).	FIGURE 5. Lepidopleurus pseudobenoisti Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la- Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 3A, 3C–D, 3J–K, 3M–N). A–B. Holotype MNHN.F.A67049, tail valve, width 15.7 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C–D. BD 131, head valve, width 12.7 mm, dorsal (C) and lateral (D) views. E–F. MNHN.F.A67053, intermediate valve, width 7.2 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F). G–H. BD 131, intermediate valve, width 19.5 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (F) views. I–J. MNHN.F.A67055, tail valve, width 8.2 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (J). K–L. BD 131, tail valve, width 19 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (F, J).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFF24E0F0FADFB386BAF9660.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327712/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327712	FIGURE 6. Lepidopleurus pseudocajetanus sp. nov. A–C. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place, France, Miocene (Tortonian), Paratype 1, MSNG 62624, intermediate valve, width 8 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views. D–E. Rio S. Antonino, N. Italy, Pliocene (Zanclean), Paratype 2, MNHN.F.A98468, intermediate valve, width 6.5 mm, dorsal (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Pezzo (S. Italy), Pleistocene, Holotype MSNG 62623, intermediate valve, width 9.5 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views. I–L. Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Middle Miocene, Paratype 4, NHMW 1861/0028/0079 (as Lepidopleurus decoratus), intermediate valve, width 9 mm, dorsal (I) and frontal (J) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (K) and lateral (L) areas. Scale bars: 100 μm (K, L).	FIGURE 6. Lepidopleurus pseudocajetanus sp. nov. A–C. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place, France, Miocene (Tortonian), Paratype 1, MSNG 62624, intermediate valve, width 8 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views. D–E. Rio S. Antonino, N. Italy, Pliocene (Zanclean), Paratype 2, MNHN.F.A98468, intermediate valve, width 6.5 mm, dorsal (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Pezzo (S. Italy), Pleistocene, Holotype MSNG 62623, intermediate valve, width 9.5 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views. I–L. Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Middle Miocene, Paratype 4, NHMW 1861/0028/0079 (as Lepidopleurus decoratus), intermediate valve, width 9 mm, dorsal (I) and frontal (J) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (K) and lateral (L) areas. Scale bars: 100 μm (K, L).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFF04E300FADFC3C6E9393E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327714/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327714	FIGURE 7. Lepidopleurus reitanoi sp. nov., Salice (Italy), Pleistocene. A–D. Paratype 4, MSNG 62627, head valve, width 6 mm, dorsal (A–B), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views. E–F. Holotype MSNG 62625, intermediate valve, width 8.6 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views. G–H. Paratype 1, MNHN.F.A98469, intermediate valve, width 9 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views. I–J. Paratype 2, SMF 380818, tail valve, width 6.6 mm, dorsal (I) and lateral (J) views. K–L. Paratype 3, MSNG 62626, tail valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views.	FIGURE 7. Lepidopleurus reitanoi sp. nov., Salice (Italy), Pleistocene. A–D. Paratype 4, MSNG 62627, head valve, width 6 mm, dorsal (A–B), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views. E–F. Holotype MSNG 62625, intermediate valve, width 8.6 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views. G–H. Paratype 1, MNHN.F.A98469, intermediate valve, width 9 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views. I–J. Paratype 2, SMF 380818, tail valve, width 6.6 mm, dorsal (I) and lateral (J) views. K–L. Paratype 3, MSNG 62626, tail valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFCF4E3C0FADF8B46E4297CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327719/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327719	FIGURE 8. Lepidopleurus virgifer (Sandberger, 1859), Oligocene (Rupelian). A, E–H, K–L. Steigerberg (Eckelsheim, Germany), BD 334: A. Head valve, width 6 mm, dorsal view; E–G. Intermediate valve, width 9.7 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and frontal (G) views; H. Intermediate valve, width 6 mm, dorsal view; K–L. Tail valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views. B–D, I–J. Gienberg (Germany): B–D. Syntype NHMW 1863/0017/0062a, intermediate valve, width 7.5 mm, dorsal view (B) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (C) and lateral (D) areas (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2019: figs 2A–C); I–J. BD 333, intermediate valve, width 6.2 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation (J). Scale bars: 200 μm (C, D).	FIGURE 8. Lepidopleurus virgifer (Sandberger, 1859), Oligocene (Rupelian). A, E–H, K–L. Steigerberg (Eckelsheim, Germany), BD 334: A. Head valve, width 6 mm, dorsal view; E–G. Intermediate valve, width 9.7 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and frontal (G) views; H. Intermediate valve, width 6 mm, dorsal view; K–L. Tail valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views. B–D, I–J. Gienberg (Germany): B–D. Syntype NHMW 1863/0017/0062a, intermediate valve, width 7.5 mm, dorsal view (B) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (C) and lateral (D) areas (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2019: figs 2A–C); I–J. BD 333, intermediate valve, width 6.2 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation (J). Scale bars: 200 μm (C, D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFC34E3D0FADFC646F0B9174.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327721/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327721	FIGURE 9. Leptochiton abacinus (Dell’Angelo & Palazzi, 1989), Pezzo (S. Italy), Upper Pleistocene. A–E. Holotype MZB 7074, intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (A–B) and frontal (E) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (C) and of longitudinal irregular ribs in hind zone of central area (D), (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Palazzi 1989: pl. 26, fig. 1). F–H. BD 335, intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (F), frontal (G) and ventral (H) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (C); 50 µm (D).	FIGURE 9. Leptochiton abacinus (Dell’Angelo & Palazzi, 1989), Pezzo (S. Italy), Upper Pleistocene. A–E. Holotype MZB 7074, intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (A–B) and frontal (E) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (C) and of longitudinal irregular ribs in hind zone of central area (D), (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Palazzi 1989: pl. 26, fig. 1). F–H. BD 335, intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (F), frontal (G) and ventral (H) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (C); 50 µm (D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFC24E3F0FADFB096A949458.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327725/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327725	FIGURE 10. Leptochiton algesirensis (Capellini, 1859). A–E. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (Anjou, France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 5A, 5C–F): A–B. MNHN.F.A67062, head valve, width 5 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); C–E. MNHN.F.A67063, intermediate valve, width 5 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (E) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (D). F–H. Colle Val d’Elsa (Tuscany, Italy), Pliocene, BD 337, tail valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (B, D).	FIGURE 10. Leptochiton algesirensis (Capellini, 1859). A–E. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (Anjou, France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 5A, 5C–F): A–B. MNHN.F.A67062, head valve, width 5 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); C–E. MNHN.F.A67063, intermediate valve, width 5 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (E) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (D). F–H. Colle Val d’Elsa (Tuscany, Italy), Pliocene, BD 337, tail valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (B, D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFC04E200FADFE246B699660.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327727/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327727	FIGURE 11. Leptochiton antondohrni Taviani, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2023, offshore Bari (SE06), Pleistocene (last glacial). A–D. SE06-50, Holotype MZUB 60418, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (A) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (B) and lateral (C) areas (valve figured by Taviani et al. 2023: figs 3A–C, 3E). E–H. SE06- 40, intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F–G). I–L. SE06-50, Paratype MZUB 60420, tail valve, width 3.1 mm, dorsal (I) and frontal (L) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (J) and postmucronal (K) areas (valve figured by Taviani et al. 2023: figs 3K-M, 3O). Scale bars: 100 μm (F); 50 μm (G); 40 μm (C); 20 μm (B, J, K).	FIGURE 11. Leptochiton antondohrni Taviani, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2023, offshore Bari (SE06), Pleistocene (last glacial). A–D. SE06-50, Holotype MZUB 60418, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (A) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (B) and lateral (C) areas (valve figured by Taviani et al. 2023: figs 3A–C, 3E). E–H. SE06- 40, intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F–G). I–L. SE06-50, Paratype MZUB 60420, tail valve, width 3.1 mm, dorsal (I) and frontal (L) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (J) and postmucronal (K) areas (valve figured by Taviani et al. 2023: figs 3K-M, 3O). Scale bars: 100 μm (F); 50 μm (G); 40 μm (C); 20 μm (B, J, K).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFDF4E220FADFC3C69AB9458.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327731/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327731	FIGURE 12. Leptochiton bedullii Dell’Angelo & Palazzi, 1986. A–D. Laghi Alimini (Lecce, Italy), Recent, Holotype, MSNP (valves figured by Dell’Angelo & Palazzi 1986: figs 18, 23, 24, 31): A. Head valve, dorsal view; B–D. Intermediate valve, dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (D). E–H. Genova Sestri (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45703, intermediate valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (F) and lateral (G-H) areas (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 2, figs H–I, K–L). I–J. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 349, intermediate valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal (I) and frontal (J) views. K–L. Favignana Island, cruise CS96-88, Recent, MZB, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 1998: pl. 1, fig. 5). Scale bars: 100 µm (F, G), 10 µm (H).	FIGURE 12. Leptochiton bedullii Dell’Angelo & Palazzi, 1986. A–D. Laghi Alimini (Lecce, Italy), Recent, Holotype, MSNP (valves figured by Dell’Angelo & Palazzi 1986: figs 18, 23, 24, 31): A. Head valve, dorsal view; B–D. Intermediate valve, dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (D). E–H. Genova Sestri (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45703, intermediate valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (F) and lateral (G-H) areas (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 2, figs H–I, K–L). I–J. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 349, intermediate valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal (I) and frontal (J) views. K–L. Favignana Island, cruise CS96-88, Recent, MZB, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 1998: pl. 1, fig. 5). Scale bars: 100 µm (F, G), 10 µm (H).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFDD4E240FADFE246BD99380.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327735/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327735	FIGURE 13. Leptochiton cancellatus (Sowerby, 1840). A–D. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 364: A–B. Head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; C–D. Intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views. E–G. Vale de Freixo (Portugal), Lower to Upper Pliocene, GeoFCUL VFX.03.349, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2022: figs 3.4–3.6). H. Salice (Italy), lower Pleistocene, BD 374, tail valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal view. I–K. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32011, tail valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (J) and postmucronal (K) areas (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, figs 4–5). L. Rio S. Antonino (Liguria, Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45700, tail valve, width 1.7 mm, lateral view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 1, fig. S). M–P, Q–T. Ukraine, middle Miocene (Badenian): M–N. Varovtsi, BD 351, head valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view (M) and close-up of surface ornamentation (N); O–P. Varovtsi, BD 351, intermediate valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal view (O) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (P); Q–T. Horodok, BD 352, tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (Q), ventral (S) and lateral (T) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (R). Scale bars: 200 µm (J, K); 100 µm (F, N, P, R).	FIGURE 13. Leptochiton cancellatus (Sowerby, 1840). A–D. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 364: A–B. Head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; C–D. Intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views. E–G. Vale de Freixo (Portugal), Lower to Upper Pliocene, GeoFCUL VFX.03.349, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2022: figs 3.4–3.6). H. Salice (Italy), lower Pleistocene, BD 374, tail valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal view. I–K. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32011, tail valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (J) and postmucronal (K) areas (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, figs 4–5). L. Rio S. Antonino (Liguria, Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45700, tail valve, width 1.7 mm, lateral view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 1, fig. S). M–P, Q–T. Ukraine, middle Miocene (Badenian): M–N. Varovtsi, BD 351, head valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view (M) and close-up of surface ornamentation (N); O–P. Varovtsi, BD 351, intermediate valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal view (O) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (P); Q–T. Horodok, BD 352, tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (Q), ventral (S) and lateral (T) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (R). Scale bars: 200 µm (J, K); 100 µm (F, N, P, R).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFDB4E250FADF89C6EF49291.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327739/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327739	FIGURE 14. Leptochiton corticellii sp. nov., Archi (S. Italy), lower Pleistocene. A–C. Holotype MSNG 62628, tail valve, width 1.3 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal (B) area. D–H. Paratype MSNG 62629, tail valve, width 1 mm, dorsal (D) and lateral (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (E) and postmucronal (F–G) areas. Scale bars: 50 µm (E); 20 µm (B, F, G).	FIGURE 14. Leptochiton corticellii sp. nov., Archi (S. Italy), lower Pleistocene. A–C. Holotype MSNG 62628, tail valve, width 1.3 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal (B) area. D–H. Paratype MSNG 62629, tail valve, width 1 mm, dorsal (D) and lateral (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (E) and postmucronal (F–G) areas. Scale bars: 50 µm (E); 20 µm (B, F, G).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFD94E270FADFF05680094C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327741/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327741	FIGURE 15. Leptochiton freiwaldi Dell’Angelo, Sosso & Taviani, 2024, Capraia Island-Capo Corso -350/500 m, Pleistocene (presumably last glacial) (valves figured by Dell’Angeloet al. 2024:figs 2A, 2C–G).A–D. Holotype,MZUB 60348, intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (A) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (B–C). E–F. Paratype 1, MZUB 60349, head valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation (F). G–H. Paratype 4, MNHN-IM-2022-2409, tail valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (B); 40 µm (F); 20 µm (C).	FIGURE 15. Leptochiton freiwaldi Dell’Angelo, Sosso & Taviani, 2024, Capraia Island-Capo Corso -350/500 m, Pleistocene (presumably last glacial) (valves figured by Dell’Angeloet al. 2024:figs 2A, 2C–G).A–D. Holotype,MZUB 60348, intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (A) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (B–C). E–F. Paratype 1, MZUB 60349, head valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation (F). G–H. Paratype 4, MNHN-IM-2022-2409, tail valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (B); 40 µm (F); 20 µm (C).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFD84E280FADFDD468CE916C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327749/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327749	FIGURE 16. Leptochiton geronensis Kaas & Van Belle, 1985. A–B. Riparbella (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 376, tail valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Forli 1995: fig. 16). C–H. off Bagur (Gerona, Spain), Recent, paratype VB 2907a: C–D. Intermediate valve, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views (valve figured by Kaas & Van Belle 1985a: figs 28.3, 28.6); E–F. Intermediate valve, dorsal (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Smriglio 1999: pl. 18, figs C, E); G–H. Tail valve, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Smriglio 1999: pl. 18, figs G, H). Scale bar: 50 µm (F).	FIGURE 16. Leptochiton geronensis Kaas & Van Belle, 1985. A–B. Riparbella (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 376, tail valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Forli 1995: fig. 16). C–H. off Bagur (Gerona, Spain), Recent, paratype VB 2907a: C–D. Intermediate valve, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views (valve figured by Kaas & Van Belle 1985a: figs 28.3, 28.6); E–F. Intermediate valve, dorsal (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Smriglio 1999: pl. 18, figs C, E); G–H. Tail valve, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Smriglio 1999: pl. 18, figs G, H). Scale bar: 50 µm (F).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFD74E290FADFB3369F19321.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327753/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327753	FIGURE 17. Leptochiton josei Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013. A–F. Liguria (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean): A–C. Genova Sestri, Holotype MZB 49985, intermediate valve, width 2.08 mm, dorsal (A) and frontal (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (B) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 2, figs M–O); D. Rio S. Antonino, paratype MP, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view; E–G. Bussana, paratype BD 377, width 1.9 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (F). H. Bussana, paratype MZB 49984, tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 2, fig. P). Scale bars: 50 µm (B, F).	FIGURE 17. Leptochiton josei Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013. A–F. Liguria (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean): A–C. Genova Sestri, Holotype MZB 49985, intermediate valve, width 2.08 mm, dorsal (A) and frontal (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (B) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 2, figs M–O); D. Rio S. Antonino, paratype MP, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view; E–G. Bussana, paratype BD 377, width 1.9 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (F). H. Bussana, paratype MZB 49984, tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 2, fig. P). Scale bars: 50 µm (B, F).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFD64E2B0FADF9FC6BEF94EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327755/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327755	FIGURE 18. Leptochiton lignatilis Dell’Angelo, Bertolaso & Sosso in Bertolaso, Garilli, Parrinello, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2015, Torrente Cinghio (N. Italy), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Bertolaso et al. 2015: figs 2.1–4, 2.6, 3.1–2, 3.5). A–D. Holotype MGPT-PU 108787, intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (D) views, and closeup of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (C). E. Paratype MGPT-PU 108788, head valve, width 2.2 mm, dorsal view. F–G. Paratype MZB 32033, intermediate valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (F) and frontal (G) views. H. Paratype MZPD MAL- 2076, intermediate valve, close-up of surface ornamentation of central area. Scale bars: 200 µm (C); 100 µm (H).	FIGURE 18. Leptochiton lignatilis Dell’Angelo, Bertolaso & Sosso in Bertolaso, Garilli, Parrinello, Sosso & Dell’Angelo, 2015, Torrente Cinghio (N. Italy), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Bertolaso et al. 2015: figs 2.1–4, 2.6, 3.1–2, 3.5). A–D. Holotype MGPT-PU 108787, intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (D) views, and closeup of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (C). E. Paratype MGPT-PU 108788, head valve, width 2.2 mm, dorsal view. F–G. Paratype MZB 32033, intermediate valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (F) and frontal (G) views. H. Paratype MZPD MAL- 2076, intermediate valve, close-up of surface ornamentation of central area. Scale bars: 200 µm (C); 100 µm (H).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFD44E2C0FADFDB06E4393E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327759/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327759	FIGURE 19. Leptochiton prudenzae sp. nov. A–B, E–H, K–L. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene: A–B. Paratype 1, MSNG 62631, head valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; E–H. Holotype MSNG 62630, intermediate valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (G–H); K–L. Paratype 2, MSNG 62632, tail valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views. C–D. Kyllini (Greece), Pleistocene, BD 388, intermediate valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (D) (valve figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 1, figs 9–10). I–J. Selinunte, Casa Parrino (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 387, intermediate valve, width 1,8 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of lateral area (J). Scale bars: 100 µm (G, H, J), 50 µm (D).	FIGURE 19. Leptochiton prudenzae sp. nov. A–B, E–H, K–L. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene: A–B. Paratype 1, MSNG 62631, head valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; E–H. Holotype MSNG 62630, intermediate valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (G–H); K–L. Paratype 2, MSNG 62632, tail valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views. C–D. Kyllini (Greece), Pleistocene, BD 388, intermediate valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (D) (valve figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 1, figs 9–10). I–J. Selinunte, Casa Parrino (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 387, intermediate valve, width 1,8 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of lateral area (J). Scale bars: 100 µm (G, H, J), 50 µm (D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFD34E2D0FADF8BF6F3D9268.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327762/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327762	FIGURE 20. Leptochiton salicensis (Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). Salice (Italy), Lower Pleistocene (valves figured by Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto 2005: figs 1–6, 8). A. Paratype MZB 31029, head valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal view. B–F. Holotype MZB 31028, intermediate valve, width 4.9 mm, dorsal (B), ventral (E) and frontal (F) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (C–D). G–H. Paratype MZB 31029, tail valve, width 3.9 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (C, D).	FIGURE 20. Leptochiton salicensis (Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). Salice (Italy), Lower Pleistocene (valves figured by Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto 2005: figs 1–6, 8). A. Paratype MZB 31029, head valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal view. B–F. Holotype MZB 31028, intermediate valve, width 4.9 mm, dorsal (B), ventral (E) and frontal (F) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (C–D). G–H. Paratype MZB 31029, tail valve, width 3.9 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (C, D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFD14E2F0FADFF056A9495C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327764/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327764	FIGURE 21. Leptochiton sarsi Kaas, 1981. A–H. S. Italy, Pleistocene: A. Venetico Marina, BD 393, head valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view; B–D. Archi, BD 390, intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (B) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (C); E–F. Salice, BD 395, intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central and lateral areas (F); G–H. S. Procopio, BD 392, tail valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. I–L. Tuscan Archipelago, S. Lucia Bank, Recent, BD 396, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (I) and lateral (L) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (J) and postmucronal (K) areas, (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2009: figs 2f, 2h–i). Scale bars: 100 µm (J, K); 50 µm (C).	FIGURE 21. Leptochiton sarsi Kaas, 1981. A–H. S. Italy, Pleistocene: A. Venetico Marina, BD 393, head valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view; B–D. Archi, BD 390, intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (B) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (C); E–F. Salice, BD 395, intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central and lateral areas (F); G–H. S. Procopio, BD 392, tail valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. I–L. Tuscan Archipelago, S. Lucia Bank, Recent, BD 396, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (I) and lateral (L) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (J) and postmucronal (K) areas, (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2009: figs 2f, 2h–i). Scale bars: 100 µm (J, K); 50 µm (C).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFD04E510FADFAC76EDA9108.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327766/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327766	FIGURE 22. Leptochiton scabridus (Jeffreys, 1880). A–C. Kyllini (Greece), Middle-Upper Pleistocene, DGUP (valves figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 2, figs 1, 3–4): A. Head valve, width 1.2 mm, dorsal view; B–C. Intermediate valve, width 1.3 mm, dorsal view (B) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (C). D. Genova Sestri (N. Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45702, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 2, fig. E). E–F. Pecoraro (S. Italy), Pleistocene, BD 398, intermediate valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F). G–L. Vale de Freixo (Portugal), Lower to Upper Pliocene: G–H. Intermediate valve, width 3.7 mm (lost while taking photos), dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views; I–L. MNHN.F.A81982, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (I), close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal (J) and antemucronal (K) areas, and lateral view (L). Scale bars: 100 µm (C); 50 µm (F); 20 µm (J, K).	FIGURE 22. Leptochiton scabridus (Jeffreys, 1880). A–C. Kyllini (Greece), Middle-Upper Pleistocene, DGUP (valves figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 2, figs 1, 3–4): A. Head valve, width 1.2 mm, dorsal view; B–C. Intermediate valve, width 1.3 mm, dorsal view (B) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (C). D. Genova Sestri (N. Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45702, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 2, fig. E). E–F. Pecoraro (S. Italy), Pleistocene, BD 398, intermediate valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F). G–L. Vale de Freixo (Portugal), Lower to Upper Pliocene: G–H. Intermediate valve, width 3.7 mm (lost while taking photos), dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views; I–L. MNHN.F.A81982, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (I), close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal (J) and antemucronal (K) areas, and lateral view (L). Scale bars: 100 µm (C); 50 µm (F); 20 µm (J, K).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFAE4E520FADFB146BA1901E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327768/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327768	FIGURE 23. Leptochiton serenae Dell’Angelo, Piccioli Resta & Bonfitto, 2007, Lower Pleistocene. A–G. Isola del Campo (S. Italy) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2007: figs 2a–b, 2d–e, 2g–h, 2j): A–D. Holotype MZB 23749, tail valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (C) and postmucronal (D) areas; E–G. Paratype BD 4735, intermediate valve, width 4.4 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (G). H. Cutrofiano, paratype MZB 23750, width 4.7 mm, dorsal view. Scale bars: 50 µm (C, D, G).	FIGURE 23. Leptochiton serenae Dell’Angelo, Piccioli Resta & Bonfitto, 2007, Lower Pleistocene. A–G. Isola del Campo (S. Italy) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2007: figs 2a–b, 2d–e, 2g–h, 2j): A–D. Holotype MZB 23749, tail valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (C) and postmucronal (D) areas; E–G. Paratype BD 4735, intermediate valve, width 4.4 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (G). H. Cutrofiano, paratype MZB 23750, width 4.7 mm, dorsal view. Scale bars: 50 µm (C, D, G).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFAD4E530FADFAE66B62935E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327772/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327772	FIGURE 24. Leptochiton tavianii Dell’Angelo, Landau & Marquet, 2004, Estepona, Velerin Carretera (Spain), Pliocene (early Piacenzian). A–C. Holotype MZB 25049, intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation of lateral areas (B–C) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 1, figs 1, 6, 7). D–H, J–L. BD 400: D–E. Head valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal (D) and lateral (E) views; F–H. Intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views; J–L. Tail valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. I. Paratype BD 4566, intermediate valve, width 3,3 mm, frontal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 2, fig. 1). Scale bars: 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C).	FIGURE 24. Leptochiton tavianii Dell’Angelo, Landau & Marquet, 2004, Estepona, Velerin Carretera (Spain), Pliocene (early Piacenzian). A–C. Holotype MZB 25049, intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation of lateral areas (B–C) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 1, figs 1, 6, 7). D–H, J–L. BD 400: D–E. Head valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal (D) and lateral (E) views; F–H. Intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views; J–L. Tail valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. I. Paratype BD 4566, intermediate valve, width 3,3 mm, frontal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 2, fig. 1). Scale bars: 50 µm (B); 10 µm (C).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFAB4E550FADFF056F0C9352.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327777/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327777	FIGURE 25. Leptochiton asellus (Gmelin, 1791). A–F. Capraia Island-Capo Corso -350/500 m, Pleistocene (presumably last glacial), BD 402: A–B. Head valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); C–D. Intermediate valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views; E–F. Intermediate valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation (F). G–J. Kallo (Belgium), Pliocene, BD 401, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (I, J). K–L. Cruise SE06, off Bari (Italy), Pleistocene (presumably last glacial), SE06-50, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (F, I), 50 µm (B); 30 µm (J).	FIGURE 25. Leptochiton asellus (Gmelin, 1791). A–F. Capraia Island-Capo Corso -350/500 m, Pleistocene (presumably last glacial), BD 402: A–B. Head valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); C–D. Intermediate valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views; E–F. Intermediate valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation (F). G–J. Kallo (Belgium), Pliocene, BD 401, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (I, J). K–L. Cruise SE06, off Bari (Italy), Pleistocene (presumably last glacial), SE06-50, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (F, I), 50 µm (B); 30 µm (J).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFAA4E570FADF953685E975C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327781/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327781	FIGURE 26. Leptochiton lateropustulosus Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la- Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 8A–D, F, H, J, L). A. Paratype 1, MNHN. F.A67072, head valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view. B–D. Holotype MNHN.F.A67071, intermediate valve, width 6.3 mm, dorsal view (B) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (C) and lateral (D) areas. E–F. Paratype 7, RGM.1008365, intermediate valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views. G–H. Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A67074, tail valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (C–D).	FIGURE 26. Leptochiton lateropustulosus Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la- Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 8A–D, F, H, J, L). A. Paratype 1, MNHN. F.A67072, head valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view. B–D. Holotype MNHN.F.A67071, intermediate valve, width 6.3 mm, dorsal view (B) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (C) and lateral (D) areas. E–F. Paratype 7, RGM.1008365, intermediate valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views. G–H. Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A67074, tail valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (C–D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFA84E580FADFD2068EA9420.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327783/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327783	FIGURE 27. Leptochiton parvus Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018. A–D. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), Holotype MNHN.F.A67069, intermediate valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (A–B) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (C) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 7A, 7C–D, 7F). Scale bar: 50 µm (C).	FIGURE 27. Leptochiton parvus Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018. A–D. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), Holotype MNHN.F.A67069, intermediate valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (A–B) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (C) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 7A, 7C–D, 7F). Scale bar: 50 µm (C).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFA74E590FADFEFC6ED89490.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327787/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327787	FIGURE 28. Leptochiton reneauleauensis Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Renauleau (France), Miocene (Tortonian). A–E. Holotype MNHN.F.A67076, tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B), lateral (C) and posterior (E) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (D). F–H. Paratype MNHN.F.A67077, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (F) and ventral (G) views and close-up of surface ornamentation of lateral area (H) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 9A–H). Scale bars: 100 µm (D); 50 µm (H).	FIGURE 28. Leptochiton reneauleauensis Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Renauleau (France), Miocene (Tortonian). A–E. Holotype MNHN.F.A67076, tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B), lateral (C) and posterior (E) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (D). F–H. Paratype MNHN.F.A67077, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (F) and ventral (G) views and close-up of surface ornamentation of lateral area (H) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 9A–H). Scale bars: 100 µm (D); 50 µm (H).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFA64E5A0FADFC8C6F1B931E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327789/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327789	FIGURE 29. Leptochiton boettgeri (Šulc 1934). A–F. Kostej (Romania), Middle Miocene (type material): A. Holotype, SMF 1413a, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal view; B–C. Paratype, SMF 1413b, head valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views; D. Paratype, SMF 1413c_2, intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view; E–F. Paratype, SMF 1413c_1, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views. G–H. Leptochiton srameki (Šulc 1934), Middle Miocene: G. Korytnica (Poland), intermediate valve, dorsal view (valve figured by Bałuk 1971: pl. 2, fig. 5); H. Rudoltice (Czech Republic), Holotype, tail valve, width 2.25 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Šulc 1934: pl. 1, fig. 3).	FIGURE 29. Leptochiton boettgeri (Šulc 1934). A–F. Kostej (Romania), Middle Miocene (type material): A. Holotype, SMF 1413a, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal view; B–C. Paratype, SMF 1413b, head valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views; D. Paratype, SMF 1413c_2, intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view; E–F. Paratype, SMF 1413c_1, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views. G–H. Leptochiton srameki (Šulc 1934), Middle Miocene: G. Korytnica (Poland), intermediate valve, dorsal view (valve figured by Bałuk 1971: pl. 2, fig. 5); H. Rudoltice (Czech Republic), Holotype, tail valve, width 2.25 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Šulc 1934: pl. 1, fig. 3).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFA54E5C0FADF9F568A79490.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327793/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327793	FIGURE 30. Leptochiton rumani sp. nov., Slovakia, middle Miocene (Badenian). A–D. Rohožnik: A–B. Paratype 1, MSNG 62634, head valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); C–D. Intermediate valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (D) (lost while taking photos). E–G. Devínska Nová Ves, Holotype MSNG 62633, intermediate valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F). H. Rohožnik, Paratype 2, SNM Z38496/a, tail valve, width 1.1 mm, dorsal view [valves figured by Ruman & Hudáčková 2015: fig. 3.(2a)]. Scale bars: 50 µm (B, D, F).	FIGURE 30. Leptochiton rumani sp. nov., Slovakia, middle Miocene (Badenian). A–D. Rohožnik: A–B. Paratype 1, MSNG 62634, head valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); C–D. Intermediate valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (D) (lost while taking photos). E–G. Devínska Nová Ves, Holotype MSNG 62633, intermediate valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F). H. Rohožnik, Paratype 2, SNM Z38496/a, tail valve, width 1.1 mm, dorsal view [valves figured by Ruman & Hudáčková 2015: fig. 3.(2a)]. Scale bars: 50 µm (B, D, F).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFA34E5D0FADFE6C694590D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327795/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327795	FIGURE 31. Leptochiton sulci (Bałuk, 1971). A–C. Korytnica (Poland), middle Miocene (valves figured by Bałuk 1984: pl. 2, figs 1–3): A. Head valve, dorsal view; B. Intermediate valve, dorsal view; C. Tail valve, dorsal view. D–H. Rohožník (Slovakia), middle Miocene [valves figured by Ruman & Hudáčková 2015: figs 2.(3), 2.(4a–b), 2.(5a–b)]: D. SNM Z38498/a, intermediate valve, dorsal view; E–F. SNM Z38499/a, tail valve, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (F); G–H. SNM Z38499/b, tail valve, dorsal view (G) and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (H). Scale bars: 50 µm (F, H).	FIGURE 31. Leptochiton sulci (Bałuk, 1971). A–C. Korytnica (Poland), middle Miocene (valves figured by Bałuk 1984: pl. 2, figs 1–3): A. Head valve, dorsal view; B. Intermediate valve, dorsal view; C. Tail valve, dorsal view. D–H. Rohožník (Slovakia), middle Miocene [valves figured by Ruman & Hudáčková 2015: figs 2.(3), 2.(4a–b), 2.(5a–b)]: D. SNM Z38498/a, intermediate valve, dorsal view; E–F. SNM Z38499/a, tail valve, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (F); G–H. SNM Z38499/b, tail valve, dorsal view (G) and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (H). Scale bars: 50 µm (F, H).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFA34E5D0FADFE6C694590D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327735/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327735	FIGURE 13. Leptochiton cancellatus (Sowerby, 1840). A–D. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 364: A–B. Head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; C–D. Intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views. E–G. Vale de Freixo (Portugal), Lower to Upper Pliocene, GeoFCUL VFX.03.349, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2022: figs 3.4–3.6). H. Salice (Italy), lower Pleistocene, BD 374, tail valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal view. I–K. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32011, tail valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (J) and postmucronal (K) areas (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, figs 4–5). L. Rio S. Antonino (Liguria, Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45700, tail valve, width 1.7 mm, lateral view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 1, fig. S). M–P, Q–T. Ukraine, middle Miocene (Badenian): M–N. Varovtsi, BD 351, head valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view (M) and close-up of surface ornamentation (N); O–P. Varovtsi, BD 351, intermediate valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal view (O) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (P); Q–T. Horodok, BD 352, tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (Q), ventral (S) and lateral (T) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (R). Scale bars: 200 µm (J, K); 100 µm (F, N, P, R).	FIGURE 13. Leptochiton cancellatus (Sowerby, 1840). A–D. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 364: A–B. Head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; C–D. Intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views. E–G. Vale de Freixo (Portugal), Lower to Upper Pliocene, GeoFCUL VFX.03.349, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2022: figs 3.4–3.6). H. Salice (Italy), lower Pleistocene, BD 374, tail valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal view. I–K. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32011, tail valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (J) and postmucronal (K) areas (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, figs 4–5). L. Rio S. Antonino (Liguria, Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45700, tail valve, width 1.7 mm, lateral view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 1, fig. S). M–P, Q–T. Ukraine, middle Miocene (Badenian): M–N. Varovtsi, BD 351, head valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view (M) and close-up of surface ornamentation (N); O–P. Varovtsi, BD 351, intermediate valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal view (O) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (P); Q–T. Horodok, BD 352, tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (Q), ventral (S) and lateral (T) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (R). Scale bars: 200 µm (J, K); 100 µm (F, N, P, R).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFA24E5F0FADF8B66E779490.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327797/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327797	FIGURE 32. Leptochiton chatticus Janssen, 1978. A–D. Höllkopf (Germany), Oligocene (Chattian): A. Holotype SMF 250021, tail valve, width 4.4 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Janssen 1978: pl. 15, fig. 18); B. Paratype SMF 250022, tail valve, dorsal view (valve figured by Janssen 1978: pl. 15, fig. 19); C–D. Paratype SMF 250023/1E, tail valve, drawings dorsal (C) and anterior (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Palazzi 1989: pl. 25, figs 14–15). E–H. Leptochiton jansseni Gürs, 1995, Steigerberg (Germany), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Gürs 1995: pl. 2, figs 1, 2A–B, 3): E. Paratype, head valve, dorsal view; F–G. Paratype, intermediate valve, dorsal (F) and frontal (G) views; H. Holotype, tail valve, dorsal view.	FIGURE 32. Leptochiton chatticus Janssen, 1978. A–D. Höllkopf (Germany), Oligocene (Chattian): A. Holotype SMF 250021, tail valve, width 4.4 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Janssen 1978: pl. 15, fig. 18); B. Paratype SMF 250022, tail valve, dorsal view (valve figured by Janssen 1978: pl. 15, fig. 19); C–D. Paratype SMF 250023/1E, tail valve, drawings dorsal (C) and anterior (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Palazzi 1989: pl. 25, figs 14–15). E–H. Leptochiton jansseni Gürs, 1995, Steigerberg (Germany), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Gürs 1995: pl. 2, figs 1, 2A–B, 3): E. Paratype, head valve, dorsal view; F–G. Paratype, intermediate valve, dorsal (F) and frontal (G) views; H. Holotype, tail valve, dorsal view.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFA04E400FADFE6C6E769628.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327801/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327801	FIGURE 33. Leptochiton eckelsheimensis Gürs, 1992. A–C, E-H. Steigerberg (Germany), Oligocene (Rupelian): A–C. Valves figured by Gürs 1992: figs 1c–e: A. Paratype SMF, intermediate valve, dorsal view; B. Holotype Gürs coll., tail valve, dorsal view; C. Paratype SMF, tail valve, dorsal view; E–H. Paratypes SMF: E. SMF label; F. Head valve, width 5.1 mm, dorsal view; G. Intermediate valve, width 6.3 mm, dorsal view: H. Intermediate valve, frontal view (valve figured by Gürs 1995: pl. 2, fig. 8B). D. Lepidopleurus paeninsulae Gürs 1992, Glimmerode (Germany), Oligocene (Chattian), Holotype, dorsal view (valve figured by Gürs 1992: fig. 2c).	FIGURE 33. Leptochiton eckelsheimensis Gürs, 1992. A–C, E-H. Steigerberg (Germany), Oligocene (Rupelian): A–C. Valves figured by Gürs 1992: figs 1c–e: A. Paratype SMF, intermediate valve, dorsal view; B. Holotype Gürs coll., tail valve, dorsal view; C. Paratype SMF, tail valve, dorsal view; E–H. Paratypes SMF: E. SMF label; F. Head valve, width 5.1 mm, dorsal view; G. Intermediate valve, width 6.3 mm, dorsal view: H. Intermediate valve, frontal view (valve figured by Gürs 1995: pl. 2, fig. 8B). D. Lepidopleurus paeninsulae Gürs 1992, Glimmerode (Germany), Oligocene (Chattian), Holotype, dorsal view (valve figured by Gürs 1992: fig. 2c).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFBF4E410FADFCF469CA9235.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327803/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327803	FIGURE 34. Leptochiton maguntiacus (de Rochebrune, 1882), Steigerberg (Germany), Oligocene (Rupelian), BD 405. A–B. Head valve, width 4.8 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). C–D. Intermediate valve, width 6.2 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation (D). E–I. Intermediate valve, width 7 mm, dorsal (E), frontal (F) and ventral (I) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (G) and lateral (H) areas. J–L. Tail valve, width 7.5 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 500 µm (D); 250 µm (B), 200 µm (H), 50 µm (G).	FIGURE 34. Leptochiton maguntiacus (de Rochebrune, 1882), Steigerberg (Germany), Oligocene (Rupelian), BD 405. A–B. Head valve, width 4.8 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). C–D. Intermediate valve, width 6.2 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation (D). E–I. Intermediate valve, width 7 mm, dorsal (E), frontal (F) and ventral (I) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (G) and lateral (H) areas. J–L. Tail valve, width 7.5 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 500 µm (D); 250 µm (B), 200 µm (H), 50 µm (G).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFBE4E430FADF8C868869794.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327805/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327805	FIGURE 35. Leptochiton poirieri (de Rochebrune, 1882), Oligocene (Rupelian). A–G, J–L. Glimmerode (Germany), BD 406: A–B. Head valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; C-D. Intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views; E–G. Intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (F) and lateral (G) areas (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Palazzi 1989: pl. 19, figs 1–3); J–L. Tail valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. H–I. Gaas, Lagouarde (France), DA, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (H) and lateral (I) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 3.J, 3.L).	FIGURE 35. Leptochiton poirieri (de Rochebrune, 1882), Oligocene (Rupelian). A–G, J–L. Glimmerode (Germany), BD 406: A–B. Head valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; C-D. Intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views; E–G. Intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (F) and lateral (G) areas (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Palazzi 1989: pl. 19, figs 1–3); J–L. Tail valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. H–I. Gaas, Lagouarde (France), DA, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (H) and lateral (I) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 3.J, 3.L).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFBC4E440FADFD686978912C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327807/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327807	FIGURE 36. Leptochiton uhligi (Koenen, 1892), Germany, Oligocene (Rupelian). A. Brandhorst, Lectotype SMF 250010, designed by Janssen 1978, tail valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Janssen 1978: pl. 14, fig. 1). B–D. Eckelsheim: B. Head valve, dorsal view; C. Intermediate valve, dorsal view; D. Tail valve, dorsal view (valves figured by Gürs 1995: pl. 2, figs 5–7).	FIGURE 36. Leptochiton uhligi (Koenen, 1892), Germany, Oligocene (Rupelian). A. Brandhorst, Lectotype SMF 250010, designed by Janssen 1978, tail valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Janssen 1978: pl. 14, fig. 1). B–D. Eckelsheim: B. Head valve, dorsal view; C. Intermediate valve, dorsal view; D. Tail valve, dorsal view (valves figured by Gürs 1995: pl. 2, figs 5–7).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFBB4E460FADFBC96B5A96F5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327809/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327809	FIGURE 37. Belknapchiton alveolus (M. Sars MS, Lovén, 1846). A–B. Zinola (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45701, intermediate valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 2, figs A, C). C–D. Sula Ridge (Norway), Recent, MZB, intermediate valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation (D) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto 2005: figs 13, 16). E–H. Cruise SE06, off Bari (Italy), Pleistocene (presumably last glacial): E–G. SE06-40, dorsal (E) and frontal (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F); H. SE06-50, dorsal view. Scale bars: 100 µm (B, F); 50 µm (D).	FIGURE 37. Belknapchiton alveolus (M. Sars MS, Lovén, 1846). A–B. Zinola (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45701, intermediate valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 2, figs A, C). C–D. Sula Ridge (Norway), Recent, MZB, intermediate valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation (D) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto 2005: figs 13, 16). E–H. Cruise SE06, off Bari (Italy), Pleistocene (presumably last glacial): E–G. SE06-40, dorsal (E) and frontal (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F); H. SE06-50, dorsal view. Scale bars: 100 µm (B, F); 50 µm (D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFB84E490FADFDCA6F3893A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327811/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327811	FIGURE 38. Parachiton africanus (Nierstrasz, 1906), Italy. A–F. Archi S. Francesco, Pleistocene, BD 412: A–B. Intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation of lateral area (B); C–D. Intermediate valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views; E–F. Tail valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views. G–H. Gallina, Pleistocene, BD 414, tail valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Parachiton thielei (Šulc, 1934), Paratethys, middle Miocene (Badenian). I–J. Steinabrunn (Austria) (valves figured by Šulc 1934: pl. 1, figs 4–5): I. Holotype, tail valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal view; J. Tail valve, dorsal view. K–L. Rohožník (Slovakia), SNM Z38510/a, intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (K) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (L) [valve figured by Ruman & Hudácková 2015: figs 2.(1a–b)]. M–P. Steinabrunn (Austria), NHMV 1933/0001/0042, tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (M–N) and lateral (P) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (O). Scale bars: 100 µm (L, O).	FIGURE 38. Parachiton africanus (Nierstrasz, 1906), Italy. A–F. Archi S. Francesco, Pleistocene, BD 412: A–B. Intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation of lateral area (B); C–D. Intermediate valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views; E–F. Tail valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views. G–H. Gallina, Pleistocene, BD 414, tail valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Parachiton thielei (Šulc, 1934), Paratethys, middle Miocene (Badenian). I–J. Steinabrunn (Austria) (valves figured by Šulc 1934: pl. 1, figs 4–5): I. Holotype, tail valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal view; J. Tail valve, dorsal view. K–L. Rohožník (Slovakia), SNM Z38510/a, intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (K) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (L) [valve figured by Ruman & Hudácková 2015: figs 2.(1a–b)]. M–P. Steinabrunn (Austria), NHMV 1933/0001/0042, tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (M–N) and lateral (P) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (O). Scale bars: 100 µm (L, O).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFB64E4A0FADF9786BBC90FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327813/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327813	FIGURE 39. Parachiton palmorum Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2018, Carrière Vives (France), Miocene (Burdigalian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 4.I, 4.J–K). A–C. Holotype MHNBx 2017.9.1, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (A, C) and lateral (B) views. D. Paratype MZB 32134, tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal view.	FIGURE 39. Parachiton palmorum Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2018, Carrière Vives (France), Miocene (Burdigalian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 4.I, 4.J–K). A–C. Holotype MHNBx 2017.9.1, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (A, C) and lateral (B) views. D. Paratype MZB 32134, tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal view.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFB54E4B0FADF985695293DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327815/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327815	FIGURE 40. Parachiton statianus Dell’Angelo, Giuntelli, Sosso & Zunino, 2015. A–B. Capo Milazzo (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 419, intermediate valve, width 6 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C. Estepona (Spain), Pliocene, MZB 32048, intermediate valve, width 4.8 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 2, fig. 2). D. Moulin-Pochas (France), upper Miocene, PR, intermediate valve, width 6 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 4d). E–H. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015a: pl. 4, figs 1–2, 7–8): E–F. Paratype, MGPT PU 108785, intermediate valve, width 4.2 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F); G–H. Holotype, MGPT PU 108784, tail valve, width 5.7 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views.	FIGURE 40. Parachiton statianus Dell’Angelo, Giuntelli, Sosso & Zunino, 2015. A–B. Capo Milazzo (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 419, intermediate valve, width 6 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C. Estepona (Spain), Pliocene, MZB 32048, intermediate valve, width 4.8 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 2, fig. 2). D. Moulin-Pochas (France), upper Miocene, PR, intermediate valve, width 6 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 4d). E–H. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015a: pl. 4, figs 1–2, 7–8): E–F. Paratype, MGPT PU 108785, intermediate valve, width 4.2 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (F); G–H. Holotype, MGPT PU 108784, tail valve, width 5.7 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FFB04E700FADFDF86FE990E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327817/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327817	FIGURE 41. Hanleya fratrum sp. nov., South Italy, Pleistocene. A. Pezzo, Paratype 1, MSNG 62637, head valve, width 6.1 mm, dorsal view. B–D. Musalà, BD 420, intermediate valve, width 6.1 mm, dorsal (B), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views. E–H. Salice, Holotype MSNG 62636, intermediate valve, width 4.6 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (F) and lateral (G) areas. I–L. Vallone Catrica, Paratype 2, MSNG 62638, tail valve, width 6.5 mm, dorsal (I) and lateral (L) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (J) and postmucronal (K) areas. Scale bars: 50 μm (F, G, J, K).	FIGURE 41. Hanleya fratrum sp. nov., South Italy, Pleistocene. A. Pezzo, Paratype 1, MSNG 62637, head valve, width 6.1 mm, dorsal view. B–D. Musalà, BD 420, intermediate valve, width 6.1 mm, dorsal (B), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views. E–H. Salice, Holotype MSNG 62636, intermediate valve, width 4.6 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (F) and lateral (G) areas. I–L. Vallone Catrica, Paratype 2, MSNG 62638, tail valve, width 6.5 mm, dorsal (I) and lateral (L) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (J) and postmucronal (K) areas. Scale bars: 50 μm (F, G, J, K).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF8F4E710FADF9B76B3292D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327819/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327819	FIGURE 42. Hanleya glimmerodensis Janssen, 1978. A–C. Glimmerode (Germany), Oligocene (Chattian) (valves figured by Janssen 1978: pl. 15, figs 28–30): A. Paratype SMF 250040, head valve, dorsal view; B. Paratype SMF 250039, intermediate valve, dorsal view; C. Holotype SMF 250038, tail valve, dorsal view. D. Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), DA, head valve, width 2.2 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 4.M). E–H. Glimmerode (Germany), Oligocene (Chattian), BD 423: E–F. Intermediate valve, width 4.7 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views; G-H. Tail valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. I–L. Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), DA (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 4.P, 4.R–S, 4.U): I–J. Intermediate valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (I) and frontal (J) views; K–L. Tail valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views.	FIGURE 42. Hanleya glimmerodensis Janssen, 1978. A–C. Glimmerode (Germany), Oligocene (Chattian) (valves figured by Janssen 1978: pl. 15, figs 28–30): A. Paratype SMF 250040, head valve, dorsal view; B. Paratype SMF 250039, intermediate valve, dorsal view; C. Holotype SMF 250038, tail valve, dorsal view. D. Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), DA, head valve, width 2.2 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 4.M). E–H. Glimmerode (Germany), Oligocene (Chattian), BD 423: E–F. Intermediate valve, width 4.7 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views; G-H. Tail valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. I–L. Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), DA (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 4.P, 4.R–S, 4.U): I–J. Intermediate valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (I) and frontal (J) views; K–L. Tail valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF8D4E740FADFF0569C895E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327821/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327821	FIGURE 43. Hanleya hanleyi (Bean in Thorpe, 1844). A. Archi S. Francesco (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 427, head valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal view. B–D. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), MNHN.F.A67078, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (B) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (C) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 10.A–C). E–F. Offshore Bari (SE06), Pleistocene (last glacial), SE06-19, MZUB, intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views. G–H. Salice (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 432, tail valve, width 4.1 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bar: 100 μm (C).	FIGURE 43. Hanleya hanleyi (Bean in Thorpe, 1844). A. Archi S. Francesco (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 427, head valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal view. B–D. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), MNHN.F.A67078, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (B) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (C) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 10.A–C). E–F. Offshore Bari (SE06), Pleistocene (last glacial), SE06-19, MZUB, intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views. G–H. Salice (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 432, tail valve, width 4.1 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bar: 100 μm (C).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF8B4E750FADFEB46B5F912C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327825/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327825	FIGURE44. Hanleyamediterranea Sirenko, 2014.A–C. CapraiaIsland-Capo Corso-350/500m (Italy),Pleistocene (presumably last glacial), BD 437: A. Head valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal view; B–C. Intermediate valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (B) and frontal (C) views. D. Riparbella (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 438, intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view. E–F. Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 435, intermediate valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2012: fig. 3F). G–H. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32017, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 4, fig. 13).	FIGURE44. Hanleyamediterranea Sirenko, 2014.A–C. CapraiaIsland-Capo Corso-350/500m (Italy),Pleistocene (presumably last glacial), BD 437: A. Head valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal view; B–C. Intermediate valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (B) and frontal (C) views. D. Riparbella (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 438, intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view. E–F. Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 435, intermediate valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2012: fig. 3F). G–H. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32017, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 4, fig. 13).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF8A4E770FADFBF068E89604.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327829/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327829	FIGURE 45. Hanleya multigranosa (Reuss, 1860). A–D. Rudoltice (Czech Republic), Middle Miocene: A. Head valve, dorsal view (valve figured by Reuss 1860: pl. 8, fig. 8a); B–D. Intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), and tail valves, dorsal view (C–D) (valves figured by Šulc 1934: pl. 1, figs 9, 11–12). E–H. Porzteich (Czech Republic), Middle Miocene, NHMV 2010/0256/0014, intermediate valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area, in dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (G, H).	FIGURE 45. Hanleya multigranosa (Reuss, 1860). A–D. Rudoltice (Czech Republic), Middle Miocene: A. Head valve, dorsal view (valve figured by Reuss 1860: pl. 8, fig. 8a); B–D. Intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), and tail valves, dorsal view (C–D) (valves figured by Šulc 1934: pl. 1, figs 9, 11–12). E–H. Porzteich (Czech Republic), Middle Miocene, NHMV 2010/0256/0014, intermediate valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area, in dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (G, H).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF884E780FADFC1869ED933D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327831/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327831	FIGURE 46. Hanleya sancticlementensis Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 11A–D, 11H–K). A. Paratype 1, MNHN. F.A67081, head valve, width 7 mm, dorsal view. B–D. Holotype, MNHN.F.A67080, intermediate valve, width 9 mm, dorsal (B), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views. E–H. Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A67082, tail valve, width 6 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (F) and postmucronal (G) areas. Scale bars: 100 μm (F, G).	FIGURE 46. Hanleya sancticlementensis Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 11A–D, 11H–K). A. Paratype 1, MNHN. F.A67081, head valve, width 7 mm, dorsal view. B–D. Holotype, MNHN.F.A67080, intermediate valve, width 9 mm, dorsal (B), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views. E–H. Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A67082, tail valve, width 6 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (F) and postmucronal (G) areas. Scale bars: 100 μm (F, G).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF874E7A0FADF9C3696C95E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327837/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327837	FIGURE 47. Hanleya schwabei Dell’Angelo, Sosso & Taviani, 2024. A–D. Mediterranean Sea, Recent, Scilla (Italy), Holotype MZUB 60338, intermediate valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of pleural (B) area (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2024: figs 3B–C, 3E). E–H. Archi S. Francesco (Italy), upper Pleistocene, BD 440, tail valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (F) and postmucronal (G) areas. Scale bars: 40 μm (B, F, G).	FIGURE 47. Hanleya schwabei Dell’Angelo, Sosso & Taviani, 2024. A–D. Mediterranean Sea, Recent, Scilla (Italy), Holotype MZUB 60338, intermediate valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of pleural (B) area (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2024: figs 3B–C, 3E). E–H. Archi S. Francesco (Italy), upper Pleistocene, BD 440, tail valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (F) and postmucronal (G) areas. Scale bars: 40 μm (B, F, G).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF854E7B0FADFEB46EEE94C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327839/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327839	FIGURE 48. Hanleya sirenkoi sp. nov., Vallone Catrica (Italy), Pleistocene. A–H. Holotype MSNG 62635, intermediate valve, width 11.5 mm, dorsal (A–B), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of pleural (E–F), lateral (G) and jugal (H) areas. Scale bar: 200 μm (E–H).	FIGURE 48. Hanleya sirenkoi sp. nov., Vallone Catrica (Italy), Pleistocene. A–H. Holotype MSNG 62635, intermediate valve, width 11.5 mm, dorsal (A–B), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of pleural (E–F), lateral (G) and jugal (H) areas. Scale bar: 200 μm (E–H).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF844E7C0FADFDD46E5191D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327849/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327849	FIGURE 49 Hanleya sossoi Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 12A–B, 12D–H, 12J). A–D. Holotype, MNHN.F.A67088, intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of jugal and pleural areas. E–F. Paratype 1, MNHN.F.A67089, head valve, width 4.8 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation (F). G. Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A67091, tail valve, width 4.8 mm, dorsal view. H. MNHN.F.A67092, tail valve, width 3.6 mm, lateral view. Scale bars: 100 μm (D, F).	FIGURE 49 Hanleya sossoi Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 12A–B, 12D–H, 12J). A–D. Holotype, MNHN.F.A67088, intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of jugal and pleural areas. E–F. Paratype 1, MNHN.F.A67089, head valve, width 4.8 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation (F). G. Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A67091, tail valve, width 4.8 mm, dorsal view. H. MNHN.F.A67092, tail valve, width 3.6 mm, lateral view. Scale bars: 100 μm (D, F).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF814E7F0FADFF0569BD912C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327851/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327851	FIGURE 50. Callochiton calcatus Dell’Angelo & Palazzi, 1994. A–G. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 573: A. Head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view; B–C. Intermediate valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal (B) and frontal (C) views; D. Intermediate valve, width 1.8 mm, frontal view; E–G. Tail valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (F). H–I. Capraia Island-Capo Corso -350/500 m (Italy), Pleistocene (presumably last glacial), BD 574, intermediate valve, width 2.2 mm, dorsal (H) and frontal (I) views. J–L. Petti di Carrubbare (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 575, intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and frontal (L) views. Scale bar: 100 μm (F).	FIGURE 50. Callochiton calcatus Dell’Angelo & Palazzi, 1994. A–G. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 573: A. Head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view; B–C. Intermediate valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal (B) and frontal (C) views; D. Intermediate valve, width 1.8 mm, frontal view; E–G. Tail valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (F). H–I. Capraia Island-Capo Corso -350/500 m (Italy), Pleistocene (presumably last glacial), BD 574, intermediate valve, width 2.2 mm, dorsal (H) and frontal (I) views. J–L. Petti di Carrubbare (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 575, intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and frontal (L) views. Scale bar: 100 μm (F).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF804E620FADFBF069A19108.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327853/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327853	FIGURE 51. Callochiton doriae (Capellini, 1859). A–B. Varovtsi (Ukraine), Miocene (Langhian-Serravallian), BD 582, head valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C–D. Kyllini (Greece), Pleistocene, DGUP, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation of pleural area (D) (valve figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 2, figs 7–8). E. Sciolze (Italy), Miocene (Burdigalian), MZB 32059, intermediate valve, width 3.9 mm, dorsal view. F–H. Albugnano (Italy), Miocene (Langhian), MZB 32060, intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 1, figs 7–8). I. Caranchi (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45726, abnormal tail valve showing the development of a new insertion plate, width 1.6 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 5, fig. P). J–L. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), MNHN.F.A67109, tail valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 16J–L). Scale bar: 50 μm (D).	FIGURE 51. Callochiton doriae (Capellini, 1859). A–B. Varovtsi (Ukraine), Miocene (Langhian-Serravallian), BD 582, head valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C–D. Kyllini (Greece), Pleistocene, DGUP, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation of pleural area (D) (valve figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 2, figs 7–8). E. Sciolze (Italy), Miocene (Burdigalian), MZB 32059, intermediate valve, width 3.9 mm, dorsal view. F–H. Albugnano (Italy), Miocene (Langhian), MZB 32060, intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 1, figs 7–8). I. Caranchi (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45726, abnormal tail valve showing the development of a new insertion plate, width 1.6 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 5, fig. P). J–L. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), MNHN.F.A67109, tail valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 16J–L). Scale bar: 50 μm (D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF9D4E630FADFBEB6BBD905F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327855/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327855	FIGURE52. CallochitonpouweriDell’Angelo,Landau,Van Dingenen & Ceulemans,2018.Saint-Clément-de-la-Place(France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 17A–D, 17G–H, 17J, 17L). A–C. Holotype, MNHN. F.A67112, intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views. D. MNHN.F.A67115, intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view. E–G. Paratype 2, MNHN.F.A67114, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (F). H. Paratype 4, NHMW 2017/0108/0030, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, ventral view. Scale bar: 50 μm (F).	FIGURE52. CallochitonpouweriDell’Angelo,Landau,Van Dingenen & Ceulemans,2018.Saint-Clément-de-la-Place(France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 17A–D, 17G–H, 17J, 17L). A–C. Holotype, MNHN. F.A67112, intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views. D. MNHN.F.A67115, intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view. E–G. Paratype 2, MNHN.F.A67114, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (F). H. Paratype 4, NHMW 2017/0108/0030, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, ventral view. Scale bar: 50 μm (F).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF9C4E650FADFA2168D19164.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327857/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327857	FIGURE 53. Callochiton septemvalvis (Montagu, 1803). A–D. Italy, Tuscany, Pliocene: A–C. Poggio alla Fame, BD 637, intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views; D. Serre di Rapolano, BD 638, intermediate valve, width 6.8 mm, dorsal view. E–H. Italy, Miocene (Tortonian): E. Montegibbio, MZB 32064, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 1, fig. 4); F–H. Borelli, BD 633, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views.	FIGURE 53. Callochiton septemvalvis (Montagu, 1803). A–D. Italy, Tuscany, Pliocene: A–C. Poggio alla Fame, BD 637, intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views; D. Serre di Rapolano, BD 638, intermediate valve, width 6.8 mm, dorsal view. E–H. Italy, Miocene (Tortonian): E. Montegibbio, MZB 32064, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 1, fig. 4); F–H. Borelli, BD 633, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF9A4E660FADFB3869FC96F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327859/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327859	FIGURE 54. Callochiton zigzag Šulc, 1934. A–D. Paratethys, Miocene (Langhian-Serravallian): A. Kninice (Czech Republic), Holotype, intermediate valve, dorsal view (valve figured by Šulc 1934: pl. 1, fig. 18); B–D. Korytnica (Poland) (valves figured by Bałuk 1971: pl. 5, figs 6–8): B. Head valve, dorsal view; C. Intermediate valve, dorsal view; D. Tail valve, dorsal view.	FIGURE 54. Callochiton zigzag Šulc, 1934. A–D. Paratethys, Miocene (Langhian-Serravallian): A. Kninice (Czech Republic), Holotype, intermediate valve, dorsal view (valve figured by Šulc 1934: pl. 1, fig. 18); B–D. Korytnica (Poland) (valves figured by Bałuk 1971: pl. 5, figs 6–8): B. Head valve, dorsal view; C. Intermediate valve, dorsal view; D. Tail valve, dorsal view.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF934E6D0FADFF286FFC94B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327861/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327861	FIGURE 55. Ischnochiton anserinus Laghi, 1977. A–C. Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 445 (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2012: figs 3.I, 3.K–L): A–B. Intermediate valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal view (A), and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); C. Intermediate valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal view. D–E. Pietrafitta (Italy), Pliocene, BD 442, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Cava di Campore (Italy), Pliocene, BD 443, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bar: 200 μm (B).	FIGURE 55. Ischnochiton anserinus Laghi, 1977. A–C. Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 445 (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2012: figs 3.I, 3.K–L): A–B. Intermediate valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal view (A), and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); C. Intermediate valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal view. D–E. Pietrafitta (Italy), Pliocene, BD 442, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Cava di Campore (Italy), Pliocene, BD 443, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bar: 200 μm (B).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF924E6E0FADFE486B5F9724.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327863/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327863	FIGURE 56. Ischnochiton crovatoi Dell’Angelo, Sosso & Bonfitto, 2019, Archi S. Francesco (Italy), Upper Pliocene (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2019: Figs 2.A–B, 2.D–E, 2.G, 2.I–K). A–B. Paratype MZB 50514, head valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view (A), and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). C. Paratype MZB 50515, intermediate valve, width 5 mm, dorsal view. D. BD 447, half intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view. E–H. Holotype MZB 50513, tail valve, width 5.3 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (H). Scale bars: 500 μm (H); 100 μm (B).	FIGURE 56. Ischnochiton crovatoi Dell’Angelo, Sosso & Bonfitto, 2019, Archi S. Francesco (Italy), Upper Pliocene (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2019: Figs 2.A–B, 2.D–E, 2.G, 2.I–K). A–B. Paratype MZB 50514, head valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view (A), and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). C. Paratype MZB 50515, intermediate valve, width 5 mm, dorsal view. D. BD 447, half intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view. E–H. Holotype MZB 50513, tail valve, width 5.3 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (H). Scale bars: 500 μm (H); 100 μm (B).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF914E900FADFDF868379126.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327869/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327869	FIGURE 57. Ischnochiton ligusticus Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Liguria (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean). A. Zinola, Paratype MZB 49982, head valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 4, fig. E). B–D. Bussana, Holotype MZB 49983, intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (D) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 4, figs B–D). E. Rio S. Antonino, MP, intermediate valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal view. F. Rio Torsero, BD 454, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, ventral view. G–H. Borzoli, BD 450, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2021: figs 67, 69). Scale bar: 50 μm (D).	FIGURE 57. Ischnochiton ligusticus Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Liguria (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean). A. Zinola, Paratype MZB 49982, head valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 4, fig. E). B–D. Bussana, Holotype MZB 49983, intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (B) and ventral (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (D) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 4, figs B–D). E. Rio S. Antonino, MP, intermediate valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal view. F. Rio Torsero, BD 454, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, ventral view. G–H. Borzoli, BD 450, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2021: figs 67, 69). Scale bar: 50 μm (D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF914E900FADFDF868379126.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327871/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327871	FIGURE 58. “Ischnochiton luquei“ sp. nov., Capraia Island-Capo Corso -350/500 m (Italy), Pleistocene (presumably last glacial). A–D. Holotype MZUB 60343, intermediate valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (B), Scale bar: 40 μm (B).	FIGURE 58. “Ischnochiton luquei“ sp. nov., Capraia Island-Capo Corso -350/500 m (Italy), Pleistocene (presumably last glacial). A–D. Holotype MZUB 60343, intermediate valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (B), Scale bar: 40 μm (B).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF6F4E910FADFBFE685392D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327873/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327873	FIGURE 59. Ischnochiton martinelli Dell’Angelo, Landau & Marquet, 2004. A–D. Estepona (Spain), Lower to Upper Pliocene (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 4, fig. 8, pl. 5, fig. 8, pl. 6, figs 2, 5): A–B. Paratype MME, head valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); C–D. Holotype MZB 25051, intermediate valve, width 5.4 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation (D). E–F. Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 461, intermediate valve, width 4.2 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views. G–L. Archi S. Francesco (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 462: G–I. Intermediate valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal (G, H) and ventral (I) views; J–L. Tail valve, width 5 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 500 μm (D); 100 μm (B).	FIGURE 59. Ischnochiton martinelli Dell’Angelo, Landau & Marquet, 2004. A–D. Estepona (Spain), Lower to Upper Pliocene (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 4, fig. 8, pl. 5, fig. 8, pl. 6, figs 2, 5): A–B. Paratype MME, head valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); C–D. Holotype MZB 25051, intermediate valve, width 5.4 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation (D). E–F. Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 461, intermediate valve, width 4.2 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views. G–L. Archi S. Francesco (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 462: G–I. Intermediate valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal (G, H) and ventral (I) views; J–L. Tail valve, width 5 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 500 μm (D); 100 μm (B).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF6F4E910FADFBFE685392D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327859/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327859	FIGURE 54. Callochiton zigzag Šulc, 1934. A–D. Paratethys, Miocene (Langhian-Serravallian): A. Kninice (Czech Republic), Holotype, intermediate valve, dorsal view (valve figured by Šulc 1934: pl. 1, fig. 18); B–D. Korytnica (Poland) (valves figured by Bałuk 1971: pl. 5, figs 6–8): B. Head valve, dorsal view; C. Intermediate valve, dorsal view; D. Tail valve, dorsal view.	FIGURE 54. Callochiton zigzag Šulc, 1934. A–D. Paratethys, Miocene (Langhian-Serravallian): A. Kninice (Czech Republic), Holotype, intermediate valve, dorsal view (valve figured by Šulc 1934: pl. 1, fig. 18); B–D. Korytnica (Poland) (valves figured by Bałuk 1971: pl. 5, figs 6–8): B. Head valve, dorsal view; C. Intermediate valve, dorsal view; D. Tail valve, dorsal view.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF6D4E940FADFF056BED92E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327877/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327877	FIGURE 60. Ischnochiton rissoi (Payraudeau, 1826). A, G–J. Archi S. Francesco (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 503: A. Head valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view; G–H. Intermediate valve, width 5.4 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views; I–J. Tail valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal (I) and lateral (J) views. B–D. Serre di Rapolano (Italy), Pliocene, BD 492, intermediate valves, dorsal views: width 2.5 mm (B); width 4 mm (C); width 5 mm (D). E–F. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian): E. MZB 32018, intermediate valve, width 5.8 mm, dorsal view; F. MZB 32020, tail valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015a: pl. 4, figs 15, 17). K–L. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), RGM.1008373, tail valve, width 5.6 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 13A, 13C). M–R. Varovtsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene (Badenian), BD 471: M. Head valve, width 5 mm, dorsal view; N–P. Intermediate valve, width 8.3 mm, dorsal (N), ventral (O) and frontal (P) views; Q–R. Tail valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal (Q) and lateral (R) views. S–T. Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Middle Miocene (Badenian), NHMW 1859/0027/0062, tail valve, width 6.3 mm, dorsal (S) and lateral (T) views.	FIGURE 60. Ischnochiton rissoi (Payraudeau, 1826). A, G–J. Archi S. Francesco (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 503: A. Head valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view; G–H. Intermediate valve, width 5.4 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views; I–J. Tail valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal (I) and lateral (J) views. B–D. Serre di Rapolano (Italy), Pliocene, BD 492, intermediate valves, dorsal views: width 2.5 mm (B); width 4 mm (C); width 5 mm (D). E–F. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian): E. MZB 32018, intermediate valve, width 5.8 mm, dorsal view; F. MZB 32020, tail valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015a: pl. 4, figs 15, 17). K–L. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), RGM.1008373, tail valve, width 5.6 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 13A, 13C). M–R. Varovtsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene (Badenian), BD 471: M. Head valve, width 5 mm, dorsal view; N–P. Intermediate valve, width 8.3 mm, dorsal (N), ventral (O) and frontal (P) views; Q–R. Tail valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal (Q) and lateral (R) views. S–T. Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), Middle Miocene (Badenian), NHMW 1859/0027/0062, tail valve, width 6.3 mm, dorsal (S) and lateral (T) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF6A4E960FADFF056E839794.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327879/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327879	FIGURE 61. Ischnochiton sigwartae sp. nov., Archi S. Francesco (Italy), upper Pleistocene. A–C. Paratype 1, MSNG 62640, head valve, width 4.6 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views. D–F. Paratype 2, MSNG 62641, intermediate valve, width 4.2 mm, dorsal (D), ventral (E) and frontal (F) views. G–H. Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A98470, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (G) and ventral (H) views. I–K. Holotype, MSNG 62639, tail valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (J) and lateral (K) views. L. Paratype 4, MNHN.F.A98471, tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal view.	FIGURE 61. Ischnochiton sigwartae sp. nov., Archi S. Francesco (Italy), upper Pleistocene. A–C. Paratype 1, MSNG 62640, head valve, width 4.6 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views. D–F. Paratype 2, MSNG 62641, intermediate valve, width 4.2 mm, dorsal (D), ventral (E) and frontal (F) views. G–H. Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A98470, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (G) and ventral (H) views. I–K. Holotype, MSNG 62639, tail valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (J) and lateral (K) views. L. Paratype 4, MNHN.F.A98471, tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal view.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF694E970FADFD686E609348.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327881/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327881	FIGURE 62. Ischnochiton ulivii Dell’Angelo & Forli, 1996. A–G. Pietrafitta, Melograni (Italy), Pliocene, BD 525: A–B. Head valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; C–D. Intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views; E–G. Tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. H–J. Fauglia (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 527, intermediate valve, dorsal (H), ventral (I) and frontal (J) views. K–L. Estepona (Spain), Lower to Upper Pliocene, BD 520, intermediate valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal view (K) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (L) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 4, figs 6–7). Scale bar: 100 μm (L).	FIGURE 62. Ischnochiton ulivii Dell’Angelo & Forli, 1996. A–G. Pietrafitta, Melograni (Italy), Pliocene, BD 525: A–B. Head valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; C–D. Intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views; E–G. Tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and lateral (G) views. H–J. Fauglia (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 527, intermediate valve, dorsal (H), ventral (I) and frontal (J) views. K–L. Estepona (Spain), Lower to Upper Pliocene, BD 520, intermediate valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal view (K) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (L) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 4, figs 6–7). Scale bar: 100 μm (L).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF674E980FADFF056BBC92D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327883/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327883	FIGURE 63. Ischnochiton abbessi (Cherns & Schwabe, 2019). A–E. Gamachot (France), Miocene (Burdigalian), MHNBx 2017.9.2, intermediate valve, width 7.8 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B), frontal (C), and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (D, E) and lateral (E) areas (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 5S, 5U, 6A–C). F–H. Abbesse (Aquitaine, France), upper Oligocene, Holotype ZSM Mol 20071427, intermediate valve, width 9.2 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views (valve figured by Cherns & Schwabe 2019: figs 6J–L).	FIGURE 63. Ischnochiton abbessi (Cherns & Schwabe, 2019). A–E. Gamachot (France), Miocene (Burdigalian), MHNBx 2017.9.2, intermediate valve, width 7.8 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B), frontal (C), and close-up of surface ornamentation of central (D, E) and lateral (E) areas (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 5S, 5U, 6A–C). F–H. Abbesse (Aquitaine, France), upper Oligocene, Holotype ZSM Mol 20071427, intermediate valve, width 9.2 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views (valve figured by Cherns & Schwabe 2019: figs 6J–L).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF664E9A0FADFF0568FD9698.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327885/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327885	FIGURE 64. Ischnochiton cluzaudi sp. nov. A–G, I–L. Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 2.A–C, 2.J as I. korytnicensis Bałuk, 1971): A–C. Paratype 2, MHNBx 2024.2.1, head valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views; D–F. Holotype, MSNG 62642, intermediate valve, width 4.6 mm, dorsal (D), ventral (E) and frontal (F) views; G. JVC, valve vii-viii, coalescence, width 4 mm, dorsal view; I–L. Paratype 1, MSNG 62643, tail valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (J). H. Carrière Vives (France), Miocene (Burdigalian), JFL, tail valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal view. Scale bar: 40 μm (J).	FIGURE 64. Ischnochiton cluzaudi sp. nov. A–G, I–L. Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 2.A–C, 2.J as I. korytnicensis Bałuk, 1971): A–C. Paratype 2, MHNBx 2024.2.1, head valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views; D–F. Holotype, MSNG 62642, intermediate valve, width 4.6 mm, dorsal (D), ventral (E) and frontal (F) views; G. JVC, valve vii-viii, coalescence, width 4 mm, dorsal view; I–L. Paratype 1, MSNG 62643, tail valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (J). H. Carrière Vives (France), Miocene (Burdigalian), JFL, tail valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal view. Scale bar: 40 μm (J).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF664E9A0FADFF0568FD9698.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327899/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327899	FIGURE 70. Ischnochiton korytnicensis Bałuk, 1971. A–B. Vintebbio (Italy), Pliocene, BD 540, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). C–D. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32022, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (D) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 5, fig. 3). E–J. Varovtsi (Ukraine), middle Miocene, BD 533: E–F. Intermediate valve, width 3,8 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation (F); G–H. Intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views; I–J. Tail valve, width 5.6 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (J). K–L. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italia), Miocene (Tortonian), BD 535, tail valve, width 6 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, D, F, J).	FIGURE 70. Ischnochiton korytnicensis Bałuk, 1971. A–B. Vintebbio (Italy), Pliocene, BD 540, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). C–D. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32022, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (D) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 5, fig. 3). E–J. Varovtsi (Ukraine), middle Miocene, BD 533: E–F. Intermediate valve, width 3,8 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation (F); G–H. Intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views; I–J. Tail valve, width 5.6 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (J). K–L. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italia), Miocene (Tortonian), BD 535, tail valve, width 6 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, D, F, J).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF654E9B0FADFC646A919298.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327887/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327887	FIGURE 65. Ischnochiton lesporti sp. nov. Miocene (Burdigalian), France. A–B, F–L. Noaillan: A–B. Paratype 2, MSNG 62646, head valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal view (A), close-up of surface ornamentation (B); F–H. Paratype 1, MSNG 62645, intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal view (F), close-up of surface ornamentation (G), frontal view (H); I–L. Holotype MSNG 62644, tail valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (J). C–E. Maureilhan, Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A98472, intermediate valve, width 5 mm, dorsal (C), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 5.D–F as Ischnochiton rissoi). Scale bars: 40 μm (B, J); 20 μm (G).	FIGURE 65. Ischnochiton lesporti sp. nov. Miocene (Burdigalian), France. A–B, F–L. Noaillan: A–B. Paratype 2, MSNG 62646, head valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal view (A), close-up of surface ornamentation (B); F–H. Paratype 1, MSNG 62645, intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal view (F), close-up of surface ornamentation (G), frontal view (H); I–L. Holotype MSNG 62644, tail valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (J). C–E. Maureilhan, Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A98472, intermediate valve, width 5 mm, dorsal (C), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 5.D–F as Ischnochiton rissoi). Scale bars: 40 μm (B, J); 20 μm (G).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF634E9D0FADFF056BCF95E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327889/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327889	FIGURE 66. Ischnochiton loureiroi Dell’Angelo, Landau, Silva & Sosso, 2022, Vale de Freixo (Portugal), Pliocene (upper Zanclean to lower Piacenzian). A–C. Holotype RGM.1364007, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal view (A) and closeup of surface ornamentation of central (B) and lateral (C) areas (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2022: figs 7.1–7.3). D–E. Paratype RGM.1364008, intermediate valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (D) and frontal (E) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2022: figs 7.4, 7.6). F–H. Intermediate valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (F) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (G) (lost while taking photos). Scale bars: 100 μm (B, C, G).	FIGURE 66. Ischnochiton loureiroi Dell’Angelo, Landau, Silva & Sosso, 2022, Vale de Freixo (Portugal), Pliocene (upper Zanclean to lower Piacenzian). A–C. Holotype RGM.1364007, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal view (A) and closeup of surface ornamentation of central (B) and lateral (C) areas (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2022: figs 7.1–7.3). D–E. Paratype RGM.1364008, intermediate valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (D) and frontal (E) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2022: figs 7.4, 7.6). F–H. Intermediate valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (F) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (G) (lost while taking photos). Scale bars: 100 μm (B, C, G).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF624E9E0FADFEB468909604.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327893/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327893	FIGURE 67. Ischnochiton nitidum Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 14A–L). A–C. Holotype, MNHN.F.A67095, tail valve, width 6.3 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views. D–F. Paratype 1, MNHN.F.A67096, head valve, width 5.5 mm, dorsal (D), ventral (E) and lateral (F) views. G–I. Paratype 2, MNHN.F.A67097, intermediate valve, width 9 mm, dorsal (G), ventral (H) and frontal (I) views. J–L. Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A67098, tail valve, width 5.4 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views.	FIGURE 67. Ischnochiton nitidum Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 14A–L). A–C. Holotype, MNHN.F.A67095, tail valve, width 6.3 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views. D–F. Paratype 1, MNHN.F.A67096, head valve, width 5.5 mm, dorsal (D), ventral (E) and lateral (F) views. G–I. Paratype 2, MNHN.F.A67097, intermediate valve, width 9 mm, dorsal (G), ventral (H) and frontal (I) views. J–L. Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A67098, tail valve, width 5.4 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF614E9F0FADFC186B649724.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327895/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327895	FIGURE 68. Ischnochiton renardi Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2018, Moulin Pochas (France), Upper Miocene (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 5M–P). A–C Holotype, MHNBx 2017.8.1, intermediate valve, width 6.4 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views. D. Paratype, MHNBx 2017.8.2, intermediate valve, width 7.5 mm, dorsal view.	FIGURE 68. Ischnochiton renardi Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2018, Moulin Pochas (France), Upper Miocene (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 5M–P). A–C Holotype, MHNBx 2017.8.1, intermediate valve, width 6.4 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views. D. Paratype, MHNBx 2017.8.2, intermediate valve, width 7.5 mm, dorsal view.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF604E800FADFDF86B8D9420.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327897/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327897	FIGURE 69. Ischnochiton zbyi Dell’Angelo & Silva, 2003, Vale de Freixo (Portugal), Pliocene (upper Zanclean to lower Piacenzian), BD 240. A–C. Head valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views. D–F. Intermediate valve, width 5.9 mm, dorsal (D), ventral (E) and frontal (F) views. G–I. Tail valve, width 5.3 mm, dorsal (G), ventral (H) and lateral (I) views. J–K. Intermediate valve, width 2.2 mm, dorsal (J) and frontal (K) views. L. Tail valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal view.	FIGURE 69. Ischnochiton zbyi Dell’Angelo & Silva, 2003, Vale de Freixo (Portugal), Pliocene (upper Zanclean to lower Piacenzian), BD 240. A–C. Head valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views. D–F. Intermediate valve, width 5.9 mm, dorsal (D), ventral (E) and frontal (F) views. G–I. Tail valve, width 5.3 mm, dorsal (G), ventral (H) and lateral (I) views. J–K. Intermediate valve, width 2.2 mm, dorsal (J) and frontal (K) views. L. Tail valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal view.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF7F4E820FADFAFA6B9C97F0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327899/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327899	FIGURE 70. Ischnochiton korytnicensis Bałuk, 1971. A–B. Vintebbio (Italy), Pliocene, BD 540, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). C–D. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32022, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (D) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 5, fig. 3). E–J. Varovtsi (Ukraine), middle Miocene, BD 533: E–F. Intermediate valve, width 3,8 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation (F); G–H. Intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views; I–J. Tail valve, width 5.6 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (J). K–L. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italia), Miocene (Tortonian), BD 535, tail valve, width 6 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, D, F, J).	FIGURE 70. Ischnochiton korytnicensis Bałuk, 1971. A–B. Vintebbio (Italy), Pliocene, BD 540, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). C–D. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32022, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (D) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 5, fig. 3). E–J. Varovtsi (Ukraine), middle Miocene, BD 533: E–F. Intermediate valve, width 3,8 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation (F); G–H. Intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views; I–J. Tail valve, width 5.6 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (J). K–L. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italia), Miocene (Tortonian), BD 535, tail valve, width 6 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, D, F, J).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF7D4E840FADFC8C6FE59282.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327901/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327901	FIGURE 71. Ischnochiton krohi sp. nov. A–L. Varovtsi (Ukraine), middle Miocene: A. Paratype 1, MSNG 62648, head valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view; B–D. Holotype, MSNG 62647, intermediate valve, width 4.8 mm, dorsal (B), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views; E–G. Paratype 4, NHMW 2025/0125/0001, intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of lateral (F) and pleural (G) areas; H. BD 252, tail valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal view; I–L. Paratype 2, MSNG 62649, tail valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (I–J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. M–P. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), middle Miocene, Paratype 5, NHMW 2010/0256/0005, tail valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (M) and lateral (O) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (N) and postmucronal (P) areas. Scale bars: 100 μm (F, J, N, P); 40 μm (G).	FIGURE 71. Ischnochiton krohi sp. nov. A–L. Varovtsi (Ukraine), middle Miocene: A. Paratype 1, MSNG 62648, head valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view; B–D. Holotype, MSNG 62647, intermediate valve, width 4.8 mm, dorsal (B), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views; E–G. Paratype 4, NHMW 2025/0125/0001, intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of lateral (F) and pleural (G) areas; H. BD 252, tail valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal view; I–L. Paratype 2, MSNG 62649, tail valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (I–J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. M–P. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), middle Miocene, Paratype 5, NHMW 2010/0256/0005, tail valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (M) and lateral (O) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (N) and postmucronal (P) areas. Scale bars: 100 μm (F, J, N, P); 40 μm (G).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF7A4E870FADF946682D9794.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327903/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327903	FIGURE 72. Stenoplax paviai Dell’Angelo, Giuntelli, Sosso & Zunino, 2014, Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 15A–B, 15D, 15F–I). A–H. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France): A–B. MNHN.F.A67103, head valve, width 7 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views; C–D. MNHN.F.A67104, intermediate valve, width 7 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views; E–H. MNHN.F.A67105, tail valve, width 5 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F), lateral (G) and posterior (H) views. I–L. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2014: pl. 1, figs 1a, 3a, 5, 8): I. Paratype MZB 60085, head valve, dorsal view; J. Paratype MGPT-PU 108792, intermediate valve, dorsal view; K–L. Paratype MZB 60087, tail valve, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views.	FIGURE 72. Stenoplax paviai Dell’Angelo, Giuntelli, Sosso & Zunino, 2014, Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 15A–B, 15D, 15F–I). A–H. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France): A–B. MNHN.F.A67103, head valve, width 7 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views; C–D. MNHN.F.A67104, intermediate valve, width 7 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views; E–H. MNHN.F.A67105, tail valve, width 5 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F), lateral (G) and posterior (H) views. I–L. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2014: pl. 1, figs 1a, 3a, 5, 8): I. Paratype MZB 60085, head valve, dorsal view; J. Paratype MGPT-PU 108792, intermediate valve, dorsal view; K–L. Paratype MZB 60087, tail valve, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF784E890FADFD686D919391.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327907/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327907	FIGURE 73. Stenoplax veneta Dell’Angelo & Palazzi, 1992, Case Soghe (Italy), Lower Oligocene (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: figs 3A–G, 3I). A. Paratype BD 3039, head valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal view. B–D. Paratype BD 3039, tail valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal (B), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views. E. BD 543, intermediate valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal view. F–H. BD 543, tail valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views.	FIGURE 73. Stenoplax veneta Dell’Angelo & Palazzi, 1992, Case Soghe (Italy), Lower Oligocene (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: figs 3A–G, 3I). A. Paratype BD 3039, head valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal view. B–D. Paratype BD 3039, tail valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal (B), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views. E. BD 543, intermediate valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal view. F–H. BD 543, tail valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF744E8C0FADFF056E4495E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327909/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327909	FIGURE 74. Stenosemus albus (Linnaeus, 1767), Denmark, North of Faroe isl., Recent (spm disarticulated), BD 255. A. Head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view. B. Intermediate valve (ii), width 4.3 mm, dorsal view. C–E. Intermediate valve (vi), width 4.5 mm, dorsal (C), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Tail valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views.	FIGURE 74. Stenosemus albus (Linnaeus, 1767), Denmark, North of Faroe isl., Recent (spm disarticulated), BD 255. A. Head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view. B. Intermediate valve (ii), width 4.3 mm, dorsal view. C–E. Intermediate valve (vi), width 4.5 mm, dorsal (C), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Tail valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF734E8E0FADFEB56E4C9604.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327913/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327913	FIGURE 75. Stenosemus dolii (Van Belle & Dell’Angelo, 1998). A–H. off Civitavecchia -550 m (Italy), Pleistocene, paratypes BD P151F/01: A–C. Head valve, width 4.7 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views; D–F. Intermediate valve, width 8 mm, dorsal (D), ventral (E) and frontal (F) views; G–H. Tail valve, width 6 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. I–K. Capraia Island-Capo Corso -350/500 m (Italy), Pleistocene (presumably last glacial), BD 549: I. Head valve, width 4.1 mm, dorsal view; J–K. Intermediate valve, width 6.2 mm, dorsal (J) and frontal (K) views. L. Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, AR, intermediate valve, width 4.1 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2012: fig. 4G).	FIGURE 75. Stenosemus dolii (Van Belle & Dell’Angelo, 1998). A–H. off Civitavecchia -550 m (Italy), Pleistocene, paratypes BD P151F/01: A–C. Head valve, width 4.7 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views; D–F. Intermediate valve, width 8 mm, dorsal (D), ventral (E) and frontal (F) views; G–H. Tail valve, width 6 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. I–K. Capraia Island-Capo Corso -350/500 m (Italy), Pleistocene (presumably last glacial), BD 549: I. Head valve, width 4.1 mm, dorsal view; J–K. Intermediate valve, width 6.2 mm, dorsal (J) and frontal (K) views. L. Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, AR, intermediate valve, width 4.1 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2012: fig. 4G).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF734E8E0FADFEB56E4C9604.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327899/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327899	FIGURE 70. Ischnochiton korytnicensis Bałuk, 1971. A–B. Vintebbio (Italy), Pliocene, BD 540, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). C–D. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32022, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (D) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 5, fig. 3). E–J. Varovtsi (Ukraine), middle Miocene, BD 533: E–F. Intermediate valve, width 3,8 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation (F); G–H. Intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views; I–J. Tail valve, width 5.6 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (J). K–L. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italia), Miocene (Tortonian), BD 535, tail valve, width 6 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, D, F, J).	FIGURE 70. Ischnochiton korytnicensis Bałuk, 1971. A–B. Vintebbio (Italy), Pliocene, BD 540, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). C–D. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32022, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (D) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 5, fig. 3). E–J. Varovtsi (Ukraine), middle Miocene, BD 533: E–F. Intermediate valve, width 3,8 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation (F); G–H. Intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views; I–J. Tail valve, width 5.6 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (J). K–L. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italia), Miocene (Tortonian), BD 535, tail valve, width 6 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, D, F, J).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF714EB00FADFCEF6945900C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327915/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327915	FIGURE 76. Stenosemus juliuspisai sp. nov. A–I.Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene-Pleistocene:A–C. Holotype, MSNG 62650, intermediate valve, width 5.7 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views; D–E. Paratype 1, MSNG 62651, head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (D) and lateral (C) views; F–H. Paratype 2, MSNG 62652, tail valve, width 4.9 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views; I. BD 558, Intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view. J–K. Capraia Island-Capo Corso -350/500 m, Pleistocene (presumably last glacial), Paratype 5, MSNG 62653, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (J) and frontal (K) views. L. San Procopio (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 560, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal view. M–P. Mediterranean Sea, Recent: M–N. Alboran Island -80/150 m, BD 561, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (M) and frontal (N) views; O–P. Alghero -180 m, BD 562, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (O) and frontal (P) views.	FIGURE 76. Stenosemus juliuspisai sp. nov. A–I.Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene-Pleistocene:A–C. Holotype, MSNG 62650, intermediate valve, width 5.7 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views; D–E. Paratype 1, MSNG 62651, head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (D) and lateral (C) views; F–H. Paratype 2, MSNG 62652, tail valve, width 4.9 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views; I. BD 558, Intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view. J–K. Capraia Island-Capo Corso -350/500 m, Pleistocene (presumably last glacial), Paratype 5, MSNG 62653, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (J) and frontal (K) views. L. San Procopio (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 560, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal view. M–P. Mediterranean Sea, Recent: M–N. Alboran Island -80/150 m, BD 561, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (M) and frontal (N) views; O–P. Alghero -180 m, BD 562, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (O) and frontal (P) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF4F4EB10FADFA116A9192BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327917/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327917	FIGURE77. Stenosemus praedoliisp.nov. A–D.Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene(Tortonian),Holotype, MZB32039, intermediate valve, width 5.7 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B), frontal (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (D). E. Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), Paratype 1, MNHN.F.A98475, intermediate valve, width 4.8 mm, dorsal view. F–H. Archi (Italy), lower Pleistocene: F–G. Paratype 3, MSNG 62654, intermediate valve, width 5.6 mm, dorsal (F) and frontal (G) views; H. Paratype 4, MSNG 62655, intermediate valve, width 4.6 mm, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm (D).	FIGURE77. Stenosemus praedoliisp.nov. A–D.Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene(Tortonian),Holotype, MZB32039, intermediate valve, width 5.7 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B), frontal (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (D). E. Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), Paratype 1, MNHN.F.A98475, intermediate valve, width 4.8 mm, dorsal view. F–H. Archi (Italy), lower Pleistocene: F–G. Paratype 3, MSNG 62654, intermediate valve, width 5.6 mm, dorsal (F) and frontal (G) views; H. Paratype 4, MSNG 62655, intermediate valve, width 4.6 mm, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm (D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF4D4EB30FADFF0568C4947C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327923/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327923	FIGURE 78. “Stenosemus” radiatus Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Carrière Vives (France), Miocene (Burdigalian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 3.A–B, 3.D–F, 3.I–K). A–B. BD 565, head valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C–E. Holotype MZB 50568, intermediate valve, width 5.4 mm, dorsal (C), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. AC, tail valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views.	FIGURE 78. “Stenosemus” radiatus Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Carrière Vives (France), Miocene (Burdigalian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 3.A–B, 3.D–F, 3.I–K). A–B. BD 565, head valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C–E. Holotype MZB 50568, intermediate valve, width 5.4 mm, dorsal (C), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. AC, tail valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF4C4EB40FADFE016EF797B8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327925/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327925	FIGURE 79. Stenosemus rossoae sp. nov., Pezzo (Italy), Pleistocene. A–D. Holotype, MSNG 62656, intermediate valve, width 7.7 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). E–H. Paratype 1, MSNG 62657, intermediate valve, width 7.5 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and frontal (G) views, and close-up of the jugal plate between the apophyses (H). Scale bar: 500 μm (B).	FIGURE 79. Stenosemus rossoae sp. nov., Pezzo (Italy), Pleistocene. A–D. Holotype, MSNG 62656, intermediate valve, width 7.7 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). E–H. Paratype 1, MSNG 62657, intermediate valve, width 7.5 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and frontal (G) views, and close-up of the jugal plate between the apophyses (H). Scale bar: 500 μm (B).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF4B4EB50FADFD4568229016.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327929/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327929	FIGURE 80. Stenosemus vendrascoi sp. nov., Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian). A–D. Holotype, MSNG 62658, tail valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (B). E- F. Paratype 1, MSNG 62659, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views. G-H. Paratype 2, MSNG 62660, head valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bar: 100 μm (B).	FIGURE 80. Stenosemus vendrascoi sp. nov., Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian). A–D. Holotype, MSNG 62658, tail valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (B). E- F. Paratype 1, MSNG 62659, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views. G-H. Paratype 2, MSNG 62660, head valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bar: 100 μm (B).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF4A4EB80FADFAEE6BBC93C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327933/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327933	FIGURE 81. Connexochiton platynomenus Kaas, 1979. A–D. Archi (S. Italy), Pleistocene, BD 566: A–B. Head valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); C–D. Intermediate valve, width 1.6 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Palazzi 1994: 235, middle unnumbered figure). E–F. Vallone Catrica (S. Italy), Pleistocene, BD 569, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Smriglio 1999: pl. 27, fig. D as Bathychiton biondii). G–H. Bathychiton biondii Dell’Angelo & Palazzi, 1988, Tuscan Archipelago, S. Lucia Bank, Recent, Holotype MSNL, tail valve, dorsal view (G) and close-up of surface ornamentation (H) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Smriglio 1999: pl. 27, fig. G, pl. 28, fig. I). Scale bars: 50 μm (B, H).	FIGURE 81. Connexochiton platynomenus Kaas, 1979. A–D. Archi (S. Italy), Pleistocene, BD 566: A–B. Head valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); C–D. Intermediate valve, width 1.6 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Palazzi 1994: 235, middle unnumbered figure). E–F. Vallone Catrica (S. Italy), Pleistocene, BD 569, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Smriglio 1999: pl. 27, fig. D as Bathychiton biondii). G–H. Bathychiton biondii Dell’Angelo & Palazzi, 1988, Tuscan Archipelago, S. Lucia Bank, Recent, Holotype MSNL, tail valve, dorsal view (G) and close-up of surface ornamentation (H) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo & Smriglio 1999: pl. 27, fig. G, pl. 28, fig. I). Scale bars: 50 μm (B, H).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF4A4EB80FADFAEE6BBC93C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327915/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327915	FIGURE 76. Stenosemus juliuspisai sp. nov. A–I.Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene-Pleistocene:A–C. Holotype, MSNG 62650, intermediate valve, width 5.7 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views; D–E. Paratype 1, MSNG 62651, head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (D) and lateral (C) views; F–H. Paratype 2, MSNG 62652, tail valve, width 4.9 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views; I. BD 558, Intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view. J–K. Capraia Island-Capo Corso -350/500 m, Pleistocene (presumably last glacial), Paratype 5, MSNG 62653, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (J) and frontal (K) views. L. San Procopio (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 560, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal view. M–P. Mediterranean Sea, Recent: M–N. Alboran Island -80/150 m, BD 561, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (M) and frontal (N) views; O–P. Alghero -180 m, BD 562, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (O) and frontal (P) views.	FIGURE 76. Stenosemus juliuspisai sp. nov. A–I.Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene-Pleistocene:A–C. Holotype, MSNG 62650, intermediate valve, width 5.7 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views; D–E. Paratype 1, MSNG 62651, head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (D) and lateral (C) views; F–H. Paratype 2, MSNG 62652, tail valve, width 4.9 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views; I. BD 558, Intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view. J–K. Capraia Island-Capo Corso -350/500 m, Pleistocene (presumably last glacial), Paratype 5, MSNG 62653, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (J) and frontal (K) views. L. San Procopio (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 560, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal view. M–P. Mediterranean Sea, Recent: M–N. Alboran Island -80/150 m, BD 561, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (M) and frontal (N) views; O–P. Alghero -180 m, BD 562, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (O) and frontal (P) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF4A4EB80FADFAEE6BBC93C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327935/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327935	FIGURE 82. Connexochiton roccai Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Borzoli (Italy), Lower Pliocene. A– D. Holotype MZB 49980, tail valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (B) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 5, figs J–M). Scale bar: 80 μm (B).	FIGURE 82. Connexochiton roccai Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Borzoli (Italy), Lower Pliocene. A– D. Holotype MZB 49980, tail valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (B) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 5, figs J–M). Scale bar: 80 μm (B).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF4A4EB80FADFAEE6BBC93C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327937/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327937	FIGURE 83.Connexochiton vivesi Dell’Angelo, Lesport,Cluzaud & Sosso, 2018, Carrière Vives, Lower Miocene(Burdigalian). A–D. Holotype MHNBx 2017.6.1, tail valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B), frontal (C) and lateral (D) views (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 6.G–I, 6.K).	FIGURE 83.Connexochiton vivesi Dell’Angelo, Lesport,Cluzaud & Sosso, 2018, Carrière Vives, Lower Miocene(Burdigalian). A–D. Holotype MHNBx 2017.6.1, tail valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B), frontal (C) and lateral (D) views (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 6.G–I, 6.K).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF464EBA0FADF8CD6B5F900A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327940/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327940	FIGURE 84. Callistochiton borellianus Dell’Angelo, Giuntelli, Sosso & Zunino, 2015, Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian). A–D. Holotype MGPT PU 108786, intermediate valve, width 5.7 mm, dorsal (A–B), frontal (C) and lateral (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 6, figs 14–16, 18).	FIGURE 84. Callistochiton borellianus Dell’Angelo, Giuntelli, Sosso & Zunino, 2015, Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian). A–D. Holotype MGPT PU 108786, intermediate valve, width 5.7 mm, dorsal (A–B), frontal (C) and lateral (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 6, figs 14–16, 18).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF454EBC0FADFA1A680A95C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327942/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327942	FIGURE 85. Callistochiton (Allerychiton) pachylasmae (Monterosato, 1879 ex G. Seguenza MS). A–D. S. Italy, Pleistocene: A–B. S. Maria di Catanzaro, BD 571, head valve, width 1.3 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; C–D. Gallina, AV, head valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views. E–F. Recent (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018c: fig. 2C): E. Corfu (Greece), SB, head valve, width 1.2 mm, dorsal view; F. Pantelleria (Italy), SB, head valve, width 1.3 mm, dorsal view. G–H. Pecoraro (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 572, intermediate valve, width 1.6 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views.	FIGURE 85. Callistochiton (Allerychiton) pachylasmae (Monterosato, 1879 ex G. Seguenza MS). A–D. S. Italy, Pleistocene: A–B. S. Maria di Catanzaro, BD 571, head valve, width 1.3 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; C–D. Gallina, AV, head valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views. E–F. Recent (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018c: fig. 2C): E. Corfu (Greece), SB, head valve, width 1.2 mm, dorsal view; F. Pantelleria (Italy), SB, head valve, width 1.3 mm, dorsal view. G–H. Pecoraro (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 572, intermediate valve, width 1.6 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF454EBC0FADFA1A680A95C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327929/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327929	FIGURE 80. Stenosemus vendrascoi sp. nov., Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian). A–D. Holotype, MSNG 62658, tail valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (B). E- F. Paratype 1, MSNG 62659, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views. G-H. Paratype 2, MSNG 62660, head valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bar: 100 μm (B).	FIGURE 80. Stenosemus vendrascoi sp. nov., Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian). A–D. Holotype, MSNG 62658, tail valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (B). E- F. Paratype 1, MSNG 62659, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views. G-H. Paratype 2, MSNG 62660, head valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bar: 100 μm (B).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF434EBD0FADFED86BAC9490.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327946/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327946	FIGURE 86. Callistochiton zitteli (de Rochebrune, 1882), Gienberg (Germany), Oligocene, Rupelian. A–E. Valves figured by Boettger 1869: pl. 1, figs 13a–g: A–B. Head valve, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) view; C–D. Intermediate valve, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views; E. Tail valve, dorsal view. F–H. Valves figured by Janssen 1978: pl. 16, figs 36–38: F. Paralectotype SMF 14.28c, dorsal view; G. Paralectotype SMF 14.28b, dorsal view; H. Lectotype SMF 14.28a, dorsal view.	FIGURE 86. Callistochiton zitteli (de Rochebrune, 1882), Gienberg (Germany), Oligocene, Rupelian. A–E. Valves figured by Boettger 1869: pl. 1, figs 13a–g: A–B. Head valve, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) view; C–D. Intermediate valve, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views; E. Tail valve, dorsal view. F–H. Valves figured by Janssen 1978: pl. 16, figs 36–38: F. Paralectotype SMF 14.28c, dorsal view; G. Paralectotype SMF 14.28b, dorsal view; H. Lectotype SMF 14.28a, dorsal view.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF404EA10FADFA50698894C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327948/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327948	FIGURE 87. Rhyssoplax assurrecta Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018. A–B, E–K. Saint-Clément-dela-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian): A–B. Paratype NHMW 2017/0108/0033, head valve, width 4.4 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; E–H. Holotype MNHN.F.A67124, intermediate valve, width 6.5 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F), frontal (G) and lateral (H) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 19A–C); I–K. Paratype MNHN.F.A67128, tail valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (J) and lateral (K) views. C–D, L. Pietrafitta Melograni (Italy), Pliocene, BD 644: C–D. Intermediate valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views; L. Tail valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view.	FIGURE 87. Rhyssoplax assurrecta Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018. A–B, E–K. Saint-Clément-dela-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian): A–B. Paratype NHMW 2017/0108/0033, head valve, width 4.4 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views; E–H. Holotype MNHN.F.A67124, intermediate valve, width 6.5 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F), frontal (G) and lateral (H) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 19A–C); I–K. Paratype MNHN.F.A67128, tail valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (J) and lateral (K) views. C–D, L. Pietrafitta Melograni (Italy), Pliocene, BD 644: C–D. Intermediate valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views; L. Tail valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF5E4EA20FADFDD46EDA91CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327950/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327950	FIGURE 88. Rhyssoplax capecchii (Chirli, 2004), Italy, Pliocene. A–C, E–L. Poggio alla Fame, BD 650: A–C. Head valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B), lateral (C) views; E–H. Intermediate valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of pleural area (F); I. Tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal view; J–L. Tail valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. D. Pietrafitta Melograni, BD 649, intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal view. Scale bar: 100 µm (F).	FIGURE 88. Rhyssoplax capecchii (Chirli, 2004), Italy, Pliocene. A–C, E–L. Poggio alla Fame, BD 650: A–C. Head valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B), lateral (C) views; E–H. Intermediate valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of pleural area (F); I. Tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal view; J–L. Tail valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. D. Pietrafitta Melograni, BD 649, intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal view. Scale bar: 100 µm (F).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF5D4EA60FADFAD56A9495E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327954/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327954	FIGURE 89. Rhyssoplax corallina (Risso, 1826). A. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), BD 664, head valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal view. B–D. Coupe du fossé près de La Solitude (France), Miocene (Burdigalian), JFL, intermediate valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (B), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 6M-O). E–F. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32076, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal view (E) and detail of longitudinal folds (F) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 2, figs 10–11). G. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 696, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, frontal view. H–I. Bujtur (Romania), middle Miocene, NHMW 1863/0015/0116, intermediate valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal view (H) and detail of longitudinal folds (I). J–L. Valle Ceppi (Italy), Miocene (Burdigalian), MZB 32073, width 6.8 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 2, figs 7–9). M–N. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32075, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (M) and lateral (N) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 2, figs 2–3). O–P. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), BD 148, tail valve, width 4.8 mm, dorsal (O) and lateral (P) views. Scale bar: 100 µm (I).	FIGURE 89. Rhyssoplax corallina (Risso, 1826). A. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), BD 664, head valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal view. B–D. Coupe du fossé près de La Solitude (France), Miocene (Burdigalian), JFL, intermediate valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (B), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 6M-O). E–F. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32076, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal view (E) and detail of longitudinal folds (F) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 2, figs 10–11). G. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 696, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, frontal view. H–I. Bujtur (Romania), middle Miocene, NHMW 1863/0015/0116, intermediate valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal view (H) and detail of longitudinal folds (I). J–L. Valle Ceppi (Italy), Miocene (Burdigalian), MZB 32073, width 6.8 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 2, figs 7–9). M–N. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32075, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (M) and lateral (N) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 2, figs 2–3). O–P. Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), BD 148, tail valve, width 4.8 mm, dorsal (O) and lateral (P) views. Scale bar: 100 µm (I).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF594EA70FADFEB4681196BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327956/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327956	FIGURE 90. Rhyssoplax etrusca (Dell’Angelo & Forli, 1995), Italy. A–F, I. Riparbella, lower Pleistocene: A–C. BD 740, head valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); D–F. Paratype BD FX18A, intermediate valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (D), ventral (E) and frontal (F) views; I. BD 740, intermediate valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal view. G–H. Pietrafitta, Pliocene, BD 736, intermediate valve, width 2.2 mm, dorsal view (G) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (H). J–L. Poggio alla Fame, Pliocene, BD 738, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (H); 40 µm (B).	FIGURE 90. Rhyssoplax etrusca (Dell’Angelo & Forli, 1995), Italy. A–F, I. Riparbella, lower Pleistocene: A–C. BD 740, head valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); D–F. Paratype BD FX18A, intermediate valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (D), ventral (E) and frontal (F) views; I. BD 740, intermediate valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal view. G–H. Pietrafitta, Pliocene, BD 736, intermediate valve, width 2.2 mm, dorsal view (G) and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (H). J–L. Poggio alla Fame, Pliocene, BD 738, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (H); 40 µm (B).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF584EA80FADFC406A919234.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327958/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327958	FIGURE 91. Rhyssoplax garillii sp. nov., Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene-Pleistocene. A–B. Paratype 1, MSNG 62662, head valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C–D. Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A98476, intermediate valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views. E–G. Paratype 2, MSNG 62663, intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and frontal (G) views. H–I. Paratype 4, MNHN.F.A98477, tail valve, width 4.2 mm, dorsal (H) and lateral (I) views. J–L. Holotype MSNG 62661, tail valve, width 4.4 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views.	FIGURE 91. Rhyssoplax garillii sp. nov., Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene-Pleistocene. A–B. Paratype 1, MSNG 62662, head valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C–D. Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A98476, intermediate valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views. E–G. Paratype 2, MSNG 62663, intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and frontal (G) views. H–I. Paratype 4, MNHN.F.A98477, tail valve, width 4.2 mm, dorsal (H) and lateral (I) views. J–L. Holotype MSNG 62661, tail valve, width 4.4 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF574EAA0FADF8C96E2892CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327962/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327962	FIGURE 92. Rhyssoplax miocenica (Michelotti, 1847). A–B, L. Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 3, figs 1–2, 4): A. Head valve, MGPT PU 135296, width 9.8 mm, dorsal view; B. Intermediate valve, MGPT PU 135297, width 13 mm, dorsal view; L. Tail valve, MGPT PU 135298, width 10 mm, lateral view. C–D. Montenero (Italy), Pliocene, BD 755, intermediate valve, dorsal view (C) and detail of longitudinal ribs by frontal view (D). E. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), intermediate valve, MZB 32080, width 12.7 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 2, fig. 18). F–H. Rio S. Antonino (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45744, intermediate valve, width 13 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 7, figs B–D). I–K. Estepona (Spain), Pliocene, BD 752, tail valve, width 17.5 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (J) and lateral (K) views. Scale bar: 100 µm (D).	FIGURE 92. Rhyssoplax miocenica (Michelotti, 1847). A–B, L. Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 3, figs 1–2, 4): A. Head valve, MGPT PU 135296, width 9.8 mm, dorsal view; B. Intermediate valve, MGPT PU 135297, width 13 mm, dorsal view; L. Tail valve, MGPT PU 135298, width 10 mm, lateral view. C–D. Montenero (Italy), Pliocene, BD 755, intermediate valve, dorsal view (C) and detail of longitudinal ribs by frontal view (D). E. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), intermediate valve, MZB 32080, width 12.7 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 2, fig. 18). F–H. Rio S. Antonino (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45744, intermediate valve, width 13 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 7, figs B–D). I–K. Estepona (Spain), Pliocene, BD 752, tail valve, width 17.5 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (J) and lateral (K) views. Scale bar: 100 µm (D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF544EAF0FADF97C6B6B91B1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327964/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327964	FIGURE 93. Rhyssoplax olivacea (Spengler, 1797). A, H, M–P. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 1, figs 10, 13, 15): A. MZB 32065, head valve, width 5.5 mm, dorsal view; H. MZB 32068, intermediate valve, width 6.3 mm, dorsal view; M–O. BD 767, tail valve, width 6.3 mm, dorsal (M), ventral (N) and lateral (O) views; P. MZB 32069, tail valve, width 8 mm, lateral view. B–G. Paratethys, Middle Miocene: B–D. Varovtsi (Ukraine), BD 764, intermediate valve, width 5 mm, dorsal (B), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views; E–G. Band (Hungary), BD 760, intermediate valve, width 5.5 mm, dorsal (E), ventral with detail of the dentate plate of jugal sinus (F) and frontal (G) views. I–J. Bussana (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45729, intermediate valve, dorsal view (I) and detail of longitudinal ribs by frontal view (J) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 5, figs T–U). K–L. Kyllini (Greece), Pleistocene, DGUP, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal view (K) and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal and postmucronal areas (L) (valve figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 4, figs 4–5). Scale bar: 200 µm (L).	FIGURE 93. Rhyssoplax olivacea (Spengler, 1797). A, H, M–P. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 1, figs 10, 13, 15): A. MZB 32065, head valve, width 5.5 mm, dorsal view; H. MZB 32068, intermediate valve, width 6.3 mm, dorsal view; M–O. BD 767, tail valve, width 6.3 mm, dorsal (M), ventral (N) and lateral (O) views; P. MZB 32069, tail valve, width 8 mm, lateral view. B–G. Paratethys, Middle Miocene: B–D. Varovtsi (Ukraine), BD 764, intermediate valve, width 5 mm, dorsal (B), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views; E–G. Band (Hungary), BD 760, intermediate valve, width 5.5 mm, dorsal (E), ventral with detail of the dentate plate of jugal sinus (F) and frontal (G) views. I–J. Bussana (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45729, intermediate valve, dorsal view (I) and detail of longitudinal ribs by frontal view (J) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 5, figs T–U). K–L. Kyllini (Greece), Pleistocene, DGUP, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal view (K) and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal and postmucronal areas (L) (valve figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 4, figs 4–5). Scale bar: 200 µm (L).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF504ED00FADFB4F681E9376.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327966/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327966	FIGURE 94. Rhyssoplax phaseolina (Monterosato, 1879). A–B, G–H. Ognina (Italy), Recent, BD 818 (valves figured by Dell’Angelo & Smriglio 1999: pl. 60, figs A, C, E, H): A. Head valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view; B. Intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal view; G–H. Tail valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. C–D. Ustica (Italy), Pleistocene, MGUP 538, intermediate valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views. E–F. Gallina (Italy), Pleistocene, AV, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views.	FIGURE 94. Rhyssoplax phaseolina (Monterosato, 1879). A–B, G–H. Ognina (Italy), Recent, BD 818 (valves figured by Dell’Angelo & Smriglio 1999: pl. 60, figs A, C, E, H): A. Head valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view; B. Intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal view; G–H. Tail valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. C–D. Ustica (Italy), Pleistocene, MGUP 538, intermediate valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views. E–F. Gallina (Italy), Pleistocene, AV, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF2F4ED20FADF90E6E3D95C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327968/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327968	FIGURE 95. Rhyssoplax saeniensis (Chirli, 2004), Serre di Rapolano (Italy), Pliocene, BD 826. A–C. Head valve, width 10 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views. D–E. Intermediate valve, width 18.3 mm, dorsal (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Intermediate valve, width 17.5 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views. I–K. Tail valve, width 11 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (J) and lateral (K) views. L. Tail valve, width 13.8 mm, lateral view.	FIGURE 95. Rhyssoplax saeniensis (Chirli, 2004), Serre di Rapolano (Italy), Pliocene, BD 826. A–C. Head valve, width 10 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views. D–E. Intermediate valve, width 18.3 mm, dorsal (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Intermediate valve, width 17.5 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views. I–K. Tail valve, width 11 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (J) and lateral (K) views. L. Tail valve, width 13.8 mm, lateral view.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF2D4ED30FADFED8681494EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327970/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327970	FIGURE 96. Rhyssoplax sulcomarginata (Dell’Angelo, Giuntelli, Sosso & Zunino, 2016). A–B. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), Paratype MZB 32085, head valve, width 4.6 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 3, figs 5–6). C. Albugnano (Italy), Miocene (Langhian), Paratype MZB 32082, intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 3, fig. 7). D. Genova Sestri (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45749, half intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 7, fig. N). E. Borzoli (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45748, tail valve, width 3.9 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 7, fig. K). F–H. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), Holotype MZB 32084, tail valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 3, figs 10–12).	FIGURE 96. Rhyssoplax sulcomarginata (Dell’Angelo, Giuntelli, Sosso & Zunino, 2016). A–B. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), Paratype MZB 32085, head valve, width 4.6 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 3, figs 5–6). C. Albugnano (Italy), Miocene (Langhian), Paratype MZB 32082, intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 3, fig. 7). D. Genova Sestri (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45749, half intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 7, fig. N). E. Borzoli (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45748, tail valve, width 3.9 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 7, fig. K). F–H. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), Holotype MZB 32084, tail valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 3, figs 10–12).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF2B4ED50FADFD306B5F95E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327973/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327973	FIGURE 97. Lucilina saubadeae Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2018, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian). A–D. Holotype MHNBx 2017.10.1, tail valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, and detail of teeth of the insertion plate (D) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 7E–G, 7I).	FIGURE 97. Lucilina saubadeae Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2018, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian). A–D. Holotype MHNBx 2017.10.1, tail valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, and detail of teeth of the insertion plate (D) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 7E–G, 7I).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF2A4ED70FADFD6868B195E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327979/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327979	FIGURE 98. Spinochiton gaasi Cherns & Schwabe, 2019, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 8A, 8C–F, 8M–N, 8P–Q, 8T, 9A–C, 9J). A–E. MHNBx 2017.7.3, head valve, width 5 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B), lateral (C-D) and posterior (E) views. F–J. MHNBx 2017.10.2, intermediate valve, width 5.4 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of apical area (I), and of surface ornamentation of lateral area (J). K–M. BD 836, intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (K) and ventral (L, M) views. N-P. MHNBx 2017.11.1, tail valve, width 5.3 mm, dorsal (N), ventral (O) and lateral (P) views.	FIGURE 98. Spinochiton gaasi Cherns & Schwabe, 2019, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 8A, 8C–F, 8M–N, 8P–Q, 8T, 9A–C, 9J). A–E. MHNBx 2017.7.3, head valve, width 5 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B), lateral (C-D) and posterior (E) views. F–J. MHNBx 2017.10.2, intermediate valve, width 5.4 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of apical area (I), and of surface ornamentation of lateral area (J). K–M. BD 836, intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (K) and ventral (L, M) views. N-P. MHNBx 2017.11.1, tail valve, width 5.3 mm, dorsal (N), ventral (O) and lateral (P) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF284ED80FADFCD06B5F91A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327981/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327981	FIGURE 99. Schizochiton tasteti Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2018, Gaas, Lagouarde (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 7M–T). A–D. Holotype, MHNBx 2017.7.4, head valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (D). E–H. Paratype, MHNBx 2017.7.5, intermediate valve, width 4.4 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and frontal (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (H).	FIGURE 99. Schizochiton tasteti Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2018, Gaas, Lagouarde (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: figs 7M–T). A–D. Holotype, MHNBx 2017.7.4, head valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (D). E–H. Paratype, MHNBx 2017.7.5, intermediate valve, width 4.4 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and frontal (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (H).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF244EDD0FADFD446B0995C4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327985/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327985	FIGURE 100. Lepidochitona caprearum (Scacchi, 1836). A–B, I. Rio S. Antonino (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 8, figs F–H): A–B. MZB 45752, head valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); I. MZB 45753, intermediate valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal view. C. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 845, head valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal view. D. Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32092, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, frontal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 3, fig. 21). E–F. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), PG, intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (F). G–H. Limassol (Cyprus), Recent, BD 858, intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view (G) and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (H). J–L.Archi S. Francesco (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 852, tail valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (F), 60 µm (B), 50 µm (H).	FIGURE 100. Lepidochitona caprearum (Scacchi, 1836). A–B, I. Rio S. Antonino (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 8, figs F–H): A–B. MZB 45752, head valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); I. MZB 45753, intermediate valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal view. C. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 845, head valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal view. D. Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32092, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, frontal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 3, fig. 21). E–F. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), PG, intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (F). G–H. Limassol (Cyprus), Recent, BD 858, intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view (G) and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (H). J–L.Archi S. Francesco (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 852, tail valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (F), 60 µm (B), 50 µm (H).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF224EDF0FADFED868A19700.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327989/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327989	FIGURE 101. Lepidochitona cinerea (Linnaeus, 1767). A. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32087, head valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 3, fig. 13). B. Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MGPT, head valve, width 4 mm, lateral view. C–D. Kyllini (Greece), Pleistocene, DGUP, intermediate valve, width 1.1 mm mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation (D). E–G. Rio di Bocca d’Asino, Miocene (Tortonian), BD 859, intermediate valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and frontal (G) views. H–I. Borzoli (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), BD 862: H. intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal view; I. tail valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view. J–L. Rio di Bocca d’Asino, Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32086, tail valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 3, figs 17–18). Scale bar: 100 µm (D).	FIGURE 101. Lepidochitona cinerea (Linnaeus, 1767). A. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32087, head valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 3, fig. 13). B. Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MGPT, head valve, width 4 mm, lateral view. C–D. Kyllini (Greece), Pleistocene, DGUP, intermediate valve, width 1.1 mm mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation (D). E–G. Rio di Bocca d’Asino, Miocene (Tortonian), BD 859, intermediate valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and frontal (G) views. H–I. Borzoli (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), BD 862: H. intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal view; I. tail valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view. J–L. Rio di Bocca d’Asino, Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32086, tail valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 3, figs 17–18). Scale bar: 100 µm (D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF204EDF0FADFD1C6A9492DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327991/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327991	FIGURE 102. Lepidochitona furtiva (Monterosato, 1879), Kyllini (Greece), Pleistocene. A–C. DGUP, intermediate valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central (B) and lateral (C) areas (valve figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 3, figs 7–8). D–E. BD 892, intermediate valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal (D) and frontal (E) views. F. DGUP, tail valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 3, fig. 4). G–H. BD 892, tail valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (G) and ventral (H) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (B, C).	FIGURE 102. Lepidochitona furtiva (Monterosato, 1879), Kyllini (Greece), Pleistocene. A–C. DGUP, intermediate valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central (B) and lateral (C) areas (valve figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 3, figs 7–8). D–E. BD 892, intermediate valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal (D) and frontal (E) views. F. DGUP, tail valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 3, fig. 4). G–H. BD 892, tail valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (G) and ventral (H) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (B, C).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF3F4EC10FADFCE76819915A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327993/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327993	FIGURE 103. Lepidochitona marcoi Dell’Angelo & Giusti, 1997, Capraia Island-Capo Corso (Italy), Pleistocene, paratypes BD P224/1. A–B. Head valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C–E. Intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (E). F–H. Tail valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bar: 100 µm (E).	FIGURE 103. Lepidochitona marcoi Dell’Angelo & Giusti, 1997, Capraia Island-Capo Corso (Italy), Pleistocene, paratypes BD P224/1. A–B. Head valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C–E. Intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (E). F–H. Tail valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bar: 100 µm (E).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF3E4EC30FADFB2A6BF19698.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327995/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327995	FIGURE 104. Lepidochitona monterosatoi Kaas & Van Belle, 1981. A–B. Rio S. Antonino (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), BD 897, head valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). C–D. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32095, intermediate valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 4, figs 9–10). E–G. Ustica Island (Italy), Recent, BD 909, intermediate valve, dorsal (E) and frontal (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (F). H–J. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 902, intermediate valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal (H), ventral (I) and frontal (J) views. K–L. Rio S. Antonino (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45760, tail valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 9, figs E–F). Scale bars: 50 µm (B, F).	FIGURE 104. Lepidochitona monterosatoi Kaas & Van Belle, 1981. A–B. Rio S. Antonino (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), BD 897, head valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). C–D. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32095, intermediate valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 4, figs 9–10). E–G. Ustica Island (Italy), Recent, BD 909, intermediate valve, dorsal (E) and frontal (G) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (F). H–J. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 902, intermediate valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal (H), ventral (I) and frontal (J) views. K–L. Rio S. Antonino (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45760, tail valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 9, figs E–F). Scale bars: 50 µm (B, F).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF3C4EC40FADFC64684E92A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17327997/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17327997	FIGURE 105. Lepidochitona pliocinerea Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013. A–B. Rio S. Antonino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), Paratype MZB 49978, head valve, width 5.5 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 9, figs J–K). C–D. Albugnano (Italy), Miocene (Langhian), MZB 32097, intermediate valve, width 5.7 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 4, figs 11–12). E. Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MGPT PU 135299, intermediate valve, width 7 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 4, fig. 15). F–G. Bussana (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), Holotype MZB 49979, intermediate valve, width 7.5 mm, dorsal view (F) and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (G) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 9, figs G–H). H–K. Serre di Rapolano (Italy), Pliocene: H. Paratype BD, intermediate valve, width 7.8 mm, frontal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 9, fig. T); I–K. BD 918, tail valve, width 8 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (J) and lateral (K) views. L. Rio di Bocca d’Asino, Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32098, tail valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 4, fig. 16). Scale bar: 200 µm (G).	FIGURE 105. Lepidochitona pliocinerea Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013. A–B. Rio S. Antonino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), Paratype MZB 49978, head valve, width 5.5 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 9, figs J–K). C–D. Albugnano (Italy), Miocene (Langhian), MZB 32097, intermediate valve, width 5.7 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 4, figs 11–12). E. Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MGPT PU 135299, intermediate valve, width 7 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 4, fig. 15). F–G. Bussana (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), Holotype MZB 49979, intermediate valve, width 7.5 mm, dorsal view (F) and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (G) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 9, figs G–H). H–K. Serre di Rapolano (Italy), Pliocene: H. Paratype BD, intermediate valve, width 7.8 mm, frontal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 9, fig. T); I–K. BD 918, tail valve, width 8 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (J) and lateral (K) views. L. Rio di Bocca d’Asino, Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32098, tail valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 4, fig. 16). Scale bar: 200 µm (G).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF3A4EC50FADFF056EF793C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328001/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328001	FIGURE 106. Lepidochitona saitoi sp. nov. A–F. Holotype MSNG 62664, intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal (A), lateral (C), frontal (D) and ventral (E–F) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). Scale bar: 100 µm (B).	FIGURE 106. Lepidochitona saitoi sp. nov. A–F. Holotype MSNG 62664, intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal (A), lateral (C), frontal (D) and ventral (E–F) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). Scale bar: 100 µm (B).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF3A4EC60FADF8D16BD79394.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328005/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328005	FIGURE 107. Lepidochitona verrucosa Dell’Angelo & Forli, 1996. A, E–H. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 926: A. Head valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view; E. Intermediate valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal view; F–H. Tail valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views. B–D. Pietrafitta Melograni (Italy), Pliocene, BD 925, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal (B), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views.	FIGURE 107. Lepidochitona verrucosa Dell’Angelo & Forli, 1996. A, E–H. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 926: A. Head valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view; E. Intermediate valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal view; F–H. Tail valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views. B–D. Pietrafitta Melograni (Italy), Pliocene, BD 925, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal (B), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF344ECB0FADFF056BBD92E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328007/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328007	FIGURE 108. Lepidochitona adunca (Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020), Lariey (Saucats), France, Miocene (Aquitanian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 23.A, 23.C, 23.E–G, 23.I–K). A–B. MHNBx 2020.5.2, paratype, head valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C–E. MHNBx 2020.5.3, paratype, intermediate valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (C), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. MHNBx 2020.5.1, holotype, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views.	FIGURE 108. Lepidochitona adunca (Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020), Lariey (Saucats), France, Miocene (Aquitanian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 23.A, 23.C, 23.E–G, 23.I–K). A–B. MHNBx 2020.5.2, paratype, head valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C–E. MHNBx 2020.5.3, paratype, intermediate valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (C), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. MHNBx 2020.5.1, holotype, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF334ECD0FADFF05695E912C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328009/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328009	FIGURE 109. Lepidochitona canariensis (Thiele, 1909). A–B. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 933, head valve, width 1.2 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral views. C–D. Rio Torsero (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), BD 930, intermediate valve, width 2.1 m, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (D). E–H. Vintebbio (Italy), Pliocene, BD 932, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of pleural and lateral areas (F). I. Moulin Pochas (France), lower Miocene (Burdigalian), PR, intermediate valve, width 2.2 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: fig. 19.D). J–L. Genova Sestri (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), BD 929, tail valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal (J) and lateral (K) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (L). Scale bars: 100 µm (F), 80 µm (D), 50 µm (L).	FIGURE 109. Lepidochitona canariensis (Thiele, 1909). A–B. Poggio alla Fame (Italy), Pliocene, BD 933, head valve, width 1.2 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral views. C–D. Rio Torsero (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), BD 930, intermediate valve, width 2.1 m, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (D). E–H. Vintebbio (Italy), Pliocene, BD 932, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of pleural and lateral areas (F). I. Moulin Pochas (France), lower Miocene (Burdigalian), PR, intermediate valve, width 2.2 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: fig. 19.D). J–L. Genova Sestri (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), BD 929, tail valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal (J) and lateral (K) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (L). Scale bars: 100 µm (F), 80 µm (D), 50 µm (L).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF334ECD0FADFF05695E912C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328128/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328128	FIGURE 154. Problematic species assignment. A. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Garilli, Germanà, Reitano, Sosso & Bonfitto, 2012, Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 254, intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2012: fig. 3E). B. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Garlenda (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45704, head valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 3, fig. A). C. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), MNHN.F.A67067, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: fig. 6A). D. Leptochiton sp., Gamachot (France), lower Miocene, BD, tail valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 3M, as Leptochiton cf. L. josei Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013). E. Leptochiton sp., Rocco di Passerano (Italy), lower Miocene, MZB 32014, head valve, width 4.3 mm (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, fig. 12, as Leptochiton salicensis Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). F. Leptochiton sp., Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32015, tail valve, width 2.1 mm, (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, fig. 15, as Leptochiton salicensis Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). G. Hanleya sp. Dell’Angelo, Landau & Marquet, 2004, Estepona, Velerin Antena (Spain), Pliocene, BD, tail valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 3, fig. 1). H. Ischnochiton? sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Caranchi (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45717, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 4, fig. N). I. Stenosemus sp., Moulin Pochas (France), upper Miocene, PR, head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view [from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 6D, as Stenosemus dolii (Van Belle & Dell’Angelo, 1998)]. J–K. Callochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Rio S. Antonino (Italy), MZB 45727, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (J) and lateral (K) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 5, figs Q–R). L–M. Rhyssoplax sp., Abesse (France), upper Oligocene, DA, intermediate valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal (L) and frontal (M) views	FIGURE 154. Problematic species assignment. A. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Garilli, Germanà, Reitano, Sosso & Bonfitto, 2012, Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 254, intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2012: fig. 3E). B. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Garlenda (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45704, head valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 3, fig. A). C. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), MNHN.F.A67067, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: fig. 6A). D. Leptochiton sp., Gamachot (France), lower Miocene, BD, tail valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 3M, as Leptochiton cf. L. josei Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013). E. Leptochiton sp., Rocco di Passerano (Italy), lower Miocene, MZB 32014, head valve, width 4.3 mm (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, fig. 12, as Leptochiton salicensis Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). F. Leptochiton sp., Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32015, tail valve, width 2.1 mm, (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, fig. 15, as Leptochiton salicensis Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). G. Hanleya sp. Dell’Angelo, Landau & Marquet, 2004, Estepona, Velerin Antena (Spain), Pliocene, BD, tail valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 3, fig. 1). H. Ischnochiton? sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Caranchi (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45717, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 4, fig. N). I. Stenosemus sp., Moulin Pochas (France), upper Miocene, PR, head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view [from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 6D, as Stenosemus dolii (Van Belle & Dell’Angelo, 1998)]. J–K. Callochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Rio S. Antonino (Italy), MZB 45727, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (J) and lateral (K) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 5, figs Q–R). L–M. Rhyssoplax sp., Abesse (France), upper Oligocene, DA, intermediate valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal (L) and frontal (M) views	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF324ECE0FADFBF06B599661.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328013/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328013	FIGURE 110. Lepidochitona chalossensis Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 17.H–I). A–D. Holotype MHNBx 2020.2.7, intermediate valve, width 2.2 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (D). Scale bar: 100 μm (D).	FIGURE 110. Lepidochitona chalossensis Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 17.H–I). A–D. Holotype MHNBx 2020.2.7, intermediate valve, width 2.2 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (D). Scale bar: 100 μm (D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF314ECF0FADFC3C6B599420.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328015/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328015	FIGURE 111. Lepidochitona charlesi Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 14.E–L). A–E. Holotype MHNBx 2020.3.6, intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (B–C). F–H. Paratype MZB 50571, intermediate valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views. Scale bars: 200 μm (B), 50 μm (C).	FIGURE 111. Lepidochitona charlesi Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 14.E–L). A–E. Holotype MHNBx 2020.3.6, intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (B–C). F–H. Paratype MZB 50571, intermediate valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views. Scale bars: 200 μm (B), 50 μm (C).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF304EF00FADFBBC6B59910A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328017/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328017	FIGURE 112. Lepidochitona larratensis Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 16.A–E, 16.M–O). A–D. Holotype MHNBx 2020.2.6, intermediate valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B), frontal (C) views and close-up of surface ornamentation (D). E. Paratype MHNBx 2020.2.9, intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal view. F–H. MHNBx 2014.14.21.2 (Benoist collection, labeled Tonicia waltebledi), intermediate valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views. Scale bar: 100 μm (D).	FIGURE 112. Lepidochitona larratensis Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 16.A–E, 16.M–O). A–D. Holotype MHNBx 2020.2.6, intermediate valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B), frontal (C) views and close-up of surface ornamentation (D). E. Paratype MHNBx 2020.2.9, intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal view. F–H. MHNBx 2014.14.21.2 (Benoist collection, labeled Tonicia waltebledi), intermediate valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views. Scale bar: 100 μm (D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF0F4EF10FADFB1A6F62904A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328019/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328019	FIGURE 113. Lepidochitona leognanensis (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917), France, Aquitaine Basin. A–C. Lariey (Saucats), Miocene (Aquitanian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 18.A–B, 18.D): A–B. JFL, intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (A) and frontal (B) views; C. JFL, intermediate valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal view. D–L. Miocene (Burdigalian), Gamachot (Noaillan) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 18.G–O): D–F. MZB 50573, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (D), ventral (E) and lateral (F) views; G–I. MZB 50574, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (G), ventral (H) and frontal (I) views; J–L. MZB 50575, tail valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views.	FIGURE 113. Lepidochitona leognanensis (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917), France, Aquitaine Basin. A–C. Lariey (Saucats), Miocene (Aquitanian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 18.A–B, 18.D): A–B. JFL, intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (A) and frontal (B) views; C. JFL, intermediate valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal view. D–L. Miocene (Burdigalian), Gamachot (Noaillan) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 18.G–O): D–F. MZB 50573, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (D), ventral (E) and lateral (F) views; G–I. MZB 50574, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (G), ventral (H) and frontal (I) views; J–L. MZB 50575, tail valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF0E4EF20FADFA5B6A94915A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328021/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328021	FIGURE 114. Lepidochitona lira (Cherns & Schwabe, 2019), Abbesse (France), Oligocene (Chattian) (valves figured by Cherns & Schwabe 2019: figs 6O–P, R, T). A–B. Paratype ZSM Mol 20071428 B, head valve, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views; C–D. Holotype ZSM Mol 20071428 C, intermediate valve, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views.	FIGURE 114. Lepidochitona lira (Cherns & Schwabe, 2019), Abbesse (France), Oligocene (Chattian) (valves figured by Cherns & Schwabe 2019: figs 6O–P, R, T). A–B. Paratype ZSM Mol 20071428 B, head valve, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views; C–D. Holotype ZSM Mol 20071428 C, intermediate valve, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF0D4EF30FADFB39697E90C1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328025/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328025	FIGURE 115. Lepidochitona modesta (Rolle, 1862), Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian). A–C. Holotype NHMW 2011/0009/0001, intermediate valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2019: figs 6A–B, 6E). D. NHMW 2011/0009/0005, head valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2019: fig. 6F). E–G. Larrat, MHNBx 2020.3.8, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and frontal (G) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 20.A–C). H. MZB 50576, intermediate valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: fig. 20.D).	FIGURE 115. Lepidochitona modesta (Rolle, 1862), Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian). A–C. Holotype NHMW 2011/0009/0001, intermediate valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2019: figs 6A–B, 6E). D. NHMW 2011/0009/0005, head valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2019: fig. 6F). E–G. Larrat, MHNBx 2020.3.8, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and frontal (G) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 20.A–C). H. MZB 50576, intermediate valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: fig. 20.D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF0C4EF40FADF9DF6B59921D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328027/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328027	FIGURE 116. Lepidochitona nuda (Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020), Gaas (Larrat), France, Aquitaine Basin, Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 21.A, 21.C–F, 21.J–L). A–B. Paratype MHNBx 2020.1.3, head valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C–E. Paratype MHNBx 2020.1.4, intermediate valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (C), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Holotype MHNBx 2020.3.9, tail valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views.	FIGURE 116. Lepidochitona nuda (Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020), Gaas (Larrat), France, Aquitaine Basin, Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 21.A, 21.C–F, 21.J–L). A–B. Paratype MHNBx 2020.1.3, head valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C–E. Paratype MHNBx 2020.1.4, intermediate valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (C), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Holotype MHNBx 2020.3.9, tail valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF0B4EF60FADF8E06860919C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328031/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328031	FIGURE 117. Lepidochitona oligocaena (Rolle, 1862), Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian). A–D. Syntypes NHMW 1858/0018/0255 (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2019: figs 4A, 4D–F): A. NHMW 1858/0018/0255b, head valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal view; B–D. NHMW 1858/0018/0255e, intermediate valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (B) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (C). E–L. BD 941: E–F. Head valve, width 3.1 mm, dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views; G–I. Intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (G), ventral (H) and frontal (I) views; J–L. Tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. M–N. DA, intermediate valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (M) and frontal (N) views. O–P. AC, tail valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal (O) and ventral (P) views. Scale bar: 50 µm (C).	FIGURE 117. Lepidochitona oligocaena (Rolle, 1862), Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian). A–D. Syntypes NHMW 1858/0018/0255 (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2019: figs 4A, 4D–F): A. NHMW 1858/0018/0255b, head valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal view; B–D. NHMW 1858/0018/0255e, intermediate valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal (B) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (C). E–L. BD 941: E–F. Head valve, width 3.1 mm, dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views; G–I. Intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (G), ventral (H) and frontal (I) views; J–L. Tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. M–N. DA, intermediate valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (M) and frontal (N) views. O–P. AC, tail valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal (O) and ventral (P) views. Scale bar: 50 µm (C).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF0B4EF60FADF8E06860919C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328019/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328019	FIGURE 113. Lepidochitona leognanensis (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917), France, Aquitaine Basin. A–C. Lariey (Saucats), Miocene (Aquitanian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 18.A–B, 18.D): A–B. JFL, intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (A) and frontal (B) views; C. JFL, intermediate valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal view. D–L. Miocene (Burdigalian), Gamachot (Noaillan) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 18.G–O): D–F. MZB 50573, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (D), ventral (E) and lateral (F) views; G–I. MZB 50574, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (G), ventral (H) and frontal (I) views; J–L. MZB 50575, tail valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views.	FIGURE 113. Lepidochitona leognanensis (Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917), France, Aquitaine Basin. A–C. Lariey (Saucats), Miocene (Aquitanian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 18.A–B, 18.D): A–B. JFL, intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (A) and frontal (B) views; C. JFL, intermediate valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal view. D–L. Miocene (Burdigalian), Gamachot (Noaillan) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 18.G–O): D–F. MZB 50573, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (D), ventral (E) and lateral (F) views; G–I. MZB 50574, intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (G), ventral (H) and frontal (I) views; J–L. MZB 50575, tail valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF094EF70FADFB60685E900D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328033/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328033	FIGURE 118. Lepidochitona redoniensis (Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018), Saint-Clément-de-la- Place, Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 20.A–C, 20.J, 20.L–O). A–C. Holotype, MNHN. F.A67131, intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views. D. Paratype 1, MNHN.F.A67134, head valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal view. E–F. MNHN.F.A67137, intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views. G–H. Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A67136, tail valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views.	FIGURE 118. Lepidochitona redoniensis (Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018), Saint-Clément-de-la- Place, Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 20.A–C, 20.J, 20.L–O). A–C. Holotype, MNHN. F.A67131, intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views. D. Paratype 1, MNHN.F.A67134, head valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal view. E–F. MNHN.F.A67137, intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views. G–H. Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A67136, tail valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF084EF90FADFA13686094C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328037/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328037	FIGURE119.Lepidochitonareussi(Rolle,1862),Gaas(France),Oligocene(Rupelian).A–B.SyntypeNHMW2011/0009/0003c, intermediate valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal (A) and frontal (B) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2019: figs 5J–K). C–E. Syntype NHMW 2011/0009/0003b, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (C) and lateral (E) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (D) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2019: figs 5L–M, 5O). F–H. MHNBx 2020.3.4, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (F) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (G) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 11.E, 11.G–H). I. BD 942, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view. J–L. JCV, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (J), lateral (K) and posterior (L) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 11.P, 11.R). Scale bars: 50 µm (D, G).	FIGURE119.Lepidochitonareussi(Rolle,1862),Gaas(France),Oligocene(Rupelian).A–B.SyntypeNHMW2011/0009/0003c, intermediate valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal (A) and frontal (B) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2019: figs 5J–K). C–E. Syntype NHMW 2011/0009/0003b, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (C) and lateral (E) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (D) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2019: figs 5L–M, 5O). F–H. MHNBx 2020.3.4, intermediate valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (F) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (G) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 11.E, 11.G–H). I. BD 942, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view. J–L. JCV, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (J), lateral (K) and posterior (L) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 11.P, 11.R). Scale bars: 50 µm (D, G).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF064EFA0FADFDAB6A949490.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328039/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328039	FIGURE 120. Lepidochitona rochae Dell’Angelo, Landau, Silva & Sosso, 2022, Vale de Freixo (Portugal), Pliocene-Pleistocene. A–D. Holotype RGM.1364017, intermediate valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (A–B), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2022: figs 9.1–9.3). E–H. GeoFCUL VFX.03.361, intermediate valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (F). Scale bar: 20 µm (F).	FIGURE 120. Lepidochitona rochae Dell’Angelo, Landau, Silva & Sosso, 2022, Vale de Freixo (Portugal), Pliocene-Pleistocene. A–D. Holotype RGM.1364017, intermediate valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (A–B), ventral (C) and frontal (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2022: figs 9.1–9.3). E–H. GeoFCUL VFX.03.361, intermediate valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (F). Scale bar: 20 µm (F).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF054EFB0FADFE6C6B599604.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328043/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328043	FIGURE 121. Lepidochitona tarbelliana Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 12.A–C, 13.E, 13.G–K). A–C. MHNBx 2014.14.23.1 (Benoist collection, labeled Tonicia gaasensis), intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views. D–F. MHNBx 2020.1.8, head valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (D) and lateral (F) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (E). G–I. Holotype MHNBx 2020.2.4, intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (I) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (H). J–L. Paratype MHNBx 2020.2.5, tail valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 50 µm (E, H).	FIGURE 121. Lepidochitona tarbelliana Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 12.A–C, 13.E, 13.G–K). A–C. MHNBx 2014.14.23.1 (Benoist collection, labeled Tonicia gaasensis), intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views. D–F. MHNBx 2020.1.8, head valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (D) and lateral (F) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (E). G–I. Holotype MHNBx 2020.2.4, intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (I) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (H). J–L. Paratype MHNBx 2020.2.5, tail valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 50 µm (E, H).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF044EFB0FADFC186B5992C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328046/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328046	FIGURE 122. Lepidochitona tessellata Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 10.A–F, 10.I–L, 10.O). A–C. Paratype MHNBx 2020.3.2, head valve, width 4.1 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views. D. JCV, intermediate valve, width 6.5 mm, dorsal view. E–H. Paratype MHNBx 2020.3.3, intermediate valve, width 5 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (F). I–L. Holotype MHNBx 2020.3.1, tail valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (J) and lateral (K) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the postmucronal area (L). Scale bars: 50 µm (F, L).	FIGURE 122. Lepidochitona tessellata Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 10.A–F, 10.I–L, 10.O). A–C. Paratype MHNBx 2020.3.2, head valve, width 4.1 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views. D. JCV, intermediate valve, width 6.5 mm, dorsal view. E–H. Paratype MHNBx 2020.3.3, intermediate valve, width 5 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (G) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (F). I–L. Holotype MHNBx 2020.3.1, tail valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (J) and lateral (K) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the postmucronal area (L). Scale bars: 50 µm (F, L).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF034EFD0FADFB546B599104.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328048/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328048	FIGURE 123. Lepidochitona vancuycki Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 15.A–D). A–D. Holotype MHNBx 2020.3.7, intermediate valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (D). Scale bar: 100 μm (D).	FIGURE 123. Lepidochitona vancuycki Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 15.A–D). A–D. Holotype MHNBx 2020.3.7, intermediate valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and frontal (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (D). Scale bar: 100 μm (D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF014EE00FADF90B6B69947C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328050/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328050	FIGURE 124. Lepidochitona baluki Macioszcsyk, 1988, Middle Miocene. A–C. Węglinek (Poland) (valves figured by Macioszcsyk 1988: pl. 3, figs 10–12): A. Holotype MZ VIII Ma-65, head valve, width 1.3 mm, dorsal view; B. MZ VIII Ma- 72, intermediate valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view; C. MZ VIII Ma-108, tail valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal view. D–I. Velyka Levada (Ukraine), BD 946: D–E. Intermediate valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal view (D) and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central/lateral areas (E) (valve lost during photography); F–I. Intermediate valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (H) and frontal (I) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (G). J–L. Varovtsi (Ukraine), BD 945, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (E, G).	FIGURE 124. Lepidochitona baluki Macioszcsyk, 1988, Middle Miocene. A–C. Węglinek (Poland) (valves figured by Macioszcsyk 1988: pl. 3, figs 10–12): A. Holotype MZ VIII Ma-65, head valve, width 1.3 mm, dorsal view; B. MZ VIII Ma- 72, intermediate valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view; C. MZ VIII Ma-108, tail valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal view. D–I. Velyka Levada (Ukraine), BD 946: D–E. Intermediate valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal view (D) and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central/lateral areas (E) (valve lost during photography); F–I. Intermediate valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (H) and frontal (I) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of central area (G). J–L. Varovtsi (Ukraine), BD 945, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 µm (E, G).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF1F4EE20FADFE006F5C9044.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328052/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328052	FIGURE 125. Lepidochitona lepida (Reuss, 1860), Middle Miocene. A–C, I–L. Varovtsi (Ukraine), BD 947: A–C. Head valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); I–J. intermediate valve, width 4.4 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (J); K–L. tail valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal (K) and frontal (L) views. D. Varpalota (Hungary), BD 949, head valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view. E–H, M–P. Kostej (Romania): E–H. NHMV 2010/0256/0018, intermediate valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central (F) and lateral (G) areas; M–P. NHMV 2010/0256/0021, tail valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (M) and lateral (P) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the antemucronal (N, O) and postmucronal (N) areas. Scale bars: 100 µm (B, F, G, N), 50 µm (J), 10 µm (O).	FIGURE 125. Lepidochitona lepida (Reuss, 1860), Middle Miocene. A–C, I–L. Varovtsi (Ukraine), BD 947: A–C. Head valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (B); I–J. intermediate valve, width 4.4 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (J); K–L. tail valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal (K) and frontal (L) views. D. Varpalota (Hungary), BD 949, head valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal view. E–H, M–P. Kostej (Romania): E–H. NHMV 2010/0256/0018, intermediate valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central (F) and lateral (G) areas; M–P. NHMV 2010/0256/0021, tail valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (M) and lateral (P) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the antemucronal (N, O) and postmucronal (N) areas. Scale bars: 100 µm (B, F, G, N), 50 µm (J), 10 µm (O).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF1D4EE30FADFA586BF69204.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328058/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328058	FIGURE 126. Lepidochitona kieli sp. nov., Varovtsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene. A–E. Holotype MSNG 62665, intermediate valve, width 5.5 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central (B) and lateral (C) areas. F–H. Paratype 2, MNHN.F.A98478, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (F) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (G). I–J. BD 950, Head valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation (J) (valve lost during photography). K–L. Paratype 1, MSNG 62666, tail valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal view (K) and close-up of surface ornamentation (L). Scale bars: 100 µm (B, L), 50 µm (C, J), 40 µm (G).	FIGURE 126. Lepidochitona kieli sp. nov., Varovtsi (Ukraine), Middle Miocene. A–E. Holotype MSNG 62665, intermediate valve, width 5.5 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central (B) and lateral (C) areas. F–H. Paratype 2, MNHN.F.A98478, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (F) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the central area (G). I–J. BD 950, Head valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal view (I) and close-up of surface ornamentation (J) (valve lost during photography). K–L. Paratype 1, MSNG 62666, tail valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal view (K) and close-up of surface ornamentation (L). Scale bars: 100 µm (B, L), 50 µm (C, J), 40 µm (G).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF1B4EE40FADFF05694692C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328060/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328060	FIGURE 127. Lepidochitona subgranosa Bałuk, 1971, Middle Miocene. A–B. Korytnica (Poland): A. Holotype BkK-A26, tail valve, dorsal view (valve figured by Bałuk 1971: pl. 4, fig. 5); B. intermediate valve, dorsal view (valve figured by Bałuk 1984: pl. 7, fig. 4). C–D. Nawodzice (Poland) (valves figured by Studencka & Studencki 1988: pl. 2, figs 2, 4): C. Head valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal view; D. Tail valve, width 1.6 mm, dorsal view.	FIGURE 127. Lepidochitona subgranosa Bałuk, 1971, Middle Miocene. A–B. Korytnica (Poland): A. Holotype BkK-A26, tail valve, dorsal view (valve figured by Bałuk 1971: pl. 4, fig. 5); B. intermediate valve, dorsal view (valve figured by Bałuk 1984: pl. 7, fig. 4). C–D. Nawodzice (Poland) (valves figured by Studencka & Studencki 1988: pl. 2, figs 2, 4): C. Head valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal view; D. Tail valve, width 1.6 mm, dorsal view.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF194EE70FADFDA569C593A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328062/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328062	FIGURE 128. Lepidochitona corrugis (Boettger, 1869), Ormoy-La-Rivière (Paris Basin, France), Oligocene (Rupelian), BD 951. A–B. Head valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C–D. Intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views. E–G. Intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and frontal (G) views. H. Head valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view. I–J. Intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (I) and frontal (J) views. K–L. Tail valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views.	FIGURE 128. Lepidochitona corrugis (Boettger, 1869), Ormoy-La-Rivière (Paris Basin, France), Oligocene (Rupelian), BD 951. A–B. Head valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C–D. Intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views. E–G. Intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and frontal (G) views. H. Head valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view. I–J. Intermediate valve, width 3.5 mm, dorsal (I) and frontal (J) views. K–L. Tail valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (K) and lateral (L) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF184EE90FADF9736F789458.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328068/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328068	FIGURE 129. Lepidochitona tenuissima (Sandberger, 1859). A–B, H. Glimmerode (Germany), Oligocene (Rupelian), BD 954: A–B. Head valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views; H. Tail valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal view. C–D, G. Gienberg (Germany), Oligocene (Rupelian), BD 955: C–D. Intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views; G. Intermediate valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal view. E–F. Abesse (Saint-Paul-les-Dax, France), Oligocene (Chattian), MZB 50577, intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 22.D, 22.F).	FIGURE 129. Lepidochitona tenuissima (Sandberger, 1859). A–B, H. Glimmerode (Germany), Oligocene (Rupelian), BD 954: A–B. Head valve, width 2.3 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views; H. Tail valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal view. C–D, G. Gienberg (Germany), Oligocene (Rupelian), BD 955: C–D. Intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views; G. Intermediate valve, width 2.7 mm, dorsal view. E–F. Abesse (Saint-Paul-les-Dax, France), Oligocene (Chattian), MZB 50577, intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 22.D, 22.F).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF164EEB0FADFC406F4D9604.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328070/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328070	FIGURE 130. Boreochiton ruber (Linnaeus, 1767). A–K. Capraia Island-Capo Corso -350/500 m (Italy), late Quaternary biocoenoses of the last Glacial Period, BD 957: A. Head valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal view; B–C. Intermediate valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (B) and frontal (C) views; D. Intermediate valve, close-up of surface ornamentation (valve figured by Sirenko & Dell’Angelo 2023: fig. 1E); E–F. Intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views; G–H. Intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views; I–K. Tail valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (J) and lateral (K) views. L. Gallina (Reggio Calabria), Pleistocene, BD 958, intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view. Scale bar: 100 µm (D).	FIGURE 130. Boreochiton ruber (Linnaeus, 1767). A–K. Capraia Island-Capo Corso -350/500 m (Italy), late Quaternary biocoenoses of the last Glacial Period, BD 957: A. Head valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal view; B–C. Intermediate valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal (B) and frontal (C) views; D. Intermediate valve, close-up of surface ornamentation (valve figured by Sirenko & Dell’Angelo 2023: fig. 1E); E–F. Intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views; G–H. Intermediate valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views; I–K. Tail valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (J) and lateral (K) views. L. Gallina (Reggio Calabria), Pleistocene, BD 958, intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view. Scale bar: 100 µm (D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF144EEC0FADFC196E69906A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328072/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328072	FIGURE 131. Tonicella marmorea (Fabricius, 1780), White Sea, Kandalaksha Bay, Recent, BD 959. A–B. Head valve, width 4.2 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C–E. Intermediate valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal (C), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views.	FIGURE 131. Tonicella marmorea (Fabricius, 1780), White Sea, Kandalaksha Bay, Recent, BD 959. A–B. Head valve, width 4.2 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C–E. Intermediate valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal (C), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FF104F100FADFC186A9A9343.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328074/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328074	FIGURE 132. Acanthochitona andegavensis Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018. A–G. Saint-Clémentde-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 22A–C, 22G, 22I–J, 22L): A. Paratype 13, RGM.1008416, head valve, width 3 mm, dorsal view; B–C. Paratype 5, MNHN.F.A67153, intermediate valve, width 6 mm, dorsal (B) and frontal (C) views; D. Paratype 8, NHMW 2017/0108/0050, intermediate valve, width 6 mm, closeup of surface ornamentation; E–F. Holotype, MNHN.F.A67148, tail valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views; G. Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A67151, tail valve, width 4.4 mm, close-up of surface ornamentation. H. Borzoli (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), BD 960, intermediate valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2021: fig. 163). Scale bars: 200 μm (G), 100 μm (D).	FIGURE 132. Acanthochitona andegavensis Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018. A–G. Saint-Clémentde-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 22A–C, 22G, 22I–J, 22L): A. Paratype 13, RGM.1008416, head valve, width 3 mm, dorsal view; B–C. Paratype 5, MNHN.F.A67153, intermediate valve, width 6 mm, dorsal (B) and frontal (C) views; D. Paratype 8, NHMW 2017/0108/0050, intermediate valve, width 6 mm, closeup of surface ornamentation; E–F. Holotype, MNHN.F.A67148, tail valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal (E) and lateral (F) views; G. Paratype 3, MNHN.F.A67151, tail valve, width 4.4 mm, close-up of surface ornamentation. H. Borzoli (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), BD 960, intermediate valve, width 3.7 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2021: fig. 163). Scale bars: 200 μm (G), 100 μm (D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEEF4F110FADF95D696592C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328076/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328076	FIGURE 133. Acanthochitona chauvereauensis Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Saint-Clément-dela-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 23A–D, 23F–G, 23J, 23L). A. Paratype 1, MNHN.F.A67158, head valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal view. B–C. Paratype 2, MNHN.F.A67159, intermediate valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal view (B) and close-up of surface ornamentation (C). D–E. Paratype 8, NHMW 2017/0108/0058, intermediate valve, width 3.9 mm, dorsal (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Holotype, MNHN.F.A67157, tail valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bar: 500 μm (C).	FIGURE 133. Acanthochitona chauvereauensis Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Saint-Clément-dela-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 23A–D, 23F–G, 23J, 23L). A. Paratype 1, MNHN.F.A67158, head valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal view. B–C. Paratype 2, MNHN.F.A67159, intermediate valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal view (B) and close-up of surface ornamentation (C). D–E. Paratype 8, NHMW 2017/0108/0058, intermediate valve, width 3.9 mm, dorsal (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Holotype, MNHN.F.A67157, tail valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bar: 500 μm (C).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEED4F140FADFF056E7990FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328080/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328080	FIGURE 134. Acanthochitona crinita (Pennant, 1777). A. Maureilhan (France), Miocene (Burdigalian), BD 962, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: fig. 25.C). B–D, J–L. Gamachot (France), Miocene (Burdigalian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 25.D–F, 25.J–L): B–D. MZB 50581, intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (B) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (C); J–L. MZB 50582, tail valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L). E–F. Albugnano (Italy), Miocene (Langhian), MZB 32109, intermediate valve, width 5.5 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation (F) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 5, figs 14–15). G–I. Bussana (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean): G–H. MZB 45767, intermediate valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view (G) and close-up of surface ornamentation (H) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 10, fig. I–J); I. BD 969, tail valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal view. Scale bars: 250 μm (F), 200 μm (C), 80 μm (H).	FIGURE 134. Acanthochitona crinita (Pennant, 1777). A. Maureilhan (France), Miocene (Burdigalian), BD 962, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: fig. 25.C). B–D, J–L. Gamachot (France), Miocene (Burdigalian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 25.D–F, 25.J–L): B–D. MZB 50581, intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (B) and frontal (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (C); J–L. MZB 50582, tail valve, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L). E–F. Albugnano (Italy), Miocene (Langhian), MZB 32109, intermediate valve, width 5.5 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation (F) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 5, figs 14–15). G–I. Bussana (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean): G–H. MZB 45767, intermediate valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view (G) and close-up of surface ornamentation (H) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 10, fig. I–J); I. BD 969, tail valve, width 1.8 mm, dorsal view. Scale bars: 250 μm (F), 200 μm (C), 80 μm (H).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEEB4F180FADF98068EF94B4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328082/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328082	FIGURE135.Acanthochitona faluniensis (de Rochebrune,1882),Middle Miocene(Badenian).A–B. Lăpugiu deSus (Romania), NHMW 2010/0256/0015, head valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). C–H. Varovtsi (Ukraine), BD 1019: C–D. Intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation (D); E–F. Intermediate valve, width 4.8 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views; G–H. Intermediate valve, width 7.5 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views. I–L. Kostej (Romania), NHMW 2010/0256/0023, tail valve, width 1.6 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (J) and lateral (L) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (K). M–N. Varovtsi (Ukraine), BD 1019: Tail valve, width 4.9 mm, dorsal (M) and lateral (N) views. O–P. Acanthochitona sp. I (Šulc, 1934), Hrusovany (Czech Republic), Middle Miocene (Badenian), NHMW 1861/0011/0202, intermediate valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal view (O), and close-up of surface ornamentation of lateral area (P). Scale bars: 150 μm (D); 100 μm (B, K, P).	FIGURE135.Acanthochitona faluniensis (de Rochebrune,1882),Middle Miocene(Badenian).A–B. Lăpugiu deSus (Romania), NHMW 2010/0256/0015, head valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). C–H. Varovtsi (Ukraine), BD 1019: C–D. Intermediate valve, width 3.4 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation (D); E–F. Intermediate valve, width 4.8 mm, dorsal (E) and frontal (F) views; G–H. Intermediate valve, width 7.5 mm, dorsal (G) and frontal (H) views. I–L. Kostej (Romania), NHMW 2010/0256/0023, tail valve, width 1.6 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (J) and lateral (L) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (K). M–N. Varovtsi (Ukraine), BD 1019: Tail valve, width 4.9 mm, dorsal (M) and lateral (N) views. O–P. Acanthochitona sp. I (Šulc, 1934), Hrusovany (Czech Republic), Middle Miocene (Badenian), NHMW 1861/0011/0202, intermediate valve, width 5.2 mm, dorsal view (O), and close-up of surface ornamentation of lateral area (P). Scale bars: 150 μm (D); 100 μm (B, K, P).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEE74F1B0FADFE48683E9140.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328086/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328086	FIGURE 136. Acanthochitona fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767). A–B. Gamachot (France), Miocene (Burdigalian), MZB 50578, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 24.A, 24.C). C–D. Carré (France), Miocene (Serravallian), MZB 50579, intermediate valve, width 4.2 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 24.D, 24.F). E–F. Rio S. Antonino (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), BD 1035, intermediate valve, width 3.1 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation (F). G–H. Kyllini (Greece), Pleistocene, DGUP, intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (G) and close-up of surface ornamentation (H) (valve figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 5, figs 1, 3). I–L. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32105, tail valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (J) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 5, fig. 10). Scale bars: 300 μm (J),100 μm (H), 40 μm (F).	FIGURE 136. Acanthochitona fascicularis (Linnaeus, 1767). A–B. Gamachot (France), Miocene (Burdigalian), MZB 50578, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 24.A, 24.C). C–D. Carré (France), Miocene (Serravallian), MZB 50579, intermediate valve, width 4.2 mm, dorsal (C) and frontal (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 24.D, 24.F). E–F. Rio S. Antonino (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), BD 1035, intermediate valve, width 3.1 mm, dorsal view (E) and close-up of surface ornamentation (F). G–H. Kyllini (Greece), Pleistocene, DGUP, intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (G) and close-up of surface ornamentation (H) (valve figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 5, figs 1, 3). I–L. Rio di Bocca d’Asino (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32105, tail valve, width 2.4 mm, dorsal (I), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (J) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 5, fig. 10). Scale bars: 300 μm (J),100 μm (H), 40 μm (F).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEE44F1C0FADFB5C683A9378.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328088/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328088	FIGURE 137. Acanthochitona globosa Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 21A–G, 21J). A–B. Paratype 1, MNHN. F.A67139, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). C–D. Paratype 2, MNHN. F.A67140, intermediate valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation (D). E. MNHN.F.A67145, intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view. F–H. Holotype, RGM.1008383, tail valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, D).	FIGURE 137. Acanthochitona globosa Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans, 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: figs 21A–G, 21J). A–B. Paratype 1, MNHN. F.A67139, head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B). C–D. Paratype 2, MNHN. F.A67140, intermediate valve, width 3.8 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation (D). E. MNHN.F.A67145, intermediate valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view. F–H. Holotype, RGM.1008383, tail valve, width 3.3 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEE34F1D0FADF9056FFB900C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328092/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328092	FIGURE 138. Acanthochitona mathiasi sp. nov. Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian). A–D. Holotype MZB 32107, tail valve, width 7.5 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of tegmental area (D).	FIGURE 138. Acanthochitona mathiasi sp. nov. Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian). A–D. Holotype MZB 32107, tail valve, width 7.5 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of tegmental area (D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEE24F1E0FADFA106846929A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328094/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328094	FIGURE 139. Acanthochitona oblonga (Leloup, 1981). A–B. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32114, intermediate valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, figs 3–4). C–D. Bussana (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45770, intermediate valve, width 1.3 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation (D) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 10, figs P–Q). E–H. S. Foca (Italy), Recent, BD 3811: E. Head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view; F. Intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal view; G–H. Tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bars: 200 μm (B); 80 μm (D).	FIGURE 139. Acanthochitona oblonga (Leloup, 1981). A–B. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32114, intermediate valve, width 2.1 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, figs 3–4). C–D. Bussana (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45770, intermediate valve, width 1.3 mm, dorsal view (C) and close-up of surface ornamentation (D) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 10, figs P–Q). E–H. S. Foca (Italy), Recent, BD 3811: E. Head valve, width 2.5 mm, dorsal view; F. Intermediate valve, width 3.6 mm, dorsal view; G–H. Tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views. Scale bars: 200 μm (B); 80 μm (D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEE04F000FADFF056BA79490.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328096/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328096	FIGURE 140. Acanthochitona plana (Šulc, 1934), Middle Miocene (Badenian). A–H. Pötzleinsdorf (Austria): A–E. Holotype NHMW 2010/0256/0001, intermediate valve, width 4.2 mm, dorsal (A) and frontal (E) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (B–D); F–H. NHMW 2010/0256/0008, intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (F) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (G). I–J. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), BD 1156, intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (I) and ventral (J) views. K–L. Letkés (Hungary), BD 1157, intermediate valve, width 7.4 mm, dorsal (K) and ventral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, C, G); 50 μm (D).	FIGURE 140. Acanthochitona plana (Šulc, 1934), Middle Miocene (Badenian). A–H. Pötzleinsdorf (Austria): A–E. Holotype NHMW 2010/0256/0001, intermediate valve, width 4.2 mm, dorsal (A) and frontal (E) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (B–D); F–H. NHMW 2010/0256/0008, intermediate valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (F) and frontal (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (G). I–J. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), BD 1156, intermediate valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (I) and ventral (J) views. K–L. Letkés (Hungary), BD 1157, intermediate valve, width 7.4 mm, dorsal (K) and ventral (L) views. Scale bars: 100 μm (B, C, G); 50 μm (D).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEFF4F010FADFE6C6F309016.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328098/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328098	FIGURE 141. Acanthochitona sandeciana Bałuk, 1965, Middle Miocene (Badenian). A–C. Niskowa (Poland), syntypes in the Bałuk’s collection (valves figured by Bałuk 1965, pl. 1, figs 9–11): A. Head valve, dorsal view; B. Intermediate valve, dorsal view; C. Tail valve, dorsal view. D–E. Bánd (Hungary), BD 1158, intermediate valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), NHMW 2010/0256/0008 [as Acanthochitona planus (Šulc, 1934)], tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (F) and lateral (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (G). Scale bar: 100 μm (G).	FIGURE 141. Acanthochitona sandeciana Bałuk, 1965, Middle Miocene (Badenian). A–C. Niskowa (Poland), syntypes in the Bałuk’s collection (valves figured by Bałuk 1965, pl. 1, figs 9–11): A. Head valve, dorsal view; B. Intermediate valve, dorsal view; C. Tail valve, dorsal view. D–E. Bánd (Hungary), BD 1158, intermediate valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Pötzleinsdorf (Austria), NHMW 2010/0256/0008 [as Acanthochitona planus (Šulc, 1934)], tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal (F) and lateral (H) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal area (G). Scale bar: 100 μm (G).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEFE4F060FADFAEF694893A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328100/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328100	FIGURE 142. Craspedochiton altavillensis (Seguenza, 1876). A–B. Kyllini (Greece), Pleistocene, DGUP, head valve, width 3 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B) (valve figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 5, figs 7, 9). C. Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32120, intermediate valve, width 7 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 9). D. Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 1135, intermediate valve, width 23 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2012: fig. 6.H). E–G. Dattilo (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 1137, intermediate valve, width 8.3 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and frontal (G) views. H–I. Borzoli (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), BD 1117, tail valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal (H) and lateral (I) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2021: figs 171, 173). J–L. Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 1135, tail valve, width 7 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. M–O. Craspedochiton profascicularis (Boettger, 1905), Forchtenau (Austria), middle Miocene, NHMV 1866/0001/1209: M. Head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view; N–O. Intermediate valve, width 7.2 mm, dorsal view (N) and close-up of surface ornamentation (O). P. Cryptoconchus (Craspedoplax) sp. I Šulc, 1934, Valle Andona (Italy), Pliocene, NHMV 1877A/0018/0088, tail valve, width 8.5 mm, dorsal view. Scale bars: 200 μm (B, O).	FIGURE 142. Craspedochiton altavillensis (Seguenza, 1876). A–B. Kyllini (Greece), Pleistocene, DGUP, head valve, width 3 mm, dorsal view (A) and close-up of surface ornamentation (B) (valve figured by Garilli et al. 2005: pl. 5, figs 7, 9). C. Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32120, intermediate valve, width 7 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 9). D. Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 1135, intermediate valve, width 23 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2012: fig. 6.H). E–G. Dattilo (Italy), Pleistocene, BD 1137, intermediate valve, width 8.3 mm, dorsal (E), ventral (F) and frontal (G) views. H–I. Borzoli (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), BD 1117, tail valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal (H) and lateral (I) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2021: figs 171, 173). J–L. Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 1135, tail valve, width 7 mm, dorsal (J), ventral (K) and lateral (L) views. M–O. Craspedochiton profascicularis (Boettger, 1905), Forchtenau (Austria), middle Miocene, NHMV 1866/0001/1209: M. Head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view; N–O. Intermediate valve, width 7.2 mm, dorsal view (N) and close-up of surface ornamentation (O). P. Cryptoconchus (Craspedoplax) sp. I Šulc, 1934, Valle Andona (Italy), Pliocene, NHMV 1877A/0018/0088, tail valve, width 8.5 mm, dorsal view. Scale bars: 200 μm (B, O).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEFE4F060FADFAEF694893A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328104/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328104	FIGURE 143. Craspedochiton brunettii Dell’Angelo, Giuntelli, Sosso & Zunino, 2016, Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian). A–D. Holotype MGPT-PU 135300, tail valve, width 9.5 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the postmucronal area (B) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 7, figs 9–12).	FIGURE 143. Craspedochiton brunettii Dell’Angelo, Giuntelli, Sosso & Zunino, 2016, Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian). A–D. Holotype MGPT-PU 135300, tail valve, width 9.5 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the postmucronal area (B) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 7, figs 9–12).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEF94F070FADF9786B6B90C5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328104/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328104	FIGURE 143. Craspedochiton brunettii Dell’Angelo, Giuntelli, Sosso & Zunino, 2016, Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian). A–D. Holotype MGPT-PU 135300, tail valve, width 9.5 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the postmucronal area (B) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 7, figs 9–12).	FIGURE 143. Craspedochiton brunettii Dell’Angelo, Giuntelli, Sosso & Zunino, 2016, Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian). A–D. Holotype MGPT-PU 135300, tail valve, width 9.5 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of the postmucronal area (B) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 7, figs 9–12).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEF84F080FADF9D86BBD9115.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328106/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328106	FIGURE 144. Craspedochiton fontlevensis Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Gamachot (France), Aquitaine Basin, Miocene (Burdigalian). A–D. Holotype MHNBx 2020.4.1, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (A–B), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 30.A–C).	FIGURE 144. Craspedochiton fontlevensis Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Gamachot (France), Aquitaine Basin, Miocene (Burdigalian). A–D. Holotype MHNBx 2020.4.1, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (A–B), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 30.A–C).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEF74F090FADFBEB6B5991FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328108/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328108	FIGURE 145. Craspedochiton lozoueti Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Gaas, Lagouarde (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 29.A–B, 29.D–F, 29.J–L). A–B. Paratype MHNBx 2020.1.6, head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C–E. Paratype MHNBx 2020.1.5, intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal (C), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Holotype MHNBx 2020.2.8, tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views.	FIGURE 145. Craspedochiton lozoueti Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020, Gaas, Lagouarde (France), Oligocene (Rupelian) (valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 29.A–B, 29.D–F, 29.J–L). A–B. Paratype MHNBx 2020.1.6, head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. C–E. Paratype MHNBx 2020.1.5, intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal (C), ventral (D) and frontal (E) views. F–H. Holotype MHNBx 2020.2.8, tail valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (F), ventral (G) and lateral (H) views.	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEF64F0A0FADFA866BBD9063.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328110/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328110	FIGURE 146. Craspedochiton marsanensis (Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020), Maureilhan (France), Miocene (Burdigalian). A–D. Holotype MZB 50583, tail valve, width 3.8 mm, postero-dorsal (A) and lateral (D) views (A), close-up of surface ornamentation of the jugal area (B), and of the four small insertion teeth at the posterior margin (C) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 27.A–B, 27.E, 27.G).	FIGURE 146. Craspedochiton marsanensis (Dell’Angelo, Lesport, Cluzaud & Sosso, 2020), Maureilhan (France), Miocene (Burdigalian). A–D. Holotype MZB 50583, tail valve, width 3.8 mm, postero-dorsal (A) and lateral (D) views (A), close-up of surface ornamentation of the jugal area (B), and of the four small insertion teeth at the posterior margin (C) (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: figs 27.A–B, 27.E, 27.G).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEF54F0B0FADFA3D68E49361.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328112/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328112	FIGURE 147. Craspedochiton minutulus Bałuk,1971, Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian)(valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, figs 20–21; pl. 7, figs 1–2, 5–8). A–B. MZB 32121, head valve, width 1.2 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C–D. MZB 32122, intermediate valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. E–H. MZB 32124, tail valve,width 1.1 mm, dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (G) and postmucronal (H) areas. Scale bars: 50 μm (G, H).	FIGURE 147. Craspedochiton minutulus Bałuk,1971, Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian)(valves figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, figs 20–21; pl. 7, figs 1–2, 5–8). A–B. MZB 32121, head valve, width 1.2 mm, dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C–D. MZB 32122, intermediate valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. E–H. MZB 32124, tail valve,width 1.1 mm, dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of antemucronal (G) and postmucronal (H) areas. Scale bars: 50 μm (G, H).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEF44F0D0FADF93C690797F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328114/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328114	FIGURE 148. Craspedochiton mutinocrassus (Sacco, 1897). A–B. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian): A. Syntype MPM 6090, head valve, width 22 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Sacco 1897: pl. 4, fig. 38); B. MPM 6090a, head valve, width 29 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Laghi 1977: pl. 4, fig. 3). C–D. Sciolze (Turin Hill, Italy), Miocene (Burdigalian), BS.105.04.001, head valve, width 10 mm, dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views (valve figured by Sacco 1897: pl. 4, fig. 33).	FIGURE 148. Craspedochiton mutinocrassus (Sacco, 1897). A–B. Montegibbio (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian): A. Syntype MPM 6090, head valve, width 22 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Sacco 1897: pl. 4, fig. 38); B. MPM 6090a, head valve, width 29 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Laghi 1977: pl. 4, fig. 3). C–D. Sciolze (Turin Hill, Italy), Miocene (Burdigalian), BS.105.04.001, head valve, width 10 mm, dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views (valve figured by Sacco 1897: pl. 4, fig. 33).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEF24F0E0FADFC8C69989698.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328118/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328118	FIGURE 149. Craspedochiton schafferi (Šulc, 1934), Niederleis (Austria), middle Miocene (Badenian). A–D. Holotype NHMW 1863/00015/0861, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (B). Scale bar: 100 μm (B).	FIGURE 149. Craspedochiton schafferi (Šulc, 1934), Niederleis (Austria), middle Miocene (Badenian). A–D. Holotype NHMW 1863/00015/0861, tail valve, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (C) and lateral (D) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of postmucronal area (B). Scale bar: 100 μm (B).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEF04F300FADFAE86BC690A9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328120/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328120	FIGURE 150. Cryptoplax lanceolatus Laghi, 1977, Montegibbio (Modena), Miocene (Tortonian). A. MPM 18972, head valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Laghi 1977: pl. 4, fig. 17a). B. Holotype MPM 18972, tail valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Laghi 1977: pl. 4, fig. 18). C–D. MZB 321331, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 7, figs 26–27).	FIGURE 150. Cryptoplax lanceolatus Laghi, 1977, Montegibbio (Modena), Miocene (Tortonian). A. MPM 18972, head valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Laghi 1977: pl. 4, fig. 17a). B. Holotype MPM 18972, tail valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Laghi 1977: pl. 4, fig. 18). C–D. MZB 321331, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 7, figs 26–27).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FECF4F320FADFA746F489108.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328122/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328122	FIGURE 151. Cryptoplax margitae Dulai, 2001. A. Carrière Vives (France), Miocene (Burdigalian), MZB 50586, head valve, width 1.3 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: fig. 31.A). B–C. Kostei (Romania), middle Miocene, NHMW 1869/0001/0797 (as Cryptoplax weinlandi Šulc, 1934), head valve, width 1.2 mm, dorsal view (B) and close-up of surface ornamentation (C). D–F. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), middle Miocene, NHMW 2010/0256/0031, intermediate valve, width 1.0 mm, dorsal (D) and lateral (E) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (F). G. Gamachot (France), Miocene (Burdigalian), MZB 50587, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: fig. 31.C). H. Bánd (Hungary), middle Miocene, BD 1142, intermediate valve, width 1.2 mm, dorsal view. Scale bars: 100 μm (C, F).	FIGURE 151. Cryptoplax margitae Dulai, 2001. A. Carrière Vives (France), Miocene (Burdigalian), MZB 50586, head valve, width 1.3 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: fig. 31.A). B–C. Kostei (Romania), middle Miocene, NHMW 1869/0001/0797 (as Cryptoplax weinlandi Šulc, 1934), head valve, width 1.2 mm, dorsal view (B) and close-up of surface ornamentation (C). D–F. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), middle Miocene, NHMW 2010/0256/0031, intermediate valve, width 1.0 mm, dorsal (D) and lateral (E) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation (F). G. Gamachot (France), Miocene (Burdigalian), MZB 50587, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2020b: fig. 31.C). H. Bánd (Hungary), middle Miocene, BD 1142, intermediate valve, width 1.2 mm, dorsal view. Scale bars: 100 μm (C, F).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FECF4F320FADFA746F489108.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328120/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328120	FIGURE 150. Cryptoplax lanceolatus Laghi, 1977, Montegibbio (Modena), Miocene (Tortonian). A. MPM 18972, head valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Laghi 1977: pl. 4, fig. 17a). B. Holotype MPM 18972, tail valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Laghi 1977: pl. 4, fig. 18). C–D. MZB 321331, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 7, figs 26–27).	FIGURE 150. Cryptoplax lanceolatus Laghi, 1977, Montegibbio (Modena), Miocene (Tortonian). A. MPM 18972, head valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Laghi 1977: pl. 4, fig. 17a). B. Holotype MPM 18972, tail valve, width 1.5 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Laghi 1977: pl. 4, fig. 18). C–D. MZB 321331, intermediate valve, width 3 mm, dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 7, figs 26–27).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FECD4F340FADFB146FED92C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328124/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328124	FIGURE 152. Cryptoplax weinlandi Šulc, 1934. A–C. Villa Monti (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32125, head valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 7, figs 13–15). D–F. Forchtenau (Austria), middle Miocene (Badenian), NHMW 1866/0001/1210, intermediate valve ii, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (D) and lateral (F) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of pleurolateral area (E). G–H. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), middle Miocene (Badenian), BD 1145, intermediate valve iii-vii, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2007: figs 5.g–h). I. Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32130, intermediate valve ii, width 3.7 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 7, fig. 17). J–M. Villa Monti (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian): J. BD 1154, intermediate valve, width 7.3 mm, dorsal view; K–M. MZB 32128, tail valve, width 6.6 mm, dorsal (K), ventral (L) and lateral (M) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 7, figs 21–23). Scale bar: 100 μm (E).	FIGURE 152. Cryptoplax weinlandi Šulc, 1934. A–C. Villa Monti (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32125, head valve, width 2.9 mm, dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 7, figs 13–15). D–F. Forchtenau (Austria), middle Miocene (Badenian), NHMW 1866/0001/1210, intermediate valve ii, width 2.6 mm, dorsal (D) and lateral (F) views, and close-up of surface ornamentation of pleurolateral area (E). G–H. Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania), middle Miocene (Badenian), BD 1145, intermediate valve iii-vii, width 2.8 mm, dorsal (G) and lateral (H) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2007: figs 5.g–h). I. Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32130, intermediate valve ii, width 3.7 mm, dorsal view (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 7, fig. 17). J–M. Villa Monti (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian): J. BD 1154, intermediate valve, width 7.3 mm, dorsal view; K–M. MZB 32128, tail valve, width 6.6 mm, dorsal (K), ventral (L) and lateral (M) views (valve figured by Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 7, figs 21–23). Scale bar: 100 μm (E).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FECD4F340FADFB146FED92C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328126/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328126	FIGURE 153. Species of unclear taxonomic position. A. Chiton octovalvis Woodward, 1830, Grignon (France), Eocene, articulated chiton (from Parkinson 1811: pl. 5, fig. 5). B–C. “Lepidopleurus” daubrei de Rochebrune, 1882, Mérignac (France), Miocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), tail valve, dorsal view (C) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 9). D. “Tonicia” wattebledi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 3). E. “Tonicia” gaasensis de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 2, fig. 7). F. “Tonicia” pustulifera de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 2). G–H. “Gymnoplax” gaudryi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (G), tail valve, dorsal view (H) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 6). I–J. “Gymnoplax” chalmasi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene,intermediate valve, dorsal view (I), tail valve, dorsal view (J) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 4). K. “Acanthochites” meunieri de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 4). L. Acanthochites dulignoni de Rochebrune, 1882, Largileyre (France), Miocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 5). M. Acanthochites woodi de Rochebrune, 1882, Sutton (U.K.), Pliocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from Wood 1848: pl. 20, fig. 9b as Chiton fascicularis?). N. “Chiton” damesi Koenen, 1892, Latdorf (Germany), lower Oligocene, tail valve, dorsal view (from Koenen 1892: pl. 59, fig. 23b). O–P. “Acantochiton” (sic) costatus Sacco, 1897, Turin hill (Italy), lower Miocene, tail valve, width 18.5 mm, dorsal (O) and posterior (P) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 18–19).	FIGURE 153. Species of unclear taxonomic position. A. Chiton octovalvis Woodward, 1830, Grignon (France), Eocene, articulated chiton (from Parkinson 1811: pl. 5, fig. 5). B–C. “Lepidopleurus” daubrei de Rochebrune, 1882, Mérignac (France), Miocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), tail valve, dorsal view (C) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 9). D. “Tonicia” wattebledi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 3). E. “Tonicia” gaasensis de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 2, fig. 7). F. “Tonicia” pustulifera de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 2). G–H. “Gymnoplax” gaudryi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (G), tail valve, dorsal view (H) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 6). I–J. “Gymnoplax” chalmasi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene,intermediate valve, dorsal view (I), tail valve, dorsal view (J) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 4). K. “Acanthochites” meunieri de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 4). L. Acanthochites dulignoni de Rochebrune, 1882, Largileyre (France), Miocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 5). M. Acanthochites woodi de Rochebrune, 1882, Sutton (U.K.), Pliocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from Wood 1848: pl. 20, fig. 9b as Chiton fascicularis?). N. “Chiton” damesi Koenen, 1892, Latdorf (Germany), lower Oligocene, tail valve, dorsal view (from Koenen 1892: pl. 59, fig. 23b). O–P. “Acantochiton” (sic) costatus Sacco, 1897, Turin hill (Italy), lower Miocene, tail valve, width 18.5 mm, dorsal (O) and posterior (P) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 18–19).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEC94F370FADFE24687A9622.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328126/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328126	FIGURE 153. Species of unclear taxonomic position. A. Chiton octovalvis Woodward, 1830, Grignon (France), Eocene, articulated chiton (from Parkinson 1811: pl. 5, fig. 5). B–C. “Lepidopleurus” daubrei de Rochebrune, 1882, Mérignac (France), Miocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), tail valve, dorsal view (C) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 9). D. “Tonicia” wattebledi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 3). E. “Tonicia” gaasensis de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 2, fig. 7). F. “Tonicia” pustulifera de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 2). G–H. “Gymnoplax” gaudryi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (G), tail valve, dorsal view (H) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 6). I–J. “Gymnoplax” chalmasi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene,intermediate valve, dorsal view (I), tail valve, dorsal view (J) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 4). K. “Acanthochites” meunieri de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 4). L. Acanthochites dulignoni de Rochebrune, 1882, Largileyre (France), Miocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 5). M. Acanthochites woodi de Rochebrune, 1882, Sutton (U.K.), Pliocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from Wood 1848: pl. 20, fig. 9b as Chiton fascicularis?). N. “Chiton” damesi Koenen, 1892, Latdorf (Germany), lower Oligocene, tail valve, dorsal view (from Koenen 1892: pl. 59, fig. 23b). O–P. “Acantochiton” (sic) costatus Sacco, 1897, Turin hill (Italy), lower Miocene, tail valve, width 18.5 mm, dorsal (O) and posterior (P) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 18–19).	FIGURE 153. Species of unclear taxonomic position. A. Chiton octovalvis Woodward, 1830, Grignon (France), Eocene, articulated chiton (from Parkinson 1811: pl. 5, fig. 5). B–C. “Lepidopleurus” daubrei de Rochebrune, 1882, Mérignac (France), Miocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), tail valve, dorsal view (C) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 9). D. “Tonicia” wattebledi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 3). E. “Tonicia” gaasensis de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 2, fig. 7). F. “Tonicia” pustulifera de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 2). G–H. “Gymnoplax” gaudryi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (G), tail valve, dorsal view (H) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 6). I–J. “Gymnoplax” chalmasi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene,intermediate valve, dorsal view (I), tail valve, dorsal view (J) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 4). K. “Acanthochites” meunieri de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 4). L. Acanthochites dulignoni de Rochebrune, 1882, Largileyre (France), Miocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 5). M. Acanthochites woodi de Rochebrune, 1882, Sutton (U.K.), Pliocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from Wood 1848: pl. 20, fig. 9b as Chiton fascicularis?). N. “Chiton” damesi Koenen, 1892, Latdorf (Germany), lower Oligocene, tail valve, dorsal view (from Koenen 1892: pl. 59, fig. 23b). O–P. “Acantochiton” (sic) costatus Sacco, 1897, Turin hill (Italy), lower Miocene, tail valve, width 18.5 mm, dorsal (O) and posterior (P) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 18–19).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEC84F370FADFCE26E9692FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328126/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328126	FIGURE 153. Species of unclear taxonomic position. A. Chiton octovalvis Woodward, 1830, Grignon (France), Eocene, articulated chiton (from Parkinson 1811: pl. 5, fig. 5). B–C. “Lepidopleurus” daubrei de Rochebrune, 1882, Mérignac (France), Miocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), tail valve, dorsal view (C) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 9). D. “Tonicia” wattebledi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 3). E. “Tonicia” gaasensis de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 2, fig. 7). F. “Tonicia” pustulifera de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 2). G–H. “Gymnoplax” gaudryi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (G), tail valve, dorsal view (H) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 6). I–J. “Gymnoplax” chalmasi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene,intermediate valve, dorsal view (I), tail valve, dorsal view (J) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 4). K. “Acanthochites” meunieri de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 4). L. Acanthochites dulignoni de Rochebrune, 1882, Largileyre (France), Miocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 5). M. Acanthochites woodi de Rochebrune, 1882, Sutton (U.K.), Pliocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from Wood 1848: pl. 20, fig. 9b as Chiton fascicularis?). N. “Chiton” damesi Koenen, 1892, Latdorf (Germany), lower Oligocene, tail valve, dorsal view (from Koenen 1892: pl. 59, fig. 23b). O–P. “Acantochiton” (sic) costatus Sacco, 1897, Turin hill (Italy), lower Miocene, tail valve, width 18.5 mm, dorsal (O) and posterior (P) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 18–19).	FIGURE 153. Species of unclear taxonomic position. A. Chiton octovalvis Woodward, 1830, Grignon (France), Eocene, articulated chiton (from Parkinson 1811: pl. 5, fig. 5). B–C. “Lepidopleurus” daubrei de Rochebrune, 1882, Mérignac (France), Miocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), tail valve, dorsal view (C) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 9). D. “Tonicia” wattebledi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 3). E. “Tonicia” gaasensis de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 2, fig. 7). F. “Tonicia” pustulifera de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 2). G–H. “Gymnoplax” gaudryi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (G), tail valve, dorsal view (H) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 6). I–J. “Gymnoplax” chalmasi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene,intermediate valve, dorsal view (I), tail valve, dorsal view (J) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 4). K. “Acanthochites” meunieri de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 4). L. Acanthochites dulignoni de Rochebrune, 1882, Largileyre (France), Miocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 5). M. Acanthochites woodi de Rochebrune, 1882, Sutton (U.K.), Pliocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from Wood 1848: pl. 20, fig. 9b as Chiton fascicularis?). N. “Chiton” damesi Koenen, 1892, Latdorf (Germany), lower Oligocene, tail valve, dorsal view (from Koenen 1892: pl. 59, fig. 23b). O–P. “Acantochiton” (sic) costatus Sacco, 1897, Turin hill (Italy), lower Miocene, tail valve, width 18.5 mm, dorsal (O) and posterior (P) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 18–19).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEC74F380FADFF056B2396AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328126/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328126	FIGURE 153. Species of unclear taxonomic position. A. Chiton octovalvis Woodward, 1830, Grignon (France), Eocene, articulated chiton (from Parkinson 1811: pl. 5, fig. 5). B–C. “Lepidopleurus” daubrei de Rochebrune, 1882, Mérignac (France), Miocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), tail valve, dorsal view (C) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 9). D. “Tonicia” wattebledi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 3). E. “Tonicia” gaasensis de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 2, fig. 7). F. “Tonicia” pustulifera de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 2). G–H. “Gymnoplax” gaudryi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (G), tail valve, dorsal view (H) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 6). I–J. “Gymnoplax” chalmasi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene,intermediate valve, dorsal view (I), tail valve, dorsal view (J) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 4). K. “Acanthochites” meunieri de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 4). L. Acanthochites dulignoni de Rochebrune, 1882, Largileyre (France), Miocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 5). M. Acanthochites woodi de Rochebrune, 1882, Sutton (U.K.), Pliocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from Wood 1848: pl. 20, fig. 9b as Chiton fascicularis?). N. “Chiton” damesi Koenen, 1892, Latdorf (Germany), lower Oligocene, tail valve, dorsal view (from Koenen 1892: pl. 59, fig. 23b). O–P. “Acantochiton” (sic) costatus Sacco, 1897, Turin hill (Italy), lower Miocene, tail valve, width 18.5 mm, dorsal (O) and posterior (P) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 18–19).	FIGURE 153. Species of unclear taxonomic position. A. Chiton octovalvis Woodward, 1830, Grignon (France), Eocene, articulated chiton (from Parkinson 1811: pl. 5, fig. 5). B–C. “Lepidopleurus” daubrei de Rochebrune, 1882, Mérignac (France), Miocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), tail valve, dorsal view (C) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 9). D. “Tonicia” wattebledi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 3). E. “Tonicia” gaasensis de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 2, fig. 7). F. “Tonicia” pustulifera de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 2). G–H. “Gymnoplax” gaudryi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (G), tail valve, dorsal view (H) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 6). I–J. “Gymnoplax” chalmasi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene,intermediate valve, dorsal view (I), tail valve, dorsal view (J) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 4). K. “Acanthochites” meunieri de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 4). L. Acanthochites dulignoni de Rochebrune, 1882, Largileyre (France), Miocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 5). M. Acanthochites woodi de Rochebrune, 1882, Sutton (U.K.), Pliocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from Wood 1848: pl. 20, fig. 9b as Chiton fascicularis?). N. “Chiton” damesi Koenen, 1892, Latdorf (Germany), lower Oligocene, tail valve, dorsal view (from Koenen 1892: pl. 59, fig. 23b). O–P. “Acantochiton” (sic) costatus Sacco, 1897, Turin hill (Italy), lower Miocene, tail valve, width 18.5 mm, dorsal (O) and posterior (P) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 18–19).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEC74F390FADFC706E279008.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328126/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328126	FIGURE 153. Species of unclear taxonomic position. A. Chiton octovalvis Woodward, 1830, Grignon (France), Eocene, articulated chiton (from Parkinson 1811: pl. 5, fig. 5). B–C. “Lepidopleurus” daubrei de Rochebrune, 1882, Mérignac (France), Miocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), tail valve, dorsal view (C) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 9). D. “Tonicia” wattebledi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 3). E. “Tonicia” gaasensis de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 2, fig. 7). F. “Tonicia” pustulifera de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 2). G–H. “Gymnoplax” gaudryi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (G), tail valve, dorsal view (H) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 6). I–J. “Gymnoplax” chalmasi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene,intermediate valve, dorsal view (I), tail valve, dorsal view (J) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 4). K. “Acanthochites” meunieri de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 4). L. Acanthochites dulignoni de Rochebrune, 1882, Largileyre (France), Miocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 5). M. Acanthochites woodi de Rochebrune, 1882, Sutton (U.K.), Pliocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from Wood 1848: pl. 20, fig. 9b as Chiton fascicularis?). N. “Chiton” damesi Koenen, 1892, Latdorf (Germany), lower Oligocene, tail valve, dorsal view (from Koenen 1892: pl. 59, fig. 23b). O–P. “Acantochiton” (sic) costatus Sacco, 1897, Turin hill (Italy), lower Miocene, tail valve, width 18.5 mm, dorsal (O) and posterior (P) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 18–19).	FIGURE 153. Species of unclear taxonomic position. A. Chiton octovalvis Woodward, 1830, Grignon (France), Eocene, articulated chiton (from Parkinson 1811: pl. 5, fig. 5). B–C. “Lepidopleurus” daubrei de Rochebrune, 1882, Mérignac (France), Miocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), tail valve, dorsal view (C) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 9). D. “Tonicia” wattebledi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 3). E. “Tonicia” gaasensis de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 2, fig. 7). F. “Tonicia” pustulifera de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 2). G–H. “Gymnoplax” gaudryi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (G), tail valve, dorsal view (H) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 6). I–J. “Gymnoplax” chalmasi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene,intermediate valve, dorsal view (I), tail valve, dorsal view (J) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 4). K. “Acanthochites” meunieri de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 4). L. Acanthochites dulignoni de Rochebrune, 1882, Largileyre (France), Miocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 5). M. Acanthochites woodi de Rochebrune, 1882, Sutton (U.K.), Pliocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from Wood 1848: pl. 20, fig. 9b as Chiton fascicularis?). N. “Chiton” damesi Koenen, 1892, Latdorf (Germany), lower Oligocene, tail valve, dorsal view (from Koenen 1892: pl. 59, fig. 23b). O–P. “Acantochiton” (sic) costatus Sacco, 1897, Turin hill (Italy), lower Miocene, tail valve, width 18.5 mm, dorsal (O) and posterior (P) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 18–19).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEC64F390FADFA15694C92CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328126/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328126	FIGURE 153. Species of unclear taxonomic position. A. Chiton octovalvis Woodward, 1830, Grignon (France), Eocene, articulated chiton (from Parkinson 1811: pl. 5, fig. 5). B–C. “Lepidopleurus” daubrei de Rochebrune, 1882, Mérignac (France), Miocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), tail valve, dorsal view (C) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 9). D. “Tonicia” wattebledi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 3). E. “Tonicia” gaasensis de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 2, fig. 7). F. “Tonicia” pustulifera de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 2). G–H. “Gymnoplax” gaudryi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (G), tail valve, dorsal view (H) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 6). I–J. “Gymnoplax” chalmasi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene,intermediate valve, dorsal view (I), tail valve, dorsal view (J) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 4). K. “Acanthochites” meunieri de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 4). L. Acanthochites dulignoni de Rochebrune, 1882, Largileyre (France), Miocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 5). M. Acanthochites woodi de Rochebrune, 1882, Sutton (U.K.), Pliocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from Wood 1848: pl. 20, fig. 9b as Chiton fascicularis?). N. “Chiton” damesi Koenen, 1892, Latdorf (Germany), lower Oligocene, tail valve, dorsal view (from Koenen 1892: pl. 59, fig. 23b). O–P. “Acantochiton” (sic) costatus Sacco, 1897, Turin hill (Italy), lower Miocene, tail valve, width 18.5 mm, dorsal (O) and posterior (P) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 18–19).	FIGURE 153. Species of unclear taxonomic position. A. Chiton octovalvis Woodward, 1830, Grignon (France), Eocene, articulated chiton (from Parkinson 1811: pl. 5, fig. 5). B–C. “Lepidopleurus” daubrei de Rochebrune, 1882, Mérignac (France), Miocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), tail valve, dorsal view (C) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 9). D. “Tonicia” wattebledi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 3). E. “Tonicia” gaasensis de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 2, fig. 7). F. “Tonicia” pustulifera de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 2). G–H. “Gymnoplax” gaudryi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (G), tail valve, dorsal view (H) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 6). I–J. “Gymnoplax” chalmasi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene,intermediate valve, dorsal view (I), tail valve, dorsal view (J) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 4). K. “Acanthochites” meunieri de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 4). L. Acanthochites dulignoni de Rochebrune, 1882, Largileyre (France), Miocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 5). M. Acanthochites woodi de Rochebrune, 1882, Sutton (U.K.), Pliocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from Wood 1848: pl. 20, fig. 9b as Chiton fascicularis?). N. “Chiton” damesi Koenen, 1892, Latdorf (Germany), lower Oligocene, tail valve, dorsal view (from Koenen 1892: pl. 59, fig. 23b). O–P. “Acantochiton” (sic) costatus Sacco, 1897, Turin hill (Italy), lower Miocene, tail valve, width 18.5 mm, dorsal (O) and posterior (P) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 18–19).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEC54F3A0FADFF056F4991EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328126/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328126	FIGURE 153. Species of unclear taxonomic position. A. Chiton octovalvis Woodward, 1830, Grignon (France), Eocene, articulated chiton (from Parkinson 1811: pl. 5, fig. 5). B–C. “Lepidopleurus” daubrei de Rochebrune, 1882, Mérignac (France), Miocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), tail valve, dorsal view (C) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 9). D. “Tonicia” wattebledi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 3). E. “Tonicia” gaasensis de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 2, fig. 7). F. “Tonicia” pustulifera de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 2). G–H. “Gymnoplax” gaudryi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (G), tail valve, dorsal view (H) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 6). I–J. “Gymnoplax” chalmasi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene,intermediate valve, dorsal view (I), tail valve, dorsal view (J) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 4). K. “Acanthochites” meunieri de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 4). L. Acanthochites dulignoni de Rochebrune, 1882, Largileyre (France), Miocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 5). M. Acanthochites woodi de Rochebrune, 1882, Sutton (U.K.), Pliocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from Wood 1848: pl. 20, fig. 9b as Chiton fascicularis?). N. “Chiton” damesi Koenen, 1892, Latdorf (Germany), lower Oligocene, tail valve, dorsal view (from Koenen 1892: pl. 59, fig. 23b). O–P. “Acantochiton” (sic) costatus Sacco, 1897, Turin hill (Italy), lower Miocene, tail valve, width 18.5 mm, dorsal (O) and posterior (P) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 18–19).	FIGURE 153. Species of unclear taxonomic position. A. Chiton octovalvis Woodward, 1830, Grignon (France), Eocene, articulated chiton (from Parkinson 1811: pl. 5, fig. 5). B–C. “Lepidopleurus” daubrei de Rochebrune, 1882, Mérignac (France), Miocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), tail valve, dorsal view (C) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 9). D. “Tonicia” wattebledi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 3). E. “Tonicia” gaasensis de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 2, fig. 7). F. “Tonicia” pustulifera de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 2). G–H. “Gymnoplax” gaudryi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (G), tail valve, dorsal view (H) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 6). I–J. “Gymnoplax” chalmasi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene,intermediate valve, dorsal view (I), tail valve, dorsal view (J) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 4). K. “Acanthochites” meunieri de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 4). L. Acanthochites dulignoni de Rochebrune, 1882, Largileyre (France), Miocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 5). M. Acanthochites woodi de Rochebrune, 1882, Sutton (U.K.), Pliocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from Wood 1848: pl. 20, fig. 9b as Chiton fascicularis?). N. “Chiton” damesi Koenen, 1892, Latdorf (Germany), lower Oligocene, tail valve, dorsal view (from Koenen 1892: pl. 59, fig. 23b). O–P. “Acantochiton” (sic) costatus Sacco, 1897, Turin hill (Italy), lower Miocene, tail valve, width 18.5 mm, dorsal (O) and posterior (P) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 18–19).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEC54F3B0FADFAB66BCF97A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328126/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328126	FIGURE 153. Species of unclear taxonomic position. A. Chiton octovalvis Woodward, 1830, Grignon (France), Eocene, articulated chiton (from Parkinson 1811: pl. 5, fig. 5). B–C. “Lepidopleurus” daubrei de Rochebrune, 1882, Mérignac (France), Miocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), tail valve, dorsal view (C) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 9). D. “Tonicia” wattebledi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 3). E. “Tonicia” gaasensis de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 2, fig. 7). F. “Tonicia” pustulifera de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 2). G–H. “Gymnoplax” gaudryi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (G), tail valve, dorsal view (H) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 6). I–J. “Gymnoplax” chalmasi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene,intermediate valve, dorsal view (I), tail valve, dorsal view (J) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 4). K. “Acanthochites” meunieri de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 4). L. Acanthochites dulignoni de Rochebrune, 1882, Largileyre (France), Miocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 5). M. Acanthochites woodi de Rochebrune, 1882, Sutton (U.K.), Pliocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from Wood 1848: pl. 20, fig. 9b as Chiton fascicularis?). N. “Chiton” damesi Koenen, 1892, Latdorf (Germany), lower Oligocene, tail valve, dorsal view (from Koenen 1892: pl. 59, fig. 23b). O–P. “Acantochiton” (sic) costatus Sacco, 1897, Turin hill (Italy), lower Miocene, tail valve, width 18.5 mm, dorsal (O) and posterior (P) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 18–19).	FIGURE 153. Species of unclear taxonomic position. A. Chiton octovalvis Woodward, 1830, Grignon (France), Eocene, articulated chiton (from Parkinson 1811: pl. 5, fig. 5). B–C. “Lepidopleurus” daubrei de Rochebrune, 1882, Mérignac (France), Miocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (B), tail valve, dorsal view (C) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 9). D. “Tonicia” wattebledi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 3). E. “Tonicia” gaasensis de Rochebrune, 1882, Gaas (France), Oligocene (Rupelian), dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 2, fig. 7). F. “Tonicia” pustulifera de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 2). G–H. “Gymnoplax” gaudryi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (G), tail valve, dorsal view (H) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 6). I–J. “Gymnoplax” chalmasi de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene,intermediate valve, dorsal view (I), tail valve, dorsal view (J) (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 1, fig. 4). K. “Acanthochites” meunieri de Rochebrune, 1882, Gourbesville (France), Pliocene-Pleistocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 4). L. Acanthochites dulignoni de Rochebrune, 1882, Largileyre (France), Miocene, dorsal view (from de Rochebrune 1882: pl. 3, fig. 5). M. Acanthochites woodi de Rochebrune, 1882, Sutton (U.K.), Pliocene, intermediate valve, dorsal view (from Wood 1848: pl. 20, fig. 9b as Chiton fascicularis?). N. “Chiton” damesi Koenen, 1892, Latdorf (Germany), lower Oligocene, tail valve, dorsal view (from Koenen 1892: pl. 59, fig. 23b). O–P. “Acantochiton” (sic) costatus Sacco, 1897, Turin hill (Italy), lower Miocene, tail valve, width 18.5 mm, dorsal (O) and posterior (P) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2016: pl. 6, fig. 18–19).	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEC54F3B0FADFAB66BCF97A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328128/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328128	FIGURE 154. Problematic species assignment. A. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Garilli, Germanà, Reitano, Sosso & Bonfitto, 2012, Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 254, intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2012: fig. 3E). B. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Garlenda (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45704, head valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 3, fig. A). C. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), MNHN.F.A67067, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: fig. 6A). D. Leptochiton sp., Gamachot (France), lower Miocene, BD, tail valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 3M, as Leptochiton cf. L. josei Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013). E. Leptochiton sp., Rocco di Passerano (Italy), lower Miocene, MZB 32014, head valve, width 4.3 mm (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, fig. 12, as Leptochiton salicensis Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). F. Leptochiton sp., Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32015, tail valve, width 2.1 mm, (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, fig. 15, as Leptochiton salicensis Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). G. Hanleya sp. Dell’Angelo, Landau & Marquet, 2004, Estepona, Velerin Antena (Spain), Pliocene, BD, tail valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 3, fig. 1). H. Ischnochiton? sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Caranchi (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45717, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 4, fig. N). I. Stenosemus sp., Moulin Pochas (France), upper Miocene, PR, head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view [from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 6D, as Stenosemus dolii (Van Belle & Dell’Angelo, 1998)]. J–K. Callochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Rio S. Antonino (Italy), MZB 45727, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (J) and lateral (K) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 5, figs Q–R). L–M. Rhyssoplax sp., Abesse (France), upper Oligocene, DA, intermediate valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal (L) and frontal (M) views	FIGURE 154. Problematic species assignment. A. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Garilli, Germanà, Reitano, Sosso & Bonfitto, 2012, Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 254, intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2012: fig. 3E). B. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Garlenda (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45704, head valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 3, fig. A). C. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), MNHN.F.A67067, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: fig. 6A). D. Leptochiton sp., Gamachot (France), lower Miocene, BD, tail valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 3M, as Leptochiton cf. L. josei Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013). E. Leptochiton sp., Rocco di Passerano (Italy), lower Miocene, MZB 32014, head valve, width 4.3 mm (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, fig. 12, as Leptochiton salicensis Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). F. Leptochiton sp., Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32015, tail valve, width 2.1 mm, (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, fig. 15, as Leptochiton salicensis Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). G. Hanleya sp. Dell’Angelo, Landau & Marquet, 2004, Estepona, Velerin Antena (Spain), Pliocene, BD, tail valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 3, fig. 1). H. Ischnochiton? sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Caranchi (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45717, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 4, fig. N). I. Stenosemus sp., Moulin Pochas (France), upper Miocene, PR, head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view [from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 6D, as Stenosemus dolii (Van Belle & Dell’Angelo, 1998)]. J–K. Callochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Rio S. Antonino (Italy), MZB 45727, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (J) and lateral (K) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 5, figs Q–R). L–M. Rhyssoplax sp., Abesse (France), upper Oligocene, DA, intermediate valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal (L) and frontal (M) views	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEC14F3E0FADFEFC6B5B97D1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328128/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328128	FIGURE 154. Problematic species assignment. A. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Garilli, Germanà, Reitano, Sosso & Bonfitto, 2012, Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 254, intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2012: fig. 3E). B. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Garlenda (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45704, head valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 3, fig. A). C. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), MNHN.F.A67067, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: fig. 6A). D. Leptochiton sp., Gamachot (France), lower Miocene, BD, tail valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 3M, as Leptochiton cf. L. josei Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013). E. Leptochiton sp., Rocco di Passerano (Italy), lower Miocene, MZB 32014, head valve, width 4.3 mm (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, fig. 12, as Leptochiton salicensis Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). F. Leptochiton sp., Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32015, tail valve, width 2.1 mm, (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, fig. 15, as Leptochiton salicensis Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). G. Hanleya sp. Dell’Angelo, Landau & Marquet, 2004, Estepona, Velerin Antena (Spain), Pliocene, BD, tail valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 3, fig. 1). H. Ischnochiton? sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Caranchi (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45717, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 4, fig. N). I. Stenosemus sp., Moulin Pochas (France), upper Miocene, PR, head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view [from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 6D, as Stenosemus dolii (Van Belle & Dell’Angelo, 1998)]. J–K. Callochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Rio S. Antonino (Italy), MZB 45727, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (J) and lateral (K) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 5, figs Q–R). L–M. Rhyssoplax sp., Abesse (France), upper Oligocene, DA, intermediate valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal (L) and frontal (M) views	FIGURE 154. Problematic species assignment. A. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Garilli, Germanà, Reitano, Sosso & Bonfitto, 2012, Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 254, intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2012: fig. 3E). B. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Garlenda (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45704, head valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 3, fig. A). C. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), MNHN.F.A67067, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: fig. 6A). D. Leptochiton sp., Gamachot (France), lower Miocene, BD, tail valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 3M, as Leptochiton cf. L. josei Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013). E. Leptochiton sp., Rocco di Passerano (Italy), lower Miocene, MZB 32014, head valve, width 4.3 mm (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, fig. 12, as Leptochiton salicensis Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). F. Leptochiton sp., Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32015, tail valve, width 2.1 mm, (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, fig. 15, as Leptochiton salicensis Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). G. Hanleya sp. Dell’Angelo, Landau & Marquet, 2004, Estepona, Velerin Antena (Spain), Pliocene, BD, tail valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 3, fig. 1). H. Ischnochiton? sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Caranchi (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45717, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 4, fig. N). I. Stenosemus sp., Moulin Pochas (France), upper Miocene, PR, head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view [from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 6D, as Stenosemus dolii (Van Belle & Dell’Angelo, 1998)]. J–K. Callochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Rio S. Antonino (Italy), MZB 45727, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (J) and lateral (K) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 5, figs Q–R). L–M. Rhyssoplax sp., Abesse (France), upper Oligocene, DA, intermediate valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal (L) and frontal (M) views	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
03FEF726FEC04F3F0FADFDD36F439683.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/17328128/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17328128	FIGURE 154. Problematic species assignment. A. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Garilli, Germanà, Reitano, Sosso & Bonfitto, 2012, Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 254, intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2012: fig. 3E). B. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Garlenda (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45704, head valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 3, fig. A). C. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), MNHN.F.A67067, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: fig. 6A). D. Leptochiton sp., Gamachot (France), lower Miocene, BD, tail valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 3M, as Leptochiton cf. L. josei Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013). E. Leptochiton sp., Rocco di Passerano (Italy), lower Miocene, MZB 32014, head valve, width 4.3 mm (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, fig. 12, as Leptochiton salicensis Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). F. Leptochiton sp., Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32015, tail valve, width 2.1 mm, (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, fig. 15, as Leptochiton salicensis Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). G. Hanleya sp. Dell’Angelo, Landau & Marquet, 2004, Estepona, Velerin Antena (Spain), Pliocene, BD, tail valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 3, fig. 1). H. Ischnochiton? sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Caranchi (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45717, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 4, fig. N). I. Stenosemus sp., Moulin Pochas (France), upper Miocene, PR, head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view [from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 6D, as Stenosemus dolii (Van Belle & Dell’Angelo, 1998)]. J–K. Callochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Rio S. Antonino (Italy), MZB 45727, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (J) and lateral (K) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 5, figs Q–R). L–M. Rhyssoplax sp., Abesse (France), upper Oligocene, DA, intermediate valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal (L) and frontal (M) views	FIGURE 154. Problematic species assignment. A. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Garilli, Germanà, Reitano, Sosso & Bonfitto, 2012, Altavilla Milicia (Italy), Pliocene, BD 254, intermediate valve, width 4.5 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2012: fig. 3E). B. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Garlenda (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45704, head valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 3, fig. A). C. Leptochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Landau, Van Dingenen & Ceulemans 2018, Saint-Clément-de-la-Place (France), Miocene (Tortonian), MNHN.F.A67067, intermediate valve, width 1.7 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018b: fig. 6A). D. Leptochiton sp., Gamachot (France), lower Miocene, BD, tail valve, width 1.9 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 3M, as Leptochiton cf. L. josei Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013). E. Leptochiton sp., Rocco di Passerano (Italy), lower Miocene, MZB 32014, head valve, width 4.3 mm (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, fig. 12, as Leptochiton salicensis Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). F. Leptochiton sp., Borelli (Italy), Miocene (Tortonian), MZB 32015, tail valve, width 2.1 mm, (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2015: pl. 3, fig. 15, as Leptochiton salicensis Dell’Angelo & Bonfitto, 2005). G. Hanleya sp. Dell’Angelo, Landau & Marquet, 2004, Estepona, Velerin Antena (Spain), Pliocene, BD, tail valve, width 4.3 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2004: pl. 3, fig. 1). H. Ischnochiton? sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Caranchi (Italy), Pliocene (Zanclean), MZB 45717, tail valve, width 2 mm, dorsal view (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 4, fig. N). I. Stenosemus sp., Moulin Pochas (France), upper Miocene, PR, head valve, width 4 mm, dorsal view [from Dell’Angelo et al. 2018a: fig. 6D, as Stenosemus dolii (Van Belle & Dell’Angelo, 1998)]. J–K. Callochiton sp. Dell’Angelo, Sosso, Prudenza & Bonfitto, 2013, Rio S. Antonino (Italy), MZB 45727, tail valve, width 3.2 mm, dorsal (J) and lateral (K) views (from Dell’Angelo et al. 2013: pl. 5, figs Q–R). L–M. Rhyssoplax sp., Abesse (France), upper Oligocene, DA, intermediate valve, width 1.4 mm, dorsal (L) and frontal (M) views	2025-10-08	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco		Zenodo	biologists	Dell’Angelo, Bruno;Sosso, Maurizio;Taviani, Marco			
