identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FF87B4FF962E75E1E86DFDFB78A990.text	03FF87B4FF962E75E1E86DFDFB78A990.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spiniphallellus Bidzilya & Karsholt 2008	<div><p>Checklist of Spiniphallellus Bidzilya &amp; Karsholt, 2008</p><p>Spiniphallellus desertus Bidzilya &amp; Karsholt, 2008 [Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan]</p><p>Spiniphallellus stonisi Bidzilya &amp; Karsholt, 2008 [Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan]</p><p>Spiniphallellus minimus sp. nov. [Kyrgyzstan]</p><p>Spiniphallellus fuscescens Bidzilya &amp; Karsholt, 2008 [Turkey, Iran]</p><p>Spiniphallellus eberti Bidzilya &amp; Karsholt, 2019 [Iran]</p><p>Spiniphallellus naumanni Bidzilya &amp; Karsholt, 2019 [Afghanistan]</p><p>“ Spiniphallellus” chrysotosella Junnilainen, 2016 [Bulgaria, Georgia, Turkey]</p><p>Remarks</p><p>The generic classification of S. chrysotosella remains uncertain. Based on external morphology, genital structures, and DNA barcode sequences, the species should be assigned to a separate genus. Its closest match in BOLD is an unrelated member of the Spilomelinae (Crambidae), with a genetic distance of 8.16%.</p><p>Molecular analysis</p><p>DNA sequencing of 11 Spiniphallellus specimens resulted in four BINs, corresponding to four species (including the newly described species). While intraspecific variation is low, with p-distances ranging from 0% to 1.71%, interspecific distances to the nearest species are substantially higher, ranging from 4.33% to 13.73% (Table 1, Fig. 1). However, it should be noted that the number of sequences available for most species is limited.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87B4FF962E75E1E86DFDFB78A990	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huemer, Peter;Šumpich, Jan	Huemer, Peter, Šumpich, Jan (2025): New species and interesting records of Spiniphallellus Bidzilya & Karsholt, 2008, from Kyrgyzstan (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). Zootaxa 5679 (1): 133-142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.1.8
03FF87B4FF942E70E1E869ECFE3DA82E.text	03FF87B4FF942E70E1E869ECFE3DA82E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spiniphallellus minimus Huemer & Šumpich 2025	<div><p>Spiniphallellus minimus sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2A–D</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, Kyrgyzstan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=71.25667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.89167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 71.25667/lat 41.89167)">Jalal-Abad Oblasti</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=71.25667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.89167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 71.25667/lat 41.89167)">Tian-Shan West</a>, Chandlash Kirka Toosu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=71.25667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.89167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 71.25667/lat 41.89167)">Umg. Chanach</a>&gt; Kum Bel Ashuu, 2085 m, 41°53′30´´N; 71°15′ 24´´E, 02.08.2024, Peter Huemer leg. (Keil, May, Bolt, Mayr, Pöll, Schwarm), DNA Barcode ID TLMF_Lep_42991 (TLMF) . Paratypes: 11 ♂, same data as for holotype, but DNA Barcode IDs TLMF_Lep_42992, TLMF_Lep_42993, gen. slide GEL 1370 ♂ P. Huemer, gen. slide without number in glycerin capsule (TLMF) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The new species is distinguished from all congeneric taxa—except for the similarly small but unmistakably metallic-spotted “ Spiniphallellus ” chrysotomella —by its short forewing length of less than 6 mm. The male genitalia are diagnostic, differing from all other congeners in the morphology of the valva. Additionally, the species differs from S. desertus and S. stonisi by the absence of a strongly sclerotized gnathos, and from all other species—except S. naumanni —by lacking a lateral process on the phallus. A closer phylogenetic relationship with S. naumanni seems plausible, as both species share a similarly shaped phallus and uncus, although S. naumanni exhibits an oval-shaped valva.</p><p>Description. Adult (Fig. 2A). Head light to dark greyish brown, frons greyish white to greyish brown; labial palps greyish brown, predominantly greyish white on upper and inner surface, tip of segment 3 blackish brown; antenna blackish, ringed with light grey. Thorax and tegula light to dark greyish brown; legs greyish brown with scattered greyish-white admixture. Forewing length: ♂ 4.5-5.7 mm. Forewing ground colour blackish brown, intensively mottled with light greyish-brown overlying scales, forming indistinct, band-like markings at the basal third, the middle, and particularly at three-quarters of the wing length, remaining black parts indistinct; cilia blackish at base, distal part light grey. Hindwing with a pearly sheen, blackish, lighter in middle. Abdomen dark greyish brown with light grey suffusion.</p><p>Abdominal structures (Fig. 2B): Sternite VIII with evenly rounded posterior edge, anterior half tapering, with two broad, subtriangular lobes at the anterior margin, separated by a deep, subtriangular notch; tergite VIII tongueshaped, anterior margin with shallow excavation.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 2C–D). Uncus about three times length of width, posterior margin distinctly rounded, covered with long setae; gnathos reduced; tegumen about same width and length, anteromedial emargination shallow; valva without sacculus, massive, broad at base, distal third subtriangular with straight inner and oblique outer edge, apical part strongly sclerotized with strong and inwardly directed setae, outer half of edge covered with short spines; transtilla lobes reduced; vinculum about two times broader than long, posterior margin with sclerotized edge and broad and deep medial excavation, medially with deep and small U-shaped incision; saccus about three times broader than long, narrowed at base, anterior edge nearly straight with slightly protruding edges; phallus with massive suboval caecum, distal three-fifths weakly S-curved and gradually narrowed to pointed apex.</p><p>Female genitalia. Unknown.</p><p>Biology. Adults have been collected in early August at light. The habitat is a south exposed steppic slope at an altitude of ca. 2100 m (Fig. 4A).</p><p>Molecular data. BIN: BOLD:AGO5816. The intraspecific average distance of the barcode region is 0.1% (n=3). The minimum distance to the nearest neighbor S. stonisi (BIN: BOLD:AAW5093; n=5) is 5.46% (Fig. 1).</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the type locality so far.</p><p>Etymology. The new species is named after its small size (latin adjective minimus = very small, the smallest) compared to congeners.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87B4FF942E70E1E869ECFE3DA82E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huemer, Peter;Šumpich, Jan	Huemer, Peter, Šumpich, Jan (2025): New species and interesting records of Spiniphallellus Bidzilya & Karsholt, 2008, from Kyrgyzstan (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). Zootaxa 5679 (1): 133-142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.1.8
03FF87B4FF932E73E1E86F21FAD0AB2B.text	03FF87B4FF932E73E1E86F21FAD0AB2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spiniphallellus stonisi Bidzilya & Karsholt 2008	<div><p>Spiniphallellus stonisi Bidzilya &amp; Karsholt, 2008</p><p>Figs 3A–G</p><p>Examined material. Kyrgyzstan. 6 ♂, 3 ♀, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=71.53917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.47778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 71.53917/lat 42.47778)">Jalal-Abad Oblasti</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=71.53917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.47778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 71.53917/lat 42.47778)">Tian-Shan West</a>, Talas, Umg. Chong-Kara-Buura, 1200 m, 42°28′40′′N, 71°32′21′′E, 30.07.2024, Peter Huemer leg., DNA Barcode ID TLMF_Lep_42892 (Keil, May, Bolt, Mayr, Pöll, Schwarm), DNA Barcode IDs TLMF_Lep_43044, TLMF_Lep_43045, gen. slides GEL 1372 ♀ P. Huemer, slides GEL 1373 ♂ P. Huemer, 2 ♂ genitalia prep. in glycerin capsules (TLMF); 2 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=71.60611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 71.60611/lat 42.335)">Jalal-Abad Oblasti</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=71.60611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 71.60611/lat 42.335)">Tian-Shan West</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=71.60611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 71.60611/lat 42.335)">Chatkal</a>, Chandlash Gebiet, str. To Kara-Buura pass, 1700 m, 42°20′06′′N, 71°36′22′′E, 31.07.2024, Peter Huemer leg. (TLMF) ; 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.31612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.421112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.31612/lat 41.421112)">Jalal-Abad Oblasti</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.31612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.421112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.31612/lat 41.421112)">Tian-Shan West</a>, Chaak Too, Umg. Tash-Kömür, 890 m, 41°25′16′′N, 72°18′58′′E, 04.08.2024, Peter Huemer leg. (Keil, May, Bolt, Mayr, Pöll, Schwarm), DNA Barcode ID TLMF_Lep_42892 (TLMF) ; 36 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.31639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.421112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.31639/lat 41.421112)">Fergansky Mts.</a> Ragne, 12 km NE Tash-Komyr (center), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=72.31639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.421112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 72.31639/lat 41.421112)">Sary-Bel´River</a> valley, 41°25′16′′N, 72°18′59′′E, 23.06.2024, S. Korb &amp; P. Gorbunov leg. , 1 ♂ genitalia prep. in glycerin capsule (TLMF); 1 ♂, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.87278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.52778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.87278/lat 42.52778)">North Tian-Shan</a>, Kara Balta river, 42°31′40′′N, 73°52′22′′E, 23.vii.2023, Marek Dvořák leg., DNA Barcode ID NMPC-Lep-1888 (NMPC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Spiniphallellus stonisi can be readily distinguished from all congeners by the medially pearly white hindwing and the unique morphology of the uncus and gnathos in the male genitalia. However, as the female genitalia of several species within the genus remain undescribed, the diagnostic value of currently known female characters are uncertain.</p><p>Redescription. Adult (Fig. 3A). Head mottled greyish brown; labial palps greyish brown, variably mixed with greyish white on upper and inner surface, tip of segment 3 blackish brown; antenna blackish, ringed with light grey. Thorax and tegula light to dark greyish brown; legs greyish-brown with scattered greyish white admixture. Forewing length: ♂ 6.8-8.2 mm, ♀ 8.2-8.3 mm. Forewing ground colour blackish brown, largely covered with light greyish-brown overlying scales, forming indistinct, band-like markings at the basal third, the middle, and particularly at three-quarters of the wing length, remaining black stigmata in middle of wing hardly visible; cilia blackish at base, distal part light grey. Hindwing with a pearly sheen, white in middle, surrounded by broad blackish inner and outer margins. Abdomen dark greyish brown with light grey suffusion.</p><p>Variability. Sexual dimorphism has not been diagnosed.</p><p>Abdominal structures (Fig. 3B). Sternite VIII with broadly rounded posterior edge, anteriorly tapering, with two broad, triangular lobes at the anterior margin, separated by a deep, subtriangular notch; tergite VIII broadly suboval, anterior margin with shallow excavation.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs 3C–D). Uncus hood-shaped, lateral edge strongly sclerotized, hood-shaped posterior part weakly sclerotized and covered with long setae; valva without sacculus, broad, subtriangular, covered with short setae on inner side, apically broadly rounded inner edge with small projection covered with brush like long setae; transtilla lobes present, with sclerotized base and attached flap-like and hairy process; vinculum broad, posterior margin with deep V-shaped medial emargination; saccus short, subrectangular to suboval; phallus with distinct medial thorn, distal part relatively broad, gradually tapered.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figs 3E–G). Entire length nearly 6 mm; papillae anales elongated subovate, densely covered with setae; posterior apophysis ca. 2.6 mm long; anterior apophysis ca. 0.9 mm long, distinctly longer than segment VIII; sternum VIII about two times longer than broad, lateromedially with strongly sclerotized longitudinal ridge; antrum funnel-shaped, in the middle slightly widened, with elongated sclerotized zone, posteriorly with two tapering lateral ends; ductus bursae long and evenly slender; corpus bursae suboval; signum a suboval plate with serrated margins and transverse medial ridge, situated near the entrance of corpus bursae.</p><p>Biology. Adults have been collected at light from late June to early August. The species inhabits dry slopes at elevations ranging from approximately 900 to 1700 meters (Fig. 4B).</p><p>Molecular data. BIN: BOLD:AAW5093. The intraspecific average distance of the barcode region is 0.1% (n=5). The minimum distance to the nearest neighbor S. desertus (BIN: BOLD:ACB3153; n=1) from Russia is 4.33% (Fig. 1).</p><p>Distribution. Known from several localities from western Kyrgyzstan and from the type-locality in southeastern Kazakhstan.</p><p>Remarks. Spiniphallelus stonisi was described based on a single specimen with genitalia mounted on a permanent slide, which likely contributed to certain errors in the original description. The structure described by Bidzilya &amp; Karsholt (2008) as the species-specific, “arrow-shaped” uncus can, upon in situ examination of the male genitalia, be clearly identified as a sclerite of the gnathos that may obscure the actual uncus depending on the preparation. Furthermore, the “arrow-shaped” appearance varies considerably with the positioning and viewing angle, and—as seen in the illustrated preparation—can appear broadly rounded. Based on this incorrect interpretation, the description of the tegumen as “sparsely covered with long hair-like setae” is also inaccurate, since these setae are part of the uncus. Based on our in situ examinations, we also conclude that the “paired, dagger-shaped processes medially in the tegumen” are in fact transtilla lobes. The potential for misinterpretation of genital structures is of particular importance when morphological descriptions are based solely on fixed specimens or photographic material.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87B4FF932E73E1E86F21FAD0AB2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Huemer, Peter;Šumpich, Jan	Huemer, Peter, Šumpich, Jan (2025): New species and interesting records of Spiniphallellus Bidzilya & Karsholt, 2008, from Kyrgyzstan (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). Zootaxa 5679 (1): 133-142, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5679.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5679.1.8
