identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FCE32AC51E081E2AB4FCFBE9A8FC39.text	03FCE32AC51E081E2AB4FCFBE9A8FC39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salmoneus gimlii Ashrafi & Ďuriš 2025	<div><p>Salmoneus gimlii sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1–4)</p><p>Salmoneus aff. erasimorum — Ashrafi et al., 2025: 8, fig. 3B.</p><p>Type material.   Holotype: ovig. specimen (cl 3.1 mm), MNHN-IU-2014-827, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=150.77333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.6183333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 150.77333/lat -2.6183333)">Kavieng</a> 2014 exped., stn KZ15; Kavieng Region, NW New Ireland, Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea, 02°37,1’S, 150°46,4’E, 20 Jun. 2014; depth 6.6 m, under stone on sandy bottom; leg. Z. Ďuriš.</p><p>Description. Carapace (Fig. 1A–C) dorsally and dorsolaterally covered by setae, without carina or tubercle; frontal region entirely concealing eyes in dorsal view and almost fully concealing eyes in lateral view; rostrum short, broadly triangular in dorsal view, remarkably broader than long, with subacute tip overreaching midlength of first antennular article; without rostral carina; orbital teeth very small, subacute, as long as wide; anterolateral suture present, pterygostomial angle broadly rounded, cardiac notch deep.</p><p>Pleon (Fig. 1C) covered with setae dorsally and dorsolaterally; pleura of first to fourth pleonites rounded anteroventrally and posteroventrally; fifth pleuron subangular posteroventrally; sixth pleuron with subtriangular projection flanking each side of telson, posteroventral suture incomplete.</p><p>Telson (Fig. 1D) subrectangular, tapering distally, about 4.5 times as long as distal width, covered by short setae; dorsal surface with two pairs of spiniform setae located at about 0.5 and 0.8 telson length, respectively; posterior margin with very shallow central notch furnished with 4 setae, and two pairs of spiniform setae, lateral ones about 1.3 times as long as mesial ones and about 4 times as long as spiniform setae on dorsal surface.</p><p>Antennule (Fig. 1B, C) with peduncle relatively stout; first article approximately as long as broad; stylocerite relatively robust, with more or less subacute tip, reaching to distal margin of second article; second article slightly longer than broad, dorsally covered by setae; third article subequal to second article, dorsally covered by setae; lateral antennular flagellum biramous, fused portion with two subdivisions, shorter ramus well developed, reaching to about eighth subdivision of longer ramus, with five groups of aesthetascs.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 1B, C) with stout basicerite, its distoventral margin armed with elongate subacute tooth, superior margin with small blunt projection; scaphocerite stout, ovoid, reaching to about midlength of third article of antennular peduncle, lateral margin convex, distolateral tooth falling short of distal margin of blade; carpocerite reaching midlength of second article of antennular peduncle and overreaching midlength of scaphocerite; flagellum not particularly stout.</p><p>Third maxilliped (Fig. 3A) with coxa bearing strap-like epipod and broadly rounded lateral plate; antepenultimate article slender, fused to ischium and basis without visible sutures, about eight times as long as proximal depth; penultimate article relatively short, about 0.3 times as long as antepenultimate article; ultimate article about 2.5 times as long as penultimate article, distally armed with two small subapical spiniform setae; exopod slender, falling short of distal margin of antepenultimate article; arthrobranch normally developed, multilamellate.</p><p>First pereiopods (Fig. 2) asymmetrical in shape, subequal in size. Major cheliped (Fig. 2A–C) relatively robust, carried flexed under body when not in use; coxa with strap-like epipod and setobranch; ischium slender, five times as long as proximal width, armed with one spiniform seta on ventrolateral margin; merus about 1.3 times as long as ischium, slender in proximal sixth but abruptly widening afterwards, with midlength widest and about four times as wide as proximal sixth, ventral surface longitudinally concave; carpus short, cup-shaped distally; chela enlarged, as long as basis to merus lengths combined; palm moderately swollen, about twice as long as wide in dorsal view, with deep complex groove proximally; fingers slender, about 1.2 times as long as palm, twisted with strongly crossing fingertips, not gaping when closed; pollex with cutting edge armed with 12 small teeth distributed evenly on proximal half and one tooth on distal fourth; dactylus with 9 small teeth on proximal third of cutting edge obscuring distally and two teeth located on 0.7 and 0.9 of its length. Subminor cheliped (Fig. 2D, E) slightly shorter than major cheliped; coxa with strap-like epipod and setobranch; ischium slender, about five times as long as broad, armed with one spiniform seta on ventral margin; merus slender in proximal third and abruptly widening more distally to widest midpoint about three times as wide as proximal sixth, distal half slightly concave accommodating carpus when flexed, slightly longer than ischium; carpus short, cup-shaped, widening distally; chela enlarged, stout, as long as ischium and merus combined lengths; palm swollen, about twice as long as wide; fingers about 0.5 times as long as palm, with strongly crossing fingertips, not gaping when closed; pollex with cutting edge sinuous, armed with three strong teeth on convex proximal half and about six small teeth on convex distal half; dactylus with two stout teeth on proximal half of cutting edge, with distal tooth stronger, distal half smooth.</p><p>Second pereiopod (Fig. 3B) slender; coxa with strap-like epipod and setobranch; ischium about six times as long as wide, armed with one spiniform seta on ventrolateral margin; merus slender, slightly longer than ischium; carpus 1.2 times as long as merus, with five subdivisions, proximal one longest, slightly shorter than combined length of others; chela about 0.3 times as long as carpus, palm and fingers subequal in length.</p><p>Third pereiopod (Fig. 3C) moderately slender; coxa with strap-like epipod and setobranch; ischium slightly widening distally, about 3.5 times as long as wide, with small spiniform seta on ventrolateral surface; merus slender, about 1.5 times as long as ischium; carpus slender, subequal to merus, seven times as long as wide, with slender spiniform seta on distoventral margin; propodus slightly shorter than carpus, ventral margin armed with three spiniform setae in addition to distal pair of spiniform setae flanking dactylar base; dactylus simple, moderately slender, slightly curved, about 0.4 times as long as propodus. Fourth pereiopod (Fig. 3D) generally similar to third one, somewhat more slender; ischium unarmed ventrally. Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 3E) similar to fourth pereiopod in length; coxa without strap-like epipod, with setobranch; merus twice as long as ischium; carpus lacking spiniform seta on distoventral margin; propodus about 1.2 times as long as carpus, bearing eight transverse rows of microserrulate setae on distal half of distoventral margin and four slender spiniform setae on ventral margin in addition to distal pair.</p><p>Uropods (Fig. 1D) with lateral and mesial lobes of protopod elongated, both subacute distally; exopod ovate, distolateral margin with small triangular tooth adjacent to stout spiniform seta, diaeresis sinuous, with blunt lobe mesial to spiniform seta; endopod slightly longer than exopod, slender, ovoid, without specific features.</p><p>Colour in life (Fig. 4). Body completely semi-transparent, with no choromatophores; ovaries orange; eggs yellowish orange.</p><p>Etymology. This small-sized alpheid shrimp is named after J. R. R. Tolkien’s dwarf character “Gimli” due to its relatively small size and notably hairier appearance compared to most other  Salmoneus species.</p><p>Type locality. New Ireland,  Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea (present study)  .</p><p>Remarks. Two characters, 1) the presence of a subminor cheliped, and, 2) a major cheliped with the cutting edges of fingers bearing noticeable gaps between some or all teeth, are shared by  S. gimlii sp. nov. and several other  Salmoneus species, including  S. sketi Fransen, 1991;  S. erasimorum Dworschak, Anker and Abed-Navandi, 2000;  S. paulayi Anker, 2011;  S. poupini Anker, 2011;  S. komaii Anker, 2011;  S. yoyo Anker, Firdaus and Pratama, 2014; and  S. secundus sp. nov. Yet,  S. gimlii sp. nov. can be separated from all these species by a dorsally setose body with short and relatively thick setae, a small rostrum and orbital teeth distinctly falling short of the distal margin of the first antennular article, and meri of both chelipeds being slender proximally and abruptly widened before midlength.</p><p>The armature of the major cheliped fingers in  S. gimlii sp. nov. closely resembles mostly that of the eastern Atlantic  S. erasimorum . However, besides the three highlighted differences, the major cheliped fingers in  S. gimlii sp. nov. bear two teeth on the cutting edge of the dactylus and one on the pollex in the distal half, while  S. erasimorum has four and three teeth, respectively. Moreover, the general armature of the subminor cheliped fingers differs significantly between these two species (compare Fig. 2E with figs 44, 45 in Dworschak et al. 2000).</p><p>Three species,  S. paulayi,  S. poupini and  S. komaii, can be readily distinguished from the new species by their unique shape of the major cheliped (see Anker 2011, figs. 2A–F, 4, 6A–C, 9A–D, 10C) apart from the aforementioned differences. The remaining three species,  S. sketi,  S. yoyo and  S. secundus sp. nov. are also quite distinct from  S. gimlii sp. nov. and other  Salmoneus species (see the remark section under  S. secundus sp. nov., below; Anker et al. 2014 for  S. yoyo; and Fransen 1991 for  S. sketi).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FCE32AC51E081E2AB4FCFBE9A8FC39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ashrafi, Hossein;Ďuriš, Zdeněk	Ashrafi, Hossein, Ďuriš, Zdeněk (2025): Two new species of the genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Dacapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from the Western Pacific. Zootaxa 5609 (3): 405-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.6
03FCE32AC51908132AB4FC7FEBE2FCE4.text	03FCE32AC51908132AB4FC7FEBE2FCE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Salmoneus secundus Ashrafi & Ďuriš 2025	<div><p>Salmoneus secundus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 5–8)</p><p>Salmoneus cf. yoyo — Ashrafi et al., 2025: 8, fig. 3B.</p><p>Material examined.   Holotype: non-ovig. specimen (cl 3.6 mm), MNHN-IU-2013-11109, fcn Vn07-40, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.2055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.2735" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.2055/lat 12.2735)">Hon Chong Beach, N. of Nhatrang</a>, Nhatrang Bay, Vietnam, 12°16.41’N 109°12.33’E, 29 Aug. 2007, depth 3 m, from burrow in sandy bottom, yabby pump; leg. Z. Ďuriš.</p><p>Description. Carapace (Fig. 5A–C) glabrous, smooth, without dorsal carina nor tubercle; frontal region concealing most of eyes in dorsal view and partly concealing them in lateral view; rostrum triangular in dorsal view, tapering distally into subacute tip reaching to about distal margin of second antennular article, slightly longer than broad, ventrally smooth; orbital teeth triangular, subacute, about twice as long as broad, reaching to approximately midlength of first antennular article; anterolateral suture present, pterygostomial angle broadly rounded, cardiac notch deep.</p><p>Pleon (Fig. 5C, D) smooth; pleura of first to fifth pleonites rounded anteroventrally and posteroventrally; sixth pleuron with small triangular projection flanking each side of telson, posteroventral flap incomplete on right side and complete on left side.</p><p>Telson (Fig. 5E) sub-rectangular, tapering distally, about six times as long as distal width, proximal margin about three times as broad as distal margin; dorsal surface with two pairs of spiniform setae located at about 0.6 and 0.8 telson length; posterior margin with minute central notch furnished with 2 setae, and two pairs of spiniform setae, mesial pair about twice as long as lateral one and about five times as long as spiniform setae on dorsal surface.</p><p>Antennule (Fig. 5A, B) with peduncle relatively stout; first antennular article slightly longer than broad, stylocerite relatively slender, with subacute tip reaching to distal margin of second antennular article; second article slightly broader than long; third antennular article about 1.8 times as long as second one, 1.3 times as long as broad; lateral antennular flagellum biramous, fused portion with two subdivisions, shorter ramus well-developed, reaching to about fourth or fifth subdivision of longer ramus, with three groups of aesthetascs.</p><p>Antenna (Fig. 5A, B) with stout basicerite, its distoventral margin armed with subacute tooth and minute blunt subdistal projection, superior margin subrounded; scaphocerite overreaching antennular peduncle, lateral margin almost straight, blade slightly surpassing lateral tooth; carpocerite stout, reaching to approximately midlength of third antennular article, flagellum not particularly stout.</p><p>Third maxilliped (Fig. 7A) with coxa bearing strap-like epipod and somewhat broadly rounded lateral plate; antepenultimate article slender, about 5.4 times as long as proximal width, completely fused to ischium and basis, sutures not visible; penultimate article slender, about 0.4 times as long as antepenultimate article; ultimate article slender, tapering distally, about 1.7 times as long as penultimate article, distally armed with two small, subapical spiniform setae; exopod slender, slightly overreaching antepenultimate article; arthrobranch slightly hypertrophied, multilamellate.</p><p>First pereiopods (Fig. 6) subequal in size, but different in shape. Major cheliped (Fig. 6A–C) robust, carried flexed under body when not in use; coxa with strap-like epipod and setobranch; basis short; ischium relatively slender proximally and widening toward distal margin, about twice as long as proximal width, armed with one small spiniform seta on ventrolateral margin; merus relatively slender, about 1.5 times as long as ischium, ventral margin slightly concave, ventromesial margin with three small tubercles distributed near midlength; carpus vase-shaped, about four times as long as proximal width; chela enlarged, slightly swollen, as long as basis to merus combined lengths; palm slightly swollen, relatively slender, about 2.4 times as long as wide, subcylindrical, ventral margin with four small tubercles located on distal half, slightly longer than fingers; fingers with strongly crossing fingertips, not gapping when closed, dactylus with cutting edge serrated with minute teeth on proximal two-thirds; pollex serrated with minute teeth on proximal two-thirds and one subdistal tooth. Subminor cheliped (Fig. 6D–F) slightly more robust than major cheliped; coxa with strap-like epipod and setobranch; ischium relatively slender proximally and widening toward distal margin, about five times as long as proximal width, armed with one small spiniform seta on ventrolateral margin; merus relatively slender, about twice as long as ischium, ventral margin with shallow longitudinal concavity, ventromesial margin with four small tubercles distributed along midlength; carpus vase-shaped, about three times as long as proximal width; chela enlarged, stout, about 1.4 times as long as merus; palm moderately swollen, about three times as long as wide, subcylindrical, ventral margin with four small tubercles located on distal half, about 1.8 times as long as fingers; fingers stout, with strongly crossing fingertips, not gapping when closed, pollex with cutting edge armed with two strong subtriangular teeth, dactylus stout, strongly convex dorsally, cutting edge armed with two strong subtriangular teeth.</p><p>Second pereiopod (Fig. 7B) moderately long, slender; coxa with strap-like epipod and setobranch; ischium slender, about four times as long as wide, armed with small spiniform seta on ventrolateral margin; merus slender, slightly longer than ischium, ventral margin slightly concave; carpus slender, 1.2 times as long as merus, with five subdivisions, proximal subdivision longest, subequal to sum of others, second to fourth subdivisions subequal, last subdivision slightly shorter than combination of second to fourth ones, chela about 0.5 times as long as carpus.</p><p>Third pereiopod (Fig. 7C) moderately slender; coxa with strap-like epipod and setobranch; ischium slightly widening distally, about 3.7 times as long as widest part, with two small spiniform setae on ventrolateral surface; merus slightly inflated, about 1.3 times as long as ischium; carpus more slender and about 0.6 times as long as merus, 4.5 times as long as distal width, armed with small spiniform seta on distoventral margin; propodus slender, about 1.3 times as long as carpus, ventral margin with two single spiniform setae in addition to distal pair of spiniform setae flanking dactylar base and one spiniform seta on dorsodistal margin; dactylus simple, moderately slender, slightly curved, about 0.5 times as long as propodus. Fourth pereiopod (Fig. 7D) generally similar to third one but slightly more slender; ischium armed with one spiniform seta on distoventral margin in addition to two spiniform setae on mid-ventro-lateral margin. Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 7E) more or less similar to fourth pereiopod in length; coxa without strap-like epipod, with setobranch; merus slender, about 7.4 times as long as broad, twice as long as ischium; carpus lacking spiniform seta on distoventral margin; propodus bearing two small single spiniform setae on proximal half of ventral margin in addition to seven transverse rows of microserrulate setae on distal half of distoventral margin.</p><p>Uropods (Fig. 5E) with lateral lobe of protopod broadly triangular; exopod ovate, anterolateral margin with small triangular tooth adjacent to slender spiniform seta, diaeresis sinuous; endopod slightly longer than exopod, ovoid, without specific feature.</p><p>Colour in life (Fig. 8). Body generally semi-transparent; carapace with dense red chromophores all over except for frontal region; rest of body semi-transparent.</p><p>Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin word  “secundus,” meaning “second,” to emphasize that this is the second species in the genus  Salmoneus in which the unique chelipeds bear a resemblance to those found in several species of  Athanas Leach, 1814; used as a noun in apposition.</p><p>Type locality.  Nhatrang Bay, Vietnam, South China Sea (present study).</p><p>Remarks.  Salmoneus secundus sp. nov. is closely related to  S. yoyo, another distinctive species within the genus. Both species are easily distinguishable from other  Salmoneus species by their unique color patterns and the distinctive armament of their major and subminor chelipeds, i.e. tubercles on the ventromesial margin of the merus as well as the ventral margin of the palm (see Fig. 6; and Anker et al., figs 2B, D, G, I).  Salmoneus secundus sp. nov. differs from  S. yoyo in several characters. Firstly, and more importantly,  S. yoyo is characterized by a prominent hook-shaped projection on the distomesial margin of the merus of both the major and subminor chelipeds (Anker et al. 2016, fig 2B, D, E, G, I) which is absent in  S. secundus sp. nov. Secondly, in  S. secundus sp. nov., both fingers of the major cheliped are serrated with minuscule teeth on the proximal two-thirds, whereas  S. yoyo bears prominent teeth on both fingers (Anker et al. 2016, fig 2A–C, F–H). Thirdly, the scaphocerite of  S. secundus sp. nov. clearly overreaches the antennular peduncle, while in  S. yoyo it extends only to the extremity of the antennular peduncle (Anker et al. 2016, fig. 1A, B).</p><p>A distinctive feature of  S. secundus sp. nov. is the variation in the shape of the posteroventral flap of the sixth pleonite, which is incomplete on one side and complete on the other. With only a single specimen available, it is unclear whether this variation is typical of the species or represents a malformation. If the former, this species occupies a position intermediate of the genera  Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955, and  Deioneus Dworschak, Anker, and Abed-Navandi, 2000, based on this particular character. Anker (2020) reviewed the characters used by Dworschak et al. (2000) to differentiate  Salmoneus and  Deioneus and concluded that the presence of a complete articulated flap on the sixth pleuron is the only reliable character distinguishing  Deioneus from  Salmoneus . In the single available specimen of  S. secundus sp. nov., the articulated flap exhibits both complete and incomplete states, reflecting characteristics of the both genera. This raises questions about the reliability of this character in generic level differentiation. However, given the uncertainty surrounding the flap’s true status in  S. secundus sp. nov., and the fact that resolving the status of  Deioneus is beyond the scope of this study, we defer this discussion to a future analysis.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FCE32AC51908132AB4FC7FEBE2FCE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Ashrafi, Hossein;Ďuriš, Zdeněk	Ashrafi, Hossein, Ďuriš, Zdeněk (2025): Two new species of the genus Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Dacapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from the Western Pacific. Zootaxa 5609 (3): 405-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.3.6
