identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FA8787EA43F320FFE0FAF5FAA9FB2D.text	03FA8787EA43F320FFE0FAF5FAA9FB2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphenoptera (Chrysoblemma) orichalcea (Pallas 1781)	<div><p>Sphenoptera (Chrysoblemma) orichalcea (Pallas, 1781) (Figs 1–3)</p><p>Syn.: Sphenoptera fossulata Zoubkoff, 1829:157; Sphenoptera meyeri Gebler, 1830:76; Sphenoptera karelini Faldermann, 1833:46; Sphenoptera cupraria Mannerheim, 1837:96; Sphenoptera australis Gory &amp; Laporte, 1839:34; Sphenoptera zoubkoffii Gory, 1841:312; Sphenoptera impressicollis Motschulsky, 1860:414; Sphenoptera aciculata Marseul, 1865:395; Sphenoptera solskyi Becker, 1867:108; Sphenoptera cuprea Ballion, 1878; Sphenoptera wilkinsi Jakovlev, 1887:117; Sphenoptera astrachanica Reitter, 1890:278; Sphenoptera pruinosa Abeille de Perrin, 1891:267 .</p><p>Materials examined: 1♂, 1♀ (NHMUU), IRAN, West Azarbaijan (Azarbaijan-e Gharbi) province, saline lands around <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.61472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.04139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.61472/lat 37.04139)">Soldoz</a> wetland, 37°02′29″ N, 45°36′53″ E, Elev. 1280 m a.s.l., ex Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pall.) Bieb., 1819 ( Chenopodiaceae), collected 02.v.2019, imagoes reared at the end of May, 2019 ; 2♂♂, 1♀ (NASA), same data, but collected at 07.v.2020, imagoes reared at the end of May, 2020, leg.: Y. Karimpour (Fig. 2B); 1♂, ARMENIA, Armavir prov., env. Arazap, "Vordan karmir" <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.239166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=40.087776" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.239166/lat 40.087776)">State Sanctuary</a>, 40°05′16″ N, 44°14′21″ E, Elev. 850 m a.s.l. 28.v.2017, sweeping; leg.: M. Kalashian (Fig. 3B) .</p><p>Diagnosis (Fig. 2B – female; Fig. 3B – male)</p><p>Beetles of both sexes are of medium size, body length 7–17 mm, dorsal coloration very variable, from golden-green to blackish-bronzy, dorsal integument microrericulated, with distinct silky luster. Pronotum widest near or before middle with sides subparallel in posterior half and with approximately straight posterior angles, disk flattened medially. Anterior three-fifth of elytra are subparallel, apically elytra with three sharp teeth on each elytron. Sphenoptera orichalcea belongs to the subgenus Chrysoblemma Jakovlev, 1889, which is characterized by the same structure of elytral apices. All other species of the subgenus from Iran and Armenia except of S. tristicula Reitter, 1895 have smooth and shiny dorsal integument; pronotum in these species is widest behind middle, with sides more or less divergent towards sharp posterior angles. Sphenoptera tristicula with structure of dorsal integument similar to S. orichalcea is black with more or less distinct bluish reflection, pronotum spheroidal with disk nearly regularly convex.</p><p>Life cycle</p><p>Adult beetles appear from mid-May. After emergence and mating, the fertile female beetles make an oviposition hole in the upper parts of host plant stem and lay single egg in each hole. After hatching, young larvae tunnel down the H. strobilaceum stem until reaching the root area just below the soil surface. The larvae feed on the main and lateral roots of the host plant and make a distinct mine in it (Fig. 1). The beetle complete one generation per year and overwinters as full development larvae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FA8787EA43F320FFE0FAF5FAA9FB2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kalashian, Mark;Davodi, Morteza;Karimpour, Younes	Kalashian, Mark, Davodi, Morteza, Karimpour, Younes (2022): New and reconfirmed records of Sphenoptera orichalcea (Pallas, 1781) (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) from Iran and Armenia. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics 8 (1): 1-7, DOI: 10.52547/jibs.8.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.52547/jibs.8.1.1
