taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F98790FFA54465FCFD591F9A90F930.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 – 6)	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFA54465FCFD591F9A90F930.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Syntypes. 8 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀, 13 ovig. ♀♀, Persien (= Iran), Shiraz, leg. Kotschy, det. Heller 1862, NHW 469. Additional material Iran: 11 ♀♀ cl 4.5 – 6.9 mm, 4 ♂♂ cl 4.6 – 5.3 mm, Fars Province, small streams, leg. P. Malekpouri, 04.2012, OUMNH 2012 - 01 - 0063; 1 ovig. ♀ cl 5.8 mm, Fars Province, Persepolis, Kor River, leg. P. Bianco & S. Zeruhian, 30.05.76, RMNH. CRUS. D. 31507; 4 ♀♀ cl 2.67 – 5.0 mm, 1 ♂ cl 2.77 mm, 6 juveniles 2.08 – 2.57 mm, Fars Province, south bank of Lake Maharloo, leg. S. Bauer, 09.06.1975, ZMA. CRUS. D. 103251; 6 ♀♀ cl 3.52 – 4.41 mm, 1 ♂ cl 3.22 mm, Fars Province, springs around Maharloo Lake (= Daryacheh-ye Maharlu), 29 ° 25 ' N 52 ° 50 ' E, leg. S. Gorgin, 07.09.1992, RMNH. CRUS. D. 42411; 1 ovig. ♀ cl 5.20 mm, 9 ♀♀ cl. 2.97 – 4.85 mm, Fars province, Spring Beedee (= Cheshmeh-Beedee), about 15 km S of Shiraz, 29 ° 24 ' N 52 ° 24 ' E, altitude 1400 m above sea level, RMNH. CRUS. D. 42408; 4 ♂♂ cl 2.13 – 2.97 mm, 2 ♀♀ cl 2.23 – 2.97 mm, 22 juveniles, Fars Province, S of Shiraz (= Sjiras), Baba Hadji, leg. K. Lindberg, 11.03.1940, RMNH. CRUS. D. 20934; 8 ovig. ♀♀ cl 5.05 – 6.04 mm, 2 ♀♀ cl 4.55 – 4.95 mm, Fars province, N of Tashk (= Nargis), E of Shiraz, Spring Gumum (= Cheshmeh-e-Gumum), 29 ° 48 ' N 53 ° 28 ' E, altitude 1600 m, leg. S. Gorgin, 01.04.1993, RMNH. CRUS. D. 42537; 1 ♂ cl 3.81 mm, 9 ♀♀ cl 4.90 – 6.14 mm, Fars province, SE of Shiraz, Kampe-Atashkadeh near Fasa, 29 ° 8 ' N 53 ° 37 ' E, altitude 1700 m, leg. S. Gorgin, 25.03.1993, RMNH. CRUS. D. 42538; 2 ♀♀ cl 3.47 – 4.95 mm, 10 ♂♂ cl 3.17 – 3.81 mm, Fars province, SE of Shiraz, W of Maharloo Lake, Barmishur-e-Paeen, 29 ° 27 ' N 52 ° 41 ' E, altitude 1450 m above sea level, leg. S. Gorgin, 12.03.1993, RMNH. CRUS. D. 42559. Comparative material examined Syntypes. C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904. Syria: 1 ♀ cl 4.7 mm in poor condition, leg. Letourneux, 1882, MNHN-IU- 2013 - 11299 (= MNHN-Na 906); remainings of 1 specimen, probably female, leg. Letourneux, 1882 MNHN-IU- 2013 - 11298 (= MNHN-Na 906); components of 6 specimens, cl 4.5 – 4.7 mm, leg. Letourneux, 1882, MNHN-IU- 2013 - 11297 (= MNHN-Na 905).	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFA54465FCFD591F9A90F930.taxon	description	Description Cephalothorax and cephalic appendages. Medium-sized shrimp with carapace length 2.1 – 6.1 mm in apparently adult specimens (n = 65). Carapace (Figs. 2 A and 4 A) smooth, antennal spine almost fused with the inferior orbital angle, pterygostomial angle rounded. Rostrum (Figs. 2 A, B and 4 A) pointed, slightly sigmoid or almost straight, armed with 19 – 26 teeth throughout dorsal margin, with 5 – 13 teeth on ventral margin, reaching to or (in most specimens) slightly overreaching distal margin of scaphocerite, slightly overreaching antennular peduncle in few specimens, 0.92 – 1.18 (median 0.93, n = 5) times as long as carapace. Rostrum formula 2 – 6 (4) + 15 – 21 / 5 – 13 (6). Eyes (Figs. 2 A and 4 A) well developed with pigmented globular cornea. Antennula (Fig. 4 B) and antenna (Fig. 4 C) well developed. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 4 B) 0.72 – 0.92 (median 0.76, n = 4) times as long as carapace, first segment 1.80 – 2.04 (median 1.785, n = 3) times as long as second segment, distolateral angle with an acute projection 0.37 – 0.40 (median 0.38, n = 3) times as long as second segment; second segment 1.79 – 2.25 (median 2.18, n = 3) times length of third segment. Stylocerite pointed, reaching to 0.73 – 0.84 (median 0.80, n = 3) times length of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite (Fig. 4 C) with well-developed distolateral tooth, 3.33 – 4.21 (median 3.83, n = 3) times as long as wide. Abdominal somites, telson and uropods. Sixth abdominal somite (Fig. 2 A) 0.49 – 0.57 (median 0.53, n = 3) times length of carapace, 1.75 – 1.96 (median 1.82, n = 3) times as long as fifth somite, 0.77 – 0.80 (median 0.77, n = 3) times as long as telson. Telson (Fig. 4 D, I) slightly tapering distally, 3.0 – 3.32 (median 3.30, n = 3) times as long as proximally wide, distal margin convex to triangular, without or with a very small median projection, lateral angles not overreaching distal margin, with 4 – 6 (n = 36) pairs of dorsal short spiniform setae and one pair of short spiniform setae dorsolateral; distal margin with 6 – 16 (n = 36) strong spiniform setae of about equal length. Preanal carina (Fig. 4 E) rounded or triangular without a tooth or spine. Uropodal diaeresis (Fig. 4 F) with 7 – 10 (mostly 9, n = 39) movable spiniform setae, outermost one shorter than lateral angle. Mouthparts and branchiae. Mandible (Fig. 5 A) without palp, incisor process ending in irregular teeth, molar process truncated. Lower lacinia of maxillula (Fig. 5 B) broadly rounded with long pappose setae and few rows of serrate setae near margin and scattered cuspidate setae proximal, upper lacinia elongate, with numerous distinct cuspidate setae flanked by a row of serrate setae on inner margin and few papose setae subterminal, palp slender with few papose setae and one cuspidate seta near tip. Upper endites of maxilla (Fig. 5 C) subdivided, furnished with numerous pappose, simple and papposerrate setae arranged in rows, palp slender, scaphognathite tapering posteriorly, fringed with long, curved serrulate setae at truncated posterior margin and plumose setae inferior. Palp of first maxilliped (Fig. 5 D) ending in a triangular extension, caridean lobe and flagellum with plumose setae, basis with numerous pappose, papposerrate and serrate setae arranged in rows and tufts. Podobranch on second maxilliped (Fig. 5 E) well developed; exopod slender, overreaching propodal segment, with long plumose setae distally; basis and merus with rows of papose setae, distolateral margin of penultimate segment with several pappose and serrate setae; dactylus with numerous serrate setae flanked by a row of pappose setae. Third maxilliped (Fig. 5 F) slender, with one well developed and one strongly reduced arthrobranch; exopod slender, slightly overreaching the distal margin of antepenultimate segment, with few long plumose setae distally; antepenultimate segment of endopod slender, with several simple setae and some pappose setae basally and few plumose setae distally, inner margin with few short serrate setae; penultimate segment slender, with straight lateral margins, with few plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margin, inner margin with rows of short serrate setae; ultimate segment longer than penultimate segment, tapering distally, ending in a claw-like curved spiniform setae (nail), proximal to the nail about 18 cuspidate setae are arranged in two rows; inner margin dense beset with rows of serrated setae; epipod well developed, with distal hook. One well developed podobranch on second maxilliped, two arthrobranchs (one of them strongly reduced) on third maxilliped, first pereiopod without an arthrobranch. Pleurobranchs present on all pereiopods. Well-developed epipods (with hooks on distal end) present on third maxilliped and first 4 pereiopods. Setobranchs on all pereiopods. Pereiopods. First and second pereiopods chelate. Chela of first pereiopod (Fig. 4 G) caridinoid in shape, with well-developed palm, 2.03 – 2.44 (median 2.15, n = 6) times as long as wide, 1.16 – 1.44 (median 1.30, n = 6) times as long as carpus; tips of fingers rounded, without hooks; dactylus 2.70 – 3.66 (median 3.01, n = 6) times as long as wide, 0.98 – 1.35 (median 1.14, n = 6) times as long as palm, with tufts of setae distally; carpus slender, slightly excavated distally, 1.63 – 2.41 (median 1.87, n = 7) times as long as wide, 0.86 – 1.00 (median 0.92, n = 7) times as long as merus. Merus not inflated, 2.59 – 3.45 (median 3.17, n = 7) times as long as wide, 1.12 – 1.41 (median 1.19, n = 7) as long as ischium. Chela of second pereiopod (Fig. 4 H) caridinoid in shape, with well-developed palm, 2.22 – 2.89 (median 2.76, n = 6) times as long as wide, 0.74 – 0.86 (median 0.82, n = 6) times as long as carpus; tips of fingers rounded, without hooks, dactylus 3.14 – 4.29 (median 3.55, n = 5) times as long as wide, 1.04 – 1.48 (median 1.18, n = 6) times as long as palm, with tufts of setae distally; carpus slender, 4.45 – 5.22 (median 4.67, n = 6) times as long as wide, 1.05 – 1.21 (median 1.14, n = 5) times as long as merus. Merus not inflated, 4.23 – 5.21 (median 5.17, n = 5) times as long as wide, 1.08 – 1.27 (median 1.18, n = 3) times as long as ischium. Third pereiopod (Figs. 2 C, E and 6 A) sexually dimorphic; dactylus (Fig. 6 B) 3.10 – 4.29 (median 3.59, n = 6) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spiniform setae on flexor margin included), terminating in 2 large claws, with 27 or 28 accessory spiniform setae on flexor margin in males, terminating in one large claw with 20 – 26 accessory spiniform setae on flexor margin in females; propodus strongly dilated distally and with numerous small spiniform setae on inner margin in adult males, less dilated in females and subadult males, propodus 5.67 – 8.92 (median 8.18, n = 6) times as long as wide, 2.32 – 3.13 (median 2.67, n = 6) times as long as dactylus; carpus 4.18 – 4.96 (median 4.70, n = 5) times as long as wide, 0.60 – 0.69 (median 0.64, n = 5) times as long as propodus, 0.50 – 0.60 (median 0.55, n = 5) times as long as merus, with one large spiniform setae near distal margin; merus 5.85 – 7.64 (median 6.97, n = 5) times as long as wide, 1.67 – 2.02 (median 1.82, n = 5) times as long as carpus, bearing 2 or 3 strong movable spiniform setae on externo-inferior margin; ischium with one spiniform setae (lacking in one female specimen examined). Fourth pereipopod (Figs. 2 D, 2 F, 6 C – D), similar to third but slightly smaller. Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 6 E) slender; dactylus (Fig. 6 F) 3.17 – 4.09 (median 3.81, n = 5) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spiniform setae on flexor margin included), terminating in one large claw, with 33 – 52 spiniform setae on flexor margin; propodus with small spiniform setae on ventral margin, more densely in distal part, distal pair of spiniform setae not enlarged, propodus 7.71 – 9.20 (median 8.0, n = 5) times as long as wide, 2.40 – 2.84 (median 2.55, n = 5) times as long as dactylus; carpus 4.0 – 4.21 (median 4.17, n = 3) times as long as wide, 0.56 – 0.58 (median 0.57, n = 3) times as long as propodus, 0.63 – 0.67 (median 0.63, n = 3) times as long as merus, with 1 strong spiniform setae near distal margin; merus 5.50 – 6.40 (median 5.94, n = 3) times as long as wide, 1.49 – 1.60 (median 1.58, n = 3) times as long as carpus, bearing 2 – 3 strong appressed movable spiniform setae on externo-inferior margin. Ischium without a spiniform seta. Pleopods. Endopod of male's first pleopod (Figs. 3 C and 6 G) slender leaf-like, subdistally with a distinct appendix interna furnished with numerous small cincunnuli near tip, 3.33 – 3.85 (n = 2) times as long as proximal width, 0.54 – 0.67 (n = 2) times as long as exopod, with long setae on outer and distal margin, with few short pappose setae on basal part of inner margin. Appendix masculina on male second pleopod (Figs. 3 D and 6 H, I) rod-like, 7.69 (n = 1) times as long as wide, 0.57 (n = 1) times as long as endopod, armed with strong spiniform setae on inner margin and distal margin; appendix interna arising from about 0.4 times length of appendix masculina, failing short of tip of appendix masculina. Sexual dimorphism. Males similar to females except size, third and fourth pereiopods (Figs. 2 C – F, 6 A – D) and sexual appendages (Figs. 3 A – D, 6 G – I). The main morphological differences from females lead in the shape and spinulation of distal segments of third and fourth pereiopods and structure of the endopod of first pleopod as well as the presence of an appendix masculina in second pleopod (Figs. 3 D, 6 G – I). Reproductive biology. Ovigerous females with few large eggs (Fig. 3 A); size of developed eggs (with eyes) 1.07 – 1.13 × 0.61 – 0.73 mm. Size. Postorbital carapace length of apparently adult specimens 2.1 – 6.1 mm. Colouration. Unknown.	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFA54465FCFD591F9A90F930.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known from freshwaters in Iran, and specifically from rivers, springs and lakes of the Fars province (Fig. 1 B).	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFA54465FCFD591F9A90F930.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The original description of C. fossarum published in 1862 (Heller 1862) is rather brief and does not contain many details on morphology of third pereiopods, branchiae or sexual appendages. Reexamination of the type material as well as examination of additional material deposited at the OUMNH and RMNH revealed a remarkable sexual dimorphism of this species not yet described in other species of genus Caridina. Although some morphological characters of C. fossarum, e. g., the reduced branchial formula and the striking sexual dimorphism with propodi of third pereiopods dilated distal and beset with numerous spiniform setae in males are matching the description of the genus Puteonator, it might be premature to assign C. fossarum to this genus as in molecular analysis this species is found in a narrow clade with other members of genus Caridina and no material of Puteonator iraquiensis Gurney, 1987 is available for DNA analysis.	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFA34468FFCF59A59A69FCAF.taxon	description	(Fig. 7)	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFA34468FFCF59A59A69FCAF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Syntypes. 1 ♀ cl 4.7 mm in poor condition, Syrie, leg. Letourneux, 1882, MNHN-IU- 2013 - 11299 (= MNHN-Na 906); remainings of 1 specimen, probably female, Syrie, leg. Letourneux, 1882, MNHN-IU- 2013 - 11298 (= MNHN-Na 906); components of 6 specimens cl 4.5 – 4.7 mm including 3 abdomens with eggs, Syrie, leg. Letourneux, 1882, MNHN-IU- 2013 - 11297 (= MNHN-Na 905).	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFA34468FFCF59A59A69FCAF.taxon	description	Description Cephalothorax and cephalic appendages. Medium-sized shrimp with carapace length 4.5 – 4.7 mm in apparently adult specimens (n = 8). Carapace (Fig. 7 A) smooth, antennal spine slightly separated from the inferior orbital angle, pterygostomial angle rounded. Rostrum reaching to end of second segment of antennular peduncle in the female specimen with collection number MNHN-IU- 2013 - 11299 (= MNHN-Na 906); conserv / ation status of other material is too bad to obtain relative rostrum length, 0.71 – 0.95 (median 0.74, n = 3) times carapace length, slightly sigmoid or straight, dorsal teeth arranged closely until near to tip or distal 0.12 of rostrum unarmed, ventral teeth placed near midlength of rostrum; rostrum formula 1 – 2 + 14 – 23 / 1 – 8. Eyes well developed with pigmented cornea globular. Antennula and antenna well developed. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 7 B) 0.62 – 0.76 (n = 2) times as long as carapace, first segment 2.06 – 2.61 (n = 2) times as long as second segment, distolateral angle with an acute projection 0.33 – 0.47 (n = 2) times as long as second segment; second segment 1.50 – 2.13 (n = 2) times length of third segment. Stylocerite pointed, reaching to 0.98 – 1.00 (n = 2) times length of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite (Fig. 7 C) with well-developed distolateral tooth, 3.19 – 3.81 (median 3.67, n = 3) times as long as wide. Abdominal somites, telson and uropods. Sixth abdominal somite 0.56 (n = 1) times length of carapace, 1.66 – 2.00 (median 1.79, n = 4) times as long as fifth somite, as long as telson (n = 2). Telson (Fig. 7 D, G) slightly tapering distally, distal margin convex without a median projection, lateral angles not overreaching distal margin, dorsal with 3 or 4 (n = 3) pairs of short spiniform setae and one pair of short spiniform setae dorsolateral; distal margin with one pair of strong lateral spiniform setae and about 8 thin setae medial, longer than lateral ones. Uropodal diaeresis (Fig. 7 E) with 11 – 13 (n = 3) spiniform setae, outer one slightly shorter than lateral angle. Mouthparts and branchiae. Third maxilliped slender, with ultimate segment slightly longer than penultimate segment. Well-developed epipods (with hooks on distal end) present on third maxilliped and first 4 pereiopods. Pereiopods. First and second pereiopods chelate. Chela of first pereiopod (Fig. 7 F) caridinoid in shape, with well-developed palm, 2.0 (n = 1) times as long as wide, 1.2 (n = 1) times as long as carpus; tips of fingers rounded, without hooks but tufts of setae distally; dactylus 2.74 (n = 1) times as long as wide, 1.0 (n = 1) times as long as palm; carpus slender, very slightly excavated distally, 2.22 – 2.56 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 0.98 (n = 2) times as long as merus. Merus not inflated, 3.50 – 3.57 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 1.24 (n = 1) times as long as ischium. Merus of second pereiopod not inflated, 5.0 – 5.18 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 1.14 – 1.15 times as long as ischium: Carpus of fifth pereiopod 5.0 (n = 1) times as long as wide, 0.47 – 0.52 (n = 2), 0.65 (n = 1) times as long as merus, with 1 strong spiniform setae near distal margin and 3 tiny spiniform setae on flexor margin; merus 8.40 (n = 1) times as long as wide, 1.53 (n = 1) times as long as carpus, bearing 1 strong movable spiniform setae on externo-inferior margin. Ischium of this leg without a spiniform seta. Reproductive biology. Ovigerous females with few large eggs; size of undeveloped eggs (without eyes) 0.83 – 0.92 × 0.54 – 0.56 mm. Size. Postorbital carapace length of apparently adult specimens 4.5 – 4.7 mm. Colouration. Unknown.	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFA34468FFCF59A59A69FCAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species is reported from Syria, but the exact collection details are unknown (Fig. 1 B).	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFA34468FFCF59A59A69FCAF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. As already mentioned by Bouvier in 1904, the type material of C. syriaca is in a very poor condition. It consists of one female and remnants of another, probably female specimen, and a vial containing components of six specimens. Bouvier himself was in doubt about the identity of this species and stated that it might be conspecific to C. fossarum. Later (Bouvier 1925) he considered C. syriaca a valid species, though. More recently, C. syriaca again was treated as a junior synonym of C. fossarum (Grave & Fransen 2011). Despite the poor conservation status of this material, characters of the telson of two specimens are clearly showing that C. syriaca is different from C. fossarum. In the latter, the outermost spiniform setae on the distal margin of the telson are longer than the intermediate ones (vs. outermost setae shorter than median ones). This character was also shown by Bouvier (Fig. 479, p. 215) in his monograph on atyid shrimp (Bouvier 1925). This character also distinguishes C. syriaca from Caridina shahrazadae sp. nov. found in Iran. In the shape of the rostrum, the slender carpi of the first pair of pereiopods and the telson with intermediate setae longer than lateral spiniform setae, C. syriaca is very similar to Caridina togoenis Hilgendorf, 1893 described from northern and central Africa (Richard & Clark 2009). While it seems rather unlikely that the same species occurs in these two geographically widely separated areas (and the possibility of mislabelling samples cannot be excluded), the limited characters that could be studied in the syntype material do not allow to decide whether C. syriaca is different from Caridina togoensis or must be treated as a junior synonym of the latter. No recent material of C. syriaca was available for the present study.	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFAE4468FF295C349EFFFCCB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Iraq: 12 ♂♂ cl 3.0 – 4.6 mm, 16 ♀♀ cl 2.7 – 6.0 mm, 4 juveniles cl 2.2 – 2.5 mm, Basrah, Shatt Al-Arab, Khur Trad Creek, leg. S. D. Salman, 19.12.2011, OUMNH 2012 - 01 - 0061; 4 ovig. ♀♀ cl 4.9 – 5.4 mm, 2 ♀♀ cl 5.1 mm, Shatt Al-Arab Region, Garmat Ali River (Khur-Traad Creek), 30 ° 34.0 ' N 47 ° 45.1 ' E, leg. M. Al-Maliki, 01.01.2006, OUMNH 2011 - 01 - 0013; 1 ♂ cl 4.7 mm, 1 ♀ cl 5.4 mm, 4 ovig. ♀♀ cl 4.6 – 5.2 mm, Shatt Al-Arab Region, Garmat Ali River (Khur-Traad creek), leg. M. Nasser 2006, OUMNH 2009 - 21 - 0005; 6 ♂♂ cl 3.4 – 4.5 mm, 1 ♀ cl 5.0 mm, 2 ovig. ♀♀ cl 5.3 and 6.4 mm, Shatt-Al-Arab, Garmat Ali River (Khur-Traad Creek), leg. M. Naser 01.01.2006, OUMNH 2012 - 02 - 0007. C. kempi Jalihal, Shenoy & Sankolli, 1984. India: 1 ♂ cl 6.6 mm, 1 ♀ cl 4.8 mm Ajanta, leg. D. Seelaus, 01.2006, ZMB 30225; 7 Exuviae, Ajanta, leg. D. Seelaus, 01.2006, WK-TL, WK-PK, WK-PF. C. fernandoi Arudpragasam & Costa, 1962. Sri Lanka: 1 ♀ cl 3.7 mm, 1 ovig. ♀ cl 5.0 mm, Western Province, Maha Oya near Giriulla, 7 ° 17.08 ' N 80 ° 3.69 ' E, leg. W. Klotz, 06.02.2017, ZMB 30168; 1 ♀ cl 3.1 mm, 1 ovig. ♀ cl 5.0 mm, North Western Province, river near Barandana, 7 ° 30.0 ' N 80 ° 26.50 ' E, leg. W. Klotz, 06.02.2017, ZMB 30171; 1 ♀ cl 2.6 mm, North Central Province, Minneriya Wewa, 8 ° 3.91 ' N 80 ° 53.56 ' E, leg. W. Klotz 07.02.2017, ZMB 30174; 1 ♀ cl 3.9 mm, 1 ovig. ♀ cl 5.0 mm, Samaragamuwa Province, Mawanella, Maha Oya, river with rocks, 7 ° 14.96 ' N 80 ° 0.26.63 ' E, leg. W. Klotz, 09.02.2017, ZMB 30181; 1 ♀ cl 2.9 mm, 1 ovig. ♀ cl 4.5 mm, Central Province, Kandy Lake, 7 ° 17.28 ' N 80 ° 38.73 ' E, leg. W. Klotz, 10.02.2017, ZMB 30193; 1 specimen, Kandalama Lake, 7 ° 52.276 ' N 80 ° 42.354 ' E, leg. K. Quante, 12.2008, ZMB 30761. Comparative material examined Caridina cf. babaulti. India: West Bengal, 2 specimens from aquarium population, ZMB 30757.	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFAE4468FF295C349EFFFCCB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In the original description of C. babaulti basrensis (Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987) the authors compared their material from small channels connected to Shatt al-Arab River, Iraq with C. babaulti described from India by Bouvier in 1918. They did not mention C. kempi, a species described three years before from Dharwar, India (Jalihal et al. 1984). Both descriptions are rather detailed and a comparison suggests that these two species might be identical. Descriptions of larval development of both species (Salman 1987; Jalihal et al. 2000) are very similar. Both species pass through six zoeal stages until metamorphosis to postlarvae. In addition, the morphology of each stage is matching. Thus, larval development supports the synonymy of these two species. For the present study topotypical material of C. babaulti basrensis as well as specimens of C. kempi from Western India were compared with specimens of C. fernandoi from several locations in Sri Lanka including one of the type localities of this species by morphological examination as well as mtDNA analysis (see below). Our results revealed that both C. babaulti basrensis and C. kempi must considered as junior synonyms of C. fernandoi. As C. fernandoi now is considered to have a much wider distribution, it should be compared to species described from other locations in South Asia as well. As the focus of this study was on species of Caridina collected from the Middle East with just a few related species from other areas included for comparison, further studies are necessary to clarify the taxonomy of this group. This also includes a revision of the syntype material of C. babaulti Bouvier, 1918, as this material comprises more than one species (W. Klotz, personal observation).	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFAE446CFCE75C109E16FF05.taxon	description	(Figs. 8 – 10)	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFAE446CFCE75C109E16FF05.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype. ♀ cl 3.6 mm, Syria, Hassaka, Ain Saluba and Ain Hamza in Ras al Ain, 36 ° 51 ' N 40 ° 4 ' E, leg. F. Krupp, 03.10.1988, SMF- 51548. Paratypes. 17 ovig. ♀♀ cl 4.0 – 5.1 mm, 10 ♀♀ cl 3.6 – 4.7 mm, 8 ♂♂ cl 2.8 – 3.6 mm, same data as holotype, SMF- 43903; 8 ♀♀ cl 2.4 – 5.0 mm, 1 ♂ cl 2.5 mm, Syria, Hasakah, river in Ain Kibrit near Quattina, leg. F. Krupp, 05.10.1988, SMF- 43902.	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFAE446CFCE75C109E16FF05.taxon	description	Description Cephalothorax and cephalic appendages. Medium-sized shrimp with carapace length 3.1 – 5.1 mm in apparently adult specimens (n = 45). Carapace (Fig. 8 A) smooth, antennal spine at inferior orbital angle, pterygostomial angle rounded, with a distinct tooth. Rostrum (Fig. 8 A) strong, slightly to distinct sigmoid, armed with 23 – 33 teeth throughout dorsal margin, with 6 – 14 teeth in distal half of ventral margin, reaching to or slightly beyond distal margin of scaphocerite in most specimens, in some specimens reaching almost to distal end of the antennular peduncle, 0.78 – 1.19 (median 0.96, n = 14) times as long as carapace. Rostrum formula 2 – 4 + 19 – 30 / 6 – 14. Eyes (Fig. 8 A) well developed with pigmented cornea globular. Antennula and antenna well developed. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 8 B) 0.70 – 0.96 (median 0.80, n = 9) times as long as carapace, first segment 1.90 – 2.50 (median 2.33, n = 8) times as long as second segment, distolateral angle with an acute projection 0.50 – 0.73 (median 0.65, n = 8) times as long as second segment; second segment 1.60 – 1.88 (median 1.76, n = 8) times length of third segment. Stylocerite pointed, reaching to 0.84 – 1.0 (median 0.93, n = 8) times of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite (Fig. 8 C) with well-developed distolateral tooth, 3.64 – 4.15 (median 3.84, n = 4) times as long as wide. Abdominal somites, telson and uropods. Sixth abdominal somite 0.54 – 0.67 (median 0.60, n = 7) times length of carapace, 1.58 – 1.89 (median 1.74, n = 7) times as long as fifth somite, 0.79 – 0.94 (median 0.87, n = 7) times as long as telson. Telson (Fig. 8 D, I) slightly tapering distally, distal convex without a median projection, lateral angles not overreaching distal margin, dorsal with 3 – 6 (n = 6) pairs of short spiniform setae and one pair of short spiniform setae dorsolateral; distal margin with 6 – 9 (n = 6) strong spiniform setae. Lateral pair longer than intermediate ones, sublateral pair shortest. Preanal carina (Fig. 8 E) low, rounded, without a tooth or spine. Uropodal diaeresis (Fig. 8 F) with 10 – 14 (n = 7) movable spiniform setae, outermost one shorter than lateral angle. Mouthparts and branchiae. Mandible (Fig. 9 A) without palp, incisor process ending in irregular teeth, molar process truncated. Lower lacinia of maxillula (Fig. 9 B) broadly rounded to subrectangular with long pappose setae and few rows of serrate setae near margin, upper lacinia elongate, with numerous distinct cuspidate setae flanked by a row of serrate setae on inner margin and few pappose setae subterminal, palp slender with few pappose setae and one cuspidate seta near tip. Upper endites of maxilla (Fig. 9 C) subdivided, furnished with numerous pappose, simple and papposerrate setae arranged in rows, palp slender, scaphognathite tapering posteriorly, fringed with long, curved serrulate setae at truncated posterior margin and plumose setae inferior. Palp of first maxilliped (Fig. 9 D) ending in a short, triangular extension, caridean lobe and flagellum with plumose setae, basis with numerous pappose, papposerrate and serrate setae arranged in rows and tufts. Endopod reaching beyond distal margin of caridean lobe. Podobranch on second maxilliped (Fig. 9 E) well developed, exopod slender, overreaching propodal segment, with long plumose setae distally; basis and merus with rows of pappose setae, distolateral margin of penultimate segment with several pappose and serrate setae; dactylus with numerous serrate setae flanked by a row of pappose setae. Third maxilliped (Fig. 9 F) slender, with one well developed and one small arthrobranch; exopod slender, slightly overreaching the distal margin of antepenultimate segment, with few long plumose setae distally; antepenultimate segment of endopod slender, with some pappose setae basally, distal with few short simple setae; penultimate segment slender, with straight lateral margins, with few plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margin, inner margin with rows of short serrated setae; ultimate segment about as long as penultimate segment, tapering distally, ending in a claw-like curved spiniform setae (nail), proximal to the nail 4 – 7 cuspidate setae; inner margin dense beset with rows of serrate setae, some serrate setae also on dorsal margin; epipod well developed, with distal hook. Podobranch on second maxilliped well developed, two arthrobranchs (one of them small) on third maxilliped, first pereiopod with a small but well developed arthrobranch. Pleurobranchs present on all pereiopods. Well-developed epipods (with hooks on distal end) present on third maxilliped and first four pereiopods. Setobranchs on all pereiopods. Pereiopods. First and second pereiopods chelate. Chela of first pereiopod (Fig. 8 G) caridinoid in shape, with well-developed palm, 1.89 – 2.43 (median 2.14, n = 8) times as long as wide, 1.24 – 1.34 (median 1.30, n = 8) times as long as carpus; tips of fingers rounded, with tufts of setae distally; dactylus 3.0 – 4.0 (median 3.42, n = 8) times as long as wide, 1.07 – 1.8 (median 1.36, n = 8) times as long as palm; carpus slender, slightly excavated distally, 1.91 – 2.45 (median 2.23, n = 8) times as long as wide, 0.81 – 0.89 (median 0.87, n = 6) times as long as merus. Merus not inflated, 2.91 – 3.65 (median 3.31, n = 6) times as long as wide, 1.16 – 1.30 (median 1.25, n = 6) as long as ischium. Chela of second pereiopod (Fig. 8 H) caridinoid in shape, with well-developed palm, 2.5 – 2.89 (median 2.81, n = 6) times as long as wide, 0.65 – 0.83 (median 0.78, n = 6) times as long as carpus; tips of fingers rounded, with tufts of setae distally, dactylus 3.5 – 4.80 (median 4.08, n = 6) times as long as wide, 1.33 – 1.60 (median 1.39, n = 6) times as long as palm; carpus slender, 4.78 – 6.32 (median 5.30, n = 6) times as long as wide, 1.04 – 1.28 (median 1.09, n = 6) times as long as merus. Merus not inflated, 4.29 – 6.43 (median 5.41, n = 6) times as long as wide, 1.17 – 1.68 (median 1.25, n = 6) times as long as ischium. Third pereiopod (Fig. 10 A) slightly dimorph between sexes; dactylus (Fig. 10 B) 2.14 – 2.50 (median 2.50, n = 3) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spiniform setae on flexor margin included), terminating in a large claw, with 5 or 6 accessory curved spiniform setae on flexor margin in males, 3.5 – 3.83 (n = 2) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spiniform setae on flexor margin included) terminating in one large claw with 6 or 7 accessory straight spiniform setae on flexor margin in females; propodus not dilated distally and with two rows of small spiniform setae on inner margin (Fig. 10 G), propodus 8.36 – 11.0 (median 9.43, n = 5) times as long as wide, 3.29 – 3.86 (median 3.33, n = 5) times as long as dactylus; carpus 4.33 – 5.5 (median 5.17, n = 6) times as long as wide, 0.56 – 0.72 (median 0.65, n = 5) times as long as propodus, 0.43 – 0.59 (median 0.51, n = 6) times as long as merus, with one large spiniform seta near distal margin and 3 or 4 small spiniform setae on inferior margin; merus 6.0 – 8.64 (median 6.76, n = 6) times as long as wide, 1.71 – 2.31 (median 1.97, n = 6) times as long as carpus, bearing 3 or 4 strong movable spiniform setae on externo-inferior margin; ischium with one spiniform seta. Fourth pereipopod similar to third but slightly smaller (Fig. 10 C – D). Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 10 E) slender; dactylus (Fig. 10 F) 3.33 – 4.29 (median 3.85, n = 6) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spiniform setae on flexor margin included), terminating in one large claw, with 30 – 40 spiniform setae on flexor margin; propodus with 2 rows of small spiniform setae on ventral margin, distal pair of spiniform setae not enlarged, propodus 9.43 – 12.25 (median 9.95, n = 6) times as long as wide, 2.83 – 3.3 (median 3.21, n = 6) times as long as dactylus; carpus 2.79 – 5.30 (median 4.92, n = 6) times as long as wide, 0.51 – 0.57 (n = 6) times as long as propodus, 0.58 – 0.67 (median 0.63, n = 6) times as long as merus, with 1 strong spiniform setae near distal margin and 3 – 5 small spiniform setae on inferior margin; merus 6.67 – 8.50 (median 7.32, n = 6) times as long as wide, 1.49 – 1.71 (median 1.6, n = 2) times as long as carpus, bearing 2 or 3 strong movable spiniform setae on externo-inferior margin. Ischium without a spiniform seta. Pleopods. Endopod of male's first pleopod (Fig. 10 H) slender subrectangular, without an appendix interna, 2.77 – 3.67 (n = 2) times as long as proximal width, 0.43 times as long as exopod, with simple setae on inner margin, with pappose setae on distal and outer margin. Appendix masculina on male second pleopod (Fig. 10 I) rod-like, 9.0 – 11.33 (median 10.0, n = 3) times as long as wide, 0.65 – 0.82 (median 0.68, n = 3) times as long as endopod, armed with strong spiniform setae on inner and distal margin; appendix interna arising from about 0.4 times length of appendix masculina, reaching to about 0.6 times length of appendix masculina. Sexual dimorphism. Males similar to females except size, third and fourth pereiopods and sexual appendages. The main morphological differences from females lead in the shape and spinulation of dactyli of third and fourth pereiopods (Fig. 10 A – D, G) and structure of the endopod of first pleopod as well as the presence of an appendix masculina in second pleopod (Fig. 10 H – I). Reproductive biology. Ovigerous females with few large eggs; size of undeveloped eggs (without eyes) 0.83 – 0.86 × 0.50 – 0.58 mm. Size. Postorbital carapace length of apparently adult specimens 2.4 – 5.0 mm. Colouration. Unknown.	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFAE446CFCE75C109E16FF05.taxon	etymology	Etymology. C. enbilului sp. nov. is named after Enbilulu, the god of rivers and canals in Mesopotamian mythology.	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFAE446CFCE75C109E16FF05.taxon	distribution	Distribution. C. enbilului sp. nov. is known from two localities at a small river in the north-eastern part of Syria (Fig. 1 B).	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFAE446CFCE75C109E16FF05.taxon	discussion	Remarks. With its strong rostrum armed along the entire dorsal margin, the shape of the male's sexual appendages and a weak sexual dimorphism of the third and fourth pereiopods, C. enbilului sp. nov. resembles C. shahrazadae sp. nov. from Iran, but can be distinguished by the longer rostrum (rostrum 0.9 – 1.2 times as long as carapace vs. 0.4 – 0.8 times in C. shahrazadae sp. nov.), the longer antennular peduncle (0.8 – 1.2 times as long as carapace vs. 0.4 – 0.7 times), a longer tooth at the distal margin of the basal segment of the antennular peduncle (0.50 – 0.73 times as long as second segment vs. 0.38 – 0.55 times as long), and by showing a distinct tooth at the pterygostomial margin of the carapace. The chelae of the Syrian species are shorter in relation to the proximal segments (chela of first pereiopod 1.2 – 1.3 times as long as carpus vs. 1.4 – 1.7 times in C. shahrazadae sp. nov., 1.1 times as longs as merus vs. 1.2 – 1.4 times, chela of second pereiopod 0.7 – 0.8 times as long as carpus vs. 0.9 times in C. shahrazadae sp. nov.). The arthrobranch on the first pereiopod is well developed vs. reduced to a worm-like structure, the podobranch on the second maxilliped is well developed vs. reduced to a lamina with few short protuberances distally and a more slender endopod of the male's first pleopod (2.8 – 3.7 times as long as wide vs. 2.0 times as long as wide in C. shahrazadae sp. nov.). A tooth at the pterygostomial margin is frequently seen in species allied to C. babaulti from India (Bouvier 1918; Jalihal et al. 1984, Klotz, personal observation). C. enbilului sp. nov. is distinct from C. babaulti by its much stronger and longer rostrum reaching to or slightly overreaching the distal margin of the carapace vs. not overreaching the antennular peduncle in C. babaulti. Further, the endopod of the male's first pleopods is lacking an appendix interna vs. with a distinct appendix interna in C. babaulti.	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFAA4470FCE75E5A9939FB29.taxon	description	(Figs. 11 – 13)	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFAA4470FCE75E5A9939FB29.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype. ♂ cl 2.4 mm, Iraq, Shatt Al-Arab, Basrah, Khur Trad creek, leg. S. D. Salman 19.12.2011, OUMNH-ZC- 2012 - 01 - 0078. Paratypes. 2 ♂♂ cl 3.0 and 1.7 mm, 2 ♀♀, cl 3.7 and 2.3 mm, same data as holotype, OUMNH-ZC- 2012 - 01 - 0079.	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFAA4470FCE75E5A9939FB29.taxon	description	Description Cephalothorax and cephalic appendages. Medium-sized shrimp with carapace length 1.7 – 3.7 mm in apparently adult specimens (n = 5). Carapace (Fig. 11 A) smooth, antennal spine slightly below inferior orbital angle, pterygostomial angle rounded. Rostrum (Fig. 11 A) pointed, slightly sigmoid, armed with 20 – 22 teeth throughout dorsal margin, with 5 – 8 teeth on ventral margin, slightly overreaching antennular peduncle, 0.84 – 0.98 (n = 2) times as long as carapace. Rostrum formula 2 – 5 (3) + 17 – 18 / 5 – 8 (7). Eyes (Fig. 11 A) well developed with pigmented globular cornea. Antennula and antenna well developed. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 11 B) 0.76 – 0.88 (n = 2) times as long as carapace, first segment 1.81 – 2.27 (n = 2) times as long as second segment, distolateral angle with an acute projection 0.38 – 0.47 (n = 2) times as long as second segment; second segment 1.50 – 2.0 (n = 2) times length of third segment. Stylocerite pointed, reaching to 0.76 – 0.85 (n = 2) times length of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite (Fig. 11 C) with well-developed distolateral tooth, 3.71 – 4.13 (n = 2) times as long as wide. Abdominal somites, telson and uropods. Sixth abdominal somite 0.47 – 0.63 (n = 2) times length of carapace, 2.05 – 2.11 (n = 2) times as long as fifth somite, 0.83 – 0.95 (median n = 2) times as long as telson. Telson (Fig. 11 D, I) slightly tapering distally, 3.33 (n = 1) times as long as proximally wide, distal margin convex, without a median projection, lateral angles not overreaching distal margin, with 5 or 6 (n = 2) pairs of dorsal short spiniform setae and one pair of short spiniform setae dorsolateral; distal margin with 5 or 8 (n = 2) strong spiniform setae, lateral pair longer than intermediate ones. Preanal carina (Fig. 11 E) rounded without a tooth or spine. Uropodal diaeresis (Fig. 11 F) with 9 or 10 (n = 2) movable spiniform setae, outermost one shorter than lateral angle. Mouthparts and branchia. Mandible (Fig. 12 A) without palp, incisor process ending in irregular teeth, molar process truncated. Lower lacinia of maxillula (Fig. 12 B) broadly rounded with long pappose setae and few rows of serrate setae near margin and scattered cuspidate setae proximal, upper lacinia elongate, with numerous distinct cuspidate setae flanked by a row of serrate setae on inner margin and few pappose setae subterminal, palp slender with few pappose setae and one cuspidate seta near tip. Upper endites of maxilla (Fig. 12 C) subdivided, furnished with numerous pappose, simple and papposerrate setae arranged in rows, palp slender, scaphognathite tapering posteriorly, fringed with long, curved serrulate setae at truncated posterior margin and plumose setae inferior. Palp of first maxilliped (Fig. 12 D) ending in a short finger-like extension, caridean lobe and flagellum with plumose setae, basis with numerous pappose, papposerrate and serrate setae arranged in rows and tufts. Podobranch on second maxilliped (Fig. 12 E) moderately developed; with few finger-like extensions distal, exopod slender, overreaching propodal segment, with long plumose setae distally; basis and merus with rows of pappose setae, distolateral margin of penultimate segment with several pappose and serrate setae; dactylus with numerous serrate setae flanked by a row of pappose setae. Third maxilliped (Fig. 12 F) slender, with one well developed and one strongly reduced arthrobranch; exopod slender, slightly overreaching the distal margin of antepenultimate segment, with few long plumose setae distally; antepenultimate segment of endopod slender, with several simple setae and some pappose setae basally and few plumose setae distally; penultimate segment slender, with straight lateral margins, with few plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margin, inner margin with rows of short serrate setae; ultimate segment shorter than or of same length as penultimate segment, tapering distally, ending in a claw-like curved spiniform setae (nail), proximal to the nail 7 – 12 cuspidate setae are arranged in two rows; inner margin dense beset with rows of serrated setae; epipod well developed, with distal hook. One moderately developed podobranch on second maxilliped, two arthrobranchs (one of them strongly reduced) on third maxilliped, first pereiopod without an arthrobranch. Pleurobranchs present on all pereiopods. Well-developed epipods (with hooks on distal end) present on third maxilliped and first four pereiopods. Setobranchs on all pereiopods. Pereiopods. First and second pereiopods chelate. Chela of first pereiopod (Fig. 11 G) caridinoid in shape, with well-developed palm, 2.21 – 2.27 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 1.13 times as long as carpus; tips of fingers rounded, without hooks; dactylus 3.0 – 3.38 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 1.40 – 1.42 (n = 2) times as long as palm, with tufts of setae distally; carpus slender, slightly excavated distally, 2.31 times as long as wide, 1.07 times as long as merus. Merus not inflated, 3.50 times as long as wide. Chela of second pereiopod (Fig. 11 H) caridinoid in shape, with well-developed palm, 2.57 – 2.71 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 0.76 – 0.78 (n = 2) times as long as carpus; tips of fingers rounded, without hooks, dactylus 1.69 – 3.41 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 1.57 – 2.25 (n = 2) times as long as palm, with tufts setae distally; carpus slender, 5.13 – 6.13 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 1.07 – 1.09 (n = 2) times as long as merus. Merus not inflated, 5.0 – 6.0 (n = 2) times as long as wide. Third pereiopod (Fig. 13 A) sexually dimorphic; dactylus (Fig. 13 B) 5.17 times as long as wide (terminal claw and spiniform setae on flexor margin included), terminating in 1 large claw, with 19 accessory spiniform setae on flexor margin in males, 3.33 times as long as wide terminating in one large claw with 10 accessory spiniform setae on flexor margin in females; propodus strongly dilated distally and with numerous small spiniform setae on subdistal inner margin in adult males, less dilated in females and subadult males, propodus 5.39 times as long as wide, 2.0 times as long as dactylus in the adult male specimen measured, 10.31 times as long as wide, 3.35 times as long as dactylus in the female; carpus 4.0 – 4.50 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 0.66 – 0.73 (n = 2) times as long as propodus, 0.52 – 0.55 (n = 2) times as long as merus, with one large spiniform setae near distal margin; merus 8.20 – 8.50 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 1.82 – 1.93 (n = 2) times as long as carpus, bearing three strong movable spiniform setae on externo-inferior margin; ischium with one spiniform seta. Fourth pereipopod, similar to third but slightly smaller. Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 13 C) slender; dactylus (Fig. 13 D) 4.55 – 4.64 (n = 2) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spiniform setae on flexor margin included), terminating in one large claw, with 29 – 31 spiniform setae on flexor margin; propodus with small spiniform setae on ventral margin, slightly more densely in distal part, distal pair of spiniform setae not enlarged, propodus 10.46 – 11.67 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 2.67 – 2.80 (n = 2) times as long as dactylus; carpus 5.33 – 5.57 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 0.57 (n = 2) times as long as propodus, 0.70 – 0.71 (n = 2) times as long as merus, with 1 strong spiniform seta near distal margin; merus 6.33 – 6.88 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 1.41 – 1.43 (n = 2) times as long as carpus, bearing 2 strong appressed movable spiniform setae on externo-inferior margin. Ischium without a spiniform seta. Pleopods. Endopod of male's first pleopod (Fig. 13 E) slender leaf-like, distally with a long tapered appendix interna furnished with numerous small cincunnuli near tip, 4.0 – 4.29 (n = 2) times as long as proximal width, 0.57 – 0.58 (n = 2) times as long as exopod, with long simple setae on outer margin, with somewhat shorter simple setae on inner margin. Appendix masculina on male second pleopod (Fig. 13 F – G) rod-like, 12.0 – 14.33 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 0.81 – 0.83 (n = 2) times as long as endopod, armed with strong spiniform setae on inner margin and distal margin; appendix interna arising from about 0.4 times length of appendix masculina, reaching to 0.57 – 0.65 of appendix masculina. Sexual dimorphism. Males similar to females except size, third and fourth pereiopods and sexual appendages. The main morphological differences from females lead in the shape and spinulation of distal segments of third and fourth pereiopods (Fig. 13 A – B) and structure of the endopod of first pleopod (Fig. 13 E) as well as the presence of an appendix masculina in second pleopod (Fig. 13 F – G). Reproductive biology. Unknown as no ovigerous females could be included in the present study. Size. Postorbital carapace length of apparently adult specimens 1.7 – 3.7 mm. Colouration. Unknown.	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFAA4470FCE75E5A9939FB29.taxon	etymology	Etymology. C. enkii sp. nov. is named after Enki, the god of Abzu, the primeval freshwater sea located within earth in the Sumerian mythology.	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFAA4470FCE75E5A9939FB29.taxon	distribution	Distribution. C. enkii sp. nov. is known only from a tributary (Khur Trad creek) of the river Shatt Al-Arab in southern Iraq (Fig. 1 B).	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFAA4470FCE75E5A9939FB29.taxon	discussion	Remarks. C. enkii sp. nov. is similar to C. fossarum in general morphology and showing a distinct sexual dimorphism of the third pereiopod. The proposed new species can be differed from C. fossarum by the more developed sexual appendages of male specimens. The endopod of the first pleopod of males is more slender, 4.0 – 4.29 times as long as wide vs. 3.33 – 3.85 times as long as wide in C. fossarum, both the outer and inner margin are beset with long simple setae (vs. with long setae on outer and distal margin, with few short pappose setae on basal part of inner margin in C. fossarum), appendix masculina 12.0 – 14.33 times as long as wide, 0.81 – 0.83 times as long as endopod vs. 7.69 times as long as wide, 0.57 times as long as endopod in C. fossarum. The appendix interna is reaching to 0.57 – 0.65 length of appendix masculina vs. reaching almost to tip of appendix masculina in C. fossarum. In addition, the pereiopods of C. enkii sp. nov. are more slender compared to C. fossarum, e. g., propodus of fifth pereiopod 10.46 – 11.67 times as long as wide vs. 7.71 – 9.20 times in C. fossarum, carpus of this appendage 5.33 – 5.57 times as long as wide vs. 4.0 – 4.21 times in C. fossarum. C. enkii sp. nov. was found by checking a sample with C. babaulti basrensis from the Khur Trad creek near Basrah, Iraq. Compared to the well-preserved specimens of C. babaulti basrensis in this sample, the five specimens of C. enkii sp. nov. are in a rather poor condition rising some doubts as to whether these specimens were really collected and preserved together with the specimens of C. babaulti basrensis. As no other hints could be found indicating that the samples were mixed either during collection or later in the museum, Khur Trad creek near Basrah, Iraq was considered as the type locality of the proposed new species.	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFB64474FF295BAD9EFEFAF9.taxon	description	(Figs. 14 – 17)	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFB64474FF295BAD9EFEFAF9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype. ♀ cl 5.7 mm, Iran, Hamadan Province, Pirsalam Lagoon, Asadabad, 34 ° 39.452 ' N 47 ° 55.888 ' E, leg. A. Ghane, 02.2008, OUMNH 2008 - 13 - 0001. Paratypes. Iran: 5 ♀♀ cl 4.1 – 5.7 mm OUMNH 2008 - 13 - 0001, same data as holotype; 2 ♂♂ cl 4.1 mm, 1 ♀ cl 3.7 mm, Hamadan Province, leg. A. Ghane, 04.01.2008, QUMNH 2011 - 01 - 0023; 6 ♀♀ cl 4.3 – 5.1 mm, 4 ♂♂ cl 3.5 – 3.8 mm, Fars Province, Nurabad, Spring near the village Sarab-e-Bahram, 30 ° 01 ' N 51 ° 33 ' E, altitude ca. 920 m, leg. S. Gorgin 05.09.1994, RMNH. CRUS. D. 46090; 2 ovig. ♀♀ cl 4.1 mm, 6 ♀♀ cl 3.5 – 4.3 mm, 1 ♂ cl 3.1 mm, Kermanshah Province, Sarab-e-Dehlor, 34 ° 23 ' N 47 ° 52 ' E, 08.02.1996, leg. friend of S. Gorgin, don. S. Gorgin, RMNH. CRUS. D. 46889; 3 ♂♂ cl 3.1 – 3.4 mm, 1 ♀ cl 5.0 mm, Khuzestan Province, road between Behbahan and Ramhormoz, 30 ° 39 ' N 50 ° 09 ' E; 29.12.1994, leg. S. Gorgin, RMNH. CRUS. D. 46151; 2 ♂♂ cl 3.2 and 3.6 mm, 2 ovig. ♀♀ cl 4.0 and 4.6 mm, Lorestan Province, near Kuhdasht, Spring Seeyab (= Chesmeh-e-Seeyab), Tang-e-Seeyab, 33 ° 23 ' N 47 ° 12 ' E; altitude 890 m, 17.11.1995, leg. S. Gorgin, RMNH. CRUS. D. 46695. Comparative material examined Caridina chauhani Chopra & Tiwari, 1949, India: 1 ovig. ♀, Karnataka, Jog Falls, 14 ° 13.7 ' N 74 ° 48.72 ' E, leg. Riedel, 23.03.2007, ZMB 30756; 1 ♂ cl 2.9 mm, 2 ♀♀ cl 2.7 and 3.2 mm, 3 ovig. ♀♀ cl 3.9 – 4.0 mm, Karnataka, MH Patna Lake near national highway 73, 13 ° 19.85 ' N 76 ° 59.48 ' E, leg. F. Riedl, 02.12.2014, ZMB 30759; 1 ♂ cl 3.1 mm, 1 ♀ cl 4.9 mm, 1 ovig. ♀ cl 5.1 mm, Karnataka, river near Edakkara, 11 ° 21.65 ' N 76 ° 18.73 ' E, leg. F. Riedl, 07.12.2014, ZMB 30760.	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFB64474FF295BAD9EFEFAF9.taxon	description	Description Cephalothorax and cephalic appendages. Medium-sized shrimp with carapace length 3.1 – 5.7 mm in apparently adult specimens (n = 36). Carapace (Fig. 14 A) smooth, antennal spine slightly separated from the inferior orbital angle, pterygostomial angle rounded. Rostrum (Fig. 14 A) slightly sigmoid or almost straight, armed with 13 – 26 teeth throughout dorsal margin, with 3 – 10 teeth on ventral margin, reaching to distal margin of scaphocerite in most specimens, in some specimens reaching to distal end of antennular peduncle, 0.40 – 0.83 (median 0.8, n = 3) times as long as carapace. Rostrum formula 1 – 4 + 10 – 23 / 3 – 10. Eyes (Fig. 14 A) well developed with pigmented globular cornea. Antennula (Fig. 14 B) and antenna (Fig. 14 C) well developed. Antennular peduncle (Fig. 14 B) 0.35 – 0.71 (median 0.51, n = 4) times as long as carapace, first segment 1.77 – 2.05 (median 1.86, n = 4) times as long as second segment, distolateral angle with an acute projection 0.38 – 0.55 (median 0.45, n = 4) times as long as second segment; second segment 2.17 – 2.61 (median 2.40, n = 4) times length of third segment. Stylocerite (Fig. 14 B) pointed, reaching to 0.84 – 0.89 (median 0.86, n = 3) times length of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Scaphocerite (Fig. 14 C) with well-developed distolateral tooth, 3.75 times as long as wide. Abdominal somites, telson and uropods. Sixth abdominal somite 0.50 – 0.60 (n = 2) times length of carapace, 1.69 – 2.00 (n = 2) times as long as fifth somite, 0.84 times as long as telson. Telson (Fig. 14 D, I) slightly tapering distally, distal margin rounded to broadly convex without a median projection, lateral angles not overreaching distal margin, dorsal with 5 – 6 (n = 2) pairs of short spiniform setae and one pair of short spiniform setae dorsolateral; distal margin with 9 – 10 (n = 5) strong spiniform setae. Lateral pair longer than intermediate ones, sublateral pair shortest. Preanal carina (Fig. 14 E) low, rounded, mostly with a small hump, without a tooth or spine. Uropodal diaeresis (Fig. 14 F) with 9 – 10 (n = 3) movable spiniform setae, outermost one distinct shorter than lateral angle. Mouthparts and branchiae. Mandible (Fig. 15 A) without palp, incisor process ending in irregular teeth, molar process truncated. Lower lacinia of maxillula (Fig. 15 B) broadly rounded to subrectangular with long pappose setae and few rows of serrate setae near margin, upper lacinia elongate, with numerous distinct cuspidate setae flanked by a row of serrate setae on inner margin and few pappose setae subterminal, palp slender with few pappose setae and one cuspidate seta near tip. Upper endites of maxilla (Fig. 15 C) subdivided, furnished with numerous pappose, simple and papposerrate setae arranged in rows, palp slender, scaphognathite tapering posteriorly, fringed with long, curved serrulate setae at truncated posterior margin and plumose setae inferior. Palp of first maxilliped (Fig. 15 D) ending in a long, fingerlike extension, caridean lobe and flagellum with plumose setae, basis with numerous pappose, papposerrate and serrate setae arranged in rows and tufts. Endopod reaching beyond distal margin of caridean lobe. Podobranch on second maxilliped (Fig. 15 E) reduced to a lamina with few short finger-like projections; exopod slender, overreaching propodal segment, with long plumose setae distally; basis and merus with rows of pappose setae, distolateral margin of penultimate segment with several pappose and serrate setae; dactylus with numerous serrate setae flanked by a row of pappose setae. Third maxilliped (Fig. 15 F) slender, with one well developed and one small arthrobranch; exopod slender, slightly overreaching the distal margin of antepenultimate segment, with few long plumose setae distally; antepenultimate segment of endopod slender, with some pappose setae basally, distal with few short simple setae; penultimate segment slender, with straight lateral margins, with few plumose setae on dorsal and ventral margin, inner margin with rows of short serrated setae; ultimate segment longer than penultimate segment, tapering distally, ending in a claw-like curved spiniform setae (nail), proximal to the nail about 8 cuspidate setae; inner margin dense beset with rows of serrate setae, some serrate setae also on dorsal margin; epipod well developed, with distal hook. Podobranch on second maxilliped reduced to a lamina with few short protuberances distally, two arthrobranchs (one of them reduced) on third maxilliped, first pereiopod with arthrobranch reduced to a worm-like structure. Pleurobranchs present on all pereiopods. Well-developed epipods (with hooks on distal end) present on third maxilliped and first four pereiopods. Setobranchs on all pereiopods. Pereiopods. First and second pereiopods chelate. Chela of first pereiopod (Fig. 14 G) caridinoid in shape, with well-developed palm, 1.78 – 2.24 (median 2.08, n = 5) times as long as wide, 1.36 – 1.71 (median 1.39, n = 5) times as long as carpus; tips of fingers rounded, with strong hooks and tufts of setae distally; dactylus 2.30 – 3.25 (median 2.46, n = 3) times as long as wide, 0.92 – 1.24 (median 1.19, n = 5) times as long as palm; carpus stout, slightly excavated distally, 1.40 – 2.08 (median 1.81, n = 5) times as long as wide, 0.80 – 0.95 (median 0.87, n = 4) times as long as merus. Merus not inflated, 2.50 – 3.31 (median 2.75, n = 4) times as long as wide, 1.14 – 1.25 (n = 2) as long as ischium. Chela of second pereiopod (Fig. 14 H) caridinoid in shape, with well-developed palm, 1.76 – 2.47 (median 2.34, n = 4) times as long as wide, 0.88 – 0.91 (median 0.90, n = 4) times as long as carpus; tips of fingers rounded, with hooks and tufts of setae distally, dactylus 3.80 – 4.28 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 1.15 – 1.57 (median 1.42, n = 4) times as long as palm; carpus slender, 3.79 – 4.31 (median 4.0, n = 4) times as long as wide, 0.95 – 0.96 (n = 2) times as long as merus. Merus not inflated, 4.69 – 5.04 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 1.36 times as long as ischium. Third pereiopod (Fig. 16 A, H) slightly dimorphic between sexes; dactylus (Fig. 16 B) 2.23 – 2.47 (n = 2) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spiniform setae on flexor margin included), terminating in 2 large claws, with 4 or 5 accessory curved spiniform setae on flexor margin in males, 3.6 times as long as wide (terminal claw and spiniform setae on flexor margin included) terminating in one large claw with 6 or 7 accessory straight spiniform setae on flexor margin in females; propodus not dilated distally and with two rows of small spiniform setae on inner margin, slightly curved in males, propodus 8.15 – 9.38 (median 8.18, n = 3) times as long as wide, 2.90 – 3.86 (median 3.32, n = 4) times as long as dactylus; carpus 5.31 – 5.57 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 0.71 – 0.73 (n = 2) times as long as propodus, 0.58 – 0.64 (n = 2) times as long as merus, with one large spiniform seta near distal margin; merus 5.90 – 7.10 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 1.57 – 1.72 (n = 5) times as long as carpus, bearing 3 strong movable spiniform setae on externo-inferior margin; ischium with one spiniform seta. Fourth pereipopod similar to third but slightly smaller (Fig. 16 C – D). Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 16 E) slender; dactylus (Fig. 16 F) 3.14 – 3.59 (median 3.75, n = 3) times as long as wide (terminal claw and spiniform setae on flexor margin included), terminating in one large claw, with 28 – 45 spiniform setae on flexor margin; propodus with 2 rows of small spiniform setae on ventral margin, distal pair of spiniform setae not enlarged, propodus 10.22 – 12.19 (median 11.20, n = 3) times as long as wide, 3.07 – 3.39 (median 3.08, n = 3) times as long as dactylus; carpus 4.46 – 5.22 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 0.47 – 0.52 (n = 2) times as long as propodus, 0.64 (n = 2) times as long as merus, with 1 strong spiniform setae near distal margin; merus 6.06 – 6.67 (n = 2) times as long as wide, 1.55 – 1.57 (n = 2) times as long as carpus, bearing 2 strong movable spiniform setae on externo-inferior margin. Ischium without a spiniform seta. Pleopods. Endopod of male's first pleopod (Fig. 17 A) slender leaf-like, tip slightly curved inwards, without an appendix interna, 1.97 times as long as proximal width, 0.40 times as long as exopod, with simple setae on proximal 2 / 3 of inner margin, with pappose setae on distal and outer margin. Appendix masculina on male second pleopod (Fig. 17 B – C) rod-like, 11.08 times as long as wide, 0.76 times as long as endopod, armed with strong spiniform setae on inner and distal margin; appendix interna arising from about 0.4 times length of appendix masculina, reaching to about 0.6 times length of appendix masculina. Sexual dimorphism. Males similar to females except size, third and fourth pereiopods and sexual appendages. The main morphological differences from females lead in the shape and spinulation of third and fourth pereiopod dactyli (Fig. 16 B, H) and structure of the endopod of first and second pleopods as well as presence of an appendix masculina (Figs. 16 G and 17 A – C). Reproductive biology. Ovigerous females with few large eggs; size of developed eggs (with eyes) 0.98 – 1.03 × 0.61 – 0.64 mm. Size. Postorbital carapace length of apparently adult specimens 3.1 – 5.7 mm. Colouration. Unknown.	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFB64474FF295BAD9EFEFAF9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known from freshwaters in Hamadan, Fars, Kermanshah, Khuzestan, Lorestan Provinces of Iran (Fig. 1 B).	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFB64474FF295BAD9EFEFAF9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. C. shahrazadae sp. nov. is named after Shahrazad, the character that portraits the storyteller in the book One Thousand and One Nights.	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
03F98790FFB64474FF295BAD9EFEFAF9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. C. shahrazadae sp. nov. is similar to C. fossarum in having few and large-sized eggs. The new species can be easily distinguished from C. fossarum by the reduced branchial formula found in the latter. Further, the new species can by distinguished by the absence of an appendix interna in the male's first pleopod endopod vs. the presence of a well-developed appendix interna subdistally on the endopod in C. fossarum. The two species can also be distinguished by lacking prominent sexual dimorphism of propodi of the third and fourth pereiopods (with few spiniform setae in males and females and not strongly inflated distally) vs. the propodi of the third and fourth pereiopods with numerous small setae and being strongly inflated distally in males of C. fossarum. C. shahrazadae sp. nov. is also similar to C. chauhani from Karnataka, India and Caridina rajadhari Bouvier, 1918 from Chattisgarh, India. The new species from Iran can be distinguished from these species by lacking an appendix interna on the first pleopod of male specimens, a shorter rostrum (0.40 – 0.83 times as long as carapace vs. 0.99 – 1.25 times as long in C. chauhani) with a lower number of teeth on the dorsal margin of the rostrum (16 – 26 vs. 25 – 33), the distal segment of third maxilliped about as long as median segment (vs. distal segment shorter than median in C. chauhani), arthrobranch on first pereiopod and podobranch on second maxilliped reduced (vs. well developed in C. chauhani), a higher number of spiniform setae on distal margin of telson (9 – 10 vs. 6 in C. chauhani), larger eggs (developed eggs 0.98 – 1.03 × 0.61 – 0.64 mm vs. 0.61 – 0.68 mm x 0.38 – 0.39 mm in C. chauhani or 0.50 – 0,61 × 0.30 – 0.50 mm in Caridina radjadhari).	en	Klotz, Werner, von Rintelen, Thomas, Christodoulou, Magdalini (2019): Middle East Caridina (Decapoda: Atyidae): Redescription of C. fossarum Heller, 1862, description of three new species, and remarks on the status of C. syriaca Bouvier, 1904 and C. babaulti basrensis Al-Adhub & Hamzah, 1987. Zoologischer Anzeiger 283: 161-185, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.08.008
