identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038287F8CB7B1509FC81FCC3FC52F9AE.text	038287F8CB7B1509FC81FCC3FC52F9AE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Excoecaria agallocha	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Excoecaria agallocha (  Euphorbiaceae ) was common in the Islands and found to inhabit the landward edges of mangrove forests along with terrestrial vegetation. </p>
            <p> Lythraceae</p>
            <p> Lythraceae sensu lato was represented by four species from the genus  Sonneratia viz .,  Sonneratia alba ,  Sonneratia caseolaris ,  Sonneratia griffithi , and  Sonneratia ovata , of which only  S. alba was reported by all the reviewed literature. While Parkinson (1923) had reported  S. alba as a species with restricted distribution at Betapur of Middle Andaman, it was found to be commonly distributed in all the regions across various habitats, either alone (Burmanallah and Shoal Bay of South Andaman) or together with stands of  Avicennia and  Rhizophora (Dugong Creek of Little Andaman) in our surveys. Further, the  Sonneratia species reported as  Sonneratia acida (actually  S. caseolaris ) by Parkinson (1923) had white petals in contrast to their characteristic dark red petals. Nehru and Balasubramanian (2011) reported  S. caseolaris from four re-colonizing mangrove habitats  viz ., Kamorta, Katchall, Nancowrie, and Trinket of Nicobar Islands, although the corresponding photograph (figure 3D, p 255) in the article suggests that  S. alba has been misidentified as  S. caseolaris for the following reasons: 1) mucro with no re-curved point, 2) white staminal filaments, 3) dull pericarp, and 4) cup-shaped hypanthium.  Sonneratia apetala has not been recorded during the present study, although it has previously been reported from the Islands by several authors (Table 3). A few trees of  Sonneratia griffithi were observed at Betapur (Middle Andaman) during our surveys, as recorded by Ragavan et al. (2013). Subsequent et al. (2009) at Burmanallah (South Andaman) was conto the new record of  S. ovata from Radhanagar of Havelock firmed to be a variegated form of  B. gymnorrhiza during in the Andaman group of Islands (Dam Roy et al. 2009, our surveys. As  B. gymnorrhiza and  B. sexangula are mor- Goutham-Bharathi et al. 2012) and from tsunami-impacted phologically similar, the number of colleters (finger-like mangrove habitats of the Nicobar Islands (Nehru and Bal- glandular structures inside the base of stipules) could be asubramanian 2012), our surveys revealed its presence at a useful diagnostic character (Sheue et al. 2005). Wandoor (South Andaman), thus, indicating that regional Although two species of  Ceriops viz .,  Ceriops tagal and endemics may have a wider distribution in the Islands.  Ceriops decandra have previously been reported from the Islands, only the former was found in the present study. </p>
            <p> Dagar et al. (1991) reported  C. decandra from Chidiyatapu </p>
            <p> Meliaceae (South Andaman) two decades ago as a very rare species. Dagar and Singh (1999), Debnath (2004), and Yao et al. </p>
            <p> Tomlinson (1986) recognized three species of Xylocar- (2011) have also reported  C. decandra from the Andaman pus (  Meliaceae )  viz .,  Xylocarpus granatum ,  Xylocarpus and Nicobar Islands but without giving a description or  meckongensis (=  Xylocarpus gangeticus ), and  Xylocarpus locality data. </p>
            <p> moluccensis on the basis of habitat, trunk, fruit size, Of the four previously reported  Rhizophora species , and root elaboration, of which only the former two are only three  viz .,  Rhizophora apiculata ,  Rhizophora mucroregarded as true mangrove species. Parkinson (1934), too, nata, and  Rhizophora stylosa were found in our studies. recognized three different species of  Xylocarpus and high- Identification of mangrove hybrids is problematic (Duke lighted the problems in differentiating  X. granatum from et al. 2002). Singh et al. (1987b) was the first to record  X. meckongensis . However, there is a great deal of ambi-  Rhizophora lamarkii (a sterile hybrid between  R. stylosa guity in  Xylocarpus species due to deficient taxonomic x  R. apiculata ) from Havelock amidst  R. apiculata and descriptions (Tomlinson 1986, Jayatissa et al. 2002). Two  R. mucronata stands (Table 2). It was subsequently species of  Xylocarpus viz .,  X. granatum and  X. moluccensis added to the mangrove flora by several authors (Table 3). (=  X. gangeticus and  X. meckongensis ), were found in our However, our present study revealed the presence of Rhizsurveys. Of these, the former was commonly distributed, ophora hybrids at Havelock (South Andaman) and Kimious whereas the latter was rare and found only at Baratang Bay (Car Nicobar), which stresses the importance of periof Middle Andaman. However,  X. moluccensis was also odic surveys in mangrove stands where parental species observed at Havelock (South Andaman) and at Karmatang of  Rhizophora taxa typically co-occur (Duke 2007) as there of Mayabunder (North Andaman) by the investigating are major taxonomic problems with  Rhizophora (Duke et al. team during a pre-tsunami period (2003). 1998) despite its ubiquitous occurrence throughout the tropical world (Tomlinson 1986, Duke et al. 2002). Further, </p>
            <p> it is important to note that hybrids of  Rhizophora were pre- </p>
            <p> Myrsinaceae viously reported by Ragavan et al. (2011) from Havelock. The inclusion of  Kandelia candel in the mangrove </p>
            <p> One species representing  Myrsinaceae ,  Aegiceras cornicu- flora of the Islands by several authors (Table 3) could not latum, was commonly encountered in our surveys. be explained as it has not been observed since Brandis (1907). </p>
            <p> Rhizophoraceae</p>
            <p> Three species of the genus  Bruguiera viz .,  Bruguiera cylindrica ,  Bruguiera gymnorrhiza , and  Bruguiera parviflora were reported in our surveys, among which  B. gymnorrhiza was found to be the most common in the middle and upper intertidal zones. Singh et al. (1987b) were the first to record  Bruguiera sexangula in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and it was reported in all subsequent studies. However, it was not encountered during our surveys across the Islands. It is important to note that the  Bruguiera species reported as  B. sexangula by Dam Roy </p>
            <p> Rubiaceae</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287F8CB7B1509FC81FCC3FC52F9AE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Goutham-Bharathi, M. P.;Roy, S. Dam;Krishnan, P.;Kaliyamoorthy, M.;Immanuel, Titus	Goutham-Bharathi, M. P., Roy, S. Dam, Krishnan, P., Kaliyamoorthy, M., Immanuel, Titus (2014): Species diversity and distribution of mangroves in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 57 (6): 421-432, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2014-0033, URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2014-0033
038287F8CB741509FCA3F982FA53F936.text	038287F8CB741509FCA3F982FA53F936.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Scyphiphora hydrophyllaceae was common in the </p>
            <p>Andaman Islands, but it could not be located in the</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038287F8CB741509FCA3F982FA53F936	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Goutham-Bharathi, M. P.;Roy, S. Dam;Krishnan, P.;Kaliyamoorthy, M.;Immanuel, Titus	Goutham-Bharathi, M. P., Roy, S. Dam, Krishnan, P., Kaliyamoorthy, M., Immanuel, Titus (2014): Species diversity and distribution of mangroves in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 57 (6): 421-432, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2014-0033, URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2014-0033
