identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03807C0AFFABFF81FF76FEE9FEDFCD5B.text	03807C0AFFABFF81FF76FEE9FEDFCD5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Araripescolia Nel, Escuillie & Garrouste	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Araripescolia Nel, Escuillie &amp; Garrouste ,  gen. nov.</p>
            <p> Type species.  Araripescolia magnifica Nel, Escuillie &amp; Garrouste ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p> Etymology. Named after the type locality Sierra of Araripe and the genus name  Scolia , gender feminine. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Presence of longitudinally wrinkled structures of apical parts of fore and hind wings; fore wing cell 2 R1 long, with apex not contiguous with wing margin; cell 3 Rs closed, nearly as long as high; cell 1+2 Rs with a long anterior side; crossvein r-rs short, straight; crossvein 2 m-cu sigmoidal; costal vein confluent before pterostigma; radial vein uninterrupted; hind wing Rs and M very long before r-m; cell 1 Rs closed; cu-a well distal of M-Cu fork.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03807C0AFFABFF81FF76FEE9FEDFCD5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nel, André;Escuillie, François;Garrouste, Romain	Nel, André, Escuillie, François, Garrouste, Romain (2013): A new scoliid wasp in the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation in Brazil (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae). Zootaxa 3717 (3): 395-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3717.3.10
03807C0AFFABFF81FF76FF53FDC9CFB3.text	03807C0AFFABFF81FF76FF53FDC9CFB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scoliidae Latreille 1802	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Scoliidae Latreille, 1802</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03807C0AFFABFF81FF76FF53FDC9CFB3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nel, André;Escuillie, François;Garrouste, Romain	Nel, André, Escuillie, François, Garrouste, Romain (2013): A new scoliid wasp in the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation in Brazil (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae). Zootaxa 3717 (3): 395-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3717.3.10
03807C0AFFABFF83FF76FD67FE63C84E.text	03807C0AFFABFF83FF76FD67FE63C84E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Araripescolia magnifica Nel, Escuillie & Garrouste	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Araripescolia magnifica Nel, Escuillie &amp; Garrouste ,  sp. nov.</p>
            <p>(Figs 1–3)</p>
            <p>Material. Holotype specimen WDC-CCFB-7 (a complete body with four wings and two legs), Wyoming Dinosaur Center-Crato, Wyoming, USA.</p>
            <p>Etymology. Named after the wonderful state of preservation of the wings of this fossil.</p>
            <p>Age and outcrop. Chapada do Araripe, northeastern Brazil; Upper Aptian, Nova Olinda member of the Crato formation.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. As for the genus.</p>
            <p>Description. Head length 4.2 mm, 4.1 mm wide, mesosoma 7.4 mm long, 7.1 mm wide, metasoma 12.9 mm long, 5.8 mm wide; fore wing 16.1 mm long, 5.8 mm wide; hind wing 10.9 mm long, 4.5 mm wide; head mediumsized and suboval; eyes large but poorly preserved; details of head structures not clear; antennae long, curved, with separation between distal segments indistinct; scape enlarged; pedicel small; mesosoma large; pronotum short medially; scutellum inversely trapezoidal; metanotum short; propodeum broad; wings hyaline, presence of longitudinally wrinkled structures of apical parts of fore and hind wings; fore wing with pterostigma narrow, widened apicad, slightly sclerotised; costal vein confluent before pterostigma; radial vein uninterrupted; basal section of Rs as long as that of M; no vestigial 1 r-rs; distal section of Rs sigmoidal, 2.7 mm long; crossvein r-rs short, straight; veins 3 r-m and 2 m-cu present; veins 1 m-cu and 2 m-cu ending in cell 1+2 Rs; anterior side of cell 1+2 Rs 0.5 mm long; cell 2 R1 1.5 times as long as pterostigma, three times as long as wide, with apex not contiguous with wing margin; cell 3 Rs closed, nearly as long as wide; cu-a aligned with basal section of M, slightly shorter than basal section of M; cell 2 Cu nearly parallel-sided, with sides arcuate; hind wing with Rs short beyond 1 r-m; 1 r-m long and curved; cell 1 Rs closed, longer than wide; cu-a postfurcal, long sigmoidal and oblique to A; metasoma long (longer than head and thorax combined), somewhat constricted between 1st and 2nd segments; sting not clearly visible.</p>
            <p> Discussion.  Araripescolia gen. nov. has a fore wing venation very similar to that of an Archaeoscoliinae (very similar to that of the Mesozoic genera Archaeoscolia Rasnitsyn, 1993 or Cretoscolia Rasnitsyn, 1993) (Rasnitsyn 1993), in the following points: fore wing cell 2 R1 long; cell 3 Rs closed; crossvein r-rs short, straight; crossveins 3 rm and 2 m-cu present; hind wing Rs and M very long before r-m. </p>
            <p> Cretoscolia  brasiliensis is the unique described Archaeoscoliinae from Araripe, it is much smaller than  Araripescolia , and it has not the longitudinally wrinkled structure of the apical parts of the fore wings, clearly visible in  Araripescolia (Osten 2007) . </p>
            <p> Rasnitsyn (1993) considered the Archaeoscoliinae as a paraphyletic group in respect to the other  Scoliidae . Argaman (1996) considered that the Archaeoscoliinae are not  Scoliidae but ‘Anthoboscidae’ (=  Tiphiidae :  Anthoboscinae ) for the presence of notauli. This structure is not preserved in  Araripescolia . Later authors did not follow Argaman’s opinion (Rasnitsyn &amp; Martínez-Delclòs 1999, Zhang et al. 2002). After Pilgrim et al. (2008), the  Tiphiidae is a polyphyletic group with the  Anthoboscinae clearly not closely related to the  Scoliidae , while the  Scoliidae would belong to a clade that comprises the  Formicidae and Apoidea. Notauli are present in these two last groups, suggesting that their absence in modern  Scoliidae is an apomorphy. The plesiomorphic presence of notauli in the Archaeoscoliinae is therefore not a sufficient argument to exclude them from the scoliid lineage. It remains that a phylogenetic analysis of the  Scoliidae that integrates these fossils is necessary to clarify the situation. </p>
            <p> Some  Anthoboscinae (e.g. Tiphiodes Brèthes, 1913) have a fore wing venation very similar to those of  Araripescolia and Cretoscolia (Genise 1984).  Araripescolia can be attributed to the  Scoliidae because of the presence of the typical longitudinally wrinkled structures of the apical parts of the fore and hind wings, absent in the  Tiphiidae (Day et al. 1981, Argaman 1996). These structures are also absent in the archaeoscoliine genera Cretoscolia and Archaeoscolia (Rasnitsyn 1993, Rasnitsyn &amp; Martínez-Delclòs 1999, Zhang 2004, Osten 2007), and badly known in the two other archaeoscoliine genera, viz. the Mesozoic Protoscolia Zhang et al., 2002 and the Cenozoic Floriscolia Rasnitsyn, 1993 (Rasnitsyn 1993, Zhang et al. 2002).  Araripescolia strongly differs from Cenozoic Floriscolia Rasnitsyn, 1993 in the fore wing with apex of cell 2 R1 not contiguous with wing margin, cell 3 Rs nearly as long as high, and hind wing with cu-a well distal of M-Cu fork (Rasnitsyn 1993).  Araripescolia differs from Protoscolia Zhang et al., 2002 in the absence of a vestige of 1 r-rs, and the apex of radial cell nearly aligned to 3 r-m (Zhang et al. 2002). </p>
            <p> Thus  Araripescolia can be accurately attributed to the  Scoliidae , but, if it strongly differs from the Archaeoscoliinae, its exact relationships with this group remain uncertain. </p>
            <p> Araripescolia shares with the Scoliinae (sensu Rasnitsyn 1993, including the Campsomerinae and Colpinae sensu Argaman 1996) the following characters: the costal vein is confluent before the pterostigma, while it is interrupted in the Proscoliinae and in Archaeoscoliinae (Rasnitsyn, pers. comm.); the radial vein is uninterrupted in the Scoliinae, while it is very narrow at the pterostigmal base in Proscoliinae and almost interrupted in some Archaeoscoliinae (Day et al. 1981, Rasnitsyn &amp; Martínez-Delclòs 1999). The character ‘interruptions of costal and radial veins’ is the general ‘rule’ in the clade that comprises the  Scoliidae ,  Formicidae and Apoidea. Thus the absence of interruption would rather be an apomorphic character, supporting a position of  Araripescolia in the Scoliinae sensu Rasnitsyn (1993) and a possible basal position for the Proscoliinae. </p>
            <p> Araripescolia differs from the Campsomerinae Betrem, 1972 (sensu Argaman 1996) (a group reduced to the two genera Carbonelis Betrem, 1972 and  Dasyscolia Bradley, 1951 ), in the presence of a fore wing cell 1+2 Rs with a anterior side long and the presence of a closed cell 3 Rs.  Araripescolia differs from the modern Scoliinae (sensu Argaman, 1996) in the presence of two veins ending in cell 1+2 Rs and therefore it would rather fall near the Colpinae Argaman, 1996. Some Colpinae have long closed cells 2 R1 and 3 Rs as in  Araripescolia but they generally differ from  Araripescolia in their cell 1+2 Rs with anterior side much shorter (or reduced to a point) (Betrem 1972, Argaman 1996). Unfortunately the body structures of  Araripescolia are not enough well preserved to be compared to those of the modern  Scoliidae . </p>
            <p> The hind wing cell 1 Rs closed of  Araripescolia is quite a rare character in Apocrita and can be considered as an autapomorphy of this taxon (Rasnitsyn, pers. comm.) </p>
            <p> Most modern scoliid species are external parasitoids of soil-inhabiting scarab beetle larvae. The  Scarabaeidae are well known in the Early Cretaceous, and dung beetles are recorded from the Crato formation (Wolf- Schwenninger &amp; Schawaller 2007) suggesting a similar biology for these Cretaceous  Scoliidae . Modern scoliid adults are frequently floricolous and could participate to pollination, but it is delicate to infer such behaviours for the Early Cretaceous. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03807C0AFFABFF83FF76FD67FE63C84E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Nel, André;Escuillie, François;Garrouste, Romain	Nel, André, Escuillie, François, Garrouste, Romain (2013): A new scoliid wasp in the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation in Brazil (Hymenoptera: Scoliidae). Zootaxa 3717 (3): 395-400, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3717.3.10
