taxonID	type	description	language	source
0381878F6C01FFD3D3D6FEA955CBF383.taxon	description	Culms The culm nodes vary in number from 1 – 4. Leaves are arranged all along the culm or grouped at the base of the culms.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C07FFDAD3D6FE285270F439.taxon	description	FiGS. 5 & 8 Tufted perennials. Culms 30 – 60 cm high, erect; nodes glabrous. Leaf sheaths closely involute to the culm, rigid, sparsely hairy; ligules ciliate, 2 – 2.5 mm long; leaf blades 30 – 60 × 0.4 – 0.6 cm, linear, hispid towards base, scabrid adaxially, margins involute, apex acute-acuminate. Racemes 30 – 40 cm long, rigid, straight or slightly curved, 45 – 65 spikelets tightly appressed to concavities in rachis; rachis stout, minutely scaberulous, triangular; peduncles 10 – 15 cm long, glabrous, terete. Spikelets 1.3 – 1.8 × 0.2 – 0.25 cm, linear-lanceolate, 6 – 8 - flowered; callus bearded; rachilla not persistent, hidden, 1 – 2 mm long, slightly scabrid; lower glumes 3 – 3.5 × c. 1 mm, lanceolate, asymmetrical, notched on one-side below the middle, chartaceous, 1 - nerved, acute-acuminate at apex; upper glumes 5 – 6 × c. 1 mm, elliptic-lanceolate, prominently 3 - nerved, glabrous, apex mucronate or shortly awned, awns 0.5 – 1 mm long; lemmas 5 – 5.5 × 1.5 – 2 mm (excluding awn), 3 - nerved, 1 - awned, awn arising between lateral lobes, median awn 5 – 5.5 mm long, scabrid, straight or geniculate, lateral awns absent; paleas 4 – 5 × 1 – 2 mm, hyaline, narrowly elliptic, keeled, winged, keels minutely puberulous, apex bi-mucronate, notched at centre; lodicules 2, c. 0.25 mm long, quadrate, apex coarsely 3 - toothed; stamens 3, anthers 1 – 1.5 mm long, oblong, filaments 0.5 – 0.75 mm long, slender, glabrous; ovary 0.25 – 0.5 mm long, obovate, styles 2, 1 mm long, slender, hyaline, stigma 1 – 1.5 mm long. Caryopses 1.1 – 1.3 × 0.4 – 0.5 mm, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, obtusely trigonous, longitudinally ribbed abaxially, pale brown, obtuse at apex. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from September to November. Habitat: It usually grows on granitic grassy slopes at elevations between 1000 – 1200 m, in association with Cyanotis papilionacea (Burm. f.) Schult. & Schult. f. (Commelinaceae), Arthraxon castratus Bor, Chrysopogon nodulibarbis (Hochst.) Henrard, Cymbopogon commutatus Stapf, Eulalia trispicata (Schult.) Henrard, Garnotia elata Janowsky, Isachne bourneorum C. E. C. Fisch. and Tripogon wightii (all Poaceae), Osbeckia spp. (Melastomataceae), Sopubia trifida D. Don (Scrophulariaceae), Swertia angustifolia D. Don. (Gentianaceae) and Tephrosia pulchella Hook. f. (Fabaceae). Distribution: Endemic to South India. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, Meenuliyanpara, Vannappuram, 28.11.2014, C. N. Sunil 4910 (SNM College Herbarium, Kerala); Ibid., 20.12.2016, F. Dani s. n. (CALI). Notes: Tripogon bimucronatus is similar to T. vellarianus but differs by its asymmetrical lower glumes, mucronate or shortly awned upper glumes and bi-mucronate paleas.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C08FFD8D3D6FDAA56A1F0B5.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from September to early December. Habitat: This species prefers to grow in rock crevices and on seasonally wet bare rocks in high elevation grasslands in association with Anisochilus carnosus (L. f.) Wall., Leucas nepetifolia Benth. (both Lamiaceae), Cyanotis cristata (L.) D. Don (Commelinaceae), Arundinella pumila Steud., Cymbopogon citratus Stapf, Eragrostiella bifaria (Vahl) Bor, Tripogon bromoides (all Poaceae), Henckelia incana (Vahl) Spreng. (Gesneriaceae) and Justicia sp. (Acanthaceae). Distribution: Endemic to South India. Specimens examined: INDIA, Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Velliangiri hills, 30.09.2016, A. K. Pradeep, Nikhil Krishna & K. Thoiba 146727; Ibid., 30.09.2016, A. K. Pradeep, Nikhil Krishna & K. Thoiba 146728, 146729 (CALI); Kanyakumari district, Maruthwamala, 09.08.2014, K. Thoiba 138094; Ibid., 30.10.2015, K. Thoiba & T. Mohammed Yoonus 146650, 146658, 146660, 146662, 146665 (CALI); Nagercoil, Mambazhathuraiyar reservoir, 29.10.2015, K. Thoiba & T. Mohammed Yoonus 146648 (CALI). Notes: Very similar to Tripogon zeylanicus and T. bromoides, but differs in having ovate-lanceolate, creamy yellow spikelets with up to 14 florets and lower glumes being deeply lobed below the middle along one-side; upper glumes bi-lobed at apex and 0.5 – 2 mm long arista at the sinus.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C11FFC1D146FA7E571CF5B2.taxon	description	Tripogon semitruncatus Nees ex Steud., Pl. Glum. 1: 301. 1854. Type: INDONESIA, Monte Laeou Javae, s. d., Junghugn, s. n. (iso L [L 0050285 digital image!]). Tripogon unidentatus Nees, Pl. Glum. 1: 301. 1854. Type: Northwest India, s. d., Royle P. 92 (holo P; iso K).	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C11FFC1D146FA7E571CF5B2.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from August to November. Habitat: Moist rock outcrops at higher elevation grassland (1000 – 4500 m). It grows in association with Cyanotis sp. (Commelinaceae), Eriocaulon sp. (Eriocaulaceae), Impatiens goughii Wight (Balasaminaceae), Tripogon bromoides, T. karnatakensis (both Poaceae), and moss species. Distribution: India, Bhutan, Nepal, North Myanmar, Pakistan and China. Specimens examined: INDIA, Karnataka, Belgaum district, s. loc., 10.1897, W. A. Talbot s. n. (BSI); Chamarajanagar district, Biligirirangan Betta, 28.04.1962, A. S. Rao 80409 (CAL); Chikmagalur district, Kavikal Gandi hills, 13.09.2014, K. Thoiba 137504 (CALI); Kodagu district, Tadiyandamol hills, 26.11.2014, K. Thoiba 137555 (CALI). Himachal Pradesh, Lahaul & Spiti district, Shell village site, 13.02.1957, S. C. Agarwal 1145 (CAL). Maharashtra, Pune district, Khandala, Paoli hill, 17.09.1951, H. Santapau 13409, 13415 (BLAT); Junnar, Ambe plateau, 04.10.1965, K. Hemadri 107590; Khed Taluk, near Gayimukh, 07.10.1962, K. P. Janardhanan 81643 (BSI); Raigad district, Matheran, hart point, 17.10.1960, N. A. Irani 5567 (BLAT). Meghalaya, East Khasi hills district, K & J hills, 25.09.1956, G. Panigrahi 3498 (CAL). Sikkim, North Sikkim district, Lachung, 01.09.1892, G. A. Gammie 1095; s. loc., 16.10.1875, s. coll. 25326; s. loc., 08.1866, Wight s. n. (CAL). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Velliangiri hills, 30.09.2016, A. K. Pradeep, Nikhil Krishna & K. Thoiba 146721, 146724, 146730 (CALI); Dindigul district, Kodaikanal, Mannavanur, Sheep farm, 28.08.1987, K. M. Matthew 5044; Kukkal, 19.10.1987, K. M. Matthew 50798; Vembadi peak, 17.12.1989, K. M. Matthew & K. T. Mathew 53998 (RHT); Salem district, Shevaroy hills, 10.08.2004, A. K. Pradeep 93156 a, 93156 b, 93156 c, 10 93156 d, 93156 e (CALI). Uttarakhand, Pauri Garhwal district, Chopra, 21.09.1975, A. S. Rao 56419 (CAL). Uttar Pradesh, s. loc., 10.1890, J. F. Duthie 10774 (CAL). ‘ Himalayas’, s. die., s. coll. s. n. (MH). Notes: Tripogon filiformis is a high altitude (1000 – 4500 m) species, often confused with T. bromoides and T. longearistatus but can be distinguished by its densely villous leaves, dense feathery racemes and long awned lemmas.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C13FFC6D146FC5E5229F535.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from October to late December. Habitat: This species grows from 1000 – 1500 m elevations on seasonally wet rocky hillsides, in association with Apluda mutica L., Eragrostiella bifaria, Themeda tremula Hack., Tripogon bromoides (all Poaceae), Crotalaria beddomeana Thoth. & A. A. Ansari (Fabaceae), Henckelia incana (Gesneriaceae) and Leucas ciliata (Lamiaceae). Distribution: Endemic to South India, hitherto known only from the type locality. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, Ramakkalmedu, 1500 m, 13.11.2014, K. Thoiba & A. K. Pradeep 137546; Ibid., 16.12.2014, K. Thoiba & A. K. Pradeep 137584 (CALI). Notes: Similar to Tripogon bromoides but can be identified by its sparsely hairy leaf blades, widely spread spikelets and paleas with an obtuse or acute apex with two sub-apical setae.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C14FFC5D3D6FCDF57D4F095.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from August to early November. Habitat: Gregarious, usually found in tussocks in open grassland, along boulders and on old walls of forts. It grows in association with Apluda mutica, Dimeria deccanensis Bor, Eragrostis maderaspatana Bor, E. minor Host, Eragrostiella bifaria, Tripogon bromoides (all Poaceae) and Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn. (Urticaceae). Distribution: India. Specimens examined: INDIA, Karnataka, Belgaum district, s. loc., 1897, Talbot 9782 (BLAT); Dharwad district, fort walls, 10.09.1890, W. A. Talbot 2301 (BLAT). Gujarat, Dhahod district, Devgadh, s. d., G. S. Puri 27303 (BSI). Jammu & Kashmir, Kathua district, Bhullari, 20.09.1963, R. S. Rao 91987 (BSI). Madhya Pradesh, Indore district, Manpur in Mordu road, 18.10.1982, A. S. Rao 83808 (BSI). Maharashtra, Akola district, Narnala fort, 25.02.1978, S. Y. Kamble 152866 (BSI); Amravati district, Chikhladara, Melghat, 23.08.1976, M. Y. Ansari 143769 (BSI); Aurangabad district, Ajanta caves, 06.11.1961, R. S. Rao 71440 (BSI); Buldhana district, Lodi forest, 25.09.1982, P. G. Diwaker 164171 (BSI); Jalna district, Shelgaon, 31.10.1961, K. P. Janardhanan 72827 (CAL); Nagpur district, Amravati road – 39 / 3 mile point, 17.09.1963, R. S. Rao & U. R. Deshpande 91718 a, 91718 b (BSI); Nashik district, Peth Ghat, 08.08.1961, K. P. Janardhanam 71983 (CAL); Saptashrungi Hill, 15.08.1983, P. L. Narasimhan 165257 (BSI); Osmanabad district, Ramling hill, 06.10.2001, s. coll. s. n. (SUK); Pune district, AIT, 08.2007, S. S. Rahangdale s. n. (AHMA); Awhat-Shorewadi, on the way from Khed Taluk, 10.08.1961, K. P. Janardhanan 72406 (BSI); Barshinge hills 11.09.1966, R. D. Pataskar 101263 (BSI, CAL); Bopodi, 13.02.1902, s. coll. 15309; Bawjhan, 10.10.1956, Jain 7535; between mental hospital & Vishrantwadi, 23.09.1960, M. Y. Ansari 64727; Chakan - Talegaon road, 19.09.1960, K. P. Janardhanan 66417; Camp canal cantt., 29.07.1960, K. C. Kanodia 64410; Donaje, 07.08.1964, M. Y. Ansari 97569 (BSI); Ganeshkhind, 08.1951, B. A. Razi 6276 (AHMA); Gargatwadi, 19.09.1960, K. P. Janardhanan 66276; Junnar, Shivneri hill, 14.08.1964, K. Hemadri 99655; Katraj Ghat, 30.09.1956, S. K. Jain 4076 (BSI); Katraj hill, 21.07.1956, V. D. Vartak 5249 (AHMA); Kharpudi hill top, 05.08.1961, K. P. Janardhanan 71835; Khed, Chakan - Talegaon road, 4 th mile point, 19.09.1960, K. P. Janardhanan 66417; Mahalunge, 02.11.1961, K. P. Janardhanan 72911; top of peth Ghat, 08.08.1961, K. P. Janardhanan 71983; Shelgaon, 31.10.1961, K. P. Janardhanan 72827; Manchar, Ghodegoan, 09.09.1956, G. S. Puri 7302; Markandey Top, 16.09.1966, R. D. Pataskar 108889; Narayangaon, Junnar, 23.10.1967, K. Hemadri 107055; Parvathi hills, 22.07.1960, M. Y. Ansari 64368 (BSI); Shivneri, 19.10.2001, s. coll. s. n. (SUK); Shivneri eastern exposure, 13.10.1962, s. coll. 83793; Shivneri hills, on way to top Junnar, 25.07.1963, M. Y. Ansari 88706; Shivneri fort, 10.10.1962, Hemadri & R. S. Rao 83545; Ibid., 15.08.1964, K. Hemadri 99685; Sinhagad, s. d., G. S. Puri s. n.; Ibid., 09.08.1956, G. S. Puri 5675; Taleran, 09.2006, S. S. Rahangdale s. n.; Vetal hill, 08.10.1987, V. N. Jhoshi 333 (AHMA); s. loc., 18.06.1902, L. D. Garade 486 (BSI); Raigad district, Shelu budruk, 29.08.1977, S. Y. Kamble 150213 (BSI). Rajasthan, Banswara district, s. loc., 20.03.1976, V. Singh 2913 (CAL); Chittorgarh district, s. loc., 17.08.1979, V. Singh & R. P. Pandey 7249 (CAL). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Poonachi, 10.10.1901, C. A. Barber 3726 (MH). Telangana, Hyderabad district, Golconda fort, 13.09.2014, A. K. Pradeep & K. Thoiba 144128 a, 144128 b, 144128 c, 144128 d; Ibid., 07.02.2018, K. Thoiba 146795 (CALI). Notes: Dey and Prasanna (2019) reduced T. polyanthus as a variety of T. jacquemontii, which is not accepted here, as our field studies showed both as two distinct species though they may look similar in herbarium specimens. Tripogon jacquemontii can easily be distinguished by its glaucous leaves and culms, and awns either shorter than the lemma or occasionally almost absent.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C17FFCAD146F97E52ABF5FF.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from September to December. Habitat: It grows on hill tracts among boulders and also along the Ghat road sides at elevations between 1000 – 1950 m, in association with Eriocaulon spp. (Eriocaulaceae), Impatiens spp. (Balsaminaceae), Indopoa paupercula, Tripogon bromoides, T. filiformis (all Poaceae) Cyanotis papilionacea and Murdannia dimorpha G. Brückn. (both Commelinaceae). Distribution: Endemic to South India, hitherto known only from the type locality and adjoining areas. Specimens examined: INDIA, Karnataka, Chikmagalur district, Baba Budan hills, 1560 m, 13.09.2014, K. Thoiba & Mohammed Yoonus 137501; Ibid., 13.09.2014, K. Thoiba & Mohammed Yoonus 137530 (CALI). Notes: Tripogon karnatakensis resembles T. fliformis, but differs in having flat to convolute, sparsely villous and adaxially scabrid leaves, 15 – 28 cm long stout leaden green racemes, 2 - keeled lower glumes and ciliate paleas with a deep apical notch.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C18FFCED3D6FBE557C0F19B.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from September to November. Habitat: This species is found growing on the cliffs of moist rocks along Ghat road sides and also grasslands at elevations of 600 – 1800 m. Occasionally seen in association with Begonia malabarica Lam. (Begoniaceae), Chlorophytum heynei Baker (Asparagaceae), Chrysopogon hackelii (Hook. f.) C. E. C. Fisch., Eragrostis collinensis Vivek, G. V. S. Murthy & V. J. Nair, Tripogon bromoides (all Poaceae) and Impatiens sp. (Balsaminaceae). Distribution: India, fairly common in southwest regions of the Peninsula. Specimens examined: INDIA, Goa, North Goa district, Dicholi, 12.09.1970, R. K. Kochhar 154177; Naruja, tableland Keyna, 29.11.1978, R. K. Kochhar 157977 (BSI); Surla, Satari, 02.10.2005, Harshala Gad & M. K. Janarthanam 244 (Goa University Herbarium); South Goa district, s. loc., 11.09.2016, Syam Radh S. & K. Thoiba 146739 (CALI). Karnataka, Chikmagalur district, Kudremukh National Park, 18.09.2015, K. Thoiba & A. K. Pradeep 144145 (CALI); Shimoga district, Mookambika Wildlife Sanctuary, Khodachadri, 09.09.2015, K. Thoiba 144163 (CALI). Kerala, Idukki district, way to Vagamon, 10.10.2015, K. Thoiba & C. Pramod 146606 (CALI); Wayanad district, Periya, Gurukula Botanical Sanctuary, 22.08.2015, K. Thoiba & A. K. Pradeep 144144 (CALI). Madhya Pradesh, Hoshangabad district, Pachmaxi road, Bori R. F., 06.10.1960, J. Joseph 11254 (MH). Maharashtra, Kolhapur district, Amba Ghat, 06.11.2016, K. Thoiba 146733 (CALI); Tillari, 16.09.2001, s. coll. s. n. (SUK); Mumbai district, Mumbai hills, Thanae range, 09.09.1968, K. V. Billore 116607 (CAL); Pune district, Bhimashankar, 30.03.1957, G. S. Puri 12598 (BSI); Ibid., 09.10.1962, K. P. Janardhanan 81740 (CAL); Junnar, Aie, 08.2007, S. B. Nagarkar 11526 (AHMA); Khandala, 20.09.1902, G. A. Gammie 15442; Meroli, 15.09.1957, S. D. Mahajan 17184 (BSI); Kukdeshwar, 07.10.2001, S. B. Nagarkar s. n. (AHMA); Lonavla, Ravine above Bashi lake, 28.09.1964, B. Venkata Reddi 98796 (BSI); Sinhagad, 05.09.2010, s. coll. 3422 (CALI); Rairashwar, 17.09.1958, V. D. Vartak 13860 (CAL); Vazirgarh fort, 26.12.1944, H. Santapau 5648; Ibid., 29.12.1945, H. Santapau 8335 (BLAT); Raigad district, Karnala, 29.09 1976, V. D. Vartak 1126 (AHMA); Matheran, Hart point, 08.10.2003, R. K. Singh 188778 (BSI); Satara district, Carnac point, 12.10.1960, M. Y. Ansari 67659; on the top of the fort, Muhshi, Ambawane, 06.09.1964, B. Venkata Reddi 99051; Khandala, 09.1907, A. Meebold 9121; Mahablaeshwar, Koyna, Tadorhi, 24.11.1978, R. K. Kochhar 157834; Ibid., 05.10.1957, G. S. Puri 25639 (CAL); Panchgani, 10.1908, E. Blatter 338; Mahabalaeshwar, 14.09.1958, H. Santapau 22737 (BLAT); Sindhudurg district, Amboli Ghat, Nanapuri, 31.10.1969, B. G. Kulkerni 119234; Mahadeogad, 09.10.1970, B. G. Kulkerni 121545 (BSI); s. loc., 30.09.2001, s. coll., s. n.; s. loc., s. die., M. M. Sardesai s. n. (SUK); Sangli district, Dongarwadi, 26.01.2005, Aparna Watve 00511 (AHMA). Rajasthan, Banswara district, s. loc., 20.03.1976, V. Singh 2913 (CAL); Churu district, Ratangarh, 04.10.1970, B. M. Wadhwa 128120 (BSI); Jaipur district, Devaliya, 29.09.1960, R. S. Rao 6606 (BSI); Jhalawar district, s. loc., 17.09.1964, B. M. Wadhwa 5405 (CAL); Jhunjhunu district, Khola hill, Sirohi, 24.10.1960, P. C. Nanda 2086 (CAL); Jodpur district, Mahalkari, Manar, 17.10.1906, s. coll. 2 (BSI); Sirohi district, Mount Abu, Guru Shikhar road, 10.11.1959, S. K. Jain 660177; on way to Devaliya, 29.09.1960, R. S. Rao 66643 (BSI). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Lambden’s peak, 03.06.1954, D. Daniel Sundararaj s. n. (MH); Dindigul district, Kodaikanal, Law’s Ghat road, 08.09.1985, K. M. Matthew 42249 (RHT). Notes: It resembles T. malabaricus, but differs in having flat or rolled leaves, inconspicuous ligules, racemes being straight or curved, upper glumes shortly aristate and awns as long as or shorter than the lemmas.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C18FFCED3D6FBE557C0F19B.taxon	description	Tripogon coreensis (Hack.) Ohwi var. longearistatus Hack. ex T. Mori, nom. nud.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C18FFCED3D6FBE557C0F19B.taxon	description	Flowering and fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from September to December. Habitat: On rocky slopes and also in river beds between 300 – 1500 m altitude. Distribution: China, India, Japan and Korea. Specimens examined: INDIA, Meghalaya, East Khasi hills district, Mawlynnong, 1496 m, 11.10.2017, Santhosh Nampy & Vishnu Mohan 156870 a, 156870 b, 156870 c, 156870 d, 156870 e (CALI). Sikkim, West Sikkim district, Tashiding, on the way to Phamerong waterfalls, 29.07.2018, Nikhil Krishna & K. Thoiba 159815 (CALI). Notes: Honda (1927) described T. longearistatus based on specimens collected from Quelpeart (Japan, Korea). He cited six specimens “ Corea: ins. Quelpaert (Taquet 1882, Anno 1908); ibidem (Taquet 3425, Anno 1909); ibidem (T. Nakai 4845, Anno 1917). Planta endemica ” without designating a type. According to Phillips and Chen (2002), among the materials cited, three syntypes are available at the Herbarium of the University of Tokyo (TI). While searching for the original specimens at TI, we could trace only two relevant sheets. Among them, the sheet Taquet 3425 (TI [TI 00016318 digital image!]) bears the type label, and also a determination slip affixed by M. Honda in the same year. The other sheet Nakai 4845 (TI [TI 100016317 digital image!]) was also determined by Honda in 1925 but with three specimens mounted on a single sheet without any type labels. Therefore, the sheet Taquet 3425 (TI [TI 00016318 digital image!]) carrying a well preserved specimen matching exactly with the protologue is designated here as the lectotype of T. longearistatus. Tripogon longearistatus closely resembles T. filiformis Nees ex Steud., but can easily be distinguished by its widely spaced spikelets with stiff strongly reflexed awns, lateral awns arising free from lemma tooth or from its outer margins, and by its solitary anther. However, specimens of T. filiformis with laxer racemes than usual, or with a tendency for the awns to reflex, and also young specimens of T. longearistatus with straight awns, can cause difficulty. There is little overlap in their geographical range. Tripogon filiformis is an upland and high altitude species, whilst T. longearistatus is confined to the eastern lowlands (Phillips & Chen, 2002; Chen & Phillips, 2006). Thorough examination of the protologue and type (Royle s. n., (K [K 000245038 digital image!]) of T. filiformis showed it as a distinct species. Tripogon filiformis is characterized by its filiform, lax and densely pilose leaves, upper glumes 2 - toothed below the apex, lemmas 4 - lobed, 3 - awned, median awns twice as long as the lemma or more.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C1CFFCFD3D6FF2254C5F29B.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting in September. Habitat: It was found growing on rocks above 1400 m elevation associated with Arundinella setosa Trin., Garnotia tenella Janowski and Jansenella griffithiana (Müll. Hal.) Bor (all Poaceae). Distribution: Endemic to India, hitherto known only from the type locality. Notes: The authors were not able to collect T. mahendragiriensis, and the description provided here is based on the type collection. The species is similar to Tripogon humilis and T. purpurascens, but differs mainly in having longer culms, leaf blades and racemes; lemmas unlobed, 3 - awned and two anthers.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C1DFFCDD146FB49540AF027.taxon	description	FiGS. 28, 29 & 32 Tufted perennial herb. Culms 25 – 65 cm high; nodes glabrous. Leaf sheaths 10 – 18 cm long, linear-lanceolate, coriaceous, villous adaxially, apex pubescent; ligules indistinct, tuft of 2.5 – 3.5 mm long hairs at apex; leaf blades 30 – 70 × 0.2 – 0.8 cm, linear-lanceolate, flat, margins slightly scabridulous or scabrid, pubescent with short white papillose hairs adaxially and glabrous abaxially. Racemes 15 – 40 cm long, 30 – 55 spikelets tightly arranged in rachis; rachis rigid, stout, glabrous; peduncles 8 – 15 cm long, glabrous. Spikelets 13 – 14 × 1.5 – 2 mm, linear, distant, dorsiventrally flattened, 4 – 7 - flowered; callus bearded; rachilla 1 mm long, glabrous; lower glumes 2.5 – 4 × 1 – 1.5 mm, coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, 1 - nerved, 1 - keeled, keels slightly scabrid, acuminate at apex; upper glumes 4.5 – 6 × 1 – 1.5 mm, lanceolate, coriaceous, 1 – 3 - nerved, 1 - keeled, scabrid, acute at apex; lemmas 3 – 5 × 1.5 – 2 mm, ovate-lanceolate, 3 - nerved, slightly keeled, scabrid, 1 - awned, awns 3 – 5 mm long, scabrid, sometimes slightly geniculate towards apex; paleas 3 – 5 × 1 – 1.5 mm, obovate, hyaline, 2 - keeled, ciliate, subulate at apex; lodicules 2, 0.25 – 0.5 mm long, truncate at apex, coarsely 3 - toothed; stamens 3, anthers 1.5 – 2 mm long, oblong, filaments 1 mm long, slender, glabrous; ovary 0.5 – 0.75 × 0.25 – 0.5 mm, obovate, styles 2, 0.5 – 0.75 mm long, slender, hyaline, stigma 0.75 mm long, plumose, creamy white. Caryopses not seen. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from late July to early November. Habitat: This species grows from 950 – 1500 m altitude on steep granitic cliffs, road cuts and wet rocky hillsides in association with Chlorophytum malabaricum Baker (Asparagaceae), Impatiens scapiflora B. Heyne, I. gardneriana Wight (Balsaminaceae), Kleinia grandiflora (DC.) Rani (Asteraceae), Pouzolzia auriculata Wight, P. bennetiana Wight (both Urticaceae), Themeda triandra Forssk. and Panicum spp. (both Poaceae). Distribution: Endemic to South India, hitherto known only from the type locality and adjoining areas. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Kozhikode district, Malabar Wildlife Sanctuary, Kakkayam, 09.11.2014, K. Thoiba 137545; Vayalada, Thalayad, Kakkayam, 16.09.2017, Nikhil Krishna & K. Thoiba 146746 (CALI); Malappuram district, Thamburankolli, Koodaranji, 30.10.2013, K. Thoiba 134480 (CALI). Notes: Dey and Prasanna (2019) reduced this taxon to synonymy under T. major subsp. vellarianus (Pradeep) Sang. Dey & Prasanna. This conclusion is based on a comparison of single specimen each of both the taxa available at CAL. Our field observations of both taxa do not support this finding. Tripogon malabaricus differs from T. vellarianus and T. lisboae in having linear, coriaceous, villous leaves, 13 – 14 mm long spikelets with 4 – 7 - florets, lemma with straight or geniculate, scabrid awns and keeled palea with a subulate apex.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C1FFFF0D146F9AD547CF740.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from September to early December. Habitat: It grows on hill sides among boulders and also along the Ghat road sides at elevations between 1000 – 1500 m, in association with Chrysopogon nodulibarbis, Tripogon bromoides, T. sivarajanii (all Poaceae), Henckelia incana (Gesneriaceae), Eriocaulon spp. (Eriocaulaceae) and moss species. Distribution: Endemic to India, hitherto known only from the type locality and adjoining areas. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, Kambakal Medu, Munnar, 26.09.2014, K. M. Manudev 138906 (CALI); Munnar, Udumbanchola, near Mundiyaruma, 16.12.2014, K. Thoiba, A. K. Pradeep & T. Mohammed Yoonus 144105 (CAL, CALI, K, MH); Ramakkalmedu, 23.10.2017, A. K. Pradeep & K. Thoiba 146752 (CALI). Notes: Tripogon munnarensis is similar to T. narayanae, but differs from it in having 10 – 16 mm long spikelets with 10 – 16 florets, rachilla 0.5 – 0.8 mm long, apically acute asymmetrical lower glumes, median awns 1 – 1.5 mm long, almost straight or curved, and lateral awns 0.5 – 0.8 mm long.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C1FFFF0D146F9AD547CF740.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from August to October. Habitat: This species is usually found growing along soil filled rock crevices, and wet areas along Ghat road sides and high elevation grasslands in association with Arundinella ciliata Nees, A. pumila, Garnotia tenella, Tripogon bromoides, T. munnarensis (all Poaceae), Cyanotis tuberosa (Roxb.) Schult & Schult. f. (Commelinaceae) and Henckelia innominata (B. L. Burtt) A. Weber & B. L. Burtt, (Gesneriaceae). Distribution: Endemic to Peninsular India. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, Kanthalloor, Pius Nagar, 13.11.2012, A. K. Pradeep & K. Thoiba 134401 a, 134401 b, 134401 c, 134401 d; Kanthallur, 22.11.2013, A. K. Pradeep & K. Thoiba 138008 a, 138008 b, 138008 c, 138008 d; Udumbanchola, Mundiyeruma, 16.12.2014, K. Thoiba & A. K. Pradeep 144103 a, 144103 b, 144103 c, 144103 d; Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, 09.12.2016, A. K. Pradeep & K. Thoiba 146764 (CALI). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Velliangiri hills, 30.09.2016, A. K. Pradeep & Nikhil Krishna 146722, 146723 (CALI); Nilgiri district, Gudallur, suicide point, 12.12.2015, K. Thoiba 146708 (CALI); Salem district, Yercaud, Rosegarden view point, 10.12.2017, Nikhil Krishna & K. Thoiba 146788 (CALI). Notes: It resembles Tripogon bromoides but differs in having densely tufted villous leaves, florets 4 – 6, lateral awns half the length of the median awns, and palea ciliate above the middle.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C22FFF7D146FE905453F19E.taxon	description	FiGS. 33, 34 & 36 Caespitose perennials. Culms 30 – 80 cm high, terete, erect; nodes glabrous. Leaf sheaths 1.5 – 6 cm long, ribbed, margins long ciliate; ligules membranous or ciliate; leaf blades 3 – 10 × 0.1 – 0.2 cm, linear, convolute, hairy at adaxially and glabrous abaxially, acuminate to attenuate at apex. Racemes 10 – 30 cm long, spiciform, erect or curved; spikelets arranged loosely in rachis; rachis 0.5 – 1.5 cm long, stout, glabrous or scabridulous; peduncle 5 – 13 cm, glabrous. Spikelets 2 – 6.5 × 0.1 – 0.2 cm, linear, yellowish or purple tinged, straw-coloured at dry, 20 – 60 - flowered; callus bearded, hairs 0.5 – 1 mm long; rachilla 1 – 1.2 mm long, scabridulous; lower glumes 3 – 3.5 × 0.5 – 0.75 mm, notched on one-side, ovate-lanceolate, 1 - nerved, 1 - keeled, keels slightly scabrid, mucronulate at apex; upper glumes 3.5 – 4.5 × 0.75 – 1 mm, linear-lanceolate, 1 - nerved, 1 - keeled, mucronate at apex, mucro 0.5 mm long; lemmas 3.5 – 4 × 0.6 – 1 mm (excluding awn), ovate-lanceolate, 3 - nerved, 1 - awned, 2 - lobed, lobes ciliate or sometimes minutely awned, median awns 1 – 2 mm long, scabrid; paleas 3 – 4.25 × 0.8 – 1.25 mm, obovate-lanceolate, narrowly winged, hyaline, 2 - keeled, keels ciliate, acute at apex; lodicules 2, 0.5 – 0.7 mm long, slightly cordate; stamens 3, anthers 1 – 1.6 mm long, oblong, filaments 0.5 – 0.75 mm long, slender, glabrous; ovary 0.3 – 0.5 mm long, obovate, styles 2, 0.5 – 0.75 mm long, slender, hyaline, stigma 0.75 – 1 mm long, plumose, creamy white. Caryopses 1.4 – 1.8 × 0.2 – 0.3 mm, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, light brown. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from August to October. Habitat: This species is generally found growing in open situations along dry river bed rocks in association with Aristida funiculata Trin. & Rupr., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Chrysopogon polyphyllus Blatt. & McCann, Digitaria annua Van der Veken, Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & Arn. (all Poaceae) and Tridax procumbens L. (Asteraceae). Distribution: Endemic to India, hitherto known only from a few localities in Maharashtra State. Specimens examined: INDIA, Maharashtra, Aurangabad district, Daulatabad, 400 m, 18.10.1973, B. W. Patunkar 1857 a (BSI, CAL); Nandurbar district, Tapi river bed, Prakasha, Shahada, 15.11.2016, K. V. C. Gosavi & K. Thoiba 146747 a, 146747 b, 146747 c (CALI); Pune district, Sinhagad, 05.09.2010, K. M. Manudev & Santhosh Nampy 3429 (CALI). Notes: Dey and Prasanna (2019) consider T. polyanthus as a variety of T. jacquemontii apparently based on the examination of herbarium specimens. However, our field studies show that they are very distinct and to be treated as two separate species. Tripogon polyanthus is rather confined to a few localities in Maharashtra and prefers to grow along dry river bed rocks, while T. jacquemontii is rather widespread in the hills of Central India. The report of this taxon (l. c.) from Madhya Pradesh is doubtful. Tripogon polyanthus differs from T. jacquemontii in having much longer many-flowered spikelets which are rather divaricate, more loose and straw-coloured, and the lemmas are 2 - fid at the apex.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C22FFF7D146FE905453F19E.taxon	description	Indian J. Forest. 40 (3): 285. 2017, syn. nov. Type: INDIA, Tamil Nadu, Velliangiri hills, Western Ghats, 22.11.2014, Murugesan 302 A (holo MH [MH 00003447!]; iso MH [MH 00003448!]). FiGS. 35 & 36 Densely tufted perennials. Culms up to 20 cm high, branched, thickened with the imbricating old leaf sheaths, slender, wiry and usually long exerted above; nodes concealed by the sheaths. Leaf sheaths 5 – 10 mm long, imbricate, striate; ligules represented by a minute hairy ridges; leaf blades 1 – 5 cm long, convolute or involute, rigid, pungent, often curved, equitant, coriaceous, 6 – 8 ribbed and minutely hispidulous adaxially, glabrous abaxially. Racemes 3 – 8 cm long, numerous, erect or curved, 15 – 35 spikelets loosely or tightly arranged in rachis; rachis narrow; peduncles 5 – 15 cm long, glabrous. Spikelets 2 – 6 × 1 – 1.5 mm, narrowly ellipsoid, 3 – 9 - flowered; callus bearded; rachilla 0.6 – 1 mm long, terete, more or less hairy, disarticulating at the base of each floret; lower glumes 2 – 3 × 0.5 – 1 mm, membranous, asymmetrical, 1 - nerved, obtuse (sometimes the glume completely divided into two sub-equal parts); upper glumes 2.8 – 4 × 0.5 – 1 mm, oblong, acute or notched, strongly 1 - ribbed, back rounded or more or less keeled; lemmas 1.5 – 2.5 × 0.8 – 1.5 mm (excluding awn), upper lemmas in spikelet tend to be smaller towards apex, broadly ovate, obtuse, 3 - nerved, apex shortly 2 - lobed, lobes obtuse, bearing an arista or awn from the sinus, arista 0.6 – 1.2 mm long; paleas 2 – 2.2 × 0.5 – 0.8 mm, oblanceolate, 2 - keeled, keels ciliolate, obtuse, conduplicate at apex; lodicules 2, narrowly ob-cuneate, 0.1 – 0.2 mm long, truncate; stamens 3, anthers 1 mm long, oblong, filaments 0.5 – 0.75 mm long, slender, glabrous; ovary minute, sub-globose, styles 2, distinct at the base. Caryopses 0.2 – 0.5 × 0.5 – 1 mm, oblong, cylindrical, light brown. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from September to November. Habitat: This species grows on rocks in higher elevation grasslands (900 – 1800 m) with the lower part of the stem in rock crevices. It is found in association with Arundinella mesophylla, Jansenella griffithiana, Tripogon bromoides (all Poaceae), Eriocaulon sp. (Eriocaulaceae), Desmodium styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr. (Fabaceae) and Utricularia praeterita P. Taylor (Lentibulariaceae). Distribution: Endemic to South India. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, Pothadi, Marayoor, 26.01.2018, F. Dani & K. Thoiba 146796; Ibid., 26.01.2018, F. Dani & K. Thoiba 158302 (CALI). Tamil Nadu, Dindigul district, s. loc., s. d., s. coll. 50215 (RHT). Notes: Tripogon paramjitianus was described by Murugesan et al. (2017) from the Velliangiri hills in Tamil Nadu. The authors distinguished their new species from T. pungens based on the size of leaf blades, lobes of glumes, and the number of florets in the spikelets. Tripogon pungens is unique in having thickened culms by persistent leaf sheaths and leaves being equitant, rigid and pungent. An examination of T. pungens in the field also shows that its leaves are not as pungent in the young stages and the racemes not much more extended from the leaves, while characters such as the size of spikelets, shape and number of lobes in glumes, size of awns in the lemma and the size of anthers are found to be variable, and cannot be taken as a reliable character in distinguishing species. An examination of the type of T. paramjitianus (Murugesan 302 A, MH!) and other specimens from Kerala and Tamil Nadu showed it to be conspecific with T. pungens, hence reduced it here into synonymy of T. pungens.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C25FFF4D3D6FF225223F210.taxon	description	Caespitose perennials, purple tinged. Culms 4 – 18 cm high, erect, sub-erect or ascending, slender, purplish, reddish-brown to green; nodes glabrous. Leaf sheaths 2 – 4 cm long, linear, persistent with remnants of culm bases of previous years, inrolled to the culm; ligules membranous, ciliate; leaf blades 1.7 – 8 × 0.07 – 0.2 cm, filiform, convolute, margins entire, densely pilose adaxially and glabrous abaxially, acuminate at apex. Racemes 3 – 15 cm long, solitary, spike-like, slender, straight or arcuate, spikelets arranged loosely in rachis; rachis angular; peduncles 7 – 11 cm long, glabrous. Spikelets 2.5 – 7 × 0.4 – 0.5 mm, oblong-elliptic, distant, laterally compressed, 2 – 4 (- 5 – 8) - flowered, purplish, with diminished sterile floret at the apex, disarticulation of florets from above glumes and in between florets; callus bearded; rachilla glabrous, almost straight, not persistent; lower glumes 1.5 – 3 × 0.5 – 0.7 mm, oblong-lanceolate, notched on one-side, 1 - nerved, 1 - keeled, keels slightly scabrid, acute at apex; upper glumes (2 –) 2.6 – 4.5 × 0.5 – 1 mm, elliptic-lanceolate, 1 - nerved 1 - keeled; lemmas 2 – 4.5 × 1 – 1.2 mm, elliptic, membranous, keeled, bifid, 3 - nerved, median nerve extends to form a mucro at apex; paleas 2 – 4 × 0.8 – 1 mm, obovate to elliptic, winged, surface pubescent, 2 - keeled, ciliate along margins, obtuse or emarginated at apex; lodicules 2, 0.3 – 0.4 mm long, truncate; stamens 3, anthers 1 – 1.2 mm long, oblong, filaments 0.3 – 0.5 mm long, slender, glabrous; ovary 0.3 – 0.4 × c. 0.25 mm, obovate, styles 0.7 – 1.2 mm long, slender, hyaline, stigma 1.2 – 1.3 mm long, plumose, creamy-white. Caryopses 0.5 – 1.2 × 0.2 – 0.3, linear-lanceolate, light brown. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from June to September. Habitat: This species restricted to open moist, rocky areas and open grassy slopes between 750 – 3200 m altitudes. Distribution: India, China, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Oman and Yemen. Specimens examined: INDIA, Andhra Pradesh, Nellore district, Veligonda, 07.1914, M. S. Ramaswami 1417 (CAL). Himachal Pradesh, Lahasa, on the way of Shimla to Kinnaur, 19.04.2016, K. V. C. Gosavi 146798 a, 146798 b, 19768 c (CALI). Kashmir, Ganderbal district, Sind Valley, 24.06.1892, J. F. Duthie 11457; s. loc., s. d., R. B. Majumder 670 (CAL). Madhya Pradesh, Rewa district, Nawagaon, 21.08.1954, K. Subramanyam 8565 (CAL). Maharashtra, Chandrapur district, Devada forest Camp, 20.08.1970, B. M. Wadhwa 137425 (BSI). Rajasthan, Jaipur district, Gopalpura, 17.07.1976, G. P. Roy 2679; University Campus, s. d., Y. D. Tiagi 9; s. loc., s. d., Griffith 6644; s. loc., 09.1964, Braun 3138 (CAL). Notes: Tripogon purpurascens is unique in having all parts purplish tinged, slender racemes and 2 - lobed lemma with the midrib extending in to a small mucro and awnless lateral lobes.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C26FFFAD3D6FBC3573BF76E.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from September to late December. Habitat: This species grows from 1500 – 2200 m elevations on road cuts and seasonally wet rocky hillsides. It is found growing in association with Anaphalis leptophylla DC. (Asteraceae), Eragrostis collinensis, E. nigra Steud., E. schweinfurthii Chiov., Tripogon bromoides (all Poaceae), Hypericum mysurense Wight & Arn. (Hypericaceae) and Spermacoce articularis L. f. (Rubiaceae). Distribution: Endemic to South India. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, Valakettimala, Moolamattam, 09.09.1998, C. N. Sunil 2115 a, 2115 b (CALI); Palakkad district, Silent Valley National Park, 25.09.2013, K. Thoiba & K. M. Manudev 135132; Nelliyampathy, Kurishumudi, s. die., C. N. Sunil 4478 (CALI). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Velliangiri hills, 22.02.1932, S. R. Raju & Ratnavelu 250 (MH); Ibid., 30.09.2016, A. K. Pradeep, Nikhil Krishna & K. Thoiba 146768 (CALI); Nilgiri district, Emerald, 09.11.2012, Remya J. & Prasanna 75485 (TBGT); Gudallur, shooting point, 12.12.2015, K. Thoiba 146704; Naduvattam, 10.1910, Bor 11562 (CAL); Ibid., 23.02.2010, Santhosh Nampy 2778 (CALI); Ibid., s. d., s. coll. 56 (MH); Nilgiri hills, Coonor, 20.03.1870, s. coll. 11125 a; Ibid., 20.03.1870, s. coll. 11125 b (CAL); Pykara, 03.12.2000, C. N. Sunil 2176, 2163; Suicide point, 12.12.2015, K. Thoiba 146707; (CALI); Udagamandalam, 23.12.2017, Nikhil Krishna & K. Thoiba 146794 (CALI); Ibid., 12.09.1930, N. Narayanaswami 4190, 4273; Ibid., 09.01.1902, C. A. Barber 4161 a, 4161 b (MH). Notes: Hooker (1896) recognized a new variety, T. bromoides var. major based on a specimen (Lawson 35, K 000907448 digital image!) collected from Naduvattam, Nilgiri hills of South India, which is treated here as conspecific with T. ravianus described from Nilgiri hills.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C28FFFBD146FE755265F24B.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from September to early December. Habitat: This species is usually found growing along grassy hill slopes at 800 – 1800 m elevations in association with Arundinella mesophylla, Chrysopogon hackelii, Eragrostis atrovirens (Desf.) Trin. ex Steud., E. collinensis, Eragrostiella bifaria, Tripogon bromoides (all Poaceae), Crotalaria grahamiana Wight & Arn. (Fabaceae), Henckelia fischeri (Gamble) A. Weber & B. L. Burtt, H. gambleana (C. E. C. Fisch.) A. Weber & B. L. Burtt (both Gesneriaceae), Impatiens acaulis (Balsaminaceae), Justicia latispica (Clarke) Gamble (Acanthaceae), Murdannia semiteres (Commelinaceae) and Swertia corymbosa (Griseb.) Wight ex Clarke (Gentianaceae). Distribution: Endemic to South India. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Ernakulam district, Shoolamudi, Variyam, 14.12.2016, Nikhil Krishna & K. Thoiba 146741; Ibid., 14.12.2016, Nikhil Krishna & K. Thoiba 146743 (CALI); Idukki district, Kattapana, 16.12.2014, K. Thoiba & A. K. Pradeep 144101; Kalvari Mount, Kattapana, 17.10.2015, K. Thoiba & A. K. Pradeep 146634; Kuttikanam Mundakayam road, 15.10.2015, K. Thoiba & A. K. Pradeep 146607; Marayoor, 24.05.2016, T. Shaju 66748; Munnar, Devikulam, 16.12.2014, K. Thoiba 137583; Meenuliyampara, 23.12.2009, Santhosh Nampy 2735; Peerumade, 16.10.2015, K. Thoiba & A. K. Pradeep 146614; Parunthpara, K. Thoiba & A. K. Pradeep 146632; Periyakanal waterfalls, 14.11.2014, K. Thoiba & A. K. Pradeep 137547; Vagamon, way to Pullikanam, 15.10.2015, K. Thoiba & A. K. Pradeep 146610; Ibid., 15.10.2015, K. Thoiba & A. K. Pradeep 146612; Valakettimala near Moolamattam, 02.09.1997, C. N. Sunil 2117 (CALI); Kollam district, Varkala, Sivagiri, Jadayipara, 10.10.2015, K. Thoiba & P. Soumya 146602 (CALI); Kottayam district, s. loc., 05.11.1956, S. C. Agarwal 881 (CALI); Palakkad district, Nelliyampathy, Keshavanpara, 07.11.2013, K. Thoiba 134485; Ibid., 07.11.2015, K. Thoiba 146678 (CALI); (CALI); Thiruvananthapuram district, Bonacaud, s. d., N. Mohanan 11389 (TBGT); Ponmudi, 05.09.2017, Nikhil Krishna & K. Thoiba 146755 (CALI); Thrissur district, Parambikulam Tiger Reseve, Karimala hills, 26.09.2013, K. Thoiba 134447, 134451; Shaekalmudi, Mudiyankunnu, 12.12.2013, K. Thoiba 138027 (CALI). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Valparai, Shivamalai, 13.12.2013, K. Thoiba 138010 (CALI). Notes: Arumugam and Murugan (2017) described Tripogon jayachandranii Arum. & Murugan from the Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu, India, and compared it with T. jacquemontii, T. pungens, T. copei, and T. wightii. According to them, these four species are allied to T. jayachandranii. During the course of the present investigation, the authors of the present revision have examined the types and protologues of all the five taxa involved, and found that, T. jayachandranii is conspecific with T. sivarajanii Sunil and not at all similar to any one of the species Arumugam and Murugan (2017) compared with, and hence it is reduced to synonymy of T. sivarajanii.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C29FFFED3D6FB9854C5F73D.taxon	description	Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from September to October. Habitat: Rare on rocky hill slopes, it grows on rocks at elevations between 800 to 2500 m, in association with Chamaecrista mimosoides (L.) Greene. (Fabaceae), Apluda mutica, Digitaria longiflora (Retz.) Pers., Eragrostiella bifaria, E. brachyphylla (Stapf) Bor, Heteropogon contortus (L.) Roem. & Schult., Ischaemum sp., Lophopogon tridentatus Hack., Tripogon bromoides and T. wightii (all Poaceae). Distribution: India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Thailand and Vietnam. Specimens examined: INDIA, Andhra Pradesh, Chittor district, Arai, Nagalakona, 23.02.2017, K. Thoiba & Mohammed Yoonus 146781; Penchalakona hills, 08.09.2016, Mohammed Yoonus, Nikhil Krishna & K. Thoiba 146782; Talakona watch house, 09.12.2017, Soumya, Geethika & K. Thoiba 146791 (CAL); Penchalakona hills, s. d., s. coll. 146782 (CALI); Nellore district, Rapur Ghat, 09.10.2016, B. R. P. Rao & M. Anil Kumar 52148 (SUK). Maharashtra, Dhule district, Tarad, near Shirpur, 17.09.2015, K. V. C. Gosavi & K. Thoiba 146784 (CALI). Meghalaya, East Khasi hills district, Cherrapunjee, 07.1878, G. Gallatly 476; K hills, 09.1856, s. coll. s. n.; K & J hills, 22.12.1959, G. Panigrahi 19282; Ibid., 24.09.1886, C. B. Clarke 45089; Khasia, 25.09.1886, C. B. Clarke 45671 A; Ibid., Kullong, 23.08.1885, C. B. Clarke 40028; Ibid., 29.08.1886, C. B. Clarke 45092; Mawphlang, 11.09.1886, C. B. Clarke 44707 A; Shillong, Bishop Falls, 26.09.1885, C. B. Clarke 40543; s. loc., 08.1919, P. W. Meekinnon s. n. (CAL). Notes: Tripogon trifidus is extremely variable. Specimens from northeast and southern India often look different. The height of the plant varies from 20 – 95 cm, the ligules are very short and ciliate at maturity, but at the flowering stage, long pilose hairs may be present at the throat, which fall down when reaching maturity. Both awned and unawned types of lemmas (from young and mature racemes) are seen in a single collection.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C2CFFFCD146FEA654C2F4AA.taxon	description	FiGS. 42, 43 & 50 Tufted perennial herb. Culms 30 – 150 cm high erect; nodes glabrous. Leaf sheaths 4 – 10 cm long, linear, glabrous; ligules indistinct or a tuft of 1 – 4 mm long hairs at apex in young stage; leaf blades 30 – 60 × 8 – 15 mm, linear-lanceolate, flat, sparsely hairy at adaxially and glabrous abaxially, acuminate to attenuate at apex. Racemes 30 – 40 cm long, Spikelets appressed to concavities in rachis; rachis 2.5 – 3 cm long, rigid, glabrous; peduncle 10 – 25 cm long, glabrous. Spikelets 10 – 17 × 3 – 3.6 mm, linear, distant, dorsiventrally flattened, 6 – 12 - flowered; callus bearded, hairs 1 – 1.2 mm long; rachilla 0.5 mm long, glabrous, straight, not persistent; lower glumes 4 – 5.2 × 0.9 – 1.1 mm, lanceolate, symmetrical, 1 - nerved, 1 - keeled, glabrous, purplish tinged dorsally, acuminate at apex; upper glumes 5 – 7.5 × 1 – 1.5 mm, elliptic-lanceolate, 1 - keeled, 1 – 3 - nerved, glabrous acute to acuminate at apex; lemmas 5 – 10 × 1 – 2 mm (excluding the awn), ovate-lanceolate, 3 - nerved, slightly keeled, 1 - awned, awns scabrid, apex straight or geniculate, median awns 3 mm long, awns scabrid, lateral awns absent or closely adpressed to the median awn; paleas 4 – 8 × 0.8 – 1 mm, narrowly elliptic, hyaline, 2 - keeled, winged, keels minutely puberulous, acute or obtuse at apex; lodicules 2, 0.25 – 0.5 mm long, quadrate, apex coarsely 3 - toothed; stamens 3, anthers 1.5 – 2 mm long, oblong, filaments 0.5 mm long, slender, glabrous; ovary 0.25 mm long, obovate, styles 2, 0.8 mm long, slender, hyaline, stigmas 0.6 – 0.8 mm long, plumose, creamy white to purplish. Caryopses 2.5 – 3.5 × 0.5 – 0.7 mm, oblong-cylindric, light brown. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from September to January. Habitat: This species is rather rare and occurs from 1000 to 1500 m on seasonally wet rocky hill sides in association with Arthraxon lancifolius, Arundinella pumila, Chrysopogon nodulibarbis, Themeda tremula, Tripogon bromoides (all Poaceae), Cyanotis arachnoidea C. B. Clarke, Murdannia semiteres (both Commelinaceae), Henckelia humboldtiana (Gesneriaceae) and Ipsea malabarica Hook. f. (Orchidaceae). Distribution: Endemic to South India, hitherto known only from the type locality and adjoining areas. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Kozhikode district, Damodaran kolli, way to Vellarimala, 14.11.1997, A. K. Pradeep 56187 a, 56187 b, 56187 c; above Olichuchattum falls, way to Vellarimala, 19.98.1997, A. K. Pradeep 56035 a, 56035 b, 56035 c; Kakkadampoyil, 09.10.2013, K. Thoiba 134468 a, 134468 b, 134468 c (CALI). Notes: Dey and Prasanna (2019) without having studied the living populations in the field, treated this taxon as a subspecies of the South African T. major Hook. f. Tripogon vellarianus is a distinct species characterised by its strongly tussockforming habit, broad leaves and large spikelets. It is perhaps the tallest species of Tripogon in the genus.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C2EFFFDD146FD3955B1F124.taxon	description	Caespitose perennials. Culms 10 – 25 cm high, erect or stoloniferous; nodes glabrous. Leaf sheaths 3 – 5 cm long, linear, glabrous, persistent; ligules membranous with 0.4 – 0.6 mm long hairs at apex; leaf blades 5 – 18 × 0.2 – 0.25 cm, linear-lanceolate, convolute or sometimes equitant, surfaces ciliate adaxially and glabrous, ribbed abaxially, acuminate to attenuate at apex. Racemes 6 – 13 cm long, solitary, spike-like, 6 – 12 spikelets loosely arranged in rachis; rachis 4 – 6 mm long, stout, angular, scabridulous; peduncle 3 – 11 cm long, glabrous, ribbed. Spikelets 10 – 25 × 2 – 3 mm, linear, distant, dorsiventrally flattened, leaden green, 6 – 9 - flowered, acute at apex, disarticulation of florets from above glumes and in between florets; callus bearded, hairs 1.5 – 1.8 mm long; rachilla 0.5 – 1 mm long, glabrous, straight or zig zag, not persistent; lower glumes 4 – 4.5 × 0.7 – 1 mm, asymmetrical, ovate-lanceolate, 1 - nerved, 1 - keeled; keels slightly scabrid, acuminate or mucronulate at apex; upper glumes 4.5 – 5.5 × 1.5 – 2 mm, elliptic-lanceolate, 1 - nerved, 1 - keeled, apex dentate, mucronate, mucro 0.3 – 0.4 mm long; lemmas 8 – 9.5 × 1.5 – 2 mm (including awn), elliptic-lanceolate, 2 - lobed, 3 - nerved, slightly keeled, 1 - awned, awns scabrid, straight, slightly bend when mature, 3 – 6 mm long, lateral lobes sharply acuminate or sometimes look like a minute awn, lobes 1 – 1.5 mm long; paleas 3 – 3.5 (– 4 – 5) × 1.4 – 1.6 mm, elliptic-oblanceolate, broadly winged, hyaline, 2 - keeled, keels ciliate, emarginate or 2 - lobed with a minute central notch at the apex; lodicules 2, c. 0.4 mm long, slightly cordate; stamens 3, anthers 1.5 – 2 mm long, oblong, filaments c. 0.3 mm long, slender, glabrous; ovary c. 0.5 mm long, obovate, styles 2, 0.8 – 1 mm long, slender, hyaline, stigma 0.7 – 1 mm long, plumose, creamy white to purple violet. Caryopses 0.45 – 0.7 × 0.2 – 0.3 mm, narrowly oblong, brown. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from August to October. Habitat: This species grows between 1200 – 2200 m elevations on rocks and wet rocky hillsides in association with Cyanotis concanensis Hassk., C. cristata (both Commelinaceae), Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) Will. Watson, Tripogon bromoides, T. filiformis, T. sivarajanii (all Poaceae), Henckelia humboldtiana, H. wightii (C. B. Clarke) A. Weber & B. L. Burtt (Gesneriaceae) and Impatiens sp. (Balsaminaceae). Distribution: Endemic to South India. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, Peerumedu, Parunthpara, 16.10.2015, K. Thoiba & A. K. Pradeep 146621, 146628, 146629 (CALI); Palakkad district, Nelliyampathy, Keshavanpara, 07.11.2013, Thoiba K. 134492 (CALI); Thrissur district, Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, Karimala hills, 23.10.1990, Sasidharan s. n.; Ibid., 26.09.2013, K. Thoiba 134454; (CALI). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Velliangiri hills, 30.09.2016, A. K. Pradeep & Nikhil Krishna 146725, 146700 (CALI). Notes: Tripogon velliangiriensis was first described from the Velliangiri hills in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu by Murugesan and Balasubramaniam (2008). They distinguished it from T. wightii by its “ leaves being longer than the inflorescence, 15 – 20 cm long; lower glume not toothed, linear-lanceolate, 6 – 6.5 mm long, awned, awns 1.5 – 2.5 mm long; upper glume 2 - toothed, linear-lanceolate, 8 – 9.5 mm long, awned, awns 2 – 2.5 mm long; median awn of lemma 10.5 – 12 mm long; straight, lobes of lemma acuminate, awned, awn 1.5 – 2 mm long ”. Subsequently, Newmaster et al. (2008) published T. copei from the same hills of Velliangiri in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. The type (Ragupathy & Newmaster 55277) of this species was reportedly deposited at OAC and KASCH. The authors tried in vain to locate the isotype of this taxon at KASCH and no holotype was available at OAC (Ragupathy, personal communication dated 14.07.2016). The authors collected a good number of specimens from different areas of Velliangiri and adjoining hill ranges. A critical examination of protologue and available materials from the type locality shows that the floral characters used to delimit T. copei from T. velliangiriensis are variable. The authors have observed populations of T. velliangiriensis with longer leaves, asymmetrical lower glumes, exceptionally symmetrical at the apical spikelets, almost straight median awns, and palea cleft at apex. Even though the type specimens were unavailable for our studies, judging from the description and illustrations of T. copei provided in the protologue and a number of specimens collected from the type locality, we prefer to reduce T. copei to synonymy of T. velliangiriensis.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C2FFFE3D3D6F8AF54D0F314.taxon	description	FiGS. 46, 47 & 50 Caespitose perennials. Culms 20 – 35 cm high; stoloniferous or not, nodes glabrous. Leaf sheaths 2.3 – 4 cm long, linear, ribbed, persistent, inrolled to the culm; ligules indistinct with a tuft of 4 – 6 mm long hairs at apex; leaf blades 5 – 15 × 0.2 – 0.3 cm, equitant, convolute, margins smooth, minutely ciliate adaxially, glabrous abaxially, margins minutely serrulate towards apex, acuminate to attenuate at apex. Racemes 6 – 15 cm long, solitary, spike-like, slender, with 8 – 12 spikelets loosely arranged in rachis; rachis stout, flat to triquetrous and serrulate, 3 – 7 mm long; peduncles 7 – 11 cm long, glabrous. Spikelets 13 – 30 × 0.5 – 0.7 mm (excluding awns), oblong, distant, dorsiventrally flattened, olive to dark green or yellowish, 5 – 16 - flowered, disarticulation of florets from above glumes and in between florets; callus bearded, hairs 1 – 1.2 mm long; rachilla 1 – 1.2 mm long, glabrous to scabrid, almost straight, not persistent; lower glumes 3.6 – 4.8 × 0.5 – 0.7 mm, oblong-lanceolate, asymmetrical, 1 - nerved, 1 - keeled, keels slightly scabrid, acuminate at apex, uppermost one with 1 – 1.3 mm long arista at apex; upper glumes 5 – 7 × 1 – 1.2 mm, elliptic-lanceolate, 1 - nerved, 1 - keeled, apex dentate, 1 - awned, awns 1 – 1.5 mm long, aristate at sinus; lemmas 4.8 – 6.2 × 1.4 – 2 mm, ovate-lanceolate, 2 - lobed, lobes acute-acuminate, 1.2 – 1.5 mm long, 3 - nerved, slightly keeled, 1 - awned, median awns 6 – 8 mm long, scabrid, straight to curved at maturity; paleas 2.3 – 4.2 × 1 – 1.5 mm, obovate to elliptic, broadly winged, surface pubescent, 2 - keeled, ciliate along margins, sharply 2 - lobed with a central notch at apex; lodicules 2, 0.3 – 0.4 mm long, truncate; stamens 3, anthers 1 – 2 mm long, oblong, filaments 0.3 – 0.5 mm long, slender, glabrous; ovary 0.3 – 0.5 × c. 0.25 mm, obovate, styles 0.7 – 1.2 mm long, slender, hyaline, stigma 1.2 – 1.3 mm long, plumose, creamy white. Caryopses 1.4 – 2.2 × 0.5 mm, oblong-elliptic, light brown. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from August to January. Habitat: Occuring in seasonally wet hill slopes in association with Arundinella ciliata Nees, Tripogon bromoides, T. sivarajanii (all Poaceae), Cyanotis tuberosa, Murdannia semiteres (both Commelinaceae) and Henckelia incana (Gesneriaceae). Distribution: Endemic to Peninsular India. Specimens examined: INDIA, Andhra Pradesh, Chittoor district, Horsleykonda, 08.1989, J. S. Gamble 20920 (CAL). Kerala, Ernakulam district, Shoolamudi, Variyam, 14.12.2016, Nikhil Krishna & K. Thoiba 146741 (CALI); Palakkad district, Nelliyampathy, 07.11.2013, K. Thoiba 134490, 146679 (CALI); Thrissur district, Sholayar, valve house, 11.12.2013, K. Thoiba 138031 (CALI). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Valparai, Shivamalai, 13.12.2013, K. Thoiba 138011 (CALI); Nilgiri district, Pakasuramalai, 29.08.1957, K. M. Sebastine 3944 (CAL). Notes: Tripogon wightii differs from other species in having leaves shorter than racemes, leaf blades equitant, spikelets being large sized (up to 20 mm long), awns in lemma straight when young and recurved at maturity, awns never more than twice as long as the lemma, and palea notched at apex.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
0381878F6C31FFE1D146FAFC5510F7D7.taxon	description	FiGS. 48 – 50 Caespitose perennials. Culms 30 – 50 cm high erect; nodes glabrous, slightly geniculate, 1 - noded. Leaf sheaths 4 – 10 cm long, linear, glabrous or hairy; ligules a small fine membrane with a tuft of 1 – 2 mm long hairs at apex; leaf blades 25 – 40 × 0.3 – 0.5 mm, linear-lanceolate, flat-convolute, more hairy towards collar, sparsely hairy along margins and both surfaces, acuminate to attenuate at apex. Racemes 10 – 30 cm long, solitary, slender, spikelets loosely or tightly arranged in rachis; rachis 3 – 7 mm long, stout, glabrous or scabrid; peduncles 10 – 15 cm long, glabrous. Spikelets 8 – 15.5 × 3 – 3.5 mm, ovate-lanceolate, linear, dorsiventrally flattened, leaden green, 7 – 15 - flowered; callus bearded, hairs 0.5 – 1 mm long; rachilla 1 – 1.3 mm long, glabrous, almost straight, not persistent; lower glumes 4 – 5 × 0.75 – 1 mm, asymmetrical, ovate-lanceolate, 1 - nerved, 1 - keeled, keels slightly scabrid, awned at apex, awns 1 – 1.5 mm long; upper glumes 7 – 9 × 0.5 – 1 mm, elliptic-lanceolate, 1 - nerved, 1 - keeled, apex 2 - lobed, mucronate or awned, awns scabrid, 1 – 2 mm long; lemmas 7 – 8 × 1.5 – 2.5 mm (including awn), oblong-lanceolate, slightly keeled, 6 - lobed, 3 - nerved, 3 - awned, lateral awns and median awns sub-equal or sometimes reduced, lateral lobes on either side of each lateral awn 0.25 – 0.5 mm long, awns scabrid, apex straight or geniculate, median awns c. 4 mm long, lateral awns 0.5 – 3 mm long, lateral lobes 1 – 1.5 mm long, acuminate, margins scabrid, apex sometimes bi-lobed; paleas 3 – 4 × 1 – 1.4 mm, elliptic-oblanceolate, hyaline, 2 - keeled, ciliate, acuminate at apex; lodicules 2, 0.3 – 0.5 mm long, truncate; stamens 3, anthers 1.3 – 2 mm long, oblong, filaments 0.5 – 0.75 mm long, slender, glabrous; ovary 0.3 – 0.6 mm, obovate, styles 2, 1 – 1.2 mm long, slender, hyaline, stigma 0.7 – 1.2 mm long, plumose, creamy white. Caryopses 1.2 – 1.8 × 0.3 – 0.4 mm, narrowly oblong, cylindrical, brown. Flowering & fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from September to early December. Habitat: This species is usually found growing in seasonally wet rock crevices and Ghat road sides at elevations between 700 – 2000 m in association with Arundinella pumila, Eragrostis collinensis, Tripogon bromoides, T. ravianus, T. sivarajanii (all Poaceae), Cyanotis tuberosa and C. villosa (Spreng.) Schult. & Schult. f. (both Commelinaceae). Distribution: Endemic to South India and Sri Lanka. Specimens examined: INDIA, Kerala, Idukki district, Eravikulam Sanctuary, 27.08.1980, P. V. Sreekumar 68403 (BSID, MH); Ibid., 15.12.2014, K. Thoiba & A. K. Pradeep 137571 a, 137571 b; Ibid., 12.12.2015, K. Thoiba & A. K. Pradeep 146697 (CALI); Ibid., 16.11.1980, P. V. Sreekumar 69429 (BSID). s. loc., s. d., C. N. Sunil 1775 (CALI); Poovanpara, 07.09.1997, S. D. Biju 36185 (TBGT); Alampetty, Marayoor – Chinnar road, 26.10.2017, A. K. Pradeep & K. Thoiba 146753 (CALI); Munnar, 14.11.1980, P. V. Sreekumar 68460 (BSID); Wayanad district, Chembra, 12.10.2012, Remya J. & Prasanna 74507 (TBGT). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Valparai, 28.01.1978, M. Chandrabose 57709 (MH); Dindigul district, Kodaikanal, Shevaroy hills, 09.1905, C. A. Barber 7254; Observatory hills, 09.1905, C. A. Barber 7254 a; Palani hills, Poombarai road, 04.07.1901, Bourne 2111 (MH); Kodaikanal, Palani hills, Berijam road, 06.12.1986, K. M. Matthew & M. Charles 47756; Kukkal, Boothanachiammankoil hill, 19.10.1987, K. M. Matthew 50803; KodaiBerijam road, 16 th km, 17.12.1989, S. Perianayagam 53973; Vandaravu, 18.12.1989, K. M. Matthew & K. T. Matthew 54018; Berijam slopes, 09.08.1984, K. M. Matthew 40785 (RHT); Nilgiri district, Avalanche, 14.10.1972, K. Vivekananthan 42950; Bison swamp, 11.06.1970, B. V. Shetty 34196 a; Mukurthi National Park, 16.05.1971, J. L. Ellis 38476 (MH); s. loc., 24.05.2016, C. N. Sunil 1775 (CALI); Ootacamund, 05.08.1900, C. A. Barber 2652; Wenlock downs, Ootacamund, 11.11.1956, B. D. Patil 945 (CAL); s. loc., s. d., Wight 1871 (CAL); s. loc., s. d., s. coll. 56 (MH). Notes: Tripogon zeylanicus was originally described without giving a reference to a specimen. However, Steudel (1854) while validating the name provided a reference to the country of collection as “ Ins Zeylon ”. A search for specimen used for the description of T. zeylanicus from Sri Lanka, resulted in two specimens bearing the same collection number (C. P. 281) one at CAL and the other at K which was also cited by Thwaites (1864). There are five specimens of various sizes mounted on the single sheet at K (K 000907445 digital image!). An illustration with all its floral parts derived from C. P. 281 is seen attached on the middle left and side of the sheet. All parts in the drawing agreeing well with the description provided by Steudel and subsequently by Thwaites. Presumably it is the sheet used by Steudel for describing T. zeylanicus and is selected here as the lectotype. The left hand side specimen with the illustration affixed, probably with a young inflorescence cannot be ascertained to be T. zeylanicus. Tripogon anantaswamianus described by Sreekumar et al. (1983 b) exactly correspond to T. zeylanicus and hence it is reduced to synonymy.	en	K., Thoiba, Abstract, A. K. Pradeep, Roem., Tripogon (2020): A revision of Tripogon (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in India. Rheedea 30 (3): 325-378, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01, URL: https://doi.org/10.22244/rheedea.2020.30.03.01
