taxonID	type	description	language	source
038987C1FFEBFFD5E4D8FF5DA91F62F3.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.5 – 2.5 mm. Body colour dark brown. Face brown, frons dark brown. Interfrontal bristles in 4 – 5 (usually 5) pairs; postocellar bristles slightly convergent; 2 pairs of small postocellar setulae. Gena frequently yellow on anterior 1 / 3 to 2 / 3, occasionally brown to dark brown; eye to gena ratio approximately 2.3: 1; 8 – 10 genal setae with anterior seta twice as long as posterior. Scutellum with 25 – 30 discal setae distributed evenly between basal 1 / 6 and basal 1 / 4; 3 – 4 lateral bristles between larger anterior and posterior marginal scutellar bristles. Katepisternum with 2 small subequal dorsal bristles, each approximately 1 / 5 as long as the distance between dorsal margin of katepisternum and wing base. Legs brown, fore coxa yellow. Distal 1 / 2 of male fore basitarsus conspicuously quadrate. Mid tibia with additional small anterodorsal bristle at 1 / 8; proximal posterodorsal bristles present at approximately 1 / 4 and 1 / 2. Mid basitarsus with small, stout anterior bristles at 1 / 2 and 3 / 4, 1 subapical bristle, 1 stout, sub-basal anteroventral bristle, and a strong anteroventral bristle at 1 / 2 with a smaller posteroventral bristle just distal to it. Male hind basitarsus with conspicuous apicoventral process. Second costal sector 1.1 – 1.9 times as long as third costal sector. Costal bypass short, terminating within 5 vein widths of R 4 + 5. M on male wing angled posteriorly beyond r-m, appearing to be continuous with dm-cu. Crossvein dm-cu on male wing shallowly S-shaped, intersection with cu acute and conspicuous. Anal vein with distinct angulate bend. Posterior margin of male wing with distinct concavity at 3 / 4, row of enlarged ventral hairs along concavity, directed anteriorly. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 crescent-shaped, anterior margin concave, posterior margin slightly produced medially with posteromedial patch of dense microtrichia and a posterior row of enlarged bristles; lateral bristles enlarged. Left ventral portion of sternite 6 with convex posterior margin. Epandrium with enlarged pair of dorsolateral bristles; subanal plate incomplete (cerci and epandrium separate medially below anal opening); ventral margin of cerci relatively flat and straight, 2 or 3 enlarged bristles present in a cluster posteromedially on. Surstylus with posterior and posteroventral processes; posterior process with elongate thickened black bristle at base, 2 subapical tooth-like bristles, and 4 – 6 apical bristles; posteroventral process short, rounded, heavily bristled. Postgonites symmetrical, straight, with distinct pointed posterior process half way along its length, and row of 3 small anterior setae distal to posterior process. Basiphallus gently curved, tubular, open posteriorly; epiphallus with elongate crest. Lateral sclerites of distiphallus rounded, with elongate, anteriorly directed process; central sclerite fusing with lateral sclerites apically; additional sclerite ventral to central sclerite, fused with central sclerite ventroapically and in centre; ventral surface of distiphallus bulbous. Apical membranes with sparse, lightly sclerotized spines. Female terminalia: Tergite 8 long laterally, short dorsally. Tergite 10 pollinose, narrowly fused to cerci laterally; cerci conical, pollinose, with long and sinuate bristles. Sternite 7 broad, rounded. Sternite 8 transverse with rounded posterior corners, and a posterior row of 4 small setae. Sternite 10 relatively parallel with tergite 10 and cerci, posterior margin not curved dorsally, lateral portions curved dorsally, with medial and lateral pairs of enlarged bristles. Spermathecae spherical; duct length approximately equal in length to spermathecal bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEBFFD5E4D8FF5DA91F62F3.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: SWEDEN: “ in Svecciae meridionalis, in Paradislyckan ad Lund ” (LUND, not examined). Material examined. See Appendix A.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEBFFD5E4D8FF5DA91F62F3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: Zaire; Australasian / Oceanian: Hawaii (USA); Nearctic: Canada (AB, BC, MB, ON, QC), USA (AK, AR, AZ, CA, CO, FL, GA, ID, IN, KY, LA, MD, MN, NC, NH, NJ, NM, OH, OK, OR, PA, TN, TX, UT, VA, WA, WI, WY); Neotropical: Bermuda, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico (BCS, CAM, CHU, COA, DUR, JAL, MEX, MOR, NAY, VRC), Puerto Rico, Venezuela; Oriental: Japan (Okinawa), Pakistan, Taiwan; Palaearctic: Afghanistan, Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Georgia, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirghistan, Latvia, Macedonia, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (CET, FE, NET, SET, WS), Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadjikistan, Uzbekistan.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEBFFD5E4D8FF5DA91F62F3.taxon	discussion	Comments. Coproica acutangula was designated as the type species of Coproica in 1996 (ICZN, 1996). It is cosmopolitan in distribution and the name-giving species of the C. acutangula species group, a group with an Old World origin. Males of C. acutangula can be distinguished from all other species of Coproica by a cluster of elongate microtrichia on the posterior wing margin, dm-cu forming an acute angle with CuA 1 (Fig. 29), and a ventral process on the hind basitarsus (Fig. 14; the latter character is shared with its sister species, C. digitata). Although we did not reexamine the type, the identity of this distinctive, common, synanthropic species seems unequivocal, as it has been consistently treated in the literature for many years.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE8FFD4E4D8FDC9AEB46084.taxon	description	Figs. 16, 21, 41 – 52 Description. Body length 1.2 – 1.7 mm. Body colour brown. Face and frons brown. Interfrontal bristles in 3 – 4 pairs; postocellar bristles convergent; postocellar setulae absent. Eye to gena ratio approximately 2: 1; 4 genal setae in longitudinal row posterior to vibrissa. Scutellum with approximately 10 bristles arranged in 2 rows between basal 1 / 4 and basal 1 / 2, posterior row approximately 1.3 times longer than anterior row; 2 lateral bristles present between larger anterior and posterior marginal scutellar bristles. Katepisternum with 2 small dorsal bristles, each approximately 1 / 5 as long as the distance between dorsal margin of katepisternum and wing base. Legs and fore coxa brown. Mid tibia with 1 proximal posterodorsal bristle at 2 / 5. Mid basitarsus with row of small, stout anterior bristles beginning at 1 / 5 and extending to apex, continuous row of small, stout anteroventral bristles, 2 – 3 small posteroventral bristles, variable in position. Second costal sector 0.8 – 1.0 times as long as third costal sector. Costal bypass short, terminating within 5 vein widths of R 4 + 5. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 rounded rectangular, posteromedial patch of slightly dense microtrichia; all discal bristles uniform in size. Sternite 6 straight medially. Epandrium with enlarged pair of dorsolateral bristles; subanal plate incomplete; ventral margin of cerci with strong posteromedial bristled processes, process on left cercus 2 times as long as process on right cercus. Surstylus with rounded posteroventral lobe lined with short bristles, slightly asymmetrical. Postgonites asymmetrical, curved anteriorly; left postgonite thick, with pointed apex; right postgonite narrow distally, bifurcate at apex. Basiphallus gently curved, tubular, closed posteriorly; epiphallus unmodified. Lateral sclerites of distiphallus with sharp posterodorsal angle, row of 3 dorsal processes, proximal process sharp with narrow, pointed medial process, central process broad, blunt, distal process, narrow, sharp, and sinuate; distal ventral angle rounded, protruding. Central sclerite fused with lateral sclerites ventral to central process. Female terminalia: Tergite 8 reduced to 2 long lateral sclerites with medial membrane connecting them. Tergite 10 pollinose, narrowly fused to cerci laterally; cerci conical, pollinose, cercal bristles long and sinuate. Sternite 7 broad, rounded, posterior projection broad and deeply concave, appearing like 2 processes. Sternite 8 with broad anterior process with 2 small lateral points, a large pair of central bristles, and a row of four small setae anterior and posterior to it. Sternite 10 with medial and lateral pairs of enlarged bristles, posterior margin bluntly pointed, not curved dorsally. Spermathecae elongate, pear-shaped; duct length approximately 3 times as long as spermathecal bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE8FFD4E4D8FDC9AEB46084.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: ARGENTINA: Salta, Rosario de Lerma, 24. ii. 1992, swept over bulldozed rd., S. A. Marshall (DEBU). Paratypes: ARGENTINA: same as holotype (10 ♂ ** – ill – w, 13 ♀ ** – ill.); same as holotype except swept over foul ditch (1 ♀); Jujuy, Cochinoca, 3700 m, 26. ii. 1992, sweep small stream, llama dung, debris, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂ *, 2 ♀ *); Jujuy, Tres Cruces lakeside, 3700 m, 26. ii. 1992, sweep, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Jujuy, Abra Pampa, 3500 m, 26. ii. 1992, llama dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Salta, Rosario de Lerma, INESALT, 17 – 28. ii. 1992, yard pan tps., S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Salta, El Rey Nat. Pk., 900 m, Aguas Negras Tr., 11 – 15. xii. 1987, for. malaise tp., FIT, S. & J. Peck (4 ♂ *, 10 ♀ ***); Salta, El Rey Nat. Pk., 900 m, Rio La Sala, 5 – 10. xii. 1987, malaise tp., FIT, open stream side in for., S. & J. Peck (9 ♂ ***, 4 ♀ *); Salta, El Rey Nat. Pk., 1000 m, Pozo Verde trail km. 7, 5 – 15. xii. 1987, malaise FIT, Yungas for., S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, 1 ♀). Other material examined. ARGENTINA: Salta, Cañada la Gotera, 19. ii. 1992, sweep / wet litter, S. A. Marshall (4 ♂, 1 ♀); Salta, 22 km. N of La Caldera, 1550 m, El Ucumar, 2 – 30. xii. 1987, malaise, subtropical humid for., S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Salta, 1500 m, La Caldera, Camino la Cornisa, 27. ii. 1992, roadside for. sweeps, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂); Salta, Rosario de Lerma, INESALT, 16 – 28. ii. 1992, yard malaise, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂ *, 53 ♀ *); Salta, Rosario de Lerma, 24. ii. 1992, garbage / mud / creek, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀). BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Campo Guairuy, 24 km. S Camiri, 870 m, 18. viii – 2. ix. 2000, malaise tp., Irwin & Hauser; (16 ♂: debu 00143452, 00143432, 00144411, 00144214 *, 00142900, 00143117, 00143087, 00143040, 00146755, 00146667, 00146542, 00143151, 00144325, 00143725, 00143706, 00144381; 37 ♀: 00143656, 00144231, 00143732, 00144559, 00144550, 00144238, 00144569, 00143418, 00144563, 00144390, 00144122, 00144187, 00144192, 00143011, 00142838, 00142887, 00143090, 00143488, 00143429, 00143420, 00143411, 00143518, 00143347 *, 00144040, 00143670, 00146604, 00146597, 00146543, 00143113, 00146634, 00146838, 00146700, 00147004, 00147166, 00147223, 00142775, 00142767). BRAZIL: Paraná, Curitiba, ponds near zoo, 7. ii. 1990, sweep, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂ **).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE8FFD4E4D8FDC9AEB46084.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Neotropical: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE8FFD4E4D8FDC9AEB46084.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name means “ two-forked ” and references the forked tip of the right postgonite.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE8FFD4E4D8FDC9AEB46084.taxon	discussion	Comments. Coproica bifurcata can be distinguished from its closest relative, C. hirtuloidea, by its slightly bifurcate and apically broad right postgonite (Fig. 45; narrow and sinuate apically in C. hirtuloidea: Fig. 170) in males and by the produced anterior margin of the female sternite 8 (Fig. 51). The postgonites and female sternite 8 are typically visible externally in well preserved or critical point dried specimens, nevertheless, dissections will often be required for the accurate identification of specimens from Bolivia and northern Argentina where the ranges of C. hirtuloidea and C. bifurcata overlap. Examination of the distiphallus will always provide a clear unambiguous determination. See also comments under C. hirtuloidea.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE9FFD3E4D8FC57AF6464D9.taxon	description	Figs. 53 – 64 Description. Body length 1.1 – 1.5 mm. Body colour light brown to brown. Face light brown, frons brown. Interfrontal bristles in 3 pairs; postocellar bristles convergent, postocellar setulae absent. Eye to gena ratio approximately 2: 1; 3 genal setae in longitudinal row posterior to vibrissa with anterior seta twice as long as posterior setae. Scutellum with 10 – 12 discal scutellar setae arranged in 2 rows between basal 1 / 4 and basal 1 / 2, setae in posterior row approximately 1.5 times as long as anterior row; 2 lateral bristles between larger anterior and posterior marginal scutellar bristles. Katepisternum with 2 small, subequal dorsal bristles, each approximately 1 / 4 the distance between katepisternum and wing base in length. Legs and fore coxa brown. Mid tibia with 1 proximal posterodorsal bristle at 2 / 5. Mid basitarsus with row of stout anterior bristles extending from basal 2 / 5 to apex, stout anteroventral basal bristle present, otherwise specific arrangement of bristles on ventral surface of mid basitarsus may vary between individuals, typically as in figure 10: with stout anteroventral bristles at 2 / 5 and 2 / 3 with a posterodorsal half-way between these two. Second costal sector 0.9 – 1.2 times as long as third costal sector. Costal bypass long, extending 7 or more vein widths beyond R 4 + 5. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 rounded, discal bristles uniform in size. Sternite 6 straight medially. Epandrium with enlarged pair of dorsolateral bristles; subanal plate incomplete; ventral margin of cerci unmodified, rounded, with 1 enlarged bristle. Surstylus with blunt, short posterior process with several short bristles at apex, ventral margin lined with small setae. Postgonites slightly asymmetrical, straight, narrow, with rounded spoon-like apex, right postgonite with small apical notch. Basiphallus gently curved, tubular, posterior margin open; epiphallus with very short keel. Lateral sclerites of distiphallus rounded, 2 short dorsal processes near apex; central sclerite fused with lateral sclerites apically. Apical membranes broad. Female terminalia: Tergite 8 reduced to 2 lateral sclerites with medial connecting membrane. Tergite 10 pollinose, broadly fused to cerci; cerci pollinose, apical setae short and sinuate. Sternite 7 broad with wide posterior emargination. Sternite 8 with narrow anterior process, 2 lateral patches of 3 small setae, row of 4 posterior setae separated medially into 2 pairs. Sternite 10 wrapped around tip of abdomen with one enlarged pair of medial bristles. Spermathecae conical; duct length 3 – 4 times as long as spermathecal bulb, short sclerotized portion of duct adjacent to spermathecal bulb, with small constriction at its base.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE9FFD3E4D8FC57AF6464D9.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: ECUADOR: Galapagos, Floreana, Agriculture zone, 360 m, 22. ii. 1989, sweeping, B. J. Sinclair (CNCI). Paratypes: BARBADOS: Welchman Hall, Gully ii. 1979, dung tp., leg, S. Peck (2 ♀). BRAZIL: Minas Gerais, Congonhas Serra, 22. ii. 1990, sweep along creek, horse dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀, MZSP). COSTA RICA: San José, Zurquí de Moravia, 1600 m, v. 1991, P. Hanson (1 ♀, INBC). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Alcoa Rd., 600 m, 17 – 20. i. 1989, FIT, carrion, S. A. Marshall & J. Swann (1 ♂); Barahona, 7 km. NW of Paraiso, 200 m, rainforest remnant, 27. xi. 1991, fungus on logs, 91 – 338, S & J Peck (2 ♂, 2 ♀); Pedernales, 28 km. N of Cabo Rojo, 760 m, evergreen dry for., 29. xi – 3. xii. 1981, FIT, 91 – 349, Masner & Peck (3 ♀, 4 ♂); same as previous except carrion tp., 91 – 348 (3 ♂, 7 ♀); carrion tp., 91 – 343, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Pedernales, Las Abejas, 38 km NNW of Cabo Rojo, (18 – 09 N, 71 – 38 W), 1250 m, 15. vii. 1987 J. E. Rawlins & R. E. Davidson (1 ♂, CMNH); near Cabo Rojo, Alcoa Rd., km. 26, 17 – 20. i. 1989, FIT, S. A. Marshall & J. E. Swann, (1 ♀). ECUADOR: Galapagos: Same as holotype (13 ♂ *, 18 ♀, CNCI); Isabela, 7 km. WNW of St. Tomas, near Campamento Pumas, 640 m, 8. vii. 1985, sifted horse dung, 83 – 212, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, QCAZ); San Cristobal, Casetta, pasture, 560 m, 19. ii. 1989, horse dung, B. J. Sinclair (1 ♂, CNCI); San Cristobal, Casetta, 560 m, pampa, 16 – 19. ii. 1989, dung tp., B. J. Sinclair (30 ♂, 20 ♀, CNCI); St. Cruz CDRS, arid zone, 31. i – 9. ii. 1989, tortoise dung tp., B. J. Sinclair (6 ♂, 3 ♀, CNCI); St. Cruz, 2 km. N of Bellavista, 360 m, 2. vii. 1985, guava thicket, agricultural area, FIT, S. & J. Peck (8 ♂ - BOLDx 2, 13 ♀, QCAZ); same as previous except dated 14. v – 13. vii. 1986 (5 ♂, 4 ♀, QCAZ); St. Cruz, 25 km. N of Bellavista, 360 m, 13. vii. 1985, guava thicket agricultural area, malaise, FIT, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ * – ill., 2 ♀ * – ill., QCAZ); St. Cruz, 4 km. N of Bellavista, Media Luna, 620 m, 14. v. – 13. vii. 1985, 85 – 158, S & J Peck (3 ♀, QCAZ); same as previous except Miconia zone, FIT (1 ♂, 2 ♀, QCAZ); Miconia zone, FIT (2. vii) (3 ♂, 7 ♀ ** - BOLDx 1, QCAZ); St. Cruz, 4 km. N of Bellavista, Media Luna, 620 m, 21 – 31. v. 1985, Miconia zone, dung tps., S. & J. Peck (11 ♂, 6 ♀, QCAZ); St. Cruz, agricultural zone, Bellavista, 160 m, 1 – 9. iv. 1989, field, FIT, 89 – 205, Peck & Sinclair (1 ♂, 5 ♀, CNCI); St. Cruz, agricultural zone, 1 – 9. iv. 1989, malaise, 89 – 204, Peck & Sinclair (1 ♀, CNCI); St. Cruz, Los Gemelos, 600 m, 31. i – 4. ii. 1989, for. dung tp., B. J. Sinclair (1 ♂, CNCI); same as previous except add Scalesia, BS 43 (2 ♀, CNCI); St. Cruz, Los Gemelos, 31 km. N of Stn. Ros., 570 m, 15. vii. 1985, Scalesia for., FIT & malaise, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀, QCAZ); same as previous except 23. vi. 1985, 85 – 188 b (2 ♀, QCAZ); St. Cruz, Media Luna, 500 m, Miconia, 1 – 29. ii. 1989, FIT-trough, 89 – 39, Peck & Sinclair (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNCI). HONDURAS: Dpto. F. Morazán, El Zamorano, 22 – 29. vii. 1970, blacklight tp., G. F. Freytag (1 ♀, debu 00020364); Zamorano, 30. v. 1994, H. & A. Howden (1 ♂). JAMAICA: Blue Mt., Whitfield Hall, 4300 ’, 10. ix. 1988, dung, T. A. Wheeler (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Montego Bay, 18. i. 1985, ex. horse manure, J. E. Corrigan; (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀); St. Ann, Discovery Bay, 3 – 6. ix. 1974, dung, S. Peck (1 ♂, 1 ♀); St. Catherine, 28. vii – 1. viii. 1974, dung under trees in horse pasture, Peck (3 ♂, 1 ♀). MEXICO: Chiapas, 11 mi. E of Trinitaria, 5200 ’, km. 18, 5. viii. 1971, tropical deciduous for., human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂); Chiapas, 2 mi. S of Trinitaria, 5100 ’, 21 – 24. viii. 1971, oak-tropical deciduous, human dung, Newton (1 ♂, 6 ♀); Chiapas, Lagunas de Montebello Parque Nacional, La Encantada, 4900 ’, 21 – 24. viii. 1971, oak / pine / liquid amber, human dung, A. Newton (2 ♂, 6 ♀); Quintana Roo, 45 km. NE of Ixtapa, 10 – 12. vii. 1987, B. Gill (1 ♂, 2 ♀); Tabasco, 46 mi. SE of Villahermosa, km. 74, 150 ’, 8 – 15. viii. 1971, 2 ° vegitation, rain for., human dung, A. Newton (3 ♀). ST. KITTS & NEVIS: Basseterre, 1 – 30. xi. 1985, FIT, long grass, B. J. Backland (1 ♀); Nevis, Dasents Estate, 220 m, 28. viii – 21. ix. 1985, malaise, citrus orchard, L. Coote (6 ♂, 6 ♀); Wingfield Mt., 400 m, 1 – 30. xi. 1985, old field / for., L. D. Coote (1 ♂). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: AZ: Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts., 6 mi. ESE of Portal, 4150 ’, ix. 1970, desert grass, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂); Santa Cruz Co., 8 mi. NNW of Nogales, Walker Canyon, 3900 ’, ix. 70, dung, oak woodland, A. Newton (1 ♂). CO: Roatte Co., 5 mi. NE of Clark Hinman cpgd., 7600 ’, 23 – 25. vi. 1972, dung tp. (16 ♀). TX: Cameron Co., Laguna Atascosa Nat. Wildlife Refuge, vii. 1972, thorn for., dung, A. Newton (3 ♂); Hidalgo Co., Bentsen-Rio Grande Valley St. Pk., 21 – 25. v. 1971, willow-thorn for. near riv., dung, Newton (1 ♂). VENEZUELA: Mérida, 1989, FIT, S. Peck (2 ♂: debu 00152535, 00152570, IZAV).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE9FFD3E4D8FC57AF6464D9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Nearctic: USA (AZ, CO, TX); Neotropical: Barbados, Brazil, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Galapagos Is. (Ecuador), Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico (CHI, ROO, TAB), St. Kitts, Venezuela.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE9FFD3E4D8FC57AF6464D9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name bispatha means “ two spoons ” and refers to the postgonites, which have a rounded spoon-like apex and are mostly symmetrical, unlike C. urbana and C. brachystyla.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE9FFD3E4D8FC57AF6464D9.taxon	discussion	Comments. Coproica bispatha is nearly identical to C. urbana with the exception of the spoon-like postgonites (Figs. 56, 57), and the absence of a faint sclerite anterior to female sternite 10 (Fig. 62). The postgonites are large and typically exposed in both species, so dissections are rarely necessary to distinguish males from other species of Coproica. The faint sclerite used to distinguish females of C. bispatha from those of C. urbana is rarely visible without dissection.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEFFFD0E4D8FF14AEBC63D1.taxon	description	Figs. 22, 65 – 76 Description. As in Coproica bispatha with the following exceptions. Body colour brown. Three genal setae in longitudinal row posterior to vibrissa with anterior seta approximately 1.5 times as long as posterior setae. Scutellum with 10 – 12 setae arranged in 2 rows between basal 1 / 4 and basal 1 / 2, all subequal in length. Katepisternum with 2 small, subequal dorsal bristles, each approximately 1 / 5 as long as the distance between dorsal margin of katepisternum and wing base in length. Fore coxa brown, legs light brown. Mid tibia with a small proximal posterodorsal bristle at 2 / 5. Mid basitarsus with row of 5 – 7 stout anterior bristles extending from 1 / 3 to apex, strong sub-basal anteroventral bristle, stout anteroventral bristle at 1 / 2, and small posteroventral bristles at 1 / 3 and 2 / 3, additional setae often present on ventral surface, variable, typically as in figure 10. Second costal sector 0.8 – 1.3 times as long as third costal sector. Male terminalia: Surstylus with short, blunt posterior process. Postgonites asymmetrical, straight, left postgonite with rounded, spoon-like apex, right postgonite shorter, with pointed apex. Basiphallus L-shaped in lateral view; epiphallus unmodified. Lateral sclerites of distiphallus with elongate, narrow process on distal ventral angle. Central sclerite with distal series of 3 small blunt processes, fused with lateral sclerites just before apex. Female terminalia: Tergite 10 glabrous, fused to cerci. Cerci glabrous on anterior half, pruinose on posterior half, apical and subapical setae modified into spines. Sternite 7 rounded rectangular, posterior margin with deep medial emargination. Sternite 8 oval, with broad anterior process, and anterior and posterior, medially divided, rows of small setae. Sternite 10 without pair of enlarged medial bristles. Spermathecae spherical, with conical base; duct length 2 – 3 times as long as spermathecal bulb, without sclerotization at base of bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEFFFD0E4D8FF14AEBC63D1.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: COSTA RICA: San José, San Carlos, Riosparaiso Reserve, Pecari Stn., 16 km. NNE Quepos, 9 ° 33 ’ 53 ” N, 84 ° 7 ’ 32 ” W, 400 m, 22 – 27. ii. 2006, S. A. Marshall (debu 00259735, INBC). Paratypes: ARGENTINA: Salta, 30 km. E of Salta Campo Quijano, 18 – 20. ii. 1992, dung tp. in for. remnant, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂); Salta Prov., El Rey Nat. Pk., 900 m, Rio La Sala, 5 – 10. xii. 1987, FIT, malaise tp., open stream side in for., S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Salta, El Rey Nat. Pk., 1000 m, Pozo Verde Tr. km. 7, 5 – 15. xii. 1987, malaise-FIT, yungas for., S. & J. Peck (2 ♂, 1 ♀); Salta, Rosario de Lerma, INESALT yard, 16 – 28. ii. 1992, malaise tp., S. A. Marshall (2 ♂). BARBADOS: Weichman Hall Gully, 250 m, 20 – 25. ii. 1979, carrion, moist woods, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂). BELIZE: Mt. Pine Ridge, Hidden Valley inst., 2500 ’, 10 – 15. i. 1991, dung tps., grass / pine, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, 1 ♀); BOLIVIA: La Paz, Chulumani, Apa Apa Reserve, 2000 m, 16 ° 21 ’ 15 S, 67 ° 30 ’ 21 W, 1. iv. 2001, sweep, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂: debu 00208859, CBFC); Santa Cruz, Campo Guairuy, 24 km. S of Camiri, 870 m, 18. viii – 2. ix. 2000, malaise tp., Irwin & Hauser (3 ♂: debu 00144466, 00144586, 00144735; 1 ♀: 00144123, UASC); Santa Cruz, Poterillo de Guerda, 17 ° 40.49 ’ S, 63 ° 27.36 W, 4 – 7. iv. 1998, H. & A. Howden (1 ♀, UASC); Santa Cruz, Quebrada Isiri, 20 km. S of Camiri, 865 m, 18. viii – 2. ix. 2000, malaise, Irwin & Hauser (2 ♀: debu 00147621, 00147836, UASC). BRAZIL: Bahia, 15 km. NE of Porto Seguro (Ecological Reserva “ Pau-Brasil ”), 1 ’ Atlantic For., 19 – 27. ii. 1986, Shannon tp., Daltoas & Vera Cristina S. Amaorim (2 ♂, MZSP); Minas Gerais, Instituto Estadual De Florestes Parque Florestes Do Ibitipoca, 1700 m, 12. ii. 1990, swept near fresh dung, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂, MZSP); Parana, near Londrina, Mata Dos Godoy, 28 – 31. i. 1990, malaise (dry head), S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, MZSP); Mato Grosso, Poconé, Centro (14: 25 hs), 16. v. 1990, BPF Group collection (1 ♂, 1 ♀, MZSP); Rio de Janeiro, Teresopolis Pedra do Sino, ~ 2000 m, 14. iii. 1990, human dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀, MZSP). BRITISH HONDURAS: Belmopan, 26 – 30. vii. 1972, palm for. carrion, S. Peck (1 ♀). COSTA RICA: Same as holotype (25 ♂: debu 00259713, 00259715, 00259732, 00259750, 00259725, 00259743, 00259711, 00259704, 00259734, 00259640, 00259739, 00259747, 00259722, 00259731, 00259748, 00259745, 00259749, 00259716, 00259708, 00259714, 00259701, 00259755, 00259756, 00259738, 00259702; 33 ♀: 00259683, 00259672, 00259740, 00259724, 00259707, 00259699, 00259698, 00259679, 00259635, 00259754, 00259726, 00259710, 00259727, 00259728, 00259730, 00259746, 00259758, 00259712, 00259678, 00259729, 00259717, 00259733, 00259718, 00259703, 00259720, 00259736, 00259751, 00259721, 00259705, 00259753, 00259757, 00259706, 00259737, INBC); same as holoype except 13 – 15. iv. 2006, pans in slash near springs (3 ♂: debu 00259938, 00259918, 00258890; 2 ♀: 00258534, 00258851, INBC); Florencia For., 28. ii. 1980, dung tp .., H. Howden (2 ♀, INBC); Heredia, La Selva Bio. Stn., 3 km. S of Puerto Viejo, 80 m, 10 ° 26 ’ N, 84 ° 1 ’ W, 26. vi – 27. vii. 2001, FIT, S. Chatzimanolis (1 ♂: debu 00228869 – w, INBC); Heredia, La Selva, 9. v. 1989, black light tp., B. V. Brown (2 ♀, INBC); Heredia, Puerto Viejo, La Selva Biological Station, 7. v. 1989, black light, B. V. Brown (1 ♂, INBC); Heredia, Rara Avis, El Plastico 1 st For. Mar. house, 580 m, 19 – 20. v. 1987, human dung, Norrbom (1 ♂, INBC); Limón, Siquerres, Pacuarito, Las Brisas, Estación Rio Dantas, 22 – 25. viii. 1996, malaise tp., Gustafsson et al., (1 ♀: debu 00117245, INBC); Puntarenas, 5 km. W of Rincón Punta El., 15 m, 6 – iii – 1968, iguana carrion, 0 – 6 - I- 124, Iguana, Barney & Cornaby (1 ♂, INBC); Puntarenas, R. F., Golfo Dulce, 24 km W Piedras Blancas, 200 m, xii. 1990, P. Honson (1 ♂, 2 ♀, INBC); Puntarenas, Osa Penninsula, Rincón, 2.5 km. S ~ 50 m, 8 ° 42 ’ 1 N, 83 ° 30 ’ 50 W, 11. viii. 2001, 2 ˚ for., dung pans, M. Buck (1 ♀: debu 00188278, INBC); San José, Zurqui de Moravia, 1600 m, v. 1981, P. Hanson (1 ♂: debu 00100587, INBC). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Monte Cristi, 3 km. N of Villa Elisa, 1 – 3. x. 1985, dung, R. E. Woodruff (1 ♀); Pedernales, 30 km. N of Cabo Rojo, 18 – 07 N, 71 – 39 W, 1070 m, 23 – 24. vii. 1990, C. Young, J. E. Rawlins, & S. Thompson (1 ♀); ECUADOR: Napo, Jatun Sacha Reserve, 6 km. E of Misahualli, 450 m, 1 ° 4 ’ S, 77 ° 37 ’ W, 2 – 7. v. 2002, várzea, dung pans, M. Buck (1 ♂: debu 00196107, QCAZ); Napo, Yasuni Nat. Pk., 3 – 20. xi. 1998, for. malaise tp., Pape & Viklund (1 ♂: debu 00116953, QCAZ). GUATEMALA: Peten, Tikal, 28 – 30. vii. 1978, dung tp., Heleva & Kukal (1 ♀). HONDURAS: Lago de Yajoa, 2600 ’, 1 – 2. vi. 1994, dung tp., Howden? (3 ♂ ** – ill. x 1, 4 ♀ * – ill.). MEXICO: Campeche, 53 mi. E of Escarcega, 500 ’, 8 – 14. viii. 1971, tropical semi-evergreen., dung, A. Newton (1 ♀); same as previous except 87 mi. E of Escarcega, 800 ’, human dung (1 ♀); Chiapas, 5 mi. S of Bochil, 5000 ’, 18 – 24. viii. 1971, oak, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂); Chiapas, 11 mi. E of Trinitaria, 5200 ’, km. 18, 5. viii. 1971, tropical deciduous for., human dung, A. Newton (2 ♂); Chiapas, Lagunas de Montebello Parque Nacional, Aqua Tinta, 4900 ’, 21 – 24. viii. 1971, oak-pine, human dung, A. Newton (2 ♀); Chiapas, Lagunas de Montebello Parque Nacional, La Encantada, 4900 ’, 21 – 24. viii. 1971, oak / pine / liquid amber, human dung, A. Newton (3 ♀); Chiapas, Ocosingo Rd. 76 km. S of Palenque, Rt. 195, 760 m, 5 – 29. vii. 1983, rainfor. window tp., S. & J. Peck & R. Anderson (1 ♀); Coahuila Boquillas, 24 – 26. ix. 1979, pig dung tp., R. E. Woodruff & G. Fincher (1 ♂) Quintana Roo, 160 m, Kohunlich, 68 km. W of Chetumal, 14 – 17. vii 1982, tropical seasonal for., FIT, S. & J. Peck (2 ♂); Tabasco, 46 mi. SE of Villahermosa, km. 74, 150 ’, 8 – 15. viii. 1971, 2 ° veg., rainforest, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♀, 1 ♂). PANAMA: Colon, 270 m, 10 mi. SE Colon Santa Rita Ridge, 10 – 12. vi. 1977, dung, S. Peck (1 ♂). PARAGUAY: Cazaapá, Hermosa, San Rafael Reserve, prop. Lopez family, 26 ° 19 ’ 15 ” S, 55 ° 44 ’ 55 ” W, 90 m, 3 – 6. xii. 2000, FIT, Z. H. Falin (1 ♀: debu 00277020 * – ill.); same as previous except 26 ° 18 ’ 29 ” S, 55 ° 45 ’ 3 ” W, 80 m, 1 – 3. xii. 2000 (1 ♀: debu 00276666). PUERTO RICO: Toroliegre K. F., Rd. 143 2.5, 3 – 4. vii. 1977, human dung tp., J. Micheli, R. E. Woodruff (1 ♂, 1 ♀); ST. KITTS & NEVIS: Bakers Ghot, 360 m, 2 – 16. xi. 1985, malaise, rainforest, L. D. Coote (1 ♀); Bayford Dairy, 300 m, 1 – 15. xii. 1985, malaise, old field / for., L. D. Coote (1 ♂); Bayford Dairy, 300 m, 15 – 31. xii. 1986, old field, malaise, L. D. Coote (4 ♂ - BOLDx 1, 4 ♀ - BOLDx 1); Nevis, Dasents Estate, 220 m, 28. viii – 21. ix. 1985, malaise, citrus orchard, L. Coote (8 ♀, 9 ♂); Wingfield Mt., 400 m, 1 – 30. xi. 1985, old field / for., L. D. Coote (1 ♀). ST. MARTIN: Paradise Peak, 9. ii. 1978, dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); same as previous except dung tps. (2 ♂, 4 ♀). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: FL: Collier Co., Okeechobee, iv. 1971, dung, pine, sabal, A. Newton (1 ♂); Dade Co., Chekika St. Rec. Area, 50 km. SW of Miami, 3. iii. – 28. iv. 1985, Grossman Hammock For. malaiseFIT, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂). SC: Georgetown Co., Hobcaw Barony, Belle Baruch Marine Field Lab, Crabhaul Rd. near Picnic Rd., 29 – 30. iv, 2004, on dung, Cheung & Macleod (1 ♂: debu 00242235; 1 ♀: 00242213). TX: Uvalde Co., 10 mi. W of Uvalde Nueces Riv., Rt. 90, 22 – 27. ix. 1979, pig dung tp., Woodruff & Fincher (1 ♂). UT: Summit Co., Henrys Fork cpgd., 9600 ’, 1 – 10. viii. 1979, pine-aspen at stream, willows, carrion malaise, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂). VENEZUELA: Bolivar, Quebrada de Jaspe, 19 – 20. vii. 1986, B. Gill (1 ♂, IZAV); Bolivar, 87 – 74, 36 km. SW of Porto Orda 2, 13. vii – 2. viii. 1987, malaise, FIT woodland on sand, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, 1 ♀, IZAV); Trujillo, Guaramacal Nat. Pk., 2000 – 3000 m, 26. viii – 1. ix. 1992, car net, L. Masner (1 ♀: debu 00152967, IZAV); Trujillo, Guaramacal Nat. Pk., 14 km. NE of Bocono, 2000 m, 25. viii. – 1. ix. 1992, L. Masner (1 ♂: debu 00152158, IZAV). Other material examined. UNITED STATES OF AERICA: FL: Highlands Co., Flamingo Villas Pres., 27 ° 27 ' 5 " N, 81 ° 23 ' 7 " W, 20. x. 2010, site 9, flight trap, Deyrup et al. (1 ♂: debu 00363542).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEFFFD0E4D8FF14AEBC63D1.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Nearctic: USA (FL, SC, TX, UT [data suspect]); Neotropical: Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (CAM, CHI, COA, ROO, TAB), Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts, St. Martin, Venezuela.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEFFFD0E4D8FF14AEBC63D1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name brachystyla means “ short stylus ” referring to the very short pointed posterior process on the surstylus.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEFFFD0E4D8FF14AEBC63D1.taxon	discussion	Comments. Coproica brachystyla is common throughout Central America, South America and the extreme southern United States. Its northernmost record from northern Utah is unusual in that it's also collected from a high elevation (9600 ft.). Though there is a possibility that the specimen has been mislabelled it may also be a valid outlier. We, therefore, note the record as unusual and let it stand as it is. Coproica brachystyla is easily distinguished from other species of Coproica by the short, relatively dull male surstylus (Fig. 66) and the spinose and glabrous female cerci (Fig. 72).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEDFFD0E4D8FEA4AF7E658B.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.1 mm. Body colour brown. Face and frons brown. Interfrontals in 3 strong, erect pairs, 2 nd pair stronger than others; postocellar bristles slightly convergent, small postocellar setulae absent. Eye small, eye to gena ratio approximately 1.4: 1; gena with longitudinal row of 3 small setae posterior to vibrissa. Scutellum with approximately 12 setae arranged in 2 rows between basal 1 / 4 and basal 1 / 2; 1 lateral scutellar bristle between larger anterior and posterior marginal scutellar bristles. Katepisternum with 2 small, subequal dorsal bristles, each approximately 1 / 8 as long as the distance between dorsal margin of katepisternum and wing base. Legs and fore coxae light brown. Mid tibia with proximal posterodorsal bristle at 2 / 5. Mid basitarsus with row of 6 anterior bristles extending from 3 / 4 to apex, 1 posteroventral basal bristle, 2 anterior bristles at 3 / 5, and 1 posteroventral bristle between 2 anteroventral bristles. Second costal sector 1.0 – 1.1 times as long as third costal sector. Costal bypass long, extending 7 or more vein widths beyond R 4 + 5.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEDFFD0E4D8FEA4AF7E658B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: AZ: Maricopa Co., 2.2 mi. NE Morristown, 10. ii. 1958, em. 6. iii – 7. v. 1958 (USNM, not examined). Paratypes (all individuals listed here were examined): UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: AZ: Pinal Co., 33 mi E of Gila Bend, 11. ii. 1958, Reared: ADM 15 11. iii. 1958, R. E. Ryckman & E. T. Ryckman, Paratype No. 65054 USNM (1 (sex unknown) * – w, 2 ♂, 2 ♀, USNM) same as previous except 31. iii. 1958 (2 ♀, USNM); ADM 16 25. iv. 1958 (1 ♂, USNM); Maricopa Co., 4.7 mi. NE of Morristown, 10. ii. 1958, reared: ADM 13 22. iv. 1958 (2 ♂, USNM); same as previous except ADM 12 14. iv. 1958 (1 ♂, 4 ♀, USNM); ADM 12 7. v. 1958 (1 ♂, 3 ♀, USNM); ADM 13 28. iii. 1958 (3 ♀, USNM); ADM 12 10. iii. 1958 (1 ♂, USNM); ADM 12 31. iii. 1958 (1 ♂, USNM); ADM 12 22. iv. 1958 (1 ♂, USNM); ADM 13 9. iv. 1958 (1 ♀, USNM); ADM 13 15. iv. 1958 (1 ♀, USNM). CA: Los Angeles Co., San Dimas Can., 2. ii. 1958, reared 14. iv. 1958 (2 ♀, USNM); same as previous except reared 17. iv. 1958 (2 ♂, 2 ♀, USNM); reared 6. v. 1958 (1 ♀, USNM). Other material examined. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: AZ: Tucson, 10. vi. 1959, barrel cactus rot, M. Adachi; (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀). Pima Co., Tuscon, Saguaro Nat. Mon., coll. 20. viii. 1960, reared 6. x. 1960, F. J. Santana (3 ♂, 2 ♀, USNM).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEDFFD0E4D8FEA4AF7E658B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Nearctic: USA (AZ, CA); Neotropical: Mexico (BCN).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEDFFD0E4D8FEA4AF7E658B.taxon	discussion	Comments. Coproica cacti is only known from specimens reared from broken or decaying cacti. Whether or not C. cacti has a preference for a particular species of cactus is unknown, although label data state that they have been reared from barrel cactus (genus Echincactus or Ferocactus). Although very similar to C. urbana, the species is easily distinguished from other species of Coproica by the presence of small eyes, a thickened central interfrontal bristle, and its very specific microhabitat. We have no doubt that the reared specimens examined are conspecific with the type. Male and female genitalia have not been illustrated or included in the redescription of Coproica cacti because the specimens available to us were either already missing abdomens (previously cleared and disintegrated) or were considered too valuable to risk dissection.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEDFFDDE4D8F961ACF36033.taxon	description	Figs. 3, 10, 89 – 100 Description. Body length 1.1 – 1.3 mm. Body brown. Face and frons dark brown. Interfrontal bristles in 3 subequal pairs, postocellar bristles slightly convergent, postocellar setulae absent. Eye to gena ratio approximately 2.0. Longitudinal row of three genal setae posterior to vibrissa, anterior seta twice as long as posterior 2. Scutal setae stout, thickened. Scutellum with approximately 14 discal setae arranged in 2 rows between basal 1 / 3 and basal 1 / 2; 1 lateral seta between larger anterior and posterior marginal scutellar bristles. Katepisternum with 2 small, subequal dorsal bristles, each approximately 1 / 7 as long as the distance between dorsal margin of katepisternum to wing base. Fore coxa and legs brown to light brown. Mid tibia with proximal posterodorsal bristle at 2 / 5. Mid basitarsus with a row of 4 – 5 anterior bristles along extending from 2 / 3 to apex, 1 ventral basal bristle, 1 posteroventral bristle at 1 / 2, and anteroventral bristles at 2 / 5 and 3 / 5. Second costal sector 0.6 – 1.0 times as long as third costal sector. Costal bypass long, extending 7 or more vein widths beyond R 4 + 5. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 rounded, with short paired processes along posterior margin with lightly sclerotized surfaces laterally, a small posteromedial patch of microtrichia, and all discal bristles uniform in size. Sternite 6 with convex posteromedial margin. Epandrium with enlarged pair of dorsolateral bristles; subanal plate incomplete; ventral margin of cercus with short, rounded medial lobe, and a small subapical pointed process. Surstylus with rounded posteroventral lobe and several bristles along posterior margin. Postgonites asymmetrical, straight, left postgonite broad, with pointed apex, right postgonite narrow on distal half, with hook at apex. Basiphallus straight, with sharp posterodorsal curve, open posteriorly; epiphallus unmodified. Lateral sclerites on distiphallus with expanded, membranous posterodorsal corner, small, pointed dorsal processes near apex, and apical margin deflected medially with subtle ribbing. Central sclerite fused apically with lateral sclerites. Apical membranes short, broad. Female terminalia: Tergite 8 long laterally, short dorsally. Tergite 10 pollinose, narrowly fused to cerci laterally; cerci elongate, rounded, and pollinose, apical bristles long and sinuate. Sternite 7 broad, rounded, and concave along posterior margin. Sternite 8 with 3 - pronged anterior process, notched posteriorly, and a row of 4 small setae anterior and posterior to an additional small pair of setae. Sternite 10 with pair of enlarged medial setae, posterior margin with blunt point and curved dorsally. Spermathecae slightly conical; duct length 2 – 3 times as long as spermathecal bulb, short sclerotized portion of duct adjacent to spermathecal bulb, with small constriction at its base.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEDFFDDE4D8F961ACF36033.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: NC: Bladen Co., Singletary Lk. St. Pk., 34 35 ' N, 78 27 ' W, pans, 19 - 22 May 2003, Marshall & Paiero, (debu 00227189). Paratypes: BRAZIL: Bahia, 15 km. NE of Porto Seguro (Ecological Reserve “ Pau-Brasil ”), 1 ’ Atlantic For., 19 – 27. ii. 1986, Shannon tp., D. & V. Cristina & S. Amaorim (13 ♂, 11 ♀, MZSP); Paraná, Curitiba, ponds near zoo, 7. ii. 1990, sweep, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, MZSP); Rio de Janeiro, Jacarepaguá, 22. i. 1990, wet litter by stream, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀, MZSP); Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, Mury, 1000 m, 11. ii. 1990, swept off goat dung open wet area, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 2 ♀ *, MZSP). CANADA: ON: Bruce Co., Dorcas Bay Dunes, 2 – 25. viii. 1999, malaise, S. A. Marshall, (1 ♂ *: debu 00081266 *); Bruce Co., Inverhuron Prov. Pk., front dunes, 44 ° 17 ’ 33 ” N, 81 ° 35 ’ 28 ” W, 22. viii. 2003, yellow pans, M. Buck (1 ♂: debu 00236615); Essex Co., Point Pelee Nat. Pk., 25 – 30. vii. 2003, Opuntia field, white pan tp., Cheung & Paiero (2 ♂: debu 00239224, 00239232; 1 ♀: 00239233); Essex Co., Point Pelee Nat. Pk., Visitor Centre, 18. x – 19. xi. 2000, malaise & pans, O. Lonsdale (1 ♂: debu 01006652); Essex Co., Point Pelee Nat. Pk., 17 – 18. vii. 2003, O. Lonsdale (1 ♂: debu 00219480); Fathom Five Nat. Pk., Cove Is. E, 25. vi – 12. vii. 1995, malaise, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Fathom Five Nat. Pk., Flower Pot Is., 23. vi. 26. vii. 1995, Marl bed open area near marl pan tp. # 4, T. Woodcock & S. Marshall (1 ♂ *); Iron Bridge, 5. viii. 1981, fungus, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Kent Co., Rondeau Prov. Pk., South Point Trail, east parking lot, 42 ° 15 ’ 42 N, 81 ° 50 ’ 29 W, 10. vi. 2003, oak savanna, S. A. Marshall (3 ♂: debu 001125352, 0112376, 01125341 - BOLD; 1 ♀: 01125341); Kent Co., Rondeau Prov. Pk., Spicebush Tr., 42 ° 18 ’ 9 N, 81 ° 51 ’ 6 W, 10 Jun 2003, Carolinian for., sweeps, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂: debu 01125201); Kent Co., Rondeau Prov. Pk., E parking lot, 42 ° 15 ’ 42 N, 81 ° 50 ’ 49 W, 9 – 10. viii. 2003, for. clearing, yellow pans, M. Buck (1 ♂: debu 01139474); same as previous except dunes, yellow pans (1 ♀: debu 01140320). COSTA RICA: Heredia, La Selva, 8 – 15. v. 1989, malaise, SOR & SHO, B. Brown & D. Feener (1 ♀, INBC); Heredia, La Selva Biol. Stn., 3 km. S of Puerto Viejo, 80 m, 10 ° 26 ’ N, 84 ° 1 ’ W, 20 – 23. vi. 2001, FIT, S. Chatzimanolis (1 ♀: debu 00228395, INBC); Heredia, 16 km. SSE of La Virgen, 1050 – 1150 m, 10 ° 16 ’ N, 84 ° 5 ’ W, transect, 21. ii – 9. iii. 2001 (1 ♂: debu 00230518, INBC); Puntarenas, Osa Peninsula, Rincón, 2.5 km S, ~ 50 m, 8 ° 42 ’ 1 N, 83 ° 30 ’ 50 W, 10 – 11. viii. 2001, yellow pans in kitchen compost, M. Buck (2 ♂: debu 00200017, 00200042; 4 ♀: 00199985, 00199977, 00200193, 00200028, INBC); Puntarenas, Peñas Blancas, E of Monte Verde Reserve, 10 ° 18 ’ N, 84 ° 49 ’ W, 900 m, 25. v. 1987, on rotten banana pits, A. Norrbom (3 ♂, 3 ♀, INBC); San Jose, San Carlos, Riosparaisos Reserve, Pecari Stn., 16 km. NNE of Quepos, 9 ° 33 ’ 53 ” N, 84 ° 7 ’ 32 ” W, 400 m, 22 – 27 Feb 2006, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂: debu 00259752, INBC); same as previous except 13 – 15. iv. 2006, pans in slash near springs (2 ♀: debu 00258547, 00258509, INBC); 25 – 26. ii. 2006, 1 ° for., pans in litter, (1 ♀: debu 00259821, INBC); 22 – 27. ii. 2006, 1 ’ for. (1 ♀: debu 00258899, INBC). DOMINICA: Clarke Hall, 11 – 20. ii. 1965, W. W. Wirth; Bredin-Archbold Smithsonian Bio. Survey Dominica (5 ♂, 1 ♀, USNM); Clarke Hall, 2. vi. 1966, G. Steyskal; Bredin-Archbold Smithsonian Bio. Surv. Dominica (2 ♂, USNM); St. Paul. Springfield Estate, 2.5 km. ENE of Canefield, 15 – 21 N, 61 – 22 W, 450 m, 11 – 18. vi. 1991, J. E. Rawlins & S. A. Thompson (1 ♂, CMNH). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Barahona, 7 km. NW of Paraiso, 200 m, 27. xi. 1991, rainforest remnant, fungus on logs, 91 – 338, S. & J. Peck; Hato Mayor. Parque Los Haitises, 3 km. W of Cueva de Arena, 19 – 04 N, 69 – 29 W, 20 m, 7 – 9. vii. 1992, mesic lowland for., R. Davidson, J. Rawlins, S. Thompson & C. Young (1 ♀, CMNH); Pedernales, 23.5 km N of Cabo Rojo, 18 – 06 N, 71 – 38 W, 540 m, 19 – 25. vii. 1990, deciduous for., intercept tp., L. Masner, J. Rawlins & C. Young (1 ♂, CMNH); Pedernales, 28 km. N of Cabo Rojo, 760 m, 29. xi – 3. xii. 1991, evergreen dry for., FIT, 91 – 349, Masner & Peck (1 ♂, 1 ♀); same as previous except carrion tp., 91 – 348 (2 ♂, 1 ♀). ECUADOR: Napo, 5 km N of El Chaco, 15. ii. 1983, malaise tp. & wet net, M. J. Sharkey (1 ♂, QCAZ); Pichincha, Nanegalito, 7 km. SE, trout farm ‘ San Jose’, 1500 m, 27 – 30. x. 1999, riverine for., sweep tree falls, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂: debu 00136107, QCAZ); Pichincha, Maquipucuna Bio. Reserve, 1200 m, 0 ° 7 ’ 34 N, 78 ° 37 ’ 57 W, sweep, 27 – 28. iv. 2002, M. Buck (1 ♀: debu 00195249, QCAZ); Pichincha, 47 km. S of Santo Domingo, Rio Palenque Res. Stn., 1. v. 1987, light, B. Brown (1 ♂, QCAZ); GUYANA: Rupununi Dist., 200`, Kurupukari, E side Essequibo, 7 – 11. x. 1990, riv. savannah scrub / 1 * rainfor. edge, malaise, ROM 905049, B. Hubley, L. Coote (1 ♀, ROME); GRENADA: Grand Etang, 6. i. 1995, sweep wet trail, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂). JAMAICA: 4000 ’, Hardwar Gap, 10. vii. 1966, Howden & Becker (1 ♀). MEXICO: Chiapas, Palenque, 28. vii. 1983, rainforest, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀). ST. KITTS & NEVIS: Nevis Dasents Estate, 220 m, 28. viii – 21. ix. 1985, malaise, citrus orchard, L. Coote (1 ♂). ST. LUCIA: Anse La Raye, Anse Galet, 1 km SSW Anse La Raye, 13 – 56 N, 61 – 03 W, 50 m, 21 – 30. vi. 1991, J. E. Rawlins & S. A. Thompson (1 ♂ *, CMNH). ST. VINCENT: Kingstown, St. Andrews Botanical Garden, 1 – 3. x. 1991, M. T. & R. E. Woodruff (1 ♂ *). TRINIDAD: St. George Co., Arima Ward, NY Zool. Soc. Stn., 11. vi. 1977, pig dung tp., R. Woodruff; (1 ♀, UWIC). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: AR: Garland Co., 1.2 mi. N of Crystal Springs, Hwy 270, 6 – 8. iii. 1977, pig dung tp., Woodruff & Wiley (1 ♀); Montgomery Co., 20 mi. W of Glenwood, T 45 R 27 W, 15. vi. – 28. vii. 1994, H. W. Robinson (1 ♂); Scott Co., 7 mi. E Y City, Jct. of Hwy. 270 & Rt. 71 on 270, 6 – 8. iii. 1977, pig dung tp., Woodruff & Wiley (1 ♀). FL: Archbold Bio. Stn., 12 – 16. xii. 1985, dung pan, scrub-sand, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Archbold Bio. Stn., 13 – 18. xii. 1985. rotten fungi, S. A. Marshall; 2 ♀ s, 1 ♂ Archbold Bio. Stn., 14. xii. 1985, vac. under carrion, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀, 1 ♂); Archbold Res. Stn., 15 – 16. iv. 1989, dung vac., K. N. Barber (1 ♂ *); Archbold Bio. Stn., 16. xii. 1985, carrion residue, S. A. Marshall (2 ♀, 1 ♂); Archbold Bio. Stn., 17. iv. 1989, dung vac., S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Archbold Bio. Stn., 17 – 21. xii. 1985, scrub dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Archbold Bio. Stn., 18. xii. 1985, on old carrion site, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂ * – ill, 2 ♀ * – ill); Archbold Bio. Stn., along Lk. Placid, 19. xii. 1985, deciduous vegitation, S. A. Marshall, (2 ♀, 1 ♂); Archbold Bio. Stn., Lk. Placid, xi. 1979, D. Hardwick, (1 ♂); Archbold Bio. Stn. Lk. Annie, 13 – 18. xii. 1985, yellow pan near shoreline, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Archbold Bio. Stn., Lk. Placid, 6. xi. 1985, M. Deyrup (1 ♀); Collier Co., Collier-Seminole St. Pk., iv. 1971, pine, palm, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂ *); Cary St. Pk., 17. iv. 1989, dung, T. A. Wheeler (1 ♀); Highlands Co., Lake Placid, 2 – 3. xi. 1983, pig dung tps., R. E. Woodruff (2 ♀); Highlands Hammock St. Pk., 15 – 21. xii. 1985, cypress swamp dung pan, S. A. Marshall (2 ♀); Monroe Co., Everglades Nat. Pk., Royal Palm Hammock, 1. xi. 1984 – 3. iii. 1985, hammock for. malaise, FIT, S. & J. Peck (2 ♀); Manatee Co., Longbeat Key, 3 – 4. vii. 1983, pig dung tps., R. E. Woodruff (1 ♀); Marion Co., near Zay Prairie, Ocala Nat. For .., 14 – 18. vi. 1984, mushroom tp., palmetto scrub, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Marion Co., Ocala Nat. For., Zay Prairie, 10 – 14. vi. 1984, mushroom tps. by shore, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Marion Co., Ocala Nat. For., Silver Springs Wd, 22. vi. 1984, vac. wild mushrooms, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Marion Co., Sand tr. to Oklawaha Swamp, 10 – 15. vi. 1984, mushroom tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Polk Co., Rt. 27, 7 mi N of I 4, 2 – 3. xi. 1983, pig dung tp., R. E. Woodruff (1 ♀); Sarasota Co., Myakka River St. Pk, 21. v. 1982, pig dung tp., R. E. Woodruff (1 ♂, 3 ♀); St. Lucia Co., 11. vi. 1986; 614 B R. L. Escher (2 ♂ *); Volusia Co., Tomoka St. Pk., 20. vi. 1984. mushroom tp., S. A. Marshall (3 ♂ **). GA: Clinch Co., 8 mi. S of Fargo, US 441, 5 – 25. vi. 1984, dung tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *); Wilkinson Co., Big Sandy Ck., 4 mi. S of Irwington, US 441, 5 – 25. vi. 1984, dung tp., S. A. Marshall (3 ♂ *). IL: Cook Co., Palos Pk., 13. x. 1965, Leg, H. S. Dybas (1 ♀). MS: Pantotoc Co., 32 km. SW of Tupelo, mi. 250, 17. v – 19. viii. 1983, oak for., FIT, Peck (1 ♂). NC: Same as holotype (2 ♂: debu 00227217, 00227174; 2 ♀: 00252179, 00252100, USNM); Same as holotype except malaise (2 ♂ *: debu 00227332, 00227397 *; 4 ♀: 00227380, 00227348, 00227333, 00227395). OH: Morgan Co., Wildcat Hollow, Wayne Nat. For., 14. vii. 1989, wet grass clippings, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂). OK: Latimer Co., 5 mi W of Red Oak, 5 – 11. vi. 1977, dung tp., K. Stephen (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀). TN: Sevier Co., Great Smokey Mts. Nat. Pk., W tributary Of Porter’s Creek 0.8 km. SW of access gate, 18. vii. 1999, J. Cooper (1 ♂: debu 00167109). TX: Angelina Co., Angelina Nat. For., Boykin Cemetery, 13 – 17. vi. 1993, spring fen, dung, S. A. Marshall (4 ♂ *: debu 00128250, 00128268, 00128306, 00128351 *, wing; 1 ♀: 00128267). Angelina St. For., Boykin Cemetery, 13 – 17. vi. 1993, spring fen on dung, S. A. Marshall; San Jacinto Co., Coldspring, Double Lake cpgd., 22. v – 16. viii. 1983, FIT, 83 – 14, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂). VENEZUELA: Amazonas, Rio Mavaca Camp, 65 ˚ 06 ’ W, 2 ˚ 2 ’ N, 150 m, 16 – 27. iii. 1989, Phipps-FUDECI Expedition by Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. D. A. Grimaldi, collection (2 ♂, AMNH). Maracay, 20 km. N of Rancho Grande Bio Stn., La Trilla, 100 m, 26. ii. 1996, riv. sweep, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀, IZAV). Other material examined. CANADA: ON: Kent Co., Rondeau Prov. Pk., South Point Trail, E parking lot, 42 ° 15 ’ 42 N, 81 ° 50 ’ 29 W, 10. vi. 2003, oak savanna, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀: 01125367). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: FL: Highlands Co., Flamingo Villas Pres., 27 ° 27 ' 5 " N, 81 ° 23 ' 7 " W, 5. v. 2010, yellow sand scrub, site 5, flight trap, Deyrup et al. (1 ♂: debu 00363266); Highlands Co., Lake June State Park, 27 ° 18 ' 57 " N, 81 ° 25 ' 25 " W, 14. viii. 2010, Deyrup et al. (1 ♂: debu 00371500).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEDFFDDE4D8F961ACF36033.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Nearctic: Canada (ON), USA (AR, FL, GA, IL, MS, NC, OH, OK, TN, TX); Neotropical: Brazil, Costa Rica, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guyana, Grenada, Jamaica, Mexico (CHI), St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Trinidad, Venezuela.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEDFFDDE4D8F961ACF36033.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name diabolica means “ devil ” and refers to the shape of the female sternite 8, which looks like it has horns anteriorly.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFEDFFDDE4D8F961ACF36033.taxon	discussion	Comments. Coproica diabolica is widely distributed, though generally uncommon, throughout eastern North America, Central America and tropical South America. The modified male cercus (Figs. 90, 91) is unique within the C. urbana species group, and the shape of the female sternite 8 (Fig. 99) easily distinguishes C. diabolica from all other species of Coproica.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE0FFDBE4D8FCFDA8266552.taxon	description	Figs. 112 – 124 Description. As in Coproica bifurcata with the following exceptions. Body length 1.0 – 1.8 mm. Face and frons dark brown. Interfrontals in 4 subequal pairs, with 0 or 1 pairs of small postocellar setulae. Eye to gena ratio approximately 2.5: 1; 2 – 4 genal setae in longitudinal row posterior to vibrissa, anterior seta twice as long as posterior setae. Katepisternum with 2 small, subequal dorsal bristles, each approximately 1 / 8 as long as the distance between dorsal margin of katepisternum and wing base. Mid tibia with small posterodorsal bristle at 2 / 5. Mid basitarsus with row of small anterior bristles extending from 1 / 3 to apex, row of small anteroventral setae extending from base to apex, and row of posteroventral setae extending from 1 / 3 to apex. Second costal sector 0.6 – 1.0 times as long as third costal sector. Anal vein sinuate, lacking an angulate bend. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 with posteromedial patch of dense microtrichia. Subanal plate incomplete, light membrane in its place, cercus with rounded ventral process, process on left cercus longer than on right. Surstyli slightly asymmetrical, with dense short setae along posterior margin, left surstylus with small posteroventral emargination, right surstylus with posteroventral emargination 2 times larger than on left surstylus. Postgonites asymmetrical, broad, left postgonite sinuate and pointed at apex, right postgonite straight, narrow along distal 1 / 5 and pointed at apex. Basiphallus straight, with abrupt posterior angle. Lateral sclerites of distiphallus with sharp, elongate process at posterodorsal angle, distal most of 3 dorsal processes narrow, sharp, deflected medially. Female terminalia: Tergite 8 long laterally and short dorsally. Sternite 7 broad, with 2 faint membranous lobes along posterior margin. Sternite 8 rounded, anterior margin with a pointed process. Sternite 10 with 1 pair of enlarged medial bristles, posterior margin not curved dorsally. Spermathecae elongate; duct approximately 2 times as long as spermathecal bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE0FFDBE4D8FCFDA8266552.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Volcán Tenorio, Bijagua Biol. Stn., 700 m, 20. vi. 2000, cut wet field, pan tps., M. Buck (debu 00132680, INBC). Paratypes: BELIZE: San Ignacio, Maya Mt. Lodge, 7. i. 1991, malaise, S. A. Marshall (3 ♂); tr. to Xunantunich, 18. i. 1991, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *). BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro, Jacara Para Agua, 22. i. 1990, wet litter by stream, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀, MZSP); Mato Grosso, Várzea Grande, Mapim, 15. iii. 1990, (5: 30 PM) BPF Group col. (1 ♂, 1 ♀, MZSP). COSTA RICA: Same as holotype (25 ♂: debu 00132821, 00132820, 00132853, 00132838, 00132861, 00132873, 00132734, 00132686, 00132659, 00132649, 00132609, 00132674, 00125883, 00132652, 00125884, 00132665, 00132864, 00132697, 00132715, 00132822, 00132735, 00125871, 00132608, 00125893, 00132826; 26 ♀: debu 00132716, 00132670, 00132668, 00125869, 00125894, 00132720, 00132626, 00132695, 00132723, 00132865, 00132862, 00125887, 00132690, 00132634, 00132660, 00132823, 00132808, 00132859, 00132848, 00132842, 00132863, 00132824, 00132692, 00132664, 00132630, 00132623, INBC); Alajuela, Volcán Tenorio, Bijagua Biol Stn., 700 m, 16. vi. 2000, M. Buck (84 ♂ *: debu 00130727, 00130565, 00130564, 00130562, 00130559, 00130555, 00130552, 00130548, 00130546, 00130544, 00130543, 00130609, 00130652, 00130728, 00130728, 00130761, 00130765, 00130776, 00130778, 00130664, 00130680, 00130902, 00130796, 00130683, 00130803, 00130684, 00130721, 00130720, 00130901, 00130896, 00130980, 00130970, 00130967, 00130802, 00130797, 00130982, 00130964, 00130936, 00125951, 00126040, 00126082, 00126091, 00126093, 00125952, 00125958, 00125974, 00125983, 00126105, 00126110, 00126114, 00126117, 00126121, 00126122, 00126123, 00126127, 00125926, 00125929, 00125950, 00125932, 00125934, 00130931, 00130974, 00126080, 00126079, 00130333, 00130327, 00130352, 00130414, 00130416, 00130420, 00130428, 00130462, 00130479, 00130480, 00130482, 00130503, 00130506, 00130515, 00130516, 00130524, 00130525, 00130533, 00130538, 00130540, 00130541, 00130920 * – ill; 33 ♀ *: 00125925, 00130829, 00125928, 00130801, 00130962, 00126135, 00126116, 00126056, 00126054, 00126011, 00125990, 00125975, 00125933, 00130726, 00130751, 00130912, 00130795, 00130910, 00130698, 00130677, 00130636, 00130605, 00130598, 00130553, 00130361, 00130311, 00130413, 00130437, 00130447, 00130448, 00130501, 00130308, 00130534, 00130450 * – ill, INBC); Alajuela, Volcán Tenorio, N slope near Bijagua Bio. Stn., 700 m, 7. vi. 2000, rainfor., on tree fungus, M. Buck (1 ♂: debu 00126281, INBC); Alajuela, La Virgen del Socorro, near Carriblanca ca., 700 m, 16. ii. 1989, Grimaldi & DeVries (1 ♂, AMNH); Estacion Santa Rosa, Guanacaste, 300 m, 16. ii. 1996, S. A. Marshall, Borde del Rio. L _ N _ 313000 _ 359800 # 6920 (1 ♀, INBC); Estrella Valley, Pandora, 19. ii. 1984, malaise tp., A. & A. Howden (4 ♀, INBC); Guanacaste, Guanacaste Conservation Area, Pitilla Field. Stn., 29. i. 1996, malaise, J. Noyes (1 ♀, INBC); Guanacaste, Guanacaste Nat. Pk., Pitilla Bio. Stn., 800 m, 11. ii. 1995, by stream, yellow pans, L. Masner (1 ♂: debu 00206088, INBC); Heredia, 16 km. SSE of La Virgen, 1050 – 1150 m, 10 ˚ 16 ’ N, 84 ˚ 5 ’ W, 21. ii – 9. v. 2001, transect (1 ♂: debu 00230616, INBC); Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Pk., 5 – 6. x. 1999, leaf litter, M. Buck, (8 ♂: debu 00103732, 00103752, 00103584, 00103578, 00103582, 00103594, 00103580, 00103747; 8 ♀: debu 00103579, 00103593, 00103572, 00103583, 00103597, 00103577, 00103755, 00103745, INBC); Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Pk., 9 ° 58 ’ 23 N, 84 ° 5 ’ 30 W, 21. viii. 2001, grass clippings, M. Buck (11 ♂: debu 00199778, 00199774, 00199781, 00199729, 00199766, 00199738, 00199767, 00199753, 00199713, 00199734; 23 ♀: 00199770, 00199765, 00199757, 00199772, 00199777, 00199731, 00199763, 00199746, 00199739, 00199762, 00199718, 00199769, 00199758, 00199760, 00199755, 00199779, 00199740, 00199747, 00199754, 00199744, 00199749, 00199728, 00199748, INBC); Heredia, Sto. Domingo, INBio Pk., 9 ˚ 58 ’ 23 N, 84 ˚ 5 ’ 30 W, 18 – 19. viii. 2001, on compost, Buck & Barber (2 ♂: debu 00187508, 00187495; 5 ♀: 00187504, 00187499, 00187443, 00187460, 00187473, INBC); Pt. Viejo La Selva Verde, 3. iii. 1991, FIT & dung tps., S. Peck (1 ♀, INBC); Puntarenas, Peñas Blancas, E of Monteverde Reserve, 10 ° 18 ’ N, 84 ° 49 ’ W, 900 m, 25. v. 1987, on rotten banana pits, A. Norrbom (1 ♀, INBC); San José, San Carlos, Riosparaiso Reserve, Pecari Stn., 16 km. NNE of Quepos, 13 – 15. iv. 2006, S. A. Marshall (8 ♂: debu 00258508, 00258635, 00258626,00258510, 00258548, 00258631, 00258651, 00258706; 1 ♀: debu 00258561, INBC); same as previous except 9 ˚ 33 ’ 53 ” N, 84 ˚ 7 ’ 32 ” W, 400 m, pans in slash near springs (2 ♀: debu 00258630, 00258650, INBC). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: 100 km. N of Santo Domingo, 14. ii. 1978, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Barahona, 7 km. NW of Paraiso, 200 m, 27. xi – 4. xii. 1991, rainforest remnant, FIT, 91 – 341, Masner & Peck (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Cabo Rojo, Alcoa Road km. 26, 17 – 20. i. 1989, FIT, S. A. Marshall & J. E. Swann (6 ♂, 5 ♀); Independencia, Sierra de Neiba, just south of crest, 5 km. NNW of Angel Feliz, 1780 m, 18 – 41 N, 71 – 47 W, 13 – 15. x. 1991, Cloud For., J. Rawlins, R. Davidson, C. Young & S. Thompson (1 ♀, CMNH); Independencia 2 km. NW La Descubierta Sabana Real, 1800 m, 26. xi. 1991, cloud for. trail sweep, 91 – 335, Masner & Peck (1 ♂); La Cienaga, 11 – 13. i. 1989, malaise, S. Marshall & J. Swann (1 ♀); Pedernales, 28 km. N of Cabo Rojo, 760 m, 29. xi – 3. xii. 1991, evergreen dry for., FIT, 91 – 349, Masner & Peck (1 ♀). GRENADA: Mt. Qua Qua, Grand Etang, 3. i. 1995, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Grand Etang Mt. Qua Q. MEXICO: Quintana Roo, Xcaret, 13. i. 1992, J. R. Vockeroth (1 ♀). PUERTO RICO: El Yunque Rec. Area, Los Pirachos lookout, ~ 1000 m, 5. ii. 1989, grass, S. A. Marshall (2 ♀). ST. KITTS & NEVIS: Mt. Misery, 730 m, 4 – 20. xii. 1985, malaise, pond / rain for., L. D. Coote (2 ♀); Bayford Dairy, 300 m, 15 – 31. xii. 1985, malaise, old field, L. D. Coote (1 ♀). ST. VINCENT: Kingstown, St. Andrews Botanical Garden, 1 – 3. x. 1991, M. T. & R. E. Woodruff (8 ♂, 10 ♀). TRINIDAD: Saint George Co., Curepe, 28. vi. 1978, malaise tp., F. D. Bennett (1 ♂: debu 00104867; 2 ♀: 00104694, 00104837, UWIC); Saint George Co., Curepe, 10 38 ’ N, 61 24 ’ W, viii. 1978, malaise, F. D. Bennet (2 ♂: debu 00165884, 00165886; 1 ♀: debu 00165847, UWIC); same as previous except dated 26. vii. 1978 (1 ♀ *: debu 00151426 *, UWIC); 17. xii. 1978 (25 ♂: debu 00151463, 00151544, 00151465, 00151531, 00151516, 00151612, 00151606, 00151464, 00151416, 00151605, 00151600, 00151645, 00161503,00151501, 00151641, 00151504, 00151502, 00151483, 00151632, 00151661, 00151553, 00151552, 00151438, 00151551 * – ill, 00151547 – w; 36 ♀: 00151533, 00151580, 00151473, 00151624, 00151609, 00151425, 00151422, 00151622, 00151514, 00151613, 00151586, 00151410, 00151523, 00151628, 00151619, 00151578, 00151462, 00151442, 00151546, 00151639, 00151498, 00151256, 00151642, 00151662, 00151311, 00151658, 00151400, 00151294, 00151402, 00151545, 00151556, 00151629, 00151278, 00151657, 00151426, 00151636, UWIC); St. George Co., Upper Santa Cruz, Gasparillo, 15. xi. 1987, malaise head grass / for. edge, R. Borneo, ROM 870031 (5 ♂, 2 ♀, ROME); same as previous except 18 – 21. x. 1987, ROM 870030 (ROME). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: FL: Dade Co., Everglades, Long Pine Key, iv. 71, dung, A. Newton (1 ♀); Dade Co., Everglades Pk., Paradise Key, iv. 71, dung, A. Newton (1 ♀); Hendry Co., La Belle Capt,. Hendry Rd., iv. 1971, pine, hardwood near riv., human dung, A. Newton (3 ♀); Lake Placid, Archbold Biol. Stn., xi. 1979, D Hardwick (1 ♀); Lee Co., Sanibel Is., 27. iv – 3. v. 1983, dung, Carlson & Brown (1 ♀); Manatee Co., Longboat Key, 3 – 4. vii. 1983, pig dung tps., R. E. Woodruff (1 ♀); Volusia Co., Tomoka St. Pk., 20. vi. 1984, mushroom tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *). MI: Gogebic Co., Crooked Lake Bog, 23. vi. 1978, Leg, dung & root mat substrate, J. Wagner Ber: Otter (1 ♀ *). MS: Clairborne Co., 19 km. NE of Pt. Gibson, Owens creek. mi 52, 18. v – 16. viii. 1983, for., FIT, S. & J. Peck (2 ♀). TX: Karnes Co., Helena, San Antonio R., 27 – 28. v. 1983. floodplain for., carrion tps., S. & J. Peck (1 ♀). VENEZUELA: Aragua, El Limon, Pozo del Diablo, 570 m, 13. iv. 1994, L. Masner, 94 – 13 (4 ♂, 1 ♀, IZAV); Lara, Yacambu, 1200 m, 7. v. 1981, cloud for., H. Townes (1 ♂, IZAV); Maracay, Rancho Grande Bio. Stn., 1400 m, Portachuelo Pass, 27. ii. 1995, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, IZAV); Trujillo, Guaramacal Nat. Pk., 14 km. NE of Bocono, 2000 m, 25. viii – 1. ix. 1992, L. Masner (2 ♂: debu 00152052, 00152457; 1 ♀: 00152470, IZAV); Trujillo, Guaramacal Nat. Pk., 2000 – 3000 m, 26. viii – 1. ix. 1992, car net, L. Masner (1 ♂: debu 00152897, IZAV). Other material examined. BELIZE: Mt. Pine Ridge, Hidden Valley Inst., 2500 ’, 10 – 15. i. 1991, grass / pine, dung tps, S. A. Marshall (3 ♂, 2 ♀). COSTA RICA: Heredia, Para Avis, El Plastico, 580 m, 19 – 20. v. 1987, 1 st for. malaise, human dung, house, A. L. Norrbom (1 ♂). GUATEMALA: Antigua, x. 1965, N. L. H. Krauss (1 ♂, USNM). MEXICO: Veracruz, x. 1962, N. L. H. Krauss, B. M. 1963 – 28 (1 ♂, BMNH). ST. LUCIA: Anse Galet, 1 km. SSW Anse LA Rayae, 13 – 56 N, 61 – 03 W ,, 50 m, 21 – 30. vi. 1991, J. E. Rawlins, S. A. Thompson (1 ♂, CMNH). TRINIDAD: Blanchisseuse rd., at summit, 31. x. 1937, B. M. 1937 – 778 (6 ♂, 1 ♀, BMNH); Same as previous except Cocoa plantation at 2 nd milestone, Roxburgh Parlatuvoir rd., 14. x. 1937, B. M. 1937 – 777 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, BMNH). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: FL: Highlands Co., Flamingo Villas Pres., 27 ° 27 ' 5 " N, 81 ° 23 ' 7 " W, 20. x. 2010, site 9, flight trap, Deyrup et al. (1 ♂: debu 00363515). VENEZUELA: Merida, Mucuchies trail, 5 km. S Paramo, near lk., 4000 m, 28. iv. 1988, under Espeletia debris, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE0FFDBE4D8FCFDA8266552.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Nearctic: USA (FL, MI [data suspect], MS, TX); Neotropical: Belize, Brazil, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guatemala, Mexico (ROO), Puerto Rico, St. Kitts, St. Vincent, Trinidad, Venzuela.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE0FFDBE4D8FCFDA8266552.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is based on the Latin word emarginatus, and refers to the notched apex of the male surstylus.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE0FFDBE4D8FCFDA8266552.taxon	discussion	Comments. Males have asymmetrical surstyli (Figs. 115, 116), an unusual character in the genus. Females of C. emarginata and C. hirtuloidea can be separated by the anterior margin of sternite 8, which has a pointed process in C. emarginata (Fig. 123). Dissections are typically required to distinguish female specimens of these species from Central America or Northern South America, where their ranges overlap. The northernmost record of this species from Gogebic County, Michigan is highly suspect, although the specimen has been dissected to confirm its identification. Though there is a possibility that the specimen has been mislabelled it may also be a valid outlier. We, therefore, note the record as unusual and let it stand as it is.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE6FFDAE4D8F92AAE5E6493.taxon	description	Figs. 4, 11, 17, 125 – 134 Limosina ferruginata Stenhammar, 1855: 397 [both sexes]. Type localities: Sweden, " in Ostrogothia ad Häradshammar, Grebo et urbem Lincopiam haud parce ", " in Scania ad urgem Lund et prope Kullen ". LT female, designated by Gapasin & Kim, 1972: 1248 (UZIU) [no specimen of type series is labelled and, therefore, no definite type locality can be selected on the basis of lectotype].	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE6FFDAE4D8F92AAE5E6493.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.5 – 2.5 mm. Body colour orange and brown. Face and gena orange, frons dark brown. Interfrontals in 4 – 6 subequal pairs, postocellar bristles convergent, 1 pair of small postocellar setae. Eye to gena ratio approximately 2: 1; 5 genal setae arranged into a sparse longitudinal row, anteriormost seta twice as long as posterior setae. Scutum and scutellum orange, brown streak down centre of scutum. Scutum with additional small pair of dorsocentral bristles just anterior to prescutellar pair. Scutellum with 40 – 50 discal scutellar setae, posterior row of discal setae approximately 2 times as long as other discal setae; 4 – 5 lateral setae between larger anterior and posterior marginal scutellar bristles. Anterior half of anepimeron and posterior half of katepisternum light orange, rest of thoracic pleurites dark brown. Katepisternum with 3 long dorsal katepisternal bristles, each approximately 2 / 3 to 3 / 4 as long as distance between dorsal margin of katepisternum and wing base, posterior katepisternal bristle slightly longer than anterior 2. Fore coxae light brown or yellow, fore tibia and fore tarsi dark brown, rest of legs brownish orange. Mid tibia with additional pair of small antero / posterodorsal bristles at 1 / 10, an additional anterodorsal bristle at 3 / 5, large posterodorsal bristles present at 1 / 4 and 1 / 2, each equal in length to anterodorsal bristles. Mid basitarsus with row of 5 – 6 stout anterior bristles extending from 3 / 5 to apex, a stout sub-basal anteroventral bristle, an anteroventral bristle just distal to sub-basal bristle and approximately 3 times its length, a posteroventral sub-basal bristle, and 3 anteroventral and 2 posteroventral small bristles on distal half. Second costal sector 1.6 – 2.2 times as long as third costal sector. Costal bypass short, terminating within 5 vein widths of R 4 + 5. Anal vein with distinct angulate bend. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 rounded, with posteromedial patch of microtrichia. Sternite 6 straight or slightly curved. Epandrium with dorsolateral and ventrolateral pairs of large bristles; subanal plate very narrow (cercus or epandrium barely connected below anal opening); cercus with straight ventral margin and posteromedial cluster of 3 – 4 bristles. Surstylus simple, appearing slightly trapezoidal when viewed laterally, with posterior cluster of 10 – 15 bristles and small bristles scattered over lateral and medial surfaces. Postgonites symmetrical, straight, and with subapical point. Basiphallus L-shaped, tubular, open posteriorly dorsal to epiphallus; epiphallus with acute crest. Lateral sclerites of distiphallus with 2 dorsal processes, proximal process sharp and deflected anteromedially, distal process rounded and deflected posteriorly, apex acute, rounded, and slightly spinose; central sclerite with pair of small apical processes, fused to lateral sclerites between dorsal processes. Apical membranes short. Female terminalia: Tergite 8 short dorsally. Tergite 10 glabrous, orange, and narrowly fused to cerci laterally; cerci glabrous, orange, with short setae scattered on posterior half, and tuft of short bristles at apex. Sternite 7 broad, slightly concave anteriorly, with 4 elongate posterior bristles. Sternite 8 trapezoidal, width approximately 2 / 3 width of sternite 7, with posterior row of 4 enlarged bristles. Sternite 10 with central pair of enlarged bristles, posterior margin not curved dorsally. Spermathecae slightly longer than broad, rounded; duct length approximately 2 / 3 as long as spermathecal bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE6FFDAE4D8F92AAE5E6493.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Lectotype sex unknown (designated by Gapasin and Kim, 1972): “ No definite type locality, no specimens in type series are labelled ” (1 ♀, UZIU, not examined). Material examined. See Appendix A.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE6FFDAE4D8F92AAE5E6493.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Zaire; Australasian / Oceanian: Australia (ACT, NSW, NT, QLD), Fiji, Guam (USA), Hawaii (USA), New Zealand, Niue, Samoa, Tonga; Nearctic: Canada (AB, BC, MB, NB, NS, ON, QC, SK), USA (AR, CA, DC, FL, GA, IA, ID, IL, IN, KS, KY, MA, MD, MI, MN, MT, NC, ND, NE, NH, NM, NY, OH, PA, SC, SD, TN, WA, WI, WV); Neotropical: Argentina, Bahamas, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Honduras, Mexico (CHI, NAY), St. Kitts, Surinam; Oriental: China (HKG, TIB), India (Uttaranchal), Indonesia (Flores, Sumbawa), Japan (Okinawa), Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand; Palaearctic: Afghanistan, Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Azores (Portugal), Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is. (Spain), China (BEI, TIB), Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France (incl. Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (incl. Crete), Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Israel, Japan, Latvia, Lebanon, Madeira (Portugal), Malta, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Netherlands, North Korea, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (CET, NET), Serbia, Slovakia, Spain (incl. Balearic Is.), Sweden, Switzerland, Tadjikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE6FFDAE4D8F92AAE5E6493.taxon	discussion	Comments. Coproica ferruginata is a striking and distinctive species that has been consistently interpreted by researchers for over a century. We did not reexamine the type.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE4FFD9E4D8FF14A8616636.taxon	description	Figs. 135 – 144 Description. Body length 1.6 – 2.1 mm. Body brown or light brown. Face light brown, frons brown. Interfrontals in 4 pairs, postocellar bristles slightly convergent, 1 pair of small postocellar setulae. Eye to gena ratio approximately 2: 1; 3 small genal setae arranged in a longitudinal row posterior to vibrissa with anterior seta approximately 1.5 times as long as posterior 2. Scutellum with approximately 15 setae arranged in 2 – 3 sparse rows between basal 1 / 4 and basal 1 / 2; 2 lateral setae between larger anterior and posterior marginal scutellar bristles. Katepisternum with 2 dorsal bristles, anterior and posterior bristles each approximately 1 / 5 and 1 / 2 as long as the distance between dorsal margin of katepisternum and wing base respectively. Legs and fore coxa light brown. Mid tibia with posterodorsal bristles at 1 / 4 and 1 / 2. Mid basitarsus with stout subapical anterior bristle, a stout sub-basal posteroventral bristle paired with a smaller anteroventral sub-basal bristle, and stout anteroventral bristle at 1 / 2 paired with a smaller posteroventral bristle. Second costal sector 0.8 – 1.0 times as long as third costal sector. Costal bypass short, terminating within 5 vein widths of R 4 + 5. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 rounded rectangular with posteromedial patch of microtrichia, bristles uniform in size. Sternite 6 without medial bend, but right apex gently curved posteriorly. Epandrium without enlarged pair of dorsal bristles; subanal plate apparently absent, epandrium not clearly delimited from perianal field ventromedially; ventral margin of cercus with long rounded medial process. Surstylus with claw-like posteroventral process, posterior and ventral margins lined with short bristles, claw-like process composed of pointed posteroventral process, and rounded anterior process. Postgonites symmetrical, clubbed and curved laterally at apex. Basiphallus gently curved, open posteriorly; epiphallus with elongate, acute crest. Lateral sclerites of distiphallus with posterodorsal angle reduced, with 1 sharp medially deflected dorsal process, lateral surface covered in small membranous warts distally; central sclerite not fused to lateral sclerites, and with paired, dorsally deflected apical processes. Membranous sheets narrow, with few sclerotized ridges subapically. Female terminalia: Tergite 8 long laterally, short dorsally. Tergite 10 pollinose, narrowly fused to cerci laterally; cerci conical and pollinose, apical bristles long and sinuate. Sternite 7 broad and rounded. Sternite 8 rounded, trapezoidal, and wider anteriorly, with 3 – 4 posterior bristles. Sternite 10 with medial pair of large bristles, posterior margin curved dorsally. Spermathecae cylindrical; duct length 5 – 7 times as long as spermathecal bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE4FFD9E4D8FF14A8616636.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: ECUADOR: Galapagos, Española Bahia Manzanillo, 7 – 10. vi. 1985, sand beach, carrion tp., S. & J. Peck (QCAZ). Paratypes: ECUADOR: Same as holotype (6 ♂ * – ill – w, 8 ♀ * – ill, QCAZ).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE4FFD9E4D8FF14A8616636.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Neotropical: Galapagos Is. (Ecuador).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE4FFD9E4D8FF14A8616636.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name refers to the Galapagos Islands, the only collection locality for this species.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE4FFD8E4D8FA06AFEA67A4.taxon	description	Figs. 23, 145 – 155	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE4FFD8E4D8FA06AFEA67A4.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.2 – 2.1 mm. Body brown to light brown. Face light brown, frons brown. Interfrontal bristles in 4 pairs, postocellar bristles slightly convergent, 1 pair of small postocellar setulae. Eye to gena ratio approximately 2: 1; 3 genal setae in longitudinal row posterior to vibrissa. Scutellum with approximately 15 discal setae in 2 rows between basal 1 / 4 and basal 1 / 2; 3 lateral setae between larger anterior and posterior marginal scutellar bristles. Katepisternum with 2 dorsal bristles, anterior and posterior bristles each approximately 1 / 5 and 2 / 3 as long as the distance between dorsal margin of katepisternum and wing base, respectively. Legs light brown, fore coxa light brown or yellow. Mid tibia without proximal posterodorsal bristles. Mid basitarsus with two stout anterior setae one subapical and one at 1 / 2, pair of ventral basal bristles, and pair of small ventral bristles at 1 / 2. Second costal sector 0.7 – 1.0 times as long as third costal sector. Costa extending 7 or more vein widths beyond R 4 + 5. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 rounded rectangular, with paired posteromedial tabs, right tab larger, with posteromedial patch of dense microtrichia, discal bristles enlarged laterally. Sternite 6 straight medially. Epandrium with enlarged pair of dorsolateral bristles; subanal plate present, narrow, with medial suture; ventral margin of cercus convex. Surstylus curved along anteroventral margin, with row of small anteroventral bristles, and pointed posteroventral process. Postgonites straight, narrow, and unmodified. Basiphallus straight, tubular, posteriorly open dorsal to epiphallus; epiphallus with small, blunt process. Lateral sclerite of distiphallus with bifurcate proximal dorsal process extending laterally and medially, ventral apical portion cup shaped, and with additional, sharp ventral process; central sclerite short, fused to lateral sclerites beneath proximal dorsal process. Membranous sheets broad. Female terminalia: Tergite 8 long laterally, short dorsally. Tergite 10 pollinose, narrowly fused to cerci laterally; cerci conical, pollinose, apical bristles long and sinuate. Sternite 7 broad, with large triangular point on posterior margin. Sternite 8 small, with 4 minute setae along posterior margin. Sternite 10 with 1 pair of enlarged medial bristles, posterior margin not curved dorsally, lateral margins curved dorsally. Spermathecae spherical, with conical base; duct length 7 – 8 times as long as spermathecal bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE4FFD8E4D8FA06AFEA67A4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntypes: ENGLAND: Cambs., Kirtling, v – vii, x. 1951, (♂ ♀, OXUM, not examined). Material examined. See Appendix A.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE4FFD8E4D8FA06AFEA67A4.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: South Africa; Australasian / Oceanian: Australia (ACT, NSW, QLD), New Zealand; Nearctic: Canada (AB, BC, NB, ON, SK), USA (AK, AR, AZ, CA, FL, GA, IL, IN, KY, MA, MI, MN, MO, NC, NM, OK, SC, TN, TX, UT, WY); Neotropical: Argentina, Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico (CHI, COA, HID, ROO, VRC), Peru, Trinidad; Oriental: China (HKG), Taiwan; Palaearctic: Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is. (Spain), Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece (incl. Crete), Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Madeira (Portugal), Malta, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain (incl. Balearic Is.), Sweden, Switzerland, United Arab Emirates.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE4FFD8E4D8FA06AFEA67A4.taxon	discussion	Comments. Coproica hirticula has a cosmopolitan distribution and is among the most common species of Coproica in the New World. It is easily distinguished from other Coproica by the absence of proximal posterodorsal bristles on the mid tibia (Fig. 18), a short anterior and long posterior katepisternal bristle (Fig. 5), and the unique arrangement of ventral setae on the mid basitarsus (Fig. 23). Coproica hirticula is the sister species to a clade including C. novacula, and the C. vagans and C. urbana species groups. Coproica hirticula is most morphologically similar to C. novacula; both species are realtively plesiomorphic and unplaced to species group. We were unable to obtain the type specimens in order to confirm the concept of C. hirticula used here. We have used the concept of C. hirticula from Richards (1960).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE5FFE7E4D8FB65ACE666C4.taxon	description	Figs. 156 – 165	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE5FFE7E4D8FB65ACE666C4.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.4 – 2.0 mm. Body colour brown. Face brown, frons dark brown. Interfrontal bristles in subequal 4 pairs, postocellar bristles convergent or cruciate, 1 pair of small postocellar setulae. Eyes small, eye to gena ratio approximately 2: 1; 3 – 4 small genal setae in longitudinal row, anterior seta approximately 2 times as long as posterior setae. Scutellum with approximately 15 setae in 2 sparse rows between basal 1 / 4 and basal 1 / 2; 2 – 3 lateral setae between larger anterior and posterior marginal scutellar bristles. Katepisternum with 2 dorsal bristles, anterior and posterior bristles each approximately 1 / 3 and 2 / 3 as long as the distance between dorsal margin of katepisternum and wing base respectively. Legs and fore coxa brown to light brown. Mid tibia with additional small anterodorsal bristle at 1 / 7 and small posterodorsal bristles at 1 / 4 and 1 / 2. Mid basitarsus with 2 stout anterior bristles at 3 / 5 and sub-basally (sometimes a third bristle present in between these), 2 anteroventral sub-basal bristles with distal anteroventral 2 times as long as proximal bristle, a posteroventral sub-basal bristle equal in length to distal anteroventral bristle, and 2 small ventral pairs of setae on distal half. Second costal sector 0.8 – 1.1 times as long as third costal sector. Costal bypass long, extending 7 or more vein widths beyond R 4 + 5. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 rounded rectangular, with posteromedial patch of microtrichia, discal bristles uniform in size. Sternite 6 straight medially. Epandrium with enlarged pair of dorsolateral bristles; subanal plate apparently absent, epandrium not clearly delimited from perianal field ventromedially, cerci discontinuous medially; ventral margin of cercus with 2 rounded medial lobes. Surstylus with quadrate posterior process, ventral margin straight, with 12 or more posterior and ventral marginal bristles. Postgonites symmetrical, curved anteriorly, strong posterior angle, narrow on apical 1 / 3. Basiphallus gently curved, tubular, open posteriorly dorsal to epiphallus; epiphallus with shallow, rounded crest. Lateral sclerites rounded, and extended apically, lateral surface with spinous sculpturing, 2 dorsal processes present, second process positioned ventral and distal to first; central sclerite fused to lateral sclerites near second process. Membranes long with small spines on surface. Female terminalia: Tergite 8 long laterally, short dorsally. Tergite 10 pollinose, narrowly fused with cerci laterally; cerci cylindrical, pollinose, apical bristles long and sinuate. Sternite 7 broad, rounded rectangular. Sternite 8 broad and rounded, slightly narrower than sternite 7. Sternite 10 with pairs of medial and lateral enlarged bristles, posterior margin curved dorsally. Spermathecae elongate, ovoid; duct length 2 – 3 times as long as spermathecal bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE5FFE7E4D8FB65ACE666C4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntypes: ITALY: near Parma (MZUF, not examined). Material examined. See Appendix A.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE5FFE7E4D8FB65ACE666C4.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Nigeria, Seychelles, South Africa, Yemen, Zaire; Australasian / Oceanian: Bonin Is. (Japan), Guam (USA), Hawaii (USA), Kiribati (Onotoa Atoll), Marshall Is., Micronesia (Kapingamarangi Atoll, Satawal I., Yap Is.), New Zealand, Northern Mariana Is. (Saipan), Papua New Guinea, Palau, Pitcairn Is.; Nearctic: Canada (AB, BC, NB, ON, QC), USA (AR, AZ, CA, FL, GA, IA, ID, IL, KS, MA, MI, MN, NC, NE, NJ, NM, NY, OR, PA, UT, WA, WY); Neotropical: Argentina, Chile, Costa Rica, Galapagos Is., Jamaica, Mexico (NLE), (other records: Bermuda and Bolivia, are misidentifications of C. rufifrons); Oriental: China (HKG), India, Japan (Okinawa), Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Vietnam; Palaearctic: Afghanistan, Andorra, Austria, Azores (Portugal), Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is. (Spain), Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Greece (Thíra), Hungary, Italy, Israel, Japan, Latvia, Madeira (Portugal), Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Korea, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (CET), Serbia, Slovakia, Spain (incl. Balearic Is.), Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan; South Atlantic: Saint Helena.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFE5FFE7E4D8FB65ACE666C4.taxon	discussion	Comments. Papp (2008) speculated that C. hirtula var. crinita (Duda 1918) is a good species and is currently misinterpreted as C. hirtula auctt., nec (Rondani, 1880). According to Papp, the true hirtula is a senior synonym of C. rufifrons Hayashi, 1991. We were unable to obtain the types for C. hirtula from Museo Zoologico La Specola in Florence, Italy. We therefore follow the widely accepted concept of C. hirtula and consider C. rufifrons as a distinct species. However, it is possible that nomenclatorial changes will be required if the types of C. hirtula and C. hirtula var. crinita are critically examined. Coproica hirtula is the only species of Coproica that has a known association with birds. Specimens are often taken on chicken dung and have been collected out of Screech Owl and American Kestrel nests in New York. This species abounds in poultry houses in Ontario and has also been recorded from poultry houses in Oregon and Iowa (see label data in Appendix A).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDAFFE6E4D8F997AE43605F.taxon	description	Figs. 166 – 177	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDAFFE6E4D8F997AE43605F.taxon	description	Description. As in Coproica bifurcata with the following exceptions. Body length 1.2 – 2.0 mm. Interfrontals in 3 subequal pairs. Three genal setae in longitudinal row posterior to vibrissa, anterior seta approximately 1.5 times as long as posterior setae. Katepisternum with 2 small, subequal dorsal bristles, each approximately 1 / 6 as long as the distance between dorsal margin of katepisternum and wing base. Mid tibia with small, proximal posterodorsal bristle at 2 / 5. Mid basitarsus with row of 3 – 4 small anterior bristles between 2 / 3 and apex, anteroventral row of 5 – 6 small bristles along entire length, often 2 – 3 small posteroventral bristles in variable positions. Anal vein with distinct angulate bend. Male terminalia: Surstylus with quadrate posteroventral lobe with patch of small ventral setae, ventral margin straight. Left postgonite broad, blunt at apex, right postgonite narrow and sinuate in distal 1 / 2, blunt at apex. Basiphallus L-shaped. Lateral sclerites of distphallus with membranous process at proximal dorsal angle, 2 small dorsal processes subapically, an additional small medial projection on proximal process, and a small pointed process on ventral apical angle; central sclerite fused to lateral sclerites subapically. Membranous sheets short, broad. Female terminalia: Sternite 7 shallowly concave along posterior margin. Sternite 8 rounded with convex anterior margin. Sternite 10 with a pair of enlarged medial bristles and wavy posterior margin. Spermathecae pear-shaped; duct approximately 3 – 4 times as long as spermathecal bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDAFFE6E4D8F997AE43605F.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntypes: PERU: Cuzco, 3200 – 4000 m (♂, ♀, SMTD). BOLIVIA: Mapiri Lorenzopata (♀, SMTD). Material examined. See Appendix A.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDAFFE6E4D8F997AE43605F.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Neotropical: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Peru, Venezuela.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDAFFE6E4D8F997AE43605F.taxon	discussion	Comments. The original description of C. hirtuloidea also fits C. bifurcata and C. emarginata, closely related species with ranges that overlap with the newly documented range of C. hirtuloidea. The type specimens of C. hirtuloidea, however, are from Peru and Northern Bolivia, far south of the range of C. emarginata and north of the main range of C. bifurcata although there is one series of the latter species from high altitudes (870 m) in Southern Bolivia. We are therefore confident that our concept of C. hirtuloidea is correct. Dissection of a male type would be necessary to confirm this conclusion, but we have thus far been unable to examine the types of C. hirtuloidea. See also comments under C. bifurcata and C. emarginata.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDBFFE5E4D8FC21AF356113.taxon	description	Figs. 25, 189 – 200	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDBFFE5E4D8FC21AF356113.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.3 – 2.2 mm. Body brown. Face light brown, frons brown. Interfrontal bristles in 4 subequal pairs, postocellar bristles erect, 1 pair of small postocellar setulae. Eye to gena ratio approximately 2.2: 1. 4 genal setae in longitudinal row posterior to vibrissa, anterior seta approximately 2 times as long as posterior 3. Scutellum with 20 – 25 discal setae arranged into 3 – 4 sparse rows between basal 1 / 5 and 3 / 5, with 2 – 3 lateral bristles between larger anterior and posterior marginal scutellar bristles. Katepisternum with 2 small subequal bristles, each approximately 1 / 3 as long as the distance between dorsal margin of katepisternum and wing base. Mid basitarsus with row of 4 stout anterior bristles extending from 1 / 2 to apex, 1 anteroventral sub-basal bristle, and pairs of stout ventral bristles at 2 / 5 and 2 / 3. Second costal sector 0.7 – 1.1 times length of third costal sector. Costal bypass short, terminating within 5 vein widths of R 4 + 5. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 with small posteromedial notch and a posteromedial patch of dense microtrichia. Sternite 6 with slightly sinuate on the right. Epandrium densely bristled, denser ventrally, with enlarged pair of dorsolateral bristles (though sometimes difficult to distinguish from other bristles due to a heavy chaetotaxy); subanal plate present, continuous with perianal field dorsally; cercus with pointed ventral medial process, and rounded ventral lateral process, ventral lateral process heavily bristled and with distinct constriction at base. Surstylus deflected medially, with pointed anterior process, posteroventral process with thickened tooth-like bristle at apex, 2 ventral lobes, 4 – 5 bristles on lobes, and 2 long, additional ventral bristles between posterior lobe and posteroventral process. Postgonites straight, broad, with truncate apex and preapical anterior bristle. Basiphallus elongate, tubular, and open posterodorsally; epiphallus with short, blade-like process. Distiphallus: tubular sclerite with small lateral processes; lateral sclerites with membranous process at proximal dorsal angle, 2 broad, rounded dorsal processes, and medially deflected dorsal margin; central sclerite not fused with lateral sclerites; ventral sclerite extended; apical membranes reduced. Female terminalia: Tergite 8 very wide, lateral margins almost meeting ventrally, long laterally, short dorsally. Tergite 10 pollinose, narrowly fused to cerci laterally; cerci conical, pollinose, apical bristles short and sinuate. Sternite 7 broad, trapezoidal. Sternite 8 elongate with posterior notch, 4 small posterior setae bordering notch. Sternite 10 with pair of large medial bristles, posterior margin bluntly pointed, not curved dorsally. Spermathecae spherical; duct length 2 – 3 times as long as spermathecal bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDBFFE5E4D8FC21AF356113.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: TX: Victoria, 10. ix. 1907, on Bumelia lanuginose (1 ♂, USNM, not examined). Paratypes: same data as holotype (1 ♂, 3 ♀, USNM, examined). Other material examined. See Appendix A.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDBFFE5E4D8FC21AF356113.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Nearctic: Canada (AB, BC, ON, SK), USA (AR, AZ, CA, FL, ID, KY, MD, MN, MT, NC, ND, NM, OK, OR, PA, SD, TX, UT, VA, WA, WY); Neotropical: Costa Rica, Mexico (COA, JAL).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDBFFE5E4D8FC21AF356113.taxon	discussion	Comments. Coproica mitchelli is easily distinguished from other species of Coproica by the absence of proximal posterodorsal bristles on the mid tibia (Fig. 18), and the unique shapes of the surstylus (Fig. 192), male cercus (Fig. 191), and female sternite 8 (Fig. 199). Coproica mitchelli is the only New World member of the otherwise entirely Old World C. acutangula species group. Coproica mitchelli is the only Nearctic species in the small, morphologically distinct clade including C. lugubris, C. mitchelli, and C. pusio.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFD8FFE4E4D9FDEFAF1C60EF.taxon	description	Figs. 5, 19, 26, 201 – 211 Description. Body length 1.1 – 1.8 mm. Body colour brown. Face and frons brown. Interfrontal bristles in 4 subequal pairs, postocellar bristles erect, 1 pair of small postocellar setulae. Eye to gena ratio approximately 2: 1; 4 genal setae in longitudinal row posterior to vibrissa, anterior bristle 2 – 3 times as long as posterior 3. Scutellum with approximately 18 discal setae arranged in 2 sparse rows between basal 1 / 4 and basal 1 / 2; 2 lateral bristles between larger anterior and posterior marginal scutellar bristles. Katepisternum with 2 dorsal bristles, anterior and posterior bristles each approximately 1 / 7 and 2 / 3 as long as the distance between dorsal margin of katepisternum and wing base respectively. Legs brown, fore coxa brown to light brown. Mid tibia with 1 proximal posterodorsal bristle at 1 / 2. Mid basitarsus with row of stout anterior bristles extending from 1 / 3 to apex, a pair of bold sub-basal bristles, and three small pairs of bristles between 2 / 5 and 4 / 5. Second costal sector 0.7 – 0.9 times as long as third costal sector. Costal bypass long, extending 7 or more vein widths beyond R 4 + 5. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 rectangular, with paired posteromedial tabs and posteromedial patch of dense microtrichia; discal bristles uniform in size. Sternite 6 slightly sinuate medially. Epandrium with enlarged pair of dorsolateral bristles; subanal plate present, narrow; ventral margin of cerci flat, with 1 large, central bristle. Surstylus elongate, triangular, pointed posteroventrally, with sharp point at apex, with row of small anteroventral setae, and elongate posterodorsal bristle. Postgonites straight, with narrow apical half. Basiphallus straight, tubular, posteriorly dorsal to epiphallus; epiphallus rounded. Lateral sclerite of distiphallus deflected medially, with plateau-like process at proximal dorsal angle and 2 small sharp dorsal processes, apex cup-shaped and shallow, subtly ribbed along dorsal margin apically. Central sclerite fused to lateral sclerites ventral to proximal process and with sharp apical process. Membranous sheets broad. Female terminalia: Tergite 8 long laterally and short dorsally. Tergite 10 pollinose, narrowly fused with cerci laterally; cerci short, with rounded apex, apical setae long and sinuate. Sternite 7 broad and rectangular, with posterior margin slightly concave. Sternite 8 broad, with rounded posterior margin, and posterior row of 4 small setae. Sternite 10 with pointed posterior margin and medial pair of elongate bristles, posterior margin not curved dorsally. Spermathecae spherical; duct length approximately 4 times as long as spermathecal bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFD8FFE4E4D9FDEFAF1C60EF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: COSTA RICA: Cartago, Rio Grande de Orosi, near Tapanti Nat. Pk., 1100 – 1150 m, 9. x. 1999, floodplain and for., S. A. Marshall and M. Buck (debu 00103948, INBC). Paratypes: ARGENTINA: Salta, El Rey Nat. Pk., 900 m, Rio La Sala, 5 – 10. xii. 1987, FIT, malaise tp., open stream side in for., S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, 1 ♀ – ill); Salta, El Rey Nat. Pk., 900 m, Aguas Negras Trail, 11 – 15. xii. 1987, for., malaise tp., FIT, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Salta, El Rey Nat. Pk., 1000 m, Pozo Verde Trail, km. 7, 5 – 15. xii. 1987, malaise, FIT, yungas for., S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Salta, Rosario de Lerma, INESALT yard, 16 – 28. ii. 1992, malaise tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Santa Fe, 26 km. S of Reconquista, Rt. 11, 2 km. NE Berna, 20 – 21. ii. 1980, pig dung tps., R. E. Woodruff (2 ♀). BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Acite Cuevo, 12 km. W of Boyuibe, 890 m, 18. viii – 2. ix. 2000, malaise tp., Irwin & Hauser (1 ♂: debu 00147387, UASC); Santa Cruz, Campo Guairuy, 24 km. S of Camiri, 870 m, 18. viii – 2. ix. 2000, malaise tp., Irwin & Hauser (1 ♂ *: debu 00143116 *; 2 ♀: 00144564, 00144119, UASC). BRAZIL: Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, vii. 1998, C. L. Bicho (1 ♂ *: debu 00105615 *, MZSP). COSTA RICA: Cartago, Purisil, ~ 1200 m, 10. x. 1999, sweeping coffee waste, S. A. Marshall (4 ♂ *: debu 00127435, 00127436, 00127437, 00127438 *, INBC); Cartago, Rio Macho For. Reserve, 2200 m, 10. x. 1999, sweeping, S. A. Marshall (4 ♂: debu 00103883, 00103884, 00103879, 00103876; 3 ♀: 00103844, 00103875, 00103897, INBC); Heredia, Sto. Domingo, INBio Pk., 9 ° 58 ’ 23 N, 84 ° 5 ’ 30 W, 18 – 19. viii. 2001, on compost, Buck & Barber (1 ♀: debu 00187432, INBC). ECUADOR: 12 – 23. iii. 1992, S. Peck (1 ♂, QCAZ). GUATEMALA: Fraijanes, Finca San Antonio, 1800 m, 14. ii. 1987, J. Manger (1 ♂: debu 00263008); Quetzalten, Ango Prov., 8 km. SE of Zunil, 2450 m, 19 – 21. vi. 1993 # 069, ex. FIT, tp. # 1, J. Ashe & R. Brooks (1 ♂). HONDURAS: Oyuca, 30 km. E of Tegu, 1800 m, 10. vi. 1994, FIT, H. Howden (1 ♂); Zamorano, 7. vi. 1994, dung tp. (1 ♀). MEXICO: Mexico State, 3 mi. NE of Temascaltepec, 6300 ’, 2 – 7. ix. 1971, oak madronopine, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♀ * – ill); Morelos, Cuernavaca, 6. viii. 1938, L. J. Lipovsky, Snow Museum (1 ♂, SEMC); Oaxaca, 9 mi. E of El Camaron, 4300 ’, 23. viii – 6. ix. 1973, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂ – w). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: AZ: Cochise Co., near Portal, SWRS., 18 – 23. viii. 1984, mushroom tps., B. V. Brown (1 ♀). TX: Hidalgo Co., Bentsen-Rio Grande Valley St. Pk., 21 – 25. v. 1971, willow-thorn for., near riv., dung, Newton (1 ♀). Other material examined. MEXICO: Morelos, Cuernavaca, 6. viii. 1938, L. J. Lipovsky (11 ♂, 4 ♀, SEMC); same as previous except 4. viii. 1938 (2 ♂, 5 ♀, SEMC); 1. viii. 1938 (2 ♂, 1 ♀, SEMC); Jalisco, El Limón, Tampa, 17. vi. 1953, P. B. L. (1 ♂, SEMC); Jalisco, Tlaquepaque, 1. x. 1965, B. M. 1966 – 123, N. L. H. Krauss (1 ♂, BMNH); 6 mi. SW Puebla, 6600 ’, 2. vii. 1953 (1 ♂, SEMC); Tepexpan, 6900 ’, 12. viii. 1954 (1 ♂, SEMC).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFD8FFE4E4D9FDEFAF1C60EF.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Nearctic: USA (AZ, TX); Neotropical: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico (JAL, MEX, MOR, OAX, PUE).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFD8FFE4E4D9FDEFAF1C60EF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word novacula, which means “ sharp knife, ” and refers to the blade-like appearance of the surstyli.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFD8FFE4E4D9FDEFAF1C60EF.taxon	discussion	Comments. Coproica novacula is known from relatively few specimens, but ranges from southern South America to the southwestern United States. A unique mid basitarsal chaetotaxy (Fig. 26) and surstylar shape (Fig. 202) make this species easily recognizable. See comments under C. hirticula.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFD9FFE3E4D8FBB1AEC361F4.taxon	description	Figs. 234 – 243	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFD9FFE3E4D8FBB1AEC361F4.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.6 – 2.3 mm. Body dark brown, ventral portion of thorax orange-brown. Face and frons dark brown. Interfrontal bristles in 4 subequal pairs, postocellar bristles slightly convergent, with 2 pairs of small postocellar setulae. Gena brown with orange tinge; eye to gena ratio 1.8: 1 – 2.0: 1; patch of 6 small genal setae, anterior-most seta 2 – 3 times as long as posterior setae. Scutellum with approximately 25 discal setae between base and basal 2 / 3, with strong pair of medial discal bristles at 3 / 4; 4 – 5 lateral bristles between larger anterior and posterior marginal scutellar setae. Katepisternum with 2 dorsal bristles, anterior and posterior bristles approximately 1 / 3 and 1 / 2 as long as the distance between dorsal margin of katepisternum and wing base, respectively. Legs brown to light brown, fore coxa light brown. Mid tibia with strong proximal posterdorsal bristles at 2 / 5 and 1 / 2. Mid basitarsus with stout anterior bristles sub-basally and at 1 / 2 and 3 / 4, 2 sub-basal anteroventral bristles with proximal bristle shorter, a long posteroventral sub-basal bristle, and 2 – 4 small anteroventral and posteroventral bristles on distal half in variable arrangement. Second costal sector 1.0 – 1.5 times as long as third costal sector. Costal bypass short, terminating within 5 vein widths of R 4 + 5. Male terminalia: Posterior margin of sternite 5 with a small medial process and posteromedial patch of microtrichia, discal bristles uniform in size. Sternite 6 straight medially. Epandrium with enlarged pair of anterodorsal bristles; subanal plate incomplete; cercus with 1 large central bristle, ventral margin flat and straight. Surstylus trapezoid, with dense ventral row of short bristles. Postgonites anteriorly curved, with distinct posterior angle, broad except for narrow, pointed apical process. Basiphallus gently curved, tubular, open posteriorly dorsal to epiphallus; epiphallus with rounded crest. Lateral sclerites of distiphallus narrow, rounded dorsally; central sclerite pointed at apex. Membranes elongate, narrow, and bulbous ventrally, with rows of lightly sclerotized ridges and warts. Female terminalia: Tergite 8 separated dorsally, connected by a medial mebrane. Tergite 10 glabrous, orange, narrowly fused to cerci laterally; cerci orange, glabrous on anterior half, pollinose on posterior half, apical bristles short. Sternite 7 broader along anterior margin. Stenite 8 about 1 / 3 the width of sternite 7, posterior row of 4 or more small setae, anterior margin with small, rounded process. Stenite 10 with a pair of enlarged lateral bristles, lateral margins curved dorsally, posterior margin pointed and not curved dorsally. Spermathecae spherical; duct length 1 – 2 times as long as spermathecal bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFD9FFE3E4D8FBB1AEC361F4.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: SPAIN: Barcelona, Cabrils, 14. iv. 1982, on cow dung, M. Carles-Tolrá (♂, CTB, not examined). Paratypes: SPAIN: Barcelona, Cardedeu, 5. i. 1983 on cow dung, leg, M. Carles-Tolrá (1 ♂ *, examined); Barcelona, Cabrils, 8. iv. 1982, on sheep dung, leg, M. Carles-Tolrá (1 ♀, examined). Other material examined. See Appendix A.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFD9FFE3E4D8FBB1AEC361F4.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Neotropical: Argentina, Brazil, Chile; Oriental: Japan (Okinawa), Taiwan; Palaearctic: Andorra, Canary Is. (Spain), Cyprus, Italy, Japan, Malta, Norway, Spain (incl. Balearic Is.).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFD9FFE3E4D8FBB1AEC361F4.taxon	discussion	Comments. Coproica rohaceki is here newly recorded from the New World, based on specimens from Argentina, Brazil and Chile. Coproica rohaceki can be distinguished from other Coproica by the combination of a short anterior and long posterior katepisternal bristle (Fig. 5) and a quadrate surstylus (Fig. 235) or glabrous female cerci and tergite 10 (Fig. 240). Identifications were confirmed through comparison of dissected New World specimens to dissected paratypes and specimens from the Canary Islands.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDEFFE2E4D8FCC7AFBD623B.taxon	description	Figs. 7, 20, 27, 244 – 254	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDEFFE2E4D8FCC7AFBD623B.taxon	description	Description. As in Coproica hirtula with the following exceptions. Body length 1.1 – 1.9 mm. Anterior 1 / 5 of frons orange. Interfrontal bristles in 4 – 5 subequal pairs. Second costal sector 0.7 – 1.1 times as long as third costal sector. Male terminalia: Cercus with rounded medial process along ventral margin, and 1 enlarged bristle. Surstylus with 2 posteroventral processes, each medially deflected, posterior-most process pointed and 2 times as long as other process, with ventral row of 5 or more bristles. Distiphallus with lateral sclerites rounded, with medial process and small lateral warts; central sclerite narrowly fused with lateral sclerites subapically, with elongate apical process. Membranes elongate, narrow, with lightly sclerotized ridges. Female terminalia: Sternite 8 rounded anteriorly, nearly as wide as sternite 7, with posteromedial notch. Spermathecae spherical; duct length 7 – 8 times as long as spermathecal bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDEFFE2E4D8FCC7AFBD623B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: PAKISTAN: Northwest Frontier Prov., Chilas, 2. ix. 1988, T. Hayashi (ITLJ, not examined). Paratypes (all individuals listed here were examined): PAKISTAN: Northwest Frontier Prov., Ayubia, 22. vii. 1988, T. Hayashi (1 ♀); Northwest Frontier Prov., Balakot, 2. viii. 1988, T. Hayashi (4 ♂ *); Northwest Frontier Prov., Chilas, 2. ix. 1988, T. Hayashi (4 ♂, 4 ♀); Northwest Frontier Prov., Kalam, Swat, 6 – 8. viii. 1988, T. Hayashi (1 ♀); Northwest Frontier Prov., Miandam, Swat, 3. viii. 1988, T. Hayashi (3 ♂); Northwest Frontier Prov., Shangla Pass, 9. viii. 1988, T. Hayashi (4 ♀). Other material examined. See Appendix A.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDEFFE2E4D8FCC7AFBD623B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: Yemen; Australasian / Oceanian: American Samoa, Australia (QLD), Cook Is., Fiji, French Polynesia (Tahiti), Kiribati, Marshall Is., Micronesia (Kapingamarangi, Satawa Is., Yap Is.), Palau, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Is., Tonga, Vanuatu, Western Samoa; Nearctic: Canada (NS [data suspect]), USA (FL, NY [data suspect], TX); Neotropical: Argentina, Bermuda, Brazil,? Bolivia, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Galápagos Is. (Ecuador), Grenada, Guatemala, Jamaica,? Mexico, St. Kitts, Trinidad, Virgin Is.; Oriental: China (HKG), Japan (Okinawa), Pakistan, Taiwan; Palaearctic: Afghanistan, Canary Is. (Spain), China (BEI), Croatia, Germany, Greece (Crete), Hungary, Italy, Japan, Madeira (Portugal), Malta, Saudia Arabia, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDEFFE2E4D8FCC7AFBD623B.taxon	discussion	Comments. Coproica rufifrons is widespread and abundant in northern South America and the southern United States, and is the most common species of Coproica collected on the Galapagos Islands. Two specimens examined had label data indicating occurrences well north of the main range of this species: one from New York and the other from Nova Scotia. Coproica rufifrons can be distinguished from C. hirtula by the orange anterior margin of the frons, and the presence of a pair of posterior processes on the surstylus (Fig. 245). Twenty-one paratypes were examined including four males and four females belonging to the holotype series. The holotype was not examined, as we are confident that the examined paratypes are conspecific with the holotype. See also comments under Coproica hirtula.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDFFFE2E4D8FE05AC0864EE.taxon	description	Figs. 6, 28, 256 – 266	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDFFFE2E4D8FE05AC0864EE.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.3 – 2.1 mm. Body light brown to brown. Face light brown, frons brown. Interfrontals in 4 subequal pairs, postocellar bristles slightly convergent, 1 pair of small postocellar setulae. Eye to gena ratio approximately 2.5: 1; 10 – 15 small genal setae present, anterior seta approximately 1.5 times as long as posterior setae. Scutum with 3 additional pairs of dorsocentral bristles anterior to prescutellar pair, each approximately 1 / 3 as long as prescutellar bristles. Scutellum with 25 – 35 discal setae between basal 1 / 5 and basal 1 / 2, row of 4 or more bristles at 1 / 2 approximately 5 times longer than other discal setae; 4 lateral bristles between larger anterior and posterior marginal scutellar bristles, second lateral bristle long, approximately 2 / 3 as long as anterior marginal bristle. Katepisternum with 2 long subequal dorsal bristles, anterior bristle extending to just beneath wing base, posterior bristle extending just beyond wing base. Legs and fore coxa brown to light brown. Mid tibia with additional small anterodorsal bristle at 1 / 5 with paired posterodorsal bristle, and strong proximal posterodorsal bristles at 1 / 3 and 1 / 2. Mid basitarsus with stout anterior setae at 1 / 2 and subapical, a strong sub-basal posteroventral bristle approximately 3 times width of mid basitarsus in length, an equally long anteroventral bristle at 1 / 2, and a small posteroventral bristle at 1 / 2. Second costal sector 0.7 – 1.0 times as long as third costal sector. Costal bypass long, extending 7 or more vein widths beyond R 4 + 5. Anal vein with distinct angulate bend. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 rounded rectangular, with posteromedial patch of microtrichia; lateral bristles slightly enlarged. Sternite 6 straight medially. Epandrium with enlarged pair of dorsolateral and ventrolateral bristles; subanal plate present, narrow; cercus 1 enlarged central bristle, ventral margin rounded. Surstylus with rounded posterior and ventral lobes, and row of stout ventral bristles. Postgonites straight, relatively broad, blunt at apex. Basiphallus gently curved, tubular, open posteriorly dorsal to epiphallus; epiphallus with blunt, elongate crest. Lateral sclerites of distiphallus with 2 dorsal processes, dorsal margin deflected medially, apex rounded, with several small spines; central sclerite fused with lateral sclerites ventral to second process. Membranes elongate, narrow, with apical spines. Female terminalia: Tergite 8 reduced to long lateral sclerites, connected by a dorsal membrane. Tergite 10 and cerci dorsally flattened; Tergite 10 glabrous, orange, central bristles minute, fused to cerci posterolaterally and tightly associated medially; cerci orange, glabrous anteriorly, pollinose posteriorly, cercal bristles short and straight, apical bristle modified into a stout spine. Sternite 7 broad, short, and concave posteriorly. Sternite 8 with slightly pointed anterior margin, concave posterior margin, with anterior and posterior rows of 4 small bristles bordering a pair of larger bristles. Posterior margin of sternite 10 curved dorsally. Spermathecae spherical; duct length approximately 2 times as long as spermathecal bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDFFFE2E4D8FE05AC0864EE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntypes: BOLIVIA: 60 km N San José de Chiquitos (♂, ♀, SMNS, not examined). Material examined. See Appendix A.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDFFFE2E4D8FE05AC0864EE.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Nearctic: USA (AZ, FL, MI, NM, TX); Neotropical: Antigua, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico (CHI, COA, GUE, HID, JAL, MOR, NAY, NUL, QRE, ROO, SIN, SON), Panama, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, Trinidad, Venezuela, Virgin Is.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDFFFE2E4D8FE05AC0864EE.taxon	discussion	Comments. Coproica setulosa is characterized by four pairs of dorsocentral bristles and exceptionally elongate anterior and posterior katepisternal bristles (Fig. 18). The original description of C. setulosa (Duda 1929) refers to numerous elongate dorsocentral bristles (a unique character in Coproica) along with a characteristic elongate chaetotaxy. The type series for C. setulosa was not examined as its identity is easily confirmed by the description.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDCFFE1E4D8FF14A8856492.taxon	description	Figs. 267 – 276 Description. Body length 0.9 – 1.3 mm. Brown along dorsum, yellow to light brown ventrally. Face and frons brown; head appearing longitudinally flattened, head height 1.5 – 1.9 times head length. Interfrontal bristles in 4 subequal pairs, postocellar bristles straight or slightly convergent, 2 pairs of small postocellar setulae. Eye small. Gena striate and devoid of microsetae on dorsal half, with light, reflective polinosity present on ventral half, eye to gena ratio approximately 1.4: 1; 2 enlarged genal setae, 2 – 3 more scattered genal setae. Thorax light brown dorsally, yellow ventrally. Scutellum with 10 – 13 discal setae arranged in 2 rows between basal 1 / 3 and basal 2 / 3; 2 lateral setae between anterior and posterior marginal bristles. Katepisternum with 2 small, subequal dorsal bristles, each approximately 1 / 5 as long as distance between katepisternum and wing base. Legs and fore coxa yellow. Mid tibia with 1 proximal posterodorsal bristle at 2 / 5. Mid basitarsus with anterior row of small, stout bristles, a sub-basal ventral pair of bristles, and 2 ventral rows of small setae along entire length of mid basitarsus. Second costal sector 0.7 – 0.9 times as long as third costal sector. Costal bypass short, terminating within 5 vein widths of R 4 + 5. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 rectangular, with patch of microtrichia posteromedially; discal bristles uniform in size. Sternite 6 straight medially. Epandrium with enlarged pair of dorsolateral bristles; subanal plate present, robust; ventral margin of cercus rounded but unmodified. Surstylus with quadrate posterior process, process covered in dense setae and separated from rest of surstylus by ridge, anterior portion with ventral 90 ˚ angle. Postgonites straight, narrow on distal 2 / 5. Basiphallus arched, tubular, closed posteriorly; epiphallus bulbous. Lateral sclerites of distiphallus narrow, with elongate, membranous proximal dorsal process, a bifurcate dorsal process, and a subapical process emerging from medial surface; central process fused with lateral sclerites ventral to bifurcate process. Apical membranes short. Female terminalia: Tergite 8 unmodified, sclerotized dorsally. Tergite 10 pollinose, narrowly fused to cerci laterally; cerci pollinose, apical bristles long and sinuate. Sternite 7 broad, with blunt posterior point. Sternite 8 rounded, triangular, with lateral groups of 4 small bristles. Sternite 10 convex and rounded, with pair of enlarged medial bristles, posterior margin not curved dorsally. Spermathecae pear-shaped; duct length 3 – 4 times as long as spermathecal bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDCFFE1E4D8FF14A8856492.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: FL: Putnam Co., Hollister, 17 – 23. vii. 1984, Gopher Tortoise burrow, E. G. Milstrey (DEBU). Paratypes: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: FL: Same as holotype (1 ♂ * – ill); Alachua Co., Lochloosa GMA, 3. x. 1984, gopher tortoise burrow, E. G. Milstrey (1 ♂ – w); same as previous except dated 21. x. 1984 (2 ♀ ** – ill); Putnam Co., Hollister / Robert’s ranch, 5. xii. 1984, gopher tortoise burrow, emerged from material, E. G. Milstrey (1 ♂, 3 ♀ *); Putnam Co., Hollister / Robert’s ranch, 5. xii. 1984, gopher tortoise burrow, E. G. Milstrey (1 ♀); same as previous except dated 15. xi. 1984 (1 ♀); 20. vi. 1984 (1 ♂). Other material examined. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: FL: Highlands Co., Flamingo Villas Pres., 27 ° 27 ' 5 " N, 81 ° 23 ' 7 " W, 6. x. 2010, site 7, flight trap, Deyrup et al. (1 ♂: debu 00363298; 2 ♀: debu 00363293, 00363318); same as previous except 5. v. 2010, yellow sand scrub, site 5, flight trap, Deyrup et al. (1 ♀: debu 00363279); 27. x. 2010, flight trap, Deyrup et al. (1 ♀: debu 00363386); 20. x. 2010, site 9, flight trap, Deyrup et al. (3 ♂: debu 00363504, 00363523, 00363544); Highlands Co., Highland Park Estates, 27 ° 20 ' 6 " N, 81 ° 20 ' 37 " W, 6. vii. 2010, scrub, flight trap, Deyrup et al. (1 ♀: debu 00363470); Highlands Co., Highland Hammock St. Pk., 27 ° 28 ' N, 81 ° 32 ' W, 20. vii. 2010, scrub, flight trap, Deyrup et al. (1 ♂: debu 00363578); same as previous except dated 22. vii. 2010 (2 ♀: debu 00363337, 00363336); Highlands Co., Lake June St. Pk., 27 ° 18 ' 46 " N, 81 ° 25 ' 16 " W, 6. viii. 2010, Deyrup et al. (2 ♂: debu 00363169, 00363180); Polk Co., Walk-In-Water St. For., 27 ° 45 ' 41 " N, 81 ° 29 ' 16 " W, 14 - 24. vi. 2010, site 1, Deyrup et al. (1 ♂: debu 00362711); Polk Co., Catfish Creek St. Pk., 27 ° 58 ' 57 " N, 81 ° 29 ' 16 " W, site 7, flight trap, 24. vi. 2010, Deyrup et al. (1 ♂: debu 00363431).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDCFFE1E4D8FF14A8856492.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Nearctic: USA (FL).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDCFFE1E4D8FF14A8856492.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word testudo, which means “ tortoise, ” and reflects the biology of this species.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDCFFE1E4D8FF14A8856492.taxon	discussion	Comments. Coproica testudinea is a rare species only known from gopher tortoise burrows in Florida, and from traps set near their burrows. Small eyes, and the highly specific habitat, make this species easily identifiable.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDDFFE0E4D8FF1BAFE1644E.taxon	description	Figs. 12, 277 – 288	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDDFFE0E4D8FF1BAFE1644E.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.1 – 1.8 mm. Uniformly light to dark brown. Face and frons brown. Interfrontal bristles in 3 subequal pairs, postocellar bristles cruciate, small postocellar setae absent. Eye to gena ratio approximately 2: 1; 3 small dorsally curved genal bristles in longitudinal row, additional small setae between longitudinal row and ventral margin of gena. Scutellum with 10 – 14 discal setae arranged in 2 rows between basal 1 / 4 and 1 / 2; 0 - 2 lateral setae between larger anterior and posterior marginal scutellar bristles. Katepisternum with 2 small, subequal dorsal bristles, each approximately 1 / 6 as long as the distance between dorsal margin of katepisternum and wing base. Legs and fore coxa light brown to yellow. Mid tibia with 1 proximal posterodorsal bristle at 2 / 5. Mid basitarsus with anterior row of small bristles extending from 1 / 3 to apex, a stout sub-basal anteroventral bristle (occasionally with additional anteroventral bristle distal to sub-basal bristle), and a cluster of 2 – 4 bristles at 1 / 2 (typically 2 anteroventral and 1 posteroventral bristle, or 1 anteroventral and 1 posteroventral bristle). Second costal sector 0.8 – 1.0 times as long as third costal sector. Costal bypass long, extending 7 or more vein widths beyond R 4 + 5. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 rectangular, discal bristles uniform in size. Sternite 6 straight medially. Epandrium with enlarged pair of dorsolateral bristles; subanal plate incomplete; cercus with a large central bristle, ventral margin flat and straight, deflected medially. Surstylus with rounded posteroventral process with slight constriction at base and apical patch of setae. Postgonites asymmetrical, left postgonite curved, narrow, rounded and spoon-like at apex, right postgonite straight, narrow on distal 1 / 3, with fine point at apex. Basiphallus elongate, straight, tubular, open posterodorsally; epiphallus short. Lateral sclerites on distiphallus rounded, narrow, with sharp dorsomedial process, and short, narrow apicoventral process; central sclerite fused apically with lateral sclerites. Female terminalia: Tergite 8 reduced to 2 lateral sclerites connected by dorsal membrane. Tergite 10 pollinose, broadly fused to cerci; cerci pollinose, apical setae short and sinuate. Sternite 7 broad, rounded, with shallow posteromedial notch. Sternite 8 rounded, with anteromedial point, a pair of larger anterior setae, and anterior and posterior rows of 4 small setae. Sternite 10 with enlarged pair of medial bristles, posterior margin curved dorsally. Spermathecae spherical, with conical base; short portion of duct sclerotized, with sharp constriction at base of bulb, duct length 4 – 5 times as long as spermathecal bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDDFFE0E4D8FF1BAFE1644E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype male: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: IL: Urbana, 1. ii. 1931, reared, (Type No. 65053 USNM, examined by Dr. Norrbom). Other material examined. See Appendix A.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDDFFE0E4D8FF1BAFE1644E.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Nearctic: Canada (AB, BC, MB, NB, NS, ON, SK); USA (AL, AR, AZ, CO, FL, GA, ID, IL, IN, KY, MA, MI, MN, MS, MT, NC, ND, NH, NM, NY, OH, OK, PA, SC, TN, TX, UT, VA, WV, WY). Neotropical: Costa Rica, Cuba, Mexico (CHI, OAX).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFDDFFE0E4D8FF1BAFE1644E.taxon	discussion	Comments. Coproica urbana is an extremely common species, and almost half of all the specimens examined during this study were this species. The slight variations in surstylus shape and great variation in ventral mid basitarsus bristle patterns, a character considered important within Coproica (Collin 1956; Richards 1960), made the assessment of the variation in this species exceptionally difficult. Coproica urbana, as treated here, was divided into four morphospecies in an unpublished MSc thesis (Swann 1993) but we could find no correlated, discontinuous characters that reliably separate these putative morphospecies. Hundreds of dissections revealed a consistent distiphallus shape across the morphotypes, which suggests to us that these represent a single species. The morphological evidence that C. urbana represents a single biological species was supported by limited mitochondrial DNA evidence, as five specimens “ barcoded ” (sequenced for Cytochrome Oxidase 1) showed very little variation, falling within 1 % of each other. Four of these sequenced specimens were from Ontario and one was from Texas (a different putative morphospecies according to Swann (1993 )), supporting our interpretation of the morphological variation in this group as infraspecific.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFD2FFECE4D8FF14A86A672E.taxon	description	Figs. 8, 289 – 298	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFD2FFECE4D8FF14A86A672E.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.3 – 2.3 mm. Body brown. Face light brown, frons brown. Interfrontal bristles in 4 – 5 subequal pairs, postocellar bristles convergent, 1 pair of small postocellar setulae. Eye small, eye to gena ratio 1.3: 1 – 1.5: 1; 6 genal setae, anterior seta 2 times as long as posterior bristles. Scutellum with 20 – 25 discal setae arranged in 3 sparse rows between basal 1 / 5 and basal 3 / 5, posterior row of setae approximately 1.5 times as long as other discal setae; 3 lateral setae between larger anterior and posterior marginal scutellar bristles. Katepisternum with 2 long, subequal dorsal bristles, anterior and posterior bristles each approximately 3 / 5 and 4 / 5 as long as distance between dorsal margin of katepisternum and wing base respectively. Legs and fore coxa brown to light brown. Mid tibia with small additional anterodorsal bristle at 1 / 10, and proximal posterodorsal bristles present at 1 / 4 and 1 / 2. Mid bastitarsus with strong anterior setae sub-basally and at 1 / 2, sub-basal ventral pair of bristles present, posteroventral sub-basal bristle approximately 1.3 times as long as anteroventral bristle present, anteroventral bristle at 2 / 5 and approximately 2 times longer than width of mid basitarsus, anteroventral bristle at 4 / 5, and small posteroventral bristles at 2 / 5 and 3 / 5. Second costal sector 1.1 – 1.7 times as long as third costal sector. Costal bypass short, terminating within 5 vein widths of R 4 + 5. Male terminalia: Sternite 5 rectangular, discal bristles larger laterally. Sternite 6 straight medially. Epandrium with enlarged pair of dorsolateral bristles; subanal plate present, narrow; cercus with 1 outstanding bristle, ventral margin with broad rounded medial processes. Surstylus with 2 small dorsally curved processes separated by an emargination, 3 or more enlarged anteroventral bristles, and several small bristles along ventral margin. Basiphallus L-shaped, open posteriorly; epiphallus short. Distiphallus: lateral sclerites rounded, with blunt subapical dorsal process, an apicoventral posteromedially deflected process; central sclerite fused with lateral sclerites on apicoventral process; membranous sheets broad. Female terminalia: Tergite 8 long laterally and short dorsally, not divided medially. Tergite 10 pollinose, narrowly fused to cerci laterally; cerci conical, pollinose, apical bristles sinuate. Sternite 7 broad, rounded. Sternite 8 broad, rounded, width approximately 3 / 4 width of sternite 7, with pair of lateral, elongate bristles. Sternite 10 with medial and lateral pairs of large bristles, posterior margin not curved dorsally. Spermathecae spherical; duct length approximately 2 times as long as spermathecal bulb.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFD2FFECE4D8FF14A86A672E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Syntypes: Ireland: Downshire (NMID, not examined). Material examined. See Appendix A.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFD2FFECE4D8FF14A86A672E.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: Ethiopia, South Africa, Tanzania, Zaire; Australasian / Oceanian: Australia (QLD), Guam (USA), Hawaii (USA); Nearctic: Canada (AB, BC, NS, ON, SK), USA (AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DC, FL, ID, MI, MO, NC, NJ, NM, OK, OR, PA, SD, TX, UT, WA, WY); Neotropical: Argentina, Bermuda, Bolivia, Chile, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Mexico (BCS, MEX); Oriental: Japan (Okinawa), Taiwan; Palaearctic: Afghanistan, Algeria, Andorra, Austria, Azerbaidjan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canary Is. (Spain), Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, France (incl. Corsica), Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece (incl. Crete, Thíra), Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Japan, Latvia, Macedonia, Malta, Mongolia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (CET, NET, SET), Saudia Arabia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain (incl. Balearic Is.), Sweden, Switzerland, Tadjikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, South Atlantic: Saint Helena.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFD2FFECE4D8FF14A86A672E.taxon	discussion	Comments. We were unable to examine the type specimens of C. vagans but Richards’ (1960) concept of this species is clear and is followed here. 18192021222324252627282930313233 C. bispatha 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 C. brachystyla 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 C. cacti ???? 0 ?? 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 2 1 C. coreana 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 C. diabolica 1 0 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 C. digitata 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 C. emarginata 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 C. ferruginata 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 C. galapagosensis 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 C. hirticula 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 C. hirtula 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 C. hirtuloidea 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 C. lacteipennis 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 ?? 0 C. lugubris 0 1 1 0 1 1 4 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 C. mitchelli 1 0 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 C. novacula 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 C. pappi 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 0 C. pusio 0 0 1 1 0 1 4 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 C. rohaceki 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 C. rufifrons 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 C. serra ???? 1 ?? 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 C. setulosa 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 C. testudinea 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 C. urbana 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 C. vagans 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3435363738394041424344 C. emarginata 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 C. ferruginata 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 C. galapagosensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 1 0 C. hirticula 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 C. hirtula 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 C. hirtuloidea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 C. lacteipennis 0 0 ??? 0? 2 1 1 0 C. lugubris 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 C. mitchelli 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 C. novacula 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 C. pappi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 C. pusio 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 C. rohaceki 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 C. rufifrons 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 C. serra 0 0 ??? 0 ????? C. setulosa 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 C. testudinea 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 C. urbana 0 0 3 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 C. vagans 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFD4FFF6E4D8FF5DAC0B61AC.taxon	materials_examined	CANADA: AB: Stettler, 30. viii. 1980, S. A. Marshall (8 ♂, 6 ♀); Wagner Bog, 2 – 9. viii. 1985, pan tp. 2, leg. A. T. Finnamore; (1 ♂, PMAE); same data except 23 – 27. viii. 1985, pan tp. 8 (1 ♀, PMAE); 10 mi. N of Nordegg, 20. vii. 87, around cow parsnip roots, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Jumping Pound Ck., 7. viii. 1980, dung vac., S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); 10 mi. E of Patricia, 16 – 17. viii. 1980, prairie, R. S. Anderson, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Cypress Hills, 14. vi. 1980, cow dung S. A. Marshall (1 ♂). BC: Cranbrook, 1. viii. 1980, horse dung, S. A. Marshall (11 ♂, 21 ♀); near Cranbrook, 16. vii. 1980, sweeps, G. Gibson (1 ♀, CNCI); Wyndell, viii. 1980, bear dung vac., S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Ainsworth, Woodbury Creek, 5. vii. 1980, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀). ON: Horse C. acutangula (4 ♂); C. acutangula, 6. vi, v IN (1 ♂); Algonquin Prov. Pk., Swan Lk. stn., 23 – 30. vi. 1994, Scott Lk. Survey, A 5 shore pans (1 ♀); Algonquin Prov. Pk., Swan Lk. stn., 45 ° 29 ’ 15 ” N, 76 ° 43 ’ 20 ” W, 2 – 12. vii. 1993, Scott Lk. Survey, pan A 2, lakeshore, Larson, Marshall, Barr (1 ♂); Algonquin Prov. Pk., 0.5 km. S of Billy Lk., 21 – 28. vii. 1984, bog, moose dung, Kpendreigh (1 ♀); Arkell, 20. vi. 1956, D. H. Pengelly (1 ♂); Arkell, 18. ix. 1993, on horse dung, C. D. Jones (1 ♂); Belfountain, 10. vi. 1981, mushroom, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Blair, rare, The Dells, 43 ° 22 ’ 55 ” N, 80 ° 20 ’ 32 ” W, 20. vi – 17. vii. 2006, malaise, Bergeron & Cheung (1 ♀: debu 00268440); Chaffeys Locks, Queens Univ. Bio. Stn., 12. ix. 80, human dung, field, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Damascus Wylde Lk., 25 – 31. viii. 1992, pan tps., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Guelph, Hanlon Pkwy. & Laird Rd., 18. iv. 2005, on deer carcass, J. Klymko (1 ♀: debu 00242722); Guelph, 3. vii. 1978, L. Cartwright (2 ♂); Guelph, Arboretum, 9. viii. 1984, field, mushroom tps., B. V. Brown (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Guelph, Arboretum, 3 – 13. x. 1984, deciduous, mushroom tps., B. V. Brown (1 ♀); Guelph, 30. ix. 1979, on window, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Guelph, 5 – 8. vii. 1982, pan tp., K. W. Barber (1 ♂); Guelph, University, 23. vi. 1984, pan tp., K. Gilbert (1 ♀); Hamilton, Royal Botanical Gardens, 15. vi. 98, RET – carrion, V. Carney & K. Scott (1 ♀); Healy Falls, 18. vii. 1979, W. A. Attwater (1 ♂, 2 ♀); Healy Falls, 7. vii. 1979, horse dung, W. A. Attwater (3 ♂, 8 ♀ **); Heckston, 24. vi – 21. vii. 1984, FIT, M. Kaulbars (1 ♀); Hilton Beach, 10. x – 24. xii. 87, cedar swamp, pan tps., J. E. Swann (1 ♂); Mer Bleue, 21 – 26. vii. 1982, intercept tp., L. Dumouchel (1 ♂); same as previous except dated 15 – 19. ix. 1982 (1 ♀); Mer Bleue, 5 – 13. x. 1982, intercept tp., L. Dumouchel & J. Denis (1 ♀); same as previous except dated 29. ix – 5. x. 1982 (1 ♀); Mer Bleue, 27. v – 3. vi. 1982, L. Dumouchel (1 ♀); Mer Bleue, 3 – 9. vi. 1982, intercept tp., L. Dumouchel & G. Bisdee (1 ♀); Middle Is., 41 ° 41 ’ N, 82 ° 41 ’ W, 11. vi. 2003, shore, yellow pans, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀: debu 00221597); Oakville, near Hwy. 25 & Burnhamthorpe Rd., 43 ° 27 ’ 14 ” N, 79 ° 47 ’ 32 ” W, 19. viii. 2004, J. Klymko (1 ♂: debu 00240472); Orangeville, 14. ix. 1979, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Ottawa, 6. ix. 1984, swept from liquid manure pit, J. R. Vockeroth (9 ♂, 1 ♀); Ottawa, 11. vii. 1979, dog dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, 1 ♀); same as previous except dated 24. vi. 1979 (2 ♀); 12. vii. 1979 (1 ♀); 14. vi. 1979 (1 ♀); Ottawa, viii. 1979, grass pile, A. Telka (1 ♂); Patterson Lake, 21. vii. 1979, dung tp., 4 hrs near pond, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Pelee Is., Fish Point Prov. Nat. Reserve, 41 ° 44 ’ 4 N, 82 ° 40 ’ 31 W, 8. vi. 2002, muddy tire tracks, sweep, M. Buck (1 ♀: debu 00193008); Point Pelee Nat. Pk., forested area by west beach, 10 – 21. viii. 1999, malaise / pan tps., O. Lonsdale (1 ♂, debu 00011118); Point Pelee Nat. Pk., Visitor Centre, 22 – 30. vii. 2000, malaise & pans, O. Lonsdale (1 ♀: debu 01004793); Port Franks, Watson Property, 17 – 20. vi. 1996, near lake, pans, J. Skevington (1 ♀); Puslinch, 20. viii. 1982, G. M. Grant (2 ♀); Ridgetown, 10. vi. 1987, white beans, pan tp., B. Rathwell (1 ♀); Rondeau, 25. vii. 1981, dung tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *); same as previous except on deer dung (1 ♀); St. Joseph Is., Hilton Beach, 10. vii – 20. ix. 1989, sugar maple for., pig dung pans, J. E. Swann (1 ♂: debu 00102621); St. Marys, 4. v. 82, car net, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Washago, 44 ° 44.76 ’ N, 85 ° 18.73 ’ W, RET 4 A: control, 03 – 11. v. 98, Cristopherson (1 ♀); Washago, 44 ° 44.76 ’ N, 85 ° 18.73 ’ W, PAN 6 B: carrion tp., 03 – 11. v. 98, Cristopherson (1 ♂); Washago, 44 ° 44.76 ’ N, 85 ° 18.73 ’ W, PAN 6 B: carrion tp., 10 – 19. v. 98, Cristopherson (1 ♀); Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 18 – 19. vi. 2002, on dung, O. Lonsdale (1 ♀: debu 01118682); Wylde Lk. Bog, 8 km E of Arthur, 16 – 22. vi. 1987, W 4 E pt 4, floating mat, D. Blades (1 ♂ *). QC: Hull, 21. ix. 1983, wet flooded for., L. Dumouchei (1 ♀ *). COLOMBIA: Antioquia, Venecia, 1335 m, ii. 1984, manure pile, O. Piedrahita (1 ♂, CNCI). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Estac. Cacao, 1000 – 1400 m, Lado suroeste del Volcan Cacao, II curso Parataxon, vi. 1990, LN 823300,375700 (1 ♂, INBC); Guanacaste, Estac. Mengo, SW side Volcan Cacao, 85 28 ’ 10 ” W, 10 55 ’ 43 ” N, 1100 m, ii. 1989, GNP Biodiversity Survey (1 ♀, INBC); Guanacaste Ref. Nac. Fauna Silvestre Rafael Lucas Rodriguez, Palo Verde, 10 m, Nov. 1990, D. Acevedo, LN 259000,388400 (4 ♂, 7 ♀, INBC); Limón, Circuito Reviente Pecho Espavel, R. B. Hitoy Cerere, 150 – 650 m, 12. x. 1993, LS 184200 _ 643300 # 2377, G. Carballo, M. A. Zumbado (14 ♂, 6 ♀, INBC); San José, San Gerardo de Dota, 9 ° 33 ’ N, 83 ° 48 ’ W, 9. viii. 1995, roadside, sweep, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂: debu 00206925); San José, San Carlos, Riosparaiso Reserve, Pecari Stn., 16 km NNE of Quepos, 9 ° 33 ’ 53 ” N, 84 ° 7 ’ 32 ” W, 400 m, 22 – 27. ii. 2006, S. A. Marshall (4 ♀: debu 00259741, 00259643, 00259671, 00259601); San José, San Gerardo de Dota, near lodge, 2000 m, 9 ° 33 ’ N, 83 ° 48 ’ W, 9. viii. 1995. stream in pasture, sweeping, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂: debu 00176578; 2 ♀: 00176580, 00176586); San José, San Gerardo de Dota, 2000 m, 9. viii. 95, stream, in pasture near lodge, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂); San José, Zurqui de Moravia, 1600 m, v. 1991, P. Hanson (1 ♂). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Barahona, 4 km E of Barahona, 28 – 29. ix. 1985, dung, R. F. Woodruff (1 ♂); La Cienega 2 nd refugia, 12. i. 1989, dung, J. E. Swaan (5 ♂, 5 ♀); Monte Cristi, 3 km N of Villa Elisa, 1 – 3. x. 85, dung, R. E. Woodruff (4 ♂); Pedernales, La Abeja, 38 km NNW of Cabo Rojo, 18 – 09 N, 71 – 38 W, 1250 m, 15. vii. 1987, J. E. Rawlins & R. E. Davidson (2 ♂, 1 ♀, CMNH); Puerto Plata, 22. i. 1989, sweep on wet trail, S. A. Marshall (3 ♂, 3 ♀); San Juan, El Capa, 1 km off rd. to Vallejuela, 21. v. 1985, 81 tp., Nunez, Woodruff & Stanger (5 ♂). ECUADOR: Napo, SierrAzul Reserve, 14 km. W of Cosanga, 2200 m, 0 ° 40 ’ 55 S, 77 ° 56 ’ 9 W, 9. v. 2002, O. Lonsdale (2 ♀: debu 00195604, 00186777); same as previous except 9 – 11. v. 2002 (2 ♀: debu 00180380, 00180320); 9 – 10. v. 2002, malaise, Buck & Paiero (2 ♀: debu 00202516, 00202664); Napo, SierrAzul Reserve, 14 km W of Cosanga, 5. xi. 1999, sweeping disturbed trail, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂: debu 00115156 * – ill; 3 ♀: 00115155, 00115162 – w, 00115116); Napo / Pichincha, Papallacta Pass, 4200 m, 0 19 ’ 15 S, 78 11 ’ 51 W, 29. iv – 11. v. 2002, paramo, yellow pans, Marshall & Buck, (1 ♂, debu 00202177); Pichincha, Maquipucuna Bio. Reserve, 1200 m 0 ° 7 ’ 34 N, 78 ° 37 ’ 57 W, 27 – 28. iv. 2002, sweep, M. Buck, (1 ♂: debu 00195256 – w; 1 ♀: 00202864). GUATEMALA: Baha Verapaz 6.6 km W of Chilasco, 1700 m, 30. v. 1991, dung, H. Howden (1 ♀). HONDURAS: L. de Yajoa, 2600 ’, 1 – 2. vi. 1994, dung tp., Howden? (1 ♂). JAMAICA: Montego Bay, 18. i. 1985, ex. horse manure, J. E. Corrigan (10 ♂, 6 ♀); Olar. Portland Ridge, 11 – 15. viii. 1974, for., S. Peck (1 ♂); St. Ann, Discovery Bay, 3 – 6. ix. 1974, dung, S. Peck (1 ♂); St. Catherine, 28. vii – 1. viii. 1974, dung under trees in horse pasture, Peck (7 ♂). MEXICO: Campeche, 87 mi. E of Escarcega, 800 ’, 8 – 14. viii. 1971, trop. semi – evergreen, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♀); Coahuila, Boquillas, 24 – 26. ix. 1979, pig dung tp., R. E. Woodruff, G. Fincher (18 ♂, 29 ♀); Jalisco, 14 mi. W of Atenquique, hardwood for., 7900 ’, dung, A. Newton (4 ♂); Jalisco, 18 mi. W Atenquique fir for., 9300 ’, dung, A. Newton (2 ♂); Mexico State, 1 mi. E of Ixtapan de la Sal, 6200 ’, km. 78, 31. viii – 6. ix. 1971, trop / Dec / Jun, human dung, Newton (1 ♂); Mexico State, 1 mi. NE of Tenancingo, 7100 ’, 31. viii – 6. ix. 1971, oak pine medr., human dung, A. Newton (3 ♀); Morelos, 4 mi. W of Tres Cumbres, 9000 ’, km 6 3 / 4, 29. viii. – 4. ix. 1971, oak, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂); Morelos, 4 mi. S of Tres Cumbres, km 57 3 / 4, 8500 ’, 29. viii – 4. ix. 1971. human dung, A. Newton (1 ♀); Morelos, 7 mi. W of Tres Cumbres, 9600 ’, km. 12, 29. viii – 4. ix. 1971, oak fine fir dung, A. Newton (1 ♂). PUERTO RICO: Toro Nepro Nat. For., Rd. 143, km. 2.5, 3 – 4. vii. 1977, human dung tp., J. Micheli & R. E. Woodruff (1 ♂). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: AZ: Cochise Co., 5100 ’, Coronado Nat. For., Chiricahau Mt. Stewart cpgd., 16 – 18. viii. 1984, road dung, L. B. Carlson (13 ♂, 19 ♀); Cochise Co., Coronado Nat. Mon., 11 – 15. viii. 1984, dung tp., B. V. Brown (30 ♂, 61 ♀); Cochise Co., Coronado Nat. For., Coronado Nat. Mem., 11 – 15. viii. 1984, dung tp., L. B. Carlson (1 ♂, 5 ♀); Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts., 6 mi ESE of Portal, 4150 ’, 1. ix. 1970, desert grass, human dung, A. Newton (4 ♂, 8 ♀); Cochise Co., Chiracahua Mts., 7000 ’, 15 – 21. vii. 1978, dung, O. Kukal (1 ♂); Cochise Co., Chiracahua Mts., 15 – 21. viii. 1978, dung, O. Kukal (3 ♂); Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts ,, 6000 ’, Miller Canyon, ix. 1970, oak woodland, dung, A. Newton (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., Carr Canyon., 7100 ’, 1. x. 1970, oak & evergreen, human dung, A. Newton (24 ♂, 18 ♀); Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., Ramsey Canyon, 5600 ’, ix. 1970, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♀); Cochise Co., near Portal, Stewart cpgd., 16 – 19. viii. 1984, dung tps., B. V. Brown (5 ♂); Cochise Co., Miller Canyon, 3. vi. 1991, sweep along trail, J. E. Swann (1 ♂); Cochise Co., SWRS, 18 – 23. viii. 1984, dung tp., B. V. Brown (2 ♂, 3 ♀); Cochise Co., Portal, SWRS, 18 – 23. viii. 1984, mushroom tps., B. V. Brown (1 ♀); Cochise Co., Portal, SWRS, Chiricahua Mts., 18 – 23. viii. 1984, FIT, B. V. Brown (1 ♂, 5 ♀); same as previous except yellow pan (2 ♀); Coronado Co., Bonito Pk., near Flagstaff, 5 – 9. viii. 1984, dung tp., B. V. Brown (5 ♂); Graham Co., 2.4 mi W on Hwy 336 from Hwy 191, 3800 ’, 19 – 26. viii. 1993, J. B. O’Hara (1 ♀); Pima Co., Santa Catalina Mts., Mt. Lemmon, 9000 ’, dung, A. Newton (1 ♀); Pima Co., Santa Catalina Mts., Mt. Lemmon, 9000 ’, viii. 72, fir for., dung tps., A. Newton (1 ♂); Santa Cruz Co., 7 mi. WNW of Nogales, Calabase Canyon, 3850 ’, ix. 1972, desert grass dung, A. Newton (3 ♀); same as previous except desert grass dung (2 ♂); Santa Cruz Co., 8 mi NNW of Nogales, Walker Canyon, 3900 ’, ix. 1970, oak woodland, dung, A. Newton (7 ♂, 7 ♀); Santa Cruz Co., Patagonia Lk. St. Pk., 9 – 11. viii. 1984, dung tp., B. V. Brown (11 ♂, 17 ♀); Santa Cruz Co., Patagonia Lk. Rec. Area, 4500 ’, 9 – 11. viii. 1984, dung tp., L. Carlson (2 ♂, 3 ♀); Santa Cruz Co., Santa Rita Mts., Madera Canyon, 5500 ’, ix. 1970 oak, human dung, A. Newton (15 ♂ *, 4 ♀). AR: Garland Co., 1.2 mi. N, 6 – 8. iii. 1977, pig dung tp., Woodruff & Wiley (3 ♂, 5 ♀); Montgomery Co., 20 mi. W Glenwood, T 45 R 27 W, 15. vi. – 28. vii. 1994, H. W. Robinson (1 ♀); Montgomery Co., 5.4 mi. E Ida Hwy 270, 6 – 8. iii. 1977, pig dung tp., Woodruff & Wiley (4 ♂, 20 ♀); Polk Co., 13 mi. NW of Mena Rich Mt., 2800 ’, 1 – 3. vi. 1979, mesic oak hickory, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Scott Co., 7 mi. E Y City, Jct., Hwy 270 & Rt 71 on 270, 6 – 8. iii. 1977, pig dung tp., Woodruff & Wiley (4 ♂, 4 ♀); Wash Co., Devils Den St. Pk., Devils Den Cave, 28 – 31. v. 1979, S. & J. Peck (2 ♂, 1 ♀ *); same as previous except dung (1 ♀); Wash Co., 3 mi. S of Devils Den St. Pk., 28 – 31. v. 1979, oak – hickory, S. & J. Peck (11 ♂ *, 6 ♀). CO: Roatte Co., 5 mi. NE of Clark Hinman cpgd., 7600 ’, 23 – 25. vi. 1972, dung tp. (1 ♀). FL: Alachua Co., 6. iii. 1980, on cow dung, J. Givinski (1 ♀); Alachua Co., Gainesville, 2 – 5. vii. 1982, pig dung, horse pasture, K. L. Rench (1 ♂, 7 ♀); Alachua Co., Gainesville, Hogtown Ck., 12. x. 1976, P. M. Choate & R. E. Woodruff (3 ♂, 3 ♀); Alachua Co., Rd. 136., 8. v. 1983, pig dung tp., K. W. Vick (3 ♂, 1 ♀); Archbold Bio. Stn., 12 – 16. xii. 1985, dung pan, scrub – sand, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, 2 ♀); Archbold Bio. Stn., 17 – 21. xii. 1985, scrub dung, S. A. Marshall; (3 ♂, 2 ♀); Archbold Bio. Stn., 12 – 16. xii. 1985, scrub, dung pitfall tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Highlands Co., 3 mi N of Avon Pk., 14 – 18. vi. 1982, pig dung tps. in sabal scrub, R. E. Woodruff & K. L. Rench (1 ♂, 4 ♀); same as previous except pig dung tps. in gopher burrow (2 ♂, 3 ♀); Highlands Co., 7 mi. NE of Cornwell, 14 – 18. vi. 1982, pig dung tps. in pasture R. E. Woodruff & K. L. Rench (1 ♀); Highlands Co., Highlands Hammock St. Pk., orange grove, 14 – 18. vi. 1982, pig dung, Woodruff & Rench (3 ♀); Highlands Co., Lk. Placid, 2 – 3. xi. 1983, pig dung tp., R. E. Woodruff (2 ♀); Polk Co., Rt. 27, 7 mi. N of I 4, 2 – 3. xi. 1983, pig dung tp., R. E. Woodruff (4 ♂, 5 ♀); Manatee Co., Longboat Key, 3 – 4. vii. 1983, pig dung tps., R. E. Woodruff (2 ♂, 2 ♀); Marion Co., Ocala Nat. For., Oklawaha Swamp, 11 – 12. vi. 1984, dung tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Liberty Co., 10 mi. SW of Juniper, Rt. 12, 26. iii. 1983, pig dung, turkey – oak, Woodruff & Thomas (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Okaloosa Co., 4.5 mi. N of Holt, Blackwater R. State For., A & M Res. Stn., 15 – 17. vi. 1978, pig dung, L. Stange; (2 ♀ *); Orange Co., E Orlando, 2 – 3. vii. 1982, pig dung, sand – pine scrub, Woodruff (1 ♀); Suwannes Co., 8.7 mi. W of O’Brien, S 349, 25. iv. 1977, pig dung tp. # 6, gopher tortoise burrow, Woodruff & Woley, (1 ♂). GA: Clinch Co., 8 mi. S of Fargo, US 441, 5 – 25. vi. 1984, dung tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Rabun Co., Black Rock Mtn. St. Pk., 26 – 27. vi. 1984, human dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂). HI: Maui Is., Haleakala, Crater Paliku pasture, 1980 m, 16. iv. 1998 (1 ♂); Waipio Valley, 26. xii. 1996, sweep along road, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, 1 ♀). IN: Lawrence Co., Hoosier Nat. For., Donaldson Trail, 19. v. 1991, J. E. Swann, (1 ♂, 38 ♀). KY: Whitley Co., Cumberland Falls St. Pk., 29 – 30. vi. 1984, dung tp., S. A. Marshall (2 ♀). LA: East Baton Rouge Par., 16. iv. 1999, black bear carrion, E. J. Watson (1 ♂, debu 00153121). NH: Strafford CCo., 1 mi. SW of Durham, 24. vii – 6. viii. 1987, D. S. Chandler (1 ♀). NJ: Burlington Co., Delanco, Hawk Is., 2 – 16. vi. 1969, scrub hardwoods, dung, A. Newton (1 ♂). NM: Bernalillo Co., 7 mi. S of Tijerus, 2400 ’, 23 – 26. viii. 1975, carrion tp., pinyon – juniper, S. Peck (4 ♂, 4 ♀); Bernalillo Co., Isleta, 4900 ’, 16 – 20. vi. 1979, floodplain for., carrion, S & J Peck (3 ♂, 5 ♀). NC: Bladen Co., Singletary Lk. St. Pk., 34 ° 35 ’ 00 ” N, 78 ° 27 ’ 30 ” W, 19 – 22. v. 2003, pan tps., Marshall & Paiero (1 ♂: debu 00252170); same as previous except malaise (1 ♂: debu 00227364); Jackson Co., Blue Ridge Pkwy., Grassy Ridge Mine Overlook, 5250 ’, 5 – 27. vi. 1984, mushroom tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♀). OH: Champaign Co., 6 mi. NW of Urbana Hume’s Woods, 1 – 5. vi. 1977, pig dung, R. E. Woodruff (2 ♀); Champaign Co., 6 mi. NW of Urbana Hume’s Woods, 1 – 5. vi. 1977, R. E. Woodruff (2 ♂, 1 ♀). OK: Lattimer Co., 5 mi. W of Red Oak, 15 – 21. v. 1977, dung tp., K. Stephen (3 ♂, 12 ♀); same as previous except 5 – 11. vi. 1977 (2 ♀ * – ill.); 8 – 14. v. 1977, dung (2 ♂, 7 ♀); Murray Co., Sulphur, Chickasaw Rec. area, 3 – 5. vi. 1979, woody ck. bottom, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Wichita Mts., 5 – 7. vi. 1979, dung tps. (1 ♀). PA: Trout Run, 28. ix. 1979, dog dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂). SC: Columbia, Riverbanks Zoo & Botanical Gardens, N 34 ° 00.582 ’, W 81 ° 04.560 ’, 22. vi. 2007, M. P. Nelder (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Greenville, Greenville Zoo, N 34 ° 50.581 ’, W 82 ° 23.237 ’, 14. ix. 04, M. P. Nelder (1 ♂, 4 ♀); same as previous except dated, 29. v. 2007 (1 ♂). TX: Angelina Co., Angelina Nat. For., Boykin Cemetery, 13 – 17. vi. 1993, spring fen, dung, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂: debu 00128175, 00128205; 3 ♂); Angelina St. For., Bouton Lk. cpgd., 12 – 14. vi. 1993, dung / vac. tps., S. A. Marshall; (1 ♀); Big Bend Nat. Pk., Bouquilias Crossing, 25 – 26. ix. 1975, pig dung tp., R. Woodruff & G. Fincher (3 ♂); Bouton Lk., 13 – 17. vi. 1993, dung / vac. tps., S. A. Marshall, (1 ♂, 2 ♀); Brewster Co., 3.5 mi. E of Marathon, 26 – 27. ix. 1979, dung tp., R. Woodruff & G. Fincher (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Terrell Co., 30 mi. E of Sanderson, 23 – 27. ix. 1979, on pig dung, B. Woodruff & B. Fincher (1 ♀); Warren, Kirby St. For., 12 – 17. vi. 1993, dung tps., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂). UT: Duchesne Co., Mirror Lk., 10300 ’, 30. vii – 12. viii. 1979, S. & J. Peck, spruce fir meadow, carrion malaise (12 ♂, 24 ♀); Daggett Co., Dutch John, 6300 ’, 2 – 8. viii. 1979, pinyon juniper, woodland, carrion, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Summit Co., Henrys Fork cpgd., 1 – 10. viii. 1979, pine – aspen at stream, willows carrion – malaise, S. & J. Peck, (1 ♀); Summit Co., Wasatch For., Bear Riv. cpgd., 8400 ’, 30. vii – 11. viii. 1979, malaise, streamside, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Summit Co., NW side of Gilbert Peak, 11500 – 12500 ’, 1 – 10. viii. 1979, tundra, carrion, S. & J. Peck (3 ♂ *, 5 ♀). WY: Big Horn Co., 10 mi. E of Lovell, 3800 ’, 17 – 26. viii. 1979, sagegrass – barren carrion, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Big Horn Co., 30 mi E of Lovell, 9000 ’, 18 – 26. viii. 1979, spruce fir carrion, S. & J. Peck, (1 ♀); Crook Co., Black Hills Nat. For., Cook Lk. Conservation. Area Rd., 2.5 km. E of cpgd., 4 – 21. viii. 1980, pan tps., cow dung, rocky hillside, pines, J. E. Swann (1 ♂); Uinta Co., 6 mi. E of Mt. View, 6800 ’, 1 – 11. viii. 1979, sagebrush, S. & J. Peck (3 ♂); Uinta Co., 8 mi. E of Mt. View, 6800 ’, 1 – 11. viii. 1979, sagebrush, S. & J. Peck (2 ♀); Uinta Co., 8 mi. SE of Evanston, 7100 ’, 30. vii – 11. viii. 1979, carrion, sage – grass, riparian, S. & J. Peck (8 ♂ *, 3 ♀); Sublette Co., Daniel, 7200 ’, 16 – 22. viii. 1979, carrion sagebrush steppe, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂). RUSSIA: SIBERIA: Altai Reg., Gorno Altai, 9. vii. 1991, roadside sweeps near riv., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Altai Reg., 50 km. SE of Teletskoya Lk., 1500 m, 11 – 12. vii. 91, pans, wet meadow springs, open area, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Altai Reg., 50 km. SE of Teletskoya Lk., 1500 m, 11 – 16. vii. 1991, pans in balsam litter (fresh), S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Altai Reg., Teletskoya Lk., 16. vii. 91, swept over mud, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂); Altai Reg., Teletskoya Lk., 11 – 16. vii. 1991, carrion tp., S. A. Marshall (2 ♂); Gorno Altai, 9. vii. 91, roadside sweeps near riv., S. A. Marshall; (2 ♂); Novosibirsk Reg., Chany Lake Bio. Stn., 3. vii. 1991, on flowers, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Novosibirsk Reg., 22. vi. 1991, cow dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂). VENEZUELA: Merida, St. Mucuchies, Tr. 5 km S of Paramo near lk., 4000 m, 28 – iv – 1988. under Espeletia debris, S. A. Marshall (15 ♂, 8 ♀); Trujillo, Guaramacal Nat. Pk., 2000 – 3000 m, 26. viii. – 1. ix. 1992, car net, L. Masner (1 ♂: debu 00152859; 1 ♀: 00152835).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFCBFFF4E4D8FD7FAEF166C4.taxon	materials_examined	ARGENTINA: Santa Fe, 26 km. S of Reconquista, Rt. 11, 2 km. NE of Berna, 20 – 21. ii. 1980, pig dung tps., R. E. Woodruff (1 ♂). BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro, Teresopolis, Pedra do Sino, ~ 2000 m, 14. iii. 1990, human dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀). CANADA: AB: Jumping Pound Creek, 10. viii. 1980, S. A. Marshall, (1 ♂); Wagner Bog, 10 – 16. vii. 1985, pan tp. 13, Leg, A. T. Finnamore (1 ♂ *, PMAE); same as previous except pan tp. 2 (1 ♀, PMAE); 28. viii. – 10. ix. 1985, pan tp. 1 (1 ♂, PMAE); 28. viii. – 10. ix. 1985, pan tp. 2 (1 ♂, PMAE); 28. viii. – 10. ix. 1985, pan tp. 3 (1 ♀, PMAE). MB: 17 km. N of Woodbridge on Hwy 210, Sandilands Prov. For., 5. vii. 1987, R. Roughley (2 ♂). NB: St. Andrews, 11 – 13. vi. 1978, old bedroom, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); St. Andrews, 15. vii. 1978, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); St. Andrews, Gibson Lake, 11. viii. 1978, pitfall tps., S. A. Marshall (2 ♂). NS: Cape Breton Highland Nat. Pk., N Mt., 400 m, 10. viii. 1983, PG 766864 fen pan tp., J. Martin (1 ♀). ON: 3 km. S of Canfield, 7 – 13. ix. 1986, J. Troubridge (1 ♂); 12.4 km. NNE of Searchmont, mi. 10 Whitman Dam Rd., 7. vii. 1986, dead Marmota, K. N. Barber (1 ♂, 2 ♀); same as previous except human dung (1 ♂); Alfred, 10. v. 1981, bog, moose dung, Peck & Anderson (1 ♀); Algoma Distr., Hilton Beach, 10. vii – 20. viii. 1989, cedar swamp, pig dung pans, J. E. Swann (1 ♀: debu 00184634); same as previous except red oak for., pig dung pans (2 ♂: debu 00184353, 00184803; 1 ♀: debu 00184297); Algonquin Prov. Pk., Swan Lk. Stn., Scott Lk. Survey, 15 – 31. viii. 1994, A 5 Sphagnum (1 ♂); same as previous except C 5 Shore Pan tp. (1 ♂); 23 – 30. vi. 1994, A 5 shore pans (3 ♂ – w, 3 ♀); 23 – 30. vi. 1994, A 3 Sphagnum malaise tp., (1 ♂); 23 – 30. vi. 1994, C 3 Sphagnum (1 ♀); 28. vii. 1995, A 3 Transition, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); 28. vii. 1995, D 2 Hemlock pan tps., S. A. Marshall & D. C. Caloren (2 ♀); Algonquin Prov. Pk., Swan Lk. Stn., Scott Lk. Survey, 45 ° 29 ’ 15 ” N, 78 ° 43 ’ 20 ” W, 2 – 12. vii. 1993, malaise C 9, hardwood, Larson, Marshall, & Bar (1 ♂); Algonquin Prov. Pk., Arowhon Rd., Simm’s Pit, 45 ° 34 ’ 19 ” N, 78 ° 42 ’ 41 ” W, 15 – 16. viii. 2002, yellow pans, M. Buck (1 ♂: debu 00225846); Arkell, 20. vi. 1956, D. H. Pengelly (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Bel fountain, 10. vi. 1981, mushroom, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Bruce Co., Covelt, 45 ° 18 ’ N, 81 ° 46 ’ W, 26. vii – 31. viii. 1995, malaise, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Bruce Co., Dunks Bay, 7 – 20. vi. 1999, shoreline, malaise, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀: debu 00080873); Bruce Co., Inverhuron Prov. Pk., 44 ° 17 ’ 50 ” N, 81 ° 35 ’ 27 ” W, 20. vii – 20. viii. 2003, back dunes, malaise, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂: debu 00236446; 1 ♀: debu 00236959); Cambridge, Res. Stn., 19. vi. 1990, malaise tp. (1 ♀) Carleton Co., Ottawa, 8. vi. 1987, rich garden (many plant spp.), H. Goulet (1 ♀: debut 00148904); Chaffeys Locks, Queens Univ. Bio. Stn., 12. ix. 1980, human dung, field, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂); Crieff Fen, 3 km. W of Puslinch, 22. vi – 11. vii. 1988, pan tp. 3 x sedge F 3 xC, D. Blades (1 ♀): same as previous except 17. viii – 10. ix. 1988, sedge meadow F 3 xF (1 ♂); Damascus, 21. ix. 1976, J. M. Cumming (1 ♂); Dundas, 22. vi, 1978, Dael Morris (1 ♀); Essex Co., Middle Is., 41 ° 41 ’ N, 82 ° 41 ’ W, 11. vi. 2003, store, yellow pans, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂: debu 00221591; 2 ♀: 00221580, 00222059); Fergus, 1. vi. 1990, malaise tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Fergus, 6 – 9. vi. 1992, black composter S. A. Marshall; (1 ♂); same as previous except dated 31. v. 1992 (1 ♂); 9 – 12. vi. 1992 (1 ♀); 18 – 21. vi. 1992 (1 ♂); 25. iv – 1. v. 1993 (1 ♀); Fergus, 6 – 8. vii. 1993, black composter, D. C. Caloren (1 ♀); same as previous except dated 1 – 4. vii. 1993 (1 ♂); 5 – 9. viii. 1993 (1 ♀); 22 – 24. vi. 1993 (1 ♂); 25 – 28. vii. 1993 (1 ♀); 17 – 19. vii. 1993 (1 ♀); Griffith, 7 mi. E, 19. vii. 1990, B. B. Cooper (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNCI); Guelph, 1984, composter, B. Higgins (212 ♂, 159 ♀ *, 10?); Guelph, 15. v. 1975, P. R. Heels (1 ♀); Guelph, 15. vii. 1976, D. Levin (1 ♀); Guelph, 15. ix. 1992, house light, D. G. Bennett (1 ♂); Guelph, 17. vi. 1983, grass pile, S. A. Marshall (3 ♂, 3 ♀); Guelph, 22. viii. 1977, K. Barber (1 ♀); same as previous except dated 20. vi. 1977 (1 ♀); 5 – 30. vi. 1982, malaise tp. (2 ♂); Guelph, 27. ix. 1984, B. Sinclair (3 ♂, 3 ♀); Guelph, 27. iv – 21. v. 1980, pan tp., K. N. Barber (1 ♂); Guelph, Arboretum Nature Reserve, 28. v. 1992, R. W. Burgess (2 ♂); Guelph, Arboretum, 12 – 14. vii. 1984, field, mushroom tps., B. V. Brown (1 ♂); Guelph, Arboretum, 26. iv. – 2. v. 1984, mushroom tps., deciduous, B. V. Brown (1 ♂); Guelph, Hanlon Conservation Area, 25. vi. 1984, mushroom bait tp., K. Gilbert (1 ♂); Guelph, Arboretum S, 01 – 10. viii. 1993, malaise tp. at edge of field / mixed for., D. C. Caloren (1 ♀); Guelph. UofG Arboretum, 21 – 27. viii. 1984, dead insect baited tps., B. V. Brown (1 ♂); Haldimand – Norfolk Reg., Delhi – Simcoe Railway, site 2, 11 – 14. vii. 2001, yellow pans, S. Paiero (1 ♂: debu 01105587); Hald – Norfolk Reg., Manester Tract, 6 km. NNW of St. Williams, 8. vi. 2001, for., dung pans, M. Buck (6 ♂: debu 00158239, 00158116, 00158205, 00158210, 00158217, 00158170; 6 ♀: 00158131, 00158198, 00158165, 00158153 *, 00158178 * – ill, 00158138 *); Hald – Norfolk Reg., Manester Tract, 6 km. NNW of St. Williams, 15. vi. 2001, for., decayed shrimps pans, Buck, Paiero & McKendry (1 ♀ *: debu 00158568 *); Halton Reg., Milton, Derry Rd. & 4 th Line, 12 – 16. vii. 2001, grass field, yellow pans, S. Paiero (1 ♂: debu 00172154); same as previous except 23 – 24. vi. 2001 (1 ♂: debu 00174970); Hamilton – Wentworth Reg., Flamborough, 5 th Conc., Lawson Farm, 43 18 ’ 58 ” N, 80 2 ’ 26 ” W, 25 – 26. ix. 2002, M. Buck (1 ♂ *: debu 00224756 * – ill); Hamilton Royal Botanical Gardens, 15. vi. 1998, RET – carrion, V. Carney & K. Scott (2 ♂, 2 ♀); same as previous except dated 01. v. 1998 (1 ♀); Hamilton, 1. vii. 1980; malaise tp., M. Sanborne (1 ♀); Heckston, 20 km. SE of Kemptville, 24. vi – 21. vii. 1984, FIT, M. Kaulbars (1 ♀); Hilton Beach, 6. v. – 10. vi. 1989, sugar maple for. pan tps .., pig dung, J. E. Swann (1 ♂); Hilton Beach yB, 6. v. – 10. vi. 1989, sugar maple for. pan tps., pig dung, J. E. Swann (1 ♀); Hilton Township, Tenby Bay, 27. vi. 1992, malaise at edge of lakeshore & poplar for., Leg, J. E. Swann (1 ♂); Iron Bridge, 5. viii. 1981, bear dung, S. Marshall (3 ♀); Kent Co., Rondeau Prov. Pk., South Point Trail near E parking lot, 42 ° 15 ’ 42 ” N, 81 ° 50 ’ 49 ” W, 17. vi – 3. vii. 2003, savanna, malaise, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀: debu 01137071); Kent Co., Rondeau Prov. Pk., Visitor Centre, 42 ° 46 ’ 50 N, 81 ° 50 ’ 38 W, 16 – 17. vi. 2003, mercury vapou light, M. Buck (1 ♂: debu 01125190); Lambton Co., Port Franks, Watson Property near lk., 31. vii. – 06. viii. 1996, pans, J. Skevington (1 ♂, 1 ♀); same as previous except dated 25 – 31. vii. 1996 (1 ♀ *); Lambton Co., Port Franks, Karner Blue Sanctuary, 19 – 26. viii. 1996, pans, J. Skevington (1 ♂); same as previous except dated 10 – 15. vii. 1996 (1 ♂ *); 25 – 30. vii. 1996 (1 ♂); Marmora, 27. vi. 1957, K. D. Southern (1 ♀); same as previous except dated 18. vi. 1957 (1 ♀); Mattawa, Champlain Prov. Pk., 2 – 30. ix. 1979, mixed for. carrion, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀ *); Meaford, 20. v. 1981, compost box, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Mer Bleue, 21. v – 3. vi. 1982, L. Dumouchel (1 ♀); Mer Bleue, 23 – 28. vi. 1982, intercept tp., L. Dumouchel & G. Bisdee (1 ♂); same data as previous except dated 14 – 23. vi. 1982 (3 ♂); Muskoka Distr., Muldrew Lk., near Gravenhurst, 29. v – 4. vi. 2006, O. Lonsdale (2 ♂: debu 00263569, 00263601); Oliver Bog, 3 km. S of Galt 25. vi – 16. vii. 1988 pt 4 – for. V 4 C D. Blades; (2 ♂); same as previous except 26. ix – 25. xi. 1988, pan tp. 1, sedge pond, V 1 G (1 ♀); Ottawa, vii. 1990, bus shelter, J. R. Vockeroth; (1 ♂ *, CNCI); Ottawa, x. 1990, J. R. Vockeroth (1 ♂); Ottawa, 6. ix. 1984, swept from liquid manure pit, J. R. Vockeroth (4 ♂, 4 ♀); Owell, 14. vi. 1978 D. Morris; (1 ♀); Point Pelee, 30. vi. 1978, W. A. Attwater (2 ♀); Point Pelee, 22. vii. 1979, K. N. Barber (1 ♀); Point Pelee Nat. Pk., forested area by W beach, 10 – 21. viii. 1999, malaise / pan tps., O. Lonsdale (1 ♀: debu 00011244); Point Pelee Nat. Pk., Visitor’s Centre, 22 – 29. v. 2000, malaise & pan tps., O. Lonsdale (1 ♀: debu 01001986); Puslinch, 1. vii. 1983, malaise, Coote & Marshall (1 ♀, 1 ♂); Puslinch, 20. viii. 1982, G. M. Grant (1 ♀); Puslinch, 30. vi – 2. vii. 1984, maple swamp malaise tp., Coote & Marshall (1 ♂); Sarnia, 8. vii. 1976, J. Heraty (1 ♀); Shirleys Bay, 15 km W of Ottawa, 15 – 30. vi. 1984, FIT, M. Kaulbars (1 ♂ *); same as previous except dated 1 – 15. vii. 1984 (1 ♂); Simcoe, 9. vi. 1987, snap beans pan tp., B. Rathwell (2 ♂ *); Simcoe Co., Washago, 44 ° 44.76 ’ N, 85 ° 18.73 ’ W, 10 – 19. ix. 1998, PAN 5 B: carrion tp., Christopherson (1 ♂); same as previous except 04 – 11. vi. 1998, PAN 3 B: carrion (1 ♂); 19 – 26. iv. 1998, PAN 4 B: carrion tp. (1 ♀); PAN 4 B, carrion tp. (1 ♀); 04 – 11. vi. 1998, PAN 5 B, carrion tp. (1 ♂); 23. vii – 13. viii. 1998, PAN 6 B, control tp. (1 ♀); 03 – 11. viii. 1998, PAN 6 B, carrion tp. (3 ♂); 03 – 11. viii. 1998, PAN 4 B, carrion tp. (1 ♂); Sault Ste Marie, Bristol Place, 21. viii. 1987, grass clippings, K. Barber (1 ♂); Stoufville, 5 – 13. v. 1983, malaise pan, B. V. Brown (1 ♀); Wainfleet Bog, 8 km. S of Welland, 21 – 27. vi. 1988, pan tp. 1, north ditch, N 1 A, A. String (1 ♂); Windsor, ~ 1.5 km. S of Ojibway Prairie, 15. v – 1. vi. 2001, forest – prairie edge, malaise, S. Paiero (1 ♂ *: debu 01109597 * illustr); same as previous except 30. vi – 17. vii. 2001, P. Pratt (1 ♀: debu 01112835); Windsor, ~ 1.5 km. S of Ojibway Prairie, 5 – 12. vi. 2001, private prairie, malaise, S. Paiero, (2 ♀: debu 01104536, 01104378); same as previous except 12 – 19. vi. 2001, malaise (1 ♂: debu 01103965); Windsor, 19. v. 1976, J. Heraty (1 ♀); Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 18 – 19. vi. 2002, on dung, O. Lonsdale (3 ♀: debu 01118685, 01118683, 01118213); Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 29. vi – 3. vii. 2001, unburnt for., yellow pans, S. M. Paiero (1 ♂: debu 01111930); Wylde Lk. Bog, 8 k E of Arthur, 23 – 29. vi. 1987, W 4 F pan trap 4 floating mat, D. Blades (1 ♂ *); same as previous except 16 – 22. vi. 1987 (1 ♀); 21 – 27. vii. 1987, W 2 sJ pan trap 2 a, sedge meadow (1 ♀); 30. vi – 6. vii. 1987, W 2 B 8 pan tp. 2 b, sedge meadow (1 ♀). QC: Gatineaus Pk., Lac Mousseau, 9. vi. 1980, Davies (1 ♂); Hull Waterfront, 9. viii. 1998, E. Dunlop (1 ♀). SK: Grant N, grasslands Nat. Pk., 08. viii. 1998, dead cow C, leg, C. Christopherson (1 ♂). COLOMBIA: Antioquia, La Ceja, 2100 m, 3. ii. 1984, manure pile (2 ♂ *, 2 ♀). CZECH REPUBLIC: Jezinek Mountains, Velka Kotina Valley, 900 – 1100 m, 18. viii. 1986, S. A. Marshall (3 ♂, 1 ♀); same as previous except dated 24. viii. 1990 (1 ♂). ENGLAND: E. Suffolk, Westhall, Sunnyside Farm TM, 27 – 28. ix. 1980, 404 818, pig dung on field, B. R. Pitkin (3 ♂, 2 ♀). HONDURAS: El Zamorano F. M., 19 – 22. vii. 1970, G. F. Freytag (1 ♀); El Zamorano, xi – xii. 1970, B. F. Erevran (1 ♂). JAPAN: Hokkaido, 350 m Sapporo, Jozankei, 30. vi – 11. vii. 1989, MT, K. Maesto & M. Sharkey (2 ♂). MOROCCO: Marrakech Ouirgane, 1000 m, 31 ° 08 ’ N, 08 ° 05 ’ W, 4. xi. 1996, at margin of marsh, C. Kassebear (1 ♀). NEPAL: Kathmandu, Godavari, 5000 ’, 29. vii. 1967, malaise tp., Can. Exp. (1 ♂, CNCI). SPAIN: Canary Is., Isla Gomera, El Cedro, 1100 m, 1 – 3. ix. 1992, laurel for. dung tps., 92 – 338, S & J Peck (1 ♂). ST. KITTS & NEVIS: Nevis, Dasents Estate, 220 m, 28. viii – 21. ix. 1985, Malaise, citrus orchard, L. Coote (2 ♀). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: AR: Wash. Co., 3 mi S of Devils Den St. Pk., 28 – 31. v. 1979, oak – hickory, S. & J. Peck (2 ♂, 1 ♀). FL: Alachua Co., Gainesville, 2 – 5. vii. 1982, pig dung, horse pasture, K. L. Rench (1 ♂); Alachua Co., Rd. 225, 2 – 5. vii 1982, pig dung tp .. K. L. Rench (1 ♂, 2 ♀); Gainesville, UF Beef Farm, 13. vii. 1991, 1 A, G. Y. Hu, (1 ♂); Highlands Co, 3 mi. N of Avon Pk., 14 – 18. vi. 1982, pig dung tps. in sabal scrub, R. E. Woodruff & K. L. Rench (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Lee Co., 5 mi. SW of Bonita Springs, 20. v. 1982, pig dung in scrub, R. E. Woodruff (1 ♂). IL: Cook Co., Palos Pk., 13. x. 1965, Leg, H. S. Dybas (2 ♂). IN: Clark Co., 2 mi E of Memphis, 6 – 10. vi. 1983, pig dung, K. W. Vick (1 ♂); Putnam Co., near Cunot. Lieber St. Pk., 31. vii. 1984, vac. dog dung, L. B. Carlson (1 ♂, 1 ♀). KY: Edmonson Co., M. N. P. Running Branch, 17 – 25. vi. 1973, for. dung tp., S. Peck (1 ♂); Whitley Co., Cumberland Falls St. Pk., 29 – 30. vi. 1984, dung tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♀). MA: Middlesex Co., Medford, 19. vii. 1972, open for., A. Newton (2 ♂); same as previous except 7. ix – 5. x. 1969, deciduous for. (1 ♂). MN: Clearwater Co., Itasca St. Pk., 28 – 29. viii. 1979, carrion deciduous for .., S. & J. Peck (1 ♀). NH: Coos Co., 3 mi. NE East Inlet Dam, Norton Pool, 25. vi. – 9. vii. 1986, FIT, D. S. Chandler (1 ♂); Coos Co., 1 mi. NE East Inlet Dam, 8 – 21. viii. 1986, FIT, D. S. Chandler (1 ♀); Durham Co., Source Hole Bog, 22 – 25. vi. 1986, pan tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Rock Co., 1 mi. SW of Durham, 7 – 20. vii. 1987, FIT, D. S. Chandler (1 ♂); Strafford Co., Spruce Hole, 3 mi SW of Durham, 15 – 17. x. 1987, FIT, D. S. Chandler (1 ♀). NM: Catron Co., 8 mi. SE of Luna, 7500 ’, 9 – 14. vii. 1979, pond, pine at stream, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂). NY: Hamilton Co., Speculator, 5. viii. 1983, dead worms, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀). NC: Raleigh, 13. ix. 1963 from thrips culture (1 ♀); Swain Co., NE of Mt. Collins, 5900 ’, 17 – 22. v, carrion, Newton (1 ♀). ND: Billings Co., Medora, Roosevelt Nat. Pk., 27. viii. 1979, sage grassland, carrion, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀). OH: Champaign Co., 6 mi. NW of Urbana, Hume Wood, 1 – 5. vi. 1977, pig dung, R. E. Woodruff (1 ♂). SC: Cotteton St. Pk., 27. ix. – 5. x. 1983, pig dung tps., R. E. Woodruff (1 ♂); Greenville, Greenville Zoo, N 34 ° 50.581 ’, W 82 ° 23.237 ’, 12. ix. 2005, ex. elephant dung, M. P. Nelder (1 ♀). TN: Sevier Co., Greenbriar Cove, Ramsey Cascade Trail, 2700 ’ 18 – 23. v. 1972, dung, cove for., A. Newton (1 ♂ *); Sevier Co., Greenbriar Cove, Ramsey Cascade Trail, 2900 ’, cove for. (1 ♂).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFC9FFF1E4D8F997AE7F6731.taxon	materials_examined	ARGENTINA: Jujuy, Abra Pampa, 3500 m, 26. ii. 1992, llama dung, S. A. Marshall (16 ♂, 19 ♀); Jujuy, Cochinoca, 3700 m, 26. ii. 1992, sweep, small stream, llama dung, debris, S. A. Marshall (111 ♂, 120 ♀); Santa Fe, 12 km. S of Rosario, Rt 9, 19 – 21. iii. 1980, dung tps., R. F. Woodruff & H. Cordo (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Santa Fe, 26 km. S of Reconquista, Rt. 11, 2 km. NE of Berna, 20 – 21. ii. 1980, pig dung tps., R. E. Woodruff (2 ♂ **, 1 ♀); Santa Fe, Cabal 65 km N of Santa Fe, Rt. 11, 20 – 21. iii. 1980, dung, Cordo & Woodruff (1 ♀); Salta Rosario de Lerma, INESALT yard, 16 – 28. ii. 1992, malaise, S. A. Marshall (7 ♂, 12 ♀); same as previous except 17 – 28. ii. 1992, pan tps. (1 ♀); Salta Rosario de Lerma, 24. ii. 1992, swept over foul ditch, S. A. Marshall (4 ♂, 3 ♀); same as previous except 29. ii. 1992, cow dung (1 ♂, 1 ♀). BARBADOS: Turner Hall Woods, 21. ii. 1979, dung tp., S. Peck (1 ♂); Welchman Hall, Gully, ii. 1979, Leg, dung tp., S. Peck (1 ♂, 1 ♀). BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz, Campo Guairuy, 24 km S Camiri, 870 m, 18. viii – 2. ix. 2000, malaise tp., Irwin & Hauser (1 ♂: debu 00146577). BRAZIL: Paraná, Curitiba, behind Nat. History Museum, 5 – 9. ii. 1990, FIT in woods, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *); Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo Mury, 1000 m, 11. ii. 1990, swept off goat dung, open wet area, S. A. Marshall (3 ♂ *, 2 ♀); Rio de Janeiro, Teresopolis, Pedra do Sino, 2000 m, 14. iii. 1990, human dung, S. A. Marshall (26 ♂ *****, 40 ♀); same as previous except residue sweep (1 ♂ *); CANADA: AB: 10 mi. E of Patricia, 16 – 17. viii. 1980, prairie, S. A. Marshall & R. S. Anderson (1 ♂ *); Calgary, 13. vii. 1980, compost heap, S. A. Marshall (5 ♂ ***, 1 ♀); Stettler, 30. viii. 1980, S. A. Marshall (3 ♀); Wagner Bog, 25. vii. 1. viii. 1985, pan tp. 1, Leg, A. T. Finnamore (2 ♂, PMAE); same as previous except 1 – 7. viii. 1985 (1 ♂, PMAE); 28. viii. – 10. ix. 1985, pan tp. 7 (1 ♂, PMAE); BC: Ainsworth, 31. vii. 1980, sweep, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); N Shore of Shuswap lake, 50 59 ’ N, 119 06 ’ W, 400 m, 23 – 31. vii. 1987, malaise tp., O’Hara (1 ♂ *). NB: St. Andrews, 28. viii. 1978, dead seagull, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂). NS: Kingsport, 5. ix. 1980, Dondale & Redner (1 ♀). ON: 12.4 km. NNE of Searchmont, mi. 10 Whiteman Dam Rd., 2. vii. 1986, human dung, K. N. Barber (2 ♂ *); Algoma Distr., Hilton Beach, 10. vi – 8. vii. 1989, cedar swamp, pig dung pans, J. E. Swann (1 ♀: debu 00148388); same as previous except 10. vii – 18. viii. 1989, beech for., pig dung pans (1 ♂: debu 00176142; 1 ♀: 00184751); Algonquin Prov. Pk., Lk. Sasejewan, Davies Bog, 15 – 17. viii. 1988, dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, 1 ♀ *); Algonquin Prov. Pk., Swan Lk. Stn., Scott Lk. Survey, 1 – 30. ix. 1994, A 5 Sphagnum, pans (1 ♂); same as previous except 01 – 10. vii. 1994, A 3 Sphagnum malaise tp. (1 ♀); Arkell, 2. vi. 1956, D. H. Pengelly (1 ♂ *); Arkell, x. 1984, horse (2 ♂, 1 ♀); Bruce Co., Bears Rump Is., 45 18 ’ N, 81 32 W, 26. vii – 31. vii. 1995, malaise, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Bruce Co., Inverhuron Prov. Pk., front dunes, 44 ° 17 ’ 33 ” N, 81 ° 35 ’ 28 ” W, 10. ix. 2003, white pans, Buck & Paiero (1 ♂: debu 00236647); Chaffeys Locks, Queens Univ. Bio. Stn., 12. ix. 1980, human dung, field, S. A. Marshall (4 ♂ *, 7 ♀); same as previous except field day (1 ♀); field carrion (5 ♂ ***, 7 ♀); Courtland, 23. vi. 1980, car net, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *); Crieff Fen 3 km W of Puslinch, 22. vii – 11. viii. 1988, pt 2 x, for. edge, F 2 xC, D. Blades (2 ♂); Essex Co., East Sister Is. Nature Reserve, 41 ° 49 ’ N, 82 ° 51 ’ W, 30. vi. 2003, shore, yellow pans, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂: debu 00238457); Fergus, 03 – 06. viii. 1992, black composter, S. A. Marshall (3 ♀); Guelph, 1984, composter, B. Higgins (13 ♂, 9 ♀); Guelph, 12. x. 1979, carrion, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂); same as previous except 21. ix. 1979 (1 ♀); 18. i. 1979, dead squirrel (1 ♀); x. 1981, grass clippings (1 ♂ *); 18 – i – 1979, dead squirrel (1 ♂); Guelph, 14. vii. – 16. viii. 1981, pan tps., K. N. Barber (1 ♀); Guelph, 24. vi – 14. vii. 1981, K. N. Barber (1 ♀); Guelph, Arboretum, 13 – 27. x. 1984, mushroom tps., deciduous, B. V. Brown (1 ♂); same as previous except mushroom tps., field (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀); 3 – 13. x. 1984, field, mushroom tps. (1 ♀); Guelph, Hanlon Conservation Area, 29. vii. – 7. vii. 1984, bait tp., carrion, K. Gilbert (2 ♂); Hald – Norfolk Reg., Manester Tract, 6 km. NNW of St. Williams, 15. vi. 2001, for., decayed shrimps pans, Buck, Paiero & McKendry (1 ♀: debu 00158587); Hamilton, Royal Botanical Gardens, 01. v. 1998, RET – carrion, Carney & Scott (1 ♀); Hamilton, Royal Botanical Gardens, 03. vi. 1998, pan tp., carrion, V. Carney & K. Scott (4 ♂, 2 ♀); Hilton Beach, 10. x – 24. xii. 1987, pan tps., hardwood for., J. E. Swann (1 ♂); Hilton Beach, 26. ix – 13. x. 1987, hardwood for., fish entrails pan tps., J. E. Swann (2 ♂); Icewater Creek, WS, 46 ° 53.7 ’ N 84 ° 03.4 ’ W, 4 – 22. ix. 1998, pitfalls, mixed for., K. N. Barber (1 ♂); Kenora, Acid Bog Project, 25. vi – 2. vii. 1984, Tp. 14 – 17 E 3, D. Rosenburg (1 ♂ *); Lambton Co., Pinery Prov. Pk., behind Meeting Centre, 05. ix. 1994, ex. deer bones, J. Skevington (1 ♀); Meaford, 11. x. 1981, compost heap, S. Marshall (1 ♂ *); Mer Bleue, 22 – 29. ix. 1982, L. Dumouchel, Oliver Bog, 3 km. S of Gait, 24 – 30. vii. 1987, pt 2 expanse hollow, 02 bK, D. Blades (1 ♂); same as previous except 8 – 25. ix. 1988, pan tp. 1, sedge pond, V 1 F (1 ♂); Ottawa, 6. ix. 1984, swept from liquid manure pit, J. R. Vockeroth (23 ♂, 2 ♀); Ottawa, vii. 1990, Ex. Bus shelter, J, R, Vockeroth (1 ♀, CNCI); Ottawa, viii. 1979, grass piles, A. Telka (4 ♂, 1 ♀); Pt. Pelee, 7 – 10. vii. 1980, pan tp. on dunes, K. Barber (2 ♂ *, 1 ♀); Point Pelee Nat. Pk., wooded area by west beach, 21. viii – 10. ix. 1999, malaise / pan tps., O. Lonsdale (1 ♂, debu 0001184); same as previous except dated 10 – 21. viii. 1999 (1 ♂, debu 00011043); 10 – 23. ix. 1999 (1 ♂, debu 00013114). Point Pelee Nat. Pk., Visitor Centre, 10 – 18. x. 2000, malaise & pans, O. Lonsdale (1 ♂: debu 01006752); Sault Ste Marie, Bristol Place, 21. viii. 1987, grass clippings, K. Barber (6 ♂ **, 4 ♀); Wainfleet Bog, 8 km. S of Welland, 3 – 8. viii. 1988, pan tp. 4, 1980 zone, N 4 G, A. Sterling (1 ♂) Waterloo Reg., Blair, RARE, Resource House, 43 ° 22 ’ 53 ” N, 80 ° 21 ’ 28 ” W, 10. viii. 2006, sweeps over compost, M. D. Bergeron (3 ♂: debu 00278054, 00278044, 00278047; 1 ♀: 00267288); Wylde Lk. Bog, 8 km. E of Arthur, 16 – 22. vi. 1987, W 4 E pan tp. 4, floating mat, D. Blades (1 ♂); same as previous except W 3 E pan tp. 3, larch for. (1 ♂); 3 – 20. vi. 1987, W 2 bP pan tp. 2 b, sedge meadow hollow (1 ♂); 21 – 27. vii. 1987, W 47 pan tp. 4, floating mat (1 ♂, 1 ♀). SK: Grant N, Grasslands Nat. Pk., 08. viii. 1998, dead cow C, leg., C. Christopherson (1 ♂). CHILE: Concepción Prov. Ca., 6 km. S of San Pedro, 360 m, 12. xii. 1982 – 2. i. 1983, tp. site 648, Pinus sp. for., A. Newton & M. Thayer (1 ♀); Niebla 14 – 15. xi. 1989, old wrack, upper beach, pan, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀). COLOMBIA: Antioquia, La Caja, 2100 mt., 3. ii. 1984, manure pile (3 ♂ ***, 1 ♀). COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Volcan Tenorio, Bijagua Biol. Stn., 700 m, 16. vi. 2000, sweeping decayed vegetation, M. Buck (1 ♀: debu 00126100); Heredia, Sto. Domingo, INBio Pk., 9 ° 58 ’ 23 N, 84 ° 5 ’ 30 W, 18 – 19. viii. 2001, on compost, Buck & Barber (3 ♂: debu 00187475, 00187494, 00187490; 4 ♀: debu 00187458, 00187457, 00187445, 00187509). ECUADOR: Cotopaxi, 40 km. N of Latacunga, 3350 m, 17 – 25. vii. 1985 paramo, carrion, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Pichincha, Cotopaxi Nat. Pk., Quebrada Mishahuacicu, 3600 m, 26. x – 8. xi. 1999, along stream, pan tps., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, debu 00139318); Pichincha, 10 km NW Quito, Valley near Hosteria San Jorge, 23. x. 1999, pans in grasspile, S. A. Marshall (8 ♂: debu 00115576, 00115621, 00115632, 00115568, 00115570, 00115668, 00115669, 00115581; 8 ♀: 00115611, 00115598, 00115566, 00115578, 00115638, 00115600, 00115599, 00115588); same as previous except 3050 m, 22 – 25. x. 1999, creek bed, pan tps. (1 ♂ *: debu 00112032 * – ill; 3 ♀ *: 00112021, 00112020 * – ill, 00112028); Pichincha, Valley near Hosteria San Jorge, 10 km. NW of Quito, 3000 m, 23. x. 1999, pans in grasspile, S. A. Marshall (15 ♂ *: debu 00108694, 00108784, 00108782, 00108775, 00108768, 00108745, 00108675, 00108663, 00108730, 00108629, 00108628, 00108603, 00108624, 00108610, 00108601 * – ill; 24 ♀: debu 00108618, 00108625, 00108666, 00108652, 00108649, 00108645, 00108638, 00108635, 00108677, 00108671, 00108737, 00108729, 00108720, 00108713, 00108631, 00108633, 00108741, 00108750, 00108749, 00108743, 00108772, 00108783, 00108790, 00108687). JAMAICA: Blue Mt., Whitfield Hall, 4200 ’, 10. ix. 1988, goat dung, T. A. Wheeler (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀); Kingston, nr. Mt. Royal Hotel, 16. iv. 1959, sweeping, TB Sexton Jr. Cal. Acad. Sci. Coll. (1 ♀, CASC). MEXICO: Chiapas, 21 mi. N of Bochil, 5500 ’, 18 – 24. viii. 1971, pine, oak liquid amber, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂); Coahuila, Boquillas, 24 – 26. ix. 1979, pig dung tp., R. E. Woodruff & G. Fincher (1 ♂); Hidalgo, 7 mi. NE of Pachuca, 9300 ’, vii. 1971, oak, pine, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♀); Hidalgo, 4 mi. W of Tulancingo, 7600 ’, 1 – 6. vii. 1971, oak, human dung, A. Newton (3 ♂); Quintana Roo, Xcaret, 13. i. 1992, J. R. Vockeroth (3 ♂, 1 ♀); Veracruz, 1.7 mi. N of Teocelo, 3700 ’, 22 – 24. vii. 1973, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂). NEW ZEALAND: South Is., Banks Peninsula, Port Levy, 22 – 26. ii. 1999, near sea streambed, pan tps., S. A. Marshall (2 ♀: debu 00102090, 00102034); South Is., Christ church, ca. 15 km. S, ‘ Macrocarpa’, 43 ° 42 ’ 31 ” S, 172 ° 33 ’ 58 ” E, 1998, fungus tp. # 6, exotic tree plantation, S. Hodge (1 ♂: debu 00104576; 2 ♀: 00104588, 00104587); South Is., Otago, Lake Hawea, Hunter Valley Stn., 11 – 15. ii. 1999, stream, pan tps., S. A. Marshall (3 ♀: debu 00102261, 00102282, 00102275); South Is., Takaka Pupu Springs, 60 m, 6. ii. 1999, dung tps., S. A. Marshall (23 ♂: debu 00101926, 00101914, 00101915, 00101931, 00101922, 00101903, 00101900, 00101898, 00101956, 00101904, 00101890, 00101902, 00101953, 00101969, 00101972, 00101968, 00101963, 00101887, 00101964, 00101959, 00101957, 00101960, 00101961; 23 ♀: debu 00101896, 00101952, 00101923, 00101919, 00101967, 00101962, 00101975, 00101973, 00101916, 00101954, 00101955, 00101905, 00101888, 00101965, 00101899, 00101895, 00101897, 00101889, 00101927, 00101913, 00101912, 00101894, 00101929); South Is., Wier Rd., SSW of Culverden, 42 ° 49 ’ 53 ” S, 172 ° 48 ’ 7 ” E, 1998, fungus tp. # 13, exotic trees plantation, S. Hodge (2 ♀: debu 00104537, 00104555). PERU: Pirua, Peru Fr., 19 – 20 – 41 251, cage – cotton buds, P. A. Berry (1 ♂ *, STRI). SPAIN: Canary Is., Isla Gomera, El Cedro, 1100 m, 1 – 3. ix. 1992, laurel for. dung tps., S. & J. Peck, 92 – 338 (1 ♂). TRINIDAD: St. George Co., Arma Ward, NY Zoo 1. Soc. Stn., 11. vi. 1977, pig dung tp., R. Woodruff (1 ♀); St. George Co., Curepe, 10 38 ’ 0 N, 61 24 ’ 0 W, 17. xii. 1978, malaise, F. D. Bennett, (1 ♂: debu 00151627). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: AR: Wash Co., 3 mi. S of Devils Den St. Pk., 28 – 31. v. 1979, oak – hickory, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂). AZ: Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., Carr Canyon, 7100 ’, oak & evergreen, ix. 1970, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂); Coconino Co., Flagstaff, 7100 ’, 18 – 25. vii. 1979, pond pine meadow malaise, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Santa Cruz Co., Patagonia Lk. St. Pk., 9 – 11. viii. 1984, dung tp .., B. V. Brown (2 ♂, 2 ♀). CA: Los Angeles Co., National For. Lightning Ridge trail (near Big Pines) 738, 12. viii. 1985, horse dung, G. J. Umphrey (1 ♂ *). FL: Alachua Co., Gainseville, 2 – 5. vii. 1982, pig dung, horse pasture, K. L. Rench (12 ♂, 8 ♀); Broward Co., Hwy. 84, mi. 59, 12. xii 1985, old carrion, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Cary St. Park, 17. iv. 1989, dung, T. A. Wheeler (3 ♂); Clay Co., Gold Head Branch State Pk., 14. iv. 1971, dung, A. Newton (1 ♀); Dade Co., Hialeah, 9. vii. 1971, at human feces, C. E. Stegmaler, Jr. (1 ♀); Liberty Co., Torreva SP., 6. vi. 1982, pig dung tp., R. E. Woodruff (1 ♀); Liberty Co., 10 mi. SW of Juniper, Rt. 12, 26. iii. 1983, pig dung, turkey – oak, Woodruff & Thomas (1 ♂, 4 ♀); Manatee Co., Longboat Key, 3 – 4. vii. 1983, pig dung tps., R. E. Woodruff (2 ♀); Marion Co., I 75, 4 mi. N exit 67, 12 – 18. vi. 1983, pig dung tps., R. E. Woodruff (1 ♂); Marion Co., Ocala NE Rd. 65, 1.5 mi. W of St. Rd. 19, 15 – 16. iii. 1984, dung, R. Woodruff (1 ♀); same as previous except Rd. 90, 8 mi. N St. Rd. 19 (1 ♀); Marion Co., Rt. 316 near Eureka, 15 – 16. iii. 1984, pig dung tp., Woodruff (1 ♂); Okaloosa Co., 4.5 mi. N of Holt, Blackwater Riv. State For., Fla. A & M Res. Stn., 15 – 17. vi. 1978, pig dung, L. Stange (5 ♂ *, 3 ♀); Polk Co., 2 mi. N of Lake Wales, 25 – 29. iv. 1983, pig dung tp., R. E. Woodruff (1 ♀); Suwannee Co., 8.7 mi. W of O’Brien, S – 349, 25. iv. 1977, pig dung tp. # 6 gopher tortoise burrow, Woodruff & Woley (1 ♂, 1 ♀). GA: 14 mi. N of Folkston, 10 – 18. iv. 1989, pan tp., human dung, J. E. Swann (1 ♀); Rabun Co., Terrora Pk., Tallulah Falls, 4 – 11. vi. 1983, pig dung tps., KW Vick (1 ♀). IL: Cook Co., Palos Pk., 13. x. 1965, leg, H. S. Dybas (1 ♀). IN: Lawrence Co., Hoosier Nat. For., Donaldson Trail, 19. v. 1991, J. E. Swann (1 ♂); Putnam Co., near Cunot. Lieber St. Pk., 31. vii. 1984, vac. dog dung, L. B. Carlson (1 ♂, 3 ♀). KY: Rowan Co., 24 km. SW of Morehead, Cave Run Lk., 14. v – 20. vii. 1983, Fagus for., FIT, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀). MA: Middlesex Co., Medford, 7. ix – 5. x. 1969, deciduous for., A. Newton (1 ♀); same as previous except 11. viii – 5. x. 1969, pine for., carrion (1 ♂); Middlesex Co., Bedford, vii. 1969, mixed for., carrion, A. Newton (1 ♂). MI: Gogebic Co., Crooked L. Bog, 15. viii. 1977, Leg: J. Wagner (1 ♂); same as previous except 23. vi. 1978, Ber (?) otter dung & root mat substrate (1 ♀). NM: Santa Fe Co., Santa Fe Baldy, 10800 – 11800 ’, 19. vi. – 4. vii. 1979, spruce – fir – tundra, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Socorro Co., 20 mi. W of Socorro, Water Canyon, 7000 ’, 28. vi – 7. vii. 1979, mixed “ mesic ” for., S. & J. Peck (3 ♂ **); Valencia Co., 2 mi. W of Los Lunas, 4900 ’, 16 – 30. vi. 1979, desert grassland carrion tps., S. & J. Peck (1 ♀). NC: Bladen Co., Singletary Lk. St. Pk., 34 ° 35 ’ N, 78 ° 27 ’ 3 W, 19 – 22. v. 2003, pans, Marshall & Paiero (5 ♂ – w: debu 00227146, 00252099, 00252090, 00227354 – w, 00227347; 3 ♀: 00252121, 00227378, 00227374); Swain Co., NE slope of Mt. Collins, 5900 ’, Pices – Abies, 17 – 22. v. 1972, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♀). OK: Lattimer Co., 5 mi. W, 5 – 11. vi. 1977, red oak, dung tp., K. Stephen (1 ♂). SC: Barnwell St. Pk., 10 – 18. iv. 1989, pan tps., mushrooms in areas near Lake, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Richland Co., Columbia, Riverbanks Zoo & Botanical Gardens, N 34 ° 00.582 ’, W 81 ° 04.560 ’, 22. vi. 2007, M. P. Nelder (1 ♀, 1 ♂). TN: Sevier Co., Greenbriar Cove, 1700 ’, 19 – 23. v. 1972, A. Newton (1 ♀); Sevier Co., Greenbriar Cove, Ramsey Cascade Trail, 2900 ’, cove for. (1 ♂). TX: Bastrop Co., Bastrop St. Pk., muddy lake shorepan tps., 8. iv. 2000, M. Buck (1 ♂: debu 00114052). UT: Daggett Co., Dutch John, 6300 ’, 2 – 8. viii. 1979, pinyon juniper, woodland, carrion, S. & J. Peck (3 ♂, 4 ♀); Duchesne Co., Mirror Lk., 10300 ’, 30. vii – 12. viii. 1979, spruce fir meadow, carrion – malaise, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Duchesne Co., Uinta Mts., Rocky Sea Pass, 11200 ’, 30. vii – 12. viii. 1979, carrion, rocky tundra, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀). WY: Big Horn Co., 10 mi. E of Lovell, 3800 ’, 17 – 26. viii. 1979, sagegrass – barren carrion, S. & J. Peck (3 ♂, 1 ♀); Big Horn Co., 10 mi. E of Lovell, 3800 ’, 17 – 26. viii. 1979, sage – grass – barren carrion, S. & J. Peck (2 ♀); Red Gulch Road, Hwy. 14, 5 – 19. viii. 1990, near shell pans in desert area, cow dung; J. E. Swann; same as previous except in barren area near cottonwoods (1 ♀); in grass hummock in desert area, cow dung (1 ♀); Sublette Co., 7 mi. N of Pinedale, 9000 ’, 19 – 24. viii. 1979, pine meadow, carrion malaise, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Teton Co., 6800 ’ Moran Jct., 17 – 24. viii. 1979, sage steppe, carrion, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Uinta Co., 8 mi SE Evanston, 7100 ’, 30. vii – 11. viii. 1979 carrion, sage – grass, riparian, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFCCFFF0E4D8FB04A8866401.taxon	materials_examined	ARGENTINA: Jujuy, Abra Pampa, 3500 m, 26. ii. 1992, llama dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂). CANADA: AB: Onefour, 930 m, 49 ° 2 ’ 14 N, 110 ° 28 ’ 15 W, 29. vi. 2001, creek bed, sweep, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂: debu 00170163); Wagner Bog, 1 – 7. viii. 1985, pan tp. 1, Leg, A. T. Finnamore (1 ♂ *, PMAE); same as previous except 12 – 25. vi. 1985, pan tp. 2 (1 ♂, PMAE); 26. vi – 2. vii. 1985, pan tp. 2 (1 ♂ *, PMAE); 25. vii – 1. viii. 1985, pan tp. 9 (1 ♂, PMAE); 12 – 25. vi. 1985, pan tp. 10 (1 ♂ *, PMAE); Writing On Stone Prov. Pk., Willow N, 30. viii – 10. ix. 1990, M. Klassen (1 ♀). BC: 10 mi. W of Hope Jones Ck., 8 – 28. vii. 1980, wet for. carrion, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂). ON: 12.4 km. NNE Searchmont, mi. 10 Whitman Dam Rd., 7. vii. 1986, dead Marmota, K. N. Barber (2 ♀); Algonquin Prov. Pk., Swan Lk. Stn., Scott Lk. Survey, 23 – 30. vi. 1994, A 5 shore pans (1 ♂); Bruce Co., Covels, 45 ° 18 ’ N, 81 ° 46 ’ W, 26. vii – 31. vii. 1996, malaise, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Crieff Bog, 3 km. N of Puslinch, 4 – 17. v. 1988, pan tp. 3 b, sedge is., D. Blades, C 36 W (1 ♂); Essex Co., Middle Is., 41 ° 41 ’ N, 82 ° 41 ’ W, 4. vii. 2003, yellow pans, Marshall & Cheung (1 ♂: debu 00222061; 1 ♀ *: debu 00222065 * – ill); Guelph, 1984, composter, R. Higgins (11 ♂ *, 3 ♀ *, 8?); Guelph, 4. iii. 1989, chicken manure, S. Gray (12 ♂ *, 6 ♀ *); same as previous except 11. ii. 1989, M. Ross (1 ♂ – w); 3. iii. 1989, C. Grinton (2 ♂ **, 2 ♀ *); Guelph, 17. vi. 1983, grass pile, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *); Guelph, 21. x. 1959, D. H. Pengelly (1 ♂ *, 3 ♀); Guelph, 21 – 25. vii. 1993, black composter, D. C. Caloren (1 ♂); Guelph, 28. v. 1980, carrion, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Guelph, Arboretum, 9 – 11. vi. 1984, coniferous for. mushroom tps., B. V. Brown (1 ♂); Guelph, Hanlon Conservation Area, 25. vi. 1984, mushroom bait tp., K. Gilbert (2 ♂); Guelph, Hanlon Conservation Area, 29. vi – 7. vii. 1984, bait tp. carrion, K. Gilbert (3 ♂, 1 ♀); Hamilton, Royal Botanical Gardens, 3. vi. 1998, pan tp., carrion, V. Carney & K. Scott (3 ♂); same as previous except 8. vii. 1998 (1 ♂); 3. vii. 1998 (1 ♂); 15. vi. 1998, pan tp., RBT control (1 ♂); Hilton Beach, 14. x. 1989, ex. lichen and moss, J. E. Swann (1 ♂, 4 ♀); Hilton Beach, 16. ix. – 14. x. 1989, sugar maple for. pan tps., J. E. Swann (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Hilton Township, Tanby Bay, 30. vi. 1992, malaise at edge of lakeshore & poplar for., leg, J. E. Swann (1 ♂ *); Kars 24. xii. 1978, M. Kaulbars (1 ♂, 2 ♀); Kent Co., Rondeau Prov. Pk., South Point Trail, E parking lot, 42 ° 15 ’ 42 N, 81 ° 50 ’ 49 W, 10. vi. 2003, oak savanna, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀: debu 01125367); Marmora, 9. vii. 1957, K. D. Southern (1 ♀); Ottawa, viii. 1979, grass piles (1 ♀); Pt. Pelee, 7 – 10. vii. 1980, pan tp. on dunes, K. Barber (1 ♀); Pt. Pelee, 31. vii. 1978, W. A. Attwater (1 ♀); Point Pelee Nat. Pk., Visitor Centre, 22 – 30. vii. 2000, malaise & pans, O. Lonsdale (1 ♂: debu 01004922); Sault Ste Marie, Bristol Place, 21. viii. 1987, grass clippings, K. Barber (1 ♀); Simcoe, 19. viii. 1985, light tp., S. Enrich (1 ♀); Simcoe Co., Washago, 44 ° 44.76 ’ N, 85 ° 18.73 ’ W, 28. v – 4. vi. 1998, PAN 5 B, carrion, Christopherson (1 ♀); Wainfleet Bog, 8 km. S of Welland, 28. vi – 3. vii. 1988, pan tp. 1, N ditch, A. Stirling, N 1 B (2 ♂ * – ill); same as previous except 4 – 11. vii. 1988, pan tp. 2, 1962 zone (1 ♂); Waterloo Reg., Blair, RARE, Blair Trail, 43 ° 22 ’ 38 ” N, 80 ° 20 ’ 34 ” W, 9 – 12. vi. 2006, yellow pans in grass clipping, Marshall & Cheung (1 ♀: debu 00271173); Wylde Lk., Bog 8 k E of Arthur, 16 – 22. vi. 1987, W 4 E pan tp. 4, floating mat, D. Blades (2 ♂). NB: St. Andrews, 15. viii. 1979, dead seagull, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); St. Andrews, MP, 30. vi. 1978, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂). QC: Hull, 21. ix. 1983, wet flooded for., L. Dumouchel (1 ♂). COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Est. Pinilla, 700 m, 9 km. S Stn. Cecilia, II curso Parataxon., v. 1990, L – N – 330200,380200 (1 ♂). ECUADOR: Galapagos, Espanola, Bahia Manzanillo, 7 – 10. vi. 1985, sand beach carrion tp., S. & J. Peck (2 ♂, 16 ♀); Galapagos, Espanola, Bahia Manzanillo, 5 – 10. vi. 1985, Prosopis grove behind beach, carrion tps., S. & J. Peck (3 ♀); Galapagos, Santa Fe Is., 3 – 6. iv. 1988, sea lion dung tp., littoral, B. J. Sinclair, 89 – 180 (8 ♂, 8 ♀). JAMAICA: St. Catherine, 28. vii – 1. viii. 1974, dung under trees in horse pasture, Peck (2 ♂). MEXICO: Nuevo León, Surface at Cueva del Camino, 8500 ’, 23. viii. 1973, R. Jameson (1 ♂). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: AR: Wash Co., 3 mi. S of Devils Den St. Pk., 28 – 31. v. 1979, oak – hickory, S. & J. Peck (3 ♂, 2 ♀); Wash Co., Devils Den St. Pk., Devils Den Cave, 28 – 31. v. 1979, S. & J. Peck (3 ♂ *). AZ: Coconino Co., Tuba City, 4700 ’, 22 – 25. vii. 1979, desert grass shrub, carrion tps., S. & J. Peck (2 ♂); Logan Co., Ozark Nat. For., Magazine Mt., 23. v – 8. vi. 1991, pans, mushroom baited, J. E. Swann (1 ♀); Navajo Co., 15 mi. SE Holbrook, 14 – 16. vii. 1979, 5300 ’, grassland carrion tps., S. & J. Peck (1 ♂). CA: Santa Clara Co., Del Peurto Rd., (Rd 130), 28. v. 1992, J. Skevington (1 ♂). FL: Gray Co., Gold Head Branch St. Pk., 4 – 14. iv. 1971, carrion, A. Newton (1 ♀). GA: Rabun Co., Terrora Pk., Tallulah Falls, 4 – 11. vi. 1983, pig dung tps., K. W. Vick (1 ♂). MA: Culture ex. chicken dung, Hubbard Stn. (1 ♀). NM: Bernalillo Co., 7 mi. S of Tijerus, 2400 ’, 23 – 26. viii. 1975, carrion tp. pinyon – juniper, S. Peck (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Bernalillo Co., Isleta, 4900 ’, 16 – 20. vi. 1979, floodplain for., carrion, S. & J. Peck (3 ♀); Eddy Co., 30 mi. WSW of Carlsbad, Sitting Bull Falls, 4600 ’, 23 – 27. vii. 1975, dung 15, S. Peck (1 ♂, 2 ♀); Guadalupe Co., Santa Rosa Lk. St. Pk., 3. viii. 1984, desert, blacklite, B. V. Brown (1 ♀); Guadalupe Co., Santa Rosa St. Pk., 3 – 4. viii. 1984, dung tp., B. V. Brown (1 ♀); Lincoln Co., 1 mi. N of Sierra Blanca Ski, 11 000 ’, 10 – 26. vi. 1979, alpine grass meadow, carrion, S. & J. Peck (14 ♀); Santa Fe Co., 14 mi. NE of Santa Fe, 9600 ’, 18. vi – 3. vii. 1979, aspen with stream, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Santa Fe Co., Santa Fe Baldy, 10800 – 11800 ’, 19. vi – 4. vii. 1979, spruce – fir – tundra, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Socorro Co., 20 mi. W of Socorro, Water Canyon, 7000 ’, 28. vi. – 7. vii. 1979, mixed “ mesic ” for., S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Socorro Co., 3 mi. N of Socorro, 4700 ’, 28. vi – 6. vii. 1979, Larrea desert, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Torrance Co., 6 mi. SW of Manzano, Red Can. Camp, 75 – 9000 ’, 17 – 30. vi. 1979, spruce – fir litter, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Valencia Co., 2 mi. W of Los Lunas, 4900 ’, 16 – 30. vi. 1979, desert grassland, carrion tps., S. & J. Peck (4 ♀). NY: Syracuse, 12. iii. 1976, ex. nest of screech owl, J. R. Philips, CNC det. lot 77 – 654 (1 ♂, CNCI); Syracuse, 24. vi. 1976, ex. nest of American Kestrel; J. R. Philips, CNC det. lot 77 – 654 (2 ♂ *, 3 ♀, CNCI). NC: Bladen Co., Singletary Lk. St. Pk., 34 35 ’ N, 78 27 ’ 3 W, pans, 19 – 22. v. 2003, Marshall & Paiero (1 ♂: debu 00227192). SC: Columbia, Richland Co., Riverbanks Zoo & Botanical Gardens, N 34 ° 00.582 ’, W 81 ° 04.560 ’, 21. vi. 2007, M. P. Nelder (1 ♂); Georgetown Co., Hobcaw Barony, ~ 5 km. E of Georgetown, 28. iv – 5. v. 2006, malaise, S. M. Paiero (1 ♀: debu 00257772). UT: Daggett Co., Dutch John, 6300 ’, 2 – 8. viii. 1979, pinyon juniper, woodland, carrion, S. & J. Peck (7 ♀ **). WY: Big Horn Co., 10 mi. E of Lovell, 3800 ’, 17 – 26. viii. 1979, sagegrass – barren carrion, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Red Gulch Road, Hwy. 14, 5 – 19. viii. 1990, near shell pans in desert area cow dung, J. E. Swann (2 ♂); same as previous except near shell pans in grass hummock in desert area (1 ♂ *); near shell pan tps. in barren area near cotton woods, cow dung (1 ♂); near shell pans in sagebrush near cotton woods, cow dung (1 ♂); Sublette Co., 5 mi. N of Bondurant, 6500 ’, 16 – 22. vii. 1979, carrion sage – grass – pines, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *); Uinta Co., 6 mi. E of Mt. View, 1 – 11. viii. 1979, 6800 ’, sagebrush, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *, 3 ♀); Uinta Co., Lonetree, 7600 ’, 1 – 9. viii. 1979, sagebrush, carrion, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFCDFFFEE4D8F8D4AC0B6474.taxon	materials_examined	ARGENTINA: Jujuy, Cochinoca, 3700 m, 26. ii. 1992, sweep small stream llama dung, debris, S. A. Marshall (6 ♂, 7 ♀ *); same as previous except dated 29. ii. 1992 (1 ♂); Salta, 4.5 km. W of Salta, 1950 m, El Alisal, 1 – 29. xii. 1987, moist ravine thicket; malaise FIT, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Salta, 17 km. N SBP, S 7 – 134 La Caldera, Altodela Sierra, 1550 m, 2 – 30. xii. 1987, malaise – FIT, subtropical humid for., S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Salta, 30. km E of Salta Campo Quijano, 20. ii. 1992, sweep, dung, S. A. Marshall (14 ♂ **, 17 ♀ **); same as previous except stream debris, leaf litter (1 ♂); sweep, for. vestige (1 ♂, 1 ♀); sweep wet mud (1 ♀); Salta, 100 km. W of Salta, Santa Rosa de Tastil, 3000 m, 21. ii. 1992, very dry along creek, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂, 1 ♀); Salta, 1500 m, La Caldera Camino la Cornisa, 27. ii. 1992, roadside for. sweeps, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂ *); Salta Campo Quijano, rd. to San Antonio do los Cobres, 18. ii. 1992, above for. level, site 2 & 3, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Salta, Canyada la Gotera, 15 km. W of Chicoana, 16 – 28. ii. 1992, for. remnant, S. A. Marshall (3 ♂); Salta, El Maray, 50 km. W of Chicoana, 28. ii. 1992, dry area sweep, pampas grass along creek, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Salta, El Maray 50 km. W of Chicoana, 2500 m, 18 – 28. ii. 1992, dry, pan tps., S. A. Marshall (5 ♂, 1 ♀); Salta, El Ray Nat. Pk., 900 m, Rio La Salsa, 5 – 10. xii. 1987, FIT malaise tp., open stream side in for., S. & J. Peck (3 ♂, 3 ♀); same as previous except 11 – 15. xii. 1987, Aguas Negres Trail, for., malaise tp., FIT, (2 ♂ *, 1 ♀); Salta Sumalao, 19. ii. 1992, sweep, wet muddy area along field, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Salta, Rosario de Lerma, 24. ii. 1992, swept over foul ditch, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂, 1 ♀); Salta, Rosario de Lerma, INESALT yard, 16 – 28. ii. 1992, malaise, S. A. Marshall (18 ♂, 6 ♀ *); same as previous except malaise overflow (1 ♂); 17 – 28. ii. 1992, pan tps. (1 ♀ *). BOLIVIA: La Paz, Chulumani, Apa Apa Reserve, 2000 m, 16 ˚ 21, 15 S, 67 ˚ 30 ’ 21 W, 1. iv. 2001, sweep, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀: debu 00208895); La Paz, Lago Titicaca, Mapac, Sahuina, 3812 m, 23. iv. 1997, L. Masner (1 ♂ *, debu 00101557); La Paz, Zongo rd., ~ 3800 m, 16 ˚ 10 ’ 4 S, 68 ˚ 7 ’ 49 W, 18. iv. 2001, alpine shrub, on cow dung, S. A. Marshall (16 ♂: debu 00188793, 00188773, 00188746, 00190078, 00190133, 00188796, 0018702, 00188852, 00188855, 00188821, 00188807, 00188868, 00188867, 00188723, 00188714, 00188713; 12 ♀: 00190095, 00190137, 00190090, 00190052, 00188733, 00190156, 00188812, 00188860, 00190109, 00190159, 00188695, 00188701); Santa Cruz, Rio Piray near Aguaclara, 3. x. 1996, P. Bettella (5 ♂: debu 00101403, 00101419, 00101410, 00101087, 00101335). BRAZIL: Paraná, Londrina, Mata dos Godoy, 30. i. – 2. ii. 1990, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Rio Jacara, Pagua 22. i. 1990, wet litter by stream, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Rio de Janiero, Nova Friburgo Mury, 1000 m, 11. ii. 1990, swept off goat dung, open wet area, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀ *); São Paulo., Sao Jose do Barreiro, 1650 m, i. 1969, malaise tp., M. Alvarenga (2 ♂ **). COLOMBIA: Antioquia, La Ceja, 2100 mt., 3. ii. 1984, manure pile (1 ♂, 4 ♀). COSTA RICA: Heredia, Santo Domingo, INBio Pk., 3. x. 1999, leaf litter, Marshall & Buck (1 ♀: debu 00107267); San José, Zurqui de Moravia, 1600 m, iii. 1981, P. Hanson (1 ♀: debu 00100688). ECUADOR: Cachi, Guandera For. Reserve, 15 km. E of San Gabriel, 3300 m, 1. xi. 1999, trail to station, sweeping, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂: debu 00108138, 00108133); Cotopaxi, 45 km. NNE of Latacunga, 3700 m, 19 – 25. vii. 1985, shrub grass, paramo, carrion, S. & J. Peck (14 ♂ *: 6 ♀ *); Cotopaxi, 40 km. N of Latacunga, 3350 m, 17 – 25. vii. 1985, parano, carrion, S. & J. Peck (37 ♂ * x 7, 29 ♀ **); Napo, above Papallacta, 4000 m, ii. 1983, paramo & elfin for., M. Sharkey & L. Masner (2 ♂, 1 ♀); Napo, Baeza, 1900 m, 12 – 15. ii. 1983, FIT, L. Masner (1 ♀); Napo, Baeza, 1500 m, 16 – 19. v. 1987, wet montane rain for., malaise tp., Coote & Brown (1 ♀: debu 00140734); Napo, Quito – Baeza Rd., above thermal spgs., Papallacta, 3200 m, 22 – 24. ii. 1983, pan tps., L. Masner (1 ♀); Napo, SierrAzul Reserve, 14 km. W of Cosanga, 2200 m, 0 ˚ 40 ’ 55 S, 77 ˚ 56 ’ 9 W, 9. v. 2002, trail sweep, M. Buck (7 ♂: debu 00186860, 00186536, 00185909, 00185908, 00185907, 00186859, 00185844; 3 ♀: 00186534, 00185905, 00186535); same as previous except 9 – 10. v. 2002, treefall, yellow pans, (6 ♂ **: debu 00202488, 00202385 *, 00202465, 00202340, 00202513, 00202356 * – ill; 4 ♀ **: debu 00202401, 00202370, 00202358 * – ill, 00202403 * – ill); same as previous except 10. v. 2002, treefall (29 ♂ *: debu 00195406, 00195372, 00195357, 00195412, 00195413, 00195416, 00195415, 00195394, 00195363, 00195383, 00195361, 00195424, 00195408, 00195405, 00195396, 00195392, 00195378, 00195385, 00195393, 00195370, 00195354, 00195402, 00195403, 00195404, 00195390, 00195381, 00195399, 00195377, 00195380 *; 27 ♀ *: 00195358, 00195411, 00195422, 001954221, 00195409, 00195423, 00195425, 00195355, 00195374, 00195387, 00195400, 00195391, 00195386, 00195368, 00195401, 00195362, 00195371, 00195384, 00195373, 00195375, 00195360, 00195352, 00195359, 00195353, 00195365, 00195379, 00195364 *); Napo, SierrAzul Lodge, 14 km. W of Cosanga, 2200 m, 5. xi. 1999, for. sweep, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂: debu 00140343; 1 ♀: debu 00140294); same as previous except sweeping disturbed trail (10 ♂ *: debu 00115097, 00115115, 00115148, 00115151, 00115153, 00115074, 00115064, 00115172, 00115168, 00115133 *; 25 ♀ *: 00115079, 00115083, 00115092, 00115098, 00115099, 00115101, 00115108, 00115110, 00115111, 00115120, 00115126, 00115159, 00115165, 00115138, 00115141, 00115143, 00115144, 00115145, 00115075, 00115158, 00115166, 00115171, 00115167, 00115132 *); Napo, SierrAzul Lodge, 14 km. W of Cosanga, 2200 m, 0 ˚ 40 ’ 55 S, 77 ˚ 56 ’ 9 W, 9 – 10. v. 2002, malaise, Buck & Paiero (44 ♂ ***: 00202656, 00202658, 00202663, 00202514, 00202538, 00202651, 00202652, 00202542, 00202672, 00202673, 00202675, 00202662, 00202561, 00202565, 00202638, 00202630, 00202699, 00202709, 00202627, 00202682, 00202691, 00202635, 00202603, 00202611, 00202620, 00202619, 00202681, 00202578, 00202616, 00202683, 00202557, 00202554, 00202567, 00202660, 00202655, 00202654, 00202648, 00202646, 00202618, 00202686, 00202604 *, 00202598 *, 00202625 *; 46 ♀ **: debu 00202669, 00202644, 00202659, 00202668, 00202667, 00202665, 00202553, 00202649, 00202536, 00202530, 00202526, 00202711, 00202564, 00202558, 00202522, 00202521, 00202671, 00202700, 00202705, 00202697, 00202696, 00202703, 00202692, 00202592, 00202704, 00202690, 00202684, 00202622, 00202623, 00202621, 00202624, 00202626, 00202610, 00202609, 00202614, 00202615, 00202602, 00202678, 00202573, 00202579, 00202587, 00202575, 00202591, 00202677, 00202529 *, 00202617 *); Napo, SierrAzul Reserve, 14 km. W of Cosanga, 2200 m, 0 ˚ 40 ’ 55 S, 77 ˚ 56 ’ 9 W, 10 – 11. v. 2002, treefall, yellow pans, Marshall & Paiero (1 ♀: debu 00194799); Pichincha, Bellavista Reserve, trail ‘ B’, 30. x. 1999, sweeping, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂: debu 00116316; 3 ♀: debu 00116336, 00116286, 00116240); Pichincha, Cotopaxi Nat. Pk., Quebrada Mishahuaicu, 3600 m, 26. x – 8. xi. 1999, pans along stream, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀: debu 00142674); Pinchincha, Nanegalito, 7 km. SE of trout farm ‘ San José’, 1500 m, 27 – 30. x. 1999, riverine for., sweeping tree falls, S. A. Marshall (2 ♀: debu 00140007, 00140098); Pichincha, Nono, 8 km. N road to Mindo, 25. ix. 1999, roadside, sweeping, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂ *: debu 00112077, 00112083 *; 2 ♀ *: 00112067, 00112084 *); same as previous except 15 km. NW road to Mindo, 24. x. 1999, roadside sweep, cow dung (8 ♂ *: debu 00115301, 00115286, 00115282, 00115276, 00115275, 00115290, 00115298, 00115273 *; 4 ♀ *: 00115299, 00115281, 00115266, 00115274 *); Pichincha, Quito, 10 km. NW, Valley near Hosteria San Jorge, 23. x. 1999, pans in grasspile, S. A. Marshall (3 ♂ – w: debu 00115594 – w, 00115595, 00115577; 2 ♀: 00115590, 00115597); same as previous except 3050 m, 22 – 25. x. 1999, creek bed, pan tps. (2 ♂: debu 00112034, 00112023; 2 ♀: 00112026, 00112019); Pichincha, 34.5 km. E Tandapi, 2835 m, 24 – 29. vi. 1975, bamboo shrub, dung tp., S. Peck (1 ♂: debu 00261171; 4 ♀: 00261132, 00261153, 00261154, 00261180); Pichincha, 3.5 km. SE of Tandayapa, 28. x. 1999, in green leaf litter (tree fall), S. A. Marshall (4 ♂ *: debu 00116070, 00116071, 00116077, 00116657 *; 2 ♀ *: 00116634, 00116104 *); Pichincha, valley near Hosteria San Jorge, 10 km. NW of Quito, 3000 m, 23. x. 1999, pans in grasspile, S. A. Marshall (79 ♂ **: debu 00108727, 00108725, 00108721, 00108719, 00108718, 00108717, 00108715, 00108714, 00108711, 00108608, 00108641, 00108640, 00108636, 00108732, 00108673, 00108672, 00108670, 00108669, 00108668, 00108665, 00108662, 00108661, 00115665, 00108630, 00108627, 00108616, 00108615, 00108613, 00115585, 00115602, 00115673, 00115666, 00108598, 00115667, 00115572, 00108777, 00108778, 00108779, 00108781, 00108696, 00108788, 00108691, 00108693, 00108710, 00108751, 00108758, 00108699, 00108760, 00108763, 00108766, 00108771, 00115658, 00115660, 00115661, 00115662, 00108698, 00108703, 00108701, 00108704, 00115663, 00115634, 00115635, 00115637, 00115639, 00115641, 00115642, 00115651, 00115654, 00115655, 00115657, 00115604, 00115605, 00115608, 00115619, 00115623, 00115616, 00115630, 00115633, 00108650 *, 00115624 *; 32 ♀ **: 00115636, 00108748, 00108705, 00108767, 00108762, 00108757, 00108756, 00108702, 00108785, 00108780, 00115569, 00108597, 00108593, 00108592, 00108589, 00108587, 00108683, 00115589, 00108611, 00108626, 00108674, 00108679, 00108682, 00108731, 00108642, 00108646, 00115584, 00108602, 00108660, 00108722, 00108648, 00108653 *, 0115612 *); Pichincha Pk. 4 km. W of Aloag, 3000 m, 19 – 25. vii. 1985, carrion tp., pasture at ravine edge, S. & J. Peck (10 ♂ ***, 11 ♀ *); Zamora – Chinchipe, 8 km. NW of Zamora, mouth Rio Sabanilla, 1420 m, 1. xi. 1987 (1 ♀). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: GA: Wilkinson Co., Big Sandy Ck., 8 mi. S of Irwinton, US 441, 5 – 25. vi. 1984, FIT near dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *; outside of normal range). VENEZUELA: Arugua, Henri Pittier Nat. Pk., trail above Rancho Grande, 1225 m, 22 – 25. i. 1996, malaise tp., J. & A. Skevington (1 ♂); Maracay, Rancho Grande Bio. Stn., 1250 m, 5. iii. 1995, sweep along trail, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Merida, Call Santa Rosa, 25 – 30. iv. 1988, malaise, pasture / cloud for. edge, S. A. Marshall (3 ♀); Merida, Jaji to La Azulita, 3. v. 1988, sweeps along road, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 2 ♀); Merida, Los Chorros 23. iv. 88 sweeps S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Merida, Los Chorros, 1200 m, 5. v. 1988, sweep at trail head, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Merida, St. Mucuchies Trail, 5 km. S of Paramo near lk., 4000 m, 28. iv. 1988, under Espeletia debris, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Rancho Grande, 12 – 30. xii. 1987, malaise intercept, M. Sanborne (1 ♀); Trujillo, 10 km. E of Bocono, Laguna de Lucerdo, 1760 m, 3. iii. 1995, slash / compost, S. Marshall (13 ♂, 9 ♀); Trujilla, Bocono, rd. to Guaramacal, 2200 m, 2. iii. 1995, under dung, S. A. Marshall (3 ♂, 2 ♀); Trujillo, Guaramacal Nat. Pk., 2000 ~ 3000 m, 26. viii – 1. ix. 1992, car net, L. Masner (2 ♂: debu 00152902, 00152985; 2 ♀: 00152939, 00152342).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFC0FFFBE4D8FF14AC3D6059.taxon	materials_examined	CANADA: AB: Cypress Hills, 14. vi. 1980, cow dung, S. A. Marshall (23 ♂, 28 ♀); Lower Kananaska Hwy., 5. viii. 1980, cow dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Wagner Bog, 26. vi. – 2. vii. 1985, pan tp. 2, Leg, A. T. Finnamore (1 ♀, PMAE); same as previous except pan tp. 5, leg (2 ♀, PMAE); pan tp. 7, Leg (1 ♂, PMAE); pan tp. 10, Leg (1 ♂, PMAE); pan tp. 3, Leg (1 ♀, PMAE); Writing – On – Stone Prov. Pk., 30. viii – 10. ix. 1990, malaise tp., M. Klassan (1 ♀); same as previous except birch N. (1 ♂). BC: Ainsworth, Woodbury Ck., 5. vii. 1980, dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *); Cranbrook, 1. viii. 1980, horse dung, S. Marshall (1 ♀); Osoyoos, Mt. Kobau, 560 m, 24 – 28. viii. 1991, D. Blades & C. Maier, SOCAP – LMS (7 ♂, 13 ♀, BCPM). ON: Aberfoyle, 25. vi. 1956, D. H. Pengelly (1 ♂); Alfred, 10. v. 1981, bog, moose dung, Peck & Anderson (2 ♀); Alfred, Alfred Bog, 25. ix. 1983, sifted moss under fungi & moose dung, Berl, S. Peck (1 ♂); Bruce Co., Inverhuron Prov. Pk., front dunes, 44 17 ’ 33 ” N, 81 35 ’ 28 ” W, 22. viii. 2003, yellow pans, M. Buck (1 ♂: debu 00236605); Chaffeys Locks, Queens Univ. Bio. Stn., 12. ix. 1980, human dung, field, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, 4 ♀); Fergus, 23 – 30. vii. 1992, black composter, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Glen Huron, see page spring, 19. vi. 1985, B. Sinclair (1 ♂); Grenville Co., 2 km. SW of Bishops Mills, 2. vi. 1989, B. Gill & Cook (1 ♂); 7 mi. E of Griffith, 19. vii. 1990, B. E. Cooper (2 ♂); Guelph, 12 – 15. viii. 1993, black composter, D. C. Caloren (1 ♂); Guelph, 24. vi – 14. vii. 1981, malaise tp., K. N. Barber (1 ♀); Guelph, 27. iv – 21. v. 1980, pan tp., K. N. Barber (1 ♂); Guelph, 28. v. 1980, carrion, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Guelph, Arboretum, 9. viii. 1984, field, mushroom tps., B. V. Brown (1 ♂); Hilton Beach, 6. v – 10. vi. 1989, red oak for. pan tps., pig dung, J. E. Swann (1 ♂); same as previous except for. pan tps., pig dung (1 ♂); cedar swamp pan tps., pig dung (1 ♂); Kent Co., Rondeau Prov. Pk., South Point Trail, near, E parking lot, 42 15 ’ 42 ” N, 81 50 ’ 49 ” W, 9 – 10. viii. 2003, for. clearing, yellow pans, M. Buck (1 ♂ * – ill: debu 01139538 * – ill); Mer Bleue, 21 – 26. vii. 1987, intercept tp., L. Dumouchel & J. Denis (1 ♂); Norval, 16. v. 1980, carrion, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 2 ♀); Ottawa, 2. ix. 1984, marshy shore of Ottawa River, J. R. Vockeroth (1 ♀, CNCI); Ottawa, viii. 1979, grass piles, A. Telka (2 ♂ *); Ottawa, 17. vii. 1979, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); same as previous except dry cow pat (1 ♀); Prescott, 30. xi. 1977, K. Barber (1 ♂); Simcoe Co., Washago, 44 44.76 ” N, 85 18.73 ” W, 12 – 19. iv. 1998, pan 4 b, carrion tp., C. Christopherson (1 ♀); Wainfleet Bog, 8 km S of Welland, 3 – 8. viii. 1988, pan tp. 2, 1962 zone, N 2 G, A. Stirling (1 ♂). SK: Grasslands Nat. Pk., 20. vii. 1997, P 2, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂, 1 ♀); Grasslands Nat. Pk., Val Marie, E 329782 N 5451113, 10. vii. 1996, pitfall tp. (2 ♀); Grasslands Nat. Pk., Val Marie; 22. vii. 1997, prairie dog RET, Marshall & Finnamore, P 4 RBT 1 (1 ♂). MEXICO: Coahuila, Boquillas, 24 – 26. ix. 1979, pig dung tp., R. E. Woodruff & G. Fincher (7 ♂ *, 10 ♀); Jalisco, 18 mi. W of Atenquique, 9300 ’, fir for., dung, A. Newton (1 ♀). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: AR: Garland Co., 1.2 mi. N of Crystal Springs Hwy. 270, 6 – 8. iii. 1977, pig dung tp., Woodruff & Wiley (2 ♂, 10 ♀); Logan Co., Ozark Nat. For., Magazine Mt., 23. v – 8. vi. 1991, pans, mushroom baited. J. E. Swann (1 ♀); Scott Co., 7 mi. E Y City, Jct. Hwy. 270 & Rt. 71 on 270, 6 – 8. iii. 1977, pig dung tp., Woodruff & Wiley (16 ♂, 22 ♀); Wash Co., 3 mi S of Devils Den St. Pk., 28 – 31. v. 1979, oak – hickory, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); same as previous except 10 mi. S of Devils Den St. Pk. (1 ♀). AZ: 10 mi. NW of Flagstaff, San Francisco Mts., 9500 ’, 18 – 24. vii. 1979, spruce – fir – aspen meadow malaise, S. & J. Peck (4 ♂, 1 ♀); Apache Co., Alpine, Luna Lk., 7900`, 9 – 14. vii. 1979, pine meadows, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂: debu 00104152; 8 ♂, 3 ♀); Cochise Co., Chiracuhua Mts., 7000 ’, 15 – 21. vii. 1978, dung, O. Kukal (3 ♂, 2 ♀); same as previous except Turkey Ck. (1 ♂); Martyr cpgd., 15 – 20. vii. 1978 (1 ♂); Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts., 6 mi. ESE of Portal, 4150 ’, 1. ix. 1970, desert grass, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂); Cochise Co., Chiracahua Mts. 15 – 21. viii. 1978, dung, O. Kukal (1 ♂); same as previous except E of Turkey Ck., 6500 ’, dung tps. (3 ♂, 2 ♀); Cochise Co., 5100 ’, Coronado NF., Chiricahau Mt., Stewart cpgd., 16 – 18. viii. 1984 road dung, L. B. Carlson (5 ♂, 2 ♀); Cochise Co., Coronado Nat. For., Coronado Nat. Mem., 11 – 15. viii. 1984, carrion, L. B. Carlson (4 ♂); Cochise Co., Coronado Nat. Mem., 11 – 15. viii. 1984, FIT, B. V. Brown (1 ♀); same as previous except dung tp. (20 ♂, 24 ♀); Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., Carr Canyon, 7100 ’ ix. 1970, oak & evergreen, human dung, A. Newton (2 ♂, 2 ♀); Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., Miller Canyon, 6000 ’, ix. 1970, oak woodland, dung, A. Newton (1 ♂); Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., Ramsey Canyon, 5600 ’, ix. 1970, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂); Cochise Co., Portal, 5.2 mi W, Southwest Res. Stn., 1650 m 31 ° 52 ’ 58 N, 109 ° 12 ’ 20 W, malaise, 5 Jul 1995, S. D. Gaimari, (1 ♂: debu 00200276); Cochise Co., Portal, Chiricahua Mts., 18 – 23. viii. 1984, FIT, B. V. Brown (4 ♂, 3 ♀); same as previous except dung tp. (1 ♂, 2 ♀); mushroom tp .. (3 ♀); intercept tp .. (1 ♀); yellow pan (2 ♀); Coconino Co., Coconino Nat. For., Bonito Pk., 11 mi. N of Flagstaff, 7000 ’, 7 – 8. viii 1984, mt. meadow, carrion, L. B. Carlson (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Coconino Co., Coconino Nat. For., Bonito Pk., 8 – 25. viii. 1984, FIT, B. V. Brown (3 ♂, 5 ♀); Coconino Co., Flagstaff, 7100 ’, 18 – 25. vii. 1979, pond pine meadow malaise, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Coronado Co., Bonito Pk., near Flagstaff, 5 – 9. viii. 1984, dung tp .., B. V. Brown (2 ♂); Flagstaff Oak, “ ok. Can., ” (?) 5900 ’, 17 – 25. vii. 1979, S. & J. Peck (4 ♂, 1 ♀); same as previous except near Sterling Canyon, 3900`, riparian woods (2 ♂, 1 ♀); Graham Co., 2.4 mi W on Hwy 336 from Hwy 191, 3800 ’, 19 – 26. viii. 1993, J. B. O’Hara (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Navajo Co., 15 mi. SE of Holbrook, 5300 ’, 14 – 16. vii. 1979, grassland carrion tps., S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Santa Cruz Co., 7 mi. WNW Nogales, Calabasas Canyon, 3850 ’, ix. 1972, desert grass, dung, A. Newton (3 ♂ *, 1 ♀); Santa Cruz Co., 8 mi. NNW Nogales, Walker Canyon, 3900 ’, ix. 1970, dung, oak woodland, A. Newton (4 ♂); Santa Cruz Co., Madera Canyon, Madera picnic ground, 12. vi. 1992, malaise river edge, J. Skevington & A. Goering (1 ♂); Santa Cruz Co., Patagonia Lk. St. Pk., 9 – 11. viii. 1984, dung tp., B. V. Brown (1 ♂, 3 ♀); Santa Cruz Co., Santa Rita Mts., Madera Canyon, 5500 ’, ix. 1970, oak, human dung, A. Newton (3 ♂, 6 ♀). CA: Kent Co., Mt. Pinos, 8000 ’, 3. vi. 1992, sweep, J. Skevington & A. Goering (1 ♀); Santa Barabara Co., Santa Cruz Is., Christy’s Beach & Canyon, 19 – 22. iii. 1982, pan tps., J. T. Huber (3 ♂ – w, 4 ♀, CNCI); Santa Clara Co., Del Peurto Rd. (Rd 130), 28. v. 1992, J. Skevington (1 ♀); same as previous except pan tps., J. Skevington & A. Goering (1 ♀). FL: Alachua Co., Gainesville, 2 – 5. vii. 1982, pig dung, horse pasture, K. L. Rench (2 ♀); Gainesville, UF Beef Farm, 13. vii. 1991, G. Y. Hu, 1 A (1 ♂, 2 ♀); Highlands Hammock St. Pk., 15 – 21. xii. 1985, cypress swamp dung pan, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Marion Co., Rd. 65, Ocala Nat. For., 18 – 23. vi. 1984, sand – pine, human dung tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Marion Co., Sand trail to Oklawaha Swamp, 10 – 15. vi. 1984, mushroom tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Marion Co., Zay Prairie, Ocala Nat. For., 14 – 18. vi. 1984, human dung tp., S. A. Marshall (2 ♂, 2 ♀); same as previous except 14 – 19. vi. 1984, pan tp. (1 ♂ *); 10 – 14. vi. 1984, mushroom tps. by shore, (2 ♀). ID: Custer Co., 25 mi. W of Stanley, 9 – 17. viii. 1990, pans in pine for. human dung, J. E. Swann (2 ♂); Kootenai Co., Wolf Lodge Bay, KOA, 12.5 km. E of Coeur d’Alene, 29. viii. 1981, P. H. Arnaud Jr. (1 ♀, CASC); Nez Perce Co., Top of Lewiston Grade, 30. vi. 1975, Edward Rogers (1 ♀, CASC). KY: Edmonson Co., Mammoth Cave Nat. Pk., 15. v – 20. viii. 1983, mesic for., FIT, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Rowan Co., 24 km. SW of Morehead, Cave Run Lk., 14. v – 20. vii. 1983, Fagus for., FIT, S. & J. Peck (4 ♂); MD: Ocean City, 9. v. 1991, seashore, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀). MN: Clearwater Co., Itasca St. Pk., 28 – 29. viii. 1979, carrion, deciduous for., S. & J. Peck (1 ♀). MT: Carbon Pk., Beartooth Mts., Rt. 212, 10000 ’, 18 – 25. viii. 1979, carrion, S. Peck (1 ♀); Carbon – Pk. Cos, Beartooth Mts., Rt. 212, 10900`, 18 – 25. viii. 1979, carrion, tundra, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Ravalli Co., Bitterroot Nat. For., Sam Billings Mem. Cpgd., 8 – 17. viii. 1990, pans along stream human dung, J. E. Swann (1 ♀). NM: Bernalillo Co., 7 mi. S of Tijerus, 2400 ’, 23 – 26. viii. 1975, carrion tp., Pinyon – juniper, S. Peck (2 ♂, 4 ♀); Catron Co., 5 mi. W Luna, San Francisco Riv. pond, 7400 ’, 9 – 14. vii. 1979, pine – meadows, S. & J. Peck (4 ♂, 5 ♀); Catron Co., 6 mi. S Lupa, 8000 ’, 9 – 14. vii. 1979, pond, pine for., S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Doña Ana Co., Jornada Experimental Range, 12. x. 1984 reared from cow manure, 7 – Manure, 8 – 10, J. Kinzer (1 ♂); Eddy Co., 30 mi. WSW of Carlsbad, Sitting Bull Falls, 4600 ’, 23 – 27. vii. 1975, dung, S. Peck, 15 (2 ♂, 2 ♀); Guadalupe Co., Santa Rosa Lk. St. Pk., 3 – 4. viii. 1984, dung tp., B. V. Brown (3 ♂, 1 ♀); Lincoln Co., 1 mi. N of Sierra Blanca Ski, 11000 ’, 10 – 26. vi. 1979, alpine grass meadow, carrion, S. & J. Peck (20 ♂ *, 16 ♀); Mora Co., W of Ocale Lefebres, Lyn. Canyon, 7500 ’, 36 ° 12 ’ N, 105 ° 07 ’ W, 10 – 11. ix. 1994, J. B. O’Hara (1 ♂); Santa Fe Co., Santa Fe Baldy, 10600 – 11800 ’, 19. vi – 4. vii. 1979, spruce – fir – tundra, S. & J. Peck (2 ♂, 2 ♀ *); Socorro Co., 20 mi W of Socorro, Water Canyon, 7000 ’, 28. vi – 7. vii. 1979 mixed “ mesic ” for. t, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Torrance Co., 6 mi SW of Manzano, Red Can. cpgd, 75 – 9000 ’, 17 – 30. vi. 1979, spruce – fir litter, S. & J. Peck (7 ♂ *, 4 ♀); Torrence Co., Manzano Mts., 12 mi. W of Manzano, Red Canyon cpgd., 8000 ’, 27 – 30. viii. 1993, malaise, J. B. O’Hara (1 ♂ * – ill, 2 ♀ * – ill). NC: Bladen Co., Singletary Lk. St. Pk., 34 ° 35 ’ N, 78 ° 27 ’ 3 W, 19 – 22. v. 2003, malaise, Marshall & Paiero (1 ♀: debu 00227308). ND: Billings Co., Medora, Roosevelt Nat. Pk., 27. viii. 1979, sage grassland, carrion, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, 7 ♀); McHenry Co., W side Buffalo Lodge Lk., 28 mi. N of Granville 14 – 28. ix. 1971, carrion tp., shoreline, P. D. Tomlin (1 ♀); Roosevelt Nat. Pk., 28. viii. 1979, carrion (1 ♀). OK: Wichita Mts., 5 – 7. vi. 1979, dung tps., (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Wichita Mts., Refuge, 5 – 7. vi. 1979, shortgrass prairie, S. & J. Peck (2 ♂, 1 ♀); Lattimer Co., 5 mi. W, 15 – 21. v. 1977, red oak, dung tp., K. Stephen (1 ♀). SD: Custer Co., Wind Cave Nat. Pk., 27. vi. 1957, bison dung, H. S. Dybas (1 ♂, 2 ♀, 1?). TX: Angelina Co., Angelina Nat. For., Boykin Cemetery, 13 – 17. vi. 1993, spring fen, dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂: debu 00128160); Brewster Co., 3.5 mi. E of Marathon, 26 – 27. ix. 1979, dung tp., R. Woodruff & G. Fincher (3 ♂); Kimble Co., Llano Riv. at co. rd. 385, 1 – 2. iv. 2000, floodplain for., pig dung pitfalls, E. G. Riley (1 ♀: debu 00110637); Medina Co., 8 mi. E of Sabinal, Rt. 90, 22 – 28. ix. 1979, dung tp., R. Woodruff & G. Fincher (1 ♂); Randall Co., Paio Duro Canyon St. Pk., 26. v – 7. vi. 1991, pan tps., J. E. Swann (1 ♂); Terrell Co., 30 mi. E of Sanderson, 23 – 27. ix. 1979, on pig dung, B. Woodruff & G. Fincher (3 ♂); Val Verde Co., Baker’s Crossing, 20.5 mi. N of Comstock, 2. iv. 2000, on / near dung, M. Buck (1 ♂ *: debu 00110221 *; 1 ♀: debu 00110220). UT: Daggett Co., Dutch John, 6300 ’, 2 – 8. viii. 1979, pinyon juniper, woodland, carrion, S. & J. Peck (3 ♀); Duchesne Co., Mirror Lk., 10300 ’, 30. vii – 12. viii. 1979, spruce fir meadow, carrion – malaise, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Summit Co., NW side of Gilbert Peak, 11500 – 12500 ’, 1 – 10. viii. 1979, tundra carrion, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, 1 ♀). VA: Giles Co., vic Mt. Lk. Bio. Stn., 14. v. 1998, Bear Cliff Trail sweep, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀). WY: Big Horn Co., 30 mi. E of Lovell, 9000 ’, 18 – 26. viii. 1979, spruce fir carrion, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, 3 ♀); same as previous except 34 mi. E of Lovell, 9400 ’, meadow edge, malaise (2 ♂ *); 10 mi. E of Lovell, 3800 ’, sagegrass – barren, carrion (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Crook Co., Black Hills Nat. For. Cook Lk. Rec. Area Rd., 2.5 km. E of cpgd., 4 – 21. viii. 1990, pan tp., cow dung, logged pine area, J. E. Swann (2 ♀); same as previous except pans, cow dung, oak / hawthorn scrub (1 ♀); pan tps., cow dung, scrub oak (1 ♂, 5 ♀); Crook Co., Black Hills Nat. For. Cook Lk. Rec. Area, 4 – 21. viii. 1990, FIT on poplar ridge, J. E. Swann (2 ♂, 1 ♀); Fremont – Teton Co., Togwotee Pass, 9600 ’, 16 – 24. viii. 1979, carrion meadow, malaise, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Red Gulch Rd., off Hwy. 14, 5 – 19. viii. 1990, near shell pans in sagebrush, in desert area, cow dung, J. E. Swann (59 ♂ *, 69 ♀); same as previous except near shell pans in grass hummock, in desert area, cow dung (10 ♂, 17 ♀); near shell pan tps. in barren, in area near cotton woods, cow dung, (3 ♂ *, 7 ♀); near shell pan tps. in barren area, near cotton woods, (9 ♂, 13 ♀); near shell pans in barren area near cottonwoods (21 ♂, 23 ♂); near shell pans in desert area, cow dung (12 ♂, 15 ♀); Sheridan Co., 20.3 km. W of Burgess Jct., Antelope Butte Rec. Area, 5 – 20. viii. 1990, pans along stream cow manure, J. E. Swann (4 ♂, 2 ♀); Sheridan Co., Black Mt., 5 – 20. viii. 1990, pine for. pans, cow dung, J. E. Swann (5 ♂, 13 ♀); Sheridan Co., Black Mt., off Hwy. 14, 5 – 20. viii. 1990, pine for. pans cow dung, J. E. Swann (4 ♂ *, 19 ♀); Sublette Co., 7 mi. N of Pinedale, 9000 ’, 16 – 24. viii. 1979, pine meadow, carrion malaise, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Uinta Co., 6 mi. E of Mt. View, 6800 ’, 1 – 11. viii. 1979, sagebrush, S. & J. Peck (2 ♂, 3 ♀); Unita Co., 8 mi. SE of Evanston, 7100 ’, 30. vii. – 11. viii. 1979, carrion, sage – grass, riparian, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Wind Riv. Mts., 20 mi. NE of Pinedale near Nelson Lk., 10400 – 11000 ’, 15 – 23. viii. 1979, carrion tundra, S. Peck (1 ♀).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFC6FFFBE4D8FC2CAED46673.taxon	materials_examined	ARGENTINA: Salta, 30 km. E of Salta Campo Quijano, 18 – 20. ii. 1992, dung tp. in for. remnant, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀). BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro, Teresopolis, Pedra do Sino, 2000 m, 14. iii. 1990, human dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀); Rio Grande do Sul Pelotas, vii. 1998, C. L. Bicho (10 ♂ *** – ill – w: debu 00105584, 00105619, 00105590, 00105604, 00105608, 00105609, 00105610, 00105586, 00105617, 00105585; 16 ♀ * – ill: 00105602, 00105594, 00105595, 00105605, 00105597, 00105599, 00105598, 00105611, 00105616, 00105587, 00105601, 00105593, 00105618, 00105600, 00105612, 00105603); same as previous except vii. 1999 (8 ♂: debu 00105634, 00105646, 00105645, 00105644, 00105641, 00105632, 00105624, 00105637; 16 ♀: 00105630, 00105638, 00105633, 00105629, 00105623, 00105639, 00105640, 00105631, 00105626, 00105625, 00105642, 00105643, 00105636, 00105627, 00105628, 00105635). CHILE: San Sebastian, 28. xii. 1992, dry riv., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂). SPAIN: Canary Is., Isla Gomera, El Cedro, 1100 m, 26. viii – 2. ix. 1992, laurel for., FIT, S. & J. Peck, 92 – 330 (1 ♀); correct data probably: Canary Is., Gomera, 1992, carrion tps., S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFC6FFFAE4D8FA49AC1466E1.taxon	materials_examined	ARGENTINA: Salta, Rosario de Lerma, INESALT yard, 16 – 28. ii. 1992, malaise, S. A. Marshall. BRAZIL: 15 km. NE of Porto Seguro, (Ecological Reserve “ Pau – Brasil ”), 19 – 27. ii. 1986, D. & V. Cristina & S. Amaorim (1 ♂ *); Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Bairro Barbado, 17. xi. 1990, Paganelli (1 ♀); Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, São Gerônimo, 4. iv. 1990, BPF Group (2 ♂, 2 ♀); Mato Grosso, Coxipó do Ouro, 17. xi. 1990, C. H. Paganelli (2 ♀); Mato Grosso, Poconé, Centro (14: 25 hs), 16. v. 1990, BDF Group (1 ♀); Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo Mury, 1000 m, 11. ii. 1990, swept off goat dung, open wet area, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Mato Grosso, Várzea Grande, Mapim, 15. iii. 1990, (5: 30 PM), BPF Group (1 ♂, 1 ♀). CANADA: NS: Lockpont, 4. ix. 1958, J. R. Vockeroth (1 ♂, data out of normal range). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Barahona, 4 km. E Barahona, 28 – 29. ix. 1985, dung, R. E. Woodruff (1 ♀); Monte Cristi, 3 km. N of Villa Elisa, 1 – 3. x. 1985, dung, R. E. Woodruff (2 ♀); Pedernales, 14.5 km. N of Cabo Rojo, 18 – 03 N, 71 – 39 W, 165 m, 13 – 19. vii. 1990, arid thorn – scrub, intercept tp., L. Masner, J. Rawlins, & C. Young (1 ♂, CMNH). ECUADOR: GALAPAGOS: Espanola, Bahia Manzanilla, 7 – 10. vi. 1985, sand beach carrion tp., S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, 3 ♀); Isabela, Sierra Negra, pampa, 1000 m, 4. iii. 1989, horse dung – swept, B. J. Sinclair (6 ♂, 6 ♀); Santiago, 3 km. NE of Aquacate Camp, 740 m, 5 – 9. vi. 1991, moss elfin for., FIT, S. Peck, 91 – 201 (1 ♂); St. Cruz, 4 km. N of Bellavista, Media Luna, 620 m, 14. v – 13. vii. 1985, FIT Miconia zone (2. vii), S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀); same as previous except 21 – 31. v. 1985, Miconia zone, dung tps. (1 ♀); 17 – 21. v. 1985, Miconia zone, carrion tps. (1 ♀); St. Cruz, Academy Bay, ECCD, 10. v – 14. vii. 1985, 30 m arid zone, thornscrub malaise – FIT, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, 1 ♀); St. Cruz, Academy Bay, ECCD “ Cuerva De Iguana ”, 8 km. N of Grieta, with water, 10. v. 1985, bait tp., S. & J. Peck (3 ♀ – ill); St. Cruz, agri. zone, 1 – 9. iv. 1989, malaise, Peck & Sinclair, 89 – 204 (1 ♀); St. Cruz, CDRS, arid zone, 5 – 9. ii. 1989, dung tp., B. J. Sinclair (1 ♂, CNCI); same as previous except 31. i – 9. ii. 1989, tortoise dung tp. (2 ♂ – w, 2 ♀); St. Cruz, CDRS, littoral zone, 4 – 9. ii. 1989, dung tp., B. J. Sinclair (16 ♂ * – ill, 23 ♀, 1?); St. Cruz, Las Gemelos, 31 km. N of Stn. Rosa, 570 m, 23. vi. 1985, Scalesia for., FIT & malaise, S. & J. Peck, 85 – 188 b (3 ♂ **, 2 ♀); St. Cruz, Media Luna, 550 m, 1 – 8. iv. 1989, Miconia malaise, S. Peck, 89 – 197 (1 ♀). GUATEMALA: Isabal, 300 m, Las Escobas, 16. xi. 1986, at light, M. J. Sharkey (1 ♂). JAMAICA: Clar. Portland Ridge. For., outside Port Cares., 11 – 15. viii. 1974, S. Peck (2 ♀); St. Catherine, 28. vii – 1. viii. 1974, dung under trees in horse pasture, Peck (1 ♀). SAUDI ARABIA: Quwayzah, E of Jeddah, 24. x. 2000, around camel urine, N. Gadallah (13 ♂ *: debu 00185789 *, 00185790, 00185791, 00185792, 00185793, 00185794, 00185795, 00185796, 00185797, 00185798, 00185799, 00185800, 00185801; 8 ♀: 00185802, 00185809, 00185805, 00185804, 00185803, 00185806, 00185807, 00185808). SPAIN: Canary Is., Isla Gomera, El Cedro, 1100 m, 1 – 3. ix. 1992, laurel for. dung tps., S. & J. Peck, 92 – 338 (1 ♂ *). ST. KITTS & NEVIS: Basseterre, 1 – 30. xi. 1985, FIT, long grass, B. J. Backland (2 ♀); Basseterre, 8 – 31. vii. 1985, FIT, coastal, L. D. Coote (2 ♀); Basseterre, 1 – 31. xii. 1985, pan tp., long grass, L. D. Coote (1 ♀); Bayford Dairy, 300 m, 1 – 15. xii. 1985, malaise, old field / for., L. D. Coote (1 ♀); Bessekire, 11 – 31. vii. 1985, intercept tp. long grass, L. D. Coote (2 ♂ *); Nevis, Dasents Estate, 28. viii – 21. ix. 1985, malaise, citrus orchard, 220 a, L. Coote (2 ♂, 1 ♀). TRINIDAD: St. George Co., N of Arima, Blanchisseuse Rd. 4 mi. post, Simla house, 27. v – 2. vi. 1987, rainfor. edge, malaise, M. Pickles (1 ♂: debu 00141007). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: FL: Alachua Co., Rd. 225, 2 – 5. vii. 1982, pig dung tp., K. L. Rench (1 ♂); Dade Co., Matheson Hammock, 15 – 16. vi. 1983, pig dung tps., R. E. Woodruff (1 ♂, 2 ♀); Dade Co., Hialeah 9. vii. 1971, at human feces, C. E. Stegnaier Jr. (5 ♂ ***, 7 ♀); Highlands Co., Carter Creek South, 27 ° 31 ' 6 " N, 81 ° 24 ' 34 " W, 7. ix. 2010, site 15, flight intercept trap, Deyrup et al. (1 ♂: debu 00362543); Manatee Co., Longboat Key, 3 – 4. vii. 1983, pig dung tps., R. E. Woodruff (1 ♀); Monroe Co., Everglades Nat. Pk., Royal Palm Hammock, 1. xi. 1984 – 3. iii. 1985, hammock for. malaise, FIT, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Marion Co., I 75, 4 mi. N of exit 67, 12 – 18. vi. 1983, pig dung tps., R. E. Woodruff (2 ♂); Marion Co., Ocala Nat. For., 7. vi. 1984, dung vac., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Marion Co., Ocala Nat. For., Silver Springs Wd, 22. vi. 1984, vac., wild mushroom, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); Monroe Co., Ohio Key, 13 – 16. xii. 1986, beach, Dune carrion tp., Peck & Klimaszewski (1 ♀ *); Highlands Co., 3 mi. N of Avon Pk., 14 – 18. vi. 1982, pig dung tps. in gopher burrow, R. E. Woodruff & K. L. Rench (1 ♂); Highlands Co., 7 mi NE of Cornwel, 14 – 18. vi. 1982, pig dung tps. in pasture, R. E. Woodruff & K. L. Rench (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Highlands Co., Lk. Placid, 2 – 3. xi. 1983, pig dung tps., R. E. Woodruff (1 ♂, 1 ♀). NY: AMNH., 5 th floor windows overlooking Roosevelt Pk., 19. vii. 1961 (1 ♀, AMNH, data out of normal range). TX: Brazos Co., College Stn., Lick Creek Pk., 30. iii – 5. iv. 2000, post oak savanna by creek malaise tp., M. Buck (1 ♀: debu 00114328); Hidalgo Co., Bentsen – Rio Grande Valley St. Pk., 21 – 25. v. 1971, willow – thorn for. near riv., dung, Newton (1 ♀); San Patricio Co., Welder Wildlife Refuge, site V, 21 – 23. v. 1999, H. & A. Howden (1 ♀: debu 00117850). VIRGIN ISLANDS: St. Thomas, Est. Bordeaux, 10. viii. 1980, molasses & dung pit fall tp., M. Ivie (1 ♀ * – ill).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFC7FFF9E4D8F9B4ACF466E1.taxon	materials_examined	BRAZIL: 15 km. NE Porto Seguro, (Ecological Reserve “ Pau – Brasil ”), 19 – 27. ii. 1986, primary Atlantic for., Shannon – tp., D. & V. Cristina & S. Amaorim (1 ♀); Minas Gerais, Instituto Estadual De Florstes, Parque Florestal Do Ibitipoca, 1700 m, 12. ii. 1990, swept near fresh dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, 1 ♀). COLOMBIA: Antioquia, La Ceja, 2100 m, 3. ii. 1984, manure pile (2 ♂ s, 6 ♀). COSTA RICA: Heredia, Rara Avis, El Plastico 1 st For. Mar. house, 580 m, 19 – 20. v. 1987, human dung, Norrbom (1 ♀); Puntarenas, Osa Peninsula, 2.5 km. S of Rincón, ~ 50 m, 8 ° 42 ’ 1 N, 83 ° 30 ’ 50 W, 10 – 11. viii. 2001, treefall, yellow pans, M. Buck (1 ♂: debu 00199840); Guanacaste, Ref. Nac. Fauna Silvestre, Rafael Lucas Rodriguez, Palo Verde, 10 m, xi. 1990, D. Acevedo, L – N – 259000, 888400 (3 ♂, 1 ♀). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Barahona, 4 km. E of Barahona, 28 – 29. ix. 1985, dung, R. F. Woodruff (2 ♂, 4 ♀); Monte Cristi, 3 km. N of Villa Elisa, 1 – 3. x. 1985, dung, R. E. Woodruff (13 ♂, 9 ♀); Puerto Plata, 22. i. 1989, sweep on wet trail, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂); San Juan, El Capa, 1 km. off rd. to Vallejuela, 21. v. 1985, B 1 tp., Nunez, Woodruff, & Stanger (1 ♀). ECUADOR: Napo Baeza, 2000 m, 1 – 10. iii. 1979, S. A. Marshall (4 ♂, 2 ♀); Cotopaxi, 40 km. N of Latacunga, 3350 m, 17 – 25. vii. 1985, paramo, carrion, S. & J. Peck (5 ♀); Cotopaxi, 45 km. NNE of Latacunga, 3700 m, 19 – 25. vii. 1985, carrion tp., shrub grass, paramo, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Pichincha Nono, 15 km NW of rd. to Mindo, 24. x. 1999, roadside sweep, cow dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂: debu 00115283; 1 ♀: debu 00115285); Pichincha Pk., 4 km. W of Aloag, 3000 m, 19 – 25. vii. 1985, carrion tp., pasture at ravine edge, S. & J. Peck (2 ♂ *, 3 ♀); Rio Palenque, 25 – 26. ii. 1976, dung tp., S. Peck (1 ♂). HONDURAS: Dpto. F. Morazan, El Zamorano, 22 – 29. vii. 1970, blacklight tp., G. F. Freytag (1 ♀: debu 00020362); Uyuca, 5900 ’, 3. vi. 1994, malaise, H. Howden (1 ♀); F. M., 6 km. SE of Zamorano, 7. vi. 1994, dung tp., H. Howden (1 ♂); Zamorano, 30. v. 1994, H. & A. Howden (4 ♂, 3 ♀). JAMAICA: St. Ann, Discovery Bay, 3 – 6. ix. 1974, dung, S. Peck, (7 ♂, 16 ♀); Montego Bay, ex. horse manure, 18. i. 1985, J. E. Corrigan (6 ♂, 4 ♀); St. Catherine, 28. vii – 1. viii. 1974, dung under trees in horse pasture, Peck (4 ♂, 3 ♀). MEXICO: 6 mi. S junction, Mex. 60, 68, 6500 ’, N 6 Mex, 27 – 30. v. 1971, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂); Chiapas, 2 mi. S of Trinitaria, 5100 ’, 21 – 24. viii. 1971, oak – tropical deciduous human dung, A. Newton (3 ♂, 5 ♀ *); Coahuila, Boquillas, 24 – 26. ix. 1979, pig dung tp., R. E. Woodruff, G. Fincher (23 ♂, 22 ♀); Hidalgo, 12 mi. SW of Jacala, 6200 ’, 23 – 30. vi. 1971, walnut, oak pine, dung, A. Newton (1 ♂); Quintana Roo, 45 km. NE of Ixtapa, 10 – 12. vii. 1987, B. Gill (2 ♂). ST. KITTS & NEVIS: Bayford Dairy, 300 m, 1 – 15. xii. 1985, malaise old field / for., L. D. Coote (1 ♂); Nevis, Dasents Estate, 220 m, 28. viii – 21. ix. 1985, malaise, citrus orchard, L. Coote (14 ♂, 10 ♀). TRINIDAD: St. George Co., Arima Ward, NY Zool. Soc. Stn., 11. vi. 1977, pig dung tp., R. Woodruff (1 ♂); UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: AZ: Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mts., 6 mi. ESE of Portal, 4150 ’, ix. 1970, desert grass human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂); St. Cruz. Co., 7 mi. WNW of Nogales, Calabasas Canyon, 3850 ’, ix. 1972, desert grass, dung, A. Newton (6 ♂ *, 4 ♀ *); St. Cruz Co., 8 mi. NNW of Nogales, Walker Canyon, 3900 ’, ix. 1970, oak woodland, dung, A. Newton (28 ♂ *, 14 ♀); St. Cruz Co., Santa Rita Mts., Madera Canyon, 5500 ’ ix. 1970, oak, human dung, A. Newton (2 ♂, 3 ♀). FL: Alachua Co., Gainesville (Hogtown Creek), 12. x. 1976, P. M. Choate & R. E. Woodruff (1 ♂ *, 4 ♀); Dade Co., Hialeah, 9. vii. 1971, at human feces, C. E. Stegmaier Jr. (1 ♂); Gainesville, UF Beef Farm, 13. vii. 1991, 1 A, G. Y. Hu (3 ♂, 3 ♀); Marion Co., Rd. 65, Ocala Nat. For., 18 – 23. vi. 1984, sand – pine, human dung tp., S. Marshall. MI: Gogebic Co., Crooked Lk. Bog, 23. vi. 1978, leg, Ber, otter dung & root mat. subst., J. Wagner (1 ♂). NM: Torrance Co., 6 mi. SW of Manzano, Red Can. cpgd, 75 – 9000 ’, 17 – 30. vi. 1979, spruce – fir litter, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀). TX: Big Bend Nat. Pk., Bouquillas Crossing, 25 – 26. ix. 1979, pig dung tp., R. Woodruff & G. Fincher (3 ♂, 3 ♀); Brewster Co., 3.5 mi. E of Marathon, 26 – 27. ix. 1979, dung tp., R. Woodruff & G. Fincher (8 ♂, 11 ♀); Cameron Co., Laguna Atascosa Nat. Wildlife Refuge, vii. 1972, thorn for., dung, A. Newton (2 ♂ * – ill, 8 ♀ * – ill); Hidalgo Co., Bentsen – Rio Grande Valley St. Pk., 21 – 25. v. 1971, willow – thorn for. near riv., dung, Newton (7 ♂ *, 3 ♀); Medina Co., 8 mi. E of Sabinal, Rt. 90, 22 – 28. ix. 1979, dung tp., R. Woodruff & G. Fincher (1 ♂); San Patricio Co., Welder Wildlife Ref., site V, 21 – 23. v. 1993, H. & A. Howden (1 ♂ – w: debu 00117844 – w); Terrell Co., 30 mi. E of Sanderson, 23 – 27. ix 1979, on pig dung, B. Woodruff & G. Fincher (4 ♂, 6 ♀); Uvalde Co., 10 mi. W of Uvalde, Nueces riv., Rt. 90, 22 – 27. ix. 1979, pig dung tp., Woodruff & Fincher (3 ♀); Val Verde Co., 17 mi. W Langtry, 23 – 27. ix. 1979, pig dung tp., H. Woodruff & G. Fincher (21 ♂, 13 ♀). VENEZUELA: Bergentina, 18. iv – 7. v. 1988, dry for. near ck., FIT, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Trujillo, Guaramacal Nat. Pk., 2000 – 3000 m, 26. viii – 1. ix. 1992, car net, L. Masner (1 ♀: debu 00152906). VIRGIN ISLANDS: St. Thomas, Est. Bordeaux, 10. viii. 1980, molasses & dung pit fall tp., M. Ivie (1 ♂).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFC4FF86E4D8F9B4A80166E1.taxon	materials_examined	CANADA: AB: Wagner Bog, 2 – 9. viii. 1985, pan tp. 1, Leg, A. T. Finnamore (1 ♀, PMAE); same as previous except pan tp. 2 (2 ♂, 1 ♀, PMAE); pan tp. 7 (3 ♂, PMAE); pan tp. 9 (1 ♂, PMAE); Wagner Bog, 12 – 25. vi. 1985, pan tp. 7, leg, A. T. Finnamore (1 ♂, PMAE); same as previous except pan tp. 8 (1 ♀, PMAE); Wagner Bog, 26. vi. – 2. vii. 1985, pan tp. 2, leg, A. T. Finnamore (3 ♀ *, PMAE); same as previous except pan tp. 5 (1 ♂, PMAE); Wagner Bog, 1 – 7. viii. 1985, pan tp. 1, leg, A. T. Finnamore (1 ♀, PMAE); same as previous except 3 – 11. viii. 1985, pan tp. 10 (2 ♂, PMAE); 6 – 13. viii. 1985, pan tp. 3 (1 ♂, PMAE); 10 – 16. viii. 1985, pan tp. 6 (1 ♂, PMAE); 16 – 22. viii. 1985, pan tp. 7 (1 ♂, PMAE); 17 – 24. viii. 1985, pan tp. 8 (1 ♂, PMAE); 25. vii – 1. viii. 1985, pan tp. 1 (1 ♂, PMAE). BC: Boundary Ck. Prov. Pk., 30. vii. 1980, sweeping, G. Gibson (3 ♂ *, CNCI); Osoyoos, Mt. Kobau, 560 m, 4. vi – 8. vii. 1991, D. Blades & C. Maier, SOCAP – LA 2 (17 * ♂, 11 * ♀, BCPM); same as previous except 8 – 13. vii. 1991, SOCAP – LA 3 (1 ♀, BCPM); 14. vii – 23. viii. 1991, SOCAP – LA 4 (1 ♂, 2 ♀, BCPM); 24 – 28. viii. 1991, SOCAP – LM 5 (1 ♀, BCPM); Osoyoos, Mt. Kobau, 1080 m, 1. vi. 1991, D. Blades & C. Maier, SOCAP – OS 1 D 1 (1 ♂, BCPM); Osoyoos, Mt. Kobau, 1100 m, 8 – 12. vii. 1991, D. Blades & C. Maier, SOCAP – OP 32 (1 ♀, BCPM). MB: Devils Lk., “ 100 km. S Grand Rapids ” (?), 7. vi – 16. ix. 1984, pine / aspen, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Erickson, 1 – 5. viii. 1983, mushroom pitfalls, DH Pengely & KN Barber (2 ♀). NB: St. Andrews, Gibson Lk., viii. 1978, pitfall tps., S. A. Marshall (3 ♂ ***, 1 ♀ *). NS: Antigonish Co., 1 km. N of Antigonish, 2. vi – 5. viii. 1984, FIT, L. MacMillan (1 ♂); Cape Breton Highlands Nat. Pk., Lone Shielding, PG 729861, 19 – 21. vii. 1983, FIT, D. & J. Bright (1 ♀). ON: Algonquin Prov. Pk., Swan Lk. stn., Scout Lk. Survey C 7, 28. vii – 05. viii. 1994, maple pans, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *); Bruce Co., Cameron Lk. Rd., S of spring fen, 20 – 29. vii. 1999, pan tp., S. A. Marshall (2 ♂ *: debu 00081687, 00081688 *; 1 ♀ *: 00081680 *); Bruce Co., Dunks Bay, 5 – 12. vii. 1999, dune malaise, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *: debu 00081777); Chaffeys Locks, Queens Univ. Bio. Stn., 12. ix. 1980, human dung, field, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *); same as previous except day field (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); cow dung (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Essex Co., Point Pelee Nat. Pk., Visitor Centre, 26. ix – 10. x. 2000, malaise & pans, O. Lonsdale (1 ♂ *: debu 01006828 *; 1 ♀ *: 00223246 *); Fergus, Marshall yard, 1. v. 1999, riverside algal mat, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂ – BOLDx 2); Fergus, 4 – 9. vii. 1990, pan tp. 1, floodplain, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀ *); same as previous except pan tp. 4 (1 ♀ *); 20 – 30. vi. 1990, pan tp. 4 (1 ♂ *); Flesherton, 15 – 17. vii. 1983, mushroom tps., in tamarack bog, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Griffith 7 mi. S, 19. vii. 1990, B. B. Cooper (1 ♀ *); Guelph, 29. vi. 1980, carrion, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀ *); Guelph, Hanlon Conservation Area, 25. vi. 1984, mushroom bait tp., K. Gilbert (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); same as previous except 29. vi – 7. vii. 1984, bait tp. carrion (2 ♂ **, 2 ♀ **); Hilton Beach, 10. vii – 20. viii. 1989, cedar swamp, pig dung pans, J. E. Swann (1 ♂: debu 00184643); Hilton Beach, 10. vi – 8. vii. 1989, cedar swamp, pan tps., pig dung, J. E. Swann (3 ♂ *** – ill, 1 ♀ * – ill); same as previous except red oak, pan tps., pig dung (4 ♂ * x 4 – ill, ♀ *); Hilton Beach, 19. viii – 16. ix. 1989, maple for. pan tps., J. E. Swaan (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); same as previous except 10. vi – 8. vii. 1989, pig dung (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Lanark Co., Watsons Cnrs, 4. viii. 1979, fish, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *); Oliver Bog, 3 km. S of Galt, 31. vii – 6. viii. 1987, pan tp. 2, expanse hollow, D. Blades, 02 bL (1 ♂ *); same as previous except 02 bk (1 ♀ *); 24 – 30. vii. 1987, 02 bK (1 ♂ *); 17 – 23. vii. 1987, pan tp. 3, flyway, O 3 J (1 ♀ *); Rondeau Prov. Pk., 25. vii. 1981, deer dung, S. Marshall (1 ♂ *); Waterloo Reg., Blair, rare, Resource House, 43 ˚ 22`53`N, 80 ˚ 21`28`W, 10. viii. 2006, sweeps over compost, M. D. Bergeron (2 ♂ – BOLDx 2: debu 00278064 – BOLD, 00278046 – BOLD). QC: Gatineau Pk., Lac Mousseau, 9. vi. 1980, Davies (1 ♀); Hull, 21. ix. 1983, wet flooded for., L. Dumouchel (3 ♂). SK: 50 mi. E Regina, 1. vii. 1980, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂). COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Monteverde Bio. Stn., 1500 m, 26. v. 1998, dung RET, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ – BOLD: debu 00227718 – BOLD). CUBA: Santiago, Gran Piedra, Met. Radar, 1100 m, 6 – 17. xii. 1995, elfin for., dung tps., S. Peck, 95 – 78 (1 ♀ *). MEXICO: Chiapas, 4.3 km. SW of Ocosingo, 1070 m, 29. vii. 1983, oak – pine for. litter, S. & J. Peck & R. Anderson (1 ♂); Oaxaca, 15.5 mi. S of Ixtlan de Juarez, 7600 ’, 10 – 18. viii. 1973, oak woodland, dung, A. Newton (1 ♂). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: AL: Bon Secour, NWR, 6. v. 1993, vac. off rotting mushroom, S. A. Marshall (3 ♂ ***, 2 ♀ ***); Monroe Co., 2 mi. E of Perdue Hill, Claiborne Mem. Br., iii. 1977, dung tp., Wiley & Woodruff (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *). AZ: 10 mi. NW of Flagstaff, San Francisco Mts., 9500 ’, 18 – 24. vii. 1979, spruce – fir – aspen meadow malaise, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *); Apache Co., Alpine, Luna Lk., 9 – 14. vii. 1979, pine meadows, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Cochise Co. Chiracahua Mts., E Turkey Ck., 6500`, 15 – 21. vii. 1978, dung tps., O. Kukal (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀); Cochise Co., 5100`, Coronado Nat. For., Chiricahua, Mt. Stewart cpgd., 16 – 18. viii. 1984, rd. dung, L. B. Carlson (1 ♂ *); Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., Miller Canyon, 6000 ’, ix. 1970, dung, oak woodland, R. Newton; Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., Carr Canyon, 7100 ’, ix. 1970, oak & evergreen, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂ *); Coronado Co., Bonito Pk., near Flagstaff, 5 – 9. viii. 1984, dung tp., B. V. Brown (1 ♂ *); Santa Cruz Co., 7 mi. WNW of Nogales, Calabasas Canyon, 3850`, ix. 1972, desert grass, dung, A. Newton (4 ♂ *** – BOLD, 2 ♀ * – BOLD). AR: Garland Co., 1.2 mi. N of Crystal Springs, Hwy 270, 6 – 8. iii. 1977, pig dung tp., Woodruff & Wiley (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Madison Co., 3 mi. S Brashers, 1600 ’, 19. vi – 12. vii. 1972, mixed hardwood for., dung, A. Newton (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Montgomery Co., 5.4 mi. E Ida, Hwy 270, 6 – 8. iii. 1977, pig dung tp., Woodruff & Wiley (1 ♂ *, 2 ♀ **); Newton Co., 20. viii. 1976, Edward Rogers (1 ♀, CASC); Wash Co., 3 mi. S Devils Den St. Pk., 28 – 31. v. 1979, oak hickory, S. & J. Peck (2 ♂ **, 1 ♀ *); Wash. Co., Devils Den St. Pk., Devils Den Cave, 28 – 31. v. 1979, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *). CO: Roatte Co., 5 mi. NE of Clark Hinman cpgd., 7600 ’, 23 – 25. vi. 1972, dung tp., (15 ♂). FL: Alachua Co., Gainesville, Hogtown Creek, 12. x. 1976, P. M. Choate & R. E. Woodruff (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Alachua Co., Gainesville, 2 – 5. vii. 1982, pig dung, horse pasture, K. L. Rench (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Alachua Co., Rd. 176, 11. v. 1983, carrion tp., K. W. Vick (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀); Broward Co., Hwy 84 mi 59, 12. xii. 1985, old carrion, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂ – BOLDx 2); Broward Co., 12. xii. 1985, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ – BOLD); same as previous except under cow dung (1 ♂ *); Clay Co., Gold Head Branch St. Pk., iv. 1971, mixed hardwood, human dung, A. Newton (2 ♂ **, 1 ♀ *); Clay Co., Gold Head Branch St Pk., 4 – 14. iv. 1971, carrion, A. Newton (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); same as previous except dung (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Highlands Co., Archbold Res. Stn., 15 – 16. iv. 1989, dung vac., K. N. Barber (1 ♂ *); Highlands Co., Archbold Bio. Stn., Lk. Placid, xi. 1979, D. Hardwick (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Highlands Co., Archbold Bio. Stn., Lk. Placid, xi. 1978, D. & V. Hardwick (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Highlands Co., Archbold Biol. Stn., Lk. Placid, Highlands Co., 10. v. 1985, M. Deyrup (1 ♂, 1 ♀, ABS); Highlands Co., Archbold Biol. Stn., Lk. Placid, Highlands Co., 4. v. 1983, malaise tp., tr. 1,550, M. Deyrup (1 ♂, ABS); same as previous except on unidentified scats (1 ♂, ABS); Highlands Co., Archbold Res. Stn., 17. iv. 1989, dung vac., S. A. Marshall (2 ♂ **); same as previous except 14. xii. 1985, vac. under carrion (2 ♂ * – BOLD); 12 – 16. xii. 1985, scrub, dung pitfall (1? *); 18. xii. 1985, on old carrion site (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); 12 – 16. xii. 1985, dung pan, scrub – sand (3 ♂ **, 1 ♀); 13. xii. 1985, at light (1 ♂ *); 17 – 21. xii. 1985, scrub dung (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Hendry Co., La Belle Capt., Hendry Rd., iv. 1971, pine, hardwood, near riv., human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Highlands Co., Flamingo Villas Pres., 27 ° 27 ' 5 " N, 81 ° 23 ' 7 " W, 6. x. 2010, site 7, flight trap, Deyrup et al. (1 ♀: debu 00363314); same as previous except 20. x. 2010, site 9, flight trap, Deyrup et al. (1 ♂: debu 00363508; 1 ♀: debu 00363507); 27. x. 2010, flight trap, Deyrup et al. (1 ♂: debu 00363364; 3 ♀: debu 00363365, 00363370, 00363372); Highlands Co., Highlands Hammock St. Pk., Old Hammock Trail, 15 – 21. xii. 1985, dung tp., S. A. Marshall & B. V. Brown (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Highlands Co., Archbold Bio. Stn., 13. xii. 1985, rot fungi, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); same as previous except 13 – 18. xii. 1985 (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); 16. xii. 1985, carrion residue (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Highlands Co., Archbold Biol. Stn., 6. x. 1964, P. H. Arnaud Jr. (2 ♀, CASC); Highlands Co., Highlands Hammock St. Pk., (orange grove), 14 – 18. vi. 1982, pig dung, Woodruff & Rench (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Highlands Co., 3 mi. N of Avon Pk., 14 – 18. vi. 1982, pig dung tps. in gopher burrow, R. E. Woodruff & K. L. Rench (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Lee Co., Sanibel Is., 27. iv – 3. v. 1983, dung, Carlson & Brown (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Marion Co., Ocala Nat. For., Oklawaha, 11 – 12. vi. 1984, swamp, dung tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *); Marion Co., Ocala Nat. For., Rd. 65, 1.5 mi. W of St. Rd. 19, 15 – 16. iii. 1984, dung, R. Woodruff (1 ♂ *); same as previous except Rd. 90, 8 mi. N of St. Rd. 19, pig dung tp., (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Marion Co., Ocala Nat. For., Silver Springs 11. vi. 1984, woods, human dung sand pine, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); same as previous except 7 – 11. vi. 1984, FIT (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); 22. vi. 1984, vac. wild mushroom (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Marion Co., Silver Springs Woods, Ocala Nat. For., 8 – 11. vi. 1984, human dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Marion Co., Rd. 65, Ocala Nat. For., 18 – 20. vi. 1984, sand – pine, human dung tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); same as previous except 18 – 23. vi. 1984 (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Marion Co., Salt Springs, Ocala Nat. For., 14 – 18. vi. 1984, pine, human dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Marion Co., Zay Prairie, Ocala Nat. For., 10 – 14. vi. 1984, mushroom tps. by shore, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *); Marion Co., Zay Prairie, Ocala Nat. For., 8 – 14. vi. 1984, carrion tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Okaloosa Co., 4.5 mi. N of Holt, Blackwater R. State For., A & M Res. Stn., pig dung, L. Stange (1 ♀ *); Okaloosa Co., 4.5 mi. N of Holt, Blackwater R. State For., A & M Res. Stn., 15 – 17. vi. 1978, pig dung, L. Stange (1 ♂ *); Polk Co., 2 mi. N of Lake Wales, 25 – 29. iv. 1983, pig dung tp., R. E. Woodruff (1 ♂ *); Polk Co., Rt. 27, 7 mi. N of I 4, 25 – 29. iv. 1983, pig dung tp., R. E. Woodruff (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Polk Co., Sunray Preserve, 27 ° 41 ' 23 " N, 81 ° 33 ' 49 " W, 17. v. 2010, scrub, flight trap, Deyrup et al. (1 ♂: debu 00363258); Putnam Co., Ocala Nat. For., Johnson Field cpgd, iv. 1971, mixed hardwood, human dung, A. Newton (2 ♂ **, 2 ♀ **); Sarasota Co., Myakka River St. Pk., 22 – 23. v. 1982, pig dung tp., R. E. Woodruff (2 ♂ **, 2 ♀ **); Suwannee Co., 8.7 mi. W of O`Brien, S – 349, 25. iv. 1977, pig dung tp. # 6, gopher tortoise burrow, Woodruff & Woley (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Volusia Co., Tomoka St. Pk., 20. vi. 1984, dung tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *). GA: Camden Co., 14 mi. N of Folkston, 10 – 18. iv. 1989, pan tp., human dung, J. E. Swann (1 ♂ *); Rabun Co., Terrora Pk., Tallulah Falls, 4 – 11. vi. 1983, pig dung tps., K. W. Vick (2 ♂ **, 2 ♀ **); Wilkinson Co., Big Sandy Ck., 4 mi. S of Irwinton, US 441, 5 – 25. vi. 1984, dung tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *). ID: Clark Co., 2 mi. E of Memphis, 6 – 10. vi. 1983, pig dung, K. W. Vick (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Lawrence Co., Hoosier Nat. For., Donaldson Trail, 19. v. 1991, J. E. Swann (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Putnam Co., near Cunot, Lieber St. Pk., 31. vii. 1984, vac. dog dung, L. B. Carlson (1 ♂ *). KY: Edmonson Co., Mammoth Cave Nat. Pk., 15. v – 20. viii. 1983, mesic for. FIT, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *, 2 ♀ *); Rowan Co., 24 km. SW of Morehead Cave, 14. v – 20. viii. 1983, Fagus for. FIT, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); same as previous except Run Lake (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *). LA: Grant Parish, 18 km. N of Alexandria, Stuart Lk. cpgd., 19. v – 17. viii. 1983, for. FIT, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *). MI: Gogebic Co., Crooked Lk. Bog, 15. viii. 1977, leg, J. Wagner (26 ♂, 14 ♀). MS: Forrest Co., 6 mi. W of Wiggins, Sweet Bay Bog, 5 – 8. v. 1994, Sphagnum, dung tps., S. A. Marshall (2 ♂ **, 1 ♀ *); Pontotoc Co., 32 km. SW of Tupelo “ Tackshish ” (?), mi 250, 17. v – 19. viii. 1983, oak for., FIT, Peck (1 ♂ *). MT: Ravalli Co., Bitterroot Nat. For., Sam Billings Mem. cpgd., 8 – 17. viii. 1990, pans along stream human dung, J. E. Swann (4 ♂). NC: Bladen Co., Singletary Lk. St. Pk., 34 ˚ 35 ’ N, 78 ˚ 27 ’ 3 W, pans, Marshall & Paiero (1 ♂: debu 00227144; 1 ♀: 00166568); Jackson Co., 2300 ’, Cullowhee, Cane Ck., 5 – 25. vi. 1984, riparian, dung tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Jackson Co., Blue Ridge Pkwy, Bear Paw Gap, mi. 29, 4500 ’, 5 – 27. vi. 1984, mushroom tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *). ND: Billings Co., Medora, Roosevelt Nat. Pk., 27. viii. 1979, sage grassland, carrion, S. & J. Peck (7 ♂, 1 ♀); Billings Co., Roosevelt Nat. Pk., 28. viii. 1979, carrion (1 ♂, 1 ♀). NH: Coos Co., 1 mi. NE, vii – 7. viii. 1986, FIT, D. S. Chandler (1 ♂). NM: Bernalillo Co., Isleta, 4900 ’, 16 – 20. vi. 1979, floodplain for., carrion, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀); Catron Co., 5 mi. W Luna, 7400 ’, San Francisco River Pond, 9 – 14. vii. 1979, pine – meadow, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *); Eddy Co., 30 mi. WSW of Carlsbad, Sitting Bull Falls, 4600 ’, 23 – 27. vii. 1975, dung 15, S. Peck (1 ♂ *); Lincoln Co., South Fork cpgd. 7, 7 mi. W of Angus, 7600 ’, 6 – 8. vii. 1972, dung (2 ♂ **); Santa Fe Nat. For., near Windsor cpgd., 27. v. 1991, spring near trail, J. E. Swann (1 ♂ *); Socorro Co., 20 mi. W Socorro, Water Canyon, 7000 ’, 28. vi. – 4. vii. 1979, mixed “ mesic ” for., S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *). NY: Lake Placid, 30. viii. 1979, dung tp., S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *). OK: Comanche Co., Wichita Mts. Refuge, 5 – 7. vi. 1979, shortgrass prairie, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Latimer Co., 5 mi. W Red Oak, 5 – 11. vi. 1977, dung tp., K. Stephen (7 ♂ * x 7). PA: Blue knob St. Pk., 3000 ’, 5. v. 1991, dear dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *); Trout Run, 28. ix. 1979, dog dung, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *). SC: 13 mi. W Orangeburg, 27. iii. 1980, S. A. Marshall & S. C. Weeses (1 ♂ *). TN: Servier Co., 7.9 mi. S of Gatlingburg, 3000 ’, 21 – 24. v. 1977, carrion, A. Newton (1 ♀ *). TX: Angelina Co., Angelina Nat. For., Boykin Cemetery, 13 – 17. vii. 1993, spring fen, dung, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂ **: debu 00128224 *, 00128192 *; 4 ♀ * x 4: 00128230 *, 00128347 *, 00128191 *, 00128195 *); Bastrop Co., Bastrop St. Pk., 24 – 27. v. 1983, oak woods, carrion tps., S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Bastrop Co., Bastrop St. Pk., 8. iv. 2000, mud lake shorepan tps., M. Buck (1 ♂ *: debu 00114100 *; 1 ♀ *: 00114050 *); Bouton Lk., 13 – 17. vi. 1993, dung & vac. tps., S. A. Marshall (2 ♂ **, 2 ♀ **); Brazos Co., College Station, Lick Ck. Pk., 5 – 9. iv. 2000, post oak savannah by ck. malaise tp., M. Buck (2 ♂ – BOLDx 2: debu 00117643 – BOLD, 00117645 – BOLD); same as previous except 28 – 30. iii. 2000, bottomland for. near ck., malaise tp. (1 ♂ – BOLD: debu 00109688 – BOLD); Cameron Co., Laguna Atacosa Nat. Wildlife Refuge, vii. 1972, thorn for., dung, A. Newton (2 ♀ **); Hidalgo Co., Bentsen – Rio Grande Valley St. Pk., 21 – 25. v. 1971, willow thorn for. near riv., dung, Newton (2 ♂ **, 1 ♀ *); Kimble Co., Llano River at Co. rd. 385, 1 – 2. iv. 2000, floodplain for., pig dung pitfalls, E. G. Riley (1 ♂ *: debu 00110642 *; 1 ♀ *: 00110635 *); Montgomery Co., 4.5 mi. N of Montgomery, 2. v – 17. vi. 1987, FIT, pine / black walnut for., R. S. Anderson (1 ♂ *); San Jacincto Co., Coldspring, Double Lk. cpgd, 22. v – 16. viii. 1983, FIT, S. & J. Peck, 83 – 14 (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); San Jacincto Co., 5 km. S Coldspring, Double Lk. cpgd., 22. v – 16. viii. 1983, for. FIT, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); same as previous except 22 – 24. v. 1983, for. carrion tp., Peck (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); San Patricio Co., Welder Wildlife Refuge, site V, 21 – 23. v. 1999, H. & A. Howden (1 ♂ *: debu 00117822 *; 1 ♀ *: 00117830 *); Uvalde Co., 10 mi. W of Uvalde, Nueces Riv., Rt. 90, 22 – 27. ix. 1979, pig dung tp., Woodruff & Fincher (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *); Warren, Kirby St. For., 12 – 17. vi. 1993, dung tps., S. A. Marshall (3 ♂ *, 3 ♀ *). UT: Dagget Co., Dutch John, 6300 ’, 2 – 8. viii. 1979, pinyon juniper, woodland, carrion, S. & J. Peck (3 ♂ ***). VA: Bath Co., 9.6 km. N of Clifton Forge, 13. v – 21. viii. 1983, Tsuga, Fagus for., FIT, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *); Prince William Co., 0.5 km. NE of Thorofare Gap, vic. Haymarket, 25. vi. 1966, P. H. Arnaud Jr. (1 ♀ *, CASC); Shenandoah Co., 16 km. S of Strasburg, 12. v – 22. viii. 1983, for. FIT, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀ *). WV: Pendleton Co., Spruce Knob, 4600 ’, 27. vii – 9. viii, conifer for., C. S. & A. Newton. WY: Crook Co., Black Hills Nat. For., Cook Lk. Conservation Area Rd., 4.2 km. E of cpgd., 4 – 21. viii. 1990, pans; cow dung, stream in pine for. with oak scrub, J. E. Swann (1 ♂ *); Sheridan Co., Black Mt., off Hwy. 14, 5 – 20. viii. 1990, pine for., pans cow dung, J. E. Swann (2 ♂ **); Sublette Co., Daniel, 7200 ’, 16 – 22. viii. 1979, carrion, sagebrush steppe, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *); Uinta Co., 6 mi. E Mt. View, 6800 ’, 1 – 11. viii. 1979, sagebrush, S. & J. Peck (2 ♂ **, 1 ♀ *); Uinta Co., 8 mi. SE of Evanston, 7100 ’, 30. vii – 11. viii. 1979, carrion, sage – grass, riparian, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂ *).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBBFF85E4D8F9B4AEB86449.taxon	materials_examined	CANADA: AB: Writing – On – Stone Prov. Pk., Sedges, 16 – 24. viii. 1990, M. Klassen (1 ♀); Writing – On – Stone Prov. Pk., 30. viii – 10. ix. 1990, malaise, T. S. & M. Klassen (1 ♀); Hailstone Butte, 601 m, W of Nanton, 21 – 23. vii. 1987, dung pans, alpine creek, sedge, willow moss, wet, S. Marshall (1 ♀); Jumping Pound Ck., 7. viii. 1980, dung vac., S. A. Marshall (1 ♀). BC: Haney, UBC research for., 3. vii. 1988, sweep near stream, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂ *). NS: Cape Breton Highlands Nat. Pk., Lone Shielding, PG 861731, 19. viii. 1983, pan tps., M. J. Sharkey (1 ♀). ON: Algonquin Prov. Pk., Swan Lk. Stn., Scott Lk. Survey, 10 – 17. vii. 1994, A 5 Sphagnum pans (1 ♀); Essex Co., East Sister Is. Nat. Reserve, 41 ° 49 ’ N, 82 ° 51 ’ W, 30. vii. 2003, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂: debu 00238524); Essex Co., Point Pelee Nat. Pk. De Laurier Trail, 8. vi. 2000, black light, E. Reichert & O. Lonsdale (1 ♀: debu 01001031); Kent Co., Rondeau Prov. Pk., Spicebush Trail, 42 18 ’ 9 ” N, 81 51 ’ 6 ” W, 15. viii – 7. ix. 2003, Carolinian for., malaise, Marshall et al. (1 ♀: debu 01139007); Kent Co., Rondeau Prov. Pk., Visitor Centre, 42 46 ’ 50 N, 81 50 ’ 38 W, 16 – 17. vi. 2003, mercury vapour light, M. Buck (1 ♀ *: debu 01125162 *); Ottawa, 6. ix. 1984, swept from liquid manure pit, (1 ♂, 1 ♀). SK: Grant N, 08. viii. 1998, dead cow, C. Christopherson (1 ♂ – w, 1 ♀); Grant E, Grasslands Nat. Pk., 26. viii. 1998, dead cow H, leg, C. Christopherson (1 ♀); same as previous except dated 08. viii. 1998 (2 ♂, 1 ♀). COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, 2000 m, 12. vii. 1995, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀). JAMAICA: St. Catherine, 28. vii – 1. viii. 1974, dung under trees in horse pasture, Peck (6 ♀). MEXICO: Baja California Sur, 5 mi. E of Santa Marta, 10100 ’, km. 8.5, 29. viii – 4. ix. 1971, fir for., human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂, 1 ♀). SAUDIA ARABIA: Quwayzah, E of Jeddah, 24. x. 2000, around camel urine, N. Gadallah (9 ♂ **: debu 00185776 *, 00185777 *, 00185778, 00185779, 00185780, 00185781, 00185782, 00185783, 00185784; 4 ♀: debu 00185785, 00185786, 00185787, 00185788). UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: AZ: Apache Co., Alpine Luna Lk., 7900 ’, 9 – 14. vii. 1979, pine – meadows, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Buckeye, Buckeye Rec. Area, 21. iv. 1979, K. N. Barber (1 ♀); Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mt., 6 mi. ESE of Portal, 4150 ’, ix. 1970, desert grassland, human dung, A. Newton (1 ♂); Cochise Co. Chiracahua Mts., 7000 ’, 15. vii. 1978, dung, O. Kukal, (1 ♀); Cochise Co., Huachuca Mts., Carr Canyon, 7100 ’, ix. 1970, oak & evergreen, human dung, A. Newton (3 ♂); Coronado Co., Bonito Pk., near Flagstaff, 5 – 9. viii. 1984, dung tp., B. V. Brown (1 ♂); Flagstaff, Oak “ ok. osn. ” (?), 5900 ’, 17 – 25. vii. 1979, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Madera Canyon, 14. v. 1977, dung, J. Helaud (1 ♀); same as previous except dung, dung tp. (1 ♀); Navajo Co., 15 mi. SE of Holbrook, 5300 ’, 14 – 16. vii. 1979, grassland carrion tps., S. & J. Peck (5 ♂); Santa Cruz Co., 7 mi. WNW of Nogales, Calabasas Canyon, 3850 ’, ix. 1972, desert grass, dung, A. Newton (1 ♂). AR: Wash Co., 3 mi. S of Devils Den St. Pk., 28 – 31. v. 1979, oak – hickory, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀). CA: Marin Co., San Anselmo, 17. iv. 1980, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀); Santa Clara Co., Del Peurto Rd. (Rd 130), 28. v. 1992, J. Skevington (1 ♀). FL: Okaloosa Co., 4.5 mi N of Holt Blackwater Riv. St. For., A & M Res. Stn., 15 – 17. vi. 1978, pig dung, L. Stange (1 ♂ *). NM: Bernalillo Co., Isleta, 4900 ’, 16 – 20. vi. 1979, floodplain for., carrion, S. & J. Peck (6 ♂ ***, 5 ♀); Catron Co., 6 mi. S of Luna, 8000 ’, 9 – 14. vii. 1979, pond, pine for., S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Catron Co., 5 mi. W of Luna, San Francisco River Pond, 7400 ’, 9 – 14. vii. 1979, pine – meadows, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Eddy Co., 30 mi. WSW of Carlsbad, Sitting Bull Falls, 4600 ’, 23 – 27. vii. 1975, dung 15, S. Peck (1 ♂); Lincoln Co., 1 mi. N of Sierra Blanca Ski, 11000 ’, 10 – 26. vi. 1979, alpine grass meadow, carrion, S. & J. Peck (16 ♂, 19 ♀); Sandoval Co., Bernalillo, 5100 ’, 20 – 24. vi. 1979, grassland carrion, S. & J. Peck (6 ♂, 10 ♀); Santa Fe Co., 14 mi. NE of Santa Fe, 9600 ’, 18. vi – 3. vii. 1979, aspen w / stream, S. & J. Peck (6 ♂, 4 ♀); Santa Fe Co., Santa Fe, Baldy, 10800 – 11800 ’, 19. vi – 4. vii. 1979, spruce – fir – tundra, S. & J. Peck (20 ♂ **, 28 ♀); Socorro Co., 20 mi. W of Socorro, Water Canyon, 7000 ’, 28. vi – 7. vii. 1979, mixed “ mesic ” for., S. & J. Peck (10 ♂, 6 ♀ *); Socorro Co., S. Baldy Pk., 10400 ’, 20 mi. W Socorro, 28. vi – 7. vii. 1979, alpine meadow, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂); Torrance Co., 6 mi. SW of Manzano, Red Can. cpgd., 75 – 9000 ’, 17 – 30. vi. 1979, spruce – fir litter, S. & J. Peck (20 ♂ * x 4, 24 ♀, 1?); same as previous except 7500 ', malaise pine fir for. (1 ♂); Valencia Co., 2 mi. W of Los Lunas, 4900 ’, 16 – 30. vi. 1979, desert grassland carrion tps., S. & J. Peck (33 ♂ ** – ill, 52 ♀ ** – ill). NC: Swain Co., Great Smokey Mts. Nat. Pk., Ravens Fork / Oconoluftee River confluence, 4. v. 2001, W. Reeves (1 ♀: debu 00166807). OK: Comanche Co., Wichita Mts. Refuge, 5 – 7. vi. 1979, shortgrass prairie, S. & J. Peck (2 ♀); Lattimer Co., 5 mi. W of Red Oak, 5 – 11. vi. 1977, dung tp., K. Stephen (2 ♀). TX: Cameron Co., Laguna Atascosa Nat. Wildlife Refuge, vii. 1972, thorn for., dung, A. Newton (1 ♀); Randall Co., 3420 ’, Palo Duro Can. St. Pk., 7 – 9. vi. 1979, mesquite – prairie, S. & J. Peck (2 ♂, 7 ♀); Randall Co., Palo Duro Canyon St. Pk., 26. v. – 7. vi. 1991, pans baited with Opuntia, J. E. Swann (9 ♂, 1 ♀). UT: Dagget Co., Dutch John, 6300 ’, 2 – 8. viii. 1979, pinyon juniper, woodland, carrion, S. & J. Peck (4 ♂ **, 5 ♀ *, 2?); Duchesne Co., Mirror Lk., 10300 ’, 30. vii – 12. viii. 1979, spruce fir meadow, carrion – malaise, S. & J. Peck (6 ♀); Summit Co., Henry’s Fork Park, 9000 ’, 1 – 10. viii. 1979, meadow w / willow malaise, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Summit Co., NW side of Gilbert Peak, 11500 – 12500 ’, 1 – 10. viii. 1979, tundra carrion, S. & J. Peck (2 ♂, 6 ♀). WY: Big Horn Co., 10 mi. E of Lovell, 3800 ’, 17 – 26. viii. 1979, sagegrass – barren carrion, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀); Red Gulch Rd. off Hwy. 14, 5 – 19. viii. 1990, near shell pans in grass hummock in desert area, cow dung, J. E. Swann (3 ♀); same as previous except near shell pans in desert area, cow dung (3 ♂, 2 ♀); near shell pans in barren area near cottonwoods (2 ♂, 4 ♀); near shell pan tps. in barren area near cottonwoods, cow dung (1 ♂); Uinta Co., 6 mi. E of Mt. View, 6800 ’, 1 – 11. viii. 1979, sagebrush, S. & J. Peck (2 ♂ **, 7 ♀); Uinta Co., 8 mi. SE of Evanston, 7100 ’, 30. vii – 11. viii. 1979, carrion, sage – grass, riparian, S. & J. Peck (2 ♂ *, 1 ♀). RUSSIA: Siberia Novosibirsk Region, Chany Lk. Bio. Stn., 5. vii. 1991, swept over dirty mud / cow dung / algae, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFB9FF84E4D8FF5DAF79629B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: South Africa.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFB9FF84E4D8FE71AF1C61B7.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oriental: Thailand.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFB9FF84E4D8FC85AF7360C3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oriental: Nepal, Thailand.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFB9FF84E4D8FB99AE0267DF.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: Nigeria, Tanzania, Zanzibar.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFB9FF84E4D8FAADADF0655E.taxon	description	Figs. 78 – 88 Coproica coreana Papp, 1979 a: 98 [both sexes, phylogenetic notes, illustr.]. Type locality: North Korea, Prov. South Pyongan, Changlyong san, 50 km N of Pyongyang and 15 km E from from Sa – gam. HT male (HNHM).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFB9FF84E4D8FAADADF0655E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. THAILAND: Kanchanaburi, 19. viii. 1989, T. Hayashi (6 ♂ ** – ill. – w, 6 ♀ ** – ill.).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFB9FF84E4D8FAADADF0655E.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oriental: China (HKG), Pakistan, Taiwan, Thailand; Palaearctic: Japan, North Korea, South Korea.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFB9FF84E4D8F92DAFB2646B.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: Nigeria, Tanzania.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBEFF83E4D8FF14AF3562C1.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Palaearctic: Mongolia.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBEFF83E4D8FF14AF3562C1.taxon	discussion	Comments. The structure referred to as the “ terminal process of the male hypopygium ” by Papp (1973) and as the “ postgonite ” by Papp (2008) is in fact a process on the male cercus. This structure is homologous to the cercal process in C. pappi (Fig. 203, 204).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBEFF83E4D8FD94AEA66089.taxon	description	Figs. 101 – 111	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBEFF83E4D8FD94AEA66089.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HUNGARY: Tata erdõ Öreg – tó, faeces – csapda, 22. viii. 1959, leg., Mihalyi (1 ♂ *, 1 ♀). PAKISTAN: Nathiagali, NWFP, 27 – 30. vii. 1988, T. Hayashi; (6 ♂ *** – illx 2 – w, 6 ♀ *** – ill).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBEFF83E4D8FD94AEA66089.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oriental: Pakistan; Palaearctic: Afghanistan, Bulgaria, Canary Is. (Spain), Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Hungary, Israel, Italy (incl. Sardinia), Kirghizia, Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain (incl. Balearic Is.), Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBEFF83E4D8FC5CAF2C6786.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: Tanzánia.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBEFF83E4D8FB56AFE66692.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: Ghana, Nigeria, Zanzibar.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBEFF83E4D8FA6AAE3A6412.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Australasian / Oceanian: Easter I. (= Isla de Pascua).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBEFF83E4D8FA6AAE3A6412.taxon	discussion	Comments. Coproica insulaepasqualis was described as a subspecies of C. ferruginata, and subsequently raised to the species level. This species is likely a junior subjective synonym of C. ferruginata. The type specimen for this species could not be located to test this hypothesis.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBFFF82E4D8FF14AFA1625C.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oriental: India, Japan (Okinawa).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBFFF82E4D8FE2FA9B067B6.taxon	description	Figs. 18, 24, 178 – 188	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBFFF82E4D8FE2FA9B067B6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ???: koiiogs fahl Sihijaea 16 8 20 AL Melander Collection 1961 (1 ♂, USNM); Jifeld S – Harz Duda 28 8 9 (1 ♂); 6 4 17 St. Wendal Rheinl. Duda (1 ♂ *). AUSTRIA: Austria, Tirol, Kleines Walsertal, Widderstein, ~ 1800 m, 24. ix. 1994, old cow pats, M. Buck (4 ♂ * – w: debu 00154167, 00154168, 00154169 *, 00154170 – w, 00154171; 1 ♀: 00154172). FRANCE: Besse, Puy de Doma, 1. viii. 1926, O. W. Richards (1 ♂, 1 ♀); Haras de Jardy, Fr. Amer., 14. x. 1961, McG x Cow Dung, S & O Vaucresson. HUNGARY: South Hungary, Kiskunsagi Nat. Pk. Kunfeherto (lake), 19 .. viii. 1981, leg, on donkey excrement, J. Roháček (1 ♀ *). PAKISTAN: Northwest Frontier Prov., Nathiagali, 27 – 30. vi. 1988, T. Hayashi; (6 ♂ ** – ill, 6 ♀ * – ill). POLAND: 4 10 K Wustune b. Habelschwerdt I. Duda AL Melander Collection 1961 (1 ♀, USNM). SLOVAKIA: Slovakia cr., Slovensky kras Brzotin nr. Rozneva, 4. ix. 1980, leg, on cow excrement, J. Roháček (2 ♂ **); Slovakia cr., Slovensky kras Turna n. B., 1. ix. 1980, leg. on cow excrement, J. Roháček. SWITZERLAND: Canton Luzern, Entlebuch Graben Matteli, 800 m, 3 – 4. viii. 1974 (4 ♀).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBFFF82E4D8FE2FA9B067B6.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Australasian / Oceanian: Papua New Guinea; Oriental: China (HKG), India (Uttar Pradesh), Pakistan, Taiwan; Palaearctic: Afghanistan, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France (incl. Corsica), Germany, Great Britain, Greece (incl. Crete), Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy (incl. Pantelleria I., Sardinia), Japan, Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Macedonia, Madeira (Portugal), Morocco, Netherlands, North Korea, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia (CET, FE, NET, SET), Serbia, Slovakia, Spain (incl. Balearic Is.), Sweden, Switzerland, Tadjikistan, Tunisia.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBFFF82E4D8FA86AF3866A3.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: Guinea.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBFFF82E4D8FA79A84D644E.taxon	description	Figs. 212 – 222 Coproica pappi Carles – Tolrá, 1990 a: 35 [both sexes, phylogenetic notes, illustr.]. Type locality: Spain, Province Gerona, Mieres. HT male (CTB).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBFFF82E4D8FA79A84D644E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. HUNGARY: Kiskunság N. P. Bugac, 18. ix. 1980, on horse excrement, leg, L. Papp (3 ♂ *** – ill – w, 1 ♀ – ill).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBFFF82E4D8FA79A84D644E.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Palaearctic: Hungary, Slovakia, Spain.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBFFF82E4D8FA79A84D644E.taxon	discussion	Comments. The structure referred to as the “ postgonite ” by Papp (2008) is a process on the male cercus.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBCFF81E4D8FF14AFC4625C.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: Ethiopia, South Africa.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBCFF81E4D8FE2FAF796169.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: South Africa.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBCFF81E4D8FD3CA87067EC.taxon	description	Figs. 223 – 233	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBCFF81E4D8FD3CA87067EC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ???: 16 8 20 Kimigati (1 ♂); 4 10 K; AL Melander Collection, 1961 (1 ♂, USNM). GERMANY: Bavaria, Distr. Neu – Ulm, Senden Hittistetten, 1.5 km. E, 487 m, 48 20 ’ 0 N, 10 7 ’ 0 E, 12 – 19. viii. 1993, arable field carrion tp., M. Buck (2 ♂: debu 00154276 *, 00154277 * – ill; 1 ♀: 00154278 * – ill); same as previous except dated 1 – 8. vii. 1993 (1 ♀: debu 00154368); Bavaria, Distr. Neu – Ulm, Senden Hittistetten, 1.5 km E, 487 m, 48 20 ’ 0 N, 10 7 ’ 0 E, 8 – 15. vii. 1993, meadow, carrion tp., M. Buck (1 ♂ – w: debu 00154232 – w); 28 4 28 Herten Westf. Duda. GREAT BRITAIN: 16454, Coll & Det by O. W. Richards (1 ♂). RUSSIA: Siberia Novosibirsk Region, Cherny Mis, 22 – 30. vi. 1991, pan tps. along riv. near village, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBCFF81E4D8FD3CA87067EC.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: all records are doubtful; Oriental: Pakistan; Palaearctic: Afghanistan, Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Japan, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Mongolia, Russia (NET, ES, SET), Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBCFF81E4D8FABFAF0666F9.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: Zaire.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBCFF81E4D8F9CCAF6F6414.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oriental: Thailand, Vietnam.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBDFF80E4D8FF14ACCD6199.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. KENYA: Masai Mara Nat. Pk., 10 – 11. vii. 1988, ex. buffalo dung, yellow pan tp., B. J. Sinclair (2 ♂ * – w, 4 ♀ *).	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBDFF80E4D8FF14ACCD6199.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Afrotropical: Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBDFF80E4D8FF14ACCD6199.taxon	discussion	Comments. Specimens of Coproica serra were identified on the basis of genitalic figures in Papp, 2008. The ventral row of thickened bristles on the surstylus makes males of this species easily recognizable. The species also appears to have a ventral orange spot on the first flagellomere, a character that was overlooked by both Richards (1938) and Papp (2008). This orange spot was faint in some specimens examined, yet distinct in others. The anterior katepisternal bristle was noted as absent by both Richards (1938) and Papp (2008), but is here determined to be present, though minute.	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBDFF80E4D8FD6CAF1B60B4.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oriental: Thailand	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
038987C1FFBDFF80E4D8FB87AECD67C1.taxon	distribution	Distribution: Oriental: India, Thailand, Vietnam; Palaearctic: China (BEI)	en	Bergeron, Matthew D., Marshall, Stephen A., Swann, John E. (2015): A review of the New World Coproica (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae) with a description of 8 new species. Zootaxa 3953 (1): 1-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3953.1.1
