identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0396F92EFFCCB828E9BDBAFDFA97FE11.text	0396F92EFFCCB828E9BDBAFDFA97FE11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiconoma witti , Laguerre 2016	<div><p>Apiconoma witti Laguerre, 2016</p><p>(Figs 1–3)</p><p>Material examined:  2♂♂ “ BR, PB, Mamanguape/ REBIO Guaribas/ 02–03.IX.2023 / EVT, SDB, APC cols.” [DSEC0004503 LP], [DSEC0004504 LP] .</p><p>Taxonomy</p><p>Phenotypic variation (Fig. 1A, B). Head: antenna bipectinate, dark gray; palpus yellow, similar to ventral coloration of the thorax; second palpal segment much larger than the first and third; third segment rounded and dark; second segment yellow ventrally, dark dorsally; first segment with long yellow scales; proboscis present, functional. Thorax: dorsally dark brown; ventrally cream-yellow; patagium with dark edges and a central yellow circular shape; tegulae with a yellow line widening anteriorly. Legs: coxae and tibia cream-yellow and pilose ventrally; gray dorsally and laterally; hind leg with two pairs of tibial spurs; middle leg with one pair. Forewing: wingspan 14 mm; dorsally dark brown with yellowhighlighted veins, especially near the apex; two large, translucent, yellow oval spots distinguish this phenotype from the standard; basal spot projects horizontally; apical spot, vertically; ventral surface similar, with a prominent yellow patch at the wing base merging with the basal oval spot. Hindwing: wingspan 5 mm, reduced compared to the forewing, quadrilateral shape; overall yellow coloration, except for the outer margin with a distinctive dark band and indentations; anal angle with light yellow hairs; ventral side similar, with more prominent hairs. Abdomen: very pilose, yellow overall with dark last segments; three distinct metallic blue bands on the posterior segments, with a less evident band on the terminal segment; dark hair tuft on the last segment; ventrally, three anterior segments show vertical lines expanding posteriorly on each segment.</p><p>Standard Form vs. Variant Form. The most striking difference between the standard form of  A. witti (Fig. 1C, D) and its variant form is the presence of two yellow oval spots on the forewing of the variant, which makes it appear more similar to other species in the genus. However, despite this resemblance, the genitalia clearly link the variant form to the standard one. Additionally, the variant form lacks the small bluish-gray spot found on the forewing of the standard form.</p><p>Biogeographical remarks. In the original description of  A. witti, Laguerre used three specimens: the male holotype and two paratypes (one male and one female), collected from the states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo in southeastern Brazil. All type series material exhibits the standard wing pattern (Fig. 1C, D), characterized by dark brown coloration and a lack of yellow-orange markings. In direct communication with Dr. Laguerre, we learned that he possesses two specimens from Camacã, Bahia, exhibiting this distinct variation, labeled as follows: 1♂ “ Brazil, Bahia, Camacan, Reserva Serra Bonita, V- 2010, 800 m, 15°23’S 39°33’W, V.O. Becker leg.” in MNHG, dissected Gen. ML2925, and 1♂ “ Brazil, Bahia, Camacan, Reserva Serra Bonita, 24-XI to 2-XII- 2013, 800 m, uvl, 15°23’S 39°33’W, B. Landry &amp; V. Becker leg.” in MNHG, sequenced Process ID ARCTD1340-19, BOLD ID MILA 2204 (yellow printed label).</p><p>Another important point to note is that moths of the genus  Apiconoma typically exhibit pronounced sexual dimorphism, as seen in  A. opposita, for example. However, the females of  A. mojui remain unknown, as do the females of the phenotypic variation of  A. witti, which we describe in this work. To date, only the female of the standard form of  A. witti has been documented.</p><p>An analysis of collection records for  Apiconoma species indicates that the distribution of  A. opposita and  A. mojui is primarily associated with the Amazon Basin, while  A. witti is confined to the Atlantic Forest. Due to the high similarity between  A. mojui and  A. opposita, some specimens and observations identified as  A. opposita may actually belong to  A. mojui, especially in areas near the type locality of  A. mojui . For these locations, we have marked a “?” symbol on the map.</p><p>Through our collections, we have extended the known range of  A. witti, and by extension the genus, into the Northeastern Atlantic Forest of Brazil, north of the São Francisco River. Previously, the closest confirmed record of the species was from Camacã, Bahia, approximately 1,050 km from our current collection site.</p><p>To create the species distribution map (Fig. 3) presented in this study, we used data from the type localities in the original descriptions, literature records (Teston &amp; Ferro 2016, Valente &amp; Teston 2022, Teston et al. 2020), direct communication with Dr. Laguerre and iNaturalist observations marked as “research grade”, meaning the identification was confirmed by multiple independent observers.</p><p>iNaturalist observations</p><p>Apiconoma opposita (Walker): FRENCH GUIANA. Cayenne: Montsinéry-Tonnegrande, Lat. 4.90597, Lon. - 52.591705, 16.III.2024. Photo by: elendil_c (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/206403269). Cayenne: Montsinéry-Tonnegrande, Lat. 4.9047409092, Lon. -52.5727318001, 06.III.2021. Photo by: Jérémie Lapèze (https:// www.inaturalist.org/observations/222071122). Cayenne: Sinnamary, Lat. 5.274750398, Lon. -52.9236692219, 08.X.2023. Photo by: Eloise Kerroux (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/152542263). Cayenne: Kourou, Guiana Space Center, Lat. 5.1279570424, Lon. -52.8307933266, 13.VI.2020. Photo by: elendil_c (https://www.inaturalist.org/ observations/78496635). Cayenne: Kourou, Lat. 5.0974821387, Lon. -52.7672428607, 20.V.2020. Photo by: Jérémie Lapèze (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/205739949). Cayenne: Roura, Lat. 4.6575413637, Lon. -52.415770329, 03.II.2024. Photo by: Jérémie Lapèze (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/205732573). PERU. Madre de Dios: Tambopata, Tambopata National Reserve, Lat. -12.2257083333, Lon. -69.1145316667, 31.V.2021. Photo by: Jose Cueva Santos (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/82216637). SURINAME. Sipaliwini: Tapanahony, Lat. 5.0673400369, Lon. -54.4410380323, 19.XI.2019. Photo by: Gerry van Tonder (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/35869008); same as the above, 16. XII. 2019. Photo by: Gerry van Tonder (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/36710708). same as the above, Lat. 5.1257034512, Lon. -54.5485226065, 31.XII.2019. Photo by: Wildman (https://www.inaturalist.org/ people/eslabbert).</p><p>Apiconoma witti Laguerre: BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Iguaçu, Reserva Biológica do Tinguá—ICMBio, Lat. -22.58624, Lon. -43.43827, 21.V.2019. Photo by: Diogo Luiz (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/34646606).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0396F92EFFCCB828E9BDBAFDFA97FE11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tavares, Eduardo Vasconcelos;Bó, Saulo Dal;Melo, Ana Beatriz De Medeiros;Pereira-Colavite, Alessandre	Tavares, Eduardo Vasconcelos, Bó, Saulo Dal, Melo, Ana Beatriz De Medeiros, Pereira-Colavite, Alessandre (2025): Phenotypic variation in Apiconoma witti Laguerre, 2016 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae), with a distribution map for the genus and an identification key to the species. Zootaxa 5604 (2): 191-194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.2.9
0396F92EFFCFB828E9BDBC49FA6EFC3E.text	0396F92EFFCFB828E9BDBC49FA6EFC3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apiconoma undefined-1	<div><p>Key to  Apiconoma species</p><p>1. Forewing entirely brown, lacking yellow and semi-transparent oval marks, with a small bluish dot; if bluish dot absent, then hindwing with margin not too darkened.........................................  Apiconoma witti Laguerre (in part)</p><p>1’. Forewing with at least one yellow stripe or oval mark........................................................ 2</p><p>2(1’). Forewing dark, with only one yellow transverse band relatively close to the apex of the wing; hindwing completely dark........................................................................  Apiconoma opposita (Walker) (female)</p><p>2’. Forewing dark brown, with two oval yellow markings on the wing.............................................. 3</p><p>3(2’). Male genitalia laterally showing the valva three times longer than wide (Fig. 2A, B); annellus short, with a sharp, pointed apex directed outward (Fig. 2B)...................................................  Apiconoma witti Laguerre (in part)</p><p>3’. Male genitalia laterally showing the valva two to three times longer than wide; annellus elongated..................... 4</p><p>4(3’). Male genitalia laterally showing the valva twice as long as wide, distinctly constricted in the middle, like an indentation; annellus elongated, with a rounded apex pointing outward.............................  Apiconoma opposita (Walker)</p><p>4’. Male genitalia laterally showing the valva two to three times longer than wide; annellus elongated, with a pointed apex directed outward.......................................................................  Apiconoma mojui Laguerre</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0396F92EFFCFB828E9BDBC49FA6EFC3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tavares, Eduardo Vasconcelos;Bó, Saulo Dal;Melo, Ana Beatriz De Medeiros;Pereira-Colavite, Alessandre	Tavares, Eduardo Vasconcelos, Bó, Saulo Dal, Melo, Ana Beatriz De Medeiros, Pereira-Colavite, Alessandre (2025): Phenotypic variation in Apiconoma witti Laguerre, 2016 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae), with a distribution map for the genus and an identification key to the species. Zootaxa 5604 (2): 191-194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5604.2.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5604.2.9
