identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0394879BB77B221AA1B7997DB979B4EB.text	0394879BB77B221AA1B7997DB979B4EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphingius bilineatus Simon 1906	<div><p>Sphingius bilineatus Simon, 1906</p><p>Figs 1–8</p><p>Sphingius bilineatus Simon, 1906: 301 (♀); Gravely 1931: 272, fig. 19J–K (♂ ♀). Sankaran et al. 2020: 511, fig. 5A–B (♂ ♀).</p><p>Sphingius barkudensis Gravely, 1931: 271, fig. 19G–H (♂ ♀) [for a complete list of references, see World Spider Catalog (2025)]. syn. nov.</p><p>Type material. S. bilineatus: holotype ♀, INDIA: Puducherry: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.53333/lat 11.7)">Mahé</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=75.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 75.53333/lat 11.7)">Mayyazhi</a> (11°42'N 75°32'E; 2 m a.s.l.), May– November 1901, leg. M.M. Maindron, repository MNHN (AR17739; Simon’s number 16197), examined based on photographs. S. barkudensis: lectotype ♂ and paralectotype 2♀, INDIA: Odisha: Ganjam: Chilika Lake: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.13333/lat 19.55)">Barkuda Island</a> (19°33'N, 85°08'E; 13 m a.s.l.), 3–19 August 1919, leg. F.H. Gravely, repository NZC-ZSI (no register number) examined [type images are provided in Sankaran et al. (2020) —not re-examined] .</p><p>Description. Male and female. For diagnosis, description and illustrations of the male and female, see Sankaran et al. (2020). Female dorsal and ventral habitus, anterior and dorsal views of the eye region, sternum and mouthparts, and epigyne of the female holotype of S. bilineatus are illustrated in Figs 1–7. The type label is shown in Fig. 8.</p><p>Justification of the synonymy. Examination of the holotype of S. bilineatus showed that both this species and S. barkudensis share a pear-shaped, membranous epigynal plate, a small, anteriorly positioned sclerotised epigynal hood and mediolaterally placed, crescent-shaped copulatory openings (cf. Fig. 6 and Sankaran et al. 2020: figs 2D–E, 3J, 4C). Furthermore, S. barkudensis has short, stout, diverging copulatory ducts and posteriorly situated spherical spermathecae, which are also consistent with those of S. bilineatus (cf. Fig. 7 and Sankaran et al. 2020: figs 2E–F, 3J–K). Based on these observations, I propose S. barkudensis as a junior synonym of S. bilineatus .</p><p>Distribution. Bangladesh, India (Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Mizoram, Odisha, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu; Fig. 9) (World Spider Catalog 2025).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0394879BB77B221AA1B7997DB979B4EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Sankaran, Pradeep M.	Sankaran, Pradeep M. (2025): On a new synonym in the genus Sphingius Thorell, 1890 from India (Araneae: Liocranidae). Zootaxa 5665 (4): 597-599, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.4.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.4.9
