identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039C87F8EB41FF98FCD5FB62FBB5F191.text	039C87F8EB41FF98FCD5FB62FBB5F191.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aglaia roxburghiana (Wight & Arn.) Miq.	<div><p>2. Aglaia roxburghiana (Wight &amp; Arn.) Miq. — Fig. 6</p><p>Aglaia roxburghiana (Wight &amp; Arn.) Miq.(1868) 41, p.p. pro type;non Koorders (1912) 444 (= A. wallichii); non Koorders &amp; Valeton (1913) t. 161 (= A. wallichii); Hiern (1875) 555,p.p.; C.DC (1878) 604,p.p. — Milnea roxburghiana Wight &amp; Arn. (1834) 119. — Lectotype (designated by Pannell 1992): Herb. Wight 311 (lecto K; isolecto BM, CGE, G, K-W, MO), India.</p><p>[ Walsura lanceolata Wall. (1831–1832) n. 4886, nom. nud.]</p><p>[ Aglaia grata Wall. ex Voigt (1845) 136, nom. nud.]</p><p>[ Aglaia midnaporensis Carey ex Voigt (1845) 136, nom. nud.]</p><p>[ Sapindus lepidotus Wall. (1847) n. 8036, nom. nud.]</p><p>Aglaia roxburghiana (Wight &amp; Arn.) Miq. var. obtusa C.DC (1878) 605. — Lectotype (designated by Pannell 1992): Anon. in Thwaites C.P. 1148 (lecto G-DC), Ceylon [Sri Lanka].</p><p>? Aglaia littoralis Talbot (1902) 76,non Miq. (1868) 45 (= Aglaia lawii). – Syn- types: Talbot 2955 (syn BSI), Mysore State (N. Kanara District), Kumpta; Talbot s.n. (syn BSI), Mysore State.</p><p>Aglaia roxburghiana (Wight &amp; Arn.) Miq. var. beddomei Gamble (1915) 180; Beddome (1871) 130A. — Aglaia elaeagnoidea (A.Juss.) Benth. var. beddomei (Gamble) K.K.N. Nair (1981) 426. — Lectotype (designated by Pannell 1992): Beddome s.n. (lecto BM),S. India, Tamil Nadu,Annamallays.</p><p>Aglaia roxburghiana (Wight &amp; Arn.) Miq. var. courtallensis Gamble (1915) 180. — Aglaia elaeagnoidea (A.Juss.) Benth. var. courtallensis (Gamble) K.K.N. Nair (1981) 426. — Type: Barber 8388 (holo K), S. India, Tamil Nadu, Courtallum, Hills of Tinnevelly.</p><p>? Aglaia talbotii Sundararagh.(1969) 184,nom.nov.pro Aglaia littoralis Talbot, non Miq. (1868) 45 (= Aglaia lawii).</p><p>Aglaia elaeagnoidea auct. non (A.Juss.) Benth.: Pannell (1992) 148, t. 34 &amp; t. 35, p.p.; Pannell (1995b) 256.</p><p>Trees, to 15(–30) m high, with buttresses outwards from the base to 1.5 m and up the bole to 75 cm, tapering into a fluted bole with occasional bosses. Bark pale orange-brown or reddish brown, smooth or flaking in scales, exposing the orange-brown bark underneath; inner bark reddish brown or pink. Twigs densely covered with orange-brown peltate scales withfimbriate margins. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate, 11–23 cm long, 10– 23 cm wide; petiole 2.5–5 cm long. Leaflets 3–7; lamina ellipti- cal, lanceolate or oblanceolate, 2.5–10(–12.5) by 1–3(–5) cm, usually at least twice as long as wide, base cuneate, apex usu- ally rounded, sometimes acuminate, with an obtuse acumen to 10 mm long, with scales (like those on the twigs) present on the midrib below and scattered on the rest of the lower leaflet surface, with numerous faint or conspicuous pits on both surfaces; lateral veins (5–)6–12 on each side of the midrib (sometimes with shorter laterals in between), subprominent, ascending and curved upwards near the margin, anastomosing, visible and slightly raised; midrib prominent below, subprominent above; reticulation conspicuously visible as darker green than rest of leaflet surface when fresh, slightly raised when dried; petiolules 2–10 mm long. Flowers c. 1 mm long, c. 1.5 mm wide, depressed-globose, yellow. Calyx cup-shaped, divided into 5 rounded lobes, densely covered on the outside with scales (like those on the twigs), but with longer-fimbriate margins. Petals 5, free, quincuncial, without peltate scales on the outer surface. Staminal tube obovoid, c. 1 by 1 mm; aperture 0.2–0.5 mm diam; anthers 5, ovoid, 0.3–0.5 by 0.25–0.4 mm, inserted either near the base or about half way up the staminal tube, included within or just protruding through the aperture. Fruit obovoid when immature, ellipsoid or subglobose when ripe, 1–2.2 by 1–2.2 cm diam indehiscent; pericarp pale brown, orange or yellow, thin and brittle when dry, densely covered on the outside with scales (like those on the twigs); locules 2, each with 0 or 1 seed. Seeds surrounded by a translucent gelatinous aril which is edible and tasty.</p><p>Distribution — Sri Lanka, India (Western Ghats, West Bengal and Odisha).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurs in evergreen forest including coastal dry-zone forests and riverine forests (on beaches and sand-dunes in Sri Lanka), up to 1500 m in the evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India and 600 m in West Bengal .</p><p>Notes — 1. Aglaia roxburghiana is sometimes a larger tree than either A. wallichii or A. elaeagnoidea . The occasional larger-leaved specimens can be almost indistinguishable morphologically from A. edulis unless fruits are present. The fruits of A. edulis are larger than those of A. roxburghiana and are usually 3-locular; the upper surface of the leaflets of A. roxburghiana is slightly shiny when dry and is dull in A. edulis .</p><p>2. The leaflets of A. roxburghiana usually have a rounded (rarely acuminate) apex, while the leaflets of A. wallichii are usually acuminate, except for some coastal specimens from West Malesia. The flowers of A. roxburghiana usually resemble those of A. elaeagnoidea and A. wallichii, but sometimes differ in that they have an obovoid rather than subglobose staminal tube with a narrower aperture. Both A. roxburghiana and A. wallichii differ from A. elaeagnoidea in the absence of scales on the outer surface of the petals (on nearly all specimens). The scales on the inflorescence and fruits of A. roxburghiana have longer fimbriate margins than in either A. elaeagnoidea or A. wallichii .</p><p>3. The fruits of A. roxburghiana and A. wallichii have an inedible pericarp, densely covered with orange-brown scales. Seed dispersal differs from that of A. elaeagnoidea; primates remove the pericarp and consume the seeds, digesting the gelatinous aril and either spitting out or voiding the cleaned seeds in their faeces.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87F8EB41FF98FCD5FB62FBB5F191	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Joyce, E. M.;Crayn, D. M.;Rossetto, M.;Yap, J. Y. S.;Thiele, K. R.;Pannell, C. M.	Joyce, E. M., Crayn, D. M., Rossetto, M., Yap, J. Y. S., Thiele, K. R., Pannell, C. M. (2023): Taxonomic recircumscriptions in the Aglaia elaeagnoidea complex (Meliaceae). Blumea 68 (1): 26-38, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2023.68.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2023.68.01.02
039C87F8EB43FF99FCD5FE77FC44F4B2.text	039C87F8EB43FF99FCD5FE77FC44F4B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aglaia wallichii Hiern	<div><p>3. Aglaia wallichii Hiern — Fig. 7</p><p>Aglaia wallichii Hiern (1875) 555;C.DC (1878) 606. — Lectotype (designated by Pannell 1992): Anonymous in Herbarium East India Company 8036 (lecto K-W; isolecto BM, FI, K), Bangladesh, Sylhet [Silhet].</p><p>Aglaia roxburghiana (Wight &amp; Arn.) Miq. var. angustata Miq. (1868) 42. — Lectotype (designated by Pannell 1992): Teysmann s.n. (lecto U barcode U0004212; isolecto BO, L, U barcode U0004213), Java, Japura Province, Pulau Kellor.</p><p>Aglaia roxburghiana (Wight &amp; Arn.) Miq.var. balica Miq.(1868) 42. — Lectotype (designated by Pannell 1992): Anonymous s.n. (lecto U; isolecto L), Bali.</p><p>Aglaia wallichii Hiern var. brachystachya C.DC (1878) 606. — Type: Griffith 1045 (holo K).</p><p>Aglaia hoanensis Pierre (1895) ante t. 336. — Lectotype (designated by Pannell 1992): Pierre 2779 (lecto P; isolecto BM, K), S. Vietnam, Bien Hoa province, Sept. 1869.</p><p>Aglaia poulocondorensis Pellegr. (1910) 290. — Amoora poulocondorensis (Pellegr.) Harms (1940) 128, 176. — Lectotype (designated by Pannell 1992): Harmand 748 (lecto P), S. Vietnam, Iles de Poulo-Condor.</p><p>Aglaia poilanei Pellegr. (1944) 179. — Type: Poilane 16713 (holo P), Vietnam, Annam, Bu Khang, Province de Vinh.</p><p>Aglaia abbreviata C.Y. Wu (1977) 240. — Type: P.I. Mao 3262 (holo KUN), China, Yunnan, Pingbian .</p><p>Aglaia roxburghiana auct. non ((Wight &amp; Arn.) Miq.: Kurz (1875) 147; Miq. (1868) 41, p.p.; C.DC. (1878) 604, p.p.; Koord. &amp; Valeton (1913) t. 161.</p><p>Aglaia elaeagnoidea auct.non (A.Juss.) Benth.:Backer &amp; Bakh.f.(1965);128; Pannell (1992) 148, f. 34 &amp; 35 p. p.; (1995a) 243, p.p.; H. Peng &amp; Pannell (2008) 123; Pannell (2013a) 78, f. 5; S. Gardner et al. (2016) 1231,f. 1612.</p><p>Small trees or shrubs, 5–12(–20) m tall, fluted at the base, sometimes with small buttresses. Bark brown, greyish brown, reddish brown or yellowish grey, with narrow vertical fissures, flaking in thin, irregular, stiff, scroll-like scales; inner bark pink or reddish brown; sapwood white or yellow; heartwood red. Twigs grey or pale brown, densely covered with very pale brown or pale orange-brown peltate scales with entire or shortly fimbriate margins. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate, 6–22 by 12–24 cm; peti- ole 2.5–5.5 cm long. Leaflets (3–)5–7, subcoriaceous; lamina elliptical, sometimes obovate, (1–)2–10(–13) by 1–3.5(–4) cm, usually at least twice as long as wide, base cuneate, apex acuminate with an acumen 10(–20) mm long, the lower sur- face densely covered with scales (like those on the twigs) on the midrib and sparsely so elsewhere, with numerous faint or conspicuous pits on both surfaces; lateral veins 5–11 on each side of the midrib, prominent below; lateral veins subprominent on both surfaces; intercostal venation usually subprominent on both surfaces; petiolules 0.5–2 cm long. Flowers 1.25–2 by 1.25–3 mm wide, subglobose or depressed-globose. Calyx shallowly divided into 5 broadly ovate obtuse lobes, densely covered on the outside with orange-brown peltate scales with long-fimbriate margins. Petals usually 5, free, quincuncial, yellow, without scales on the exposed outer surface (except in coastal specimens from Java and adjacent islands with very pale brown peltate scales). Staminal tube depressed-globose or ovoid, c. 1 by 1–1.4 mm, with an aperture c. 0.5 mm diam; anthers 5, ovoid, 0.3–0.5 by 0.25–0.4 mm, inserted half way up the tube and just protruding through the aperture. Fruits subglobose, ellipsoid or obovoid when young, subglobose when ripe, 1.1–2.5 by 1.3–2.0 cm, indehiscent; pericarp pale yellow, orange or brown, thin and brittle when dry, densely covered on the outside with orange-brown peltate scales with long-fimbriate margins; locules 2, each with 0 or 1 seed. Seeds completely covered with a thin, white, gelatinous, sweet aril.</p><p>Distribution — Widespread in Myanmar, China, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Peninsular Malaysia, Java and Bali (and therefore confined to the west of Wallace’s Line). Histori- cally in Bangladesh (including the type locality), though now considered extinct there.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Aglaia wallichii is usually found inland, at elevations to 1400 m, in dry evergreen or deciduous forest, including on limestone and granite. In Java and its offshore islands, however, it occurs on the coast, where it resembles A. elaeagnoidea in morphology. Primates remove the pericarp and consume the seeds. They digest the gelatinous aril that adheres firmly to the seed and either spit out the cleaned seeds or void them in their faeces.</p><p>Note — The twigs,petioles,rachises,petiolules,inflorescence and infructescence peduncles, branches and pedicels of A. roxburghiana and A. wallichii are more slender than those in A. elaeagnoidea . The leaflets of A. roxburghiana and A. wallichii are mostly more than twice as long as wide. The indumentum is sparse on the leaflets of A. roxburghiana and A. wallichii and the pits on the leaflet surfaces are less conspicuous than in A. elaeagnoidea (except in coastal specimens from Java and adjacent islands, where the indumentum structure and distribution on the leaves and flowers resembles A. elaeagnoidea). Coastal specimens of A. wallichii sometimes resemble A. elaeagnoidea in having leaves with short, broad, rounded apices, rather than having a drip tip, and an indumentum on the exposed surfaces of the petals. Leaflets in A. wallichii are less coriaceous than in A. elaeagnoidea, and the reticulation is more visible (except in coastal specimens from Java and adjacent islands).</p><p>Acknowledgements We thank Deby Arifiani, Charles Davis, Michaela Schmull,Anthony Brach, Gillian Brown, Frank Zich, Sarah Hirst, Ian Cowie, Donna Lewis, Stephen Harris, Martin Cheek, Elizabeth Woodgyer, Machiel Visser, Peter van Welzen, Skye Coffey, Karina Knight, Jana Skornickova, Bazilah Mohd Ibrahim, Serena Lee, Barbara Thiers, Matthew Pace, Chris- topher Dick, Richard Rabeler and Meghann Toner for facilitating sampling from their respective herbaria. We also thank Wendy Cooper and Ryonen Butcher for facilitating previous work on the A. elaeagnoidea complex, Srini- vasan Kasinathan, Divya Mudappa, TR Shankar Raman and HS Sushma for a field visit in the Anamalai Hills in the Western Ghats of India and Tan Junhong in Xishuangbanna, China and Ruth Kiew in Peninsular Malaysia.We appreciate the assistance of Melissa Harrison and Lalita Simpson with laboratory work. Discussions with Alexandra Muellner-Riehl and Jan Schnitzler were constructive in the development of this project, and we thank them for their input. We also thank Bangladesh National Herbarium, Wolfgang Dittus, Warren Brockelman, Siddarth Machado, and Arun Singh-Ramesh for sharing their local ecological knowledge. This work was supported by an Australasian Systematic Botany Society Hansjörg Eichler Research Fund Grant,a Wet Tropics Management Authority Student Research Grant,and by funding for EMJ from the Australian Government and the Prinzessin Therese von Bayern Foundation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87F8EB43FF99FCD5FE77FC44F4B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Joyce, E. M.;Crayn, D. M.;Rossetto, M.;Yap, J. Y. S.;Thiele, K. R.;Pannell, C. M.	Joyce, E. M., Crayn, D. M., Rossetto, M., Yap, J. Y. S., Thiele, K. R., Pannell, C. M. (2023): Taxonomic recircumscriptions in the Aglaia elaeagnoidea complex (Meliaceae). Blumea 68 (1): 26-38, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2023.68.01.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2023.68.01.02
