identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039C7130FFF7BB6958B2E58305FFF990.text	039C7130FFF7BB6958B2E58305FFF990.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arachnandra Barfuss, Leme & W. Till 2025	<div><p>Arachnandra Barfuss, Leme &amp; W. Till, gen. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis:—This new genus differs from Alcantarea, Stigmatodon, Vriesea, and Waltillia by its unique combination of morphological characters, such as sepals lanceolate-acuminate, petals distinctly appendaged, 3.8–4.6 times longer than wide, forming an open, fan blade-like corolla, stamens radially arranged, prostrate, pollen subglobose, sulcus broad, without prominent ornamental elements, margins weakly distinct, stigma of the conduplicate-patent type, and seeds with a basal appendage distinctly longer than the inconspicuous apical appendage.</p><p>Type:— Tillandsia drepanocarpa Baker.</p><p>Description:— Plants epiphytic. Leaves thin in texture, forming water impounding rosettes; leaf sheath distinct; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, acuminate. Inflorescence compound, with short, inconspicuous branches. Flowers diurnal, strongly fragrant, divergent to slightly secund; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, subsymmetrical; petals spathulate, 3.8– 4.6 times longer than wide, connate at the base, spreading to reflexed, forming an open, fan blade-like corolla, bearing 2 linear or narrowly lanceolate appendages; stamens shorter than the petals but exposed by the reflexed petals, radially disposed, prostrate; filaments terete, adnate to the petal tube and free above it; anthers linear, the pollen sacs with a prevailingly frontal line of dehiscence, connective area exposed and not covered by the margins of the pollen sacs; pollen subglobose, ca. 55 µm in diameter, sulcate, the sulcus broad, without ornamental elements, margins moderately distinct, with small exine elements attached; ovary almost totally superior or not more than 1/8 inferior (considering the nectary tissue), placentation totally superior; stigma of the conduplicate-patent type, white. Fruits a septicidal capsule; seeds with an umbrella-like, plumose basal coma distinctly longer than the straight, undivided inconspicuous apical appendage.</p><p>Species:— Arachnandra is a monotypic genus.</p><p>Etymology: —From classical Greek “Arachné” = spider, and “andra” = man (male), referring to the spider-like arrangement of the stamens lying on the corolla.</p><p>Distinctive characters:— Arachnandra is a member of tribe Vrieseeae, subtribe Vrieseinae, being closely related to Alcantarea, Stigmatodon, Vriesea and Waltillia . However, this new genus differs from Alcantarea by its general small size when in bloom (vs. usually large sized), flowers distinctly smaller (vs. flowers large), sepals with acuminate apex (vs. obtuse), petals 3.8–4.6 times longer than wide, spathulate (vs. 10 to 15 times longer than wide, linear or nearly so), pollen with sulcus margins moderately distinct [vs. sulcus margins sharply cut, “ Alcantarea type ”)], and seeds with a long appendage at the basal end and an inconspicuous appendage at the apical end (vs. with a short appendage at the basal end and a long appendage at the apical end).</p><p>In relation to Stigmatodon, Arachnandra can be distinguished by leaves mesomorphic (vs. semi-xeromorphic to xeromorphic), leaf blades sparsely and inconspicuously lepidote, margins not truncate (vs. densely and conspicuously lepidote, margins often truncate), inflorescence with inconspicuous lateral branches exceeded by the primary bracts (vs. simple or paniculate with large lateral branches much exceeding the primary bracts), flowers diurnal (vs. flowers nocturnal), petals much narrower, spreading to reflexed at anthesis, forming an open, fan blade-like corolla (vs. much broader, suberect and forming a campanulate corolla), petals bearing narrower, linear to lanceolate appendages (vs. bearing much broader appendages), stamens radially arranged, prostrate (vs. usually with three of them disposed in each lateral sides of the corolla), pollen globose, the sulcus broad, without ornamental exine elements [vs. ellipsoid, sulcus narrower, covered with exine elements separated from each other, forming isolated exine islands (‘insulae type’, “subtype d”)], and stigma of the conduplicate-patent type, white, densely papillate (vs. of the tubo-laciniate types I and II or convolute-blade type III, green or greenish, without papillae or sparsely papillate).</p><p>In comparison with Vriesea, it differs by flowers strongly fragrant despite diurnal (vs. odorless when diurnal or scented in night-blooming, usually bat pollinated species), sepals acuminate (vs. mostly obtuse, rounded, and emarginate, rarely acute or acuminate), petals white, spreading to reflexed at anthesis, forming an open, fan blade-like corolla (vs. yellow, often with green tips, cream, brownish-red or rarely white, usually erect in diurnal species, except for the suberect to recurved apex, forming a prevailingly tubular corolla, or corolla campanulate in night blooming species), pollen globose, sulcus broad, without ornamental exine elements [vs. ellipsoid, sulcus narrower, covered with exine elements separated from each other, forming isolated exine islands (‘insulae type’, “subtype d”)], and stigma of the conduplicate-patent type (vs. of the convolute-blade II type).</p><p>Arachnandra is also related to Waltillia, differing by leaves mesomorphic, forming water impounding rosettes (vs. semi-xeromorphic, forming non-water-impounding rosettes), flowers smaller, diurnal (vs. flowers larger, nocturnal), sepals acuminate (vs. obtuse to emarginate), petals connate at the base, white, spreading to reflexed at anthesis, forming an open, fan blade-like corolla (vs. free, pale greenish-yellow, forming a campanulate corolla), petals bearing well developed appendages (vs. unappendaged), pollen sulcus without ornamental exine elements (vs. sulcus covered by a kind of operculum of almost smooth exine elements with some perforations), stigma of the conduplicate-patent type (vs. of the convolute-blade II type), seeds with a long appendage at the basal end and an inconspicuous appendage at the apical end (vs. with a short appendage at the basal end and a long appendage at the apical end).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C7130FFF7BB6958B2E58305FFF990	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leme, Elton M. C.;Till, Walter;Halbritter, Heidemarie;Barfuss, Michael H. J.	Leme, Elton M. C., Till, Walter, Halbritter, Heidemarie, Barfuss, Michael H. J. (2025): Arachnandra, a new monotypic genus in Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) from the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Phytotaxa 693 (1): 1-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.693.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.693.1.1
039C7130FFF8BB6B58B2E6D60528F990.text	039C7130FFF8BB6B58B2E6D60528F990.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arachnandra drepanocarpa (Barfuss, Leme & W. Till 2926) Barfuss, Leme & W. Till 2025	<div><p>Arachnandra drepanocarpa (Baker) Barfuss, Leme &amp; W. Till, comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym:— Tillandsia drepanocarpa Baker, J. Bot. 26: 41. 1888. Type:— BRAZIL. São Paulo: Rio das Pedras, 23º 52’ S, 46º 28’ W,</p><p>15 December 1826, Burchell 3596 (holotype K!). ≡ Vriesea drepanocarpa (Baker) Mez, in C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 9: 581. 1896, syn. nov. = Vriesea dusenii L.B. Smith, Contr. Gray Herb. 98: 17. 1932. Type: — BRAZIL. Paraná: Jacareí, 12 March 1910, P. Dusén</p><p>10712B, fl. cult. (holotype S!, isotype S!), syn. nov. = Tillandsia pabstiana E. Pereira, Bradea 1: 439. 1974. Type: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Domingos Martins, Pedra dos</p><p>Ventos, ca. 400 m elevation, 5 June 1974, R. Kautsky 438 (holotype HB!), syn. nov.</p><p>Emended description:— Plants epiphytic, flowering 35–100 cm high. Leaves 16 to 20 in number, densely rosulate, forming a narrowly funnelform rosette; leaf sheath elliptic, 5–6.5 × 3.5–4.5 cm, densely and inconspicuously pale brown lepidote on both sides, thin in texture, green to purplish-red; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 11–25 × 1–1.8 cm,</p><p>not narrowed at the base, apex acuminate, green to reddish-purple, thin in texture, sparsely and inconspicously white lepidote mainly abaxially to glabrous. Peduncle slender, 18–35 cm long, 0.2–0.4 cm in diameter, erect, glabrous, green; peduncle bracts the basal ones foliaceous, the upper ones subfoliaceous, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 6–10 × 0.6–0.8 cm, erect except for the suberect distal portion, enfolding the base of the peduncle, distinctly exceeding to equaling the internodes, green to reddish-purple, glabrescent. Inflorescence (fertile part) a cylindric spike-raceme, inconspicuously once-branched, slender, 13–60 cm long, erect; primary bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate-caudate, 3.5–8 × 0.6–0.8 mm, green, glabrous, erect except for the recurved distal end, exceeding the branches; lateral branches 3 to 10 in number, 1.5–5 cm long, erect, sparsely flowered, bearing up to 4 flowers; stipes 5–10 × 1.5–2 mm, green, glabrous, often bearing 1 sterile bract similar to the floral bracts; rachis slender, flexuous, green, glabrous, internodes 5–8 mm long, 1–1.5 mm in diameter; floral bracts triangular, 8–10 × 5–5.5 mm, apex acute, green, inconspicuously lepidote to glabrous, distinctly shorter than the sepals, divergent to slightly secund with the flowers, carinate, membranaceous, weakly nerved. Flowers diurnal, strongly fragrant, divergent to slightly secund, laxly arranged, 27–30 mm long (with the petals extended), pedicels inconspicuous, ca. 3 mm long, 4–5 mm in diameter at distal end, green, glabrous; sepals lanceolate, subsymmetrical, imbricate, apex acuminate, 15–15.5 × 4.5–5.5 mm, glabrous, free, ecarinate, green, thin in texture toward the apex and margins, thicker at the base; petals spathulate, apex acute or narrowly obtuse and slightly cucullate, 23–27 × 5–7 mm, 3.8–4.6 times longer than wide, white, connate at the base for 5–7 mm, the distal half spreading to reflexed, with the apex sometimes inrolled at anthesis, forming an open, fan blade-like corolla, bearing at the base 2 linear to narrowly lanceolate, long acuminate or irregularly bifid, 9–10 × 1 mm appendages adnate to the petal tube and free above it; stamens shorter than the petals but exposed by the reflexed petals, radially disposed at anthesis, postrate over the corolla, resembling a “spider”; filaments terete, white, adnate to the petal tube and free above it; anthers linear, the base distinctly bilobed, the apex apiculate, usually bifid, 3–4 mm long, subbasifixed, the connective area exposed and not covered by the margins of the pollen sacs; pollen subglobose, ca. 55 µm in diameter (longest axis), sulcate, the sulcus broad, without ornamental exine elements, margins moderately distinct, with small exine elements attached, exine reticulate, lumina broad, polygonal; style shorter than the petals and about equalling the stamens; ovary almost totally superior or if inferior by a small fraction not more than 1/8 (considering the nectary tissue), placentation totally superior; stigma of the conduplicate-patent type, blades spreading-recurved, densely papillose, white, ca. 3 mm long; ovules shortly caudate. Capsules subcylindric, slender, beaked, 32–37 mm long; seeds including appendages 17–22 mm long, the umbrella-like, plumose basal appendage many times longer than the length of the seed nucleous, the apical appendage inconspicuous, undivided, 0.5–1 mm long.</p><p>Additional specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Without exact place, P. J. M. Maas s.n. et al., cult. Utrecht Bot. Gard. 2015GR00921 via Corn . Bak s.n. (U!) [DNA isolate MHJB-B1741]. Santa Catarina: Brusque, Morro Santa Luzia, 200 m elevation, 24 April 1951, s.c. 4009 (US!) ; ibidem, 2 March 1952, cult. R. Reitz s.n. (US!). Paraná: Antonina, Rio Debeora, 3 April 1914, P. Dusén 14690 (S!) ; Antonina, Reserva Natural do Morro da Mina, 7 May 2008, P.R. Petean s.n. (MBM!) ; Paranaguá, Ilha do Mel, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.35/lat -25.45)">Estação Ecológica</a>, 25°27’ S, 48°21’ W, 24 November 1997, S.M. Silva &amp; R. A. Kersten s.n. (NY!). São Paulo: Cananéia, 26 August 1999, E. Leme 4746, B.R. Silva &amp; K. Green (HB!) [DNA isolate MHJB-B1587] ; Itanhaém, P.E. Serra do Mar, Núcleo Curucutu, entorno do <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.81825&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.047693" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.81825/lat -24.047693)">Vale do Rio Mambu</a>, 30-100 m elevation, 24º02’51.7” S, 46º49’05.7” W, 16 April 2001, G.O. Romão et al. 652 (RB! UEC!) ; ibidem, 16 April 2001, G.O. Romão et al. 660 (ESA!); Sete Barras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.166666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.916668/lat -24.166666)">Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho</a>, 24º10’ S, 47º55’ W, 17 August 2002, T.B. Breier 415 &amp; J. C. Budke (UEC!). Rio de Janeiro: Parati, Sertãozinho, km 158 da Rod. Rio-Santos, ca. 100 m elevation, 19 February 1995, E. Leme 2926 (RB!) [DNA isolate MHJB-B1506] ; Parati, Rod. Rio-Santos, km 596, 16 November 2014, T.M. Machado 718, E. Fernandez, T. Lima &amp; A. Weigand (UFRN!) [DNA isolate MHJB-B2817]. Espírito Santo: Domingos Martins, margens do Rio Jucu, 27 August 1974, G. Martinelli 418 &amp; L. C. Gurken (RB!) ; ibidem, Chapéu, 15 May 1994, G. Hatschbach 60972 (MBM!) ; Santa Maria de Jetiba, terreno de Paulo Seick, 1100 m elevation, 26 April 2004, L. Kollmann 6678 (MBML!) ; Castelo, Fazenda Forno Grande, 900 m elevation, 26 April 2004, L. Kollman 6679 &amp; R.L. Kollmann (MBML!) ; Santa Teresa, Est. Biol. Santa Lúcia, parcelas de baixa encosta, 23 March 1999, I.G Varassin 62, L. Kollmann, E. Bausen &amp; W. Pizziolo (MBML!) ; ibidem, Valsugana Velha, left margin of the river, 600 m elevation, 15 August 2000, L. Lollmann 3067 &amp; R.R. Vervloet (MBML!) ; Santa Teresa, Santo Anselmo, 24 March 2006, L. Kollmann 8813, A. P. Fontana, S. Krauser &amp; L. Lima (MBML) ; Santa Teresa, Nova Lombardia, Res. Biol. Augusto Ruschi, cabeceira do Rio Saltinho, 800 m elevation, 13 March 2002, L. Kollmann 5658, E. Bausen &amp; W. Pizziolo (MBML) ; ibidem, trilha Mauriti, 30 July 2002, R.R. Vervloet 570, E. Bausen &amp; W. Pizziolo (MBML!) ; ibidem, trilha da divisa, sentido terreno de Vanildo Bragacha, 27 August 2002, R.R. Vervloet 728, E. Bausen &amp; W. Pizziolo (MBML!) ; ibidem, 25 March 2003, R.R. Vervloet 2043, E. Bausen &amp; J. Rossini (MBML); ibidem, picada após marco 82, 6 May 2003, R.R. Vervloet 2352 &amp; W. Pizziolo (MBML!); Santa Leopoldina, Rio das Farinhas, prop. Valter Pereira, 20 April 2006, A. P. Fontana 2098 &amp; C. P.Esgario (RB!) ; Muqui, torre da Claro, 750 m elevation, 24 April 2007, L. Kollmann 9637, A. P. Fontana &amp; K. Brahim (MBML!) ; Cariacica, Res. Biol. Duas Bocas, 16 June 1999, J. M.L. Gomes 2528 (VIES) ; ibidem, 20º18’21” S, 40º30’20” W, 23 November 1999, J.M.L. Gomes 2724 &amp; A. Carvalho (VIES!); ibidem, Pau Amarelo, old Condomínio Rural Cantinho do Céu, 20°16’ S, 40°32’ W, 6 May 2008, A. P. Fontana 5200, R. Goldenberg, A. M. Amorim, C. N. Fraga &amp; M.M. Saavedra (RB!). Minas Gerais: near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.0535&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.413334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.0535/lat -16.413334)">Bahia</a> border, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.0535&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.413334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.0535/lat -16.413334)">Santa Maria do Salto</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.0535&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.413334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.0535/lat -16.413334)">Talismã</a>, RPPN <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-40.0535&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.413334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -40.0535/lat -16.413334)">Fazenda Duas Barras</a>, 841 m elevation, 16º24.80’ S, 40º03.21’ W, 23 March 2010, E. Leme 8175 &amp; L. Kollmann (RB!) [DNA isolate MHJB-B1586]. Bahia: Una, January 1983, E. Leme 506, A. M. de Carvalho, L. A. M. Silva, J. Kent &amp; R.L. Frasier (HB!) [DNA isolate MHJB-B1588] ; ibidem, February 1991, A.T. de Brito s.n., cult. E. Leme 1723 (HB) [DNA isolate MHJB-B1505]; Una, Res. Biol. do Mico-Leão, entrance km 46 in road BA-001, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-39.083332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -39.083332/lat -15.15)">Ilhéus-Una</a>, 15°09’ S, 39°05’ W, 24 September 1992, A. M. Amorim, S. C. Sant’Ana &amp; J.G. Jardim 777 (CEPEC!, MBM!, NY!, US!) ; ibidem, 1 June 2000, S. C. de Sant’Ana, H.S. Brito &amp; J. A.L. Santos 881 (RB!, NY!); ibidem, picada paralela ao Rio Maruim, 18 September 1997, A.M. Amorim, S.R. Profice, P. Dalprete &amp; S. C. Sant’Ana 2093 (CEPEC!, NY!) ; Una, road Una-Olivença, 12 km N. of Una, Fazenda de Clovis de Matos Pires, 75 m elevation, 24 April 1976, C. E. Calderón, T.S. Santos &amp; L.B. de Oliveira 2392 (CEPEC!, US!) ; ibidem, km 12 road Una-Olivença, 24 April 1976, T.S. Santos 3106 (CEPEC!) ; Una, Fazenda S. Rafael, 18 June 1971, R.S. Pinheiro 1406 (CEPEC!, RB!) ; Arataca, P. N. da Serra das Lontras, trilha da Serra das Lontras, descida da “trilha nova”, 5 May 2011, P. Leitman 209, L. Daneu, T. Araújo, L. C. Gomes, J. L. Paixão &amp; R. Perdiz (RB!, CEPEC!); ibidem, subindo pelo vale à esquerda da estrada, depois da casa do Sr. Otarcílio, 381-712 m elev., 11 November 2011, P. Leitman 380, R. Perdiz, J.L. Paixão, L. C. Gomes &amp; L. Daneu (RB!) ; Uruçuca, Serra Grande, BA 653, P. E. da Serra do Conduru, trilha da sede, 220 m elev., 22 April 2023, E.H. Souza 2590 &amp; R.R. N. França (HURB) ; Itacaré, Campo Cheiroso, 1 March 2018, E.H. Souza 458 (HURB) ; Buerarema, 16 km SE of Buerarema, road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-38.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -38.25/lat -15.05)">Vila</a> Brasil, 150 m elevation, 15°03’ S, 38°15’ W, 8 March 1986, T.S. Santos &amp; E. J. Judziewicz 4206 (CEPEC!) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat:— Arachnandra drepanocarpa is endemic to Brazil, where it lives along the coastal Atlantic Forest with a discontinuous and sparse occurance from the southern states of Santa Catarina and Paraná (in a south-north order), crossing all southeastern states (i.e., São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais), to the northeastern state of Bahia (fig. 15). The plants grow exclusively in the understory of well-conserved forest fragments, where they form few-numbered to large groups of individuals on the lower parts of the thinner tree trunks and branches, in elevations from close to sea level to ca. 1100 m, despite it is more common in altitudes between 300 to 800 m, probably as a consequence of the poor conservation status of the lowland forests which was in most part destroyed over the past decades.</p><p>Conservation Status:— Along the distribution area of Arachnandra drepanocarpa, some known subpopulations are located inside private as well as state and federal conservation units: in Paraná state, it is found in the private Reserva Natural do Patrimônio Natural do Morro da Mina, and in the Estação Ecológica da Ilha do Mel, which is maintained by the state; in São Paulo, in the state parks of Serra do Mar and Carlos Botelho; in Espírito Santo, in federal units, like Estação Ecológica Santa Lúcia and Reserva Biológica de Augusto Ruschi; in Minas Gerais, in the state park of Alto Cariri, and in the private Reserva do Patrimônio Natural da Fazenda Duas Barras, and in Bahia in Reserva Biológica de Una, Parque Nacional da Serra das Lontras, and state park of Serra do Conduru.</p><p>Nevertheless, the survival of this species is not free of threats, like frequent fires that occasionally destroy the forest, even inside protected areas, as well as the continuous habitat fragmentation and forest impoverishment. So, applying the criteria adopted by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN 2001), this unique species can be considered vulnerable (VU; A1c), since the inferred or suspected population size reduction is associated with decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C7130FFF8BB6B58B2E6D60528F990	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leme, Elton M. C.;Till, Walter;Halbritter, Heidemarie;Barfuss, Michael H. J.	Leme, Elton M. C., Till, Walter, Halbritter, Heidemarie, Barfuss, Michael H. J. (2025): Arachnandra, a new monotypic genus in Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) from the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Phytotaxa 693 (1): 1-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.693.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.693.1.1
039C7130FFFABB6A58B2E6D6048CF900.text	039C7130FFFABB6A58B2E6D6048CF900.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tillandsioideae	<div><p>Key to Brazilian Tillandsioideae genera</p><p>The ocurrence of species of the genera Cipuropsis in the state of Amazonas, and Goudaea W. Till &amp; Barfuss (2016: 51) in the state of Acre, Brazil, plus the new genus described here, recommend an expansion of the key for Brazilian genera provided by Leme et al. (2017a) in order to encompass those three added entities.</p><p>1 Sepals strongly asymmetric and seeds with a plumose flight apparatus formed at the apical end by multicellular hairs folded at maturity, and a multicellular, undivided plume at the basal end ............................................................................................ Catopsis</p><p>- Sepals symmetric or nearly so, if strongly asymmetric then seeds with divided, well developed plumose appendage at the basal end forming the flight apparatus, and usually undivided, straight appendage at the apical end, or apical appendage lacking............... 2.</p><p>2 Seeds with long appendages on both ends, appendage at the basal end equalling to distinctly shorter than the well-developed appendage at the apical end............................................................................................................................................................... 3.</p><p>- Seeds with usually well-developed appendage at the basal end many times longer than the inconspicuous appendage at the apical end, or appendage at the apical end lacking...................................................................................................................................... 4.</p><p>3 Plants with prevailingly epilithic or saxicolous habit in well drained terrains; petals 10 to 15 times longer than wide, not forming a campanulate corolla, ephemeral and becoming flaccidescent after anthesis, bearing well developed basal appendages; pollen without any or with only small and low ornamental elements on the sulcus, which has sharply cut margins; anthers with the line of dehiscence on the pollen sacs prevailingly lateral (latrorse dehiscence), the opposed margins of the pollen sacs becoming strongly recurved and touching each other and completely covering the connective at anthesis; stigma of the conduplicate-erect or conduplicate-patent type, white......................................................................................................................................... Alcantarea</p><p>- Plants with terrestrial (including saxicolous) habit usually associated with margins of running streams or periodically soaked soils; petals 4 to 6 times longer than wide, forming a narrow campanulate corolla, persistent and becoming erect after anthesis, unappendaged; pollen with a sulcus covered by a kind of operculum of almost smooth exine elements, the sulcus margins moderately to weakly defined; anthers with the line of dehiscence on the pollen sacs prevailingly frontal (introrse dehiscence), the connective area completely exposed and not covered by the margins of the pollen sacs at anthesis; stigma of the convolute-blades II type, green........................................................................................................................................................................... Waltillia</p><p>4 Petals bearing well developed basal appendages or rarely unappendaged, totally free, shortly connate at the base only or conglutinate/connate for 1/4 of their length; stigma of the conduplicate-patent, convolute-blade II, simple-erect, tubo-laciniate or cupulate types .................................................................................................................................................................................... 5.</p><p>- Petals unappendaged, totally free; stigma of the conduplicate-pinnatisect, conduplicate-spiral, coralliform, simple-erect, simplepatent, simple-truncate type, or if of the convolute-blade I type then petals conglutinated/connate into a distinct tube ............... 10.</p><p>5 Stigma of the cupulate type; Amazonian distribution…………..………………….. .......................................................... Werauhia</p><p>- Stigma of the conduplicate-patent, convolute-blade II and III, simple-erect or tubo-laciniate types I and II; mostly eastern distribution or few with Amazonian distribution............................................................................................................................... 6.</p><p>6 Epilithic on steep bare rock surfaces or sometimes epiphytic in rock outcrops associated habitats; leaves semi-xeromorphic or xeromorphic; stigma usually of the tubo-laciniate types I and II, sometimes of the convolute-blade types II and III... Stigmatodon</p><p>- Epiphytic, terrestrial or epilithic on more or less horizontal rocky outcrops, rarely in nearly vertical rocky surfaces; leaves often mesomorphic, rarely semi-xeromorphic; stigma of the conduplicate-patent, convolute-blade II or simple-erect types .................. 7.</p><p>7 Flowers odorless when diurnal or scented in night-blooming species; sepals mostly obtuse, rounded, and emarginate, rarely acute or acuminate; petals usually erect in diurnal species, except for the sometimes suberect to recurved apex, forming a tubular or prevailingly tubular corolla, or corolla campanulate in night blooming species; pollen sulcus covered with exine elements of the complex diffuse or complex insulae; stigma convolute-blade II or simple-erect types .................................................................... 8.</p><p>- Flowers strongly fragrant; sepals acuminate; petals spreading to reflexed, forming a fan blade-like corolla; pollen sulcus smooth, without prominent ornamental elements; stigma of the conduplicate-patent type ........................................................ Arachnandra</p><p>8 Ovules caudate; stigma of the convolute-blade II type ........................................................................................................... Vriesea</p><p>- Ovules obtuse; stigma of the simple-erect type ................................................................................................................................. 9.</p><p>9 Petals conglutinated/connate into a tube for about 1/4 of their length, apex not cucullate, forming a tubular corolla with erect, slightly spreading or recurved blades, bearing linear basal appendages; anthers united into a tube surrounding the stigma.............. ............................................................................................................................................................................................ Cipuropsis</p><p>- Petals shorter connate at the base, apex cucullate, forming a tubular, hardly opened corolla, bearing spathulate basal appendages; anthers not united into a tube surrounding the stigma........................................................................................................... Goudaea</p><p>10 Petals conglutinated/connate into a distinct tube; stigma of the conduplicate-blade I type; seeds with usually brown plumose basal appendage............................................................................................................................................................................ Guzmania</p><p>- Petals free; stigma different from conduplicate-blade I type; seeds with white plumose basal appendage.................................... 11.</p><p>11 Sepals strongly asymmetric.................................................................................................................................................. Racinaea</p><p>- Sepals symmetric............................................................................................................................................................................. 12.</p><p>12 Petals basally constricted into a claw, with usually strongly, rarely slightly enlarged spreading blades, forming a salverform corolla; stamens deeply included within the corolla..................................................................................................................................... 13.</p><p>- Petals not basally constricted, much longer than broad, usually with erect often revolute apex and margins, or slightly cucullate, usually forming a tubular corolla or blades spreading to recurved, or rarely basally constricted into a claw with enlarged, spreading blades forming a salverform corolla; stamens included or exserted from the corolla; style usually much longer or rarely as long as or shorter than the ovary............................................................................................................................................... Tillandsia p.p.</p><p>13 Filaments conglutinated/connate at least at the base; ovules clavate, obtuse.................................................................... Lemeltonia</p><p>- Filaments free from each other, ovules slenderly cylindric, obtuse, or usually appendiculate shorter than or about as long as the ovule proper..................................................................................................................................................................................... 14.</p><p>14 Leaves mostly conspicuously longitudinally reddish-brown striped near the base, color not obscured by the trichomes; stigma of the conduplicate-pinnatisect type; ovules slenderly cylindric................................................................................................ Wallisia</p><p>- Leaves not longitudinally striped, usually covered by a dense layer of cinereous trichomes obscuring their green color; stigma of the coralliform type; ovules usually appendiculate shorter than or about as long as the ovule proper......................... Tillandsia p.p</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C7130FFFABB6A58B2E6D6048CF900	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Leme, Elton M. C.;Till, Walter;Halbritter, Heidemarie;Barfuss, Michael H. J.	Leme, Elton M. C., Till, Walter, Halbritter, Heidemarie, Barfuss, Michael H. J. (2025): Arachnandra, a new monotypic genus in Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) from the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Phytotaxa 693 (1): 1-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.693.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.693.1.1
