taxonID	type	description	language	source
039DD77DE14EAE2FFF12FAA7FE2CFE09.taxon	description	Description: Living specimens (Figs 17, 18) with a single H-shaped or rhombic H-shaped chloroplast. Girdle view of live material wedge-shaped with narrower footpole (Fig. 18). Frustules not observed in girdle view in cleaned material. Valves heteropolar, rhombic, widest around the centre. Valve margins slightly undulate near headpole. Headpole distinctly apiculate. Footpole slightly cuneate to acutely rounded. Valve length 41 – 62 μm, width: 8 – 10 μm (n = 32). Axial area moderate to small, almost linear, but widest around centre and narrowing near apices. Central area variable, small to moderate, slightly rectangular, wider on side opposite isolated punctum. Isolated punctum located near the end and slightly “ off-centre ” of shortened median stria. In SEM (Figs 13, 14), isolated punctum opening round, small. Raphe lateral to undulate, simple. Central raphe endings slightly expanded and weakly deflected away from isolated punctum. Terminal raphe fissures long, bent away from isolated punctum. At footpole, raphe bisecting apical porefield, is the latter made up of porelli. Striae slightly radiate towards apices and parallel, but sometimes variable around central area, 10 – 12 in 10 μm. Striae are uniseriate with large areolae. Areolae barely distinct in LM. In SEM (Figs 14 – 16), areola density 3 – 5 in 2 μm, or 15 – 25 in 10 μm. Areolae round to elongated with variable and sometimes overlapping occlusions in the valve surface around areolae. Depressions round, externally located on the central and axial area.	en	Johnson, Katherine M., Manoylov, Kalina M., Edlund, Mark B. (2024): Gomphonema marriae sp. nov. (Gomphonemataceae, Bacillariophyceae) from South Carolina (USA) streams. Notulae Algarum 313: 1-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16652811
039DD77DE14EAE2FFF12FAA7FE2CFE09.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic remarks: The new taxon falls within the highly variable Gomphonema gracile species complex based on valve shape and morphometrics (Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 2004); G. marriae was in fact reported as Gomphonema gracile Ehrenberg in Gaiser & Johansen (2000). This species complex has long challenged researchers on its identity and nomenclature (Van Heurck 1881, Patrick & Reimer 1975, Reichardt 2015). Foremost in this history was Reichardt’s (2015) reanalysis of Ehrenberg’s material, which showed that our modern concept of Gomphonema gracile (Patrick & Reimer 1975, Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 2004) did not conform with Ehrenberg’s type, which was shown to be more closely allied with the Gomphonema subtile Ehrenberg, another species complex. As a result, many taxa originally referred to the Gomphonema gracile species complex have been characterized and separately described from the complex. In fact, if we compare original description illustrations (Fig. 19) of G. gracile Ehrenberg (1838, pl. XVIII: fig. III) with live images of G. marriae (Figs 17, 18), the valve shape, branching length, and chloroplast structure of G. marriae differ in appearance. We observed G. marriae valves to have a more elongated wedge shape, with a shorter branching length, and “ H ” - like chloroplasts. We also compare G. marriae with other taxa separated from the G. gracile complex, including Gomphonema graciledictum E. Reichardt (2015: 373) and Gomphonema naviculoides W. Smith (1856: 98). Gomphonema graciledictum is found in similar oligotrophic and slightly acidic habitats (Levkov & al. 2016). However, G. marriae is wider with a lower stria density than G. graciledictum. Valve apices of G. graciledictum are more rounded with an axial area that is much narrower than that of G. marriae. The raphe endings of both G. graciledictum and G. naviculoides are deflected towards the isolated pore whereas they are deflected away from isolated pore in G. marriae. G. graciledictum and G. naviculoides have more areolae in 10 μm than G. marriae and have “ C-like ” shaped areolae (Van de Vijver & al. 2020). The areolae of G. marriae are not C-shaped. Gomphonema marriae overlaps in length, width, and striae count in 10 μm with Gomphonema gracile var. subcapitatum H. P. Gandhi (1960: 116). However, G. marriae has a larger axial area and a distinctly apiculate headpole. The headpole of G. gracile var. subcapitatum is much more subcapitate. Although both are freshwater species, G. gracile var. subcapitatum was collected in pools and ponds in India, whereas G. marriae was collected in a flowing stream in the south-eastern United States.	en	Johnson, Katherine M., Manoylov, Kalina M., Edlund, Mark B. (2024): Gomphonema marriae sp. nov. (Gomphonemataceae, Bacillariophyceae) from South Carolina (USA) streams. Notulae Algarum 313: 1-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16652811
039DD77DE14EAE2FFF12FAA7FE2CFE09.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: United States. South Carolina, Upper Three Runs Creek, samples collected from diatometers and epiphytic mats of filamentous green algae, Lat. 33.393067, Long. - 81.610719, K. M. Johnson, 9 April 2018. Holotype illustrated as Fig. 10 (PH ANSP-GC 58462). Isotypes illustrated as Figs 11 (PH ANSP-GC 58462), 2 and 4 (PH ANSP-GC 58463). Paratype illustrated as Fig. 6 (SMM MBE 2595). Paratype preserved live material GCSU GCAM 2302, same as type locality, composite epiphytic material collected 16 August 2018 (Figs 17, 18). Type locality: epiphytic on mats of filamentous green algae growing on aquatic macrophytes in Upper Three Runs Creek, a headwater stream to the Savannah River, partially located on the Savannah River Site (SRS), near Aiken, Barnwell County, South Carolina, USA.	en	Johnson, Katherine M., Manoylov, Kalina M., Edlund, Mark B. (2024): Gomphonema marriae sp. nov. (Gomphonemataceae, Bacillariophyceae) from South Carolina (USA) streams. Notulae Algarum 313: 1-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16652811
039DD77DE14EAE2FFF12FAA7FE2CFE09.taxon	description	Registration: http: // phycobank. org / 104269	en	Johnson, Katherine M., Manoylov, Kalina M., Edlund, Mark B. (2024): Gomphonema marriae sp. nov. (Gomphonemataceae, Bacillariophyceae) from South Carolina (USA) streams. Notulae Algarum 313: 1-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16652811
039DD77DE14EAE2FFF12FAA7FE2CFE09.taxon	etymology	Etymology: This species is named in honour of Mrs Sharon M. Brown (née Marr), missionary, philanthropist, patron of the arts, family matriarch and KMJ’s grandmother, who encouraged and supported KMJ’s scientific endeavours.	en	Johnson, Katherine M., Manoylov, Kalina M., Edlund, Mark B. (2024): Gomphonema marriae sp. nov. (Gomphonemataceae, Bacillariophyceae) from South Carolina (USA) streams. Notulae Algarum 313: 1-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16652811
039DD77DE14EAE2FFF12FAA7FE2CFE09.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: The type population was found in a headwater stream, Upper Three Runs Creek, near Aiken, South Carolina. Upper Three Runs Creek has a slightly acidic to acidic environment (pH at type and paratype collection site = 5.3 and 4.2, respectively), is high in tannic acid, organic debris, and has a sandy and silty bottom. Live specimens of G. marriae were found growing together on mucilage stalks in epiphytic mats of filamentous green algae (Stigeoclonium sp.) growing on aquatic macrophytes at this location (Figs 17, 18). Frustules wedge-shaped in girdle view (Fig. 18). Upper Three Runs Creek is known for its high biodiversity and is partially located within the protected boundaries of the Savannah River Site (Johnson & al. 2023). Reported as Gomphonema gracile from nearby freshwater ponds (Carolina “ bays ”), Gaiser & Johansen (2000) found it to be uncommon to rare and often associated with Encyonema silesiacum (Bleisch) D. G. Mann in macrophyte and littoral summer samples with an abundance-weighted mean water depth optimum of 28 cm and pH optimum of 5.2. Other biodiversity surveys from this region have not encountered this taxon (Siver & Hamilton 2011, Bishop & al. 2017).	en	Johnson, Katherine M., Manoylov, Kalina M., Edlund, Mark B. (2024): Gomphonema marriae sp. nov. (Gomphonemataceae, Bacillariophyceae) from South Carolina (USA) streams. Notulae Algarum 313: 1-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16652811
