taxonID	type	description	language	source
039B7442E31AB76C1732BF65B4C0FCA0.taxon	description	(FIGS 2 – 6, 15 A)	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E31AB76C1732BF65B4C0FCA0.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: ZMMU Op- 675, one spc., L = 10 mm (preserved), dissected, north-eastern Atlantic, Ireland, Co Mayo, S of Inishgallon, Purteen, Achill Island, 10 – 25 m depth, 5 April 2015, coll. Bernard Picton. ZMMU Op- 676, one spc., L = 12 mm, same locality as previous, 10 – 25 m depth, 5 April 2015, coll. Bernard Picton. ZMMU Op- 677, one spc., L = 11.5 mm (live), Arctic Ocean, White Sea, 5 – 20 m depth, 13 July 2013, coll. T. A. Korshunova, A. V. Martynov. ZMMU Op- 678, one spc., L = 17 mm (live), Arctic Ocean, White Sea, 10 – 15 m depth, 27 September 2015, coll. T. A. Korshunova, A. V. Martynov. ZMMU Op- 679, one spc., L = 23 mm (live), Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, 10 – 20 m depth, 30 August 2012, coll. T. A. Korshunova, A. V. Martynov. ZMMU Op- 680, one spc., L = 16.5 mm (preserved), Sweden, Smoegen, 5 – 10 m depth, 12 August 2017, coll. K. Lundin, A. V. Martynov. ZMMU Op- 681, one spc., L = 12 mm, north-eastern Atlantic, Norway, Gulen, 10 – 20 m, stones and rocky bottom, 5 March 2018, coll. T. A. Korshunova, A. V. Martynov. ZMMU- 682, one spc., L = 9 mm (preserved), Arctic Ocean, White Sea, 9 – 15 m depth, 14 September 2015, coll. T. A. Korshunova, A. V. Martynov. ZMMU- 692, one spc., L = 19 mm (live), Arctic Ocean, White Sea, 7 – 10 m, 27 September 2015, coll. T. A. Korshunova, A. V. Martynov.	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E31AB76C1736BD30B791FCED.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Notal edges well defined, covered with low tubercles or smooth. Gills multipinnate, gill cavity well defined. Labial cuticle with uni-, bi- or tricuspid elements. Radula broad, central teeth present, low trapezoid or elongated with distinct, massive cusps, not directed forward. Vas deferens with narrow ejaculatory duct, penial spines usually present, apparently absent in at least one clade. Receptaculum seminis does not insert directly to base of bursa. Genera included: Cadlina Bergh, 1879, Aldisa Bergh, 1878.	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E310B7671519BAD9B52DFD6F.taxon	description	Radula Radular formulae 59 × 26.1.26 (Op- 609, Norway, Fig. 5 A – D), 78 × 29.1.29 (Op- 680, Sweden, Fig. 5 E – H), 86 × 28.1.28 (Op- 675, UK, Fig. 5 I – L), 70 × 36.1.36 (Op- 677, Russia, White Sea, Fig. 5 M – P) and 43 × 18.1.18 (Op- 682, White Sea, Fig. 6 F – H). Radular teeth slightly yellowish. Central tooth rectangular, elongate to broad, and bears four to six distinct cusps (Fig. 5 C, G, K, O). Central teeth of late juveniles (subadults) almost devoid of cusps (Fig. 6 H, I). Inner lateral tooth massive with wide base and short, strong, slightly curved cusp and five to seven denticles on outer edge and two or three on inner edge (Fig. 5 B – C, F – G, J – K, N – O). Outer lateral teeth elongated hook-shaped, bearing up to 18 comb-shaped denticles (Fig. 5 D, H, L, P).	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E312B7641686B8A3B498FF07.taxon	description	(FIGS 7, 15 B)	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E312B7641686B8A3B498FF07.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: ZMMU Op- 445, L = 10 mm (live), north-west Pacific, Russia, Sea of Japan, Peter the Great Bay, Bolshoi Pelis Island, stones, 5 – 7 m depth, 7 September 2014, coll. T. A. Korshunova, A. V. Martynov. Paratypes: ZMMU Op- 455, one spc, L = 8 mm (preserved), north-west Pacific, Sea of Japan, Spokoinaya Bay, stony and rocky substrate, 20 m depth, 25 September 2014, coll. T. A. Korshunova, A. V. Martynov. ZMMU Op- 458, L = 10 mm (live), north-west Pacific, Sea of Japan, Peter the Great Bay, Vostok Bay, stones with algae, 5 – 7 m depth, 7 July 1993, coll. A. V. Martynov.	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E312B7641519B93EB361F96B.taxon	description	Radula Radular formula 70 × 30.1.30 (Op- 455, 8 mm). Central tooth moderately high, bears five or six cusps (Fig. 7 I, J). Inner lateral teeth with four to six denticles on outer edge, and two or three on inner edge (Fig. 7 I, J). Middle and outer teeth comb-shaped, bearing up to 15 denticles (Fig. 7 K).	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E313B7651574BF75B3A7F9DF.taxon	description	(FIGS 2, 8, 15 C)	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E313B7651574BF75B3A7F9DF.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: ZMMU Op- 446, L = 25 mm (preserved, 37 mm alive), north-west Pacific, Russia, Kamchatka, Avachinskiy Bay, Laperousa stones, 10 – 15 m, large boulders and rocky substrate, 3 August 2008, coll. T. A. Korshunova, A. V. Martynov. Paratypes: ZMMU Op- 452, two spcs., one dissected, L = 19 mm and 25 mm (preserved), north-west Pacific, Kamchatka, Avachinskiy Bay, Starichkov Id., 6 – 7 m, large boulders and rocky substrate, 25 July 2008, coll. T. A. Korshunova, A. V. Martynov. ZMMU Op- 453, one spc., L = 20 mm (preserved), same locality and date as previous. ZMMU Op- 454, one spc., L = 27 mm (preserved), north-west Pacific, Kamchatka, Avachinskiy Bay, Starichkov Id., 10 – 15 m, large boulders and rocky substrate, 19 August 2008, coll. T. A. Korshunova, A. V. Martynov.	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E302B7741681BF42B603FAF7.taxon	description	Radula Radular formula 82 × 35.1.35 (Op- 452, 25 mm). Central tooth moderately high, bears five to six cusps (Fig. 8 H, I). Inner lateral teeth with five or six denticles on outer edge, and four to six on inner edge (Fig. 8 H, I). Middle and outer teeth comb-shaped, bearing up to 19 denticles (Fig. 8 J).	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E302B74A1570B953B63DFDF4.taxon	description	(FIGS 2, 9, 15 D) Holotype: ZMMU Op- 683, L = 18 mm (preserved), north-west Pacific, Russia, Kurile Islands, Matua Island, Cape Klyuv, stones and rocky substrate, 14 m depth, 19 August 2017, coll. N. P. Sanamyan. LSID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: AA 1 F 30 F 1 - 1 B 14 - 46 E 0 - 86 C 6 - F 78 E 254 B 9402 Paratypes: ZMMU Op- 684, one spc., L = 29 mm (preserved), north-west Pacific, Kurile Islands, Matua Island, Cape Krokodil, stones and rocky substrate, 11 m depth, 19 August 2016, coll. N. P. Sanamyan. ZMMU Op- 685, one spc., L = 20 mm (preserved), north-west Pacific, Kurile Islands, Matua Island, Cape Klyuv, stones and rocky substrate, 14 m depth, 4 August 2017, coll. N. P. Sanamyan. Etymology Named for Elena Panina, biologist from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, who considerably helped in the collection of marine invertebrates during expeditions to the Kurile Islands.	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E33CB74A1681BA1EB3D3FE8A.taxon	description	Radula Radular formula approximately 90 × 38.1.38 (Op- 684). Radular teeth slightly yellowish. Central tooth rectangular and bears three to five distinct cusps, often bifurcated at tips (Fig. 9 G, H). Inner lateral tooth massive with wide base and short, strong, slightly curved cusp and three or four outer denticles and two or three inner denticles (Fig. 9 G, H). Outer lateral teeth are elongated and hook-shaped, bearing 15 – 20 comb-shaped denticles (Fig. 9 I).	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E33EB7481681BD52B61FFCEE.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: ZMMU Op- 686, L = 25 mm (live), dissected, north-eastern Pacific, USA, Washington State, Salish Sea, Rich Passage, Watauga Beach, stones, 12.2 m depth, 28. xii. 2013, coll. K. Fletcher. LSID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 22 BDFF 50 - 61 E 3 - 4 DAC- 876 C- 6 A 2 BCA 30 AD 93 Etymology N a m e d f o r S y l v i a E a r l e, a n A m e r i c a n m a r i n e biologist, explorer, author and lecturer, whose ongoing efforts to protect the ocean and its wildlife are inspirational.	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E33EB7481519BCF3B400FD52.taxon	description	Radula Radular formula approximately 92 × 45.1.45 (Op- 684). Radular teeth slightly yellowish. Central tooth rectangular and bears three or four distinct cusps (Fig. 10 G, H). Inner lateral tooth massive with wide base and short, strong, slightly curved cusp; four or five outer denticles and two or three inner denticles (Fig. 10 G, H). Outer lateral teeth are elongated hook-shaped, bearing up to 14 comb-shaped denticles (Fig. 10 I).	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E33FB7491731BF6BB6E0F946.taxon	description	(FIGS 2, 11, 12, 15 F)	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E33FB7491731BF6BB6E0F946.taxon	description	Syntypes: NSMT-Op R: 12, two spc., L = 15 mm and 53 mm (preserved), north-western Pacific, Japan, Sagami Bay, off Kameki-sho, 73.1 m depth, 7 May 1935, coll. Household Emperor Laboratory. NSMT-Op R: 4, one spc., L = 47 mm (preserved), north-western Pacific, Japan, Sagami Bay, off Kameki-sho, 82.2 m depth, 18 August 1935, coll. Household Emperor Laboratory. Additional material NSMT-Op R: 1006, one spc., L = 46 mm (preserved), north-western Pacific, Japan, Sagami Bay, off Kameki-sho, Mosaki, 9.0 – 12.8 m depth, 15 July 1956, coll. Household Emperor Laboratory. KSNHM – M 10746, two spec., L = 28 and 25 mm, dissected, north-western Pacific, Japan, Hokkaido, Usujiri, stones rocky substrate, 5 – 20 m depth, 19 June 2019, coll. Sho Kashio.	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E33FB749150BB91CB4E9F8AC.taxon	description	Radula Radular formula approximately 67 × 60.1.60 (KSNHM – M 10746) (Fig. 12 F). Radular teeth slightly yellowish. Central tooth elongate and bears two to four distinct main cusps and up to seven, if additional smaller denticles are counted (Figs 11 I, J, 12 G, H). Inner lateral tooth hamate with relatively narrow base and short, strong, slightly curved cusp; four to six outer denticles and three to six inner denticles (Figs 11 I, J, 12 G, H). Outer lateral teeth are elongated hook-shaped, bearing up to ten sharpened denticles (Figs 11 K, 12 I).	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E33AB74C1519BD52B4F4FC3F.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: ZMMU Op- 687, L = 55 mm (live, adult), dissected, north-eastern Pacific, USA, Washington State, Bainbridge Island, Shangri-la site, stony and rocky substrates, 18.3 m depth, 21 July 2018, coll. D. Miller. Paratypes: ZMMU Op- 688, one spc., L = 14 mm (preserved, subadult), dissected, north-eastern Pacific, Canada, British Columbia, Galiano Island, Barnes Bay, stony and rocky substrates, 11.8 m depth, 19 June 2018, coll. K. Fletcher. LSID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: A 5 FF 0726 - 9 D 7 C- 4 CD 5 - B 94 F- 666191 A 632 E 7 Etymology For Klas Malmberg, Swedish marine biologist, for his contributions to the understanding of the nudibranch fauna.	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E334B7411519B982B655FEE6.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: ZMMU Op- 689, L = 45 mm (live), dissected, north-eastern Pacific, USA, Washington State, Bainbridge Island, Shangri-la site, stony and rocky substrate, 7.9 m depth, 21 July 2018, coll. K. Fletcher. LSID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 1 EA 41008 - 25 A 4 - 4 D 4 E- 9 E 3 F- 9 F 4981 B 1 AB 7 C Etymology For Janna Nichols, REEF’s Citizen Science Program Manager, working extensively with the Volunteer Fish and Invertebrate Survey Project database, training programmes and volunteer teams. She has worked tirelessly for citizen science programme development in the Pacific north-west of the USA and globally.	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E334B7421681BDD2B583FBF4.taxon	description	Radula Radular formula approximately 90 × 97.1.97 (ZMMU Op- 687, adult, Fig. 13 G) and approximately 60 × 55.1.55 (ZMMU Op- 688, subadult; Fig. 13 K). Radular teeth slightly yellowish. Central tooth moderately elongate and bears three to five distinct cusps (Fig. 13 H, I, L). Inner lateral tooth hamate with relatively narrow base (Fig. 13 I) (more widened in subadult specimens; Fig. 13 L) and short, strong, slightly curved cusp; three to five outer denticles and two to four inner denticles (Fig. 13 H, I, L). Outer lateral teeth are elongated hook-shaped, bearing up to seven sharpened denticles (Fig. 13 J, M).	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E337B74116B3B950B61BF8A7.taxon	description	Radula Radular formula approximately 95 × 65.1. 65. (Fig. 14 F). Radular teeth slightly yellowish. Central tooth elongate and bearing two or three (commonly two) small cusps (Fig. 14 G, H). Inner lateral tooth hamate with relatively narrow base and short, strong, slightly curved cusp; three or four outer denticles and two or three inner denticles (Fig. 14 G, H). Outer lateral teeth are elongated hook-shaped, with strongly reduced denticles (Fig. 14 I).	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E337B7441513BACAB6BBFE10.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Body relatively narrow, notal edges well defined, covered with strongly protruding, thick, elongated to club-shaped tubercles. Gills are multipinnate, gill cavity well defined. Labial cuticle with bi- to multicuspid elements. Radula broad, central teeth present, elongated with weakly developed cusps, partly directed forward. Vas deferens with narrow ejaculatory duct, penial spines reported to be present. Receptaculum seminis not inserted directly to the base of bursa (semiserial type).	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E332B75A1519B8A4B654F9A3.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material: NSMT-Op R: 1140, one spc., L = 33 mm (preserved), north-western Pacific, Japan, Honshu, Sagami Bay, Amadaiba, Kannontsuka-dashi, 62 – 73 m depth, 21 July 1959, coll. Household Emperor Laboratory. ZMMU Op- 690, one spec., L = 39 mm (live), dissected, north-western Pacific, Japan, Honshu, Izu Peninsula, Osezaki, stony and soft substrate, c. 70 m depth, 11 September 2016, coll. Hiroshi Takashige.	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E332B75A1519B8A4B654F9A3.taxon	description	ZMMU Op- 691, one spec., L = c. 20 mm (live), dissected, north-western Pacific, Japan, Honshu, Izu Peninsula, Osezaki, stony and soft substrate, c. 70 m depth, 11 September 2016, coll. Hiroshi Takashige.	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E332B7441541BE3BB313FC1E.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Cadlina sagamiensis Baba, 1937. LSID: urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 55 E 2348 F-A 160 - 47 CC- 8 B 38 - 1671506 E 1171 Etymology: From the Japanese Shōwa jidai (昭和時代) meaning ‘ Shōwa era’ corresponding to the reign of the Shōwa Emperor Hirohito in reference to the collection of the type material for the type species of this genus C. sagamiensis by Hirohito. Diagnosis: As the family Showajidaiidae. Remarks: See Discussion.	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E332B7441519B832B3B5FB9C.taxon	description	(FIGS 2, 18, 19)	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
039B7442E32DB75B16B3B903B5A1F8A4.taxon	description	Radula Radular formula approximately 118 × 60.1.60 (Op- 690) (Fig. 19 G), 120 × 70.1.70 (NSMT-Op R: 1140) (Fig. 18 M). Radular teeth slightly yellowish. Central tooth elongate with four to seven (more commonly five to six) distinct but adpressed smaller cusps (Figs 18 N, P, 19 H, I). Inner lateral tooth hamate with relatively narrow base and long curved cusp; approximately three to seven outer denticles and one or two inner denticles (Fig. 19 H). Outer lateral teeth are elongated hook-shaped, bearing up to ten denticles (Figs 18 O, 19 J).	en	Korshunova, Tatiana, Fletcher, Karin, Picton, Bernard, Lundin, Kennet, Kashio, Sho, Sanamyan, Nadezhda, Sanamyan, Karen, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Martynov, Alexander (2020): The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 762-827
