taxonID	type	description	language	source
039987A1A8557A58FF11B2AB30A62CA7.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Named after Dr. Prashant K. Dhakephalkar (Director, MACS Agharkar Research Institute, Pune) for his invaluable contributions to Indian industrial microbiology and bioenergy research.	en	Harikrishnan, Kuniyil, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Patil, Ravindra M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Visagie, Cobus M. (2025): Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and A. patriciawiltshireae spp. nov., two new species in Aspergillus sect. Nigri ser. Japonici (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 695 (1): 57-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2
039987A1A8557A58FF11B2AB30A62CA7.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: INDIA, Kerala, Kannur, Aniyaram, 11.72416 ° N, 75.584167 ° E, from soil associated with Anthurium andraeanum (rhizosphere), 29 January 2023, Harikrishnan K & Rajeshkumar KC (holotype AMH 10690 [dried culture], ex-holotype NFCCI 5750 [living culture]).	en	Harikrishnan, Kuniyil, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Patil, Ravindra M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Visagie, Cobus M. (2025): Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and A. patriciawiltshireae spp. nov., two new species in Aspergillus sect. Nigri ser. Japonici (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 695 (1): 57-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2
039987A1A8557A58FF11B2AB30A62CA7.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Phylogenies resolve Aspergillus dhakephalkarii as a distinct lineage in series Japonici. Aspergillus dhakephalkarii produces uniseriate conidiophores with ellipsoidal, smooth-walled conidia. Aspergillus saccharolyticus (Sørensen et al. 2011) is its closest relative (Figure 1), but this species and other uniseriate species of series Japonici typically produce globose, subglobose or ellipsoidal conidia with echinulate or roughened walls. Furthermore, A. dhakephalkarii produces yellowish white (4 A 2) to yellowish orange (4 A 6 – B 7) sclerotia on OA and lacks acid production on CREA, while its closest relative typically lacks sclerotia and produces acid on CREA. See Table 2. Classification: Aspergillus subg. Circumdati sect. Nigri ser. Japonici.	en	Harikrishnan, Kuniyil, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Patil, Ravindra M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Visagie, Cobus M. (2025): Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and A. patriciawiltshireae spp. nov., two new species in Aspergillus sect. Nigri ser. Japonici (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 695 (1): 57-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2
039987A1A8557A58FF11B2AB30A62CA7.taxon	description	Description: Colony diam (25 ˚ C, 7 d, in mm): CREA 29 – 30; CYA> 70; CYA 30 ˚ C> 70; CYA 37 ˚ C 10 – 12; CY 20 S> 70; CZ 39 – 40; DG 18 38 – 40; MEA 55 – 60; MEA 30 ºC 59 – 62; MEA 37 ˚ C 14 – 16; MEAbl 53 – 57; M 20 S;> 70; OA 55 – 58; YES> 70. Colony characters (25 ˚ C, 7 d): CYA: Colony surface velutinous, radially sulcate, margins irregular; mycelia white (1 A 1); sporulation dense, brown (7 E 4); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse white (1 A 1). CYA 20 S: Colony surface velutinous, margins irregular; mycelia white (1 A 1); sporulation dense, greyish brown (8 E 3); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse greyish yellow (4 B 4) at the centre, white (1 A 1) at the margin. CZ: Colony surface velutinous, plain, margins irregular; mycelia white (1 A 1); sporulation absent; exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse hyaline. DG 18: Colony surface velutinous, plain, margins irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation sparse; exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse hyaline. MEA: Colony surface velutinous, margins irregular; mycelia white (1 A 1); sporulation dense, greyish brown (8 E 3); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse yellowish white (4 A 2). MEAbl: Colony surface velutinous, margins irregular; mycelia white (1 A 1); sporulation dense, greyish brown (8 E 3); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse yellowish white (4 A 2). M 20 S: Colony velutinous, margins irregular; mycelia white (1 A 1); sporulation dense, greyish brown (8 E 3); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse yellowish white (4 A 2). OA: Colony surface velutinous, margins irregular; mycelia white (1 A 1); sporulation moderate, dark brown (8 F 4); reverse white (1 A 1); sclerotia present, yellowish white (4 A 2) to yellowish orange (4 A 6 – B 7). YES: Colony surface velutinous, irregularly sulcate, margins irregular; mycelia white (1 A 1); sporulation dense, greyish brown (5 E 5); reverse pale orange (5 A 3) at centre, orange-white (5 A 2) at margin. CREA: Colonies weak growth, acid not produced. Conidiophores uniseriate, radiate, splitting into 2 – 3 columns. Stipes 200 – 400 × 8 – 13 μm, hyaline, smooth. Vesicles 25 – 50 μm wide, globose to subglobose. Phialides 7 – 9 × 2.5 – 4 μm flask-shaped, covering the entire surface of the vesicle. Conidia 4.5 – 6.5 × 2.5 – 4 μm, brown, ellipsoidal, smooth. Ascomata not observed. Sclerotia 400 – 800 μm diam, yellowish white (4 A 2) when young, yellowish orange (4 A 6 – B 7) when mature.	en	Harikrishnan, Kuniyil, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Patil, Ravindra M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Visagie, Cobus M. (2025): Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and A. patriciawiltshireae spp. nov., two new species in Aspergillus sect. Nigri ser. Japonici (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 695 (1): 57-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2
039987A1A8557A58FF11B2AB30A62CA7.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: INDIA, Maharashtra, Pune, Mulshi, 18.460278 ° N 73.442222 ° E, from soil, 28 July 2023, Harikrishnan K & Rajeshkumar KC (AMH 10691, NFCCI 5751).	en	Harikrishnan, Kuniyil, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Patil, Ravindra M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Visagie, Cobus M. (2025): Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and A. patriciawiltshireae spp. nov., two new species in Aspergillus sect. Nigri ser. Japonici (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 695 (1): 57-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2
039987A1A8557A51FF11B4EE376A2F0D.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Named after Prof. Patricia E. J. Wiltshire, “ the queen of forensic science ” who first started to use fungal spores in solving crimes, and was formerly based at Kings College London, then University College London, United Kingdom, and now The University of Southampton.	en	Harikrishnan, Kuniyil, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Patil, Ravindra M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Visagie, Cobus M. (2025): Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and A. patriciawiltshireae spp. nov., two new species in Aspergillus sect. Nigri ser. Japonici (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 695 (1): 57-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2
039987A1A8557A51FF11B4EE376A2F0D.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: INDIA, Maharashtra, Pune, Mulshi, 18.462444 ° N, 73.442778 ° E, from soil, 28 July 2023, Harikrishnan K & Rajeshkumar KC (holotype AMH 10778 [dried culture], ex-holotype NFCCI 5959 [living culture].	en	Harikrishnan, Kuniyil, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Patil, Ravindra M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Visagie, Cobus M. (2025): Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and A. patriciawiltshireae spp. nov., two new species in Aspergillus sect. Nigri ser. Japonici (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 695 (1): 57-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2
039987A1A8557A51FF11B4EE376A2F0D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Aspergillus patriciawiltshireae is morphologically distinct from its sister species, A. indologenus, A. japonicus and A. uvarum. Aspergillus patriciawiltshireae produces colonies with poor sporulation and abundant sclerotia in CYA and MEA at 25 ºC. In contrast, A. japonicus and A. uvarum produce colonies with dense sporulation and fewer sclerotia (Klich 2002, Perrone et al. 2008). Sclerotial production is not observed in A. indologenus (Varga et al. 2011). Aspergillus patriciawiltshireae conidiophores have larger vesicles (30 – 55 × 30 – 50 µm) than those of A. indologenus, A. japonicus and A. uvarum (15 – 45 µm). However, they have comparable conidial shape, size and ornamentation viz. globose, echinulate and 3 – 4 µm wide (Table 2). Classification: Aspergillus subgen. Circumdati sect. Nigri ser. Japonici.	en	Harikrishnan, Kuniyil, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Patil, Ravindra M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Visagie, Cobus M. (2025): Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and A. patriciawiltshireae spp. nov., two new species in Aspergillus sect. Nigri ser. Japonici (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 695 (1): 57-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2
039987A1A8557A51FF11B4EE376A2F0D.taxon	description	Description: Colony diam (25 ˚ C, 7 d, in mm): CREA 20 – 25; CYA> 70; CYA 30 ˚ C> 70; CYA 37 ˚ C 3; CY 20 S 35 – 40; CZ 45 – 50; DG 18 10 – 15; MEA 55 – 60; MEA 30 ˚ C 65 – 70; MEA 37 ˚ C 3; MEAbl 50 – 55; M 20 S 65 – 70; OA 55; YES 50 – 55. Colony characters (25 ˚ C, 7 d): CYA: Colony surface velutinous, sulcate, margins irregular; mycelia white (1 A 1); sporulation sparse, brown (7 E 4); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse white (1 A 1); sclerotia present, yellowish white (4 A 2) to yellowish orange (4 B 7). CYA 20 S: Colony surface velutinous, margins irregular; mycelia white (1 A 1); sporulation sparse; exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse white (1 A 1). CZ: Colony surface velutinous, plain, margins irregular; mycelia white (1 A 1); sporulation absent; exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse hyaline. DG 18: Colony surface velutinous, margins irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation sparse; exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse white (1 A 1). MEA: Colony surface velutinous, margins irregular; mycelia white (1 A 1); sporulation sparse, brown (7 E 4); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse yellowish white (4 A 2); sclerotia present, yellowish white (4 A 2) to yellowish orange (4 A 6 – B 7). MEAbl: Colony surface velutinous, sulcate, margins irregular; mycelia white (1 A 1); sporulation absent; exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse yellowish white (4 A 2); sclerotia present, yellowish white (4 A 2). M 20 S: Colony velutinous, margins irregular; mycelia white (1 A 1); sporulation sparse, greyish brown (8 E 3); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse yellowish white (4 A 2); sclerotia present, yellowish white (4 A 2). OA: Colony surface velutinous; margins irregular; mycelia white (1 A 1); sporulation moderate, dark brown (8 F 4); reverse white (1 A 1); sclerotia present, yellowish white (4 A 2). YES: Colony surface velutinous, irregularly sulcate, margins irregular; mycelia white (1 A 1); sporulation sparse, greyish brown (5 E 5); reverse orange-white (5 A 2). CREA: Colonies are slow-growing, and acid production is present. Conidiophores uniseriate, radiate, splitting into more than 5 columns. Stipes 400 – 600 × 11 – 15 μm, hyaline, smooth. Vesicles 30 – 55 × 30 – 50 μm wide, globose to subglobose. Phialides 7 – 9 × 2.5 – 4 μm, flask-shaped, covering the entire surface of the vesicle. Conidia 3 – 4 × 3 – 3.5 μm, brown, globose, echinulate. Ascomata not observed. Sclerotia 400 – 600 μm diam, yellowish white (4 A 2) when young, yellowish orange (4 A 6 – B 7) when mature.	en	Harikrishnan, Kuniyil, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Patil, Ravindra M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Visagie, Cobus M. (2025): Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and A. patriciawiltshireae spp. nov., two new species in Aspergillus sect. Nigri ser. Japonici (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 695 (1): 57-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2
039987A1A8557A51FF11B4EE376A2F0D.taxon	materials_examined	Additional material examined: INDIA, Maharashtra, Velhe-Mangaon, 18.31861 ° N, 73.505000 ° E, from the soil, 10 August 2023, Harikrishnan K & Rajeshkumar KC (AMH 10779, NFCCI 5960).	en	Harikrishnan, Kuniyil, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Patil, Ravindra M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Visagie, Cobus M. (2025): Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and A. patriciawiltshireae spp. nov., two new species in Aspergillus sect. Nigri ser. Japonici (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 695 (1): 57-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2
039987A1A85C7A4EFF11B7C93769280C.taxon	description	Classification: Aspergillus subgen. Circumdati sect. Nigri ser. Japonici. Description: Colony diam (25 ˚ C, 7 d, in mm): CREA 28 – 32; CYA> 70; CYA 30 ˚ C> 70; CYA 37 ˚ C 11 – 12; CY 20 S> 70; CZ 66 – 70; DG 18 42 – 45; MEA 50 – 55; MEA 30 ˚ C 27 – 28; MEA 37 ˚ C 8; MEAbl 47 – 50; M 20 S; 60 – 62; OA 56 – 58; YES> 70. Colony characters (25 ˚ C, 7 d): CYA Colony surface velutinous, margin irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation dense, brown (7 E 4); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse yellowish white at the centre, white (1 A 1) at the margin. CYA 20 S: Colony surface velutinous, margin irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation dense, brown (7 E 4); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse white (1 A 1). CZ: Colony surface velutinous, margin irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation absent; exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse hyaline. DG 18: Colony surface velutinous, mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation absent; exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse hyaline. MEA: Colony surface velutinous, margin irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation dense, greyish brown (7 E 4); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse yellowish white (4 A 2). MEAbl: Colony surface velutinous; margin irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation dense, greyish brown (8 E 3); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse yellowish white (4 A 2). M 20 S: Colony surface velutinous, margin irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation dense, brown (7 E 4); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse yellowish white (4 A 2). OA: Colony surface velutinous; margin irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation moderately dense, brown (7 E 4); reverse white (1 A 1). YES: Colony surface velutinous, irregularly sulcate, margin irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation moderately dense, brown (7 E 4); reverse orange-white. CREA: Colonies have weak growth, and acid is not produced. Conidiophores radiate, splitting into poorly defined columns or 2 – 6 well-defined columns with age; stipes (277 –) 500 – 750 (– 813) × 10 – 14 µm, walls thin, smooth, hyaline. Vesicles 35 – 58 µm wide, globose; uniseriate. Phialides flask-shaped and cover the entire surface of the vesicle, measuring 6.5 – 9 µm. Conidia globose to subglobose often ellipsoidal, 3.25 – 4 × 3 – 3.8 µm, echinulate. Sclerotia not observed.	en	Harikrishnan, Kuniyil, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Patil, Ravindra M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Visagie, Cobus M. (2025): Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and A. patriciawiltshireae spp. nov., two new species in Aspergillus sect. Nigri ser. Japonici (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 695 (1): 57-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2
039987A1A85C7A4EFF11B7C93769280C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: INDIA, Kerala, Aniyaram, 11.724167 ° N, 75.584167 ° E, from soil associated with Murraya koenigii (rhizosphere), 29 January 2023, Harikrishnan K & Rajeshkumar KC (AMH 10692, NFCCI 5749). Notes: Phylogenetic analyses resolved our strain with others of A. aculeatinus. Our strain is morphologically comparable to the type strain (CBS 121060). However, sclerotia was not observed.	en	Harikrishnan, Kuniyil, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Patil, Ravindra M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Visagie, Cobus M. (2025): Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and A. patriciawiltshireae spp. nov., two new species in Aspergillus sect. Nigri ser. Japonici (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 695 (1): 57-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2
039987A1A8437A4EFF11B011366C2C19.taxon	description	Classification: Aspergillus subgen. Circumdati sect. Nigri ser. Japonici. Description: Colony diam (25 ºC, 7 d, in mm): CREA 26 – 30; CYA> 70; CYA 30 ˚ C> 70; CYA 37 ˚ C 12 – 26; CY 20 S 64 – 68; CZ 55 – 57; DG 18 26 – 30; MEA 60 – 65; MEA 30 ˚ C 66 – 68; MEA 37 ˚ C 2 – 3; MEAbl 50 – 55; M 20 S;> 70; OA 60; YES> 70. Colony characters (25 ˚ C 7 d): CYA: Colony surface velutinous; margin irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation dense, brown (6 E 4); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse pale yellow (4 A 3) at centre, white (1 A 1) at margin. CYA 20 S: Colony surface velutinous; margin irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation dense, brown (7 E 4); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse white (1 A 1). CZ: Colony surface velutinous, mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation absent; exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse hyaline. DG 18: Colony surface velutinous, mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation absent; exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse hyaline. MEA: Colony surface velutinous; margin irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation high, brown (7 E 4); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse yellowish white (4 A 2). MEAbl: Colony surface velutinous; margin irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation high, brown (7 E 4); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse yellowish white (4 A 2). M 20 S: Colony surface velutinous; margin irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation high, greyish brown (7 E 4); exudates and soluble pigments absent; reverse yellowish white (4 A 2). OA: Colony surface velutinous, margin irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation moderate, dark brown (8 F 4); reverse white (1 A 1). YES: Colony surface velutinous, irregularly sulcate, margin irregular; mycelium white (1 A 1); sporulation moderate, brown (5 F 4); reverse orange-white (5 A 2). CREA: Colonies have weak growth, and acid production is absent. Conidiophores radiate, splitting into poorly defined columns; Stipes (192 –) 200 – 557 × 10 – 14 µm, smooth, hyaline. Vesicles 28 – 46 µm diam globose to ellipsoidal, uniseriate. Phialides 6 – 9 × 3.5 – 4 µm flask-shaped and cover the entire surface of the vesicle, covering entire vesicle. Conidia 3.5 – 5 × 3 – 4 µm, globose to ellipsoidal, echinulate surface.	en	Harikrishnan, Kuniyil, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Patil, Ravindra M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Visagie, Cobus M. (2025): Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and A. patriciawiltshireae spp. nov., two new species in Aspergillus sect. Nigri ser. Japonici (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 695 (1): 57-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2
039987A1A8437A4EFF11B011366C2C19.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: INDIA, Maharashtra, Velhe-Mangaon, 18.325833 ° N, 73.521667 ° E, from soil, 10 August 2023, Harikrishnan K, Ravi Patil & Rajeshkumar KC (AMH 10693, NFCCI 5752) Notes: Phylogenetic analyses resolved our strain with others of A. brunneoviolaceus. Jurjević et al. (2012) observed acid production in A. brunneoviolaceus, but acid production on CREA is absent in NFCCI 5752.	en	Harikrishnan, Kuniyil, Rajeshkumar, Kunhiraman C., Patil, Ravindra M., Jeewon, Rajesh, Visagie, Cobus M. (2025): Aspergillus dhakephalkarii and A. patriciawiltshireae spp. nov., two new species in Aspergillus sect. Nigri ser. Japonici (Eurotiales, Aspergillaceae) from India. Phytotaxa 695 (1): 57-79, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.695.1.2
