taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A60F08FFF3FF899AF6FA644D77F999.taxon	description	zoobank. org: act: 059 BCA 03 - 7 AD 8 - 44 EF-A 24 A- 31223 D 7967 E 5 (Figs 1 – 4, 7)	en	Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Warren, Andrew David, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Two new species of Staphylus (Scantilla) Godman and Salvin, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) from Colombia and Mexico. Zootaxa 5609 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7
03A60F08FFF3FF899AF6FA644D77F999.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. In the male genitalia, the valva is more elongated and narrower when compared with St. (Sc.) opites, where the valva reassembles a triangle (see pl. 9, fig. 5, in Godman & Salvin, 1896). In addition, the harpe is somewhat oval, while in St. (Sc.) opites the upper region has two pointed expansions. The fultura inferior bears clusters of small, socketed spines on its lateral sides, which are absent in St. (Sc.) opites.	en	Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Warren, Andrew David, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Two new species of Staphylus (Scantilla) Godman and Salvin, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) from Colombia and Mexico. Zootaxa 5609 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7
03A60F08FFF3FF899AF6FA644D77F999.taxon	description	Male description (Fig. 2 A – B). Head (Fig. 3 A – B): Brown with yellow scales dorsally; white cream ventrally, third segment of palpi slightly darker. Antennae brown dorsally, ventrally with small yellow dots at base of joints. Nudum with 11 segments. Thorax: Brown dorsally, with white hair-like scales ventrally. Legs brown with white hair-like scales and sparse yellow scales. FW length and shape: 16 mm (n = 1). Outer margin rounded. HW length and shape: 12 mm (n = 1). Outer margin undulated. DFW: Brown. Two paler transverse bands in the central and postdiscal areas. Costal fold absent. Presence of few sparse paler scales. Fringe brown. VFW: Lighter brown. Presence of sparse paler scales. Fringe as in DFW. DHW: Brown. Two paler transverse bands in central and postdiscal areas. Presence of few pale scales and long, thin, brown hair-like scales. Fringe brown. VHW: Lighter brown. Presence of sparse yellow scales, predominantly on the inner margin. Abdomen: Unknown [previously dissected]. Genitalia (Fig. 4): Tegumen about as long as wide, rounded proximally, distally with a small excavation at the middle and two lateral triangular processes. Ventral arms of tegumen narrow and fused with dorsal arms of saccus, assuming that the boundary between these structures is at the angle between them. Saccus triangular, short. Fenestra developed. Uncus with base enlarged bearing a tuft of hairs dorsally, distally tubular. Gnathos developed as two sclerotized plates fused ventrally, with fine microtrichia. Valva almost three times longer than wide; sacculus about six times longer than wide, narrow, rectangular, with proximal part wider, with thin socketed spines internally; harpe broad, rounded distally, concave on its proximal upper margin, with thin setae internally and externally, and a cluster of small socketed spines internally at dorsal proximal margin; ampulla almost reaching the harpe, rounded at dorsodistal margin, distal third ventrally straight, then making a convex curvature, with thin setae internally; costa poorly defined. Aedeagus cylindrical, shorter than valva; insertion of manica at the first third; without cornuti; ejaculatory bulb opening broad, dorsal; distal opening for vesica extending dorsodistally. Fultura superior and inferior developed, the inferior with clusters of small, socketed spines directed posteriorly on its lateral sides. Female description (Fig. 2 C – D). Female differs from male as follows: FW length. 16 mm (n = 1). HW length. 11 mm (n = 1). Wings slightly lighter than male. Two small white dots on forewing in R 2 - R 3 and R 3 - R 4. Abdomen missing.	en	Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Warren, Andrew David, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Two new species of Staphylus (Scantilla) Godman and Salvin, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) from Colombia and Mexico. Zootaxa 5609 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7
03A60F08FFF3FF899AF6FA644D77F999.taxon	biology_ecology	Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample JRAL-COI- 13 José R. A. Lemes, Bold Process CMBUT 1771 - 21, GenBank PV 258742, 658 base pairs [250 n]: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGTATTTGATCTGGTATAGTAGGAACTTCTTTAAGTATTCTTATTCGTTCAGAACTA GGAACTCCCGGATCTTTAATTGGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTAACAGCTCATGCTTTTATTNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNATTAGTACCTTTAATATTAGGAGCTCCTGATAT AGCTTTTCCTCGAATAAATAATATAAGTTTTTGATTATTACCTCCTTCTCTTATACTTTTAATTTCAAGTAGTATT GTAGAAAATGGAGCAGGTACANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNAGCTTTA CTTTTACTTTTATCACTATCAGTATTAGCAGGAGCTATTACTATACTTTTAACTGATCGAAATCTTAATACATCAT TTTTTGATCCAGCAGGAGGAGGAGATCCAATTTTATATCAACATTTATTT	en	Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Warren, Andrew David, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Two new species of Staphylus (Scantilla) Godman and Salvin, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) from Colombia and Mexico. Zootaxa 5609 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7
03A60F08FFF3FF899AF6FA644D77F999.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name bondus is in reference to the type locality, Bonda, a small village located close to the Manzanares River.	en	Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Warren, Andrew David, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Two new species of Staphylus (Scantilla) Godman and Salvin, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) from Colombia and Mexico. Zootaxa 5609 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7
03A60F08FFF3FF899AF6FA644D77F999.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 7). To date, this species is known only from the type locality, Bonda, Magdalena Department, Colombia. The type specimens, while not labeled with day or year of capture (only month), are clearly very old, since they are from the W. J. Holland collection at the CMNH.	en	Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Warren, Andrew David, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Two new species of Staphylus (Scantilla) Godman and Salvin, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) from Colombia and Mexico. Zootaxa 5609 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7
03A60F08FFF3FF899AF6FA644D77F999.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (Fig. 2 A – B) male deposited in CMNH with the following labels (lines separated by “ / ”): Bonda (250 ft.) / Dept. Magdalena / Colombia, S. A.; Oct [tober]; Holland / Collection; Genitalia Vial / Number H- 1544 / H. A. Freeman; Holotype / Staphylus bondus / A. Warren, H. A. Freeman & Lemes / DNA Voucher JRAL-COI- 13 José R. A. Lemes [Process CMBUT 1771 - 21] /. Allotype (Fig. 2 C – D) female deposited in CMNH with the following labels (lines separated by “ / ”): Bonda (250 ft.) / Dept. Magdalena / Colombia, S. A.; Sept [ember]; Holland / Collection; Allotype / Staphylus bondus / A. Warren, H. A. Freeman & Lemes.	en	Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Warren, Andrew David, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Two new species of Staphylus (Scantilla) Godman and Salvin, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) from Colombia and Mexico. Zootaxa 5609 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7
03A60F08FFF2FF8D9AF6F95D4AF3F803.taxon	description	zoobank. org: act: B 8 A 4 A 31 E-DE 61 - 4 FBE-B 449 - C 0974 B 9 FB 7 E 4 (Figs 1 – 3, 5 – 7)	en	Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Warren, Andrew David, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Two new species of Staphylus (Scantilla) Godman and Salvin, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) from Colombia and Mexico. Zootaxa 5609 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7
03A60F08FFF2FF8D9AF6F95D4AF3F803.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Staphylus (Scantilla) freemani sp. nov. is readily distinguished from St. (Sc) opites and St. (Sc.) bondus sp. nov. in the presence of a costal fold in males DFW. This is the only species in the subgenus presenting a very pronounced concavity on the dorsal valva (see arrow on Fig. 5 A); other species have the same region nearly straight or rounded.	en	Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Warren, Andrew David, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Two new species of Staphylus (Scantilla) Godman and Salvin, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) from Colombia and Mexico. Zootaxa 5609 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7
03A60F08FFF2FF8D9AF6F95D4AF3F803.taxon	description	Male description (Fig. 2 E – F). Head (Fig. 3 C – D): Brown with yellow scales dorsally; pure white ventrally, third segment of the palpi dark brown. Antennae brown dorsally, ventrally with small yellow dots at the base of the joints. Nudum with 11 segments. Thorax: Brown dorsally, with white scale-like hairs ventrally. Legs brown with white hair-like scales. FW length and shape: 13 mm – 16 mm (n = 6). Outer margin rounded. HW length and shape: 10 mm – 11 mm (n = 6). Outer margin slightly undulated. DFW: Brown. Costal fold present. Two paler transversal bands in the central and postdiscal areas. Presence of sparse paler scales. Fringe brown. VFW: Lighter brown. Fringe as in DFW. DHW: Brown. Two paler transversal bands in the central and postdiscal areas. Presence of a few pale scales and long, thin, brown hair-like scales. Fringe brown. VHW: Lighter brown. Presence of pale scales, predominantly on inner margin. Abdomen: Brown with pale scales ventrally. Genitalia (Fig. 5): Tegumen about as long as wide, rounded proximally, distally convex with two lateral triangular processes. Ventral arms of tegumen narrow and fused with dorsal arms of saccus, assuming that the boundary between these structures is at the angle between them. Saccus triangular, very short. Fenestra developed. Uncus with enlarged base, with a tuft of thin setae dorsally, distally tubular. Gnathos developed as two sclerotized plates that fuse ventrally becoming even more sclerotized, with relatively long microtrichia. Valva about two times longer than wide, dorsally with a very pronounced concavity; sacculus longer than wide, scalene triangle-shaped with a concave proximal region, bearing thin socketed spines internally; harpe broad, rounded distally, concave on its proximal margin, straight dorsally; ampulla longer than wide, wider at distal margin as a somewhat rectangular flattened process, dorsal margin with small tooth-like processes, not exceeding harpe and with a concave curvature at dorsal margin; costa poorly defined; harpe and ampulla with presence of setae externally and internally. Aedeagus cylindrical, about same length of valva; insertion of manica at the first third of aedeagus; without cornuti; ejaculatory bulb opening broad, dorsal; distal opening for vesica extending dorsodistally bearing small denticles laterally. Fultura superior and inferior developed, the inferior bearing a cluster of large, socketed spines directed posteriorly. Female description (Fig. 2 G – H): Females differ from males as follows: FW length. 11 mm – 15 mm (n = 4). HW length. 8 mm – 12 mm (n = 4). Brown wings lighter than males with bands more visible and with two white dots in R 2 - R 3 and R 3 - R 4 of FW and two submarginal dots on FW. Genitalia (Fig. 6): Papilla analis semi-rounded, covered with setae; posterior apophysis straight, about same length as papilla analis. Lamella antevaginalis as a semicircular plate in ventral view, bearing microtrichia, with a deep centro-distal excavation. Lamella postvaginalis as two large, fused plates with a large concave region where the lamella antevaginalis is inserted; ostium bursae large and well delimited at the middle of lamella postvaginalis; laterally, lamella antevaginalis as a flat triangle. Ductus bursae membranous; corpus bursae membranous and globular, about 1 / 4 the length of the ductus bursae.	en	Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Warren, Andrew David, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Two new species of Staphylus (Scantilla) Godman and Salvin, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) from Colombia and Mexico. Zootaxa 5609 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7
03A60F08FFF2FF8D9AF6F95D4AF3F803.taxon	biology_ecology	Barcode sequence of the male paratype (specimen from Mexico, Jalisco, La Manzanilla (MGCL 1112069): Sample JRAL-COI- 25, BOLD BIN AEO 6547, GenBank PV 258743, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGTATTTGATCTGGTATAGTAGGAACTTCTTTAAGTATTCTTATTCGTTCAGAATTA GGAACTCCCGGATCTTTAATTGGAGATGATCAAATTTACAATACTATTGTAACAGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTT TTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATTGATTAGTACCTTTAATATTAGGAGCTCCTGATAT AGCTTTTCCTCGAATAAATAATATAAGTTTTTGATTATTACCTCCTTCTCTTATACTTTTAATTTCAAGTAGTATC GTAGAAAATGGAGCAGGTACAGGATGAACTGTTTACCCCCCTCTTTCAGCTAATATTGCTCACCAAGGAGCATCTG TAGATTTAGCTATTTTTTCTCTTCATTTAGCTGGAATTTCTTCAATTCTTGGAGCAATTAACTTTATTACAACTAT TATTAATATACGAATTAATAACTTATCATTTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGAGCAGTAGGAATTACAGCTTTA CTTTTACTTTTATCTTTACCAGTATTAGCAGGAGCTATTACAATACTTTTAACTGATCGAAACCTTAATACTTCAT TTTTTGATCCAGCAGGAGGAGGAGATCCAATTTTATATCAACATTTATTT	en	Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Warren, Andrew David, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Two new species of Staphylus (Scantilla) Godman and Salvin, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) from Colombia and Mexico. Zootaxa 5609 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7
03A60F08FFF2FF8D9AF6F95D4AF3F803.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The female genitalia illustration of Staphylus (Sc.) freemani sp. nov. presented herein represents the first female genitalia illustration of the subgenus (see taxonomic catalogue in Mielke 2024).	en	Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Warren, Andrew David, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Two new species of Staphylus (Scantilla) Godman and Salvin, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) from Colombia and Mexico. Zootaxa 5609 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7
03A60F08FFF2FF8D9AF6F95D4AF3F803.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honor of Hugh Avery Freeman, who first identified this taxon as undescribed, in recognition of his significant contributions to the study of Hesperiidae.	en	Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Warren, Andrew David, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Two new species of Staphylus (Scantilla) Godman and Salvin, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) from Colombia and Mexico. Zootaxa 5609 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7
03A60F08FFF2FF8D9AF6F95D4AF3F803.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 7). This new species appears to be restricted to coastal western Mexico, from Jalisco (and probably Nayarit), south to at least Zipolite, Oaxaca. Seven of nine currently known specimens are from the state of Colima, from the coastal valley around Manzanillo. All specimens have been collected at or near sea-level.	en	Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Warren, Andrew David, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Two new species of Staphylus (Scantilla) Godman and Salvin, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) from Colombia and Mexico. Zootaxa 5609 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7
03A60F08FFF2FF8D9AF6F95D4AF3F803.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (Fig. 2 E – F) male deposited in MZFC, with the following labels: (lines separated by “ / ”): Mexico: Oaxaca / Zipolite, sea level / 10 - VIII- 1990 / John Kemner; Genitalia Vial / Number H- 1084 / H. A. Freeman; Holotype / Staphylus freemani / A. Warren & Lemes /. Allotype (Fig. 2 G – H) female deposited in USNM with the following labels (lines separated by “ / ”): Collection of / S. S. Nicolay / Manzanillo / Col. [ima] Mexico / 18 Jan. 1953; Collected by / Dr. J. A. Comstock; PHOTO; Photo / Allotype / Staphylus freemani / A. Warren & & Lemes / DNA Voucher JRAL-COI- 26 José R. A. Lemes [BOLD: AEO 6547] /. Paratypes. MEXICO – Colima: Manzanillo, 14. I. 1953, 1 ♂, J. A. Comstock leg., Genitalia slide H 52 Prep. S. S. Nicolay (USNM); 19. XII. 1952, 1 ♀, J. A. Comstock leg. (USNM,); 31. XII. 1952, 1 ♂, J. A. Comstock leg., Genitalia slide H 188 Prep. S. S. Nicolay (USNM); Playa de Oro, 3 – 5 Km NE, 30. XII. 1995, 1 ♂, Andrew D. Warren & I. Vargas-F. leg., Genitalia Vial # 97 - 15 Andrew D. Warren (ADW); 30. XII. 1995, 1 ♀, Andrew D. Warren & I. Vargas-F. leg., Genitalia Vial # 97 - 16 Andrew D. Warren (ADW); 2 km W Chandiablo, 2. I. 1996, 1 ♀, Andrew D. Warren & I. Vargas-F. leg.; Guerrero: Ixtapa Zihuatanejo, 1 - 5. III. 1985, 1 ♂, J. J. Bowe leg., FSCA Florida State Collection of Arthropods, MGCL / FLMNH Specimen nº. 36968 (MGCL). Jalisco: La Manzanilla, 24. XII. 2000, D. L. Linsdley leg., JRAL-COI- 25 [BOLD: AEO 6547] (MGCL 1112069); 5 – 6 km NW Chico’s Paradise on Hwy. 200, 13. XI. 1995, B. O’Hara (ADW). Michoacán: Arteaga, El Huarichito, 2. V. 1997, 1 ♀, L. González-C. leg. (MZFC).	en	Lemes, José Ricardo Assmann, Warren, Andrew David, Siewert, Ricardo Russo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik, Casagrande, Mirna Martins (2025): Two new species of Staphylus (Scantilla) Godman and Salvin, 1896 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) from Colombia and Mexico. Zootaxa 5609 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5609.2.7
