taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A65761F2018B466136FF7C6912B0F7.taxon	description	Castiglionia Ruiz & Pav. (1794) 139. ― Type: Castiglionia lobata Ruiz & Pav. [= Jatropha curcas L.]	en	van Welzen, P. C., Sweet, F. S. T., Fernández-Casas, F. J. (2017): A revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 62 (1): 58-74, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695421, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695421
03A65761F2018B466136FF7C6912B0F7.taxon	description	Collenucia Chiov. (1929) 177. ― Type: Collenucia paradoxa Chiov. [= Jatropha paradoxa (Chiov.) Chiov.]. (Description based on Malesian species only) Large herbs to shrubs to treelets, monoecious, protogynous; taproot thick, long. Indumentum absent, of simple hairs or glandular. Stipules distinct or not, simple or split multiple times. Leaves simple, alternate, eglandular except sometimes for hairs; petioles not pulvinate; blades often palmately lobed to - partite with lobed segments, margin entire to undulate to finely serrate, with simple and glandular hairs on tips when serrate; venation at least basally palmate, bronchidodromous, anastomosing, veinlets reticulate. Inflorescences usually terminal, cymose, often corymbiform, with a pistillate flower ending every primary branch, more lateral flowers staminate; bracts elliptic or triangular, sometimes narrow, margin entire to serrate, becoming smaller upwards. Flowers unisexual, 5 - merous, actinomorphic; sepals 5, often basally united, imbricate; petals 5, free or adnate, contort, glabrous, but in some species (partly) hairy inside; disc glands 5, alternating with the petals. Staminate flowers: sepal margin serrate to entire; petal margin entire; stamens 8 or 10 in two whorls, outer 5, inner 5 or 3, filaments free or partly united (especially inner whorl) in an androphore, anthers (narrowly) elliptical to triangular, (dorsi) basifixed, opening latrorse to extrorse via lengthwise slits, 2 - thecate, these basally hardly to distinctly divaricate; pistillode absent. Pistillate flowers: sepals, petals and disc glands like in staminate flower, ovary (2 –) 3 (– 4) - locular, with a single ovule per locule; style short, stigmas 3, often resembling anthers and usually divided into a narrow unreceptive part (filament-like) and a receptive, almost completely split, broadened and thickened part (anther-like). Fruits globular to ellipsoid, capsular, slightly 3 - lobed, dehiscing either only septicidally, only loculicidally or completely septicidally and partly loculicidally; wall thin, at most c. 1 mm thick. Seeds glabrous; caruncle 2 - to multifid. Distribution ― According to Govaerts et al. (2000) a genus of c. 190 species in the tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas (incl. Caribbean), Africa (incl. Madagascar) up to India. Several species are introduced throughout the tropics worldwide, five species cultivated in Malesia, often escaping and possibly invasive.	en	van Welzen, P. C., Sweet, F. S. T., Fernández-Casas, F. J. (2017): A revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 62 (1): 58-74, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695421, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695421
03A65761F2058B426136FBC26C01B70C.taxon	description	See www. ipni. org or www. theplantlist. org for more infraspecific names synonymous with var. gossypiifolia. (Herbs to) shrubs to treelets, at least up to 5 m high, up to 12 cm diam, branching, succulent; flowering branches 1.5 – 8 mm diam, round, with branching glandular hairs, especially when young, often dark maroon. Outer bark thin, finely pustular-lenti- cellate to smooth, grey; sap thin, greyish or whitish. Indumentum of simple, white, long hirsute hairs and branching glandular trichomes with elongated heads and non-branching glandular mushroom-shaped trichomes, glandular hairs with dark maroon stalk and yellow head. Stipules dissected and appearing as a band of branching glandular trichomes (a similar band is also present with the bracts). Leaves: petiole 2 – 15.5 cm long, 1 – 2 mm diam, basally thickened, round but above flat to grooved, upper surface with hirsute hairs and along ridges branched glandular hairs, maroon; blade ovate, 3 – 5 - palmatifid, 2 – 12.5 by 2.5 – 16 cm, 0.6 – 0.9 times as long as wide, base rounded to slightly emarginate, margin subentire to finely, shallowly serrate, teeth ending in unbranched glandular trichomes, ciliate with hirsute hairs, apex of central lobe obtuse to acuminate, lobes usually obovate, basally united, surfaces often showing small glands (hydatodes?), upper surface glossy dark green to brownish, often, especially when young, with hirsute hairs along major veins, lower surface light green to completely red when young, glabrous; venation palmate, with 7 basal veins of which central 3 or 5 more developed, nerves in central lobe 8 – 14 pairs, anastomosing and looped near margin except for basal one which ends in sinus between lobes. Inflorescences compound subterminal cymes, erect to erecto-patent, up to 16.5 cm long, laxly hirsute, green to maroon; peduncle 2.5 – 20 cm long, 1 – 3 mm wide; rachis 0.9 – 7 cm long; cymes with central flowers pistillate, staminate flowers along branches; bracts elliptic, basal ones 10 – 19 by 2 – 4 mm, indument and basal structures like leaves and stipules, respectively. Flowers cup-shaped; pedicel 2 – 10 mm long, with simple hairs, subapical abscission zone; sepals free, ovate to elliptic to obovate, green to maroon, margin serrate with simple hairs and teeth ending in a glandular hair, apex cuspidate; petals obovate, apex rounded, maroon with light green to yellow basal part. Staminate flowers c. 6 mm diam; sepals c. 4 by 1.2 mm; petals c. 4.5 by 2.5 mm; disc lobes obtrapezoid, convex, c. 0.5 by 0.5 mm; stamens 8, 5 in outer whorl, 3 united in inner whorl, outer almost free, with free filament part c. 1.2 mm long, yellow-red, androphore c. 2.5 mm long, light green, anthers triangular, 0.5 – 0.6 by 0.5 – 0.6 mm, orange-red, especially inner ones basally divaricating, dorsibasifixed, latrorse opening. Pistillate flowers 4.5 – 6 mm diam; sepals 4.5 – 6 by 2 – 2.5 mm; petals c. 5 by 3 mm, caducous; disc lobes ± rectangular, c. 1 by 0.5 mm, thick; ovary ovoid 1.5 – 3 by 1.3 – 3 mm, 6 - ribbed, green, few hairs, style absent to very short, c. 0.1 mm long; stigmas light green, with unreceptive lower part c. 1 mm long, apically receptive part thickened, split, U-shaped, 0.6 – 0.8 mm long. Fruits oblong, slightly 3 - lobed, 8 – 12 by 7 – 11.5 mm, pendant, sparingly hirsute to subglabrous, dehiscing completely septicidally and partly loculicidally, shiny green when immature; wall c. 0.5 mm thick; columella 6.3 – 8.5 mm long, narrowly T-shaped, very slender. Seeds somewhat dorsiventrally compressed-ellipsoid, 8 – 8.5 by 4.5 – 5 by 3 – 4 mm; caruncle multifid, exceeding the seed apex. Distribution ― Mexico to N South America and Caribbean Islands, introduced and established throughout Malesia. Habitat & Ecology ― Wet areas like swamps, coast, littoral and sublittoral, gradually sloping reef flats, and damaged mangrove ecotone, but also secondary forest, lowland savannah, grassy plains, wasteland, road sides, usually open areas in general. Soil: sandy loam, (white-) sand, loam, clay, rocky clay loam, often siltish; bedrock: granite, limestone. Altitude: sea-level up to 750 m. Flowering and fruiting: throughout the year. Vernacular names ― Malay Peninsula (mainly after Corner 1951): Jarak, Jarak beremah, Jarak hitam, Jarak kling, Jarak merah (Malay). Java: Djarak, Djarak kosta, Djarak tjina. Philippines (mainly after Merrill 1923): Balautandoiong, Tagum- bau-a-nalabága, Taua-tauá (Ilóko); Bongalon (Tagbanua); Lansi-lanináan (Tagálog); Túba-sa-buáia (Bíkol); Tuba-túba (Panay Bisáya, Cebu Bisáya). Lesser Sunda Islands: Flores: Waru-wégé (Takatunga, Ngadha); Timor: Damar merah; Pauk op na (Dawan); Alor: Arangfai, Iwang bawiw, Train kenanagar. Cotton-leaved physic-nut (English). Uses (after Burkill 1935, Heyne 1950) ― Ornamental plant, planted in hedges. Medicinally used against diarrhea. A swal- lowing of a decoction of 7 – 21 leaves works as a remedy for dry belly-ache. Seeds are used criminally as a poison, but also as a purgative; seed oil used as lamp oil, useful in treating leprosy. Note ― If a subdivision of this somewhat variable species is desirable, then the specimens in Malesia are generally regarded as belonging to var. elegans.	en	van Welzen, P. C., Sweet, F. S. T., Fernández-Casas, F. J. (2017): A revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 62 (1): 58-74, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695421, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695421
03A65761F2078B4C6137F8936D20B448.taxon	description	g Jatropha acuminata Desr. (1797) 8; Vent. (1803) t. 52. ― Type: Herb. de Jussieu s. n. (holo P-JU; IDC microfiche 6206, box 31, fiche 1194, no. 20), Saint Domingue (Santo Domingo).	en	van Welzen, P. C., Sweet, F. S. T., Fernández-Casas, F. J. (2017): A revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 62 (1): 58-74, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695421, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695421
03A65761F2078B4C6137F8936D20B448.taxon	distribution	Distribution ― Caribbean Islands (Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti), introduced in Malesia (Java, Philippines, Celebes). Habitat & Ecology ― Secondary forest, along trail in lowland mixed forest; soil: brownish clay, clay-loam. Altitude: sea-level to 4 m. Flowering: January, February, April, May, August, De- cember. Uses ― Ornamental because of relative large orange-red flowers in red inflorescences. Note ― This species is very variable in the shape of the leaf blade. The form most encountered is obovate to somewhat panduriform, but in the Philippines the blades are ovate.	en	van Welzen, P. C., Sweet, F. S. T., Fernández-Casas, F. J. (2017): A revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 62 (1): 58-74, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695421, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695421
03A65761F2098B4E6137FBDF6BA3B28D.taxon	description	Shrubs, at least up to 2.5 m tall, branches somewhat succulent; flowering branches 5 – 9 mm diam. Outer bark greyish with green-brown lenticels. Indumentum absent. Stipules dissected in many flagelliform parts of 15 – 20 by 0.1 – 0.2 mm. Leaves palmatisect; petiole 4 – 27 cm long, 1 – 5 mm diam, round but flattened to somewhat grooved above, basally thickened; blade almost circular in circumference, 14 – 34 by 12 – 30 cm, base cordate; lobes (6 –) 9 – 11 (– 13), elliptic, 4.5 – 17 by 0.7 – 8 cm, margin entire but with 1 or more small, triangular, alternate side-lobes, slightly constricted above side-lobes, apex gradually acute; palmately nerved, with along midrib up to 21 pairs of nerves. Inflorescences subterminal, cymose, corymbiform, erect, up to 30 cm long; peduncle up to 26 cm long, 2 – 3 mm wide; rachis 4 – 21 mm long; central flower pistillate, others staminate; bracts narrowly triangular, 2 – 4 by 0.5 – 1 mm, often folded lengthwise, margin usually with a few side-lobe-like initiations, apex acuminate, upwards becoming smaller. Flowers c. 6 mm diam, all parts red or orange; pedicels 3 – 7 mm long; calyx c. 3 mm wide and long, margin entire; petals obovate, contort, apex emarginate to obtuse. Staminate flowers: calyx lobes c. 1 by 1 – 1.2 mm, apex emarginate to rounded; petals 4 – 5.8 by 2.5 – 3 mm; disc glands ± square, c. 0.4 by 0.4 mm; stamens 8, 5 in outer and 3 in inner whorl, free, filaments 2.5 – 3 mm long, anthers with parallel thecae, 2 – 2.5 by 0.4 – 0.7 mm, basifixed, opening extrorse. Pistillate flowers: calyx lobes triangular, c. 2 by 1 mm, apex acute; petals c. 4 by 2.5 mm; disc glands present; ovary ovoid, style short to absent, stigmas short and thick. Fruits irregularly shaped, shape dependent on number of developed seeds, c. 3 by 2 cm, containing 1 – 3 seeds, dehiscence septicidal, yellow; wall c. 0.5 mm thick; columella not seen. Seeds sub-ellipsoid, 17.5 – 20 by 15 – 17 by 12 – 13.5 mm. Distribution ― S North America, central and N South America, introduced in Malesia (Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Philippines). Habitat & Ecology ― Hill slopes, cultivated within human settlements. Altitude: up to 700 m. Flowering: March, April, May; fruiting: April. Vernacular names ― Malay Peninsula: Hubiq (Semelai). Philippines (Merrill 1923): Apio (Visaya); Tubang-amerikáno (Bíkol); Maná (Spanish). Dutch: Koraalboom (coral tree). Uses (after Burkill 1935, Heyne 1950) ― Ornamental plant of which the young leaves and tubers can be eaten after roasting; older leaves can act as purgative. Seeds are medicinally used as purgative and criminal poisoning due to cathartic properties; oil used as lamp oil.	en	van Welzen, P. C., Sweet, F. S. T., Fernández-Casas, F. J. (2017): A revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 62 (1): 58-74, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695421, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695421
03A65761F20B8B4B6137FD136C5EB425.taxon	distribution	Distribution ― Central America and Caribbean Islands. Introduced in Malesia as ornamental, occurring in the Philippines, naturalized in the Caroline Islands (Koror Island). Habitat & Ecology ― On the Caroline Islands common in thickets around houses, in the Philippines and Thailand only planted; granite bedrock. Altitude: sea-level up to 350 m. Flowering: February – April, July, August, October; fruiting: February, March, July, August, October. Uses ― Garden ornamental, potential to escape cultivation, not considered a dangerous invasive in the Caroline Islands. Young leaves and tubers can be eaten, but not raw. Acknowledgments The directors and keepers of the various herbaria mentioned under the types are thanked for information and / or pictures of the type specimens. The reviewers and editor are thanked for their very helpful suggestions. Anita Walsmit Sachs, José María Pizarro Domínguez and Juan Luis Castillo Gorroño made the beautiful drawings. Jan-Frits Veldkamp gave advice on nomenclature.	en	van Welzen, P. C., Sweet, F. S. T., Fernández-Casas, F. J. (2017): A revision of Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea 62 (1): 58-74, DOI: 10.3767/000651917X695421, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651917x695421
