taxonID	type	description	language	source
03A78797933F1617948EFDA1C655820F.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 2)	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933F1617948EFDA1C655820F.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Linhares, Reserva Natural da Vale do Rio Doce, estrada Ceolin, ca. km 0.3, 19 º 09 ’ 45 ” S, 40 º 04 ’ 24 ” W, 2 December 2003 (fl., fr.), J. M. A. Braga 7296 et al. (holotype RB 392680!; isotype CVRD 8501!).	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933F1617948EFDA1C655820F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Ctenanthe brevibractea is similar to C. lanceolata Petersen (1890: 163), but differs in lacking cataphylls, its overall shorter stature, its glabrous leaf sheath (vs. villose in C. lanceolata), inflorescence rachis with shorter internodes (1 – 2 mm long vs. 4 – 10 mm long in C. lanceolata), its component bracts obovate-acuminate, deciduous (vs. component bracts lanceolate and persistent in C. lanceolata), holding 1 – 2 cymules (vs. 4 – 6 cymules in C. lanceolata), with 1 bracteole per cymule (vs. 2 bracteoles per cymule in C. lanceolata), and its flowers with solitary, spathulate outer staminodes (vs. 2 outer obovate staminodes in C. lanceolata).	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933F1617948EFDA1C655820F.taxon	description	Herb ca. 80 cm tall, erect. Roots unspecialized, rarely villose. Rhizome ca. 5 cm long, not thickened; cataphyll ca. 2 × 1 cm, lanceolate. Leaf simple, antitrope; sheath 12 – 18 × 4 – 6 cm, glabrous, margin cilliate; petiole 48 – 56 cm long, green, glabrous; pulvine 0.9 – 1.5 cm long, adaxially puberulous; blade 15 – 26 × 4.9 – 8.5 cm, lanceolate, base attenuate, apex acuminate, glabrous, adaxially green, abaxially purple. Synflorescence terminal, organized in 3 orders; first order in a 3 - nodated floral shoot, with 1 – 2 inflorescences per node, ending up in a fully expanded leaf. Inflorescence made of 10 – 14 components, simple, compressed; peduncle 29 – 34 cm long, green, puberulous; main bract 2.3 – 9 × 0.5 – 0.8 cm, lanceolate, glabrous; rachis 8 – 12 cm long, glabrous; prophyll 1 – 1.5 × 0.5 – 1 cm, lanceolate, glabrous, hyaline, keel ciliate, reddish. Cymule 1 – 2, 2 - flowered, subbrachiblastic; component bract 10 – 12 × 10 – 13 mm, obovate, base straight, apex obtuse, glabrous, leathery, hyaline to silvery green, deciduous; prophyll 8 – 13 × 4 – 6 mm, apex acute, base straight, 2 - keeled, fibrous, hyaline to stramineous, glabrous; bracteole 0.5 – 0.4 × 0.2 – 0.3, 1 per cymule, lanceolate, hyaline, glabrous. Flower 9.5 – 10 mm long; sepals 4 – 4.5 × 1.5 – 2 mm, lanceolate, apex acute, hyaline with reddish stains on the apex, glabrous; corolla tube 3 – 4 mm long, corolla lobe 6 – 8 × 3 – 4 mm, lanceolate, apex acute, glabrous, white; outer staminode 1, 5 – 7 × 2 – 3 mm, spathulate, white; cucullate staminode 6 – 8 mm long, glabrous, white; callose staminode 6 – 8 × 2 – 3 mm, apex rounded, glabrous, white; stamen 3.5 – 4 mm long, anther ca. 1.5 mm long, filament ca. 2 mm long, staminal appendage ca. 2 mm long, rudimental, taller than the anther; ovary 1.5 – 2 mm long, smooth, glabrous; style 5 – 7 mm long. Capsule 7 – 8 mm, ellipsoid, pale green, pale yellow when dried, smooth, lustrous, glabrous; seed 4 – 5 × 5 – 6 mm reddish, aril white.	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933F1617948EFDA1C655820F.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens (paratype): — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Linhares, Reserva Natural da Vale, Capoeirão, Estrada Aceiro Bobbio, ca. km 0.4, 8 November 2005 (fl.) ,, D. A. Folli 5117 (RB 854490!, SAMES 03206!).	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933F1617948EFDA1C655820F.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ brevibractea ” means “ of short bracts ” and refers to the inflorescences of small stature, which have short peduncles.	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933F1617948EFDA1C655820F.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Ctenanthe brevibractea differs from its relatives in its overall short stature and smaller synflorescence peduncles, for lacking cataphylls and presenting synflorescences not subtended by frondose bracts. It is closely related to C. lanceolata because they share leathery component bracts and glabrous, discolour leaf blades. Their differences are indicated in the diagnosis part.	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933F1617948EFDA1C655820F.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology: — The species sets flowers in November and December. Fruits were recorded in December.	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933F1617948EFDA1C655820F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Ctenanthe brevibractea is known for one single location within the private protected area Reserva Natural Vale (Fig. 3), which is entirely covered by Tableland Forest, a threatened formation of Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The species inhabits a plane terrain, in a shaded spot, near a watercourse.	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933A1612948EFBB6C70F8D4C.taxon	description	(Figs 4 – 5)	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933A1612948EFBB6C70F8D4C.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Linhares, Reserva Natural da Vale do Rio Doce, Jureirana, Aceiro Caliman, ca. km 0.3, 19 º 06 ’ 48.4 ” S, 40 º 00 ’ 09.9 ” W, 3 December 2003 (fl.), J. M. A. Braga 7309 et al. (holotype RB 392693!; isotype CVRD 8514!).	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933A1612948EFBB6C70F8D4C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Saranthe rufopilosa is most similar to S. leptostachya (Regel & Körnicke in Regel 1857: 32) Eichler (1884: 86), but differs in its 2 - nodated synflorescences (vs. 1 - nodated in S. leptostachya), 8 – 14 overlapped inflorescence component (vs. 18 – 22 not overlapping inflorescence component), entirely sericeous component bract with an acute apex (vs. component bract sericeous only at the base and elsewhere glabrous with an emarginate apex,), flowers with oblong and sparsely sericeous sepal (vs. flowers with narrowly lanceolate and glabrous sepal) and indument of long stiff reddish trichomes disposed on inflorescence peduncles, rachis, internodes, cymule peduncles, pedicels, sepals and ovary (vs. indument of short coarse stramineous to brown trichomes, disposed on petiole, synflorescence peduncle, pedicels and ovary in S. leptostachya).	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933A1612948EFBB6C70F8D4C.taxon	description	Herb ca. 80 cm tall, erect. Rhizome ca. 5 cm long, not thickened; cataphyll 3 – 14 (<28.5) × 0.8 – 2 cm, lanceolate, apex acute, sparsely sericeous to sericeous, brown, papyraceous. Aerial stem unbranched. Leaf sheath 12.5 – 28.5 × 1.5 – 1.7 cm, narrow, not auriculated, margins entire, glabrous, green; petiole (8>) 12.5 – 42 cm long, green, sparsely sericeous to sericeous; pulvine 1.5 – 2.5 cm long, tortuous, dark-brown; blade 22 – 36 × 7.2 – 12.8 cm, elliptic, base attenuate or obtuse, apex acuminate, mucronulate, margins entire, glabrous, midrib glabrous, adaxial surface green, abaxial surface concolour, papyraceous. Synflorescence arising from basal leaves, 2 - nodated; peduncle 5.5 – 10 cm long, stramineous, sparsely sericeous to sericeous; main bract deciduous; node bract 2 – 7 × 0.5 – 1.5 cm, lanceolate, apex acute or apiculate, sparsely sericeous, stramineous, fibrous. Inflorescence 2 – 4 per node, unbranched; prophyll 1 – 3 × 0.2 – 0.5 cm, lanceolate, glabrous, hyaline, membranous; peduncle 2 – 6.5 cm long, sparsely sericeous; rachis with internodes ca. 0.3 cm long, compressed; inflorescence component 8 – 14, overlapped, persistent. Cymule 1 – 2 per component; peduncle subbrachiblastic, densely sericeous; component bract 10 – 12 × 5 – 6 mm, lanceolate, apex acute, entirely sericeous, deciduous; prophyll ca. 10 × 2 mm, lanceolate, apex acute, glabrous. Flower 8.5 − 9 mm long, white, inner staminodes yellowish; pedicel ca. 1 mm long, brown, densely sericeous; sepal ca. 6 × 1.5 − 2 mm, oblong, apex acute, margins involute, sparsely sericeous; corolla tube ca. 2 mm long; corolla lobe 4.5 − 5 × 1.5 − 2 mm, oblong, apex acuminate; outer staminodes 2, subequal, 4 − 4.5 × ca. 2 mm, spatulate, apex rolled up; callose staminode ca. 6.5 × 2.5 mm; cucullate staminode ca. 3 × 1 mm, appendage prominent, deflected; stamen ca. 2.5 mm long, anther ca. 1 mm long, appendage ca. 2 mm long, taller than the anther, linear; style 4.5 – 5 mm long, recurved, stigma apically positioned; ovary 1.5 − 2 × ca. 1 mm, densely sericeous.	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933A1612948EFBB6C70F8D4C.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens (paratypes): — BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Linhares, Reserva Natural Vale, Estrada da Gávea, km ca. 7.9, localização RFL- 01 / 80 - D- 3, 29 December 1999 (fl.), D. A. Folli 3544 (RB 854509!, SAMES 03272!); Estrada do Flamengo, km 8, 29 November 2001 (fl.), D. A. Folli 4132 (RB 854507!, SAMES 03273!).	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933A1612948EFBB6C70F8D4C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ rufopilosa ” means “ of reddish trichomes ” in Latin. It refers to the reddish, densely sericeous indument, which covers the ovary, pedicels, inflorescences rachis and peduncles.	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933A1612948EFBB6C70F8D4C.taxon	vernacular_names	Vernacular names: — caeté-vermelho, cotovelo-preto.	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933A1612948EFBB6C70F8D4C.taxon	discussion	Notes: — Saranthe rufopilosa is circumscribed as a rosulate herb with a 2 - nodated synflorescence, each node with 2 – 4 inflorescences, deciduous component bracts, persistent cymules, and sericeous indument made of reddish, long and stiff trichomes, covering inflorescence peduncles and rachis, cymule peduncles, sepals and ovary. The species is closely related to S. leptostachya, because both species have elliptic leaf blades with an attenuate base and acute apex, deciduous component bracts and flowers with densely sericeous ovary and spathulate outer staminodes. Their differences are indicated in the diagnosis part.	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933A1612948EFBB6C70F8D4C.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology: — It flowers in November and December.	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
03A78797933A1612948EFBB6C70F8D4C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Saranthe rufopilosa is only known from Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil. The species occurs within the private protected area Reserva Natural Vale (Fig. 3), a lowland area of Tableland Forest. The habitat is plane and with an open understory, where the species can be seen in open and shaded spots.	en	Fraga, Fernanda Ribeiro De Mello, Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga (2025): Two new species of Marantaceae from Reserva Natural Vale, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. Phytotaxa 682 (1): 112-120, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.682.1.8
