identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A087DE2177FFFC9E9445DFF939C16A.text	03A087DE2177FFFC9E9445DFF939C16A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyxenus Latzezl 1884	<div><p>Genus Polyxenus Latzel, 1884</p><p>General features: Polyxenus can be distinguished from Propolyxenus by the number of transverse rows of setae on the tergites, two rows for Polyxenus and three rows for Propolyxenus, respectively (Short &amp; Huynh, 2011). Te bristly millipede here in amber SMF Be 1855 only possesses two rows of setae, indicating that it is a representative of Polyxenus Latzel, 1884 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A087DE2177FFFC9E9445DFF939C16A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cadre, Jéhan Le;Hammel, Jörg U.;Melzer, Roland R.;Short, Megan;Arce, Sofia I.	Cadre, Jéhan Le, Hammel, Jörg U., Melzer, Roland R., Short, Megan, Arce, Sofia I. (2025): When opposites attract: a syninclusion of extinct mites and a bradytelic bristly millipede in Baltic amber. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (45) 144 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.1186/s13358-025-00369-2, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-025-00369-2
03A087DE2177FFFC9E9446BFFF1DC6CA.text	03A087DE2177FFFC9E9446BFFF1DC6CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyxeninae Lucas 1840	<div><p>Subfamily Polyxeninae Lucas, 1840</p><p>Remarks:</p><p>Te specimen is a typical representative of Polyxeninae, in that the terminal end of the specimen has ornamental fan-like sets of dorsal setae. Additionally, the shape of the hooked setae is characteristic of Polyxeninae (combshaped), and the caudal bundles are relatively widely medially separated into two sets (Fig. 1B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A087DE2177FFFC9E9446BFFF1DC6CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cadre, Jéhan Le;Hammel, Jörg U.;Melzer, Roland R.;Short, Megan;Arce, Sofia I.	Cadre, Jéhan Le, Hammel, Jörg U., Melzer, Roland R., Short, Megan, Arce, Sofia I. (2025): When opposites attract: a syninclusion of extinct mites and a bradytelic bristly millipede in Baltic amber. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (45) 144 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.1186/s13358-025-00369-2, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-025-00369-2
03A087DE2177FFFA9D2E42BFF81EC662.text	03A087DE2177FFFA9D2E42BFF81EC662.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyxenus lagurus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Polyxenus aff. lagurus Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>(Figures. 1A–C, 2).</p><p>Material examined: Adult female (SMF Be 1855a), in Baltic amber. Te amber is stored in the SMF amber collection.</p><p>Description:</p><p>General features: Five ommatidia on each side of the head, close to the ommatidia are three trichobothria, arranged in a triangle. Te closest trichobothrium to the posterior vertex is immediately adjacent to the last seta and smaller than the other two. Posterior vertex with two groups of setae, each group with 18 setae in two rows; the six most distal ones of the anterior row closely arranged. Lateral protuberances each with three setae. Approximately 25± 2 ornamental setae arranged into a fan at the terminal end. Tergites with two rows of setae posteriorly connecting with rosettes of setae laterally, however that is not the case for the terminal tergite, bearing the caudal bundles.</p><p>Measurements: Body length of ~ 2.6 mm without the caudal bundles, with caudal bundles ~ 3.5 mm. Head measuring 310 µm, collum measuring 140 µm. Tergite width measurements from the most anterior to posterior, 300 µm, 250 µm, 260 µm, 300 µm, 300 µm, 340 µm, 325 µm, 310 µm and 155 µm. Te length of the legs are as follows: 475 µm, 545 µm, 585 µm, 575 µm, 580 µm, 580 µm, 585 µm, 620 µm, 585 µm, 610 µm, 615 µm, 650 µm and 600 µm.</p><p>Head (Fig. 2A, E, F): Five ommatidia are located on each side of the head, with three positioned laterally. On the head are inserted two well separated tufts of 18 setae each on the posterior vertex, each group are made of an anterior row of 12 setae and posterior row of six setae. The six anterior distal setae are inserted closely to one another. A single pair of setae are present medially, posterior to the posterior vertex. Three trichobothria are located on each side of the head (not visible on the right side, as the specimen is badly preserved), and are arranged into a triangle with the small trichobothrium closely inserted to the most distal setae of the posterior vertex. The two remaining trichobothria are inserted on large cylindrical funiculi, slightly elevated from other setae insertions (Fig. 2A). The lack of details due to the preservation of both the labrum and clypeo-labrum limit the visibility of setae and papillae. Gnathochilarium with lateral palps 160 µm long, with at least 13 sensilla. The proportions of the antennae are as follows, from proximal to distal elements: 92 µm, 45 µm, 35 µm, 60 µm, 56 µm, 78 µm, 52 µm and 16 µm (Fig. 1G). The preservation does not allow for the observation of the fine antennal sensilla. A possible single sensillum is visible on the last antennal element, but not depicted here due to uncertainty.</p><p>Trunk (Figs. 1A, B; 2A, B): Te collum has two rows of inserted setae (anterior/posterior), and an additional two rows of setae are inserted laterally (i.e., rosette, Fig. 1A); in total 49 setae are inserted on the collum. Te lateral protuberances on either side of the collum with three setae each. Te insertions of the setae and spine on the legs are as shown in Fig. 1H. Due to the poor preservation and slight decay of the cuticle, round protrusions are found along the legs of this specimen (see Suppl. Figure 1).</p><p>Terminal end (Figs. 1A, B; 2C, D): A relatively small number of ornamental setae are forming the fan; between 25–27 setae (Fig. 2F) are present dorso-medial to the widely separated caudal bundles.</p><p>Remarks:</p><p>Several extinct species of Polyxenus have been already diagnosed by Koch and Berendt (1854) from fossil material, namely P. ovalis, P. conformis, P. caudatus, P. colurus Menge, 1854 and P. lophurus Menge, 1854 . From these, Polyxenus aff. lagurus when compared to the diagnosis of P. conformis is similar in body length, but the proper measure is questionable as Koch and Berendt (1854) used the “Line”. Te “Line” is an old unit of measurement based on a certain proportion of an inch; however, it varies considerably between countries. If we refer to the Anglo-Saxon value P. conformis measures ~ 3.1 mm in length. Te length including the caudal bundles is not available, as in the original diagnosis their specimen was lacking complete bundles (cf. p. 11 Koch &amp; Berendt, 1854). Proper comparison is also very limited with these historical species as the descriptions lack important characteristics such as the number of ommatidia, the setae arrangement, shape of the terminal hooked setae, just to cite a few important diagnostic features (see “Discussion”).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A087DE2177FFFA9D2E42BFF81EC662	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cadre, Jéhan Le;Hammel, Jörg U.;Melzer, Roland R.;Short, Megan;Arce, Sofia I.	Cadre, Jéhan Le, Hammel, Jörg U., Melzer, Roland R., Short, Megan, Arce, Sofia I. (2025): When opposites attract: a syninclusion of extinct mites and a bradytelic bristly millipede in Baltic amber. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (45) 144 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.1186/s13358-025-00369-2, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-025-00369-2
03A087DE2171FFF89D2E45A6FD89C77F.text	03A087DE2171FFF89D2E45A6FD89C77F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyxenus lagurus Linnaeus 1758	<div><p>Polyxenus lagurus Linnaeus, 1758</p><p>Material examined: One female adult and two female subadults, collected in Munich (48° 09 ′ 50.7 ″ N; 11° 29 ′ 03.4 ″ E).</p><p>General features: Five ommatidia are located on the head, including one positioned laterally (Fig. 3B /C). Two groups of setae are visible on the posterior vertex, each with 25 ± 2 setae (female adult), arranged in two rows with the six most distal setae of the anterior rows closely arranged into a fan-like structure (Fig. 3C). A single pair of setae are medially posterior to the posterior vertex. Tree trichobothria are arranged into a triangle</p><p>(Fig. 3B /C), the closest trichobothria to the posterior vertex is immediately adjacent to the last seta and is smaller than the other two trichobothria. On the 6th antennal article, six sensilla are located; on the 7th antenna article only five sensilla are visible. Tirty-two ± 4 setae are inserted on each side of the collum (female ad.; total 67), and four setae are inserted on the lateral protuberances</p><p>(Fig. 3B). Tergites have two transverse rows of setae, with rosettes of setae laterally. Approximately 22 ± 2 ornamental setae are arranged into a fan dorsal to the caudal bundles.</p><p>Description of the mites</p><p>Two mites preserved in close proximity to the bristly millipede. One of the mites, SMF Be 1855b, is located close to the ventroposterior region of the millipede (Fig. 1D), with an apparent terminal hysterosomal pad-like organ. Te second mite, SMF Be 1855c, is entangled in the ornamental setae ventrally (Fig. 1E). Both mites have a conspicuous narrowing in front of legs 1, a protruding gnathosoma, body diamond-shaped and four pairs of legs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A087DE2171FFF89D2E45A6FD89C77F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cadre, Jéhan Le;Hammel, Jörg U.;Melzer, Roland R.;Short, Megan;Arce, Sofia I.	Cadre, Jéhan Le, Hammel, Jörg U., Melzer, Roland R., Short, Megan, Arce, Sofia I. (2025): When opposites attract: a syninclusion of extinct mites and a bradytelic bristly millipede in Baltic amber. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology (45) 144 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.1186/s13358-025-00369-2, URL: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-025-00369-2
