identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B5FA26FF954759C6B82874FB818FBE.text	03B5FA26FF954759C6B82874FB818FBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phylloicus paprockii Prather 2003	<div><p>Phylloicus paprockii Prather 2003</p><p>(Figs 4–23)</p><p>Material examined. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Aldeia da Cachoeira das Pedras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.02311&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.114473" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.02311/lat -20.114473)">Senzala Stream</a> (20°06'52.1"S, 44°01'23.2"W; 925 m a.s.l.), vii–x.2018, collected by F.H.D. Liberato, H. Paprocki, L. Moreira-Silva &amp; V. H.M. Machado. Eleven specimens of P. paprockii were examined, including eight final-instar larvae and three adults. Eight adults were obtained by rearing larvae in the laboratory, and three P. paprockii adults were collected directly in the field; the adults emerged on 23.vii.2018 (♂), 8.viii.2018 (♂), and 13.viii.2018 (♀). All specimens are deposited in MCN-PUC Minas .</p><p>Distribution. Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro).</p><p>Description</p><p>Larva. Body length mean = 15.42 mm (range 11.1–15.7 mm; n = 8). Head and thorax dark brown, abdomen pale yellow.</p><p>Head capsule. About 1.5× longer than wide, oval, lateral contours of head capsule convex in basal half, straight sided, slightly in convergent in genal regions in dorsal and ventral views (Figs 4, 6). Head darker than pronotum and with evident yellowish ovoid muscle scars mostly in posterior half (Figs 4, 5). Frontoclypeal apotome trapezoidal, wider anteriorly, weak constriction at setae 5, four small anterior spots arranged in a straight line and three major spots: two anterolateral major spots at tentorial pits, third major spot in center of posterior region (Fig. 4). Labrum with transverse row of 14 setae (Fig. 4). Triangular ventral apodeme without ornamental structures, not reaching occipital foramen (Figs 6, 7). Genae and sometimes ventral apotome ornamented ventrally with pair of patches of tiny microspicules (Figs 7, 8). Head chaetotaxy dorsally as in (Fig. 4).</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum sclerotized, light brown, posterior margin dark; anterolateral processes reaching midlength of head laterally with constricting pair of anteroventral sclerotized hooks (Figs 9, 10), each process bearing two long subapical setae. Anterior margin of pronotum lightly sclerotized, bearing two pairs of long setae and two small yellowish setae, six pairs of setae near lateral edges (setae 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; Fig. 11). Mesonotum with pair of irregular subdorsomesal sclerites with anterolateral and anteromedial margins more strongly sclerotized and depressed (Fig. 11). On each sclerite Sa1 with one long seta, Sa2 with one long and two short setae (setae 3, 2, 4), Sa3 on prominent anterolateral sclerite with five long and two short setae (Fig. 11). Metanotum membranous with paired setal areas: Sa1 membranous with one long seta, Sa2 membranous with one long seta and two short setae, Sa3 slightly sclerotized and with four short and three long setae (Fig. 11). Legs pale yellowish and banded with white and black stripes; coxae, trochanters, and femora of forelegs slightly more robust than other legs, tibiae of midlegs and hind legs with conspicuous distal spine (Figs 12–14). Foretrochantins tapered anteriorly and sinuous, not reaching anterior part of head, conspicuously ornamented by conical spicules with acute apices (Figs 12, 15, 16).</p><p>Abdomen. Membranous, yellowish, lighter than head and thorax. Gills with two-four filaments (Figs 17, 19). Segment I with membranous dorsal and lateral humps well developed, round; ventral hump bearing pair of sclerites on posterior part of hump. Segments III–VII setose along lateral line, from anterior edge of segment III through posterior part of segment VIII (Fig. 17). Tergites VIII and IX each with two pairs of long, and two pairs of short dark setae in dorsal view (Fig. 21). Anal prolegs (Figs 22, 23) each with terminal claw, strongly sclerotized, with short accessory hook on medial margin, with four long and two short, stout setae dorsally (Fig. 21).</p><p>Case. Length 31.82 mm (range 29.19–37.83 mm, n = 8). Dorsoventrally flattened (depressed), slightly wider anteriorly than posteriorly. Dorsal and ventral surfaces each formed by single ovate leaf fragment, together covering longitudinal central chamber, fastened together with silk; dorsal fragment larger than ventral fragment, with anterior margin convex and posterior margin with deep notch; ventral fragment with anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin tapered and round (Fig. 20).</p><p>Differential diagnosis. The larvae of Phylloicus paprockii are distinguishable from its congeners by the combination of the following characters: (i) distribution of muscle scars on the head capsule (Figs 4, 5); (ii) pronotal anterolateral processes longer and featuring a distinct pair of constricted anteroventral, upturned sclerotized hooks (Figs 9, 10) bearing two long subapical setae; (iii) with white and black striped legs (Figs 12–14); (iv) with the first gill pair absent (Figs 17, 19); (v) with the case constructed of two large leaf fragments instead of several small ones (Fig. 20). The larva of P. paprockii has a muscle-scar pattern similar to that in P. amazonas Prather 2003 but can be distinguished from that species and those of the other species by the presence of three ovoid muscle scars on the posteromesal region of the frontoclypeal apotome and two conspicuous muscle scars in the lateral midline of the head behind the eyes in P. paprockii . Phylloicus passulatus Prather 2003 has a similar pattern with three distinguishable posteromesal muscle scars on the frontoclypeus but the lateral medial muscle scars are smaller and not as conspicuous as they are in P. paprockii . Phylloicus cressae Prather 2003 has just one frontoclypeal muscle scar; P. abdominalis (Ulmer 1905), P. aeneus (Hagen 1861), P. fenestratus Flint 1974, and P. obliquus Navás 1931 have numerous muscle scars distributed all over the head. The pronotal anterolateral processes of P. paprockii are curved similar to those of the other Neotropical larvae of the genus, differing only from those in P. amazonas, in which anterolateral processes do not curve dorsad apically, but taper gradually to acute apices directed anterad (De Souza-Holanda et al. 2020). The base of each of the pronotal anterolateral processes is narrow in P. paprockii, P. aeneus, P. angustior, P. amazonas, P. passulatus, but wide in P. cressae, P. fenestratus, P. bromeliarium Müller 1880, P. abdominalis, and P. obliquus . The larvae of P. paprockii and P. amazonas can be distinguished from the others by a distinctive, striped color pattern on the legs. Despite the similarity, P. paprockii has one dark band around the mid-length of the mid- and hind femora, two dark bands of the mid- and hind tibiae (around the base and at midlength), and one dark basal band on the mid- and hind tarsi; the larva of P. amazonas has only one dark band around mid-length of mid- and hind femur, tibia, and tarsus. Like P. lituratus Banks 1920, P. paprockii does not have gills on abdominal segment I, which is different from the other known larvae of Phylloicus . The larval case of P. paprockii resembles those of P. amazonas and P. lituratus with dorsal and ventral surfaces formed by just two ovate leaf fragments, covering a longitudinal central chamber, fastened together with silk.</p><p>The two-leaf cases of Phylloicus species are similar to those of the widely distributed Calamoceratidae genus Anisocentropus (worldwide except Europe and South America). Since species of Phylloicus occur only as far north as the southwestern USA and the single North American species of Anisocentropus occurs only in the eastern USA (Rasmussen &amp; Morse 2025), confusion of the two genera in the field is unlikely.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5FA26FF954759C6B82874FB818FBE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Datto-Liberato, Felipe Henrique;Moreira-Silva, Larissa;Paprocki, Henrique	Datto-Liberato, Felipe Henrique, Moreira-Silva, Larissa, Paprocki, Henrique (2025): Description of the final instar larva of Phylloicus paprockii and morphological notes of Phylloicus angustior (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) in the Southeastern region of Brazil. Zootaxa 5653 (2): 196-210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.2
03B5FA26FF934756C6B82BC0FAD58F98.text	03B5FA26FF934756C6B82BC0FAD58F98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phylloicus angustior Ulmer 1905	<div><p>Phylloicus angustior Ulmer 1905</p><p>(Figs 24–43)</p><p>Phylloicus angustior Ulmer 1905 a: 78 [Type locality: Brazil, Rio Gr. do Sul [sic]; NMW; male]. Thienemann 1909: 129–132 [larva]. Flint 1966: 11 [lectotype male]. Botosaneanu &amp; Flint 1982: 24 [redescription of larva].</p><p>Material examined. BRAZIL: Minas Gerais: Aldeia da Cachoeira das Pedras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.02311&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.114473" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.02311/lat -20.114473)">Senzala Stream</a> (20°06'52.1"S, 44°01'23.2"W; 925 m a.s.l.), vii–x.2018, collected by F. H. D. Liberato, H. Paprocki, L. Moreira-Silva &amp; V. H. M. Machado. Twelve final-instar larvae and six adults of P. angustior were examined from this material. All six adults were reared from larvae in the laboratory, emerging on 5.vii.2018 (♂), 2.viii.2018 (♂, 2 ♀), 13.viii.2018 (♂), and 14.viii.2018 (♂). All specimens are deposited in MCN-PUC Minas .</p><p>Distribution. Argentina, Brazil (Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul), Colômbia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela.</p><p>Morphological Notes</p><p>Larva. Body length mean = 13.5 mm (range 10.6–16.5 mm; n = 12). Head and thorax dark brown, abdomen pale yellow.</p><p>Head. Elongate, oval in dorsal view. In ventral view, contour of head capsule basally convex to flattened genal regions. Head darker than pronotum and with evident yellowish muscle scars (Figs 24, 25). Frontoclypeal apotome triangular, wider anteriorly with weak constriction between eyes, four small pale anterior spots and one large, transversely oval spot posteriorly at 2/3 length. Labrum with transverse row of 16 setae (Fig. 24). Triangular ventral apotome reaching occipital foramen, anterior central region covered with microspicules (Figs 26–28). Genae ornamented with pair of patches of microspicules beside posterior portion of ventral apotome (Figs 27, 28). Head chaetotaxy as in (Fig. 24).</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum sclerotized, light brown, without evident muscle scars; anterolateral processes reaching midlength of head laterally, bearing three long setae and one short seta (Figs 29, 30). Posterior margin of pronotum darker, anterior margin with lightly sclerotized apodeme and bearing two pairs of long setae and two pairs of minor yellowish setae, five pairs of setae (setae 2, 5, 6, 7, 8) near anterolateral edges (Fig. 31). Mesonotum with pair of central irregular sclerites, each with anterolateral and anteromesal margins sclerotized and depressed. Paired setal areas present, Sa1 with one short seta, Sa2 with one long seta (seta 2), and one short seta (seta 3), Sa3 on prominent anterolateral sclerite, with five long setae and two short setae (collectively seta 10). Metanotum membranous with paired setal areas: Sa1 with one long seta, Sa2 with one long seta and one short seta, Sa3 slightly sclerotized with four short setae and one long seta (Fig. 31). Legs pale yellowish; coxae, trochanters, femora of forelegs shorter and slightly more robust than the other legs; midtibiae and hind tibiae each with conspicuous distal spine; Foretrochantins well developed, sinuous, each with long subapical seta, anteriorly tapered to acute upturned apex, reaching anterior part of head; ornamented by basally triangular and apically acute microspicules (Figs 35–36).</p><p>Abdomen. Membranous, yellowish, lighter than head and thorax. Gills each with three or four filaments, distributed as in (Figs 37, 39). Segment I with dorsal and ventral hump well developed, round, membranous; ventral hump bearing pair of sclerites on anterior part of hump (Fig. 37). Segments III–VIII setose along lateral line, from anterior edge of segment III through posterior part of segment VIII (Fig. 37). Tergites VIII and IX each with one pair of long, dark dorsal setae and three pairs of short setae (Fig. 41). Anal prolegs with terminal claw strongly sclerotized and with short accessory hook on medial margin (Figs 42, 43), with three long and two short, stout setae dorsally (Fig. 41).</p><p>Case. Length 43.05 mm (range 33.21–52.34 mm; n = 7). Dorsoventrally flattened (depressed), anterior portion slightly wider than posterior part. Dorsal and ventral surfaces formed by several irregular leaf fragments cut into different sizes, covering longitudinal central chamber, fastened together with silk; dorsal surface with anterior margin convex, larger than ventral surface; ventral surface with anterior margin straight (Fig. 40).</p><p>Remarks</p><p>Phylloicus is the only Calamoceratidae genus occurring in Brazil, with 29 species, with larvae having been described for 16 of these species (Holzenthal &amp; Calor 2017; Calor et al. 2024). Larval descriptions were previously published for the following Brazilian species: P. abdominalis (by Huamantinco et al. 2005), P. aeneus (by Wiggins 1996), P. angustior (by Thienemann 1909; Botosaneanu &amp; Flint 1982), P. amazonas (by De Souza-Holanda et al. 2020), P. bromeliarium (by Ulmer 1955), P. camargoi Quinteiro et al. 2011 (by Quinteiro et al. 2011), P. cressae (by Barrios et al. 2020), P. fenestratu s (by De Souza-Holanda et al. 2020), P. lituratus (by Rueda-Martín 2013), P. obliquus (by Cavalcante et al. 2020), P. passulatus (by De Souza-Holanda et al. 2020), P. elektoros Prather, 2003 (by Campos et al. 2021).</p><p>This study was carried out in a stream that originates inside Serra do Rola Moça State Park, in the municipality of Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. The park was created in 1994 and preserves an area of 4.006 ha situated in a transition zone between Brazilian savannah and Atlantic Forest (IBGE 1992). Thus, it is one of the main priority areas for conservation of biodiversity in Minas Gerais state, Brazil (Drummond et al. 2005). On January 25, 2019, the collapse of the Córrego do Feijão tailings dam in Brumadinho (Minas Gerais, Brazil) released approximately 12 million cubic meters of mining waste into the Paraopeba River, destroying native Atlantic Forest vegetation and resulting in the deaths of at least 250 people (Vergilio et al. 2020). The Senzala stream, a tributary of the Paraopeba River basin, was not directly affected by the dam collapse and has maintained a preserved aquatic biodiversity. This stream harbors a rich assemblage of aquatic insects that could serve as a source for the recolonization of the impacted Paraopeba River following its rehabilitation.</p><p>The description of the immature stages of Phylloicus paprockii and Phylloicus angustior expands our understanding of aquatic biodiversity in the Paraopeba River basin. Given that these species occur in this basin, they can act as bioindicators and contribute to the recolonization of impacted areas after the river’s rehabilitation. Therefore, preserving protected areas such as the Serra do Rola Moça State Park and its streams, including the Senzala Stream, is crucial. These ecosystems serve as biodiversity reservoirs (IEF 2025) and could play a fundamental role in the recovery of degraded habitats. These findings could provide valuable insights into environmental monitoring, decision-making processes, and conservation efforts aimed at preserving Atlantic Forest headwater streams.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B5FA26FF934756C6B82BC0FAD58F98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Datto-Liberato, Felipe Henrique;Moreira-Silva, Larissa;Paprocki, Henrique	Datto-Liberato, Felipe Henrique, Moreira-Silva, Larissa, Paprocki, Henrique (2025): Description of the final instar larva of Phylloicus paprockii and morphological notes of Phylloicus angustior (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae) in the Southeastern region of Brazil. Zootaxa 5653 (2): 196-210, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.2, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.2
