taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B34269FFFEFF9CFF212504FAE8FD7A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body oval, broader anteriorly, tapering posteriorly. Head with short, enrolled oral tentacles. Rhinophores bifurcated, papillate or smooth. Eyespots at base of rhinophores. Pericardium large, papillate or smooth. Anal papilla on right lateral side of body, at same level as heart, below ceratal bases. Numerous pedunculated, leaf-like cerata surround lateral sides of body, each penetrated with branches of digestive gland. Dorso-lateral cerata larger, smaller cerata on lateral sides. Cerata evenly papillated along dorsal surface vessels; two or three large papillae on dorso-medial surface of cerata, all other papillae of similar size; ventral surface of cerata often papillated. Small lateral cerata either lack digestive gland branches or have dense network of digestive gland extensions. Ceratal penduncles with small distal depressions. Body colour variable from translucent pale olive-green to brown or salmon pink. Cerata colour from translucent olive-green, light to medium brown, red or purple. Radula with single row of teeth forming an ascending and a descending limb; descending limb protruding off right side of pharynx. Ascus with teeth organized into single row. Teeth short and stout, each with hollow depression on dorsal side, half the length of a single tooth; depression interlocks with neighbouring teeth. Teeth cusp thick, resembling a rounded ‘ dull blade. ’ Penis long, typically smooth, occasionally with numerous warty papillae, in one species armed with a minute stylet. Remarks Pease (1890) introduced the genus name Polybranchia Pease, 1890 for the new species Polybranchia pellucida Pease, 1860, collected in the Hawaiian Islands. The diagnosis of the genus is short, but provided several important details that allow its identification: body with several rows of ‘ deciduous’ (= autotomizable) ‘ lobes’ (= cerata), with the branchiae (= digestive gland branches) embedded in the cerata; ‘ cephalic tentacles’ (= rhinophores) bifurcate. Four years later, and apparently unaware of Pease’s (1860) paper, Alder & Hancock (1864) introduced the new genus name Phyllobranchus Alder & Hancock, 1864 for the species Proctonotus orientalis Kelaart, 1858, originally described from India (Kelaart, 1858). The diagnostic characteristics of Phyllobranchus include bifurcate ‘ tentacles’ (= rhinophores) and ‘ branchial leaves’ (= cerata) with distinct footstalks arranged in several rows; ‘ tongue’ (= radular teeth) similar to that of Hermaea Lovén, 1844 (Alder & Hancock, 1864). All these characteristics, in addition to the features of the type species (see remarks on Polybranchia orientalis below) confirm that the name Phyllobranchus corresponds to the modern usage of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 and, therefore, is a junior synonym. Two years later, Pease (1866) also unaware of Alder & Hancock’s (1864) work, recognized he was mistaken about the identity of the ‘ radiating lines’ enclosed in the ‘ lobes’ he called ‘ branchiae’ in his original description of Polybranchia, and consequently considered that the name Polybranchia (= multiple branchiae) was not descriptive of the characteristics of this group. Therefore Pease (1866) introduced the new name Lobifera Pease, 1866 to replace Polybranchia and included two additional new species, Lobifera nigricans Pease, 1866 and Lobifera papillosa Pease, 1866 (the former is currently considered a member of Cyerce Bergh, 1870). This act constitutes an unnecessary replacement of an available name (ICZN, 1999: Article 10.6), thus Lobifera maintains the same type species as Polybranchia (ICZN, 1999: Article 67.8) and becomes an objective junior synonym. Subsequently, Pease (1871) became aware of the description of Phyllobranchus by Alder & Hancock (1864) and concluded it has the same characteristics as Polybranchia and Lobifera. Pease (1871) also indicated that Alder & Hancock (1864) considered the ‘ radiating lines enclosed’ in the ‘ lobes’ (= cerata) to be true branchiae and consequently reverted to use the name Polybranchia instead of Lobifera. Trinchese (1896) noted that Phyllobranchus Alder & Hancock, 1864 is preoccupied by Phyllobranchus Girard, 1851 (Annelida) but continued using the former name as valid. O’Donoghue (1929) misspelled Polybranchia as Polybranchus (unjustified emendation) and considered that this name has priority over Phyllobranchus Alder & Hancock, 1864. However, Thiele (1931) indicated that Polybranchia Pease, 1860 was preoccupied by Polybranchia Latreille, 1825 (Insecta) and considered Polybranchia (as Lobifera Pease, 1866) a subgenus of Caliphylla A. Costa, 1867. Pruvot-Fol (1933) argued that because both Polybranchia Pease, 1860 and Phyllobranchus Alder & Hancock, 1864 are preoccupied, and Lobifera was introduced for species with a transverse groove on the foot, none of those names are available / appropriate for this group. Therefore, Pruvot-Fol (1933) proposed the replacement name Phyllobranchillus Pruvot-Fol, 1933 for both Polybranchia Pease, 1860 and Phyllobranchus Alder & Hancock, 1864. However, Polybranchia Latreille, 1825 was introduced as a family-level name and consequently cannot enter in homonymy with a genus-level name (ICZN, 1999: Article 53.2). Additionally, as indicated above, Lobifera is an unjustified substitute name for Polybranchia and also an objective junior synonym as it retains the same type species (ICZN, 1999: Article 67.8). Pruvot-Fol (1947), after apparently forgetting her previous proposal to replace Polybranchia Pease, 1860 with Phyllobranchillus Pruvot-Fol, 1933, again reiterated that Polybranchia was preoccupied and proposed the new name Branchophyllum Pruvot-Fol, 1947 to replace it. Later, Pruvot-Fol (1954) recognized that Polybranchia Latreille, 1825 was a family-level name and, therefore, Polybranchia Pease, 1860 remained available. A revision of the literature thus confirms that Polybranchia Pease, 1860 is a valid name and includes species of Sacoglossa with bifurcate rhinophores, cerata with branches of the digestive gland and a complete foot, lacking a transversal groove. Below we describe seven distinct species recovered in phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses, as well as two additional morphologically distinct taxa not studied herein, providing justifications for the usage of available names or the introduction of new ones.	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFFDFF9AFCB624EDFE89FA08.taxon	description	(FIGS 2 – 3, 5, 6 G, 7, 8 H – I)	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFFDFF9AFCB624EDFE89FA08.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Original type material untraceable, not found at NHMUK. Original drawings available at the library of the NHMUK. Neotype (here designated): Vizhinjam, Kovalam, India, 20 Dec 2013, one specimen 20 - mm long (LACM 3487), illustrated by Ravinesh et al. (2014). Additional material examined South of Lago de Oro Hotel, Verde Island Passage, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines, 11 May 2014, one specimen 35 mm live length, 11 - mm long, isolate MM 120 (CASIZ 199384). Calumpan Peninsula, Mainit ‘ Bubbles’, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines, 16 April 2008, one specimen, 10 - mm long, isolate MM 068 (CASIZ 177601). Description External morphology: Body translucent brown with minute dark brown spots covering entire surface in some specimens, giving animal dark appearance (Fig. 5 A). Rhinophores translucent, with single pale brown line and minute brown specks throughout; small translucent papillae without colour evenly distributed on their surface (Fig. 5 B). Pericardium white, typically very conspicuous. Ceratal peduncle with snowy white pigment in depression. Cerata fan-shaped, translucent and speckled with cinnamon brown throughout, with two dorso-medial yellowish patches, some with single black dot (Fig. 6 G). Two large papillae on dorso-medial surface of each ceras; one large, yellow, near ceratal tip; another smaller, yellow, below first papilla. Additional papillae on dorsal and ventral cerata surface white, minute and inconspicuous. Cerata margin outlined with pale yellow. Foot colour unknown. Internal morphology: Radular tooth count unavailable for 35 - mm long specimen from the Philippines (CASIZ 199384), but active tooth with two rows of 13 blunt denticles on convex ventral surface (Fig. 7 A); decreasing in size toward hooked cusp (Fig. 7 A, C). For 10 - mm long specimen from the Philippines (CASIZ 177601), the total number of radular teeth unknown; seven teeth in ascending limb (Fig. 7 B). Ascus not observed in either specimen available (CASIZ 199384; CASIZ 177601); number of pre-radular teeth unknown. Penis elongate, smooth and slender; cylindrical from base to just below tip. Tip flattened, lacking penial stylet (Fig. 8 H – I).	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFF8FF99FF482512FE56FC08.taxon	materials_examined	Type material H o l o t y p e: Q u e e n s cl i f f, Vi c t o r i a, A u s t r a l i a, 2 0 November 1956 (MV F 18603), collected by Robert F. Burn, not examined.	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFF8FF99FF3324A3FE3EFCC8.taxon	description	(FIG. 10 A)	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFE7FF86FC5A2483FB54FC0B.taxon	description	(FIG. 10 B)	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFE7FF86FC5A2483FB54FC0B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype: Cottesloe, Western Australia, Australia, 10 January 1983 (WAM S 14569), collected by Fred Wells and Clay Bryce, not examined.	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFE6FF87FEDB2516FB12FD98.taxon	description	(FIGS 2, 3, 6 A, 11, 12) Type material Holotype: Yabob, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea, 5 December 2012, 10 - mm long, isolate MM 069 (CASIZ 191544). Additional material examined Arthur’s Place, Mabini (Calumpan Peninsula), Batangas, Luzon Island, Philippines, 20 April 2008, one specimen, isolate MM 066 (CASIZ 177697). Description External morphology: Colour typically translucent golden yellow to light brown with numerous small orange and purple spots throughout dorsum (Fig. 11). Rhinophores translucent with several white papillae. Small orange and purple patches extend on to rhinophores. Pericardium pigmented with snowy white. Cerata fan-shaped with a single white to yellow large papilla on dorsal-medial surface; small papillae with white tips present on both dorsal and ventral sides. Many orange and purple spots scattered throughout; deep purple line near base extends medially and vertically to half each ceras length and abruptly changes to a red-orange extending to distal end, without reaching white tipped margin (Fig. 6 A). Unique white or yellow lines resembling cobweb present on entire surface of cerata (Fig. 6 A). Internal morphology: In a 10 - mm long specimen from Papua New Guinea (CASIZ 191544), radulae with 24 teeth: four in ascending limb, four distinct teeth and 16 teeth encased in tissue in descending limb (Fig. 12 A). In specimen from the Philippines (CASIZ 177697), radula with 29 teeth: six in ascending limb, five distinct teeth and 18 teeth encased in tissue in descending limb (Fig. 12 D). Additional teeth encased in ascus in both specimens (Fig. 12 C, F); number unknown. Leading tooth with two rows of 12 blunt denticles on basal surface in Papua New Guinea specimen (CASIZ 191544), enlarged near base and decrease in size toward hooked cusp (Fig 12 B), and with two rows of 14 blunt denticles on convex ventral surface in Philippines specimen (CASIZ 177697). Denticles small near base; enlarged as they ascend toward cusp and reduced in size at hooked cusp (Fig. 12 E). Penial morphology not observed; both specimens were castrated by parasitic copepods.	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFE5FF83FEDC2035FEA7FDFF.taxon	description	(FIGS 2, 3, 6 A – C, 8, 13, 14) Type material Holotype: West Philippine Sea coast, Calatagan, Batangas Province, Luzon Island, Philippines, 13 – 15 May 2014, live animal 51 mm in length, 25 - mm long preserved, isolate MM 121 (NMP 041295). Additional material examined Kahului Harbor, Maui, Hawaiian Islands, 20 June 2011, one specimen, isolate JG 028 (CPIC 00379), 10 - mm long; one specimen, isolate JG 029 (CPIC 00376), 10 - mm long; one specimen, isolate JG 030 (CPIC 00376), 9 - mm long. Anini Beach, Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 12 July 2016, one specimen, 9 - mm long, isolate MM 029 (CPIC 01778). Hekili Point, Maui, Hawaiian Islands, 21 June 2016, one specimen, 19 - mm long when alive, 6 - mm long preserved, isolate MM 030 (CPIC 01649). Mama’s Fish House, Maui, Hawaiian Islands, 25 June 2016, one specimen, 11 - mm long, isolate MM 031 (CPIC 01650); one specimen, 5 - mm long, isolate MM 032 (CPIC 01651); one specimen, 3 mm-long, isolate MM 033 (CPIC 01652). Verde Island Passage coast, Calatagan, Batangas, Luzon, Philippines, 9 May 2014, one specimen, 8 mm-long, isolate MM 119 (CASIZ 199267); 8 May 2014, one specimen, isolate MM 118 (CASIZ 199266). Description External morphology: Colour translucent dark grey or completely translucent in smaller animals; small white papillae throughout body (Fig. 13). Faded white patches may be present throughout dorsum. Rhinophores translucent with several white papillae; upper portion of dorsal rhinophores with thin, translucent dark grey or pale yellow medial line. Pericardium translucent grey with few white spots. Cerata fan-shaped with yellow or white pigment on the 2 – 3 larger papillae; overall translucent olive-green with white web-like network on dorsal surface. Ceratal peduncles with snowy white pigment in depression. Dark black patch, above peduncle depression (Figs 6 B – C, 13 A, C, D). Small cerata pale yellow. Foot translucent grey with white spots, except for translucent and colourless animals in which foot is only with white spots. Internal morphology: In a 9 - mm long specimen from Maui, Hawaiian Islands (CPIC 00376), radula with 29 teeth: six in ascending limb, five distinct teeth and 18 teeth encased in tissue in descending limb (Fig. 14 A). In a 9 - mm long specimen from Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands (CPIC 01778), radula with 38 teeth: six in ascending limb, five distinct teeth and 27 teeth encased in tissue in descending limb (Fig. 14 D). Additional teeth encased in ascus in specimen CPIC 00376 (Fig. 14 C); number unknown. Ascus with three pre-radular teeth in specimen CPIC 01778 (Fig. 14 F). Teeth shape variable; slightly slender in Kaua‘i specimen (CPIC 01778), with upper surface convex, more straight in specimen from Maui (CPIC 00376). Leading tooth with two rows of ten worn-down denticles on basal surface, increasing in size near base and decreasing at ‘ hooked’ cusp (Fig. 14 B) in Maui specimen (CPIC 00376) and with two rows of 14 denticles on basal surface, increasing then decrease in size from base towards hooked cusp (Fig. 14 E) in Kaua‘i specimen (CPIC 01778). Penis long, smooth and cylindrical in the Hawaiian Islands (CPIC 01778) and the Philippines’ specimens (CASIZ 199267) (Fig. 8 A, B). Penis of 8 - mm long specimen from the Philippines (CASIZ 199267) bent at mid-length, tip coiled and blunt (Fig. 8 A). Penis of 9 - mm long specimen from the Hawaiian Islands (CPIC 01778) erect and wide at base, mid-length varies in width and narrows toward the loosely coiled unarmed blunt tip (Fig. 8 B).	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFE2FF80FC582238FB70F8B7.taxon	description	(FIGS 2, 3, 6 D, 8 C – D, 15, 16) Type material Holotype: Maui, Hawaiian Islands, 28 June 2016, 17 - mm long, isolate MM 034 (LACM 3466). Additional material examined Guam, one specimen, isolate U 003. Saudi Arabia, Red Sea, 4 March 2013, one specimen, 20 - mm long, isolate MM 067 (CASIZ 192424). Moloa‘a Beach, Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 7 July 2016, one specimen, 9 - mm long, isolate MM 028 (CPIC 01772). Hekili Point, Maui, Hawaiian Islands, 13 June 2011, one specimen, 2 - mm long, isolate Maui 01 (CPIC 00291). Description External morphology: Colour pale olive-green to tan or brown, with evenly distributed small white papillae on dorsum (Fig. 15). Rhinophores translucent with white frosted dorsal tips and several white papillae evenly throughout. Snowy white pigment below eyespots extends towards snowy white pericardium. Cerata translucent, olive-green or dark tan in colour; dorso-medial surface with large green patch enclosed by dense white pigment (Fig. 6 D). White colour extends from distal tip and stops before ceratal base; diminishes before reaching white margin (Fig. 6 D). Two medial papillae, one large and one small, white, made inconspicuous by white dorso-medial surface on cerata. Peduncle depression lacks colour. Few white dots and many small, dark-brown spots on foot. Internal morphology: In a 9 - mm long specimen from Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands (CPIC 01772), radula with 28 teeth: six in ascending limb, six distinct teeth and 16 teeth encased in tissue in descending limb (Fig. 16 B). In a 2 - mm long specimen from Maui, Hawaiian Islands (CPIC 00291), radula with 33 teeth: six in ascending limb, four distinct teeth and 23 teeth encased in tissue in descending limb (Fig. 16 C). Ascus lost in specimen CPIC 01772 (Fig. 16 B). Additional teeth encased in ascus in specimen CPIC 00291 (Fig. 16 E); number unknown. Leading tooth with two rows of 11 blunt denticles on basal surface in Kaua‘i specimen (CPIC 01772), larger near base and decrease in size toward hooked cusp (Fig. 16 A), and with two rows of 12 blunt denticles on basal surface in Maui specimen (CPIC 00291), also larger near base and decrease in size toward ‘ hooked’ cusp (Fig. 16 D). Penis long and smooth. Penis compressed from prostate sac to blunt tip, resembling a thin ribbon (Fig. 8 C – D). Penial stylet absent.	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFEFFF8EFEC52510FB26FE61.taxon	description	(FIGS 2, 3, 6 E, 17) Type material Holotype: Neds Beach, Lord Howe Island, New South Wales, Australia, 12 April 2011, ~ 40 - mm long, isolate Ps 709 LIC (AM C. 469619). Additional material examined Lord Howe, Australia, tissue sample only, isolate 11 How 01 (AM tissue collection 54988). Description External morphology: Colour translucent with white patches formed of congregated dots between oral tentacles, below base of rhinophores and on pericardium. Rhinophores with several white papillae throughout and each with orange-red dot on dorsal tip. Each ceras with single, large, white papillate knob on dorso-medial surface; small orange-red dot near white knob on each large ceras (Figs 6 E, 17). Few cerata with faint, dark purple patches on ceratal margins (Figs 6 E, 17). Foot translucent with white dots.	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFEEFF8CFCA327D0FCCAF894.taxon	description	(FIGS 2, 3, 6, 8 E – G, 18, 19) Type material Holotype: Bocas del Toro, Panama, 29 July 2015, one specimen 15 - mm long, isolate MM 064 (LACM 3468). Additional material examined Curaçao, 24 August 2004, one specimen 8 - mm long, isolate MM 102 (LACM 2004 – 98.1). Bocas del Toro, Panama, 28 July 2015, one specimen 13 - mm long, isolate MM 062 (CPIC 01412); one specimen 14 - mm long, isolate MM 063 (CPIC 01413). Description External morphology: Colour pale to dark olive-green with specks of brown scattered over dorsum; specks disappear at lateral edges of body, covered with papillae. Rhinophores translucent olive-green with white papillae throughout. White pigmentation 01413; number unknown in specimen LACM 3468. Active tooth with two rows of ten blunt denticles (CPIC 01413) or two rows of 11 blunt denticles (CPIC 01412) on basal surface. Denticles small near base, larger toward distal portion, but decreasing in size at hooked cusp (Fig. 19 B, E). Penis elongate, cylindrical, distally bearing numerous warty papillae and lacking a penial stylet in both specimens examined (LACM 2004 – 98.1; LACM 3468) (Fig. 8 E – G). Base wide, narrowing toward tip in specimen from Curaçao (LACM 2004 – 98.1); specimen from Panama (LACM 3468) with uniformly wide penis from base until last quarter of length, then narrowing towards tip (Fig. 8 G). Penis wavy, with distal loop, and blunt tip in Curaçao specimen (LACM 3468); erect with blunt tip in Panama specimen (LACM 2004 – 98.1) (Fig. 8 E – F). forming small inverted triangle behind eyespots. Pericardium pale olive-green, lighter than rest of body, lacking brown specks (Fig. 18). Large cerata translucent olive-green; dorso-medial surface with single minute black dot near distal margin and two enlarged papilla; ventral surface covered with many small white papillae (Fig. 6 F). Small cerata dark, olive-green, with 2 – 3 dark spots at tips. Ceratal peduncles with snowy white pigmentation in depression. Foot olive-green with scattered specks of brown and large white spots dispersed throughout. Internal morphology: In a 14 - mm long specimen from Panama (CPIC 01413), radula with 35 teeth: six in ascending limb, six distinct teeth and 23 teeth encased in tissue in descending limb (Fig. 19 A). In a 13 - mm specimen from Panama (CPIC 01412), radula with 37 teeth: six in ascending limb, nine distinct teeth and 22 teeth encased in tissue in descending limb (Fig. 19 D). Ascus with four pre-radular teeth in specimen CPIC	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFECFF8AFC55255DFECCFB36.taxon	description	(FIGS 2, 3, 6 H, 8 J, 20, 21) Type material Holotype: Los Arcos, Bahia de Banderas, Jalisco, Mexico, 26 February 2006, one specimen, 10 - mm long, isolate MM 065 (CASIZ 174098). Additional material examined Bahía Magdalena, Puerto San Carlos, Mexico, 1 September 2015, one specimen 10 - mm long, isolate MM 060 (CPIC 01483). Bahía Magdalena, Puerto San Carlos, Mexico, 1 September 2015, one specimen 10 - mm long, isolate MM 061 (CPIC 01484). El Anclote, Nayarit, Mexico, one specimen, 11 - mm long, isolate MM 108 (LACM 174951). Mazatlán, Mexico, isolate MM 111 B, tissue only. Description External morphology: Body and rhinophores lacking papillae. Colour translucent dark brown with numerous white specks; rhinophores translucent olive-green with few white dots; pericardium pigmented with snowy white. Cerata with one or two large black dots on the dorso-medial surface and with few small black dots scattered throughout. Foot olive-green with scattered white specks. Internal morphology: In an 11 - mm long specimen from Nayarit, Mexico (LACM 174951), radula with 32 teeth: seven in ascending limb, six distinct teeth and 19 teeth encased in tissue in descending limb (Fig. 21 A). In a 10 - mm long specimen from Jalisco, Mexico (CASIZ 174098), radula with 25 teeth: five in ascending limb, five distinct teeth and 15 teeth encased in tissue in descending limb (Fig. 21 D). Additional teeth encased in ascus in both specimens (Fig. 21 C, F); number unknown. Leading tooth with two rows of ten blunt denticles on convex basal surface in specimen from Nayarit (LACM 174951); two rows of 13 blunt denticles on basal surface in specimen from Jalisco (CASIZ 174098). Denticles small near base, larger distally, decreasing in size at hooked cusp, in both specimens (LACM 174951; CASIZ 174098) (Fig. 21 B, E). Penis long, smooth and cylindrical. Wider at base and narrowing towards tip (Fig. 8 J). Penial stylet not observed.	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFE9FF88FCE227F4FBCEFD89.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Untraceable, not found at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University [see: Kay & Clench (1976) and Johnson (1994) for additional information on Pease’s collection].	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFE9FF88FF7A243EFD2EFD2B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Untraceable, not found at the NHMUK (Kay, 1965).	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFE9FF88FC572324FB7BF9BF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Untraceable, not found at ZMUC.	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFE8FF89FCB327F6FB65FD84.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Untraceable, not found at ZMUC.	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFE8FF89FCB42302FBC7F9EC.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Location unknown.	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
03B34269FFD7FFB6FF3C25A0FEBDFB30.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Location unknown.	en	Medrano, Sabrina, Krug, Patrick J., Gosliner, Terrence M., Kumar, A. Biju, Valdés, Ángel (2019): Systematics of Polybranchia Pease, 1860 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Sacoglossa) based on molecular and morphological data. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 186: 76-115
