taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B0650E4E2BFFE79695FAB8FA7AFA57.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Pseudosyllis brevipennis Grube, 1863.	en	Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Giribet, Gonzalo, San Martín, Guillermo, Rouse, Greg W., Riesgo, Ana (2017): Straightening the striped chaos: systematics and evolution of Trypanosyllis and the case of its pseudocryptic type species Trypanosyllis krohnii (Annelida, Syllidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 (3): 492-540, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12443, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12443
03B0650E4E2BFFEC964AFA71FE73F998.taxon	description	FIGS 6 A – D, 7 Trypanosyllis coeliaca Claparede, 1868, 19 (2): 203; San Martın, 2003: 308 – 311, Figs 169, 170. Type material examined Neotype: Rovigno, Croatia (45.066667, 13.616667): one specimen mounted on a slide (ZMB 797), 1912, coll. Heider (Figs 6 A, B). Other material examined Rovigno, Croatia: two specimens mounted on slides (ZMB 7978 a, ZMB 7978 b), collection details as for the neotype. Spain, Catalonia: one specimen in 96 % EtOH (MNCN / ADN 9622), Port de la Selva (42.3375, 3.203333), Posidonia oceanica, 10 m, 21 September 2004, no collector data; two specimens in 96 % EtOH (MNCN 16.01 / 16041, 16176), Barcelona, Mataro (41.5325, 2.453056), intertidal algae, March 2014, leg. M. Ballesteros; one specimen mounted for SEM (MNCN 16.01 / 16177) Girona, Cap Falco (42.433333, 3.174722), calcareous algae, 15 September 2011, leg. G. San Martın (Figs 5 C – D, 8). Spain, Alboran Sea: one specimen in 96 % EtOH (MNCN 16.01 / 16040), (42.433333, 3.174722), algae, 42 – 48 m, 21 September 2011, leg. A. Luque and Alboran-INDEMARES Oceanographic Campaign collecting team; one specimen in 10 % formalin buffered in seawater (MNCN 16.01 / 16178), (35.983333, 2.916667), calcareous algae, 68 – 70 m, 24 September 2011, leg. A. Luque AlboranINDEMARES Oceanographic Campaign collecting team; one specimen in 10 % formalin buffered in seawater (MNCN 16.01 / 16079), (35.878667, 3.077833), calcareous algae, 96 – 100 m, Alboran-INDEMARES Oceanographic Campaign collecting team. Diagnosis Body of medium to small size (up to about 12 mm long) without colour pattern. Short appendages, relatively thick, with few articles (Figs 6 A, 7 A). Bidentate chaetae with similar teeth; with spines along margin, distalmost spines reaching the distalmost tooth (Figs 6 B – D, 7 B). Proventricle shorter than pharynx, occupying two or three segments (Fig. 6 A). Reproduction by single tetraglene stolon (San Martın, 2003). Description Neotype, complete specimen: 5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, 51 chaetigers, without distinct colour pattern (Fig. 6 A). Oval prostomium with two pairs of eyes in trapezoidal arrangement, anterior eyes slightly larger (Figs 6 A, 7 A); antennae originating on anterior margin of prostomium; long median antenna with about eight articles; lateral antennae shorter, with about six articles. Oval palps shorter, completely separate. Nuchal organs as two densely ciliated semicircular areas, surrounding prostomial lobes (Fig. 7 A). Segment 1 slightly smaller than subsequent segments; dorsal enlarged anterior cirri similar in length to antennae, with eight or nine articles; ventral cirri shorter with between four and six articles. Dorsal cirri similar in length to median antenna, with seven or eight articles (Figs 6 A, 7 A). Anterior segments with two rows of cilia, reaching cirrophores (Fig. 7 A). Between ten and 12 compound bidentate, heterogomph falcigers in anterior and midbody segments, and seven or eight in posterior parapodia. All compound chaetae morphologically similar throughout body, bidentate, with distal tooth slightly larger than proximal one, and spines along margin, most distal ones larger and reaching distal tooth (Figs 6 B – D, 7 B). All parapodia with two protruding, acuminate, and thick aciculae (Fig. 7 C). Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae not seen. Pharynx through about six segments, with an anterior tooth and a trepan with between eight and ten small teeth (Fig. 6 A). Proventricle through three segments, with about 22 muscle cell rows (Fig. 6 A). Reproduction by a single cephalous stolon with two pairs of eyes. Remarks San Mart � ın (2003) considered that Trypanosyllis coeliaca Claparede, 1868 (type-locality, Naples, W Mediterranean) and Pseudosyllis brevipennis Grube, 1863 (type-locality: Adriatic Sea) were synonymous species. Although the author noted that Pseudosyllis Grube, 1863 had priority over Trypanosyllis Claparede, 1864; he considered Pseudosyllis as a nomen dubium, and therefore the species was named as Trypanosyllis coeliaca for stability purposes (see remarks in San Mart � ın, 2003). Our study shows that Trypanosyllis coeliaca, as traditionally considered, belongs to a different genus, more closely related to the genera Xenosyllis, Eurysyllis, and Plakosyllis (Figs 1, 2, 5). These results agree with the morphological features: all species included in these four genera share a small body size, short cirri and proventricle, and a trepan with minute teeth, except for Xenosyllis, the trepan of which was secondarily lost. In addition, the species presented a large spine on the chaetae margin that is unique compared with other species of Trypanosyllis. Therefore, we reinstate Pseudosyllis (following ICZN requirements) to include the former Trypanosyllis coeliaca, which should now be considered Pseudosyllis brevipennis, the type and unique species of the genus. One of the specimens examined from the Museum f ur € Naturkunde (Berlin) from the type locality (Croatia) agrees with the characters described by Grube (1863) and also in the morphological features examined in our specimens. Since the type material is lost, we have designated a neotype for the species (ZMB 7978), but further molecular studies are required to test if the specimens collected in the Spanish coasts are the same species as the specimens from the type locality. The other two specimens examined from the ZMB, identified as Trypanosyllis coeliaca (slides ZMB 7978 a and ZMB 7978 b), belonging to the same locality, might represent a different species because they have shorter chaetae with a minute proximal tooth and without spines on the margin. Nevertheless, they also share some of the morphological characters defined for Pseudosyllis species, so it will be necessary to sequence and compare specimens of these two morphotypes from Croatia to assess if they are different species. In addition, in order to check the status of Trypanosyllis coeliaca, further molecular studies are required including material from Naples (the type locality). Although Pseudosyllis is currently monotypic, there are also other species traditionally considered within Trypanosyllis that could also belong to Pseudosyllis, as they share the synapomorphies identified for the group. This is the case for Trypanosyllis parvidentata Perkins, 1981 from Florida (Perkins, 1981) and Trypanosyllis microdenticulata Salcedo-Oropeza, San Martın & Solis-Weiss, 2011, from the southern Mexican Pacific coast (Salcedo-Oropeza et al., 2011). Further molecular analyses are still needed in order to test whether Trypanosyllis parvidentata and Trypanosyllis microdenticulata are more closely related to Pseudosyllis brevipennis than to species within Trypanosyllis, and therefore to establish the status of Pseudosyllis brevipennis s. s. Type locality Rovigno, Croatia (Adriatic Sea). Distribution Mediterranean Sea.	en	Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Giribet, Gonzalo, San Martín, Guillermo, Rouse, Greg W., Riesgo, Ana (2017): Straightening the striped chaos: systematics and evolution of Trypanosyllis and the case of its pseudocryptic type species Trypanosyllis krohnii (Annelida, Syllidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 (3): 492-540, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12443, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12443
03B0650E4E20FFEE95F7F92FFD12FABD.taxon	description	FIGS 6 E – I, 8, 9 Trypanosyllis (Trypanedenta) Imajima & Hartman: 125. Trypanosyllis Claparede, 1864 (partim). Type species: Trypanosyllis gemmipara Johnson, 1901. Diagnosis Body variable in size, from 7 mm to more than 80 mm in length, and from 1 mm to 5 mm wide, with uniform yellowish coloration (Figs 6 E, G). Unidentate or bidentate chaetae, without serration in margin or with a few, minute spines (Fig. 6 F, I). Reproduction by clusters of several simultaneous tetraglene stolons (Fig. 6 G, H). Remarks	en	Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Giribet, Gonzalo, San Martín, Guillermo, Rouse, Greg W., Riesgo, Ana (2017): Straightening the striped chaos: systematics and evolution of Trypanosyllis and the case of its pseudocryptic type species Trypanosyllis krohnii (Annelida, Syllidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 (3): 492-540, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12443, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12443
03B0650E4E20FFEE95F7F92FFD12FABD.taxon	distribution	Distribution Cosmopolitan.	en	Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Giribet, Gonzalo, San Martín, Guillermo, Rouse, Greg W., Riesgo, Ana (2017): Straightening the striped chaos: systematics and evolution of Trypanosyllis and the case of its pseudocryptic type species Trypanosyllis krohnii (Annelida, Syllidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 (3): 492-540, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12443, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12443
03B0650E4E24FFE8968AFF70FC77FC54.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Trypanosyllis krohnii Claparede, 1864. Diagnosis As in San Martın et al. (2008). Remarks Although Imajima & Hartman (1964) divided the genus into four subgenera, based on body shape, type of chaetae, and the presence of a pharyngeal tooth, most authors did not follow this classification, arguing that these features depended on the ontogeny (e. g., San Martın, 2003; Cinar, 2007; Nogueira & Fukuda, 2008; San Martın et al., 2008). Our results show that Trypanosyllis s. l. contains at least two clades, which we have designated as genera: Trypanedenta Imajima & Hartman, 1964 and Pseudosyllis Grube, 1863. These genera differ from Trypanosyllis s. s. in the type of chaetae, body size, length of cirri, and reproductive mode (see remarks above).	en	Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Giribet, Gonzalo, San Martín, Guillermo, Rouse, Greg W., Riesgo, Ana (2017): Straightening the striped chaos: systematics and evolution of Trypanosyllis and the case of its pseudocryptic type species Trypanosyllis krohnii (Annelida, Syllidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 (3): 492-540, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12443, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12443
03B0650E4E24FFEA9652FC75FC5FFA4D.taxon	description	FIGS 4 B, 10 A, 11 Type material examined Neotype. France, Banyuls-sur-Mer (42.483333, 3.133333): one specimen in 96 % EtOH (MNCN ADN / 9623), Harbour on docks, snorkelling, epifauna on mussels (i. e. hydroids, sponges), 19 April 2001, no collector data (Fig. 9 A). Other material examined Spain, Catalonia: one specimen in 96 % EtOH (MNCN 16.01 / 16187), Barcelona, Mataro (41.5325, 2.453056), intertidal algae, March 2014, leg. M. Ballesteros; one specimen in 96 % EtOH (MNCN 16.01 / 16066), Girona, Cap de Creus (42.320278, 3.320556), Petrosia sp., 16 m, 16 September 2011, leg. G. San Martın; one specimen mounted for SEM (MNCN 16.01 / 16186), collection data as for MNCN 16.01 / 16066; four midbody parts (MNCN 16.01 / 16188), collection data as for MNCN 16.01 / 16066. Morphologically similar species examined Italy: Trypanosyllis zebra, one specimen (ZMB Q 4428), Lesina (41.766667, 15.433333), 1874, leg. Grube. Lessina coll. Grube. Diagnosis Colour pattern in preserved specimens as brown transverse stripes across anterior and midbody parts, one close to anterior end of segment and the other in middle of segment (Figs 4 B, 10 A). All stripes similar in length, reaching parapodia (Figs 4 B, 10 A). Large anterior cirri with about 42 articles (n = 5); dorsal cirri alternating long (30 – 32 articles) and short (20 – 22 articles). Description Neotype incomplete, 8 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 83 chaetigers. Long dorsoventrally flattened body (Figs 10 A, 11 A). Colour pattern as two thin, brown, transverse stripes across limit of anterior and midbody segments (Fig. 10 A). Some specimens with purple pigmentation remaining on anterior and dorsal cirri (Fig. 4 B). Oval prostomium with two pairs of eyes in trapezoidal arrangement (Fig. 10 A); antennae originating on anterior margin of prostomium, long median antenna with about 30 articles; lateral antennae slightly shorter, with about 25 articles (Fig. 10 A, 11 A, B). Oval palps shorter than prostomium, completely separated. Nuchal organs as two densely ciliated semicircular areas, extending on prostomium and surrounding prostomial lobes. In addition, ciliary bands on dorsum of anterior and midbody segments and parapodia (Fig. 11 C). Segment 1 slightly smaller than subsequent segments; dorsal enlarged anterior cirri longer than antennae, with about 42 articles, longer than ventral cirri, with about 35 articles Dorsal cirri alternating long (30 – 32 articles) and short (20 – 22 articles). Ventral digitiform cirri, reaching edge of parapodia. Parapodia with two anterior, digitiform lobes. Compound bidentate, heterogomph falciger chaetae, about 15 – 17 on anterior parapodia, 13 – 15 on midbody and 12 – 14 on posterior ones. All chaetae similar throughout body, with both teeth similar in length and serrated margin (Fig. 11 D – G); all parapodia with dorsal chaetae with longer blades and very short spines on the margin (Fig. 11 D, F), and ventral bidentate chaetae, shorter than ventral chaetae, with minute spines on the margin of anterior and midbody chaetae (Fig. 11 E), and almost smooth on posterior parapodia (Fig. 11 G). Three or four anterior straight aciculae, all distally blunt; two or three midbody and posterior straight, distally pointed aciculae thicker than anterior aciculae. Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae not seen. Pharynx running through 11 segments. Proventricle running through 13 segments, with about 40 muscle cell rows. Remarks	en	Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Giribet, Gonzalo, San Martín, Guillermo, Rouse, Greg W., Riesgo, Ana (2017): Straightening the striped chaos: systematics and evolution of Trypanosyllis and the case of its pseudocryptic type species Trypanosyllis krohnii (Annelida, Syllidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 (3): 492-540, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12443, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12443
03B0650E4E24FFEA9652FC75FC5FFA4D.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality Banyuls-sur-Mer, France (North-Western Mediterranean Sea). Distribution Gulf of Lion (Mediterranean Sea), including the Cap de Creus, in the north-eastern coast of Spain (Girona).	en	Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Giribet, Gonzalo, San Martín, Guillermo, Rouse, Greg W., Riesgo, Ana (2017): Straightening the striped chaos: systematics and evolution of Trypanosyllis and the case of its pseudocryptic type species Trypanosyllis krohnii (Annelida, Syllidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 (3): 492-540, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12443, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12443
03B0650E4E26FFD49652FA1CFCF2FF25.taxon	description	FIGS 10 B, 12 A, B	en	Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Giribet, Gonzalo, San Martín, Guillermo, Rouse, Greg W., Riesgo, Ana (2017): Straightening the striped chaos: systematics and evolution of Trypanosyllis and the case of its pseudocryptic type species Trypanosyllis krohnii (Annelida, Syllidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 (3): 492-540, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12443, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12443
03B0650E4E26FFD49652FA1CFCF2FF25.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Spain, Mallorca, El Toro Island (39.4891, 2.4809): three specimens in 96 % EtOH (MNCN 16.01 / 16039, 16180, 16181), Cladocora cespitosa and Miriapora sp., 12 m, 18 June 2012, leg. P. Alvarez-Campos � and M. Capa. Australia, QLD, Lizard Island, Watsons Bay (14.657222, 145.450833): one specimen in 96 % EtOH (AM W. 41717), coral rubble, 4.5 m, 28 August 2010, leg. P. Hutchings and M. Capa. Diagnosis Uniform pale pink coloration, with yellow dorsal cirri (Fig. 10 B); compound bidentate chaetae, with small proximal tooth; sometimes blades unidentate on posterior parapodia (Fig. 12 B). Description Longest complete specimen (MNCN 16.01 / 16039), 10 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, 65 chaetigers. Pale pink body coloration with yellow pigmentation in some cirri (Fig. 10 B). Oval posteriorly bilobed prostomium (Figs 10 B, 12 A); two prostomial lobes, with two pairs of red eyes in trapezoidal arrangement (Fig. 10 B). Oval palps slightly shorter than prostomium, completely separate. Nuchal organs as two densely ciliated semicircular areas, surrounding the eyes (Fig. 12 A). Antennae originating on anterior margin of prostomium, median antenna long, with about 23 articles; lateral antennae distinctly shorter, with about 15 articles (Figs 10 B, 12 A). Segment 1 slightly shorter than subsequent segments; dorsal enlarged anterior cirri slightly longer than antennae, with about 25 articles, longer than ventral cirri, with about 20 articles. Anterior dorsal cirri as long as median antenna (25 articles); midbody and posterior dorsal cirri shorter, with 20 and 15 articles, respectively. Ventral cirri digitiform, shorter than parapodia. Compound bidentate heterogomph falciger chaetae with both teeth similar in length and with a few and minute spines on margin (Fig. 12 B, C). About 13 or 14 chaetae on anterior parapodia (Fig. 12 B), and with between eight and ten chaetae on midbody and posterior parapodia (Fig. 12 C). One unique, thick, and straight aciculae protruding from each parapodia (Fig. 12 B). Pharynx through about ten segments; trepan with eight teeth. Proventricle similar in length to pharynx, through nine segments, with about 22 muscle cell rows. Remarks See remarks for Trypanedenta gemmipara comb. nov. One of the specimens of Trypanosyllis aeolis analysed is from Australia, and even though we have not been able to find morphological differences with the specimens from the Iberian Peninsula, because of their disjunct distribution this may represent another case of cryptic speciation. Type locality Madeira (Atlantic Ocean). Distribution Pacific Ocean (Washington, USA); north-eastern Atlantic Ocean (UK, Portugal, and Spain); Mediterranean Sea, including Adriatic and Aegean seas. TRYPANOSYLLIS LUZONENSIS (PILLAI, 1965) COMB.	en	Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Giribet, Gonzalo, San Martín, Guillermo, Rouse, Greg W., Riesgo, Ana (2017): Straightening the striped chaos: systematics and evolution of Trypanosyllis and the case of its pseudocryptic type species Trypanosyllis krohnii (Annelida, Syllidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 (3): 492-540, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12443, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12443
03B0650E4E1CFFD29435F9B1FDEFFE19.taxon	description	FIGS 10 H, 15 D – F Type material examined Holotype. California: specimen in 96 % EtOH (SIO A 5008), La Jolla, San Diego (32.866944, 117.255833), kelp holdfast, 5 m, 18 April 2014, leg. G. W. Rouse. Paratypes. California: one specimen mounted for SEM (SIO A 5007), collection data as for the holotype; two specimens in 96 % EtOH (SIO A 5006, 5009), La Jolla, San Diego (32.866944, 117.255833), algae, 0 m, 18 April 2014, leg. G. W. Rouse. Diagnosis Similar to Trypanosyllis krohnii except for pigmentation and body size (Fig. 10 H). Dark-brown transverse stripes across anterior segments of living specimens. Fixed material appears red / pink with dark red – purple stripes: anterior stripe is situated close to anterior end of segment, whereas posterior stripe appears slightly before end of segment (anterior and posterior stripes appear as two close lines per segment, but, in fact, are on different segments; Fig. 10 H). Appendages also with pigmentation only in limit of each article. Description Holotype incomplete: 12 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, 76 chaetigers. Body coloration in live specimens white / pale, with two dark-brown thin transverse stripes across anterior and midbody segments of live specimens (Fig. 10 H). Fixed material appeared red pigmented with dark red – purple stripes. Anterior stripe situated only in anterior end of segment, whereas posterior stripe slightly precedes posterior end of segment (Fig. 9 H). Appendages also with pigmentation in limit of each article. Oval prostomium with two pairs of red eyes in trapezoidal arrangement (Fig. 10 H). Oval palps shorter than prostomium, completely separate. Nuchal organs not seen. Segment 1 slightly smaller than subsequent segments; antennae originating on anterior margin of prostomium, median antenna with about 20 articles; lateral antennae slightly shorter, with 15 – 17 articles. Dorsal enlarged anterior cirri longer than antennae, with about 32 articles, much longer than ventral cirri, with about 17 articles. Dorsal cirri alternating between long (30 – 32 articles) and short (20 – 22 articles). Dorsal cirri of the anteriormost segments slightly longer than the rest, with 34 – 36 articles. Ventral digitiform cirri, shorter than parapodia. Compound bidentate heterogomph falciger chaetae with spines on margin, with between eight and ten spines per parapodium (Fig. 15 D – F), similar throughout body, except in most posterior parapodia, that are shorter (Fig. 15 F). Two or three thick, acutely pointed aciculae in all segments. Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae not seen. Pharynx through about 14 segments, proventricle through 11 segments, with about 30 muscle cell rows. Remarks The examined specimens of Trypanosyllis californiensis sp. nov. collected in La Jolla differ markedly from those of Trypanosyllis luquei sp. nov., collected from San Diego Bay, in length of dorsal cirri (32 and 20 articles in the former, 20 and 14 articles the latter; four and three specimens from each species) and in coloration (Trypanosyllis californiensis sp. nov. has stripes on each segment, whereas Trypanosyllis luquei sp. nov. has stripes in the anterior and posterior end of the segment). In addition, there are also ecological differences: Trypanosyllis californiensis sp. nov. occurs in association with algae, whereas Trypanosyllis luquei sp. nov. lives in association with bryozoans. Another congeneric species described from California (from Monterey Bay), Trypanosyllis intermedia Moore, 1909; differs from Trypanosyllis californiensis sp. nov. in colour pattern, which is reddish brown in the dorsum with pale in anterior and posterior ends of segments (instead of the two brown transverse stripes of Trypanosyllis californiensis sp. nov.) and also in the form of midbody and posterior chaetae, which are much shorter, bidentate, and without spines, i. e. more similar to those in Trypanedenta gemmipara comb. nov. (Fig. 7 E). Type locality La Jolla, San Diego (Pacific Ocean). Distribution Only known from the type locality. Etymology Named after the state of California, where the type locality of the species is located.	en	Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Giribet, Gonzalo, San Martín, Guillermo, Rouse, Greg W., Riesgo, Ana (2017): Straightening the striped chaos: systematics and evolution of Trypanosyllis and the case of its pseudocryptic type species Trypanosyllis krohnii (Annelida, Syllidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 (3): 492-540, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12443, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12443
03B0650E4E1EFFD39473FDA0FE0DFCB5.taxon	description	FIGS 10 G, 15 G – I Type material examined Holotype. Philippines: specimen in 96 % EtOH (MNCN 16.01 / 16082), Luzon Island, between Balayan Bay and Batangas Bay, ‘ Mainif Point’, (13.68, 120.855556), coral rubble, 2 m, 8 December 2010, leg. G. San Martın Project CGL 2009 - 12292 BOS collecting team. Paratypes. Philippines: three specimens in 96 % EtOH (MNCN 16.01 / 16062, 16063, 16081), collection data as for the holotype; one specimen mounted for SEM (MNCN 16.01 / 16073) and one anterior part in 96 % EtOH (MNCN 16.01 / 16077), Luzon Island, Balayan Bay (13.740556, 120.892778), coral rubble, 2 – 4 m, 7 December 2010, leg. G. San Martın Project CGL 2009 - 12292 BOS collecting team; one specimen in 96 % EtOH (MNCN / ADN 85680), Sombrero Island (Luzon), Balayan Bay, ‘ Beatrice Point’, (13.697778, 120.829722), unidentified sponge, 2 m, 9 December 2010, leg. G. San Martın Project CGL 2009 - 12292 BOS collecting team; one specimen in 96 % EtOH (MNCN 16.01 / 16075), Sombrero Island (Luzon), Balayan Bay (13.697778, 120.829722), unidentified sponges, 2 m, 6 December 2010, leg. G. San Martın Project CGL 2009 - 12292 BOS collecting team; one specimen in 96 % EtOH (MNCN 16.01 / 16074), Luzon Island, Balayan Bay, ‘ Koala Point’ (13.798889, 120.869444), coral rubble, 2 m, 5 December 2010, leg. G. San Martın Project CGL 2009 - 12292 BOS collecting team; 1 specimen in 96 % EtOH (MNCN ADN 85683, 16.01 / 16061), Palawan Island, El Nido (11.197222 119.317222), unidentified sponge, 12 m, 18 December 2010, leg. G. San Martın Project CGL 2009 - 12292 BOS collecting team. Diagnosis Similar to Trypanosyllis krohnii except for pigmentation, body size, and length of appendages (Fig. 9 G). Red-brown transverse stripes across anterior segments, two per segment, one wider than the other. Stripes do not reach end of segments (Fig. 10 G). Specimens considerably (0.3 – 0.4 mm; n = 10) with slender and shorter anterior cirri (14 – 19 articles). Dorsal cirri alternating in anterior and midbody segments: Segments 1 and 3 presenting longer cirri (30 – 32 articles) and segments 2 and 4 with shorter ones (16 – 18 articles). Midbody segments with an alternation pattern less evident: long cirri with 16 – 18 articles and short cirri with 12 – 14 articles; posterior dorsal cirri all short (7 – 9 articles). Description Holotype incomplete: 15 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, 144 chaetigers. Well-preserved specimens white in colour with brown transverse stripes across anterior and midbody segments; one stripe slightly thicker, in middle of each segment, and the other two stripes thinner, in both anterior and posterior ends of segment (Fig. 10 G). Only these two lines are similar in length, reaching the parapodia (Fig. 10 G). Appendages also white. Oval prostomium with two pairs of red eyes in trapezoidal arrangement (Fig. 10 G). Oval palps shorter than prostomium, completely separate. Nuchal organs not seen. Segment 1 slightly smaller than subsequent segments; antennae originating on anterior margin of prostomium, median antenna with about 22 articles; lateral antennae slightly shorter, with 15 – 17 articles. Dorsal enlarged anterior cirri longer than antennae, with about 19 articles, longer than ventral cirri, with about 14 articles. Dorsal cirri alternating long (16 – 18 articles) and short (12 – 14 articles). Dorsal cirri of the first and third segment longer than remaining cirri, with 32 articles; those from the second and fourth segment much shorter with 14 articles. Ventral digitiform cirri, shorter than parapodia. Compound bidentate heterogomph falciger chaetae with spines on margin. Between ten and 12 chaetae on anterior parapodia (Fig. 15 G), between nine and 11 chaetae on midbody parapodia (Fig. 15 H), and between six and eight chaetae in posterior parapodia (Fig. 15 I). Blades similar throughout body, with ventral blades shorter both in midbody and posterior chaetae (Fig. 15 H, I). Three aciculae in anterior parapodia, two thick, straight, acutely pointed and one slightly thinner, distally blended; only two thick, straight, acutely pointed aciculae in midbody parapodia and one in posterior parapodia. Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae not seen. Pharynx through about 14 segments, proventricle through 15 segments, with about 45 muscle cell rows. Remarks The general aspect of specimens from the Philippines is more slender and smaller than specimens of the type species of the genus, although they both share a similar coloration pattern (Fig. 10 G). Trypanosyllis leivai sp. nov. is the second species of the genus described in the Philippines, together with Trypanosyllis luzonensis comb. nov., although our results showed that there are probably two other species inhabiting these waters (see Fig. 1, Trypanosyllis sp. 1 and specimens Tz 39 – Tz 43). Within the Philippines, the most similar species that also presents stripes on the body is Trypanosyllis luzonensis comb. nov.; however, it clearly differs from Trypanosyllis leivai sp. nov in coloration pattern, size of body, and length of the dorsal cirri (see description above). Type locality ‘ Mainif Point’, between Balayan Bay and Batangas Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines (Indo-Pacific Ocean). Distribution Known from the type locality and from El Nido (Palawan Island), in the Philippines. Etymology Named after Carlos Leiva, colleague and friend of P. A. - C. and A. R., for his help collecting and sorting some of the analysed material.	en	Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Giribet, Gonzalo, San Martín, Guillermo, Rouse, Greg W., Riesgo, Ana (2017): Straightening the striped chaos: systematics and evolution of Trypanosyllis and the case of its pseudocryptic type species Trypanosyllis krohnii (Annelida, Syllidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 (3): 492-540, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12443, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12443
03B0650E4E1FFFD3941BFC14FA9EFA7A.taxon	description	FIGS 10 F, 16 A – C Type material examined Holotype. California: specimen in 96 % EtOH (SIO A 5005), San Diego, Anza Cove (32.795278, 117.212778), bryozoans, intertidal, October 2013, leg. A. Verdes. Paratypes. California: one specimen mounted for SEM (SIO A 5004) and one specimen in 96 % EtOH (SIO A 5006), collection data as for the holotype. Diagnosis Similar to Trypanosyllis krohnii except for pigmentation and length of appendages (Figs 3 C, 10 F). Two brown transverse stripes across anterior segments, situated next to anterior and posterior ends of segment. Appendages also with brown pigmentation only in limit of each article. Width 0.2 – 0.4 mm with slender and shorter anterior cirri (32 – 35 articles). Dorsal cirri alternating long (18 – 20 articles) and short (12 – 14 articles). Description Holotype incomplete, 12 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, 105 chaetigers. Body white with brown transverse stripes across anterior and midbody segments, situated in the anterior and posterior ends of the segment (Fig. 10 G). Appendages also with brown pigmentation just in the end of each article (Fig. 10 G). Oval prostomium with two pairs of red eyes in trapezoidal arrangement. Oval palps shorter than prostomium, completely separate. Nuchal organs not seen. Segment 1 slightly smaller than subsequent segments; antennae originating on anterior margin of prostomium, median antenna with about 14 articles; lateral antennae slightly shorter, with 11 articles. Dorsal enlarged anterior cirri much longer than antennae, with about 35 articles, longer than ventral cirri, with about 24 articles. Dorsal cirri alternating between long (20 articles) and short (14 articles). Dorsal cirri from the first to the fourth segment longer than those of remaining segments, with 28 articles. Ventral cirri digitiform, shorter than parapodia. Compound bidentate heterogomph falciger chaetae with spines on margin, with between ten and 12 on anterior parapodia (Fig. 16 A), seven or eight on midbody parapodia (Fig. 16 B), and five or six on posterior parapodia (Fig. 16 C). Blades decreasing in length throughout the body, ventral blades always shorter than dorsal blades (Fig. 16 A – C). Two or three aciculae in all parapodia, thick, straight, acutely pointed. Dorsal and ventral simple chaetae not seen. Pharynx through about 12 segments, proventricle also through 12 segments, with about 30 muscle cell rows. Remarks Same as those in Trypanosyllis californiensis sp. nov. Type locality San Diego Bay, California (Pacific Ocean). Distribution Only known from the type locality. Etymology Named after Dr. Angel A. Luque, colleague, friend, and mentor in our malacological endeavours. TRYPANOSYLLIS KALKIN ALVAREZ- CAMPOS &	en	Álvarez-Campos, Patricia, Giribet, Gonzalo, San Martín, Guillermo, Rouse, Greg W., Riesgo, Ana (2017): Straightening the striped chaos: systematics and evolution of Trypanosyllis and the case of its pseudocryptic type species Trypanosyllis krohnii (Annelida, Syllidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 179 (3): 492-540, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12443, URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12443
