taxonID	type	description	language	source
03BC87F3FF9CFFC6FF31FF00759BFE6C.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Sichuan: Daocheng Co., 3900 m, 8 August 2011, J. Q. Zhang et al. 110808 - 01 (holotype, PEY!). China. Sichuan: Xiangcheng Co., 4805 m, 20 August 2013, S. Y. Meng et al. 13082012; 13082008 (paratype, PEY!)	en	Zhang, Jian-Qiang, Meng, Shi-Yong, Rao, Guang-Yuan (2015): Two new species of Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Phytotaxa 224 (2): 159-172, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3
03BC87F3FF9CFFC6FF31FF00759BFE6C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Dioecious, stems and pedicel densely glandular-pubescent; caudex leaves triangular-ovate to very broadly triangular; flowering stems 1 – 3; stem leaves alternate, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, denticulate; leaf base cordate, amplexicaul; Inflorescences terminal, very compact; Follicles erect, usually with outcurved styles; Seeds oblong, winged, the testa brown, with longitudinal low ridges.	en	Zhang, Jian-Qiang, Meng, Shi-Yong, Rao, Guang-Yuan (2015): Two new species of Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Phytotaxa 224 (2): 159-172, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3
03BC87F3FF9CFFC6FF31FF00759BFE6C.taxon	description	Description: — A perennial herb, dioecious, up to 50 cm high. Caudex nearly erect, robust, usually 1 – 3 cm across; apical part often short, branched and accrescent, crowned by the scaly radical-leaves. Scaly radical-leaves chartaceous, persistent, triangular-ovate to very broadly triangular with entire margin, acute-obtuse at the apex, 3 – 5 mm long, 3 – 6 mm wide, brown. Roots very slender. Flowering stems 1 – 3 from apex of each caudex branch, deciduous, 25 – 50 (60) cm long, and 5 – 7 mm in diameter, erect, simple, terete, densely glandular-pubescent. Leaves alternate, loosely arranged throughout, ascending-spreading, sessile, spurless, thick herbaceous, flattish, yellowish green, oblong-lanceolate; long acuminate at the apex; round-shallowly cordate at the base; serrate along the margin; 3 – 20 mm long, 2.5 – 5 mm wide; glabrous on both surfaces, the costa ± raised beneath. Inflorescences terminal, very compact, umbel-like cyme, 2 – 7 cm long, 2 – 4.5 cm wide; inconspicuously bractates (♂) and scarcely bracteates (♀), bracts leafy, linear to linear-subulate, round (- acute) at the apex, less than 10 – 31 mm long and 2.5 – 5 mm wide. Flowers 5 (6) - merous, no seen. Follicles 2.5 – 5 mm long, each carpel erect, usually with outcurved styles, 14 – 18 seeds each carpel. Seeds 0.7 – 1.1 mm long, 0.3 – 0.4 mm wide, oblong, winged, the testa brown, longitudinally lowly ridged. See Figs 3 and 4. Habitat: — Perennial herbaceous on humid but not pond mountain ridges with bushes together, half-way up the limestone mountains, 3900 – 4805 m. Phenology: — Flowers no seen; fruits from August to October.	en	Zhang, Jian-Qiang, Meng, Shi-Yong, Rao, Guang-Yuan (2015): Two new species of Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Phytotaxa 224 (2): 159-172, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3
03BC87F3FF9CFFC6FF31FF00759BFE6C.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — So far, it has been found one population (21 individuals) in Daocheng County while another population containing at least 19 individuals was found in Xiangcheng County, northwestern region of Sichuan, China. With extensive road construction, water conservancy construction and mineral development, massive habitats were destroyed. This new species is thought to be endemic to China.	en	Zhang, Jian-Qiang, Meng, Shi-Yong, Rao, Guang-Yuan (2015): Two new species of Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Phytotaxa 224 (2): 159-172, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3
03BC87F3FF9CFFC6FF31FF00759BFE6C.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — This species was firstly found in the mountains behind the Daocheng town, Sichuan province, China. Notes: — The new species R. daochengensis belongs to sect. Rhodiola due to its cymose inflorescences, unisexual flowers and sessile, serrate stem leaves. It shares close morphological affinities with R. kirilowii which supported by the ITS data (Fig. 1) but differed from the latter in the morphology of leaves, stems, pedicels, and fruits (Table 3). However, the cpDNA data showed that R. daochengensis is more closely related to R. serrata (Fig. 2). Chloroplast capture (i. e., replacement of the cytoplasm of one species by that of another species through hybridization / introgression; Rieseberg and Soltis 1991; Soltis and Kuzoff 1995) is a likely explanation for the observed incongruence between nuclear and plastid DNA data in Rhodiola. Chloroplast capture could occur frequently in species with sympatric distribution and reproductive compatibility (Rieseberg et al. 1991). Considering both morphological and molecular data, we compared the morphological characters of R. daochengensis with both R. kirilowii and R. serrata (Table 3). R. daochengensis differs from R. serrata in the form of stems and pedicels, leaf shape, and the base of leaves (Table 3).	en	Zhang, Jian-Qiang, Meng, Shi-Yong, Rao, Guang-Yuan (2015): Two new species of Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Phytotaxa 224 (2): 159-172, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3
03BC87F3FF9EFFC7FF31FE167511F874.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — CHINA. Xizang: Jiacha Co., 5200 m, 22 July 2012, S. Y. Meng et J. Q. Zhang 120722 - 10 (holotype, PEY!). China. Xizang: Longzi Co., 5043 m, 22 July 2013, S. Y. Meng B 1702, S. Y. Meng B 1701 (paratype, PEY!)	en	Zhang, Jian-Qiang, Meng, Shi-Yong, Rao, Guang-Yuan (2015): Two new species of Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Phytotaxa 224 (2): 159-172, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3
03BC87F3FF9EFFC7FF31FE167511F874.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Dioecious, 1 – 5 cm high. Caudex leaves dimorphic: triangular-ovate to very broadly triangular and long-linear. Flowering stems 3 – 10, erect, simple. Stem leaves alternate, sessile, linear to linear-lanceolate, entire. Inflorescences terminal, often solitary flower. Flowers 3 - merous; Sepal (♀) yellow-green; Petals free, pink, green at the base, triangular (♀). Follicles erect, blackish red at maturity; seeds 3 – 4, winged on one side.	en	Zhang, Jian-Qiang, Meng, Shi-Yong, Rao, Guang-Yuan (2015): Two new species of Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Phytotaxa 224 (2): 159-172, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3
03BC87F3FF9EFFC7FF31FE167511F874.taxon	description	Description: — A perennial herb, dioecious, 1 – 5 cm high. Caudex cylindrical, 3 – 7 mm thick, 8 – 40 mm long, erect; the apical part densely covered with scaly radical-leaves. Scaly radical-leaves chartaceous, persistent, triangular-ovate to very broadly triangular with entire margin, acute-acuminate at the apex, 3 – 5 mm long, 1 – 3 mm wide, blackish brown. Flowering stems 3 – 10 from each branch apex of rhizomes, deciduous, 5 – 12 mm long, 0.2 – 0.3 mm thick, erect, simple, terete, glabrous; persistent old flowering stems like a long scaly radical-leaves, but with a big midrib, long-linear, 5 – 7 mm long, 0.2 – 0.4 mm wide. Leaves alternate, rather densely arranged on the upper part, ascending-spreading, sessile, spurless, thick herbaceous, flattish, yellowish green, linear to linear-lanceolate; acute-acuminate at the apex; very short attenuate at the base; entire along the margin, 4 – 5 mm long, 0.8 – 1 mm wide, glabrous on both surfaces; the costa not obvious. Every flowering stem with 1 (– 3) flowers, scarcely bracteates (♀), bracts leafy, linear to linear-subulate, round (- acute) at the apex, 4 – 4.5 mm long and 1 mm wide. Flowers 3 - merous, 3 – 5 mm acoss at anthesis, pedicellate; the pedicel 1 – 3 mm long, laevis. Sepal (♀), yellow-green, glabrous, laevis, freely; the lobes triangular, acute-obtuse at the apex, 1.6 – 2 mm long, 0.3 – 1.2 (– 1.4) mm wide, entire along the margin, flattish, erect-suberect at anthesis. Petals free, pink, green at the base, triangular (♀), obtuse-acute at the apex, 1 – 1.4 mm (♀) long, 0.6 – 0.8 mm (♀) wide, entire along the margin, laevis, spreading at anthesis. Nectar-scales oblong, truncate at the apex, 0.2 – 0.4 mm long, 0.4 – 0.6 mm wide. Gynoecia 2 – 3 mm (♀) long at anthesis; ovaries basally ca. 0.1 mm connate, ventrally straight, 0.4 – 0.6 mm (♀) wide; the style very short, indistinguishable from the ovaries, ca. 0.1 mm long, holed at the apex. Ovules ca. 3 – 4 (♀) in each locule, ca. 0.4 mm long. Follicles erect, ca. 2.5 mm, 0.8 – 1 mm diam., connective ca. 0.1 mm in base, beak straight, ca. 0.5 – 0.6 mm, blackish red at maturity; seeds 3 – 4, one side with winged, 0.8 mm long, 0.3 mm wide. See Figs 5 and 6. Habitat: — Perennial herbaceous on humid and with more soil of mountain ridges, summits of mountains, 5000 – 5200 m. Phenology: — Flowers from July to August; fruits from August to October.	en	Zhang, Jian-Qiang, Meng, Shi-Yong, Rao, Guang-Yuan (2015): Two new species of Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Phytotaxa 224 (2): 159-172, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3
03BC87F3FF9EFFC7FF31FE167511F874.taxon	distribution	Distribution: — The distribution of Rhodiola tricarpa has been found only in the summit of mountains in Jiacha County, Qusong County, Longzi County, Xizang (Tibet) China.	en	Zhang, Jian-Qiang, Meng, Shi-Yong, Rao, Guang-Yuan (2015): Two new species of Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Phytotaxa 224 (2): 159-172, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3
03BC87F3FF9EFFC7FF31FE167511F874.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Flowers 3 - merous, three carpel per flower, diffrent from all other species of this genus which are 4 - or 5 - merous. Notes: — Because of dioecy, with persistent old flowering stems and elongate flower stems indicated the close relationship of this new species with ones of section Chamaerhodiola, but distinct from other species of this section in flower morphology (3 - merous vs 4 - or 5 - merous) and persistent old flowering stems. According to the ITS data (Fig. 1) and cpDNA data (Fig. 2), R. tricarpa shared affinity with R. coccineae, R. fastigiata and R. tangutica, although there is not well separated by cpDNA. R. tricarpa and R. coccineae have same habitat (summits of mountains), but different in the former with 10 – 50 mm stem, 3 - merous flowers, greenish sepal and pink petal. R. tricarpa and R. fastigiata share same triangular caudex leaves and greenish sepal, but different in the former with shorter stems (10 – 50 mm vs more than 500 mm), more simple inflorescence (1 – 3 flowers vs corybiform-paniculate), 3 – merous and shorter fruit (2.5 mm vs 7 – 8 mm). R. tricarpa and R. tangutica have same triangular caudex leaves, pink petal, different in the former with 3 - merous, small value of length of petal / length of sepal (0.7 vs 1.285) and shorter fruit (2.5 mm vs 7 – 8 mm). The detailed comparison of several morphological characters between them is listed in Table 4.	en	Zhang, Jian-Qiang, Meng, Shi-Yong, Rao, Guang-Yuan (2015): Two new species of Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Phytotaxa 224 (2): 159-172, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.3
