taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
03BC831EBE2FFFEFFF49FF34FA3F77DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483306/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483306	FIG. 1. Important characters of Andean Dicksonia in the field. A–C. Trunk and leaf arrangement of plants growing outside the forest. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana, short trunks ca. 0.8 m tall, no skirt of old fronds (Anori, Dept. Antioquia, Colombia). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa, trunks ca. 1.7 m tall, with skirt of old fronds (La Cocha, Dept. Nar~ no, Colombia). C. Dicksonia stuebelii, trunks 2–3.6 m tall, fronds characteristically erect, dead fronds persisting but not forming skirt (Colan, Dept.Amazonas, Peru).D–I. Hairs on petioles.D.Spreading bristly hairs, D.lehnertiana (Yarumal, Dept.Antioquia, Colombia). E. Matted hairs, paler undercoat exposed by emerging adventitious buds, D. navarrensis (Dept. Caldas, Colombia). F. Thick white undercoat with longer darker hairs emerging, D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (La Cocha, Dept. Nari~ no, Colombia). G. Woolly hairs, left D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (or probable hybrid) with D. stuebelii, right (Molinopampa, Prov. Amazonas, Peru). H. Spreading soft hairs, undercoat weakly developed to absent, D. karsteniana var. spruceana. I–J. Adventitious buds I. Buds with small coiled-up croziers (dashed circles), at base of rotting petiole still attached to trunk (right), D. navarrensis (Colombia). J. Small plant from such a bud growing in root mantle of mother plant, D. navarrensis (Panama). All pictures © M. Lehnert except for C, © A. Tejedor.	FIG. 1. Important characters of Andean Dicksonia in the field. A–C. Trunk and leaf arrangement of plants growing outside the forest. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana, short trunks ca. 0.8 m tall, no skirt of old fronds (Anori, Dept. Antioquia, Colombia). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa, trunks ca. 1.7 m tall, with skirt of old fronds (La Cocha, Dept. Nar~ no, Colombia). C. Dicksonia stuebelii, trunks 2–3.6 m tall, fronds characteristically erect, dead fronds persisting but not forming skirt (Colan, Dept.Amazonas, Peru).D–I. Hairs on petioles.D.Spreading bristly hairs, D.lehnertiana (Yarumal, Dept.Antioquia, Colombia). E. Matted hairs, paler undercoat exposed by emerging adventitious buds, D. navarrensis (Dept. Caldas, Colombia). F. Thick white undercoat with longer darker hairs emerging, D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (La Cocha, Dept. Nari~ no, Colombia). G. Woolly hairs, left D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (or probable hybrid) with D. stuebelii, right (Molinopampa, Prov. Amazonas, Peru). H. Spreading soft hairs, undercoat weakly developed to absent, D. karsteniana var. spruceana. I–J. Adventitious buds I. Buds with small coiled-up croziers (dashed circles), at base of rotting petiole still attached to trunk (right), D. navarrensis (Colombia). J. Small plant from such a bud growing in root mantle of mother plant, D. navarrensis (Panama). All pictures © M. Lehnert except for C, © A. Tejedor.	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2FFFEFFF49FF34FA3F77DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483314	FIG. 5. Important characters of Neotropical Dicksonia. A. Dicksonia karsteniana var. karsteniana. (A1 from Lehnert 1000, GOET; A2, A4 from Mostacero and Castillo 275, UC, from locus classicus of the species; A3 from Delascio-Ch. 9063, UC). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa. (B1, B4 from Lehnert 2323, STU; B2 from Cumbicus et al. 457, STU). C. Dicksonia karsteniana var. spruceana. (C1, C2 from lectotype, Spruce 4728, K; C3, C4 from Quipuscoa et al. 2630, UC). D. Dicksonia navarrensis.(D1–D4 from Lehnert 3493 with Tejedor, BONN). A1–D1. Petioles, showing lower parts, either with spreading hairs (A1–C1) and varying undercoat (well developed in B1), or all hairs matted (D1). Lowest pinnae tapering, often reaching down to petiole base (A1), may be substituted for adventitious buds (D1). A2–D2. Pinnules, adaxially (not shown for B).Large ones (A2, D2) showing typical form with slightly asymmetric base, which may be more notable in smaller pinnules from pinna apex (C2). A3–D3. Sterile segments, abaxially. A4–D4. Fertile segments, abaxially.	FIG. 5. Important characters of Neotropical Dicksonia. A. Dicksonia karsteniana var. karsteniana. (A1 from Lehnert 1000, GOET; A2, A4 from Mostacero and Castillo 275, UC, from locus classicus of the species; A3 from Delascio-Ch. 9063, UC). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa. (B1, B4 from Lehnert 2323, STU; B2 from Cumbicus et al. 457, STU). C. Dicksonia karsteniana var. spruceana. (C1, C2 from lectotype, Spruce 4728, K; C3, C4 from Quipuscoa et al. 2630, UC). D. Dicksonia navarrensis.(D1–D4 from Lehnert 3493 with Tejedor, BONN). A1–D1. Petioles, showing lower parts, either with spreading hairs (A1–C1) and varying undercoat (well developed in B1), or all hairs matted (D1). Lowest pinnae tapering, often reaching down to petiole base (A1), may be substituted for adventitious buds (D1). A2–D2. Pinnules, adaxially (not shown for B).Large ones (A2, D2) showing typical form with slightly asymmetric base, which may be more notable in smaller pinnules from pinna apex (C2). A3–D3. Sterile segments, abaxially. A4–D4. Fertile segments, abaxially.	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2FFFEFFF49FF34FA3F77DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483316/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483316	FIG.6. Distribution of Dicksonia in South America. A. Dicksonia karsteniana (squares), D.sellowiana (dots). Inset: varieties of D. karsteniana, var. arachenosa (triangles), var. spruceana (asterisks). B. Dicksonia lehnertiana (crossed circle), D. navarrensis (triangles), D. stuebelii (stars; occurrence in northern Colombia).	FIG.6. Distribution of Dicksonia in South America. A. Dicksonia karsteniana (squares), D.sellowiana (dots). Inset: varieties of D. karsteniana, var. arachenosa (triangles), var. spruceana (asterisks). B. Dicksonia lehnertiana (crossed circle), D. navarrensis (triangles), D. stuebelii (stars; occurrence in northern Colombia).	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2DFFEEFC4BFC8CFEC970D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483306/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483306	FIG. 1. Important characters of Andean Dicksonia in the field. A–C. Trunk and leaf arrangement of plants growing outside the forest. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana, short trunks ca. 0.8 m tall, no skirt of old fronds (Anori, Dept. Antioquia, Colombia). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa, trunks ca. 1.7 m tall, with skirt of old fronds (La Cocha, Dept. Nar~ no, Colombia). C. Dicksonia stuebelii, trunks 2–3.6 m tall, fronds characteristically erect, dead fronds persisting but not forming skirt (Colan, Dept.Amazonas, Peru).D–I. Hairs on petioles.D.Spreading bristly hairs, D.lehnertiana (Yarumal, Dept.Antioquia, Colombia). E. Matted hairs, paler undercoat exposed by emerging adventitious buds, D. navarrensis (Dept. Caldas, Colombia). F. Thick white undercoat with longer darker hairs emerging, D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (La Cocha, Dept. Nari~ no, Colombia). G. Woolly hairs, left D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (or probable hybrid) with D. stuebelii, right (Molinopampa, Prov. Amazonas, Peru). H. Spreading soft hairs, undercoat weakly developed to absent, D. karsteniana var. spruceana. I–J. Adventitious buds I. Buds with small coiled-up croziers (dashed circles), at base of rotting petiole still attached to trunk (right), D. navarrensis (Colombia). J. Small plant from such a bud growing in root mantle of mother plant, D. navarrensis (Panama). All pictures © M. Lehnert except for C, © A. Tejedor.	FIG. 1. Important characters of Andean Dicksonia in the field. A–C. Trunk and leaf arrangement of plants growing outside the forest. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana, short trunks ca. 0.8 m tall, no skirt of old fronds (Anori, Dept. Antioquia, Colombia). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa, trunks ca. 1.7 m tall, with skirt of old fronds (La Cocha, Dept. Nar~ no, Colombia). C. Dicksonia stuebelii, trunks 2–3.6 m tall, fronds characteristically erect, dead fronds persisting but not forming skirt (Colan, Dept.Amazonas, Peru).D–I. Hairs on petioles.D.Spreading bristly hairs, D.lehnertiana (Yarumal, Dept.Antioquia, Colombia). E. Matted hairs, paler undercoat exposed by emerging adventitious buds, D. navarrensis (Dept. Caldas, Colombia). F. Thick white undercoat with longer darker hairs emerging, D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (La Cocha, Dept. Nari~ no, Colombia). G. Woolly hairs, left D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (or probable hybrid) with D. stuebelii, right (Molinopampa, Prov. Amazonas, Peru). H. Spreading soft hairs, undercoat weakly developed to absent, D. karsteniana var. spruceana. I–J. Adventitious buds I. Buds with small coiled-up croziers (dashed circles), at base of rotting petiole still attached to trunk (right), D. navarrensis (Colombia). J. Small plant from such a bud growing in root mantle of mother plant, D. navarrensis (Panama). All pictures © M. Lehnert except for C, © A. Tejedor.	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2DFFEEFC4BFC8CFEC970D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483314	FIG. 5. Important characters of Neotropical Dicksonia. A. Dicksonia karsteniana var. karsteniana. (A1 from Lehnert 1000, GOET; A2, A4 from Mostacero and Castillo 275, UC, from locus classicus of the species; A3 from Delascio-Ch. 9063, UC). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa. (B1, B4 from Lehnert 2323, STU; B2 from Cumbicus et al. 457, STU). C. Dicksonia karsteniana var. spruceana. (C1, C2 from lectotype, Spruce 4728, K; C3, C4 from Quipuscoa et al. 2630, UC). D. Dicksonia navarrensis.(D1–D4 from Lehnert 3493 with Tejedor, BONN). A1–D1. Petioles, showing lower parts, either with spreading hairs (A1–C1) and varying undercoat (well developed in B1), or all hairs matted (D1). Lowest pinnae tapering, often reaching down to petiole base (A1), may be substituted for adventitious buds (D1). A2–D2. Pinnules, adaxially (not shown for B).Large ones (A2, D2) showing typical form with slightly asymmetric base, which may be more notable in smaller pinnules from pinna apex (C2). A3–D3. Sterile segments, abaxially. A4–D4. Fertile segments, abaxially.	FIG. 5. Important characters of Neotropical Dicksonia. A. Dicksonia karsteniana var. karsteniana. (A1 from Lehnert 1000, GOET; A2, A4 from Mostacero and Castillo 275, UC, from locus classicus of the species; A3 from Delascio-Ch. 9063, UC). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa. (B1, B4 from Lehnert 2323, STU; B2 from Cumbicus et al. 457, STU). C. Dicksonia karsteniana var. spruceana. (C1, C2 from lectotype, Spruce 4728, K; C3, C4 from Quipuscoa et al. 2630, UC). D. Dicksonia navarrensis.(D1–D4 from Lehnert 3493 with Tejedor, BONN). A1–D1. Petioles, showing lower parts, either with spreading hairs (A1–C1) and varying undercoat (well developed in B1), or all hairs matted (D1). Lowest pinnae tapering, often reaching down to petiole base (A1), may be substituted for adventitious buds (D1). A2–D2. Pinnules, adaxially (not shown for B).Large ones (A2, D2) showing typical form with slightly asymmetric base, which may be more notable in smaller pinnules from pinna apex (C2). A3–D3. Sterile segments, abaxially. A4–D4. Fertile segments, abaxially.	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2DFFEEFC4BFC8CFEC970D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483316/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483316	FIG.6. Distribution of Dicksonia in South America. A. Dicksonia karsteniana (squares), D.sellowiana (dots). Inset: varieties of D. karsteniana, var. arachenosa (triangles), var. spruceana (asterisks). B. Dicksonia lehnertiana (crossed circle), D. navarrensis (triangles), D. stuebelii (stars; occurrence in northern Colombia).	FIG.6. Distribution of Dicksonia in South America. A. Dicksonia karsteniana (squares), D.sellowiana (dots). Inset: varieties of D. karsteniana, var. arachenosa (triangles), var. spruceana (asterisks). B. Dicksonia lehnertiana (crossed circle), D. navarrensis (triangles), D. stuebelii (stars; occurrence in northern Colombia).	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2CFFEEFF5DF992FAE87078.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483306/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483306	FIG. 1. Important characters of Andean Dicksonia in the field. A–C. Trunk and leaf arrangement of plants growing outside the forest. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana, short trunks ca. 0.8 m tall, no skirt of old fronds (Anori, Dept. Antioquia, Colombia). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa, trunks ca. 1.7 m tall, with skirt of old fronds (La Cocha, Dept. Nar~ no, Colombia). C. Dicksonia stuebelii, trunks 2–3.6 m tall, fronds characteristically erect, dead fronds persisting but not forming skirt (Colan, Dept.Amazonas, Peru).D–I. Hairs on petioles.D.Spreading bristly hairs, D.lehnertiana (Yarumal, Dept.Antioquia, Colombia). E. Matted hairs, paler undercoat exposed by emerging adventitious buds, D. navarrensis (Dept. Caldas, Colombia). F. Thick white undercoat with longer darker hairs emerging, D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (La Cocha, Dept. Nari~ no, Colombia). G. Woolly hairs, left D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (or probable hybrid) with D. stuebelii, right (Molinopampa, Prov. Amazonas, Peru). H. Spreading soft hairs, undercoat weakly developed to absent, D. karsteniana var. spruceana. I–J. Adventitious buds I. Buds with small coiled-up croziers (dashed circles), at base of rotting petiole still attached to trunk (right), D. navarrensis (Colombia). J. Small plant from such a bud growing in root mantle of mother plant, D. navarrensis (Panama). All pictures © M. Lehnert except for C, © A. Tejedor.	FIG. 1. Important characters of Andean Dicksonia in the field. A–C. Trunk and leaf arrangement of plants growing outside the forest. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana, short trunks ca. 0.8 m tall, no skirt of old fronds (Anori, Dept. Antioquia, Colombia). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa, trunks ca. 1.7 m tall, with skirt of old fronds (La Cocha, Dept. Nar~ no, Colombia). C. Dicksonia stuebelii, trunks 2–3.6 m tall, fronds characteristically erect, dead fronds persisting but not forming skirt (Colan, Dept.Amazonas, Peru).D–I. Hairs on petioles.D.Spreading bristly hairs, D.lehnertiana (Yarumal, Dept.Antioquia, Colombia). E. Matted hairs, paler undercoat exposed by emerging adventitious buds, D. navarrensis (Dept. Caldas, Colombia). F. Thick white undercoat with longer darker hairs emerging, D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (La Cocha, Dept. Nari~ no, Colombia). G. Woolly hairs, left D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (or probable hybrid) with D. stuebelii, right (Molinopampa, Prov. Amazonas, Peru). H. Spreading soft hairs, undercoat weakly developed to absent, D. karsteniana var. spruceana. I–J. Adventitious buds I. Buds with small coiled-up croziers (dashed circles), at base of rotting petiole still attached to trunk (right), D. navarrensis (Colombia). J. Small plant from such a bud growing in root mantle of mother plant, D. navarrensis (Panama). All pictures © M. Lehnert except for C, © A. Tejedor.	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2CFFEEFF5DF992FAE87078.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483314	FIG. 5. Important characters of Neotropical Dicksonia. A. Dicksonia karsteniana var. karsteniana. (A1 from Lehnert 1000, GOET; A2, A4 from Mostacero and Castillo 275, UC, from locus classicus of the species; A3 from Delascio-Ch. 9063, UC). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa. (B1, B4 from Lehnert 2323, STU; B2 from Cumbicus et al. 457, STU). C. Dicksonia karsteniana var. spruceana. (C1, C2 from lectotype, Spruce 4728, K; C3, C4 from Quipuscoa et al. 2630, UC). D. Dicksonia navarrensis.(D1–D4 from Lehnert 3493 with Tejedor, BONN). A1–D1. Petioles, showing lower parts, either with spreading hairs (A1–C1) and varying undercoat (well developed in B1), or all hairs matted (D1). Lowest pinnae tapering, often reaching down to petiole base (A1), may be substituted for adventitious buds (D1). A2–D2. Pinnules, adaxially (not shown for B).Large ones (A2, D2) showing typical form with slightly asymmetric base, which may be more notable in smaller pinnules from pinna apex (C2). A3–D3. Sterile segments, abaxially. A4–D4. Fertile segments, abaxially.	FIG. 5. Important characters of Neotropical Dicksonia. A. Dicksonia karsteniana var. karsteniana. (A1 from Lehnert 1000, GOET; A2, A4 from Mostacero and Castillo 275, UC, from locus classicus of the species; A3 from Delascio-Ch. 9063, UC). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa. (B1, B4 from Lehnert 2323, STU; B2 from Cumbicus et al. 457, STU). C. Dicksonia karsteniana var. spruceana. (C1, C2 from lectotype, Spruce 4728, K; C3, C4 from Quipuscoa et al. 2630, UC). D. Dicksonia navarrensis.(D1–D4 from Lehnert 3493 with Tejedor, BONN). A1–D1. Petioles, showing lower parts, either with spreading hairs (A1–C1) and varying undercoat (well developed in B1), or all hairs matted (D1). Lowest pinnae tapering, often reaching down to petiole base (A1), may be substituted for adventitious buds (D1). A2–D2. Pinnules, adaxially (not shown for B).Large ones (A2, D2) showing typical form with slightly asymmetric base, which may be more notable in smaller pinnules from pinna apex (C2). A3–D3. Sterile segments, abaxially. A4–D4. Fertile segments, abaxially.	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2CFFEEFF5DF992FAE87078.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483316/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483316	FIG.6. Distribution of Dicksonia in South America. A. Dicksonia karsteniana (squares), D.sellowiana (dots). Inset: varieties of D. karsteniana, var. arachenosa (triangles), var. spruceana (asterisks). B. Dicksonia lehnertiana (crossed circle), D. navarrensis (triangles), D. stuebelii (stars; occurrence in northern Colombia).	FIG.6. Distribution of Dicksonia in South America. A. Dicksonia karsteniana (squares), D.sellowiana (dots). Inset: varieties of D. karsteniana, var. arachenosa (triangles), var. spruceana (asterisks). B. Dicksonia lehnertiana (crossed circle), D. navarrensis (triangles), D. stuebelii (stars; occurrence in northern Colombia).	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2CFFE9FCE8FAF1FDB57708.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483306/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483306	FIG. 1. Important characters of Andean Dicksonia in the field. A–C. Trunk and leaf arrangement of plants growing outside the forest. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana, short trunks ca. 0.8 m tall, no skirt of old fronds (Anori, Dept. Antioquia, Colombia). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa, trunks ca. 1.7 m tall, with skirt of old fronds (La Cocha, Dept. Nar~ no, Colombia). C. Dicksonia stuebelii, trunks 2–3.6 m tall, fronds characteristically erect, dead fronds persisting but not forming skirt (Colan, Dept.Amazonas, Peru).D–I. Hairs on petioles.D.Spreading bristly hairs, D.lehnertiana (Yarumal, Dept.Antioquia, Colombia). E. Matted hairs, paler undercoat exposed by emerging adventitious buds, D. navarrensis (Dept. Caldas, Colombia). F. Thick white undercoat with longer darker hairs emerging, D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (La Cocha, Dept. Nari~ no, Colombia). G. Woolly hairs, left D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (or probable hybrid) with D. stuebelii, right (Molinopampa, Prov. Amazonas, Peru). H. Spreading soft hairs, undercoat weakly developed to absent, D. karsteniana var. spruceana. I–J. Adventitious buds I. Buds with small coiled-up croziers (dashed circles), at base of rotting petiole still attached to trunk (right), D. navarrensis (Colombia). J. Small plant from such a bud growing in root mantle of mother plant, D. navarrensis (Panama). All pictures © M. Lehnert except for C, © A. Tejedor.	FIG. 1. Important characters of Andean Dicksonia in the field. A–C. Trunk and leaf arrangement of plants growing outside the forest. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana, short trunks ca. 0.8 m tall, no skirt of old fronds (Anori, Dept. Antioquia, Colombia). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa, trunks ca. 1.7 m tall, with skirt of old fronds (La Cocha, Dept. Nar~ no, Colombia). C. Dicksonia stuebelii, trunks 2–3.6 m tall, fronds characteristically erect, dead fronds persisting but not forming skirt (Colan, Dept.Amazonas, Peru).D–I. Hairs on petioles.D.Spreading bristly hairs, D.lehnertiana (Yarumal, Dept.Antioquia, Colombia). E. Matted hairs, paler undercoat exposed by emerging adventitious buds, D. navarrensis (Dept. Caldas, Colombia). F. Thick white undercoat with longer darker hairs emerging, D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (La Cocha, Dept. Nari~ no, Colombia). G. Woolly hairs, left D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (or probable hybrid) with D. stuebelii, right (Molinopampa, Prov. Amazonas, Peru). H. Spreading soft hairs, undercoat weakly developed to absent, D. karsteniana var. spruceana. I–J. Adventitious buds I. Buds with small coiled-up croziers (dashed circles), at base of rotting petiole still attached to trunk (right), D. navarrensis (Colombia). J. Small plant from such a bud growing in root mantle of mother plant, D. navarrensis (Panama). All pictures © M. Lehnert except for C, © A. Tejedor.	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2CFFE9FCE8FAF1FDB57708.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483314	FIG. 5. Important characters of Neotropical Dicksonia. A. Dicksonia karsteniana var. karsteniana. (A1 from Lehnert 1000, GOET; A2, A4 from Mostacero and Castillo 275, UC, from locus classicus of the species; A3 from Delascio-Ch. 9063, UC). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa. (B1, B4 from Lehnert 2323, STU; B2 from Cumbicus et al. 457, STU). C. Dicksonia karsteniana var. spruceana. (C1, C2 from lectotype, Spruce 4728, K; C3, C4 from Quipuscoa et al. 2630, UC). D. Dicksonia navarrensis.(D1–D4 from Lehnert 3493 with Tejedor, BONN). A1–D1. Petioles, showing lower parts, either with spreading hairs (A1–C1) and varying undercoat (well developed in B1), or all hairs matted (D1). Lowest pinnae tapering, often reaching down to petiole base (A1), may be substituted for adventitious buds (D1). A2–D2. Pinnules, adaxially (not shown for B).Large ones (A2, D2) showing typical form with slightly asymmetric base, which may be more notable in smaller pinnules from pinna apex (C2). A3–D3. Sterile segments, abaxially. A4–D4. Fertile segments, abaxially.	FIG. 5. Important characters of Neotropical Dicksonia. A. Dicksonia karsteniana var. karsteniana. (A1 from Lehnert 1000, GOET; A2, A4 from Mostacero and Castillo 275, UC, from locus classicus of the species; A3 from Delascio-Ch. 9063, UC). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa. (B1, B4 from Lehnert 2323, STU; B2 from Cumbicus et al. 457, STU). C. Dicksonia karsteniana var. spruceana. (C1, C2 from lectotype, Spruce 4728, K; C3, C4 from Quipuscoa et al. 2630, UC). D. Dicksonia navarrensis.(D1–D4 from Lehnert 3493 with Tejedor, BONN). A1–D1. Petioles, showing lower parts, either with spreading hairs (A1–C1) and varying undercoat (well developed in B1), or all hairs matted (D1). Lowest pinnae tapering, often reaching down to petiole base (A1), may be substituted for adventitious buds (D1). A2–D2. Pinnules, adaxially (not shown for B).Large ones (A2, D2) showing typical form with slightly asymmetric base, which may be more notable in smaller pinnules from pinna apex (C2). A3–D3. Sterile segments, abaxially. A4–D4. Fertile segments, abaxially.	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2CFFE9FCE8FAF1FDB57708.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483316/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483316	FIG.6. Distribution of Dicksonia in South America. A. Dicksonia karsteniana (squares), D.sellowiana (dots). Inset: varieties of D. karsteniana, var. arachenosa (triangles), var. spruceana (asterisks). B. Dicksonia lehnertiana (crossed circle), D. navarrensis (triangles), D. stuebelii (stars; occurrence in northern Colombia).	FIG.6. Distribution of Dicksonia in South America. A. Dicksonia karsteniana (squares), D.sellowiana (dots). Inset: varieties of D. karsteniana, var. arachenosa (triangles), var. spruceana (asterisks). B. Dicksonia lehnertiana (crossed circle), D. navarrensis (triangles), D. stuebelii (stars; occurrence in northern Colombia).	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2BFFE9FF49FDACFAA37059.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483306/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483306	FIG. 1. Important characters of Andean Dicksonia in the field. A–C. Trunk and leaf arrangement of plants growing outside the forest. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana, short trunks ca. 0.8 m tall, no skirt of old fronds (Anori, Dept. Antioquia, Colombia). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa, trunks ca. 1.7 m tall, with skirt of old fronds (La Cocha, Dept. Nar~ no, Colombia). C. Dicksonia stuebelii, trunks 2–3.6 m tall, fronds characteristically erect, dead fronds persisting but not forming skirt (Colan, Dept.Amazonas, Peru).D–I. Hairs on petioles.D.Spreading bristly hairs, D.lehnertiana (Yarumal, Dept.Antioquia, Colombia). E. Matted hairs, paler undercoat exposed by emerging adventitious buds, D. navarrensis (Dept. Caldas, Colombia). F. Thick white undercoat with longer darker hairs emerging, D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (La Cocha, Dept. Nari~ no, Colombia). G. Woolly hairs, left D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (or probable hybrid) with D. stuebelii, right (Molinopampa, Prov. Amazonas, Peru). H. Spreading soft hairs, undercoat weakly developed to absent, D. karsteniana var. spruceana. I–J. Adventitious buds I. Buds with small coiled-up croziers (dashed circles), at base of rotting petiole still attached to trunk (right), D. navarrensis (Colombia). J. Small plant from such a bud growing in root mantle of mother plant, D. navarrensis (Panama). All pictures © M. Lehnert except for C, © A. Tejedor.	FIG. 1. Important characters of Andean Dicksonia in the field. A–C. Trunk and leaf arrangement of plants growing outside the forest. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana, short trunks ca. 0.8 m tall, no skirt of old fronds (Anori, Dept. Antioquia, Colombia). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa, trunks ca. 1.7 m tall, with skirt of old fronds (La Cocha, Dept. Nar~ no, Colombia). C. Dicksonia stuebelii, trunks 2–3.6 m tall, fronds characteristically erect, dead fronds persisting but not forming skirt (Colan, Dept.Amazonas, Peru).D–I. Hairs on petioles.D.Spreading bristly hairs, D.lehnertiana (Yarumal, Dept.Antioquia, Colombia). E. Matted hairs, paler undercoat exposed by emerging adventitious buds, D. navarrensis (Dept. Caldas, Colombia). F. Thick white undercoat with longer darker hairs emerging, D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (La Cocha, Dept. Nari~ no, Colombia). G. Woolly hairs, left D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (or probable hybrid) with D. stuebelii, right (Molinopampa, Prov. Amazonas, Peru). H. Spreading soft hairs, undercoat weakly developed to absent, D. karsteniana var. spruceana. I–J. Adventitious buds I. Buds with small coiled-up croziers (dashed circles), at base of rotting petiole still attached to trunk (right), D. navarrensis (Colombia). J. Small plant from such a bud growing in root mantle of mother plant, D. navarrensis (Panama). All pictures © M. Lehnert except for C, © A. Tejedor.	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2BFFE9FF49FDACFAA37059.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483318/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483318	FIG. 7. Important characters of Neotropical Dicksonia. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana. A1. Petiole. A2. Fertile pinnule, abaxially. (Lehnert 3019, BONN). B. Dicksonia stuebelii. B1. Petiole.B2. Fertile pinnule, abaxially (Sanchez 11111, UC). C.Dicksonia sellowiana. C1. Petiole, hairs only persisting near base (Hatschbach 43455, US). C2. Sterile pinnule, adaxially. C3. Immature fertile segments abaxially, with costae still covered in woolly undercoat. C4. Fertile segments abaxially, sori fully developed. D. Dicksonia antarctica. D1. Crozier, showing easily abraded woolly undercoat. D2. Fertile segments abaxially, with glabrescent costae and costules. (C2–C4, D: from living plant at Botanic Garden Bonn).	FIG. 7. Important characters of Neotropical Dicksonia. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana. A1. Petiole. A2. Fertile pinnule, abaxially. (Lehnert 3019, BONN). B. Dicksonia stuebelii. B1. Petiole.B2. Fertile pinnule, abaxially (Sanchez 11111, UC). C.Dicksonia sellowiana. C1. Petiole, hairs only persisting near base (Hatschbach 43455, US). C2. Sterile pinnule, adaxially. C3. Immature fertile segments abaxially, with costae still covered in woolly undercoat. C4. Fertile segments abaxially, sori fully developed. D. Dicksonia antarctica. D1. Crozier, showing easily abraded woolly undercoat. D2. Fertile segments abaxially, with glabrescent costae and costules. (C2–C4, D: from living plant at Botanic Garden Bonn).	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2BFFE9FF49FDACFAA37059.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483316/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483316	FIG.6. Distribution of Dicksonia in South America. A. Dicksonia karsteniana (squares), D.sellowiana (dots). Inset: varieties of D. karsteniana, var. arachenosa (triangles), var. spruceana (asterisks). B. Dicksonia lehnertiana (crossed circle), D. navarrensis (triangles), D. stuebelii (stars; occurrence in northern Colombia).	FIG.6. Distribution of Dicksonia in South America. A. Dicksonia karsteniana (squares), D.sellowiana (dots). Inset: varieties of D. karsteniana, var. arachenosa (triangles), var. spruceana (asterisks). B. Dicksonia lehnertiana (crossed circle), D. navarrensis (triangles), D. stuebelii (stars; occurrence in northern Colombia).	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2BFFEAFC84FA11FEB17745.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483306/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483306	FIG. 1. Important characters of Andean Dicksonia in the field. A–C. Trunk and leaf arrangement of plants growing outside the forest. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana, short trunks ca. 0.8 m tall, no skirt of old fronds (Anori, Dept. Antioquia, Colombia). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa, trunks ca. 1.7 m tall, with skirt of old fronds (La Cocha, Dept. Nar~ no, Colombia). C. Dicksonia stuebelii, trunks 2–3.6 m tall, fronds characteristically erect, dead fronds persisting but not forming skirt (Colan, Dept.Amazonas, Peru).D–I. Hairs on petioles.D.Spreading bristly hairs, D.lehnertiana (Yarumal, Dept.Antioquia, Colombia). E. Matted hairs, paler undercoat exposed by emerging adventitious buds, D. navarrensis (Dept. Caldas, Colombia). F. Thick white undercoat with longer darker hairs emerging, D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (La Cocha, Dept. Nari~ no, Colombia). G. Woolly hairs, left D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (or probable hybrid) with D. stuebelii, right (Molinopampa, Prov. Amazonas, Peru). H. Spreading soft hairs, undercoat weakly developed to absent, D. karsteniana var. spruceana. I–J. Adventitious buds I. Buds with small coiled-up croziers (dashed circles), at base of rotting petiole still attached to trunk (right), D. navarrensis (Colombia). J. Small plant from such a bud growing in root mantle of mother plant, D. navarrensis (Panama). All pictures © M. Lehnert except for C, © A. Tejedor.	FIG. 1. Important characters of Andean Dicksonia in the field. A–C. Trunk and leaf arrangement of plants growing outside the forest. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana, short trunks ca. 0.8 m tall, no skirt of old fronds (Anori, Dept. Antioquia, Colombia). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa, trunks ca. 1.7 m tall, with skirt of old fronds (La Cocha, Dept. Nar~ no, Colombia). C. Dicksonia stuebelii, trunks 2–3.6 m tall, fronds characteristically erect, dead fronds persisting but not forming skirt (Colan, Dept.Amazonas, Peru).D–I. Hairs on petioles.D.Spreading bristly hairs, D.lehnertiana (Yarumal, Dept.Antioquia, Colombia). E. Matted hairs, paler undercoat exposed by emerging adventitious buds, D. navarrensis (Dept. Caldas, Colombia). F. Thick white undercoat with longer darker hairs emerging, D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (La Cocha, Dept. Nari~ no, Colombia). G. Woolly hairs, left D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (or probable hybrid) with D. stuebelii, right (Molinopampa, Prov. Amazonas, Peru). H. Spreading soft hairs, undercoat weakly developed to absent, D. karsteniana var. spruceana. I–J. Adventitious buds I. Buds with small coiled-up croziers (dashed circles), at base of rotting petiole still attached to trunk (right), D. navarrensis (Colombia). J. Small plant from such a bud growing in root mantle of mother plant, D. navarrensis (Panama). All pictures © M. Lehnert except for C, © A. Tejedor.	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2BFFEAFC84FA11FEB17745.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483314/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483314	FIG. 5. Important characters of Neotropical Dicksonia. A. Dicksonia karsteniana var. karsteniana. (A1 from Lehnert 1000, GOET; A2, A4 from Mostacero and Castillo 275, UC, from locus classicus of the species; A3 from Delascio-Ch. 9063, UC). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa. (B1, B4 from Lehnert 2323, STU; B2 from Cumbicus et al. 457, STU). C. Dicksonia karsteniana var. spruceana. (C1, C2 from lectotype, Spruce 4728, K; C3, C4 from Quipuscoa et al. 2630, UC). D. Dicksonia navarrensis.(D1–D4 from Lehnert 3493 with Tejedor, BONN). A1–D1. Petioles, showing lower parts, either with spreading hairs (A1–C1) and varying undercoat (well developed in B1), or all hairs matted (D1). Lowest pinnae tapering, often reaching down to petiole base (A1), may be substituted for adventitious buds (D1). A2–D2. Pinnules, adaxially (not shown for B).Large ones (A2, D2) showing typical form with slightly asymmetric base, which may be more notable in smaller pinnules from pinna apex (C2). A3–D3. Sterile segments, abaxially. A4–D4. Fertile segments, abaxially.	FIG. 5. Important characters of Neotropical Dicksonia. A. Dicksonia karsteniana var. karsteniana. (A1 from Lehnert 1000, GOET; A2, A4 from Mostacero and Castillo 275, UC, from locus classicus of the species; A3 from Delascio-Ch. 9063, UC). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa. (B1, B4 from Lehnert 2323, STU; B2 from Cumbicus et al. 457, STU). C. Dicksonia karsteniana var. spruceana. (C1, C2 from lectotype, Spruce 4728, K; C3, C4 from Quipuscoa et al. 2630, UC). D. Dicksonia navarrensis.(D1–D4 from Lehnert 3493 with Tejedor, BONN). A1–D1. Petioles, showing lower parts, either with spreading hairs (A1–C1) and varying undercoat (well developed in B1), or all hairs matted (D1). Lowest pinnae tapering, often reaching down to petiole base (A1), may be substituted for adventitious buds (D1). A2–D2. Pinnules, adaxially (not shown for B).Large ones (A2, D2) showing typical form with slightly asymmetric base, which may be more notable in smaller pinnules from pinna apex (C2). A3–D3. Sterile segments, abaxially. A4–D4. Fertile segments, abaxially.	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE2BFFEAFC84FA11FEB17745.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483316/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483316	FIG.6. Distribution of Dicksonia in South America. A. Dicksonia karsteniana (squares), D.sellowiana (dots). Inset: varieties of D. karsteniana, var. arachenosa (triangles), var. spruceana (asterisks). B. Dicksonia lehnertiana (crossed circle), D. navarrensis (triangles), D. stuebelii (stars; occurrence in northern Colombia).	FIG.6. Distribution of Dicksonia in South America. A. Dicksonia karsteniana (squares), D.sellowiana (dots). Inset: varieties of D. karsteniana, var. arachenosa (triangles), var. spruceana (asterisks). B. Dicksonia lehnertiana (crossed circle), D. navarrensis (triangles), D. stuebelii (stars; occurrence in northern Colombia).	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE28FFEAFF5DFD16FB7872E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483318/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483318	FIG. 7. Important characters of Neotropical Dicksonia. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana. A1. Petiole. A2. Fertile pinnule, abaxially. (Lehnert 3019, BONN). B. Dicksonia stuebelii. B1. Petiole.B2. Fertile pinnule, abaxially (Sanchez 11111, UC). C.Dicksonia sellowiana. C1. Petiole, hairs only persisting near base (Hatschbach 43455, US). C2. Sterile pinnule, adaxially. C3. Immature fertile segments abaxially, with costae still covered in woolly undercoat. C4. Fertile segments abaxially, sori fully developed. D. Dicksonia antarctica. D1. Crozier, showing easily abraded woolly undercoat. D2. Fertile segments abaxially, with glabrescent costae and costules. (C2–C4, D: from living plant at Botanic Garden Bonn).	FIG. 7. Important characters of Neotropical Dicksonia. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana. A1. Petiole. A2. Fertile pinnule, abaxially. (Lehnert 3019, BONN). B. Dicksonia stuebelii. B1. Petiole.B2. Fertile pinnule, abaxially (Sanchez 11111, UC). C.Dicksonia sellowiana. C1. Petiole, hairs only persisting near base (Hatschbach 43455, US). C2. Sterile pinnule, adaxially. C3. Immature fertile segments abaxially, with costae still covered in woolly undercoat. C4. Fertile segments abaxially, sori fully developed. D. Dicksonia antarctica. D1. Crozier, showing easily abraded woolly undercoat. D2. Fertile segments abaxially, with glabrescent costae and costules. (C2–C4, D: from living plant at Botanic Garden Bonn).	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE28FFEAFF5DFD16FB7872E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483316/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483316	FIG.6. Distribution of Dicksonia in South America. A. Dicksonia karsteniana (squares), D.sellowiana (dots). Inset: varieties of D. karsteniana, var. arachenosa (triangles), var. spruceana (asterisks). B. Dicksonia lehnertiana (crossed circle), D. navarrensis (triangles), D. stuebelii (stars; occurrence in northern Colombia).	FIG.6. Distribution of Dicksonia in South America. A. Dicksonia karsteniana (squares), D.sellowiana (dots). Inset: varieties of D. karsteniana, var. arachenosa (triangles), var. spruceana (asterisks). B. Dicksonia lehnertiana (crossed circle), D. navarrensis (triangles), D. stuebelii (stars; occurrence in northern Colombia).	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE37FFF5FF49FF0BFAD571AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483306/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483306	FIG. 1. Important characters of Andean Dicksonia in the field. A–C. Trunk and leaf arrangement of plants growing outside the forest. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana, short trunks ca. 0.8 m tall, no skirt of old fronds (Anori, Dept. Antioquia, Colombia). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa, trunks ca. 1.7 m tall, with skirt of old fronds (La Cocha, Dept. Nar~ no, Colombia). C. Dicksonia stuebelii, trunks 2–3.6 m tall, fronds characteristically erect, dead fronds persisting but not forming skirt (Colan, Dept.Amazonas, Peru).D–I. Hairs on petioles.D.Spreading bristly hairs, D.lehnertiana (Yarumal, Dept.Antioquia, Colombia). E. Matted hairs, paler undercoat exposed by emerging adventitious buds, D. navarrensis (Dept. Caldas, Colombia). F. Thick white undercoat with longer darker hairs emerging, D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (La Cocha, Dept. Nari~ no, Colombia). G. Woolly hairs, left D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (or probable hybrid) with D. stuebelii, right (Molinopampa, Prov. Amazonas, Peru). H. Spreading soft hairs, undercoat weakly developed to absent, D. karsteniana var. spruceana. I–J. Adventitious buds I. Buds with small coiled-up croziers (dashed circles), at base of rotting petiole still attached to trunk (right), D. navarrensis (Colombia). J. Small plant from such a bud growing in root mantle of mother plant, D. navarrensis (Panama). All pictures © M. Lehnert except for C, © A. Tejedor.	FIG. 1. Important characters of Andean Dicksonia in the field. A–C. Trunk and leaf arrangement of plants growing outside the forest. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana, short trunks ca. 0.8 m tall, no skirt of old fronds (Anori, Dept. Antioquia, Colombia). B. Dicksonia karsteniana var. arachneosa, trunks ca. 1.7 m tall, with skirt of old fronds (La Cocha, Dept. Nar~ no, Colombia). C. Dicksonia stuebelii, trunks 2–3.6 m tall, fronds characteristically erect, dead fronds persisting but not forming skirt (Colan, Dept.Amazonas, Peru).D–I. Hairs on petioles.D.Spreading bristly hairs, D.lehnertiana (Yarumal, Dept.Antioquia, Colombia). E. Matted hairs, paler undercoat exposed by emerging adventitious buds, D. navarrensis (Dept. Caldas, Colombia). F. Thick white undercoat with longer darker hairs emerging, D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (La Cocha, Dept. Nari~ no, Colombia). G. Woolly hairs, left D. karsteniana var. arachneosa (or probable hybrid) with D. stuebelii, right (Molinopampa, Prov. Amazonas, Peru). H. Spreading soft hairs, undercoat weakly developed to absent, D. karsteniana var. spruceana. I–J. Adventitious buds I. Buds with small coiled-up croziers (dashed circles), at base of rotting petiole still attached to trunk (right), D. navarrensis (Colombia). J. Small plant from such a bud growing in root mantle of mother plant, D. navarrensis (Panama). All pictures © M. Lehnert except for C, © A. Tejedor.	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE37FFF5FF49FF0BFAD571AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483318/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483318	FIG. 7. Important characters of Neotropical Dicksonia. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana. A1. Petiole. A2. Fertile pinnule, abaxially. (Lehnert 3019, BONN). B. Dicksonia stuebelii. B1. Petiole.B2. Fertile pinnule, abaxially (Sanchez 11111, UC). C.Dicksonia sellowiana. C1. Petiole, hairs only persisting near base (Hatschbach 43455, US). C2. Sterile pinnule, adaxially. C3. Immature fertile segments abaxially, with costae still covered in woolly undercoat. C4. Fertile segments abaxially, sori fully developed. D. Dicksonia antarctica. D1. Crozier, showing easily abraded woolly undercoat. D2. Fertile segments abaxially, with glabrescent costae and costules. (C2–C4, D: from living plant at Botanic Garden Bonn).	FIG. 7. Important characters of Neotropical Dicksonia. A. Dicksonia lehnertiana. A1. Petiole. A2. Fertile pinnule, abaxially. (Lehnert 3019, BONN). B. Dicksonia stuebelii. B1. Petiole.B2. Fertile pinnule, abaxially (Sanchez 11111, UC). C.Dicksonia sellowiana. C1. Petiole, hairs only persisting near base (Hatschbach 43455, US). C2. Sterile pinnule, adaxially. C3. Immature fertile segments abaxially, with costae still covered in woolly undercoat. C4. Fertile segments abaxially, sori fully developed. D. Dicksonia antarctica. D1. Crozier, showing easily abraded woolly undercoat. D2. Fertile segments abaxially, with glabrescent costae and costules. (C2–C4, D: from living plant at Botanic Garden Bonn).	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
03BC831EBE37FFF5FF49FF0BFAD571AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/15483316/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15483316	FIG.6. Distribution of Dicksonia in South America. A. Dicksonia karsteniana (squares), D.sellowiana (dots). Inset: varieties of D. karsteniana, var. arachenosa (triangles), var. spruceana (asterisks). B. Dicksonia lehnertiana (crossed circle), D. navarrensis (triangles), D. stuebelii (stars; occurrence in northern Colombia).	FIG.6. Distribution of Dicksonia in South America. A. Dicksonia karsteniana (squares), D.sellowiana (dots). Inset: varieties of D. karsteniana, var. arachenosa (triangles), var. spruceana (asterisks). B. Dicksonia lehnertiana (crossed circle), D. navarrensis (triangles), D. stuebelii (stars; occurrence in northern Colombia).	2018-11-28	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus		Zenodo	biologists	Noben, Sarah;Kessler, Michael;Weigand, Anna;Tejedor, Adrian;Rodr´, Wilson D.;Gallego, Luis Fernando Giraldo;Lehnert, Marcus			
