identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03BA8476FFE87806FF3EFC16765E5C81.text	03BA8476FFE87806FF3EFC16765E5C81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinoennea Kobelt 1904	<div><p>Genus Sinoennea Kobelt, 1904</p><p>Type species: Pupa strophiodes Gredler, 1881, by original designation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA8476FFE87806FF3EFC16765E5C81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xiang, Hong Quan;Lu, Yi Zhi;He, Yue Ming;Chen, Hui	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFE87805FF3EFC7376CE5AE5.text	03BA8476FFE87805FF3EFC7376CE5AE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinoennea fengshiyangi Xiang, He, Lu & Chen 2025	<div><p>Sinoennea fengshiyangi Xiang, He, Lu &amp; Chen, sp. nov.</p><p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B9E09A49-2895-43F1-B07B-6E1DEFC915BC</p><p>Fig. 1 A–J</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: NCUXLB 25040101, shell height 7.0 mm (a broken shell) (Fig. 1 A– E). Yuanjiang County [元江县], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.57" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.05/lat 23.57)">Yuxi City</a> [玉※市], Yunnan Province, China, 23.57°N, 102.05°E, April 2025, collected by Yue-Ming He and Hong-Quan Xiang.</p><p>Paratypes: 2 specimens (entire shells) (Fig. 1 F–I), NCUXLB 25040102, 03, shell height 6.8, 6.9 mm, April 2025, locality and habitat same as holotype.</p><p>Diagnosis. Shell small, cylindrical, with oval aperture, parietal callus smeared onto last whorl, four apertural barriers, umbilicus narrow.</p><p>Description. Shell small, cylindrical, apex domed, colourless, semi-transparent, consisting of 10–10.5 whorls. Protoconch consisting of 1.5–2 whorls,, glossy, almost smooth. shell surface with many weak ribs, 14–16 ribs per mm, ribs rather regularly spaced, individual ribs slightly curved. Ribs gradually become weaker (surface becomes smoother) towards the aperture, and as a result the surface of the last ca. 3 whorls is nearly smooth, glossy. Suture deep, whorls bulging. With oval aperture, umbilicus closed. Parietal callus not obvious, smeared onto preceding whorl. Apertural dentition 4-fold. Parietal lamella moderately developed, nearly straight. Its outer part is slightly bent towards the parietal denticle, its inner part slightly bent towards the columella. Sinulus oval and opens laterally. Palatal wall with two blunt, on the upper side not well-developed denticles, on the bottom side well-developed denticles that are situated close to each other. Columellar lamella (Fig. 1J) blunt, triangular, situated relatively deep. Outer lip and basal lip strongly thickened and expanded, reflected.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Although Sinoennea fengshiyangi sp. nov. shares characteristics of Parasionennea Chen and Páll-Gergely, 2020 (e.g., a poorly developed parietal callus smeared onto the preceding whorl) (Páll-Gergely et al. 2020), its oval aperture shape differs distinctly from the triangular aperture of Parasionennea species. Therefore, we classify it within Sinoennea . The new species is similar only to S. blanfordiana (Godwin-Austen, 1872) and S. fuchsi (Gredler, 1885) due to their similar shell shape (see Yen 1939, Páll-Gergely et al. 2020), but it can be easily distinguished from these two species by its shell surface with many weak ribs, a greater number of whorls, and the less obvious parietal callus.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after Shi-Yang Feng, a Chinese land snail enthusiast, who helped with our survey. We suggest the Chinese common name as "ñ氏华弯Dz".</p><p>Distribution and ecology. The species primarily inhabits the cactus forests in the dry and hot river valleys of Yuanjiang County (Fig. 3 D). Due to the extremely arid and hot conditions of the habitat, the roots of the cacti provide a relatively humid environment that helps the species survive in such a dry setting. In addition, the relatively humid environment attracts some other micro snails (such as species from the Diplommatinidae and Pupillidae families), providing food for this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA8476FFE87805FF3EFC7376CE5AE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xiang, Hong Quan;Lu, Yi Zhi;He, Yue Ming;Chen, Hui	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFEB7805FF3EF93D71A359BA.text	03BA8476FFEB7805FF3EF93D71A359BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arinia H. Adams & A. Adams 1856	<div><p>Genus Arinia H. Adams &amp; A. Adams, 1856</p><p>Type species: Cyclostoma minus G. B. Sowerby I, 1843, by monotypy.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA8476FFEB7805FF3EF93D71A359BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xiang, Hong Quan;Lu, Yi Zhi;He, Yue Ming;Chen, Hui	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFEB7801FF3EF89A71B05D25.text	03BA8476FFEB7801FF3EF89A71B05D25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arinia zangke Xiang, He, Lu & Chen 2025	<div><p>Arinia zangke Xiang, He, Lu &amp; Chen, sp. nov.</p><p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 62BE5BE2-8D9C-4909-88C3-F4C1202EAD27</p><p>Fig. 2 A–K</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: NCUXLB 25040201, shell height 4.0 mm (Fig. 2 A–B). Guiding County [OiOE县], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.22&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.63" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.22/lat 26.63)">Qiannan Buyi</a> and Miao Autonomous Prefecture [Ŕ 南布IJdzaedzh治州], Guizhou Province, China, 26.63°N, 107.22°E, April 2025, collected by Xiao-Bo Qian.</p><p>Paratypes: 2 specimens, NCUXLB 25040202, 03, shell height 4.2–4.5 mm (Fig. 2 C–I), April 2025, locality and habitat same as holotype.</p><p>Diagnosis. Shell small, ovoid, apex domed. Shell color white. Spiny projections of the ribs high, slender, trough-shaped, folded almost horizontally, ribs above the aperture abruptly becoming very low and very closely spaced. Peristome double, the inner peristome, slightly protruding, the outer peristome is strongly expanded, but not reflected.</p><p>Description. Shell small, ovoid, apex domed, last whorl widest when removing the expanded ribs and peristomes. Shell color white. Whorls 6–6.5, slightly convex. Last 1/8 whorls (including interspace between the outer and inner peristomes) expanded upward and ascending onto the penultimate whorl in right lateral view. Last whorl distinctly keeled at the base, reinforced by spiny ribs. Suture impressed. Protoconch consisting of 1.5 whorls, glossy, almost smooth. Axial ribs developed on the teleoconch, strongly developed as spines on most whorls; ribs on the whorls (except above the aperture) highly protruded, ribs on first 1/4 whorls of the teleoconch low, closely spaced, folded at the periphery as little spines; ribs on the subsequent whorls (except above the aperture) highly protruded and strongly folded at the periphery as spines, widely spaced (3 ribs per mm), not synchronized with those on the previous whorls; upper margin of the ribs above the spiny projection (between the suture and spines) distinct, prominently protruded (particularly below the suture on upper whorls); spiny projections of the ribs high, trough-shaped, folded almost horizontally, slightly wider, arising at some distance below the suture (arising near periphery of a whorl), ribs above the aperture (ribs on the last 1+1/8 to last 3/4 whorls around the constriction) abruptly becoming very low and very closely spaced, without spiny projections, becoming less folded at the periphery, slightly elevated just below the suture. Aperture oval. Peristome double, the inner peristome, slightly protruding, not sharp, the outer peristome is strongly expanded, but not reflected; upper insertion of the peristome distinctly ascending towards aperture; aperture without columellar lamella, a short columellar lamella from ventrolateral right inside the last whorl (Fig. 2J); with a short parietal lamella from lateral right to ventrolateral right inside the last whorl (Fig. 2K). Umbilicus closed in adult. Operculum unknown.</p><p>Differential diagnosis. This species can be easily distinguished from all species of the genus by the features of a domed apex and a shell surface with developed, thin, and sharp single-humped ribs. Additionally, it can be differentiated from species of the genus Sinoarinia due to the absence of the characteristic strongly ascending last whorl, which partially covers the penultimate whorl.</p><p>Etymology. The species name "zangke " comes from an ancient term used in Guizhou. We suggest the Chinese common name as "牂牁DDZDz".</p><p>Distribution and ecology. The species lives on slopes with dense forests in the region and prefers to concentrate near stones under the fallen leaves in the forest (Fig. 3 A–C).</p><p>Discussion</p><p>The genus Arinia H. Adams &amp; A. Adams, 1856 is a widely distributed across Southeast Asia (Zilch 1953; Vermeulen 1996; Vermeulen et al. 2007; Páll-Gergely and Hunyadi 2018). In previous studies, some scholars assigned certain China and Vietnam species to the genus Sinoarinia Chen &amp; Wu, 2020, which shares similarities with Arinia (Chen and Wu 2020) . However, based on morphological comparisons, the new species described herein belong to the Arinia genus. As for Sinoennea fengshiyangi sp. nov., it may represent the longest recorded Sinoennea species in China and occupies a unique habitat. It has only been found in the dry, hot river valley of Yuanjiang County. This species exhibits a distinctive microhabitat preference, inhabiting roots systems of cacti along valley slopes. Notably, the researchers in this study do not consider these cacti to be native (at least most are nonnative), as cactus cultivation fields occur nearby, where locals plant and harvest species such as dragon fruit for sale. Some cacti in the valley were likely dispersed by birds feeding on fruits from surrounding areas. Historically, the valley supported scattered native shrublands, and prior to the arrival of cacti, these snails probably depended primarily on these shrubs for survival. After cacti became established, their superior water retention capacity made them favorable microhabitats, prompting the snails to colonize them. The discovery of these two new species contributes to a better understanding of the biodiversity in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region.</p><p>Acknowledgments</p><p>We sincerely thank the editor, Dr. Vladimir Pešić, for his guidance throughout the review process, and Dr. Barna Páll-Gergely for their constructive feedback, which significantly improved the quality of this manuscript.</p><p>References</p><p>Chen, Z.Y., Páll-Gergely, B. (2020) First Record of Diaphera Albers, 1850 (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Diapheridae) from China. Journal of Conchology, 43 (6), 637–640.</p><p>Chen, Z.Y., Wu, M. (2020) Two new cyclophoroid species from Hubei, China, with proposal of a new genus (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Diplommatinidae and Alycaeidae). ZooKeys, 935, 37– 46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.935.51414</p><p>Neubert, E., Bouchet, P. (2015) The Diplommatinidae of Fiji–a hotspot of Pacific land snail biodiversity (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoroidea). ZooKeys, 487, 1–85.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.487.8463</p><p>Páll-Gergely, B., Hunyadi, A. (2018) Four new cyclophoroid species from Thailand and Laos (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Alycaeidae, Diplommatinidae, Pupinidae). Zoosystema, 40 (3), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a3</p><p>Páll-Gergely, B., Hunyadi, A., Sáng, Đ ức Đỗ, Naggs, F., Asami, T. (2017) Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa, 4331 (1), 1–124. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1</p><p>Páll-Gergely, B., Hunyadi, A., Grego, J., Sajan, S.K., Tripathy, B., Chen, Z.Y. (2020) A review of the Diapheridae (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Streptaxoidea), with special emphasis on India and Myanmar. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 68, 682–718. https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2020-0083</p><p>Vermeulen, J.J. (1996) Notes on the non-marine molluscs of the island of Borneo 8, the genus Arinia; additions to the genera Diplommatina and Opisthostoma (Gastropoda Prosobranchia: Diplommatinidae). Basteria, 60 (4– 6), 87–138.</p><p>Vermeulen, J.J., Phung, L.C., Truong, Q.T. (2007) New species of terrestrial molluscs (Caenogastropoda, Pupinidae and Pulmonata, Vertiginidae) of the Hon Chong-Ha Tien limestone hills, Southern Vietnam. Basteria, 71 (1– 3), 81–92</p><p>Wang, P., Chen, Y.J., Zhou, W.C., Huang, C.C. (2015) A New Species of the Genus Sinoennea (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora, Diapheridae) from Xishuangbanna Tropical Rain Forest, Yunnan Province, China. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 34 (2), 208–210.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7083.2015.02.008</p><p>Xie, G.L., Zhang, G., Meng, K., Köhler, F. (2025) An illustrated type catalogue of Diplommatina Benson, 1849 from mainland China, with description of a new species, Diplommatina yipingica (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea). Zoosystematics and Evolution, 101 (2), 551–570.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.101.133434</p><p>Yen, T.C. (1939) Die chinesischen Land- und Süsswasser-Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 444, 1– 233, pls 1–16.</p><p>Zilch, A. (1953) Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 9: Mollusca, Cyclophoridae, Diplommatininae. Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 82 (1/ 3), 1–47.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BA8476FFEB7801FF3EF89A71B05D25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Xiang, Hong Quan;Lu, Yi Zhi;He, Yue Ming;Chen, Hui	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
