taxonID	type	description	language	source
03BA8476FFE87806FF3EFC16765E5C81.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Pupa strophiodes Gredler, 1881, by original designation.	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFE87805FF3EFC7376CE5AE5.taxon	description	Fig. 1 A – J	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFE87805FF3EFC7376CE5AE5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: NCUXLB 25040101, shell height 7.0 mm (a broken shell) (Fig. 1 A – E). Yuanjiang County [元江县], Yuxi City [玉 ※ 市], Yunnan Province, China, 23.57 ° N, 102.05 ° E, April 2025, collected by Yue-Ming He and Hong-Quan Xiang. Paratypes: 2 specimens (entire shells) (Fig. 1 F – I), NCUXLB 25040102, 03, shell height 6.8, 6.9 mm, April 2025, locality and habitat same as holotype.	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFE87805FF3EFC7376CE5AE5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Shell small, cylindrical, with oval aperture, parietal callus smeared onto last whorl, four apertural barriers, umbilicus narrow.	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFE87805FF3EFC7376CE5AE5.taxon	description	Description. Shell small, cylindrical, apex domed, colourless, semi-transparent, consisting of 10 – 10.5 whorls. Protoconch consisting of 1.5 – 2 whorls ,, glossy, almost smooth. shell surface with many weak ribs, 14 – 16 ribs per mm, ribs rather regularly spaced, individual ribs slightly curved. Ribs gradually become weaker (surface becomes smoother) towards the aperture, and as a result the surface of the last ca. 3 whorls is nearly smooth, glossy. Suture deep, whorls bulging. With oval aperture, umbilicus closed. Parietal callus not obvious, smeared onto preceding whorl. Apertural dentition 4 - fold. Parietal lamella moderately developed, nearly straight. Its outer part is slightly bent towards the parietal denticle, its inner part slightly bent towards the columella. Sinulus oval and opens laterally. Palatal wall with two blunt, on the upper side not well-developed denticles, on the bottom side well-developed denticles that are situated close to each other. Columellar lamella (Fig. 1 J) blunt, triangular, situated relatively deep. Outer lip and basal lip strongly thickened and expanded, reflected.	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFE87805FF3EFC7376CE5AE5.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Although Sinoennea fengshiyangi sp. nov. shares characteristics of Parasionennea Chen and Páll-Gergely, 2020 (e. g., a poorly developed parietal callus smeared onto the preceding whorl) (Páll-Gergely et al. 2020), its oval aperture shape differs distinctly from the triangular aperture of Parasionennea species. Therefore, we classify it within Sinoennea. The new species is similar only to S. blanfordiana (Godwin-Austen, 1872) and S. fuchsi (Gredler, 1885) due to their similar shell shape (see Yen 1939, Páll-Gergely et al. 2020), but it can be easily distinguished from these two species by its shell surface with many weak ribs, a greater number of whorls, and the less obvious parietal callus.	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFE87805FF3EFC7376CE5AE5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after Shi-Yang Feng, a Chinese land snail enthusiast, who helped with our survey. We suggest the Chinese common name as " ñ 氏华弯Dz ".	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFE87805FF3EFC7376CE5AE5.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. The species primarily inhabits the cactus forests in the dry and hot river valleys of Yuanjiang County (Fig. 3 D). Due to the extremely arid and hot conditions of the habitat, the roots of the cacti provide a relatively humid environment that helps the species survive in such a dry setting. In addition, the relatively humid environment attracts some other micro snails (such as species from the Diplommatinidae and Pupillidae families), providing food for this species.	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFEB7805FF3EF93D71A359BA.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Cyclostoma minus G. B. Sowerby I, 1843, by monotypy.	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFEB7801FF3EF89A71B05D25.taxon	description	Fig. 2 A – K	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFEB7801FF3EF89A71B05D25.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: NCUXLB 25040201, shell height 4.0 mm (Fig. 2 A – B). Guiding County [OiOE 县], Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture [Ŕ 南布IJdzaedzh治州], Guizhou Province, China, 26.63 ° N, 107.22 ° E, April 2025, collected by Xiao-Bo Qian. Paratypes: 2 specimens, NCUXLB 25040202, 03, shell height 4.2 – 4.5 mm (Fig. 2 C – I), April 2025, locality and habitat same as holotype.	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFEB7801FF3EF89A71B05D25.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Shell small, ovoid, apex domed. Shell color white. Spiny projections of the ribs high, slender, trough-shaped, folded almost horizontally, ribs above the aperture abruptly becoming very low and very closely spaced. Peristome double, the inner peristome, slightly protruding, the outer peristome is strongly expanded, but not reflected.	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFEB7801FF3EF89A71B05D25.taxon	description	Description. Shell small, ovoid, apex domed, last whorl widest when removing the expanded ribs and peristomes. Shell color white. Whorls 6 – 6.5, slightly convex. Last 1 / 8 whorls (including interspace between the outer and inner peristomes) expanded upward and ascending onto the penultimate whorl in right lateral view. Last whorl distinctly keeled at the base, reinforced by spiny ribs. Suture impressed. Protoconch consisting of 1.5 whorls, glossy, almost smooth. Axial ribs developed on the teleoconch, strongly developed as spines on most whorls; ribs on the whorls (except above the aperture) highly protruded, ribs on first 1 / 4 whorls of the teleoconch low, closely spaced, folded at the periphery as little spines; ribs on the subsequent whorls (except above the aperture) highly protruded and strongly folded at the periphery as spines, widely spaced (3 ribs per mm), not synchronized with those on the previous whorls; upper margin of the ribs above the spiny projection (between the suture and spines) distinct, prominently protruded (particularly below the suture on upper whorls); spiny projections of the ribs high, trough-shaped, folded almost horizontally, slightly wider, arising at some distance below the suture (arising near periphery of a whorl), ribs above the aperture (ribs on the last 1 + 1 / 8 to last 3 / 4 whorls around the constriction) abruptly becoming very low and very closely spaced, without spiny projections, becoming less folded at the periphery, slightly elevated just below the suture. Aperture oval. Peristome double, the inner peristome, slightly protruding, not sharp, the outer peristome is strongly expanded, but not reflected; upper insertion of the peristome distinctly ascending towards aperture; aperture without columellar lamella, a short columellar lamella from ventrolateral right inside the last whorl (Fig. 2 J); with a short parietal lamella from lateral right to ventrolateral right inside the last whorl (Fig. 2 K). Umbilicus closed in adult. Operculum unknown.	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFEB7801FF3EF89A71B05D25.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. This species can be easily distinguished from all species of the genus by the features of a domed apex and a shell surface with developed, thin, and sharp single-humped ribs. Additionally, it can be differentiated from species of the genus Sinoarinia due to the absence of the characteristic strongly ascending last whorl, which partially covers the penultimate whorl.	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFEB7801FF3EF89A71B05D25.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name " zangke " comes from an ancient term used in Guizhou. We suggest the Chinese common name as " 牂牁DDZDz ".	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFEB7801FF3EF89A71B05D25.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology. The species lives on slopes with dense forests in the region and prefers to concentrate near stones under the fallen leaves in the forest (Fig. 3 A – C).	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFEB7801FF3EF89A71B05D25.taxon	discussion	Discussion The genus Arinia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856 is a widely distributed across Southeast Asia (Zilch 1953; Vermeulen 1996; Vermeulen et al. 2007; Páll-Gergely and Hunyadi 2018). In previous studies, some scholars assigned certain China and Vietnam species to the genus Sinoarinia Chen & Wu, 2020, which shares similarities with Arinia (Chen and Wu 2020). However, based on morphological comparisons, the new species described herein belong to the Arinia genus. As for Sinoennea fengshiyangi sp. nov., it may represent the longest recorded Sinoennea species in China and occupies a unique habitat. It has only been found in the dry, hot river valley of Yuanjiang County. This species exhibits a distinctive microhabitat preference, inhabiting roots systems of cacti along valley slopes. Notably, the researchers in this study do not consider these cacti to be native (at least most are nonnative), as cactus cultivation fields occur nearby, where locals plant and harvest species such as dragon fruit for sale. Some cacti in the valley were likely dispersed by birds feeding on fruits from surrounding areas. Historically, the valley supported scattered native shrublands, and prior to the arrival of cacti, these snails probably depended primarily on these shrubs for survival. After cacti became established, their superior water retention capacity made them favorable microhabitats, prompting the snails to colonize them. The discovery of these two new species contributes to a better understanding of the biodiversity in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region. Acknowledgments We sincerely thank the editor, Dr. Vladimir Pešić, for his guidance throughout the review process, and Dr. Barna Páll-Gergely for their constructive feedback, which significantly improved the quality of this manuscript.	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
03BA8476FFEB7801FF3EF89A71B05D25.taxon	description	Neubert, E., Bouchet, P. (2015) The Diplommatinidae of Fiji – a hotspot of Pacific land snail biodiversity (Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoroidea). ZooKeys, 487, 1 – 85. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 487.8463 Páll-Gergely, B., Hunyadi, A. (2018) Four new cyclophoroid species from Thailand and Laos (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Alycaeidae, Diplommatinidae, Pupinidae). Zoosystema, 40 (3), 59 – 66. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / zoosystema 2018 v 40 a 3 Páll-Gergely, B., Hunyadi, A., Sáng, Đ ức Đ ỗ, Naggs, F., Asami, T. (2017) Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa, 4331 (1), 1 – 124. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4331.1.1 Páll-Gergely, B., Hunyadi, A., Grego, J., Sajan, S. K., Tripathy, B., Chen, Z. Y. (2020) A review of the Diapheridae (Gastropoda: Eupulmonata: Streptaxoidea), with special emphasis on India and Myanmar. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 68, 682 – 718. https: // doi. org / 10.26107 / RBZ- 2020 - 0083 Vermeulen, J. J. (1996) Notes on the non-marine molluscs of the island of Borneo 8, the genus Arinia; additions to the genera Diplommatina and Opisthostoma (Gastropoda Prosobranchia: Diplommatinidae). Basteria, 60 (4 – 6), 87 – 138. Vermeulen, J. J., Phung, L. C., Truong, Q. T. (2007) New species of terrestrial molluscs (Caenogastropoda, Pupinidae and Pulmonata, Vertiginidae) of the Hon Chong-Ha Tien limestone hills, Southern Vietnam. Basteria, 71 (1 – 3), 81 – 92 Wang, P., Chen, Y. J., Zhou, W. C., Huang, C. C. (2015) A New Species of the Genus Sinoennea (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora, Diapheridae) from Xishuangbanna Tropical Rain Forest, Yunnan Province, China. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 34 (2), 208 – 210. https: // doi. org / 10.3969 / j. issn. 1000 - 7083.2015.02.008 Xie, G. L., Zhang, G., Meng, K., Köhler, F. (2025) An illustrated type catalogue of Diplommatina Benson, 1849 from mainland China, with description of a new species, Diplommatina yipingica (Gastropoda, Cyclophoroidea). Zoosystematics and Evolution, 101 (2), 551 – 570. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zse. 101.133434 Yen, T. C. (1939) Die chinesischen Land- und Süsswasser-Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 444, 1 – 233, pls 1 – 16. Zilch, A. (1953) Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 9: Mollusca, Cyclophoridae, Diplommatininae. Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 82 (1 / 3), 1 – 47.	en	Xiang, Hong Quan, Lu, Yi Zhi, He, Yue Ming, Chen, Hui (2025): Two new species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from China. Ecologica Montenegrina 88: 215-221, DOI: 10.37828/em.2025.88.15, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2025.88.15
