taxonID	type	description	language	source
03B887A65F75FF91FC8D63BCFC60F983.taxon	description	(Fig. 2 A)	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F75FF91FC8D63BCFC60F983.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 4 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 1 – 3, 6.9 – 12.4 × 4.6 – 8.0, Jihuei, Taitung County, 4 – 6 May 2005; 2 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 4, 7.6 – 10.7 × 4.8 – 6.0, Shanfu, Liuqiu Township, Pingtung County, 4 May 2007; 4 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 5, 3.2 – 4.5 × 2.0 – 2.6, Wanlitong, Pingtung County, 16 December 2007; 3 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 6, 7.7 – 8.2 × 4.9 – 5.3, Wanlitong, Pingtung County, 13 May 2009; 2 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 7, 4.5 – 10.4 × 2.9 – 6.6, Jihuei, Taitung County, 17 October 2009; 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 8, 5.5 × 3.1, Jihuei, Taitung County, 9 October 2010; 2 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 9, 3.8 – 4.2 × 2.6 – 2.7, Jihuei, Taitung County, 27 September 2014; 3 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 10, 3.4 – 8.0 × 2.3 – 6.5, Jihuei, Taitung County, 29 April 2017. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific; Red Sea; Hawaii Islands (Serène 1984). Remarks: Actaeodes tomentosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) (Fig. 2 A) is commonly found in reef habitats in Taiwan. There are numerous reports noting the presence of this species in Taiwanese waters (Ng et al. 2017).	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F75FF97FC5564C7FD11FCA2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 ò, NMNS 8772 - 11, 4.1 × 2.5, Wanlitong, Pingtung County, 13 May 2009. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific; French Polynesia (Serène 1984; Poupin 1996). Remarks: The morphology of the present specimen (Fig. 2 C – G) matches key characters of Chlorodiella barbata (Borradaile, 1900) as described by Serène (1984: 257, fig. 170, pl. XXX VI A). Serène noted that this species can be easily distinguished from its congeners by the presence of a tuft of numerous setae on the external surface of the chelae at the articulation of the finger and a relatively simple, truncate tip of G 1. This is the first report of this species from Taiwan.	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F73FF97FEDF6107FA41FE97.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 12, 5.7 × 3.7, Shanfu, Liuqiu Township, Pingtung County, 24 October 2008; 1 ò 3 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 13, 8.4 – 11.0 × 5.3 – 6.6, Wanlitong, Pingtung County, 13 May 2009; 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 14, 7.2 × 4.4, Wanlitong, Pingtung County, 13 November 2009; 2 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 15 – 16, 3.5 – 5.2 × 2.4 – 3.2, Shadao, Hengchun Township, Pingtung County, coll. H. - T. Hung, 16 – 17 October, 2020. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific; Red Sea; Hawaii Islands; French Polynesia (Serène 1984; Poupin 1996). Remark: The morphology of the present specimens (Fig. 3 A, B, D, E) matches the description of Chlorodiella cytherea (Dana, 1852) (Dana 1852 b: 213 – 214). Ng et al. (2017: 87) cited Sasaki (1976) as the first report of Chl. cytherea from Taiwan. However, Serène (1984) noted Chl. laevissima, as reported by Miyake (1938), is a junior synonym of Chl. cytherea. Thus, Miyake (1938), rather than Sasaki (1976), should be considered the first report of this species from Taiwan.	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F73FF97FC72637CFB93FA23.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 17, 8.5 × 6.0, Linshanbi, Shihmen District, New Taipei City, 18 December 2011. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific; Hawaii Islands; French Polynesia (Serène 1984; Poupin 1996). Remarks: Chlorodiella nigra (Forskål, 1775) (Fig. 3 C) is commonly found in reef habitats in Taiwan. Numerous reports have noted the presence of this species along the coasts of eastern and southern Taiwan (Ng et al. 2017). This study reports the occurrence of this species in northern Taiwan, where the annual surface seawater temperature in January is over 5 ° C lower than that of eastern and southern Taiwan (Central Weather Bureau 2023).	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F73FF98FC166788FDA0F9B4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Holotype, NMNS 8772 - 18, ò, 8.9 × 6.2, Jihuei, Taitung County, 9 October 2010. Paratypes: 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 19, 6.6 × 4.2, Wanlitong, Pingtung County, 13 November 2009; 1 ò, NMNS 8772 - 20, 4.8 × 3.3, Jihuei, Taitung County, 7 October 2010; 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 21, 4.3 × 2.7, Jihuei, Taitung County, 27 September 2014; 1 ò 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 22 – 23, 7.2 – 9.6 × 4.6 – 6.2, Jihuei, Taitung County, 28 April 2017. Etymology: The name is derived from Taiwan, the island where the specimens were collected. Description: Holotype, carapace (Figs. 4 A, B, 6 A, B) transversely hexagonal, width about 1.44 length; dorsal surface granulate, covered with long and short simple light-colored setae; regions weakly defined. Front moderately convex, about 0.27 times carapace width, strongly deflexed ventrally, margin granulate; divided into two lobes by wide V-shaped notch, continuing posteriorly as shallow median groove on dorsal carapace. Anterolateral margin with anterolateral direct spinose teeth, separated by concave gaps; tooth 1 with 2 emergent spines, larger than supraorbital tooth, tooth 2 and 3 subequal in size, both with 2 large and 1 small anterolateral pointed spine, tooth 4 with 1 large spine and secondary spines. Posterolateral margin longer than anterolateral margin, slightly convex medially. Orbits (Figs. 4 A – C, 6 A, B) suboval, margins denticulate, supraorbital margin with 2 small notches medially; inner pre-frontal supraorbital and exorbital tooth weakly developed. Eyes well developed, eyestalks short, stout, corneas large. Antennular fossae transversely oval; antennules folding transversely. Basal antennal article with small lateral flange, entering less than halfway into orbital hiatus. Antennae freely entering orbital hiatus. Third maxillipeds (Figs. 4 C, D, 7 A) subrectangular, length to width ratio about 1.55; palp tapering distally, articles subcylindrical; merus subquadrate, length to width ratio about 0.55, anterolateral angle concave, anterior margin sinuous and granulate, few stout and simple setae; external surface with scattered granules; ischium subrectangular, about 2.58 times longer than merus, sulcate submedially, mesial margin cristate, serrated, lined with submarginal setae; exopod stout, external margin straight, internal margin denticulate, tapering slightly toward distal end, distal end concave. Thoracic sternum (Figs. 4 G, 7 B) margins cristate; sternites 1, 2 fused with low of transverse granules on suture; sternites 2, 3 separated by narrow, deep suture, margins smooth; sternites 3, 4 mostly fused, with remnants of suture only at lateral edges; sternite 4 with prominent median longitudinal line extending through entire exposed length, lateral margins slightly convex; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6 joining toward median longitudinal axis of thoracic sternum; small, central, triangular, non-calcified area present between sternites 6, 7 within sternopleonal cavity; press-button on anterior half of sternite 5. Chelipeds (Figs. 4 E, F, 6 C) subequal, moderately robust, external surfaces granulate covered with long and short simple, light-colored setae. Meri moderate long, distal end extending slightly beyond carapace anterolateral margin in dorsal view, upper margin unarmed, lower margin denticulate. Carpi rhombicshaped, covered with rows of granules. Palm external surface covered with row of granules. Fingers thick, tips hemi-cupuliform, pigmentation restricted to fingers; dactylus gently curved toward distal end, dorsal margin with 2 rows of granules proximally, 3 large teeth on cutting edge; pollex straight proximally, slightly curved upward distally, 3 or 4 large teeth on cutting edge. Ambulatory legs (Figs. 4 A, H, 6 D) flattened, broad, moderate in length, P 3, P 4 longest, P 5 shortest; surfaces entirely granulate, covered with long and short simple, light-colored setae; anterior margin of meri, carpi, propodi, dactyli denticulate; posterior margin of meri, propodi, dactyli denticulate; dactyli single-tipped. P 5 merus subrectangular, median length about 1.86 times greatest width; carpus curved, distal end distinctly wider than proximal end, median length about 1.11 times greatest width; propodus subrectangular, median length about 0.91 times greatest width; dactylus longer than propodus, stout proximally, tapering distally, terminating in robust, short chitinous claw with length 1.43 times greatest width. Pleon (Figs. 4 G, 7 C) moderate long relative to thoracic sternum, tip of telson reaching level slightly lower to sternal condyles of P 1 coxae; somite 1 trapezoidal with anterior margin strongly concave, somite 2 trapezoidal, as wide as somite 1 with anterior margin strongly concave and posterior margin strongly convex; somites 3 – 5 fused with residue sutures reaching 1 / 3 to median line, base of somite 3 widest, distal somites progressively narrower, combined lateral margin gently concave; somite 6 subquadrate, width about 1.56 times length, anterior margin slightly concave, lateral margins and posterior slightly sinuous; telson subtriangular, angles round, basal width about 1.71 times median length. G 1 (Figs. 5 A, B, 7 D – F) moderate in length, stout, distal half acutely bent lateroventrally with 5 long and 6 – 8 short, simple, subdistal setae, numerous short spines; distal tip lobe ovate with round-tipped. G 2 sigmoidal in shape, about one-third length of G 1. Female morphology: The immature female (Figs. 5 C, D, 7 G) is morphologically similar to the male in most body parts, except for the sexual characteristics. The pleon of the female is generally wider and more elongate-oval in shape compared to that of the male. The vulvae are oval, lack an operculum, and are located on the mesial fourth of sternite 5. Distribution: Known only from type locality and Wanlitong, Pingtung County. Remarks: The genus Cyclodius Dana, 1851 was synonymized as a junior name of Phymodius by A. Milne-Edwards (1863) but was resurrected by Davie (2002) and had been used since (Lasley et al. 2015: 173). The current recognized species within the genus include: Cyclodius drachi (Guinot, 1964), Cyc. granulatus (Targioni-Tozzetti, 1877), Cyc. granulosus de Man, 1888; Cyc. nitidus (Dana, 1852), Cyc. obscurus (Hombron and Jacquinot, 1846), Cyc. paumotensis (Rathbun, 1907), Cyc. perlatus (Nobili, 1905), and Cyc. ungulatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) (Lasley et al. 2015: 173). The present study introduces a new member to the genus. The present species exhibits a basal antennal article (Figs. 4 C, 6 B) similar to that of Cyclodius Dana, 1851, where the basal antennal article has a distolateral extension occluding less than half the length of the orbital hiatus (Serène 1984: 233; Ng and Yang 1998: 1693, fig. 5 B; Clark and Ng 1999: 354, 359, fig. 6 C, tabl. 1; Lai et al. 2011: 433; Lasley et al. 2015: 173, fig. S 5 B, D). Among known Cyclodius species, only Cyc. paumotensis (Rathbun, 1907) shares the characteristic of having the carapace and external surfaces of chelipeds covered in long and short simple, light-colored setae (Figs. 4 A, B. E, F, 5 C; Serène 1984: 233; Clark and Galil 1993: 1143, figs. 35 B, 43 A; Lasley et al. 2015: 173, fig. S 1 C). However, Cyc. taiwanensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from Cyc. paumotensis by: 1) weakly defined carapace regions (versus well-defined) (Figs. 4 A, B, 5 C; Serène 1984: 241, pl. XXXIII D; Clark and Galil 1993: 1145, fig. 35 B; Lasley et al. 2015: 173, fig. S 1 C); 2) an anterolateral margin without apical or accessary spines (versus with apical or accessory spines) (Figs. 4 A, B, 5 C; Serène 1984: 241, fig. 143 d; Clark and Galil 1993: 1145, fig. 10 A, 35 B; Lasley et al. 2015: 173, fig. S 1 C); 3) a greater basal width to median length ratio of the 6 th somite and telson (1.63 and 1.80 versus 1.34 and 1.34, respectively) (Figs. 4 G, 7 C; cf. Rathbun 1907: 52, pl. 2 b); and 4) the G 1 acutely bent subdistally with a round-tipped distal lobe (versus gently curved subdistally with a sharp distal lobe) (Figs. 5 A, B, 7 D – F; Serène 1984: 241, fig. 145; Clark and Galil 1993: 1143, fig. 10 D – G; Lasley et al. 2015: 173, fig. S 3 B). The G 1 structure is considered a reliable distinguishing characteristic among Cyclodius species (Lasley et al. 2015: 173). Although the G 1 form in Cyc. taiwanensis sp. nov. is unique within the genus, it shows some resemblance to that of Pilodius luomi Serène, 1971 (= Pilodius miersi (Ward, 1936 )), as described by Serène (1971: 914 – 914) (Figs. 5 A, B, 7 D – F; Serène and Van Luom 1959: 307, fig. 2 E, F; Serène 1971: 58; Serène 1984: 245, figs. 153 – 158; Clark and Galil 1993: 1136 – 1137; Lasley et al. 2023: 6, fig. 2). Both species exhibit a G 1 with a round-tipped distal lobe; however, Cyc. taiwanensis sp. nov. has a subdistally acutely bent G 1, an apical area without short spines, and few long, simple setae subapically; whereas P. luomi has a G 1 that gently curves subdistally, with an apical area featuring many short spines and numerous long, simple setae (Figs. 5 A, B, 7 D – F; Serène and Van Luom 1959: 307, fig. 2 E, F).	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F79FF9DFC6A663CFB4FF824.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 36, 4.1 × 2.8, Wanlitong, Pingtung County, 13 May 2009; 1 ò, NMNS 8772 - 37, 4.4 × 3.0, Shadao, Hengchun Township, Pingtung County, coll. H. - T. Hung, 16 October, 2020. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific; French Polynesia (Serène 1984; Poupin, 1996). Remarks: The morphology of the present specimens (Fig. 10 A – C) aligns with the diagnosis of L. scabricula (Dana, 1852) (Dana 1852 b: 221; Lasley et al. 2015: 174). Hsueh et al. (2009) documented the first record of this species in Taiwan from a specimen collected in Shihmen, northern Taiwan. The current findings indicate that this species is also present along the coasts of southern Taiwan.	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F66FF82FEDD63FCFEA7FBC3.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 40, 8.7 × 6.3, Shanfu, Liuqiu Township, Pingtung County, 18 November 2017. Distribution: Aldbra (Seychelles); Hikueru (French Polynesia); Jolo Sea (Philippines) (Guinot 1964); Xiao Liuqiu Island, southwestern Taiwan. Remarks: The morphology of the present specimen (Fig. 12 A, B) matches description of E. frontalis (Dana, 1852), characterized by similarly sized submedian and lateral lobules of the front and the black coloration of the fixed finger of the chelipeds extending slightly onto the palm (Guinot 1964 b: 51, 53, figs. 23, 26 – 27; Serène 1984: 224, pl. XXXI E). This species is reported for the first time from Taiwan.	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F66FF8BFEB66628FC77FD97.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 41, 5.2 × 3.6, Jialulan, Taitung County, coll. Y. - W. Tzeng, 23 July 2013. Description: Carapace (Fig. 13 A – C) transversely ovate, width to length ratio about 1.45, dorsal area slightly convex transversely, longitudinally; dorsal surface well covered by microscopic granules, except 3 M, 4 M, L, P, R regions, stout long setae scattered at anterior regions and lined with grooves of posterior regions; regions well defined, divided by wide, deep grooves; subhepatic, pterygostomial regions granulate, long setae scattered. Front strongly advanced, about 0.33 times as long as carapace width, slightly deflexed ventrally, margin granulate, outer angles well marked and separated by V-shaped notch from orbital rim; divided into 2 lobes by shallow V-shaped notch, continuing posteriorly as deep median groove on dorsal carapace, each lobe with 2 subequal lobules. Anterolateral margin convex, granulate, divided into 4 lobes, separated from each other by wide V-shaped notches; first lobe highest, gradually reducing in height thereafter; third lobe base widest, anterior margin slightly shorter than posterior; fourth lobe smallest, posterior margin continuous with carapace posterolateral margin. Posterolateral margin slightly longer than anterolateral margin, central region slightly concave. Orbits (Fig. 13 A – C) suboval, margins granulate, continuous; inner pre-supraorbital tooth prominent, supraorbital margin with low tooth adjacent to exorbital tooth, separated from pre-supraorbital tooth and from exorbital tooth by V-shaped notch; exorbital tooth sharply triangular. Eyes well developed, eyestalks short, stout, corneas large. Antennular fossae transversely oval; antennules folding transversely. Basal article of antenna short, triangular; flagellum freely entering orbital hiatus, long, tip far exceeding exorbital tooth. Third maxillipeds (Fig. 13 D) subrectangular, length to greatest width ratio about 2.22; palp tapering distally, articles subcylindrical; merus subquadrate, length to greatest width ratio about 0.67, anterolateral angle rounded, slightly projecting, anterior margin straight, cristate, granulate, stout setae scattered, external surface with patched granules, long, thin setae scattered; ischium subrectangular, about 1.83 times longer than merus, sulcate submedially, mesial margin cristate, serrated, lined with submarginal setae, external surface scattered with long setae; exopod stout, margins slightly convex, tapering slightly toward distal end, distal end slightly convex. Thoracic sternum margins cristate; sternites 1, 2 fused, external surface smooth; sternites 2, 3 and 3, 4 separated by deep and shallow sutures, respectively; sternite 4 with row of long setae at anterior margin, lateral margins clearly convex; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6 joining toward median longitudinal axis of thoracic sternum; vulvae oval, without operculum, located mesial third of sternite 5. Left cheliped (Fig. 13 E, F) moderately robust. Meri moderate long, distal end clearly extending beyond carapace anterolateral margin in dorsal view. Carpi dorsal margin granulate, subdistal end with large tubercle, internal distal angle with one row of 3 small spines. Palm dorsal margin granulate, with small tubercle proximally, external surface granules compacted, forming perpendicular lines or stripes, proximal end of lower margin with large acetabulum-like structure, distal end of lower margin with shallow groove extending anteriorly to middle of pollex. Finger thick, tips rounded; dactylus brownish in alcohol except distal end, dorsal margin with granulate submargin crests, forming longitudinal groove toward medial region of dorsal margin, distal area moderately recurved, external surface lower submargin with longitudinal shallow groove, extending two-thirds of dactylus from proximal end, three large teeth on proximal end of cutting edge, 2 thin, blade-like low teeth on distal end of cutting edge; pollex beige in alcohol, proximal end of cutting edge with 2 small, low teeth and 3 larger blunt teeth, distal end with 2 medium-sized low teeth. Ambulatory legs (Fig. 13 G) flattened, broad, moderate in length, P 2, P 3 longest, coxa-to-dactylus length about 0.94 times carapace width, P 5 shortest, coxa-to-dactylus length about 0.81 times carapace width; surfaces entirely smooth, anterior margin of meri spinose, anterior margin of carpi, propodi, dactyli granulate, anterior submargin of meri, carpi, propodi, dactyli lined with many short and long setae, posterior margin of meri, carpi smooth, submargin lined with short and long setae, posterior margins of propodi denticulate, submargin lined with short and long setae, posterior margins of dactyli spinose, with single large tubercle posterior to chitinous claw, single-tipped. P 5 merus subrectangular, median length about 1.54 times greatest width; carpus curved, distal end distinctly wider than proximal end, median length about 1.60 times greatest width; propodus subrectangular, median length about as long as greatest width; dactylus longer than propodus, stout proximally, tapering distally, terminating in sharp, short chitinous claw with length about 1.86 times greatest width. Pleon (Fig. 13 H) moderate long relative to thoracic sternum, tip of telson reaching anterior margin of sternite 4; somites 1, 2 trapezoidal, much wider than long; somites 3 – 5 subrectangular, not fused, subequal in width, combined lateral margin gently convex; somite 6 subrectangular, much wider than long, angles rounded, lateral margins convex; telson subtriangular, angles rounded, basal width about 1.5 times median length. Distribution: Known only from the coast of East Taiwan. Remarks: Interestingly, Etisus sp. A possesses an acetabulum-like structure on external, lower proximal margin of the propodus of the left chela (Fig. 13 F). This feature might be a scar from a previous injury. The morphology of Etisus sp. A is somewhat resembles that of E. anaglyptus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834), which has subquadrate frontal lobes extending beyond the supraorbital angles and separated by a deep V-shaped notch (Fig. 13 A, B; A. Milne-Edwards 1873: 80 (4), pl. 12 (1), fig. 3; Serène 1984: 227 – 228, pl. XXXII A, E). However, Etisus sp. A differs from E. anaglyptus in the following ways: 1) frontal lobes extending well beyond the supraorbital angles (versus slightly beyond); 2) a greater fronto-orbital to carapace width ratio (0.33 versus 0.19); 3) anterolateral tooth N, T and S (2 nd to 4 th) with blunt-tipped (versus acute tips); and 4) outer edge of ambulatory legs covered in granules (versus strong spines) (Fig. 13 A, B, G; Serène 1984: 228, pl. XXXII A). More adult male and female specimens are needed to determine the true identity of this distinct Etisus species. The current description is based on a single juvenile female specimen, and it remains uncertain whether there are variations between sexes or ontogenetic morphological changes. Etisus sp. B (Figs. 14 A – H, 15 A – H, 16 A – F) Material Examined: 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 42, 5.3 × 3.8, Shanfu, Liuqiu Township, Pingtung County, 4 May 2007; 1 ò, NMNS 8772 - 43, 5.7 × 4.1, Shanfu, Liuqiu Township, Pingtung County, 24 October 2008; 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 44, 4.1 × 2.9, Shanfu, Liuqiu Township, Pingtung County, 5 November 2011. Description: Carapace (Fig. 14 A, C, E) transversely ovate, width to length ratio about 1.38, dorsal area slightly convex transversely, longitudinally; dorsal surface well covered by microscopic granules, short setae scattered at anterior regions and level with grooves at posterior regions; regions moderately divided by shallow grooves; subhepatic, pterygostomial regions granulate, glabrous. Front moderately advanced, about 0.41 times as long as carapace width, strongly deflexed ventrally, margin granulate, outer angles well marked, separated by V-shaped notch from orbital rim; divided into two lobes by deep V-shaped notch, continuing posteriorly as shallow median groove on dorsal carapace. Anterolateral margin convex, granulate, divided into 4 or 5 lobes, separated from each other by V-shaped or U-shaped notches with intercalated denticles; right anterolateral margin with 5 lobes, first lobe very low, feebly demarcated from second lobe; second lobe low; third lobe base widest, apex pointing anteriorly, anterior margin much shorter than posterior; fourth lobe similar to third but smaller; fifth lobe triangular, posterior margin continuous with carapace posterolateral margin; left anterolateral margin with 4 lobe, all lobes in equilateral triangle, apex of lobes 1 – 3 pointed anterolaterally, fourth lobe pointing laterally. Posterolateral margin slightly longer than anterolateral margin, with central region slightly concave. Orbits (Fig. 14 A, C, E) suboval, margins granulate; inner pre-frontal supraorbital and exorbital tooth weakly developed; supraorbital margin with one closed fissure. Eyes well developed, eyestalks short, stout, corneas large. Antennular fossae transversely oval; antennules folding transversely. Basal article of antenna short, subrectangular; flagellum freely entering orbital hiatus, short, tip slightly exceeding exorbital tooth. Third maxillipeds (Fig. 16 B, D) subrectangular, length to greatest width ratio about 2.05; palp tapering distally, articles subcylindrical; merus subquadrate, length to greatest width ratio about 0.83, anterolateral angle rounded, slightly projecting, anterior margin slightly sinuous, cristate and granulate, stout and thin setae scattered, external surface well covered with granules; ischium subrectangular, about 1.85 times longer than merus, sulcate submedially, mesial margin cristate, serrated, lined with submarginal setae; exopod stout, margins slightly convex, inner margin cristate, tapering slightly toward distal end, distal end slightly concave. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 14 G) margins cristate; sternites 1, 2 fused, external surface smooth; sternites 2, 3 and 3, 4 separated by deep and shallow sutures, respectively; sternite 4 with prominent median longitudinal line extending through half of exposed length, lateral margins slightly convex; median longitudinal line interrupted on sternite 4 within anterior region of sternopleonal cavity, continued at posterior limit of sternite 4, absent in sternites 5, 6, continued in sternites 7, 8 without interruption; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6 joining toward median longitudinal axis of thoracic sternum; vulvae oval, without operculum, located mesial third of sternite 5; small, central, triangular, non-calcified area present between sternites 6, 7 within sternopleonal cavity; press-button on anterior half of sternite 5. Chelipeds (Figs. 14 A, 15 A – D) subequal, moderately robust, external surface almost fully granulate, except distal areas of fingers. Meri moderate long, distal end extending slightly beyond carapace anterolateral margin in dorsal view, dorsal margin granulates, with triangular projection distally. Carpi dorsal margin granulate, with 2 large, triangular tubercles subdistally. Palm dorsal margin granulate, granules raised forming as crest, with two triangular tubercles sub-proximally and 1 rounded tubercle distally, external surface granules compacted, forming reticulated pattern, or arranged in longitudinal rows. Fingers thick, tips hemi-cupuliform; dactylus dorsal margin with 2 parallel crests, forming groove extending toward subdistal end, proximal end with triangular tubercle, distal area strongly deflexed, meeting only at tip with pollex, leaving large gap between fingers, 3 large teeth on proximal end of cutting edge; pollex distal area slightly deflexed, 1 small, 2 large teeth on proximal end of outer cutting edge, 1 small tooth on proximal end of inner cutting edge. Ambulatory legs (Figs. 14 A, 16 A) flattened, broad, moderate in length, P 3, P 4 longest, coxa-to-dactylus length about 0.91 times carapace width, P 5 shortest, coxa-to-dactylus length about 0.71 times carapace width; surfaces entirely smooth; anterior margin of meri spinose, submargin lined with short and long setae, carpi, propodi, dactyli denticulate, submargin lined with short and long setae; posterior margin of meri, submargin lined with long setae, carpi, propodi smooth, without setae, dactyli spinose, with single medium-sized spine posterior to chitinous claw, single-tipped. P 5 merus subrectangular, median length about 1.72 times greatest width; carpus curved, distal end distinctly wider than proximal end, median length about 1.25 times greatest width; propodus subrectangular, median length about 1.19 times greatest width; dactylus longer than propodus, stout proximally, tapering distally, terminating in sharp, short, slender chitinous claw with length about 2.0 times greatest width. Pleon (Fig. 14 G) moderate long relative to thoracic sternum, tip of telson reaching level to anterior sternal condyles of P 2 coxae; somites 1, 2 trapezoidal, much wider than long; somites 3 – 5 fused, base subequal in width, combined lateral margin straight; somite 6 subquadrate, slightly longer than wide, lateral margins straight; telson subtriangular, angles rounded, basal width about as long as median length. Female morphology: The female (Figs. 14 B, D, F, H, 15 E – H, 16 C) is morphologically similar to the male in most body parts, with differences in the carapace, sexual characters, and chelipeds. The female’s carapace is less concave compared to that of the male. The front of the female shows only traces of submedian lobules and is slightly retreated laterally, whereas the male has broader submedian lobules that are moderately retreated. The female's pleon is generally wider and more triangular than the male’s. Additionally, the sternopleonal cavity of the female is wider but shallower. The vulvae are oval and located on the mesial third of sternite 5. The female’s chelipeds are less robust and nearly equal in size, in contrast to the male’s, which are robust and subequal. The dactylus of both chelae in the female is slightly recurved distally, leaving a smaller gap when close, whereas in the male, it is strongly recurved and leaves a larger gap. Distribution: Known only from the Liuqiu Island, offshore from southwestern Taiwan. Remarks: Of the known congeners, Etisus sp. B shares morphological similarities with E. demani Odhner, 1925 and E. odhneri Takeda, 1971, notably in the following features: 1) a bi-lobed front separated by a median V-shaped notch with frontal lobes being slightly sinuous and fringes with pearly granules; 2) intercalated denticles between the anterolateral lobes of the carapace; and 3) strongly recurved distal fingers of chelipeds (Figs. 14 A – D, 15 A – D; Gordon 1941: 135 – 136, fig. 9 c; Guinot 1964 b: 51, 53, figs. 19, pl. VI, fig. 1; Takeda 1971: 193 – 195, pl. 3, figs. 1 – 2; Serène 1984: 219, 223). However, Etisus sp. B can be distinguished from E. demani by the following: 1) a smaller carapace width / length ratio (1.38 versus 1.46 – 1.48) (Fig. 14 A – D; Guinot 1964 b: 51, fig. 19, pl. VI, fig. 1); 2) a single-rimmed front fringed with one row of pearly granules (versus double-rimmed with two rows of pearly granules) (Fig. 14 A – D; Gordon 1941: 134, fig. 9 d); 3) a granulate supraorbital margin with one fissure (versus smooth and with two fissures) (Fig. 14 C – D; Gordon 1941: 134, fig. 9 d; Guinot 1964 b: 51, figs. 19, pl. VI, fig. 1); 4) a shallow, longitudinal groove dividing the middle of the 3 M region in males (versus undivided) (Fig. 14 A, C; Guinot 1964 b: 51, figs. 19, pl. VI, fig. 1); 5) three uneven-sized teeth on the proximal half of the major chela’s dactylus cutting edge (versus two) (Fig. 15 A – H; Gordon 1941: 134, fig. 9 c); 6) two rows of teeth on the proximal cutting edge of the major chela’s pollex, with the outer and inner rows featuring three uneven conical teeth and one small teeth, respectively (versus with one row of one large and several minute teeth) (Fig. 15 B, D, F, H; Gordon 1941: 134, fig. 9 c); 7) a mosaic of granules on upper region and two rows of small conical granules on lower region of the minor chela’s palm (versus smooth) (Fig. 15 C; Gordon 1941: 134, fig. 9 c); 8) conical granules on the outer margins of the fourth ambulatory leg (versus strong spines) and a smooth inner margin on the fourth leg’s merus (versus spines) (Fig. 16 A; Gordon 1941: 134, fig. 9 a); 9) a smaller dactylus width / length ratio of the fourth ambulatory leg (0.33 versus 0.43) (Fig. 16 A; Gordon 1941: 134, fig. 9 a); 10) a smaller ischium width / length ratio of the third maxilliped (1.13 versus 1.48) (Fig. 16 B – D; Guinot 1964 b: 53, fig. 24, pl. VI, fig. 1); 11) a fully granulated outer surface of the third maxilliped’s merus and palp (versus smooth) (Fig. 16 B – D; Guinot 1964 b: 53, fig. 24, pl. VI, fig. 1); and 12) a strongly curved posteroventrally G 1 distal part and subapex with eight short, stout setae (versus moderately curved with five long and two short setae) (Fig. 16 E, F; Gordon 1941: 135, fig. 10 d; Takeda 1971: 192, fig. 3 C, D; Serène 1984: 222, fig. 140).	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F6FFF8BFC1E60DCFC53F823.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 ò 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 45 – 46, 3.8 – 5.1 × 2.3 – 3.3, Shanfu, Liuqiu Township, Pingtung County, 3 – 4 May 2007; 1 ò, NMNS 8772 - 47, 5.8 × 3.5, Shanfu, Liuqiu Township, Pingtung County, 24 October 2008; 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 48, 8.5 × 5.4, Wanlitong, Pingtung County, 13 November 2009. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific; Fiji and Samoa (Dana 1852 b; Serène 1984). R e m a r k s: P s a u m i s Kossmann, 1 8 7 7 was previously classified within the subfamily Actaeinae (Serène 1984: 92 – 94). However, Lai et al. (2011) proposed that this genus belongs to the subfamily Euxanthinae Alcock, 1898 based on both morphological and molecular evidence. Serène (1984: 129) reinstated the genus, following discussions on the identification of A. cavipes (Dana, 1852) by Guinot (1976: 203). The genus is a small taxonomic group represented by only two species: P. cavipes (Dana, 1852) (type locality: Fiji and Samoa) and P. fossulata (Girard, 1859) (type locality: Red Sea) (Serène 1984). While Serène (1984: 130) synonymized P. fossulata as junior name of P. cavipes, Ng et al. (2008) considered P. fossulata as a valid species. Alcock (1898: 148) distinguished Actaea fossulata (Girard, 1859) (= P. fossulata) (collection location: Great Coco Island and East Island, Andamans) from P. cavipes based on differences in the morphology of the front projections, carapace lobes, chelipeds, and ambulatory legs. The morphology of the current species (Fig. 2 B) matches with diagnosis features of Psaumis cavipes, which include numerous small cavities on the dorsal carapace and ambulatory legs, and three distinct cavities on the suborbital and subhepatic regions (Serène 1984: 129).	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F6EFF8AFF5664C9FB16FC52.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 ò, NMNS 8772 - 51, 14.9 × 9.5, Youzaihu, Ludao Township, Taitung County, 6 September 1996; 3 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 52, 10.5 – 11.6 × 6.5 – 7.9, Longtou, Lanyu Township, Taitung County, 5 September 1998; 3 ò 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 53, 5.8 – 9.5 × 3.9 – 6.8, Jihuei, Taitung County, 7 October 2010; 1 ò, NMNS 8772 - 54, 14.1 × 8.8, Shitiping, Hualien County, coll. Y. - W. Tzeng, 20 August 2012. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific; Red Sea; Hawaii (Serène 1984). Remarks: Leptodius sanguineus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) (Fig. 17 C) is commonly found on the rocky coasts of Taiwan (Ng et al. 2017). This study reports new collection sites for this species along the coasts of eastern Taiwan and offshore islands in the southwestern and southeastern regions.	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F6EFF8AFED3631DFE59FC7E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 ò, NMNS 8772 - 49, 5.7 × 3.4, Shihmen, New Taipei City, 12 October 2008. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific (Serène 1984). Remarks: The morphology of the current specimen (Fig. 17 A) aligns with the description of L. bella (Dana, 1852) (Dana 1852 b: 196, pl. 11, fig. 2). Previous records of this species in Taiwanese waters were from offshore islands in the southeast and southwest regions of the island (Suzuki 1985; Chen and Lo 2014). This study reports the presence of this species along the northern coast of Taiwan, where the annual surface seawater temperature in January is more than 5 ° C lower than that of southeastern and southwestern Taiwan (Central Weather Bureau 2023).	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F6EFF8AFF6C6663FD62F980.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 ò, NMNS 8772 - 50, 8.7 × 5.3, Wanlitong, Pingtung County, 13 May 2009. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific (Serène 1984). Remarks: Previous records of Liomera rugata (H. Milne-Edwards, 1834) (Fig. 17 B) in Taiwanese waters were limited to the Penghu Islands, located off western Taiwan (Ho et al. 2000; Shy et al. 2010). This report documents the species’ presence in southern Taiwan.	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F6CFF88FF5763DCFBAEFEB7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 57, 6.1 × 4.2, Shanfu, Liuqiu Township, Pingtung County, 4 May 2007. Distribution: Indo-Pacific (Guinot 1968). Remarks: Guinot (1968) identified six species within the genus Macromedaeus: M. crassimanus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867), M. demani (Odhner, 1925), M. distinguendus (De Haan, 1835), M. nudipes (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867), M. quinquedentatus (Krauss, 1843) and M. voeltzkowii (Lenz, 1905). Recently, two additional species, M. adelus Mendoza, 2021 and M. hainanensis Yuan, Jiang and Sha, 2022, have been described, increasing the total to eight. However, M. hainanensis appears morphological similar to M. adelus, and J. C. E. Mendoza suggested that these two species are synonymous, with M. adelus being the senior synonym according to the principle of priority (ICZN Article 23). Mendoza based this conclusion on a careful comparison of the descriptions and illustrations provided by Yuan et al. (2022) and the type material of M. adelus. Key diagnostic features included the four broadly triangular teeth on the carapace anterolateral margin, the absence of lateral projections on the external margin of the ambulatory carpi, and the morphology of the G 1 (e. g., overall shape, distal tapering, and arrangement of subdistal spiniform setae). Additionally, the female paratype of M. hainanensis resembled the female type specimens of M. adelus. Most of the type series of M. hainanensis comprised immature or subadult individuals with carapace widths of less than 10 mm, showing no significant morphological differences from similarly sized specimens of M. adelus (Hsueh, pers. comm.). The current specimen (Fig. 17 F) matches the key characteristics of M. crassimanus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867): five teeth on the anterolateral margins, a fronto-orbital width distinctly less than half the greatest carapace width, and carapace regions separated by broad, shallow furrows (Serène 1984: 177, pl. XXV B). Macromedaeus crassimanus was first reported in Taiwan by Ho et al. (2000). This study provides the second record of this species, now from an offshore island in southwestern Taiwan.	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F6CFF88FCF2631DFC5BFC63.taxon	description	(Fig. 17 G)	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F6CFF88FCF2631DFC5BFC63.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 58, 5.8 × 3.9, Shanfu, Liuqiu Township, Pingtung County, 4 May 2007. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific; Hawaii (Serène 1984). Remarks: The morphology of the present specimen (Fig. 17 G) aligns with the defining characteristics of M. quinquedentatus (Krauss, 1843). These features include five teeth on the anterolateral margins, a fronto-orbital width slightly less than half the greatest width of the carapace, and distinct carapace regions separated by large, deep furrows (Serène 1984: 177, pl. XXV D – E). This report marks the first record of this species from Taiwan.	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F6CFF8DFC0A6648FC21FCB7.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined: 2 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 59 – 60, 3.0 – 4.3 × 2.3 – 3.1, Shitiping, Taitung County, coll. Y. - W. Tzeng, 25 March 2011. Description: Carapace (Fig. 18 A – C) transversely ovate, width to length ratio about 1.30 – 1.39, dorsal area slightly convex transversely, longitudinally; dorsal surface well covered by microscopic granules, glabrous; regions weakly defined, divided by shallow grooves. Front moderately advanced, about 0.41 – 0.43 times as long as carapace width, slightly deflexed ventrally, margin granulate, outer angles well marked and separated by V-shaped notch from orbital rim; divided into 2 lobes by narrow V-shaped notch, continuing posteriorly as shallow median groove on dorsal carapace. Anterolateral margin convex, granulate, divided into 4 low lobes, separated from each other by wide V-shaped or U-shaped notches with intercalated denticles; first lobe low; second and third lobe subequal in size, equilaterally triangular, tip blunt, pointing anterolaterally; fourth lobe small, pointing laterally, posterior margin continuous with carapace posterolateral margin. Posterolateral margin slightly longer than anterolateral margin, straight. Orbits (Fig. 18 A – C) suboval, margins granulate; inner pre-frontal supraorbital and exorbital tooth weakly developed; supraorbital margin with 2 fissures; infraorbital margin continuous. Eyes well developed, eyestalks short, stout, corneas large. Antennular fossae transversely oval; antennules folding transversely. Basal article of antenna short, subrectangular; flagellum freely entering orbital hiatus, short, tip slightly exceeding exorbital angle. Third maxillipeds (Fig. 19 A – B) subrectangular, length to greatest width ratio about 2.16; palp tapering distally, articles subcylindrical; merus subquadrate, length to greatest width ratio about 0.79, anterolateral angle rounded, slightly projecting, anterior margin sinuous, granulate, external surface well covered with granules; ischium subrectangular, about 1.80 times longer than merus, sulcate submedially, mesial margin cristate, serrated, lined with submarginal setae, external surface well covered with granules; exopod stout, margins slightly convex, tapering slightly toward distal end, distal end straight, external surface well covered with granules. Thoracic sternum (Fig. 18 D) margins cristate; sternites 1, 2 fused, external surface granulate; sternites 2, 3 and 3, 4 separated by deep and shallow sutures, respectively; sternite 4 with prominent median longitudinal line extending through half of its exposed length, lateral margins slightly convex; median longitudinal line interrupted on sternite 4 within anterior region of sternopleonal cavity, continued at posterior limit of sternite 4; sutures 4 / 5, 5 / 6 joining toward median longitudinal axis of thoracic sternum; vulvae oval, without operculum, located mesial third of sternite 5. Chelipeds (Fig. 18 A, E – H) subequal, moderately robust, external surface almost fully granulate, except partial surfaces of fingers. Meri moderate long, distal end extending slightly beyond carapace anterolateral margin in dorsal view, margins granulate. Carpi dorsal margin granulate proximally, longitudinal granule row bifurcated at middle area with 2 raised tubercles on each side of granule rows subdistally, forming groove appearance of dorsal margin in distal half, groove appearance continuing perpendicularly toward lower margin subdistally. Palm dorsal margin granulate with longitudinal row of tubercles, external upper surface with longitudinal row of tubercles. Fingers slightly thick, tips pointed, beige in alcohol; dactylus with 2 granulate submarginal crests, forming longitudinal groove toward subdistal end, distal area moderately deflexed, leaving small gap between fingers, 4 teeth on cutting edge with larger teeth at proximal end; pollex external surface of lower submargin with longitudinal groove, 5 teeth on cutting edge with 3 larger ones at distal end. Ambulatory legs (Figs. 18 A, 19 C) flattened, broad, moderate in length, P 3, P 4 longest, coxa-to-dactylus length about 0.95 carapace width, P 5 shortest, coxa-to-dactylus length about 0.73 times carapace width; surfaces entirely smooth, covered with shot setae, anterior margin of meri, carpi, propodi, dactyli denticulate, submargin of meri lined with long setae; posterior margin of meri, propodi, dactyli denticulate, dactyli with single large spine posterior to chitinous claw, single-tipped. P 5 merus subrectangular, median length about 2.34 times greatest width; carpus curved, distal end distinctly wider than proximal end, median length about 1.29 times greatest width; propodus subrectangular, median length about 1.28 times greatest width; dactylus about as long as propodus, stout proximally, tapering distally, terminating in sharp, short, chitinous claw with length about 1.71 times greatest width. Pleon (Fig. 18 D) moderate long relative to thoracic sternum, tip of telson reaching level median to sternal condyles of P 1 coxae; somites 1, 2 trapezoidal, much wider than long; all somites free, base of somite 3 widest, distal somites progressively narrower, combined lateral margin straight; somite 6 subrectangular, much wider than long, lateral margins slightly convex; telson subtriangular, angles rounded, basal width about as long as median length. Distribution: Known only from the coast of East Taiwan. Remarks: The morphology of Macromedaeus sp. A resembles that of M. adelus Mendoza, 2021, M. distinguendus (De Haan, 1835), and M. voeltzkowi (Lenz, 1905), particularly in having four teeth on the anterolateral margins of the carapace (Fig. 18 A, B; Serène 1984: 178, pl. XXV F; Mendoza 2021: 470, 474, figs. 5 A, 7 A; Yuan et al. 2022: 8, 10, 16, figs. 3 A, B, 4 A, B, 8 A, B). However, Macromedaeus sp. A can be distinguished from M. adelus by the following features: 1) smaller carapace width / length ratio (1.30 – 1.39 versus mean 1.59; Mendoza 2021: 469); 2) carapace regions are weakly defined and separated by shallow grooves (versus well-defined, separated by deep, acute furrows) (Fig. 18 A, B; Mendoza 2021: 471 – 472, fig. 5 A); 3) the dorsal carapace region 6 L is divided by an oblique furrow (versus undivided) (Fig. 18 A, B; Mendoza 2021: 471 – 472, fig. 5 A); 4) anterior margin of lobes is not separated from preorbital tooth by a deep notch (versus separated by a deep notch, appearing as a small fossa from an anterior view) (Fig. 18 C; Mendoza 2021: 471 – 472, figs. 5 A, 6 A); 5) outer surface of the third maxilliped is densely covered with large granules (versus micro granules) (Fig. 19 A, B; Mendoza 2021: 472, fig. 6 B); 6) pigmentation of the pollex does not extend onto palm (versus extending onto palm) (Fig. 18 E – H; Mendoza 2021: 470, fig. 5 G, H); 7) greater length / width ratio of P 5 merus (3.43 versus 2.11) (cf. Mendoza 2021: 470, fig. 5 F); and 8) presence of a row of denticle teeth on the lower margin of P 5 dactylus and a large tooth behind the claw (versus few scattered submarginal denticle teeth and a large tooth behind the claw) (Fig. 19 C; Mendoza 2021: 472, fig. 6 G). Macromedaeus sp. A differs from M. distinguendus by: 1) front submedian lobules divided by a notch (versus undivided) (Fig. 18 A, B; Yuan et al. 2022: 11, 16, figs. 5 B, 8 B); 2) dorsal carapace region 6 L divided by an oblique furrow (versus entire) (Fig. 18 C; Serène 1984: 177; Yuan et al. 2022: 16, fig. 8 A, B); 3) pollex pigmentation not extending onto the palm (versus extending) (Fig. 18 E – H; Yuan et al. 2022: 16, fig. 8 E, F); 4) row of denticle teeth present on the upper margin of P 5 merus (versus absent) (Fig. 19 C; Yuan et al. 2022: 12, fig. 6 B); 5) greater length / width ratio of P 5 dactylus (3.43 versus 2.50) (Fig. 19 C; c. f. Yuan et al. 2022: 12, fig. 6 B); and 6) row of denticle teeth on the lower margin of P 5 dactylus and a large tooth behind the claw (versus absent) (Fig. 18 E – H; Yuan et al. 2022: 12, fig. 6 B). Compared to M. voeltzkowi, Macromedaeus sp. A has: 1) carapace regions weakly defined and separated by shallow grooves (versus well-defined, divided by deep, acute furrows) (Fig. 18 A, B; Barnard 1950: 226, fig. 41 d; Serène 1984: 177, pl. XXV F); 2) dorsal carapace region 6 L divided by an oblique furrow (versus transverse furrow) (Fig. 18 C; Barnard 1950: 226, fig. 41 d; Serène 1984: 177, pl. XXV F); 3) dorsal surface covered by microscopic granules (versus irregularly granular) (Fig. 18 A, B; Barnard 1950: 226, fig. 41 d; Serène 1984: 177, pl. XXV F); and 4) pollex pigmentation not extending onto the palm (versus extending) (Fig. 18 E – H; Lenz 1905: 353, pl. XLVII 6 a). The present morphological characters observations are based on juvenile female specimens. Potential sexbased variations or ontogenetic changes in this species remain unclear.	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F68FF8CFF04637DFB52FED4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 2 ò, NMNS 8772 - 61, 8.8 – 9.8 × 5.9 – 6.5, Shadao, Hengchun Township, Pingtung County, coll. H. - T. Hung, 17 October, 2020. Distribution: Indo-Pacific (Dai and Yang 1991). Remarks: The morphology of the present specimen (Fig. 17 H) aligns with the description of Paraxanthias notatus (Dana, 1852) provided by Dai and Yang (1991: 299, pl. 38 (4 )). Collection records from Taiwan suggest that the distribution of this species is predominantly confined to the southern tip of Taiwan and nearby offshore islands (Ng et al. 2017).	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
03B887A65F68FFB3FC9B63FCFE84FE37.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 62, 9.2 × 5.2, Shanfu, Liuqiu Township, Pingtung County, 3 May 2007; 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 63, 9.2 × 5.2, Shanfu, Liuqiu Township, Pingtung County, 24 October 2008; 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 64, 5.8 × 3.8, Wanlitong, Pingtung County, 13 May 2009; 1 ñ, NMNS 8772 - 65, 6.3 × 4.2, Jihuei, Taitung County, 13 December, 2012. Distribution: Indo-Pacific (Serène 1984). Remarks: Xanthias lamarckii (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) (Fig. 20 A) has been frequently documented in Taiwanese waters (Ng et al. 2017). This study reports a new collection location for this species along the eastern coast of Taiwan.	en	Hsueh, Pan-Wen, Tzeng, You-Wei (2024): Positive association between PTN polymorphisms and schizophrenia in Northeast Chinese Han population. Zoological Studies 63 (47): 141-149, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2024.63-47, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/YPG.0000000000000262
