taxonID	type	description	language	source
85E8E8DFCF7056D1925267BA1D7157D2.taxon	description	Figs 3, 4, 5	en	Santilli, Ludovica, Cruz, Natali, De Schrevel, Claire, Dandois, Philippe, Lavandero, Nicolás, Perez, Maria Fernanda (2025): Cyphocarpus perennis (Asterales, Campanulaceae, Cyphocarpoideae), a new species endemic to the Andes of the Atacama Desert, Chile. PhytoKeys 259: 111-129, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.259.155414
85E8E8DFCF7056D1925267BA1D7157D2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cyphocarpus perennis differs to other Cyphocarpus species due to its perennial habit, rosette-like growth form, rounded leaves, and tomentose indumentum.	en	Santilli, Ludovica, Cruz, Natali, De Schrevel, Claire, Dandois, Philippe, Lavandero, Nicolás, Perez, Maria Fernanda (2025): Cyphocarpus perennis (Asterales, Campanulaceae, Cyphocarpoideae), a new species endemic to the Andes of the Atacama Desert, Chile. PhytoKeys 259: 111-129, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.259.155414
85E8E8DFCF7056D1925267BA1D7157D2.taxon	description	Description. Perennial herb, forming groups of seasonally persistent annual rosettes, up to 3 cm tall and 4 cm wide. Rhizome creeping to extended, lignified and branching, buried several centimetres below the substrate. Stems emerging from the nodes of the rhizome, almost entirely subterraneous, belowground portion up to 15 cm long, glabrous, bearing leaves reduced to scales, aerial portion of the stem pubescent (same indumentum of the leaves), up to 3 cm long. Leaves flabellate, densely strigose to hirsute, trichomes subulate, petioles up to 5 times as long as the lamina, approx. 15 mm long, arranged in short internodes. Lamina as long as wide, up to 6 mm long and 6 mm wide, crisped; base attenuate towards the petiole; apex rounded; margin crisped, bidentate. Inflorescence an axillary solitary flower, subtended by small leaflike bracts. Flowers pentamerous, sessile, epigynous, zygomorphic, bilabiate, hermaphrodite, protandrous. Sepals 5, free, linear, ⅕ of corolla tube length, same indumentum as leaves, margin entire. Petals 5, hirsute outside, glabrous inside, basally fused into a 13 – 15 mm long corolla tube, then free; lobes white, the upper lip comprised of a single corolla lobe, ca. 4 mm long, that forms a hood with connivent, winged margins; wings fused at the distal end of the hood to form a small appendage that slightly projects off the hood; the remaining 4 ventral corolla lobes, ca. 5 mm long, forming a palate ca. 11 mm wide, with three prominent yellow ridges at the base, alternating with the lobes. Stamens 5, epipetalous, haplostemonous, free portion of the filaments ca. 3 mm, pubescent, anthers included in corolla tube, connivent around the style, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary inferior, hirsute, cylindrical, syncarpous; carpels 2, locules 1, placentation parietal, style 1, 16 – 17 mm, stigma globose, 1 × 2 mm, slightly two-lobed, included in the hood and eventually protruding from it. Fruit a rounded capsule, 10 – 11 × 10 mm, hirsute, crowned by persistent sepals, becoming papery and releasing the seeds by irregular longitudinal ruptures. Seeds ca. 2 mm long, cylindrical and slightly curved, pale yellow to brown, surface ribbed longitudinally.	en	Santilli, Ludovica, Cruz, Natali, De Schrevel, Claire, Dandois, Philippe, Lavandero, Nicolás, Perez, Maria Fernanda (2025): Cyphocarpus perennis (Asterales, Campanulaceae, Cyphocarpoideae), a new species endemic to the Andes of the Atacama Desert, Chile. PhytoKeys 259: 111-129, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.259.155414
85E8E8DFCF7056D1925267BA1D7157D2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the perennial habit which distinguishes the novel species from the other species of the genus, which are all annual herbs.	en	Santilli, Ludovica, Cruz, Natali, De Schrevel, Claire, Dandois, Philippe, Lavandero, Nicolás, Perez, Maria Fernanda (2025): Cyphocarpus perennis (Asterales, Campanulaceae, Cyphocarpoideae), a new species endemic to the Andes of the Atacama Desert, Chile. PhytoKeys 259: 111-129, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.259.155414
85E8E8DFCF7056D1925267BA1D7157D2.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Endemic to the eastern Andean ranges of the Atacama Desert, in the municipality of Tierra Amarilla. It is known from the localities of Morros Negros, Carrizalillo and Iglesia Colorada (Fig. 1). The species is recorded to grow at high elevations between approx. 2900 and 3700 m, in loose gravelly and sandy soil, at full sun exposure.	en	Santilli, Ludovica, Cruz, Natali, De Schrevel, Claire, Dandois, Philippe, Lavandero, Nicolás, Perez, Maria Fernanda (2025): Cyphocarpus perennis (Asterales, Campanulaceae, Cyphocarpoideae), a new species endemic to the Andes of the Atacama Desert, Chile. PhytoKeys 259: 111-129, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.259.155414
