taxonID	type	description	language	source
057E87A4FFC5FF5BFF6DF89684694C32.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 278 BA 3 B 3 - B 1 DF- 45 A 6 - 8326 - 64 F 52 C 25 F 3 EA Figure 1	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFC5FF5BFF6DF89684694C32.taxon	type_taxon	Type species, by present designation: Khoisan triarthrus Meregalli & Borovec sp. nov. Gender: masculine.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFC5FF5BFF6DF89684694C32.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Small Cyclominae, less than 2.8 mm long; head bent downwards from longitudinal line of body (Fig. 1 g), rostrum narrow and long, in dorsal view with basal half densely scaled, scales forming lateral strip extended out of lateral margins before antennal insertion, apical half glabrous (Fig 1 h), in ventral view glabrous along entire length, excepting basal lateral strip of scales (Fig. 1 d); underside with a transverse row of spaced small setae (Fig. 1 o); antennae inserted at midlength or between midlength and anterior third of rostrum; rostrum in lateral view moderately curved, usually more curved at midlength (Fig. 1 l); scrobes very short, directed towards underside; funicle with 3 – 5 segments, club with basal segment longer than 2 apical segments combined (Fig. 1 f); pronotum and elytra tuberculate (Fig. 1 b); pronotum anteriorly prominent above head (Fig. 1 p); prosternum deeply excavate to receive rostrum in repose (Fig. 1 c); tibiae short, without distinct mucro, with a row of subapical spines and 2 spurs (Fig. 1 m); tarsi with small moniliform segments, segment 3 similar to 2, not lobed (Fig. 1 i); gonocoxites apically membranous, lacking styli, with fine sparsely scattered setae (Fig. 1 n); sternite VIII of female with umbrella-shaped plate, translucent, with sclerotized strip along apical margin (Fig. 1 j). Body incrusted, possibly covered by exudate to which soil particles adhere (Fig. 1 a).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFC5FF5BFF6DF89684694C32.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.7 – 2.75 mm. Body integument pale to dark brownish or blackish, antennae black or funicles with club reddish or yellowish brown; tarsi pale reddish, brown or black. Vestiture consisting of scales of various shape, appressed to integument or suberect or erect, white, yellow, ochreous, brown or black, spatulate, or longitudinally concave, C-shaped in section, often with deep indentation, longer scales often long pedunculate, present on dorsal and ventral part of body, protruding outwards on sides of rostrum, usually reciprocally isolated and not touching one another on unsculptured parts of integument, seldom partially imbricate, thickened or very compact on rostrum, tubercles and humps, apex of elytral tubercles in some species with a tuft of fan-shaped scales; apical and ventral part of rostrum, ventral head capsule, antennal funicles and clubs and tarsi lacking scales; scapes with inconspicuous small appressed scales on anterior side (Figs. 1 t – w). Dorsal and ventral part of body and legs with sparse narrow long erect setae, mostly inserted on top of tubercles or granules on tibiae, usually dark-coloured; apical glabrous part of rostrum with sparse, short, semi-erect hair-like setae, dorsally, laterally as well as ventrally prominent; antennae and legs with sparse, unevenly scattered, short, hair-like semi-erect setae. Entire body usually incrusted with soil, obscuring scales and details of sculpture (Fig. 1 a). Integument sculpture when cleaned from soil rugose or smooth, pronotum and elytra with large raised tubercles (Fig. 1 b). Rostrum long, narrow, almost circular in cross section, almost of same width from base to apex if basal strip of scales protruding outside of lateral margin is excluded from measurement, in males 2.4 – 3 × as long as wide, in female 2.7 – 3.2 × as long as wide (width at base measured including lateral strip of scales); in dorsal view widest at base, here, including external strip of scales, 1.3 – 1.8 × as wide as at apex, in basal half often slightly tapered apicad, with straight or slightly curved sides; rostrum in apical half narrower, usually feebly enlarged apicad, with slightly concave sides, beyond antennal insertions glabrous, unpunctate, smooth to finely shagreened; in middle in some species at place of antennal insertions with slightly curved sides, before and behind slightly constricted. Rostrum in ventral view subparallel-sided along entire length, glabrous, smooth, with raised keel from antennal insertions to underside of head, in basal half distinctly laterally framed by protruding scales; in lateral view in males 0.8 – 1.1 ×, in females 1 – 1.3 × as long as pronotum, slightly curved, widest at base, in basal half slightly evenly tapered apicad, in apical half subparallel-sided or tapered. Rostrum posteriorly not dorsally separated from head. Frons and epistome indistinct. Mandibles very small, lacking scales, without mandibular scars. Antennae inserted between middle and apical third; antennal insertions not visible in dorsal view, placed on side of rostrum (Fig. 1 h), scrobes very short, directed towards underside, in lateral view visible only shortly behind insertion (Fig. 1 l). Head round, short and broad, insertion curved downwards from longitudinal line of body, underside with transverse row of narrow setae below eyes and through entire underside from side to side, in lateral view flat or distinctly concave. Eyes small, in dorsal view almost flat, in lateral view placed in middle of head. Antennae short; scapes in repose not reaching eyes, 3.7 – 6.4 × as long as wide at apex, 1.5 – 2 × as long as funicle, in short basal part slightly curved, then straight, slightly evenly enlarged apically, at apex 0.6 – 1 × as wide as club. Funicles with 3, 4 or 5 segments, segment 1 longest. Antennal clubs oval to long spindle-shaped, basal segment at least half as long as club length, in species with 3 - segmented funicles with incomplete rows of setae in places of previous sutures after fusion of terminal funicle segments. Pronotum broadly subquadrate to subtrapezoidal, distinctly narrower than elytra, 0.90 – 1.20 × as long as wide, widest before midlength, seldom at midlength, more or less tapered posteriorly with straight sides, distinctly constricted at about anterior third (Fig. 1 p). Disc indistinctly flatly granulate or sparsely punctate, with two – four tubercles on dorsum, two at middle and two near base, sides with tubercle before anterior constriction, often another tubercle behind, towards base, and smaller one in lower part, in intermediate position between others; anterior margin in dorsal view swollen, anteriorly hood-shaped, extended above head, in some species with two – four small tubercles prominent anteriorly; base straight to slightly arched, in lateral view with well-developed postocular lobe, lacking vibrissae in dorsal portion. Procoxal cavities contiguous, round; procoxae subglobular, placed at base of prosternum, very distant from anterior margin; anterior margin ventrally deeply arched. Prosternum deeply excavate to receive rostrum in repose. Scutellar shield indistinct. Elytra shortly oval, 1.0 – 1.2 × as long as wide, 10 - striate, integument smooth or slightly rough, striae very small, or with round deeply impressed punctures, as wide as or wider than width of interstriae, usually curved around tubercles; interstriae 2 with tubercle at beginning of declivity, interstriae 3 with two – three tubercles, often with one at base, and in some species with small apical tubercle, interstriae 5 with two-three tubercles, interstriae 7 usually with four, equally spaced prominent tubercles; shoulders obliquely subtruncate posteriorly (Figs 1 b, g). Apices of elytra visible in dorsal view. Metathoracic wings absent. Mesocoxal cavities circular, narrowly separate, mesoventral process narrow. Metacoxae slightly transverse, laterally not reaching elytral margins, separated by about their width (Fig. 1 c). Legs short and robust. Femora unarmed, inflated at middle. Tibiae short and robust, straight, with straight internal side, occasionally external side expanded outwards near apex, with granule, apices not expanded mesally or laterally, broadly transversely truncate, with several sparse, short, unobtrusive black bristles or few dark subapical spines and two tiny spurs; mucro indistinct; protibiae 2.3 – 3.5 × as long as wide at apex. Tarsi with first three segments bead-shaped, subequal in length and width, segment 3 not bilobed, onychium longer than segments 2 + 3 together, evenly enlarged apically, at apex slightly wider than others; in some species protarsi shorter than meso- and metatarsi. Claws free, moderately long, distinctly divergent (Fig. 1 i). Ventrites 1.1 – 1.3 × as long as wide, smooth, ventrite 1 at midwidth 1.5 × as long as 2 and about as long as ventrites 3 and 4 combined, ventrite 5 in males shorter, subtrapezoidal, in females longer, apically rounded. Suture between ventrites 1 and 2 straight or slightly sinuate at middle, fine, other sutures straight, rough. Metaventral process obtuse, about as wide as transverse diameter of metacoxa (Fig. 1 k). Male terminalia. Penis moderately short, slightly shorter than or as long as temones, differing in shape between species; endophallus with sclerites short or small, stick-shaped or rounded (Fig. 1 q). Tegmen with manubrium about twice as long as diameter of slender ring, lacking parameres (Fig. 1 r). Sternite IX slightly curved, anteriorly enlarged to small, wide, rounded plate; basal arms fused posteriorly (Fig. 1 e). Female terminalia. Gonocoxites simple, inconspicuous, weakly sclerotized, slender, elongate, slightly curved outside, evenly tapered apically; short apical portion membranous, narrowly rounded, lacking styli, with short and fine, sparsely scattered setae (Fig. 1 n). Sternite VIII with moderately long and slender apodeme, Y-shaped, terminating in apical portion of plate; plate umbrella-shaped, in middle portion membranous, translucent, about one quarter of apodeme length; apical margin in short median part interrupted, slender, bearing sparse short setae, with more sclerotized strip along entire length, gradually narrowed, exceptionally connected at middle or connected with Y- shaped termination of apodeme; basal margin membranous (Fig. 1 n). Spermatheca with regularly curved, slender tapered cornu, rounded corpus, very short, indistinct ramus and short, tube-shaped collum (Fig. 1 s). Sexual dimorphism. The rostrum in some species is longer and thinner in females than in males. Ventrite 5 is longer and apically rounded in females, shorter and subtrapezoidal in males. In one species the apical half of the rostrum is reddish-brown in males and darker in females; in one species females have more prominent elytral tubercles, particularly the humeral one, so that the elytra are broader at the base and subtriangular, with the sides sublinearly narrowed apicad, whereas males have shorter tubercles and more regularly oval elytra. Individual variation. Intraspecific variation mainly concerns size, height of the tubercles and density and colour of the scales. In one species, K. triarthrus sp. nov., the variation in the elytral sculpture and shape and in the form of the scales is conspicuous.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFC5FF5BFF6DF89684694C32.taxon	etymology	Derivation of the name. The genus name is derived from the indigenous people of southern Africa, living between the Cape region and Namibia, the same region where the new genus occurs. The name Khoisan, or Khoe-Sān, is a catch-all term for those people that do not speak one of the Bantu languages, combining the Khoekhoen (formerly “ Hottentots ”) and the Sān (formerly “ Bushman ”) (Wikipedia 2025).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFC5FF5BFF6DF89684694C32.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Africa, native to the Northern and Western Cape, southern and eastern part of the Eastern Cape, near the border with the Free State, where it may be present (Figures 8, 18).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFC5FF5BFF6DF89684694C32.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic placement The placement of the new genus was not immediately apparent because of its strong peculiarities. The pedal-type of the aedeagus excludes Khoisan from the basal subfamilies of Curculionidae, such as Brachycerinae, but it was not easy to determine its proper classification, not the least because of the still incomplete definition of the typical characters of the curculionid subfamilies and their unclear delimitations, as evidenced also by several inconsistences between the traditional classification and the results of recent molecular studies (e. g., Haran et al. 2023 b). At first, we were uncertain whether Khoisan could belong to Curculioninae, Molytinae or Cyclominae. The first subfamily, which might have been considered because of its cylindrical rostrum, was readily ruled out due to the presence of distinct ocular lobes, the anterior margin of the pronotum expanded above the head, the broad pro- and mesocoxal cavities, the strongly tuberculate, thickly incrusted body and the moniliform tarsi, with segment 3 identical to segment 2, not bilobed. The choice between Molytinae and Cyclominae was more difficult to make, essentially because of the general appearance of the body, with high tubercles on the pronotum and elytra and the pronotum expanded anteriorly. However, the differences in the shape of the female sternum VIII and the gonocoxites, the absence of a clear uncus on the tibiae, the possession of tibial spurs and the moniliform tarsi suggested its placement in Cyclominae, the group in which Marshall had also placed an undetermined specimen preserved at the NHMUK. Affinities of the new genus among the Cyclominae have not been established with a sufficient degree of confidence, although the tuberculate body, the moniliform tarsi, the shape of the pronotum are reminiscent of species of Rhythirrinini and Hipporhinini. Both tribes differ in their shorter rostrum and strongly sclerotised gonocoxites, usually with a developed distal process. The subfamily was revised by Oberprieler (2010), who based his approach mainly on the structure of the ovipositor and listed the main morphological characters distinguishing the tribes. We found some similarities between Khoisan, Pachytrichus Schoenherr, 1836, and Terapopus Schoenher, 1845 (Figure 2). Pachytrichus, formerly in Rhythirrinini, was excluded from the tribe and placed in Curculioninae incertae sedis, possibly sharing relationships with Hypsomus (Oberprieler 2010). It shares with Khoisan various features of the rostrum, in particular the laterally protruding strip of scales at the base, which is not seen in any other genus; the rostrum, viewed from below, is also similar, but the raised keel present in Khoisan is very short and scarcely raised; dorsally and laterally it has a similar appearance, except for a much shorter extension beyond the antennal insertions, so that antennae are subapical. The scales on the meso- and metarostrum and the pronotum are erect, concave in section, with thickened margins. Pachytrichus differs from Khoisan in having slender, normally shaped antennae, with 6 - segmented funicles, the surface of the pronotum and elytra is smooth, without tubercles, the entire body is covered with long setae and the size is bigger, about 5 mm. The most important differences are the apically slightly dentate gonocoxites (Oberprieler, personal communication), the strong mucro at the apex of the tibiae and the broadly bilobed segment 3 of the tarsi. Terapopus is a genus currently classified in Rhythirrinini. Its general appearance indeed matches that of species of the tribe. It shares with Khoisan the elytra with tubercles on the interstriae 3, 5, 7 and the pronotum with broad ocular lobes, prominent above the head. It differs in having a short and broader rostrum, not extended before the antennal insertions, lacking a protruding strip of scales, the scrobes laterally visible along the entire length, the gonocoxites with a long spatulate distal process, the tibiae with a small but distinct mucro and the tarsi slightly broadened, not moniliform. The antennae are slender, with 7 - segmented funicles and the size is larger, up to 4 mm. Thus, neither genus appears to be related to Khoisan. The rostrum of Pachytrichus shows surprising similarities, but the broadly bilobed tarsi and the large mucro are taxonomically significant features that led us to exclude any relationships between the two genera. In Bayesian Inference of the COI sequence a specimen of Khoisan mendeli sp. nov. clustered in the CEGH clade (sensu Haran et al., 2023 b), and, within this clade, among the taxa forming the core group that appears to constitute a monophylum corresponding to the true Cyclominae (Baird et al. 2021; Haran et al. 2023 b). We are aware of the impossibility of reconstructing reliable phylogenetic relationships using only a single mitochondrial gene fragment, but the inclusion of Khoisan in the CEGH clade, together with genera belonging to the core Cyclominae clade (Figure 3), supports our conclusions based on the morphological analysis. It was placed as sister to Steriphus (currently in Listroderini, Oberprieler 2010), but such a placement is not supported morphologically. No affinities were observed with Hypsomus, which fell into a distinct clade, and no particular affinity was observed with Rhythirrinini, in spite of its general resemblance. Therefore, considering also that Rhythirrinini were defined as “ the most confused tribe of Cyclominae, the latest checklist (Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal 1999) reflecting an amalgam of unrelated genera ” (Oberprieler 2010), we prefer to avoid adding further heterogeneity to the circumscription of the tribe and prefer to leave Khoisan as Cyclominae incertae sedis. Along with the distinctive shape of the rostrum and its sexual dimorphism, one of the most striking features of the new genus is the reduction of the funicle segments, down to the extreme of only 3 segments in two species. If taxa with 6 - segmented funicles are quite frequent in the family, further reduction becomes progressively more uncommon, and 3 - segmented funicles occur only in taxa outside the CEGH clade. In Cyclominae, reduction of the funicle segments is rare and usually limited to 6 - segmented funicles, such as in Hypocolobus Schoenherr, 1842 (Hipporhinini). In other subfamilies, a genus with 3 - segmented funicles is Mahnertia Osella, 1978, with three species from Kenya (Osella 1978). This genus was described in Molytinae (Hylobiinae sensu Osella) and is now classified in Cossoninae, tribe Dryotribini (Alonso-Zarazaga & Lyal 1999). The reduction in the number of funicle segments, down to 4 segments, is indeed frequently observed in Cossoninae. More species with 4 - segmented funicles are present in other subfamilies, and are relatively common in Dryophthorinae. Also, one species of Notiomimetes Wollaston, 1873 (Notiomimetini, belonging to a more basal curculionid lineage according to Gillett et al. 2018) has 4 - segmented funicles (Oberprieler et al., 2014). In Platypodinae various species with 3 - segmented funicles are known.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFCEFF5FFF6DFE2F81E0490E.taxon	description	Figures 4, 5	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFCEFF5FFF6DFE2F81E0490E.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: South Africa, Northern Cape, S of Soebatsfontein Material examined: Holotype: ♂, RSA, Northern Cape, Namaqua, S of Soebatsfontein, 280 m, 30 ° 11.754 ' S, 17 ° 33.275 ' E [- 30.195923 ° 17.554583 °], 13. ix. 2013, R. Borovec, M. Meregalli lgt. (TMSA). Paratypes: 2 ex., same data as the holotype, (MMTI, RBSC); 1 ♂, RSA, Northern Cape, Namaqua NP, Ca 20 km S Soebatsfontein, 234 m, 30 ° 12.084 ' S, 17 ° 33.389 ' E [- 30.20140 ° 17.55649 °], 13. xi. 2016, sifting of detritus, dead leaves and branches below shrubby Euphorbia, R. Borovec lgt. (RBSC); 3 ex., RSA, Northern Cape, 881 m, Rd from R 382 to Kosies, - 29.1167 ° 17.566871 °, 15. xi. 2016, Meregalli legit (RBSC, MMTI); 1 ex., RSA, N. Cape, Namaqua, SE of Soebatsfontein, 270 m, - 30.16985 ° 17.61602 °, 19. xi. 2013 Meregalli lgt. (MMTI); 20 ex., RSA, Northern Cape, Namaqua rd to Hondeklipbaai, nr. Kameelboom, 144 m, 30 ° 28.236 ' S, 17 ° 41.907 ' E [- 30.4706 ° 17.69845 °], 13. ix. 2013, sifting of detritus, dead leaves and branches below shrubby Euphorbia, R. Borovec, M. Meregalli lgt. (ANIC, NHMUK, MMTI, NMPC, RBSC, SANC); 3 ex. RSA, Northern Cape, NE Wallekraal, rd to Kamieskroon, 230 m, 30 ° 20.153 ' S, 17 ° 36.702 ' E [- 30.33589 ° 17.61169 °] 13. xi. 2016, sifting of detritus, dead leaves and branches below shrubby Euphorbia, R. Borovec, M. Meregalli lgt. (MMTI, RBSC); 2 ex. RSA, Northern Cape, 607 m, 20 km N Garies, dir. Spoegrivier, - 30.340119 ° 17.798443 °, 13. xi. 2016, Meregalli legit (MMTI); 2 ex., RSA, Northern Cape, rd. Kliprand- Garies, pass E Rondefonteinsberg, 420 m, 30 ° 44.210 ' S, 18 ° 14.299 ' E [- 30.73683 ° 18.23831 °], 11. ix. 2013, sifting of detritus, dead leaves and branches below shrubby Euphorbia, R. Borovec, M. Meregalli lgt. (RBSC); 1 ex., RSA, Western Cape, R 358 NE Bitterfontein, 397 m, 30 ° 53.921 ' S, 18 ° 19.809 ' E [- 30.89868 ° 18.33015 °], 21. xi. 2016, sifting of detritus, dead leaves and branches below shrubby Euphorbia, R. Borovec, M. Meregalli lgt. (RBSC); 7 ex., RSA, Western Cape, SW Nuwerus, 356 m, 31 ° 11.266 ' S, 18 ° 20.286 ' E [- 31.18777 ° 18.33810 °], 12. xi. 2016, sifting Euphorbia, R. Borovec lgt. (MMTI, RBSC); 5 ex., RSA, Western Cape, 1 km SE Vanrhynsdorp, 117 m, 31 ° 37.234 ' S, 18 ° 43.681 ' E [- 31.62057 ° 18.72802 °], 10. ix. 2013, sifting of detritus, dead leaves and branches below shrubby Euphorbia, R. Borovec, M. Meregalli lgt. (RBSC, MMTI); 7 ex. RSA, Western Cape, 240 m, Rd N 7 N Vanrhynsdorp to Flamintvlakte, 10. ix. 2013, - 31.21229 ° 18.55899 °, sifting karoo, Meregalli lgt. (MMTI, RBSC); 1 ex., RSA, Western Cape, Ca 35 km S Vanrhynsdorp, 3 km S Trawal rd N 7, 65 m, 31 ° 54.881 ' S, 18 ° 31.658 ' E [- 31.91469 ° 18.52762 °], 9. xi. 2013, sifting of detritus, dead leaves and branches below shrubby Euphorbia, R. Borovec, M. Meregalli lgt. (RBSC).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFCEFF5FFF6DFE2F81E0490E.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.72 – 2.53 mm, holotype 2.23 mm. Body dark brownish to black; antennae and tarsi yellowish red; apical half of rostrum pale reddish brown, in females usually darker. Scales of various colours, ochre, brown to black and white, on smooth part of integument broad, often apically bifid, scarcely erect, on tubercles longer, concave, C-shaped, some pedunculate, usually black or dark brown on dorsum of pronotum and elytra, white on sides and declivity, on sides irregularly disposed, not aligned along interstriae, rather regularly spaced, tubercles on dorsum of pronotum and elytra with ochre or black scales, on sides with white to translucent scales, usually pedunculate; setae brown, slender, spatulate, inserted on top of tubercles, few on rostrum and few on legs. Rostrum in males 2.9 – 3.2 × as long as wide at base, in females 3 – 3.4 × as long as wide; in lateral view in males 0.9 – 1.2 × as long as pronotum, in females 1 – 1.2 × as long as pronotum. Basal half of rostrum in dorsal view in males irregularly tapered apicad with slightly curved sides, in females evenly tapered apicad with straight sides; apical half of rostrum in both sexes with slightly concave sides; rostrum in both sexes at base 1.48 – 1.65 × as wide as at apex. Antennal insertions between middle and apical third of rostrum. Scapes 2.1 – 2.3 × as long as funicle, at apex 0.8 – 0.9 × as wide as club; funicles 3 - segmented, segment 1 globose to conical to cylindrical, 1.4 – 2.6 × as long as wide and 1.5 – 2.2 × as long as segment 2, this 1.4 – 1.5 × as long as wide; segment 3 as long as wide to slightly transverse; clubs elongate, 2.1 – 2.3 × as long as wide. Pronotum 0.92 – 1.05 × as long as wide, in anterior quarter sharply compressed, dorsum with four tubercles, two in median part, two placed towards base, anterior margin slightly curved, lacking prominent humps; sides with two tubercles, one at anterior third, one at midlength, sides sublinearly convergent towards base, or slightly curved; base slightly curved. Elytra short, in males 1.05 – 1.2 × as long as wide, in females 1.15 – 1.25 × as long as wide; striae with very narrow, barely distinct punctures, narrower than width of interstriae; interstriae 2 with tubercle before declivity; interstriae 3 with oblong tubercle at base, a conical tubercle before declivity and another one on declivity, interstriae 5 with two tubercles, interstriae 7 with four high conical tubercles; females usually with basal tubercle on interstriae 7 strongly prominent, and elytra subtriangular, with maximum width behind humeri. Legs short, protibiae robust, 3.8 × as long as wide, not broadened apicad, with narrow granule before midlength and before apex. Penis in dorsal view 2.3 – 2.5 × as long as wide, widest at basal half, in apical half evenly tapered apicad with rounded sides, tip slightly extended anteriorly; in lateral view regularly curved, evenly tapered apicad. Endophallus with two short parallel sclerites. Spermatheca with cornu slender and regularly curved; corpus rounded; ramus almost indistinct, extremely short, hump-shaped; collum tube-shaped, distinctly curved, directed forward. Bionomics. All specimens were collected by sifting litter under large Euphorbia shrubs and found together with different genera and species of entimines and various other genera of Cyclominae (Fig. 6). Variation. This species shows strong morphological variation, partly between the sexes, partly within a population and partly between locations. Females often have slightly longer elytra and higher tubercles. The greatest variation regards the shape of the elytra, which may be more rounded or subglobose, the height of the tubercles and the colour and shape of the scales, which may be oval, C-shaped, ochre-coloured, non-pedunculate even on the tubercles, or brownish to black, pedunculate even on the flat parts of the elytra. The specimens from the northernmost locality, near Kosies (Figs 3 a, b), are rather similar to those from south of Soebatsfontein, with relatively low tubercles and ochreous scales on tubercles, whereas those from Kameelboom (Figs 3 a, b) have darker scales, the erect pedunculate scales more frequent and ochreous scales absent, the tubercles taller, particularly the subhumeral ones, which are rather prominent outwards, and the elytra subtriangular in shape; these are the specimens most different from those from south of Soebatsfontein. Those from Nuwerus and Bitterfontein (Figs 3 g, h) are relatively similar, but the tubercles are shorter, whereas those from Kliprand (Figs 3 e, f) are similar to those from south of Soebatsfontein. The specimens from the vicinity of Flamintvlakte (Figs 3 k, l) have long, ochreous, raised pedunculate scales and smaller tubercles; those from the outskirts of Vanrhynsdorp are similar, but the scales are shorter and the scales on the sides smaller, almost appressed to the integument. The southernmost population, near Trawal (Figs 3 i, j), does not show any particular difference from those further north. The penis does not show any differences between the populations. Derivation of the name. The name, meaning with three segments, refers to the 3 - segmented antennal funicles of this species, a condition only occurring in this genus among the known Cyclominae. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFCEFF5FFF6DFE2F81E0490E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species has a relatively wide range, stretching from north of Steinkopf in the Northern Cape to south of Vanrhynsdorp in the northern part of Western Cape, along a narrow strip a short distance from the coast. The northernmost locality, near Kosies, is more than 100 km from the next one to the south, but this gap is probably due to a lack of data from intermediate localities (Figure 8).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFCEFF5FFF6DFE2F81E0490E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Khoisan triarthrus shares the character of the 3 - segmented funicles with K. albogibbosus, which differs in having the rostrum black, the elytral striae with round large punctures (wider than the interstriae), the dorsal pronotal and elytral tubercles round, with short white scales appressed to integument on their upper part, and the tibiae with thick scales.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFCAFF42FF6DFB3384604CFA.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 464 A 2 A 59 - BB 48 - 428 E- 9 B 07 - 3233573 BA 34 A Figure 7	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFCAFF42FF6DFB3384604CFA.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: South Africa, Northern Cape, nr. Danielskuil. Material examined: Holotype: ♂, RSA, Northern Cape, 1431 m, Danielskuil env., pr. Postmasburg 28 ° 15.544 ' S 23 ° 34.784 ' E [- 28.25906 ° 23.57973 °], 4. xi. 2023 R. Borovec leg., sifting under various plants in perennial vegetation (TMSA). Paratypes: 10 ex., same data as the holotype (MMTI, RBSC); 10 ex., RSA Northern Cape, 1452 m S of Danielskuil, Lime Acres, 28 ° 21.503 ' S 23 ° 32.300 ' E [- 28.35839 ° 23.5383 °], 5. xi. 2023 R. Borovec leg., sifting under various plants in perennial vegetation (NHMUK, CMNC, RBSC); 1 ♂, South Africa, Northern Cape bor. or., Michael Košťál leg., Danielskuil env., pr. Postmasburg 1450 m, 28 ° 15.7 S' 23 ° 34.8 ' E [- 28.2617 ° 23.58 °], 24. x. 2023, sifted (MKSS); 10 ex., S. Africa, C. P., Holpan 125, Kimberley, SE 2824 Cb [- 28.74 ° 24.76 °], 20 Oct. 1988, Entomology Dept., NMBH 35221, BMSA (C) 156302 - 311 (BMSA); 3 ex., same data as previous one, but 7 Feb. 1989, NMBH 35228, BMSA (C) 156312 - 314 (BMSA).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFCAFF42FF6DFB3384604CFA.taxon	description	Description. Body length 2.32 – 2.75 mm, holotype 2.65 mm. Body red brownish to blackish, scapes, femora and tibiae in some specimens paler, brownish. Scales angular or C-shaped, as long as wide or slightly longer than wide, brown, appressed to integument, dense, partially imbricate on dorsum of elytra, brown, suberect, incised at apex, not imbricate on dorsum of pronotum, white, compact on top of tubercles, sharply contrasting with brown scales below, white scales erect, spatulate on posterior fringe of pronotum and basal fringe of elytra, round with thickened margins, disposed in one – two rows on lateral elytral interstriae and on declivity, spatulate or triangular, suberect on legs, long bifid, appressed to integument on head and subcircular on dorsum of rostrum and anterior part of scapes, lateral and supra-orbital strips very thick; setae brown, slender, erect, inserted on top of tubercles and sparse on tibiae. Rostrum in males 2.7 – 2.8 × as long as wide at base, in females 2.9 – 3.1 × as long as wide at base; in lateral view in males 0.8 × as long as pronotum, in females 0.9 × as long as pronotum. Basal half of rostrum in dorsal view in both sexes evenly tapered apicad, apical part of rostrum with slightly concave sides, slightly broadened; rostrum at base 1.43 – 1.53 × as wide as at apex. Antennae inserted at about 3 / 5 of rostrum length. Interocular space transversely deeply depressed, with ill-defined margins, in lateral view head distinctly concave. Scapes 1.5 – 1.8 × as long as funicle, at apex as wide as club; funicles with 3 segments, segment 1 conical, 2 – 2.6 × as long as wide and 1.5 – 2 × as long as segment 2, this 1.4 – 1.5 × as long as wide; segment 3 1.1 – 1.2 × as long as wide; clubs 2 – 2.2 × as long as wide. Pronotum 1.07 – 1.12 × as long as wide, in anterior third distinctly constricted; dorsum with two conical tubercles before midlength and two lower tubercles near base, anterior margin with four small tubercles, sides with large tubercle at point of maximum width, before anterior constriction, followed by a lower and longer tubercle at midlength between anterior tubercle and base. Pronotum in lateral view with tubercles obtusely raised, deeply sinuate before swollen anterior margin. Base straight. Elytra in males 1.09 – 1.13 × as long as wide, in females 1.15 – 1.18 × as long as wide. Interstriae 2 with a round tubercle slightly beyond middle and another on posterior declivity, interstriae 3 with three round tubercles, one at base, one at middle and one on declivity, interstriae 5 with small basal tubercle, another at anterior third and one beyond middle, interstriae 7 with three, laterally prominent, tubercles. Interstriae narrow, on side slightly convex; striae distinctly punctate, punctures wider than width of interstriae, curved around tubercles. Legs robust, protibiae 3.5 × as long as wide at apex, apex obliquely cut, slightly broadened laterally. Penis in dorsal view 2.3 – 2.6 × as long as wide, subparallel-sided, in apical portion evenly tapered apicad, with slightly concave sides, tip narrowly rounded; in lateral view narrow, regularly curved, evenly tapered apicad. Endophallus with two short parallel transverse sclerites. Spermatheca with cornu almost straight; corpus elongated; ramus extremely short and wide, hardy visible; collum longer than wide, slightly tapered distad, directed upwards.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFCAFF42FF6DFB3384604CFA.taxon	biology_ecology	Bionomics. The type specimens from Danielskuil were sifted from roots of various small shrubs and dry grasses in the low, sparse, perennial vegetation, on a plain with sandy soil.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFCAFF42FF6DFB3384604CFA.taxon	etymology	Derivation of the name. The characteristic white-scaled elytral tubercles, contrasting with the dark surface, suggested the specific epithet, which is derived from the Latin terms albus, white, and gibbosus, with tubercles. The name is an adjective.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFCAFF42FF6DFB3384604CFA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Central part of South Africa, in the eastern part of Northern Cape, up to the border with the Free State, where it may also be present (Figure 8).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFCAFF42FF6DFB3384604CFA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Khoisan albogibbosus shares the character of 3 - segmented funicles with K. triarthrus, which differs in having the elytra with narrow, inconspicuous punctures, the tubercles with orange or brown to black scales, the elytral scales erect, often pedunculate and the basal dorsal tubercles broad, elongate.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD7FF40FF6DFE6783AC4F6A.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 9 BAC 84 C 0 - A 334 - 416 F- 9 CDD- 43 ACD 762265 F Figure 9	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD7FF40FF6DFE6783AC4F6A.taxon	materials_examined	GenBank COI sequence: PV 560672. Type locality: South Africa, Western Cape, W Robertson. Material examined: Holotype: ♂, RSA, Western Cape, R 60 18 km W Robertson, 284 m, 33 ° 45.140 ' S, 19 ° 43.341 ' E [- 33.7523 ° 19.72235 °], 15. xi. 2018, R. Borovec & M. Meregalli lgt., sifting of litter under shrubby Euphorbia (TMSA). Paratypes: 2 ♂♂, same data as the holotype (MMTI, RBSC); 1 ♂, RSA, Western Cape, R 60 18 km E Robertson, 289 m, 33 ° 41.699 ' S, 19 ° 35.784 ' E [- 33.69498 ° 19.59641 °], 15. xi. 2018, R. Borovec & M. Meregalli lgt., sifting of litter under shrubby Euphorbia (MMTI); 1 ♂, RSA Western Cape, R 60, between Worcester & Robertson, 292 m, 33 ° 41.685 ' S, 19 ° 35.802 ' E [- 33.69475 ° 19.5967 °], 24. xi. 2016, R. Borovec & M. Meregalli lgt., sifting of detritus, dead leaves and branches under shrubby Euphorbia (RBSC).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD7FF40FF6DFE6783AC4F6A.taxon	description	Description. Body length 1.75 – 2.06 mm, holotype 2.06 mm. Body dark brownish; antennae and tarsi yellowish to reddish brown, clubs in some specimens slightly darker; apical half of rostrum in males reddish brown, short apical part dark brownish. Scales on basal part of rostrum, pronotum and elytra erect, spaced, regularly inserted, broad, as long as wide, concave, dark brownish to blackish on dorsum of pronotum and elytra, whitish on sides of pronotum and sides and lateral parts of elytral declivity, from interstriae 3; anterior margin of pronotum with a row of translucent whitish scales, dorso-lateral margin of rostrum with a thick layer of pale greyish scales; scales on head brown, on base of rostrum paler; setae sparse, dark, spatulate, one at midlength of sides of pronotum, visible from above, narrow, longer, inserted on top of tubercles on elytra and on tiny tubercles on protibiae. Rostrum in males 2.5 – 2.7 × as long as wide at base; in lateral view 1.1 – 1.15 × as long as pronotum. Basal half of rostrum in dorsal view in males distinctly tapered apicad, with rounded sides; apical half of rostrum distinctly narrower than basal part, linearly broadened to apex; rostrum at base 1.9 – 2 × as wide as at apex. In lateral view rostrum sharply, subangularly curved at midlength in males. Antennal insertions before apical 2 / 3 of length. Scapes slender, 1.6 – 1.75 × as long as funicle, at apex 0.7 – 0.8 × as wide as club; funicles 4 - segmented with first segment long, subglobose and last segment transverse; segment 1 1.3 – 1.4 × as long as wide and 1.6 – 1.7 × as long as segment 2, this 1.1 – 1.2 × as long as wide; segment 3 1.1 – 1.2 × as wide as long; segment 4 1.4 – 1.5 × as wide as long; clubs 1.8 – 1.9 × as long as wide. Pronotum 0.95 – 1.07 × as long as wide, widest at anterior third, distinctly constricted behind anterior margin and regularly tapered basad; dorso-lateral and lateral humps low, small, almost indistinct; base weakly curved, apex moderately prominent above head, slightly raised in profile, slightly curved, not sinuate at middle. Elytra oval, 1.09 – 1.16 × as long as wide; punctures of striae small, shallow, distantly spaced, scarcely visible; interstriae 1 with small tubercle on declivity, interstriae 3 weakly convex, tubercles not distinct; interstriae 5 with two oblong, moderately raised tubercles on basal part, interstriae 7 with 4 tubercles, equally spaced, basal one low, median tubercle obtusely raised, two post-median tubercles narrowly conically raised, acute. Protibiae robust, 2.8 – 2.9 × as long as wide at apex, with three granules on external side, slightly inflated at midlength, broadened towards apex, apex straight, lacking distinct spines. Penis 2.6 – 2.8 × as long as wide, in dorsal view in basal half subparallel-sided, in apical half narrowly subtriangular with straight sides, lamella elongate, narrowly rounded; ostium with sides almost subparallel basally; in lateral view regularly curved, evenly tapered apicad. Endophallus with transverse, semicircular sclerites. Female genitalia not known.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD7FF40FF6DFE6783AC4F6A.taxon	biology_ecology	Bionomics. All specimens were sifted from litter under shrubby Euphorbia.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD7FF40FF6DFE6783AC4F6A.taxon	etymology	Derivation of the name. This species is named in honour of Gregor Johann Mendel (1822 – 1884), author of ‘ Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden ’ [Experiments on Plant Hybrids] (Mendel 1866), in which he published the results of his experiments on plant hybrids, which gave rise to modern genetics; Mendel was also the first to lay the mathematical foundations of science.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD7FF40FF6DFE6783AC4F6A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Africa, southern part of Western Cape, south of the Langeberg mountains (Figure 18).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD7FF40FF6DFE6783AC4F6A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Khoisan mendeli shares the character of 4 - segmented funicles with K. harani and K. umbrosus. The former differs in having the penis with a short apical lamella and sides sinuate anteriorly and the ostium with sides rounded basally, the blackish elytra and rostrum, the scapes almost twice as long as the funicles, the broad, obtuse elytral tubercles, the larger size and the elytral sides sublinearly tapered at apex; K. umbrosus, other than for the penis with short apical lamella, mainly differs in having highly raised elytral tubercles, with a dense coating of scales, and a dark brown apical part of rostrum, antennae and tarsi.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD5FF46FF6DFD1784914CFA.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: BFEC 276 F- 2 C 6 C- 4 A 32 - B 406 - 3 E 945 EC 38 EDF Figure 10	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD5FF46FF6DFD1784914CFA.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: South Africa, Western Cape, ca. 50 km NE of Ceres. Holotype: ♂, RSA Western Cape, Crossing R 355 – R 356, 747 m, 33 ° 12.345 ' S, 19 ° 43.771 ' E [- 33.20575 ° 19.72952 °], 13. xi. 2018, R. Borovec lgt., sifting of litter under shrubby Euphorbia (TMSA).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD5FF46FF6DFD1784914CFA.taxon	description	Description. Body length of holotype 2.23 mm. Elytra and rostrum blackish, pronotum brownish, antennal clubs dark brown, antennal scapes and funicles, legs with tarsi and ventrites yellowish. Scales on basal part of rostrum, pronotum and elytra erect, spaced, broad, as long as wide, concave, with thickened margins, dark brownish to blackish on dorsum of pronotum and elytra, pale ochreous or whitish on sides of pronotum and sides and lateral parts of elytral declivity, from interstriae 3, slightly more thickened on tubercles, scales on head and base of rostrum ochreous, towards antennal insertions white; setae sparse, dark, short, usually inconspicuous, inserted on top of tubercles on elytra and on tiny tubercles on protibiae. Rostrum 2.38 × as long as wide at base; in lateral view 1.18 × as long as pronotum; basal half of rostrum in dorsal view distinctly tapered apicad with straight sides; sides strongly narrowed beyond antennal insertion, distinctly broadened to apex; rostrum at base 1.9 × as wide as at apex; antennal insertions before apical 2 / 3 of length. Scapes slender, 1.94 × as long as funicle, at apex 0.64 × as wide as club; funicles 4 - segmented with first segment oblong; segment 1 1.8 × as long as wide and 1.8 × as long as segment 2, this 1.5 × as long as wide; segments 3 and 4 as long as wide; clubs 2.2 × as long as wide. Pronotum as long as wide, widest at midlength, scarcely constricted behind anterior margin, regularly tapered basad; dorso-lateral and lateral humps low, small, almost indistinct. Base weakly curved, anterior margin moderately prominent above head, slightly raised in profile, slightly curved, not sinuate at middle. Elytra subtriangular, as long as wide; punctures of striae small, shallow, distantly spaced, scarcely visible, slightly broader on sides; interstriae 2 with tubercle on declivity, interstriae 3 with tubercle before declivity; tubercles on interstriae 5 low, scarcely raised, interstriae 7 with four larger tubercles, first two obtuse, moderately raised, two post-median higher, rounded on top, and a minute subapical additional tubercle. Protibiae robust, 3.6 × as long as wide at apex, with small raised granules on external side, slightly broadened towards apex, apex straight, lacking spines. Penis 2.6 × as long as wide, in dorsal view in basal half slightly concave, in apical half curved, sinuate before small rounded apical lamella; ostium with sides convergent basally; in lateral view regularly curved, evenly tapered apicad. Endophallus with small oblong sclerite. Female genitalia not known.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD5FF46FF6DFD1784914CFA.taxon	biology_ecology	Bionomics. The type specimen was found by sifting litter under a shrubby Euphorbia in dry habitats. This species is a taxonomic and biogeographical vicariant of K. mendeli. The two species are separated by the Langeberg, a mountain range aligned in a west-east direction, which forms an important barrier between the drier, higheraltitude plateau to the north and the lower, more humid coastal plains to the south.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD5FF46FF6DFD1784914CFA.taxon	etymology	Derivation of the name. This species is named after our friend Julien Haran (Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Montpellier, France), who very kindly assisted us during our stay in Stellenbosch, showing us some interesting habitats. During his research in South Africa he also found some specimens of Khoisan umbrosus.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD5FF46FF6DFD1784914CFA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Africa, Western Cape, plateau north of the Langeberg (Figure 18).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD5FF46FF6DFD1784914CFA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Khoisan mendeli differs from K. harani in having the penis longer, with a narrow apical lamella and the ostium with sides subparallel basally, the elytra dark reddish, the rostrum reddish, the elytral tubercles small and narrow, with those on interstriae 7 acutely pointed, and the scapes shorter; in K. umbrosus the penis has a slightly longer apical lamella and the elytra have a dense coating of scales around the higher tubercles.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD3FF44FF6DFE6784E34FD2.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 4 A 0 F 47 D 6 - 1 B 1 C- 450 B-B 01 A-EC 5108 A 62265 Figure 11	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD3FF44FF6DFE6784E34FD2.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: South Africa, Western Cape, Stellenbosh. Material examined: Holotype: ♂, RSA Western Cape, Stellenbosch, Marais Park, 121 m, 33 ° 55.848 ' S, 18 ° 52.630 ' E [- 33.93081 ° 18.87716 °], 15. x. 2019, R. Borovec & M. Meregalli lgt., sifting under Oxalis sp. in border of forest (TMSA). Paratypes: 3 ♀♀, same data as holotype (MMTI, RBSC); 6 ex. RSA Western Cape, Stellenbosch, Marais Park, - 33.964452 ° 18.876308 °, 07. ix. 2018 (4 ex), 27. vi. 2019 (2 ex), Julien Haran legit, JHAR 2573, from the base of Oxalis purpurea and Oxalis obtusa (CBGP); 3 ex RSA, Western Cape, Tygerberg, - 33.875 ° 18.596 °, Julien Haran legit, JHAR 1213 (CBGP).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD3FF44FF6DFE6784E34FD2.taxon	description	Description. Body length 2.13 – 2.75 mm, holotype 2.31 mm. Body including antennae and legs dark brownish. Scales on basal part of rostrum, pronotum and elytra broad, longitudinally concave, on elytra aligned in one row along even interstriae, regularly spaced, on tubercles scales longer, densely packed; scales with border thickened, internal part very thin, on middle of pronotum and base of elytra brown, on dorso-lateral and lateral parts of pronotum and elytra, on rostrum, legs and underside of body whitish, translucent or pale ochreous, round, appressed to integument; setae dark brown, narrow, long, erect, inserted on top of tubercles, on anterior margin of pronotum, along scaled part of rostrum, one long erect seta on medial expansion of protibiae. Rostrum in male 2.94 × as long as wide at base, in females 3.14 – 3.38 × as long as wide at base; in lateral view in both sexes 1.1 × as long as pronotum; in both sexes in basal part evenly tapering apicad with sinuate sides, apical part narrower than basal part, with slightly concave sides, broadened apicad; rostrum at base in male 1.42 × as wide as at apex, in females 1.27 – 1.33 × as wide as at apex. Antennal insertions at apical third. Scapes slender, distinctly curved, 1.6 – 1.7 × as long as funicle, at apex 0.7 – 0.8 × as wide as club; funicles 4 - segmented, first two segments conical; segment 1 twice as long as wide and twice as long as segment 2, this 1.4 – 1.5 × as long as wide; segment 3 as long as wide to 1.1 × as wide as long; segment 4 1.1 – 1.2 × as wide as long; clubs 1.6 – 1.7 × as long as wide. Head moderately concave in lateral view. Pronotum 1.04 – 1.09 × as wide as long, widest at anterior third, distinctly constricted behind anterior margin, regularly tapered basad. Dorsum flat, with two distinct humps in median part and four humps on dorso-lateral parts, a tubercle on sides at point of maximum width, before anterior constriction, lateral parts with two tubercles, with an additional hump on sides; anterior margin not swollen, moderately prominent above head. Base and apex slightly arched. Elytra oval, 1.03 – 1.08 × as long as wide; striae broad, with deep round punctures, on dorsum wider than width of interstriae, on sides as wide as width of interstriae, punctures curved around tubercles; interstriae 2 with small tubercle on dorsum, another one before declivity, and a smaller one at apex, interstriae 3 with five tubercles, one broad at base, two on dorsum, one on declivity and one at apex, interstriae 5 with two tubercles at midlength, interstriae 7 with four tubercles along sides, equally spaced. Legs short, protibiae angularly broadened outwards before apex, much narrowed at apex, 2.6 × as long as wide at subapical expansion, 4.8 × as long as wide at apex. Penis 3.44 × as long as wide, in dorsal view at basal half with slightly rounded sides, at apical half tapered apicad with slightly sinuate sides, lamella narrowly rounded; in lateral view regularly curved, evenly tapered apicad, sharply pointed. Endophallus not examined. Spermatheca with slender, regularly curved cornu; corpus large, rounded; ramus and collum very small, hump-shaped, almost indistinct.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD3FF44FF6DFE6784E34FD2.taxon	biology_ecology	Bionomics. The type material was sifted below trees in a park, from a shallow layer of litter with Oxalis plants, and on the hill in Cape Town, again at the base of an Oxalis plant (Haran, personal communication).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD3FF44FF6DFE6784E34FD2.taxon	etymology	Derivation of the name. The species epithet is formed from the Latin noun umbra, shadow, and refers to the place where the specimens were found, a cool, shady spot under trees, in contrast to the usually dry and sunny habitats where the other species of the genus were found. The name is an adjective.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD3FF44FF6DFE6784E34FD2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South-western part of Western Cape province, on a hill in Cape Town and in Stellenbosh (Figure 18).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD3FF44FF6DFE6784E34FD2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species shares the character of 4 - segmented funicles with K. mendeli and K. harani, which differ in having scarcely raised elytral tubercles and lacking a denser coating of scales; the former also has a reddish apex of the rostrum, legs and tarsi and the penis with straight sides and a more elongate lamella.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD1FF4AFF6DFD4F81074E42.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 4492 D 961 - FDEB- 4 C 60 - AD 30 - 3 E 09 CA 395 BA 6 Figure 12	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD1FF4AFF6DFD4F81074E42.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: South Africa, Western Cape, Karroo NP, Klipspringer´s Pass. Material examined: Holotype: ♂, RSA Western Cape, Karroo NP, Klipspringer´s Pass, 1231 m, 32 ° 17.733 ' S, 22 ° 26.987 ' E [- 32.29555 ° 22.44978 °], 5. xi. 2018, R. Borovec & M. Meregalli lgt. (TMSA). Paratypes: 2 ex, same data as holotype (RBSC, MMTI); 1 ♀, RSA Western Cape, Karroo NP, antenna, 1821 m, 32 ° 15.248 ' S, 22 ° 30.327 ' E [- 32.25413 ° 22.50545 °], 20. x. 2019, R. Borovec & M. Meregalli lgt., sifting under different shrubs in fynbos (MMTI).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD1FF4AFF6DFD4F81074E42.taxon	description	Description. Body length 2.06 – 2.51 mm, holotype 2.06 mm. Body black including apical part of rostrum and antennae, short basal part of scapes and tarsi dark brown. Scales pale ochre-coloured, concave, narrowly pedunculate, erect on pronotum and elytra, on head, rostrum and underside round, almost appressed to integument; on pronotum sparse, distantly inserted on dorsum, tightly packed on anterior margin, on dorsal tubercles and sides, on elytra aligned in two – three irregular rows on interstriae, reciprocally isolate, not obscuring integument, densely packed on top of tubercles, forming a fan-shaped coating, lower part of tubercle unscaled, scales on legs erect, lighter; setae dark brown, very narrow, inserted on top of tubercles on pronotum and elytra, four on anterior margin and sides of pronotum, few setae also present on rostrum and legs. Rostrum equally long in both sexes, in ♂ 2.4 – 2.5 × as long as wide at base; in lateral view 0.8 × as long as pronotum; in basal part subparallel in males, slightly narrower and tapered in females, in both sexes abruptly tapered before antennal insertions, 1.3 × as wide at base as at antennal insertion, in both sexes at base 1.53 – 1.61 × as wide as at apex; apical part of rostrum slightly enlarged anteriorly. Antennal insertions between midlength and apical third. Scapes short and slender, 1.4 – 1.5 × as long as funicle, at apex 0.6 – 0.7 × as wide as club; funicles 5 - segmented with first segment longer than others; segment 1 1.3 – 1.4 × as long as wide and 1.4 – 1.5 × as long as segment 2, this 1.1 – 1.2 × as long as wide; segments 3 and 4 as long as wide; segment 5 1.2 – 1.3 × as wide as long; clubs 1.5 – 1.7 × as long as wide. Pronotum as long as wide or slightly transverse, strongly constricted behind anterior margin, sides sublinear, weakly tapering basad; surface with large round punctures, disc flat, with two dorsal tubercles and two lower humps towards base, anterior margin with four low tubercles; sides with one raised tubercle at point of maximum width, and a lower tubercle towards base; in lateral view tubercles distinctly raised, anterior margin swollen upwards, slightly prominent above head. Base slightly arched. Elytra 1.05 – 1.15 × as long as wide. Striae with deep round punctures, regularly impressed, as wide as width of interstriae, interstriae 2 with tubercle on dorsum, before declivity, interstriae 3 with two low humps on basal part and one raised tubercle at beginning of declivity, interstriae 4 with basal low hump, interstriae 5 with three tubercles on dorsum and declivity, interstriae 7 with four highly prominent tubercles, regularly spaced from base to apex. Legs short, protibiae enlarged at midlength, external margin with raised conical granules, narrowed at apex; apex with three large dark spines. Penis 2.2 × as long as wide, widest at apical quarter, here with regularly curved sides, basally slightly tapered, subparallel-sided at basal half, apically constricted, with shortly sinuate sides before short, narrowly rounded tip; in lateral view regularly curved, evenly tapered apicad, sharply pointed. Endophallus with two short, transversely placed sclerites. Spermatheca with regularly curved cornu; corpus large, rounded; ramus not developed; collum short, tube-shaped, directed forward.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD1FF4AFF6DFD4F81074E42.taxon	biology_ecology	Bionomics. The type specimens were sifted from litter under various small shrubs in mountain fynbos.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD1FF4AFF6DFD4F81074E42.taxon	etymology	Derivation of the name. This species takes its name from the Karoo biome and the Karoo National Park, in which the type series was found. The name is an adjective.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD1FF4AFF6DFD4F81074E42.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Africa, Western Cape, Karoo National Park, in the lower areas and up to the highest peak of the park (Figure 18).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFD1FF4AFF6DFD4F81074E42.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Among the species with 5 - segmented funicles, K. maddocki is easily distinguishable from K. karooicus by its very high pronotal and elytral tubercles, its pronotum being longer than wide, scarcely broadened before the anterior constriction, and by its penis having a very slender apex. Khoisan javalae differs in having a brownish integument, the strial punctures small, the scales arranged in one irregular row, dense and raised on declivity, and the penis narrowed anteriorly, whereas K. oneili has the pronotum very strongly narrowed anteriorly, beyond the point of maximum width, and its sides are distinctly narrowed posteriorly; the lateral interstriae have sparse scales.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDFFF48FF6DFCFF82164E0A.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: EBCFA 253 - 3206 - 4 FCA- 9155 - 252 EC 979 A 893 Figure 13	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDFFF48FF6DFCFF82164E0A.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: South Africa, Eastern Cape c., Blinkwater env., pr. Fort Beaufort. Material examined: Holotype: ♂, South Africa, Eastern Cape c., Blinkwater env., pr. Fort Beaufort, 550 m, 32 ° 42.9 ' S, 26 ° 35.8 ' E [- 32.715 ° 26.597 °], 27. xi. 2018, M. Košťál lgt. (TMSA). Paratype: 1 ♂, same data as the holotype (MKSS); 2 ♂♂, same data as the holotype, but 12. xi. 2023, R. Borovec legit, sifting under various plants in perennial vegetation (RBSC, MMTI).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDFFF48FF6DFCFF82164E0A.taxon	description	Description. Body length 2.53 – 2.56 mm, holotype 2.56 mm. Elytra black, tubercles, pronotum, legs and antennae dark reddish, rostrum and tarsi almost black. Scales on pronotum and elytral interstriae, excluding tubercles, rostrum, anterior part of scapes and legs pale ochreous, erect, oval, scales on tubercles, margin of pronotum and base of elytra white, long narrowly pedunculate, concave, on dorsum of pronotum scales sparse, unscaled spaces amidst scales broader than diameter of one scale, on elytral interstriae sparse, not regularly aligned in rows, scales on tubercles mainly inserted on apical part, base of tubercles unscaled, scales on legs triangular, thick, raised; setae dark brownish, narrow, contrasting with white scales, inserted on top of tubercles on pronotum and elytra, two – three setae inserted amidst scales on rostrum and near apex of scapes; surface of pronotum with extremely fine, narrow hair-like setae. Rostrum in males 2.31 – 2.41 × as long as wide, basal part evenly tapered anteriad with straight sides, curved towards antennal insertions; in lateral view 0.7 – 0.8 × as long as pronotum; at base 1.85 – 1.90 × as wide as at apex, apical part slightly enlarged apicad, in lateral view weakly and regularly curved. Antennal insertions between midlength and apical third. Scapes slender, 1.7 – 1.8 × as long as funicle, at apex 0.8 – 0.9 × as wide as club; funicles 5 - segmented with first segment relatively elongate, the others short; segment 1 1.4 – 1.5 × as long as wide and 1.5 – 1.6 × as long as segment 2, this 1.1 – 1.2 × as long as wide; segments 3 and 4 as long as wide; segment 5 1.1 – 1.2 × as wide as long, broader than previous; clubs 1.6 – 1.7 × as long as wide. Pronotum 1 – 1.12 × as long as wide, subcylindrical, slightly constricted behind anterior margin; disc flat, with two median tubercles and two tubercles near base, anterior margin with four humps protruding from anterior margin, sides with two conical tubercles, almost 2 × as long as wide at base, and one smaller narrower tubercle near lower margin; base slightly arched. Elytra 1.06 – 1.09 × as long as wide, striae with deep round punctures, distance between two consecutive punctures as long as diameter of one puncture or slightly shorter, punctures broader than width of interstriae; interstriae 2 with tubercle at midlength and before apex, interstriae 3 with three tubercles, one on first third, one on declivity and one at apex, interstriae 5 with tubercle at midlength, interstriae 7 with four tubercles; all tubercles long conical, very prominent, acutely pointed, on interstriae 7 up to 2 × as long as wide at base. Legs short, protibiae narrow, apparently thick because of dense coating of suberect scales, with median and subapical granules, apex narrowed, with three – four strong blackish spines. Penis slender and long, 5.2 × as long as wide, subparallel-sided along entire length in dorsal view, apically with rounded sides and elongate to slender, moderately long tip; in lateral view only slightly curved, widest at basal third, apically elongate to long, slender, straight tip. Endophallus not examined.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDFFF48FF6DFCFF82164E0A.taxon	biology_ecology	Bionomics. The known specimens were sifted in a dry, open countryside with grasses and shrubs, from roots of small vegetation (Figure 14).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDFFF48FF6DFCFF82164E0A.taxon	etymology	Derivation of the name. This species is named after the musician James Maddock, from New York, U. S. A., a very close friend of the first author.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDFFF48FF6DFCFF82164E0A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Africa, Eastern Cape, in the vicinity of Fort Beaufort (Figure 18).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDFFF48FF6DFCFF82164E0A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new species is similar to K. karooicus and K. javalae, which differ in having broader pronotum and elytra, the pronotum strongly compressed anteriorly and the elytra only slightly longer than wide, the apex of the pronotum with very short, barely distinct tubercles, the tubercles on interstriae 7 at most 1.5 × as long as wide at base and the penis with sides shortly convergent at apex; in K. karooicus additionally the scales on the interstriae are arranged in two to three regular rows.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDCFF4FFF6DFF0E827A4B5A.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: F 563 F 62 A-AC 54 - 424 C-BFC 7 - 9 B 58984 E 4 C 3 E Figure 15	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDCFF4FFF6DFF0E827A4B5A.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: South Africa, Western Cape, south of Ladismith. Material examined: Holotype: ♂, RSA, Western Cape, S Ladismith to Riversdale, 277 m, 33 ° 40.566 ' S, 21 ° 10.527 ' E, 27. x. 2019, R. Borovec & M. Meregalli lgt., Sifting of litter under shrubby Euphorbia (TMSA). Paratypes: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype (MMTI, RBSC).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDCFF4FFF6DFF0E827A4B5A.taxon	description	Description. Body length 2.19 – 2.31 mm, holotype 2.31 mm. Body brownish, antennae darker. Scales pale ochre-coloured, erect, oval or longer, narrowly pedunculate, oval on dorsum of pronotum, elytral interstriae, head, rostrum, anterior part of scapes, legs and underside, longer, pedunculate on anterior margin of pronotum, base of elytra, around and on top of tubercles, on pronotum sparse on dorsum, denser on anterior margin and dorsal tubercles, on elytra aligned in one – two irregular rows on interstriae, reciprocally isolate, not hiding integument, denser on declivity, distance between two consecutive scales at most as long as length of one scale, scales on tubercles dense, tightly packed; setae thin, pale brown, erect, inserted on top of tubercles. Rostrum in males wider, 2.5 × as long as wide, in basal part sides weakly tapered, in females 3 × as long as wide, in basal part slenderer; in lateral view strongly curved at point of antennal insertion, in both sexes as long as pronotum, beyond antennal insertion slightly enlarged apicad, with slightly concave sides. Antennal insertions between midlength and apical third. Scapes 1.35 – 1.45 × as long as funicle, at apex subequal in width as club; funicles 5 - segmented, first segment long, the others short; segment 1 1.8 – 1.9 × as long as wide and 1.4 – 1.5 × as long as funicle 2, this 1.2 – 1.3 × as long as wide; segment 3 1.1 × as long as wide; segment 4 as long as wide, segment 5 1.1 – 1.2 × as wide as long; clubs 1.7 × as long as wide. Pronotum as long as wide, moderately constricted behind anterior margin; disc flat, with two median moderately raised humps, and two more humps before posterior margin; anterior margin broad, ratio width at anterior lateral tubercle / width at apex 1.40 – 1.45, strongly curved, prominent above head, with two lateral tubercles, sides with strong tubercle at point of maximum width, behind anterior constriction, linearly and distinctly converging basad, base arched. Elytra in males 1.02 – 1.05 × as long as wide, in females 1.08 – 1.12 × as long as wide, striae with narrow punctures, as wide as interstriae; interstriae 2 with low tubercle at beginning of declivity, interstriae 3 with basal tubercle, followed by two dorsal low tubercles and a low tubercle at apex, interstriae 5 with three low tubercles, interstriae 7 with four, more raised tubercles, equally spaced from base to apex. Legs short, protibiae relatively slender, 3.28 × as long as wide at point of maximum width, moderately broadened towards apical third, with small granules, slightly constricted apically, apex with few rigid brownish spines. Penis 2.4 – 2.6 × as long as wide, widest at basal two thirds, here subparallel-sided with slightly rounded sides, at apical third constricted, slightly evenly tapered apicad with straight sides, apex subtriangular with shortly slightly sinuate sides and short, rounded tip; in lateral view regularly curved, evenly tapered apicad, sharply regularly pointed. Endophallus with two small, hammer-shaped sclerites. Spermatheca not examined.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDCFF4FFF6DFF0E827A4B5A.taxon	biology_ecology	Bionomics. The type material was sifted below a large shrub of Euphorbia mauritanica on a slope with Fynbos vegetation (Figure 16).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDCFF4FFF6DFF0E827A4B5A.taxon	etymology	Derivation of the name. We name this species after Marion Javal, Julien Haran’s wife and researcher at the Institute for Research and Development, Montpellier (France), acknowledging her hospitality during our visit in Stellenbosch. We are pleased to have named two species of this new, fascinating genus after Marion and her husband Julien.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDCFF4FFF6DFF0E827A4B5A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Africa, southern part of Western Cape, between Ladismith and Roberston (Figure 18).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDCFF4FFF6DFF0E827A4B5A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Among the species of Khoisan with 5 - segmented funicles, K. maddocki differs from K. javalae in having blackish elytra, with very high tubercles, the pronotum longer than wide, the rostrum moderately curved in lateral view and the penis with elongate apical lamella, whereas K. karooicus differs in having a blackish elytral integument, the punctures on the elytral striae broader than the width of the interstriae, with scales arranged in two to three rows, the pronotum with sides subparallel towards the base and the penis with shortly convergent sides, and K. oneili differs in having a pronotum with narrower apex, the anterior tubercles of the sides strongly prominent outwards, the ratio width at the anterior lateral tubercle / width at the anterior margin 1.6 – 1.7, the elytral tubercles in lateral view high and the penis short.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDAFF72FF6DF9C685524EF2.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 38 E 1 C 584 - 9 F 7 F- 4995 - 953 C- 9007 D 3080 DCB Figure 17	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDAFF72FF6DF9C685524EF2.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: South Africa, Eastern Cape, Uitenhage. Material examined: Holotype: ♀, Uitenhage [- 33.77 °, 25.40 °], Cape Col., Rev. O’Neil (NHMUK). Paratypes: same data as the holotype, 1 ♀ (NHMUK); 1 ♂, Dunbrody [- 33.46 ° 25.54 °], 13 / 2 / 04 (NHMUK).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDAFF72FF6DF9C685524EF2.taxon	description	Description. Body length 2.25 – 2.70 mm, holotype 2.70 mm. Body brownish, apical half of antennae and tarsi darker. Scales pale ochre-coloured, concave, those on tubercles pedunculate, erect on pronotum and elytra, anterior margin of pronotum, base of elytra, and dorso-lateral sides of rostrum, smaller and sub-erect on head, rostrum, anterior part of scapes, legs and underside; on pronotum sparse, distantly spaced on dorsum, denser on anterior margin and tubercles, on elytra aligned in one – two irregular rows on interstriae, reciprocally isolate, not obscuring integument, rather dense, distance between two adjacent scales at most as long as length of one scale, scales on tubercles dense, tightly packed, on tubercles of interstriae 7 mainly inserted on apical part, base of tubercles unscaled; setae very thin, pale brown, inserted on top of tubercles on pronotum, elytra and tibiae, surface of pronotum with few very thin hair-like setae. Rostrum 3 × as long as wide in both sexes, in males more robust, sides linearly slightly convergent basad, in lateral view strongly curved before point of antennal insertions in males, in female more regularly curved, in male as long as pronotum, in female slightly longer than pronotum; in both sexes with apical part slightly enlarged apicad with slightly concave sides. Antennal insertions between midlength and apical third. Scapes 1.35 × as long as funicle, at apex 0.6 × as wide as width of club; funicles 5 - segmented, first segment long, others short, segment 1 1.8 – 1.9 × as long as wide and 2 × as long as segment 2, this 1.2 – 1.3 × as long as wide, segment 3 1.1 × as long as wide, segments 4 and 5 1.1 – 1.2 × as wide as long, 4 slightly smaller than 5; clubs 2 × as long as wide. Pronotum slightly transverse, 0.94 × as long as wide, strongly constricted behind anterior margin, ratio width before constriction / width at apex 1.6 – 1.7; disc flat, with two median high tubercles and two humps before posterior margin, anterior margin with four tubercles, margin prominent above head between median tubercles, sides with strong anterior lateral tubercle, with another tubercle behind and additional smaller tubercle near lower margin, in intermediate position between other two; sides distinctly convergent basad, base arched. Elytra in ♂ 1.05 × as long as wide, in ♀ 1.08 × as long as wide, striae with narrow punctures, smaller than interstriae; interstriae 2 with low tubercle at beginning of declivity, interstriae 3 with two conical tubercles on dorsum, followed by a high tubercle on declivity and a lower one at apex, interstriae 5 with three tubercles, interstriae 7 with four long conical tubercles, more raised than those on dorsum, as long as wide at base, equally spaced from base to apex. Legs short, protibiae short, 2.45 × as long as wide at point of maximum width, triangularly broadened before apex, with external subapical tubercle, narrowed at apex, with very short apical spines. Penis short, 1.8 × as long as wide, widest at basal two thirds, here narrowly curved with sinuate sides, in apical third constricted, apex very shortly rounded; in lateral view regularly curved, evenly tapered apicad, sharply regularly pointed. Endophallus with small rounded sclerite. Spermatheca with slender curved cornu; corpus rounded; ramus indistinct, very small, hump-shaped; collum tube-shaped, short, directed upwards.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDAFF72FF6DF9C685524EF2.taxon	biology_ecology	Bionomics. No data available	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDAFF72FF6DF9C685524EF2.taxon	etymology	Derivation of the name. This species is named after Rev. Joseph A. O’Neil (1867 – 1952), who was among the first entomologist to carry out extensive research in the Uitenhage District (Plug, 2020) and collected all the known specimens of this species.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDAFF72FF6DF9C685524EF2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. South Africa, southern part of Western Cape, in the surroundings of Gqeberha (formerly Port Elizabeth) (Figure 18).	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
057E87A4FFDAFF72FF6DF9C685524EF2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Among the species of Khoisan with 5 - segmented funicles, K. javelae differs from K. oneili in having the anterior lateral tubercles of the pronotum moderately expanded outwards, with the maximum width behind the tubercles, the sides less constricted anteriorly, the apex broader (ratio of maximum width / width at apex 1.40 – 1.45), the elytra with dense raised scales on the declivity, the protibiae scarcely thickened and enlarged before the apex, the elytra in profile with scarcely raised tubercles and the penis shorter, with the sides apically elongate between the first constriction and the apical curvature, whereas K. maddocki differs in having very high elytral tubercles, the pronotum longer than wide, the rostrum moderately curved in lateral view and the penis with elongate apical lamella and K. karooicus differs in having broader elytra, with striae wider than interstriae, with the scales arranged in two to three rows, the pronotum with sides subparallel towards the base and the penis with shortly convergent sides.	en	Meregalli, Massimo, Borovec, Roman (2025): Khoisan, a new genus of Cyclominae from South Africa, with nine new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Zootaxa 5646 (1): 1-37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5646.1.1
