taxonID	type	description	language	source
0D108048FFAF4A5C7CA9FA6FFE5278BF.taxon	description	Two genera stand out as the most diverse in Brazil, Acanthoscelides (Bruchini) and Amblycerus (Amblycerini) with 70 and 63 Brazilian species, respectively. A catalog of the Brazilian species of Amblycerus was published by Ribeiro-Costa et al. (2018) with the aim of stimulating new studies on this genus, which still has many Brazilian species to be described and is in need of phylogenetic analyses based on a wider taxon sampling. On the other hand, while Acanthoscelides is the most diverse genus in the group, many species remain poorly studied. Many scientists have described Brazilian bruchines, but three stand out as the most prolific: the French Maurice Pic (82 species), the Brazilian Cibele Stramare Ribeiro-Costa (53 species; 25 with co-authors) and the American John Mark Kingsolver (1925 – 2013) (37 species; 11 with co-authors). Other researchers worth mentioning who have significantly contributed to our understanding of Brazilian bruchines are the American Clarence Dan Johnson (1931 – 2005) and the Argentinian Arturo Luis Teràn (1932 – 2016). Bruchines are one of the few chrysomelid subfamilies with a published world catalog (Udayagiri and Wadhi 1989), an overview of world genera (Borowiec 1987), as well as a complex treatment of the Nearctic fauna (Kingsolver 2004), and a subject of a book chapter (Ribeiro-Costa and Almeida 2012). Aspects of the natural history of Brazilian species have been recently investigated by Linzmeier et al. (2004), Sari and Ribeiro-Costa (2005), Grenha et al. (2008), Rodrigues et al. (2012), and Sousa-Lopes et al. (2019).	en	Linzmeier, Adelita M., Moura, Luciano de A., Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S., Manfio, Daiara, Agrain, Federico, Chamorro, Maria L., Morse, Geoffrey E., Regalin, Renato, Sekerka, Lukáš (2024): An overview of the Brazilian Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): the most species-rich beetle family in Brazil. Zoologia (e 23092) 41: 1-21, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e23092, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e23092
0D108048FFAE4A5F7F1FFE0AFE7D7E89.taxon	description	This subfamily is mostly distributed in the tropics and subtropics and their diversity rapidly decreases towards the poles. The larvae and adults usually feed on open leaf surfaces, however, there are species known to have larvae that mine leaves or bore into stems. Exophagous larvae are eruciform and due to the vertically oriented anus, bear a characteristic fecal coating or shields formed of digestive wasted that can cover partially or totally the larva; the majority of species occurs mostly in disturbed secondary habitats, i. e. forest edges, stream banks and other open areas (Vencl et al. 2004). Host plants association in Criocerinae are relatively well known in comparison to other chrysomelid subfamilies, but the natural history is poorly known, except for some species considered pests (Schmitt 1988, Jolivet 1988). Criocerinae are primarily associated with monocotyledons. The most frequently utilized families are Commelinaceae, Liliales (mainly Liliaceae and Smilacaceae but also others), Dioscoreaceae, Poaceae, and nearly all families of Zingiberales; some species also colonized dicotyledons, mainly Solanaceae and, also Piperaceae and Basellaceae (Schmitt 1988, Vencl et al. 2004, Vencl and Leschen 2014). New World Criocerinae fauna is rich and contains nearly 500 species, mainly belonging to the tribe Lemiini. Criocerini are represented by Metopoceris Heinze, 1931 (19 spp.), and a few species of Lilioceris and Crioceris that colonized the New World becoming pests, since these genera have the center of diversity in the Oriental Region, being widespread in the Old World (Vencl and Leschen 2014). Neotropical criocerine species were intensively studied by F. A. Monrós, although he worked predominantly on the Argentinean fauna (e. g. Monrós 1956 c). Monrós (1960) also published an overview of genera and catalog of species. The Brazilian fauna of Criocerinae is represented by 136 species (27 % of New World, and 9 % of world fauna), most belonging to Lema. Three species belong to Plectonycha Lacordaire, 1845 and one to Lilioceris. Since the Brazilian fauna of Criocerinae has not been well studied we anticipate that many more species can be found in Brazil. Additionally, some species, specially of Lema are known only from the original description, which are mainly based on coloration and might be found to be only color forms of other species. Most of the Brazilian species (77.7 %) were described by three authors: J. T. Lacordaire (51 species), M. Pic (36 species) and F. Monrós (18 species).	en	Linzmeier, Adelita M., Moura, Luciano de A., Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S., Manfio, Daiara, Agrain, Federico, Chamorro, Maria L., Morse, Geoffrey E., Regalin, Renato, Sekerka, Lukáš (2024): An overview of the Brazilian Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): the most species-rich beetle family in Brazil. Zoologia (e 23092) 41: 1-21, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e23092, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e23092
0D108048FFAD4A5F7CA9FD11FBB17A0F.taxon	description	The diversity of Cassidinae is almost equally divided between New and Old World. The New World has 3,173 species in 17 tribes with only the tribe Cassidini being shared between the two regions. Brazil has the highest diversity in the world, with 1,477 species, 826 of which are known only from Brazil. However, the number of truly endemic species is likely much lower, as research in neighboring countries has been limited, and some species are also found in other countries, such as Bolivia (Sekerka, unpubl. data). Most Brazilian taxa have not undergone taxonomic revision since their original description; therefore, a decrease in the number of species can be expected due to synonymy. On the other hand, Brazil likely still has numerous undescribed species, as cassidines (particularly hispine tribes) have cryptic lifestyles and require specific collection methods on their host plants. The most prolific Cassidinae authors were C. H. Boheman (508 spp. ~ 34 %), Franz Spaeth (1863 – 1946) (184 spp. ~ 12 %), J. Weise (127 spp. ~ 8.5 %), Erich Uhmann (1881 – 1968) (112 spp. ~ 7.5 %), J. S. Baly and M. Pic (each 110 spp. ~ 7.4 %). Together these authors described 77.9 % of Brazilian Cassidinae fauna. A large amount of information is summarized and available online, including key to the world genera and photo gallery (to ‘ cassidines’ see Borowiec and Świetojańska (2024); to ‘ hispines’ see Staines (2015 )). Brazilian Cassidinae have been widely studied in terms of ecological and biological aspects since the 1980 ’ s. Many species have been studied in terms of their natural history (e. g., Buzzi 1988, Nogueira-de-Sá and Trigo 2002, Nogueira-de-Sá and Vasconcellos-Neto 2003 b, Flinte et al. 2009 a, Chaboo et al. 2014, Albertoni and Casari 2017), immature stages (e. g., Świętojańska and Medeiros 2007, Fernandes and Buzzi 2007, Casari and Teixeira 2010), and host-plant association (e. g., Medeiros et al. 1996, Nogueira-de-Sá and Vasconcellos-Neto 2003 a, Gomes et al. 2021).	en	Linzmeier, Adelita M., Moura, Luciano de A., Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S., Manfio, Daiara, Agrain, Federico, Chamorro, Maria L., Morse, Geoffrey E., Regalin, Renato, Sekerka, Lukáš (2024): An overview of the Brazilian Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): the most species-rich beetle family in Brazil. Zoologia (e 23092) 41: 1-21, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e23092, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e23092
0D108048FFAD4A5E7F06F99AFD6479E8.taxon	description	Nearly half of the Brazilian species of Eumolpinae were described by Jan and Bohumila Bechyně (e. g., Bechyně 1949, 1953, 1954 a, Bechyně and Bechyně 1964, 1968), who intensively studied Neotropical Eumolpinae. Despite their efforts, many descriptions are based on limited characters to delimit individual taxa. They also proposed numerous aberrations, which were later considered as infrasubspecific entities due to updates of the Code of Zoological Nomenclature (the infrasubspecific rank are not regulated by the Code (Article 1.3.4), since it is not considered an available name unless the provisions of Article 45.6 specify otherwise (ICZN 1999 )). Thus, they started to use subspecies instead. The use of male and female genitalia has only been recently implemented to distinguish among species (Gómez-Zurita and Maes 2022) and are now considered to be fundamental morphological characters in Eumolpinae. Therefore, we expect that the current known diversity of eumolpines will increase with the examination of these features.	en	Linzmeier, Adelita M., Moura, Luciano de A., Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S., Manfio, Daiara, Agrain, Federico, Chamorro, Maria L., Morse, Geoffrey E., Regalin, Renato, Sekerka, Lukáš (2024): An overview of the Brazilian Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): the most species-rich beetle family in Brazil. Zoologia (e 23092) 41: 1-21, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e23092, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e23092
0D108048FFA24A537CA1F9F6FE867F84.taxon	description	Nie et al. (2017 b) summarized that Galerucinae s. str. has 7,145 species (7,132 recent, 13 fossils) and 192 subspecies from 543 genera (542 recent, 1 fossil); Viswajyothi and Clark (2022) updated this number to 544 genera and 7,318 species. Galerucinae s. str. does not have cosmopolitan genera and in the Neotropical region there are 98 recorded genera – 52 of them endemic (Viswajyothi and Clark 2022); this group consists of five tribes: Oidini, Hylaspini, Galerucini, Metacyclini and Luperini – the last three occurring in Brazil, totaling 503 species included in 58 genera. Luperini includes the most species-rich genera of the Neotropical Region: Diabrotica Chevrolat, 1836 with 370 species (138 of these occur in Brazil), Isotes Weise, 1922 with 181 species (38 Brazilian taxa), Acalymma Barber, 1947 with 72 species (13 species listed for Brazil), and Paranapiacaba Bechyně, 1958 with 58 species (20 recorded for Brazil) (Nie et al. 2017 b). The main authors that described Brazilian taxa were the same of Alticini except Gerard Scherer (see below), with addition of Frederick C. Bowditch (1853 – 1825), Doris H. Blake, Jan K. Bechyně and John Avery Wilcox (1921 – 2003). Wilcox (e. g., 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975) published the catalog of world Galerucinae s. str. species known. The tribe Alticini comprises about 10,000 species and over 601 genera worldwide (Douglas et al. 2023). Alticines, or flea-beetles, are mostly represented by small or medium-sized leaf beetles distributed worldwide (with exceptions of Antarctica and some oceanic islands), reaching its highest diversity in the Neotropical Region (Damaška 2017). They are generally recognized by the enlarged hind femora containing the metafemoral spring. The adults and larvae are herbivorous, and most of them show host plant specialization being mono- or oligophagous (Jolivet 1988). The Brazilian Alticini fauna is composed of 1,413 species across 144 genera. The main researchers on this group in Brazil were Jan Bechyně and Bohumila Bechyně whit together described 43.9 % of the species and 41.1 % of the Alticini genera. Hamlet Clark also was an important researcher, having described 31 genera and 246 species (17.4 %). Other significant contributors include Martin Jacoby with 126 described species, Joseph S. Baly with 64 species, Edgar Harold (1830 – 1886) described 63 species, and Gerard Scherer (1929 – 2012) who described 50 species in the 1960 s (Scherer 1960), and published the only key to Neotropical Alticini genera (Scherer 1962, 1983). These seven authors are responsible for describing 82.8 % of the Brazilian Alticini fauna. The most recently described Alticini species have been discovered by sampling moss and leaf litter, habitats that had never been investigated before in Brazil (Linzmeier and Konstantinov 2009, Oliveira et al. 2021). More recently, several studies on ecology (Linzmeier et al. 2006, Rech and Linzmeier 2019), natural history and biology of Alticini have been published (e. g., Del-Claro 1991, Linzmeier et al. 2007, Begha et al. 2021, Antonio et al. 2022). However, much still remains to be explored for this taxon and all other chrysomelid groups.	en	Linzmeier, Adelita M., Moura, Luciano de A., Ribeiro-Costa, Cibele S., Manfio, Daiara, Agrain, Federico, Chamorro, Maria L., Morse, Geoffrey E., Regalin, Renato, Sekerka, Lukáš (2024): An overview of the Brazilian Chrysomelidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): the most species-rich beetle family in Brazil. Zoologia (e 23092) 41: 1-21, DOI: 10.1590/S1984-4689.v41.e23092, URL: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v41.e23092
