identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
3B9D3D6B38C75FD2B983447A057469F4.text	3B9D3D6B38C75FD2B983447A057469F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrobrachium duanense Lan 2017	<div><p>Macrobrachium duanense Lan et al., 2017</p><p>Figs 5, 6, 7</p><p>Macrobrachium duanensis Lan et al., 2017: 61, figs 1–3. Type locality: a cave in Nongchi village, Gaoling Town, Du’an County, Guangxi, China.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>• 2 males (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 490-1 – 2) (tl 53.7–78.2 mm, cl 15.3–20.5 mm, rl 7.2–9.3 mm) and 2 females (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 490-3 – 4) (tl 56.4–67.7 mm, cl 14.0– 17.3 mm, rl 7.4–7.8 mm), Guangxi, Du’an Yao Autonomous County, Disu Town, Xiadiao Village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.984&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.0061" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.984/lat 24.0061)">Shuiyuandi Cave</a>, 24.0061°N, 107.9840°E, 10.IV.2024, Zhou JJ. leg . • 4 females (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 491-1 – 4) (tl 52.7–86.9 mm, cl 13.0– 24.5 mm, rl 6.2–11.2 mm), Guangxi, Du’an, Gaoling Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.0824&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.0095" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.0824/lat 24.0095)">Nongguangshang cave</a>, 24.0095°N, 108.0824°E, alt. 198 m, 16.IV.2023, Zhou JJ. leg . • 3 females (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 492-1 – 3) (tl 39.2–73.1 mm, cl 11.3–19.3 mm, rl 5.3–7.9 mm), Du’an, Nongshui Village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.9981&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.8413" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.9981/lat 23.8413)">Nongshuitun Cave</a>, 23.8413°N, 107.9981°E, 10.IV.2024, Zhou JJ. leg .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Body moderately robust (Fig. 5). Rostrum short and broad, reaching 3 / 4 to 4 / 5 of scaphocerite, 0.4–0.5 times of cl, slightly convex above orbital margin. Dorsal margin with 8–10 teeth (mode 9), including 2–3 teeth behind orbit, starting from about 1 / 4 of carapace length. Dorsal teeth equally spaced, except most posterior tooth more widely spaced than others. Ventral margin with 2–4 teeth (Fig. 6 A).</p><p>Eyes with cornea totally degenerated. Ocular peduncle small, elliptical and non-pigmented (Figs 5, 6 A).</p><p>Carapace (Figs 5, 6 A) smooth and glabrous. Antennal spine small, tip reaching anterolateral margin of carapace. Hepatic spine small, lying behind and below antennal spine.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 5) smooth and glabrous. First to third pleurites broadly rounded, fourth and fifth pleurites slightly produced posteriorly. Sixth somite 1.2–1.5 times as long as fifth somite, with posteroventral angle slightly protruded.</p><p>Telson 1.5 times length of sixth segment, 0.4–0.5 times of cl. Tapered posteriorly, with a sharp point. Dorsal surface with two pairs of spines, occasionally with 1 or 3 teeth. Posterior margin bearing two pairs of lateral spines. Inner spines obviously longer than outer spines, with plumose setae between inner spines (Fig. 7 I).</p><p>Antennule (Fig. 6 B) with sharp stylocerite, reaching about half of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Basal segment broad, about 2 times as wide as second segment, as long as wide; distolateral spine of basal antennular segment slender, reaching beyond half of second segment. Second segment ca. 0.4 times as long as basal segment, ca. 0.5 times as long as distal segment. All segments except distal segment with submarginal plumose setae.</p><p>Scaphocerite about 2.4 times longer than wide. Inner margin somewhat convex, lateral margin strait, with stout distolateral tooth, not reaching anterior margin (Fig. 6 C).</p><p>Mandible typical of genus, with three-segmented palp, distal segment slightly longer than the other two segments; incisor process with three sharp teeth; molar process robust, truncate distally (Fig. 6 D).</p><p>Maxillular palp bilobed, upper lobe slender, slightly longer than lower lobe, with few setae distally; lower lobe stout and small, no setae. upper lacinia broadly elongated, distal margin with rows of strong spines, lower lacinia shorter than upper lacinia, tapering distally, densely setose (Fig. 6 E).</p><p>Maxilla with simple palp; basal endite deeply bilobed, upper and lower lobes subequal and digitiform, with numerous simple setae distally; scaphognathite broad, about 3.8 times as long as wide (Fig. 6 F).</p><p>First maxilliped with simple and small palp, basal and coxal endites distinct, tip of flagellum of exopod densely setose, epipod deeply bilobed (Fig. 6 G).</p><p>Second maxilliped with 5 - segmented endopod, flagellum with numerous plumose setae distally, epipod simple, with developed podobranch (Fig. 6 H).</p><p>Third maxilliped with robust endopod; antepenultimate with row of simple setae on inner margin; penultimate 0.6 times length of antepenultimate, with rows of long, simple setae on inner margin; ultimate segment about 0.8 times penultimate segment, with rows of long, simple setae on inner and outer margins; exopod well developed, reaching 0.8 times the length of antepenultimate, with plumose setae distally (Fig. 7 A).</p><p>First pereiopod slender, reaching beyond end of scaphocerite. Ischium 0.6 times as long as merus; merus as long as carpus; carpus 1.7 times as long as chela; finger 1.2 times as long as palm (Fig. 7 B, C).</p><p>Second pereiopod moderately robust, subequal in size, similar in both sexes. Merus 1.5 times as long as the ischium; carpus 0.9 times as long as merus, 1.1 times as long as palm; palm slightly inflated; finger 1.4 times as long as palm, glabrous (Figs 7 D, E).</p><p>Third pereiopod slender, merus 1.8 times as long as carpus; carpus 0.5 times as long as propodus; propodus 5.7 times as long as dactylus with several small spines on ventral margin (Fig. 7 F).</p><p>Fourth pereiopod longer than third pereiopod, generally similar in form (Fig. 7 G).</p><p>Fifth pereiopod slenderer and longer than third. merus 1.4 times as long as carpus; carpus 0.6 times as long as propodus; propodus 8.9 times as long as dactylus, with several small spines on ventral margin; dactylus terminating in a small claw (Fig. 7 H).</p><p>Male first pleopod with endopod shorter than half length of exopod, inner margin concave, outer margin slightly convex.</p><p>Male second pleopod with well-developed appendix masculina bearing numerous spiniform setae. Appendix interna digitiform, reaching to 0.6 length of appendix masculina.</p><p>Uropodal diaeresis with inner movable spine shorter than outer angle.</p><p>Color.</p><p>Body semi-transparent to golden yellow, all appendages semi-transparent (Fig. 5).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Du’an County, Guangxi, China.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Nongshuitun Cave is similar to Nonglitun Cave and Shuiyuandi Cave, featuring broad pools in the dark zone 50–100 meters from the entrance, which may overflow out of the cave during the rainy season.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>As a stygobiotic species, this species differs from all epigean species as well as M. parvum sp. nov. and M. tenuipes by the completely degraded somatic pigmentation and eyes. It can be diagnosed from M. elegantum by the unicuspidate tip of rostrum (bifurcate in M. elegantum), the broader scaphocerite (2.4 times longer than wide in M. duanense vs. 3.0 in M. elegantum), the different rostral formula (2–3 + 6–7 / 2 – 4 in M. duanense vs. 3–4 + 3–4 / 4 – 6 in M. elegantum) and the different ratios between the segments of second pereiopods. This species is very similar to its sister species, M. guizhouense sp. nov. and M. lingyunense, but it can be distinguished by the palm of second pereiopods longer than ischium (shorter in M. guizhouense sp. nov. and M. lingyunense) (Table 4).</p><p>In the original description, Lan et al. (2017) used two spellings for the species name: ‘ Macrobrachium douanensis ’ in the Chinese description and ‘ M. duanensis ’ in the English title and abstract. Here, we adopt ‘ duan - ’ (the correct spelling of the county name) and adjust the suffix to ‘ - ense’ to match the neuter gender of the genus name (ICZN Articles 31.2 and 32.2, International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999).</p><p>The type locality of this species is a cave in Nongchi Village. Although we were unable to access the exact type locality, we collected specimens from three nearby caves, apart approximately 2 km (Nongguangshang Cave) to 25 km (Nongshuitun Cave) away. Given the extensive connectivity of the local cave system and the morphological congruence between our specimens and the original description, these specimens can be regarded as topotypes.</p><p>The original description and the figures of this species are poor. In addition, the authors only compared it to the epigean and widespread species M. nipponense, rather than the stygobiotic species M. lingyunense . These hamper the correct identification of this species. Here, we redescribe this species and the results of the molecular delimitation analyses based on the topotypes of the two species, M. duanense and M. lingyunense, confirmed that they are two different species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3B9D3D6B38C75FD2B983447A057469F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jiang, Xuankong;Zhou, Jiajun;Ma, Kayan;Wang, Yaqin;Xie, Zhicai;Chen, Huiming	Jiang, Xuankong, Zhou, Jiajun, Ma, Kayan, Wang, Yaqin, Xie, Zhicai, Chen, Huiming (2025): The cavernicolous freshwater prawn in China, with description of two new species (Decapoda, Palaemonidae, Macrobrachium). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 1531-1554, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.154936
32BB33018713581BAE1FF308A5751EB9.text	32BB33018713581BAE1FF308A5751EB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrobrachium elegantum Pan 2010	<div><p>Macrobrachium elegantum Pan et al., 2010</p><p>Macrobrachium elegantum Pan et al., 2010: 86, figs 2–4. Type locality: a cave in Xiaorui Village, Ludong Town, Jingxi County, Guangxi, China.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>None.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body semi-transparent. Carapace and abdomen smooth and glabrous. Rostrum straight, tip bifurcate and reaching beyond end of scaphocerite, 0.7 times of cl. Dorsal margin armed with 7 or 8 teeth, including 3 or 4 teeth behind orbit. Dorsal teeth placed more widely on anterior part. Ventral margin armed with 4 to 6 teeth. Eyes with cornea totally degenerated. Ocular peduncle small, elliptical and non-pigmented. Scaphocerite about 3.0 times longer than wide. Second pereiopod slender, subequal in size and similar for both sexes. Ischium 0.9 times as long as merus; merus as long as carpus; carpus 1.5 times as long as palm; finger 1.7 times as long as palm, palm slightly inflated.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Jingxi County, Guangxi, China.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Macrobrachium elegantum is typical of a stygobitic organism, characterized by the complete absence of body color and the degeneration of eyes. In addition, the morphology of this species is distinctly different from that of other stygobitic species, thus supporting the validity of the species.</p><p>This species differs from all epigean species as well as M. parvum sp. nov. and M. tenuipes by the completely degraded somatic pigmentation and eyes. It can be distinguished from M. duanense, M. guizhouense sp. nov. and M. lingyunense by the bifurcate tip of rostrum (unicuspidate in other three species), the different rostral formula (3–4 + 3–4 / 4–6 in M. elegantum vs. 2–3 + 6–7 / 2–4 in M. duanense), the slender scaphocerite (3.0 times longer than wide in M. elegantum, vs. 2.2 to 2.4 times in other three species) and the different ratios between the segments of second pereiopods (Table 4).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/32BB33018713581BAE1FF308A5751EB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jiang, Xuankong;Zhou, Jiajun;Ma, Kayan;Wang, Yaqin;Xie, Zhicai;Chen, Huiming	Jiang, Xuankong, Zhou, Jiajun, Ma, Kayan, Wang, Yaqin, Xie, Zhicai, Chen, Huiming (2025): The cavernicolous freshwater prawn in China, with description of two new species (Decapoda, Palaemonidae, Macrobrachium). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 1531-1554, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.154936
335A3DCA3D9B5AD6BA79968D02E15E8C.text	335A3DCA3D9B5AD6BA79968D02E15E8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrobrachium guizhouense Jiang and Chen 2025	<div><p>Macrobrachium guizhouense Jiang &amp; Chen sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 8, 9, 10</p><p>Type materials.</p><p>Holotype: • male (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 493-1) (tl 52.1 mm, cl 14.5 mm, rl 7.2 mm), China, Guizhou Province, Libo County, Jiaou Town, Malai Village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.6638&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.2722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.6638/lat 25.2722)">Malai Cave</a>, 25.2722°N, 107.6638°E, alt. 790 m, 9.VI.2023, Jiang X. K., Wu L. &amp; Fan C. leg.</p><p>Paratypes: • 20 males (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 493-2 – 21) (tl 36.8–55.7 mm, cl 8.8–17.0 mm, rl 6.3–9.4 mm) and 44 females (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 493-22 – 65) (tl 31.5–61.7 mm, cl 7.8–20.8 mm, rl 5.3–9.8 mm), same data as holotype . • 1 male (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 494-1) (tl 50.1 mm, cl 11.6 mm, rl 9.2 mm) and 6 females (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 494-2 – 7) (tl 51.2–63.7 mm, cl 12.2–16.9 mm, rl 8.5–8.7 mm), Malai Cave, III.2023, Luo T. et al. leg . • 6 males (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 495-1 – 6) (tl 52.1–54.4 mm, cl 12.1–13.1 mm, rl 7.7–9.2 mm) and 8 females (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 495-7 – 14) (tl 43.4–61.5 mm, cl 10.7–17.4 mm, rl 6.4–7.8 mm), Malai Cave, 10.XI.2023, Liu Y. W. et al. leg . • 2 females (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 496-1 – 2) (tl 45.6–64.6 mm, cl 11.5–16.9 mm, rl 6.9–10.0 mm), Libo County, Jiaou Town, Gengzao Village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.6777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.2735" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.6777/lat 25.2735)">Gengzao Cave</a>, 25.2735°N, 107.6777°E, alt. 775 m, 28.VI.2023, Zhou J. J. et al. leg . • 1 male (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 497-1) (tl 63.1 mm, cl 15.0 mm, rl 9.4 mm) and 1 female (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 497-2) (tl 61.7 mm, cl 16.7 mm, rl 7.6 mm), Gengzao Cave, 8.XI.2023, Jiang X. K. et al. leg .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Body moderately robust (Fig. 8). Rostrum (Figs 8, 9 A) reaching to end of scaphocerite, 0.4–0.7 times of cl, straight, or slightly upward distally. Dorsal margin with 8–11 teeth (mode 9), including 3–4 teeth behind orbit (mode 3), starting from about 1 / 3 of carapace length. Dorsal teeth equally space, or teeth more widely spaced on postorbital regions than on anterior. Ventral margin with 2–4 teeth (mode 3).</p><p>Eyes with cornea totally degenerated. Ocular peduncle small, elliptical and non-pigmented (Figs 8, 9 A).</p><p>Carapace smooth and glabrous. Antennal spine small, tip reaching anterolateral margin of carapace. Hepatic spine small, lying behind and below antennal spine (Figs 8, 9 A).</p><p>Abdomen smooth and glabrous. First to third pleurites broadly rounded, fourth and fifth pleurites slightly produced posteriorly. Sixth somite 1.4–1.7 times as long as fifth somite, with posteroventral angle slightly protruded (Figs 8, 9 A).</p><p>Telson 1.5 times length of sixth segment, 0.4–0.5 times of cl. Tapered posteriorly, with a sharp point. Dorsal surface with two pairs of small spines. Posterior margin bearing two pairs of lateral spines. Inner spines obviously longer than outer spines, with plumose setae between inner spines (Fig. 10 G).</p><p>Antennule with sharp stylocerite, reaching about half of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Basal segment broad, about 1.5 times as wide as second segment, as long as wide; distolateral spine of basal antennular segment slender, reaching 0.4 times as long as second segment. Second segment as long as basal segment, ca. 1.2 times as long as distal segment. All segments except distal segment with submarginal plumose setae (Fig. 9 B).</p><p>Scaphocerite about 2.2 times longer than wide. Inner margin somewhat convex; lateral margin strait, with stout distolateral tooth, not reaching anterior margin (Fig. 9 C).</p><p>Mandible typical of genus, with three-segmented palp; three segments subequal in length; incisor process with three sharp teeth; molar process robust, truncate distally (Fig. 9 D).</p><p>Maxillular palp deeply bilobed, upper lobe robust, longer than lower lobe, with few setae distally; lower lobe stout and small, devoid of setae with tip hook-like. Upper lacinia broadly elongated, distal margin with rows of strong spines, lower lacinia shorter than upper lacinia, tapering distally, densely setose (Fig. 9 E).</p><p>Maxilla with simple palp; basal endite deeply bilobed, upper and lower lobes subequal and digitiform, with numerous simple setae distally; scaphognathite broad, about 4.7 times as long as wide (Fig. 9 F).</p><p>First maxilliped with simple and small palp, basal and coxal endites distinct, tip of flagellum of exopod densely setose, epipod deeply bilobed (Fig. 9 G).</p><p>Second maxilliped with 5 - segmented endopod, flagellum with numerous plumose setae distally, epipod simple, with developed podobranch (Fig. 9 H).</p><p>Third maxilliped with robust endopod; antepenultimate with rows of simple setae on inner margin; penultimate 0.6 times length of antepenultimate, with rows of long, simple setae on inner and lateral margins; ultimate segment about 0.8 times penultimate segment, with rows of long, simple setae; exopod well-developed, reaching 0.7 times the length of antepenultimate, with plumose setae distally (Fig. 10 A).</p><p>First pereiopod slender, reaching beyond end of scaphocerite by carpus. Ischium 0.5 times as long as merus; merus 0.9 times as long as carpus; carpus 1.8 times as long as chela; finger 1.3 times as long as palm (Fig. 10 B).</p><p>Second pereiopod moderately robust, subequal in size, similar in both sexes. Merus 1.2 times as long as the ischium; carpus 0.9 times as long as merus, 1.4 times as long as palm; palm slightly inflated; finger 1.6 times as long as palm (Fig. 10 C, D).</p><p>Third pereiopod slender, merus 2.3 times as long as carpus; carpus 0.5 times as long as propodus; propodus 2.7 times as long as dactylus with several small spines on ventral margin (Fig. 10 E).</p><p>Fourth pereiopod longer than third pereiopod, similar in form.</p><p>Fifth pereiopod slenderer and longer than third. merus 1.7 times as long as carpus; carpus 0.5 times as long as propodus; propodus 4.8 times as long as dactylus, with several small spines on ventral margin; dactylus terminating in a small claw (Fig. 10 F).</p><p>Male first pleopod with endopod about half length of exopod, inner margin concave, outer margin slightly convex.</p><p>Male second pleopod with well-developed appendix masculina bearing numerous spiniform setae. Appendix interna digitiform, reaching to 0.6 length of appendix masculina.</p><p>Uropodal diaeresis with inner movable spine shorter than outer angle.</p><p>Color.</p><p>Body semi-transparent to golden yellow, all appendages semi-transparent (Fig. 8).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species is named after the type locality, highlighting that this is the first stygobitic Macrobrachium species found in Guizhou Province.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Libo County, Guizhou Province, China.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Malai Cave and Gengzao Cave have similar environments and are both located within a village. Both caves slope gently downward. About 300 meters from their entrances; each cave contains a large pool. Due to the obstruction by rocks, the exact area and depths of the pools are unclear. The substrates consist of silt and rocks. Local residents draw water from these pools for domestic use. Macrobrachium guizhouense sp. nov. were collected from these pools.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species differs from all epigean species as well as M. parvum sp. nov. and M. tenuipes by the completely degraded somatic pigmentation and eyes. It can be separated from M. elegantum by the unicuspidate tip of rostrum (bifurcate in M. elegantum), the broader scaphocerite (2.2 times longer than wide in M. guizhouense sp. nov. vs. 3.0 in M. elegantum), the different rostral formula (3–4 + 5–7 / 3 – 4 in M. guizhouense sp. nov. vs. 3–4 + 3–4 / 4 – 6 in M. elegantum) and the different ratios between the segments of second pereiopods. This species can be distinguished from M. duanense by the palm of second pereiopods which is shorter than ischium; from M. lingyunense by the relatively broader scaphocerite (2.2 times longer than wide in M. guizhouense sp. nov. vs. 2.4 in M. lingyunense) (Table 4).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/335A3DCA3D9B5AD6BA79968D02E15E8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jiang, Xuankong;Zhou, Jiajun;Ma, Kayan;Wang, Yaqin;Xie, Zhicai;Chen, Huiming	Jiang, Xuankong, Zhou, Jiajun, Ma, Kayan, Wang, Yaqin, Xie, Zhicai, Chen, Huiming (2025): The cavernicolous freshwater prawn in China, with description of two new species (Decapoda, Palaemonidae, Macrobrachium). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 1531-1554, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.154936
03F31ABC780D5E78A4D1C61E00949DAA.text	03F31ABC780D5E78A4D1C61E00949DAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrobrachium lingyunense (Li & Luo 2001)	<div><p>Macrobrachium lingyunense (Li &amp; Luo, 2001)</p><p>Fig. 11</p><p>Typhlocaridina lingyune nsis Li &amp; Luo, 2001: 72, fig. 1. Type locality: Sha Cave, Lingyun County, Guangxi, China.</p><p>Macrobrachium lingyunense Li et al., 2006: 277, figs 1–3; Cai and Ng 2018: 29.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>• 1 male (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 498-1) (tl 41.2 mm, cl 11.0 mm, rl 5.9 mm) and 2 females (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 498-2 – 3) (tl 37.6–41.9 mm, cl 10.3–11.1 mm, rl 5.8–6.2 mm), Guangxi, Lingyun County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.6123&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.4185" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.6123/lat 24.4185)">Sha Cave</a>, 24.4185°N, 106.6123°E, alt. 669 m, 25.XII.2023, Jiang X. K. &amp; Liu Y. W. leg.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Lingyun County, Guangxi, China.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>A small run-of-river hydropower station has been built at the entrance of Sha Cave, which generates electricity from May to December each year. The cave consists of two layers. The upper layer features intermittent small pools. The lower layer is an underground river with a large water flow. The underground space of Sha Cave is extensive, with scattered large boulders from collapses and soil mounds. Macrobrachium lingyunense was discovered in the pools of the upper level, approximately 500 meters from the cave entrance, located within the dark zone.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species differs from all epigean species as well as M. parvum sp. nov. and M. tenuipes by the completely degraded somatic pigmentation and eyes. It can be distinguished from M. elegantum by the tip of rostrum unicuspidate (bifurcate in M. elegantum), the broader scaphocerite (2.2 times longer than wide in M. guizhouense sp. nov. vs. 3.0 in M. elegantum), the different rostral formula (3–4 + 5–7 / 3 – 4 in M. guizhouense sp. nov. vs. 3–4 + 3–4 / 4 – 6 in M. elegantum) and the different ratios between the segments of second pereiopods. This species can be distinguished from M. duanense by the palm of second pereiopods shorter than ischium; from M. lingyunense by the relatively slenderer scaphocerite (2.4 times longer than wide in M. lingyunense vs. 2.2 in M. guizhouense sp. nov.) (Table 4).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F31ABC780D5E78A4D1C61E00949DAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jiang, Xuankong;Zhou, Jiajun;Ma, Kayan;Wang, Yaqin;Xie, Zhicai;Chen, Huiming	Jiang, Xuankong, Zhou, Jiajun, Ma, Kayan, Wang, Yaqin, Xie, Zhicai, Chen, Huiming (2025): The cavernicolous freshwater prawn in China, with description of two new species (Decapoda, Palaemonidae, Macrobrachium). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 1531-1554, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.154936
1119FDB1D2155CE8B439F630422D723B.text	1119FDB1D2155CE8B439F630422D723B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrobrachium parvum Jiang & Zhou & Ma & Wang & Xie & Chen 2025	<div><p>Macrobrachium parvum Jiang &amp; Zhou sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 2, 3, 4</p><p>Type materials.</p><p>Holotype: • male (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 484-1) (tl 41 mm, cl 9.6 mm, rl 7.1 mm), China, Guangxi, Du’an County, Baoan Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.884&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.0791" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.884/lat 24.0791)">Nonglitun Cave</a>, 24.0791°N, 107.8840°E, 10.IV.2024, Zhou J. J. leg.</p><p>Paratypes: • 6 males (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 484-2 – 7) (tl 30.2–36.8 mm, cl 7.8–9.0 mm, rl 5.6–7.4 mm) and 15 females (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 484-8 – 22) (tl 31.7–41.4 mm, cl 7.5–11.4 mm, rl 6.0– 7.6 mm), same data as holotype; • 2 males (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 485-1 – 2) (tl 39.6–44.0 mm, cl 9.4–10.2 mm, rl 6.6–8.5 mm) and 3 females (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 485-3 – 5) (tl 31.4–46.5 mm, cl 8.2–11.4 mm, rl 5.7–7.8 mm), Du’an County, Baoan Town, Nonglitun Cave, 11.IV.2024, Zhou J. J. leg ; • 1 male (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 486-1) (tl 37.1 mm, cl 9.7 mm, rl 5.8 mm) and 12 females (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 486-2 – 13) (tl 26.5–48.3 mm, cl 6.8–12.7 mm, rl 4.1–7.0 mm), Guangxi, Du’an, Gaoling Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.984&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.0061" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.984/lat 24.0061)">Nongguangshang Cave</a>, 24.0095°N, 108.0823°E, alt. 198 m, 16.IV.2023, Zhou J. J. leg. 2 females (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 487-1 – 2) (tl 36.0– 53.4 mm, cl 8.7–13.8 mm, rl 5.5–8.9 mm), Du’an County, Disu Town, Xiaodiao Village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.984&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.0061" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.984/lat 24.0061)">Shuiyuandi Cave</a>, 24.0061°N, 107.9840°E, 10.IV.2024, Zhou J. J. leg.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body semi-transparent to yellowish with ochreous marks on surface of carapace and abdomen, all appendages semi-transparent. Carapace and abdomen smooth and glabrous. Rostrum slender, reaching end of scaphocerite, 0.5–0.8 times of cl, straight, or slightly upward. Dorsal margin with 5–10 teeth, including 2–4 teeth behind orbit, starting from about 1 / 3 of carapace length. Dorsal teeth equally spaced, anterior part of rostrum without or only with one tooth. Ventral margin with 2–5 teeth (mode 4). Eyes with cornea strongly degenerated, only small area on tip pigmented. Ocular peduncle small and elliptical. Scaphocerite about 3.0 times longer than wide. Second pereiopod slender, subequal in size and similar for both sexes. Ischium 0.9 times as long as merus; merus 0.8 times as long as carpus; carpus as long as chela; finger 1.6 times as long as palm, palm not inflated. Uropodal diaeresis with inner movable spine subequal to outer angle.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Body slender (Fig. 2). Rostrum slender, reaching end of scaphocerite, 0.5–0.8 times of cl, straight, or slightly upward distally. Dorsal margin with 5–10 teeth, including 2–4 teeth behind orbit, starting from about 1 / 3 of carapace length. Dorsal teeth equally spaced, anterior part of rostrum without or only with one tooth. Ventral margin with 2–5 teeth (mode 4) (Figs 2, 3 A).</p><p>Eyes with cornea strongly degenerated, only small area on tip pigmented. Ocular peduncle small and elliptical (Figs 2, 3 A).</p><p>Carapace smooth and glabrous. Antennal spine small, tip overreaching anterolateral margin of carapace. Hepatic spine small, lying behind and below antennal spine (Figs 2, 3 A).</p><p>Abdomen smooth and glabrous. First to third pleurites broadly rounded, fourth and fifth pleurites slightly produced posteriorly. Sixth somite 1.4–1.9 times as long as fifth somite, with posteroventral angle slightly protruded in a sharp tip.</p><p>Telson 1.4–1.5 times length of sixth segment, 0.5–0.6 times of cl. Tapered posteriorly, with a sharp point. Dorsal surface with two pairs of spines. Posterior margin bearing two pairs of lateral spines. Inner spines obviously longer than outer spines, with plumose setae between inner spines (Fig. 4 I).</p><p>Antennule with stout stylocerite, reaching about 1 / 4 length of basal segment of antennular peduncle. Basal segment broad, about 1.8 times as wide as second segment, as long as wide; distolateral spine of basal antennular segment small, reaching about 1 / 3 length of second segment. Second segment ca. 0.8 times as long as basal segment, ca. 0.9 times as long as distal segment. All segments except distal segment with submarginal plumose setae (Fig. 3 B).</p><p>Scaphocerite about 3.0 times longer than wide. Inner margin somewhat convex; lateral margin strait, with sharp distolateral tooth, not reaching anterior margin (Fig. 3 C).</p><p>Mandible typical of genus, with three-segmented palp of subequal length; incisor process with three sharp teeth; molar process robust, truncate distally (Fig. 3 D).</p><p>Maxillular palp bilobed, upper lobe slender, digitiform, slightly longer than lower lobe, with few setae distally; lower lobe stout and small. Upper lacinia broadly elongated, distal margin with rows of strong spines, lower lacinia shorter than upper lacinia, tapering distally, densely setose (Fig. 3 E).</p><p>Maxilla with simple palp; basal endite deeply bilobed, upper and lower lobes subequal and digitiform, with numerous simple setae distally; scaphognathite broad, about 3.7 times as long as wide (Fig. 3 F).</p><p>First maxilliped with simple and small palp, basal and coxal endites distinct, tip of flagellum of exopod densely setose, epipod deeply bilobed (Fig. 3 G).</p><p>Second maxilliped with 5 - segmented endopod, flagellum with numerous plumose setae distally, epipod simple, with developed podobranch (Fig. 3 H).</p><p>Third maxilliped with robust endopod; antepenultimate with row of simple setae on inner margin; penultimate 0.7 times length of antepenultimate, with rows of long, simple setae on inner margin; ultimate segment about 0.9 times penultimate segment, with rows of long, simple setae on inner and outer margins; exopod well-developed, reaching 0.7 times the length of antepenultimate, with plumose setae distally (Fig. 4 A).</p><p>First pereiopod slender, reaching beyond end of scaphocerite. Ischium 0.6 times as long as merus; merus 0.8 times as long as carpus; carpus 2.7 times as long as chela; finger 1.2 times as long as palm (Fig. 4 B, C).</p><p>Second pereiopod slender, subequal in size and similar for both sexes. Ischium 0.9 times as long as merus; merus 0.8 times as long as carpus; carpus as long as chela; finger 1.6 times as long as palm, palm not inflated (Fig. 4 D, E).</p><p>Third pereiopod slender, merus 1.4 times as long as carpus; carpus 0.7 times as long as propodus; propodus 5.3 times as long as dactylus (Fig. 4 F).</p><p>Fourth pereiopod longer than third pereiopod, generally similar in form (Fig. 4 G).</p><p>Fifth pereiopod slenderer and longer than third. Merus 1.4 times as long as carpus; carpus 0.7 times as long as propodus; propodus 7.0 times as long as dactylus; dactylus terminating in a small claw (Fig. 4 H).</p><p>Male first pleopod with endopod about 1 / 3 length of exopod, inner margin concave, outer margin slightly convex.</p><p>Male second pleopod with well-developed appendix masculina bearing numerous spiniform setae. Appendix interna digitiform, reaching to 0.7 length of appendix masculina.</p><p>Uropodal diaeresis with inner movable spine subequal to outer angle.</p><p>Color.</p><p>Body semi-transparent to yellowish with ochreous marks on surface of carapace and abdomen, all appendages semi-transparent (Fig. 2).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a Latin word meaning “ little ” referring to the relatively small body size of the species.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Du’an County, Guangxi, China.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The interior spaces of Nonglitun Cave and Shuiyuandi Cave are spacious, with broad pools located approximately 50–100 meters from the entrances. The substrates of these pools consist of silt and rocks. Nongguangshang Cave is a section of an underground river, with numerous puddles about 50 meters from the entrance during the dry season. Macrobrachium parvum sp. nov. were discovered in these puddles. During the rainy season, the water levels in these three caves rise significantly, even overflowing the cave entrances to form small lakes.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species exhibits significant morphological and molecular divergence from other cave-dwelling congeners. Key diagnostic traits include a smaller body size, extremely slender appendages, and the presence of degenerated yet traceable body color and eyes. It can be distinguished from all epigean species and M. tenuipes by the strongly reduced eyes with only small area in tip pigmented and the semi-transparent body color. This species differs from other four stygobiotic species in China by the pigmented eyes and body surface, the relatively smaller body size, the slender scaphocerite, and the extremely slender pereiopods, the shorter chela of second pereiopods and the moveable spine on uropodal diaeresis that are subequal to outer angle (Table 4).</p><p>Genetically, it demonstrates substantial interspecific divergence, with pairwise COI and 16 S sequence differences exceeding 23 % and 8 %, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses recover this taxon as a distinct evolutionary lineage. These combined morphological and molecular data robustly support its identity as a valid species.</p><p>The stygomorphic characteristics of this species indicate substantial adaptation to cave environments. However, the persistence of residual pigmentation and ocular structures suggest an incomplete transition to complete cave adaptation. We therefore classify it as a stygophile rather than a stygobite.</p><p>In Nongguangshang Cave and Shuiyuandi Cave, this species is inhabiting sympatrically with M. duanense .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1119FDB1D2155CE8B439F630422D723B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jiang, Xuankong;Zhou, Jiajun;Ma, Kayan;Wang, Yaqin;Xie, Zhicai;Chen, Huiming	Jiang, Xuankong, Zhou, Jiajun, Ma, Kayan, Wang, Yaqin, Xie, Zhicai, Chen, Huiming (2025): The cavernicolous freshwater prawn in China, with description of two new species (Decapoda, Palaemonidae, Macrobrachium). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 1531-1554, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.154936
BCD3FAA14D4E52FD92A69339364F7ED2.text	BCD3FAA14D4E52FD92A69339364F7ED2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrobrachium tenuipes Zhu 2020	<div><p>Macrobrachium tenuipes Zhu et al., 2020</p><p>Macrobrachium tenuipes Zhu et al., 2020: 512, figs 5–7, 8 A, C. Type locality: a cave in Mashan County, Guangxi, China.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>• 2 males (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 488-1 – 2) (tl 38.1–39.8 mm, cl 7.9–9.0 mm, rl 6.7–7.8 mm) and 1 female (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 488-3) (tl 38.7 mm, cl 8.6 mm, rl 7.9 mm), Du’an County, Gaoling Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=108.064&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.0887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 108.064/lat 24.0887)">Nongchitianchuan Cave</a>, 24.0887°N, 108.0640°E, 10.IV.2024, Zhou J. J. leg. • 1 male (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 489-1) (tl 47.0 mm, cl 10.6 mm, rl 8.4 mm) and 3 females (IBGAS - Dec-Pal- 489-2 – 4) (tl 47.0– 77.2 mm, cl 10.9–19.6 mm, rl 9.2–13.6 mm), Guangxi, Du’an County, Gaoling Town, Nongchitianchuan Cave, 13.IV.2024, Zhou JJ. leg .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Body yellowish, all appendages generally translucent to faint yellow. Carapace and abdomen smooth and glabrous. Rostrum slender, slightly convex above orbital margin, 0.8–1.1 times of cl, overreaching scaphocerite. Dorsal margin with 11–12 teeth, including 3 or 4 teeth behind orbit. Dorsal teeth placed more widely on anterior part. Ventral margin with 3 or 4 teeth. Eyes well-developed. Scaphocerite about 4.1 times longer than wide. Second pereiopod slender, subequal in size, similar in both sexes. Merus 1.1–1.2 times as long as ischium; carpus 1.2–1.3 times as long as merus, 1.1 times as long as palm; palm not inflated; finger 0.8–0.9 times as long as palm. Uropodal diaeresis with inner movable spine slightly longer than outer angle.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Mashan County and Du’an County, Guangxi, China.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>The species was discovered in a karst window (a sinkhole in karst landscapes) of an underground river, which has an area of approximately 9,200 m 2 and a depth exceeding 60 m.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The COI genetic distance of the collected specimens ranges from 0–1.30 % compared to the type specimens (A 42 and A 49, see Table 2) and are morphologically consistent with the original description. This species can be distinguished from other cave-dwelling species by the obviously pigmented body and eyes (Table 4). As for its differences from epigean species, see Zhu et al. (2020).</p><p>The type locality of this species is in Mashan County (Zhu et al. 2020). With the discovery of this species in Du’an, its distribution range has been extended to the northwest by about 50 km. The genetic differentiation between populations of these two sites is insignificant, and they cluster with the epigean species in the phylogram. This may further suggest that this species is a stygophile, having recently migrated to caves. It probably has a wider distribution range in the surface environment, which enables gene exchange between different cave populations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BCD3FAA14D4E52FD92A69339364F7ED2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jiang, Xuankong;Zhou, Jiajun;Ma, Kayan;Wang, Yaqin;Xie, Zhicai;Chen, Huiming	Jiang, Xuankong, Zhou, Jiajun, Ma, Kayan, Wang, Yaqin, Xie, Zhicai, Chen, Huiming (2025): The cavernicolous freshwater prawn in China, with description of two new species (Decapoda, Palaemonidae, Macrobrachium). Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (4): 1531-1554, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.154936
