identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
112E9E01FE1F97247BB1FA9AA58CF93D.text	112E9E01FE1F97247BB1FA9AA58CF93D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paramollugo nudicaulit (Lam.) Thulif	<div><p>Typus: Paramollugo nudicauliþ (Lam.) Thulif</p><p>Herbþ or þmall þhrubþ or þubþhrubþ &amp; affual to pereffial&amp; glabrous or sometimes papillose or pubesceft; stems terete or rarely compressed afd phyllocladic&amp; lofgitudifally ridged; fodes with 2– 4 membrafous scales&amp; each fode with 2– 4 brafches. Leaveþ alterfate&amp; mostly crowded if a basal rosette or sometimes scattered alofg lofg shoots afd crowded of short shoots&amp; sessile but oftef taperifg below ifto a petiole-like base; stipules abseft. FloƜerþ if seemifgly axillary&amp; mostly lax&amp; lofgpedufculate dichotomously brafched cymes&amp; each fode with 2–4 brafches&amp; sometimes with sessile or shortly pedufculate defse cymes borfe of short shoots; bracts small&amp; membrafous. Tepalþ 5&amp; free&amp; apically hooded&amp; white or rarely tifged with pifk or greef ifside&amp; greefish&amp; browfish or purplish outside&amp; with quifcufcial aestivatiof. Stamenþ (2–)3–5(–6) or c. 10. Ovary of (2–)3 carpels&amp; with mostly fumerous ovules; styles (2–)3&amp; short&amp; papillose of the iffer surface. Capþule loculicidally dehisceft with (2–)3 valves. Seedþ mostly fumerous&amp; tuberculate to colliculate or fifely reticulate&amp; black to dark browf or rarely pale browf; testa cells sometimes with secofdary orfameftatiof afd small pits oftef preseft if the boufdaries betweef them; hilum ± mifutely strophiolate.</p><p>Noteþ. – Paramollugo is a gefus of 11 species&amp; sevef of which are kfowf from Madagascar (five restricted to Madagascar &amp; ofe also widespread if the tropics afd subtropics of the Old OEorld&amp; ofe also if Somalia)&amp; two species are restricted to the Caribbeaf&amp; ofe to New Caledofia&amp; afd ofe to Îles Éparses if the Mozambique Chaffel (?ig. 6).</p><p>Paramollugo differs from other members of Molluginaceae by havifg alterfate&amp; ex-stipulate leaves that are either all crowded if a basal rosette or (if P. decandra) scattered alofg lofg shoots afd crowded of short shoots. The small pits preseft if the boufdaries betweef the testa cells of the seeds if species of Paramollugo was poifted to as a characteristic for this gefus by SUKHORUKOV &amp; KUSHUNINA (2017) afd SUKHORUKOV et al. (2018). OEe have foufd such pits to be preseft if all species&amp; except P. compreþþa &amp; P. decandra &amp; P. elliotii afd P. þimulanþ (if part).</p><p>The seed surface of species of Paramollugo afd other members of Molluginaceae has oftef beef described as papillose (or papillate) whef distifct protuberafces are preseft afd colliculate whef the protuberafces are low afd ofly slightly cofvex. OEe prefer to use tuberculate ifstead of papillose if this accouft&amp; as papillae are usually regarded as soft structures (BEENTJE&amp; 2010)&amp; which is fot the case here.</p><p>The chromosome fumber 2 n = 54 has beef reported if material of Paramollugo nudicauliþ from Ifdia (RAGHAVAN &amp; SRINIVASAN&amp; 1940; SANJAPPA &amp; 1978). As the base fumber if Molluginaceae is x = 9 (ENDRESS &amp; BITTRICH&amp; 1993)&amp; P. nudicauliþ is a hexaploid&amp; presumably with af allopolyploid origif (see above ufder Discussiof). Chromosome fumbers for the other species are fot kfowf.</p><p>Pollef graifs of Paramollugo nudicauliþ &amp; studied by LM afd SEM afd illustrated by SEM images&amp; were described as 3-zofocolpate&amp; subprolate afd spifulate by OSMAN &amp; HASSAN (2015). This is if agreemeft with the pollef morphology if most other members of Molluginaceae (ENDRESS &amp; BITTRICH&amp; 1993). The embryology of P. nudicauliþ was studied by BHARGAVA (1934).</p><p>SULAKSHANA &amp; RAJU (2019) studied floral biology afd pollifatiof ecology if Paramollugo nudicauliþ if Ifdia.?lowers of P. nudicauliþ were visited by forageifg bees&amp; flies afd butterflies betweef 7:00 afd foof&amp; all effectifg both self- afd cross-pollifatiof. Thrips were foufd to use the flowers for breedifg afd feedifg&amp; also effectifg pollifatiof. If the tepals of the simple periafth&amp; the white upper surface attracts vistors afd fufctiofs as corolla&amp; whereas the greefish or browfish outside fufctiofs as calyx.?ruits mature withif 8– 12 days afd seed set rate was foufd to be 86– 89 %. Capsules opef whef dry to expose the seeds that remaif if the capsules uftil they gradually fall out or get washed out by raif. Seeds of the groufd may be dispersed by raif water. Dehisced capsules or portiofs of cymes if fruit may be dispersed by wifd&amp; afd retaifed seeds may gradually be released afd fall to the groufd.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/112E9E01FE1F97247BB1FA9AA58CF93D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thulin, Mats;Bidault, Ehoarn;Boullet, Vincent;Heidari, Nahid;Hivert, Jean;Larsson, Anders	Thulin, Mats, Bidault, Ehoarn, Boullet, Vincent, Heidari, Nahid, Hivert, Jean, Larsson, Anders (2024): Phylogeny and systematics of Paramollugo (Molluginaceae). Candollea 79 (2): 179-228, DOI: 10.15553/c2024v792a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.15553/c2024v792a1
112E9E01FE1F97277B97FB00A337FAA0.text	112E9E01FE1F97277B97FB00A337FAA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paramollugo Thulif	<div><p>Paramollugo Thulif if Taxof 65: 784. 2016.</p><p>÷ Lampetia Raf. &amp;?l. Tellur. 3: 34. 1837 [fom. illeg.&amp; fof K.D. Koefig&amp; Icof.?oss. Sectiles: 2&amp; tab. 2&amp; fig. 23. 1825].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/112E9E01FE1F97277B97FB00A337FAA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thulin, Mats;Bidault, Ehoarn;Boullet, Vincent;Heidari, Nahid;Hivert, Jean;Larsson, Anders	Thulin, Mats, Bidault, Ehoarn, Boullet, Vincent, Heidari, Nahid, Hivert, Jean, Larsson, Anders (2024): Phylogeny and systematics of Paramollugo (Molluginaceae). Candollea 79 (2): 179-228, DOI: 10.15553/c2024v792a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.15553/c2024v792a1
112E9E01FE1D97257B97FEE2A417FEB6.text	112E9E01FE1D97257B97FEE2A417FEB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paramollugo	<div><p>Key to the species of Paramollugo</p><p>1. Shrubs or subshrubs with leaves scattered alofg lofg shoots afd crowded of short shoots; stamef-filamefts very farrowly triafgular .......................... 1. P. decandra</p><p>1a. Herbs with leaves crowded at base; stamef-filamefts filiform ............................................................................. 2</p><p>2. Stems compressed afd phyllocladic; seeds fifely reticulate&amp; almost smooth ........................................ 6. P. compressa</p><p>2a. Stems terete; seeds colliculate or tuberculate ............... 3</p><p>3. Leaves lifear to very farrowly oblafceolate&amp; 0.7–1.5(–2) mm wide ..................................................................... 4</p><p>3a. Leaves farrowly oblafceolate to obovate or spathulate&amp; or with distal part refiform to ovate-triafgular&amp; (2–) 3–30 mm wide ...................................................... 6</p><p>4. Pe re f f i a l; a f t h e r s 0. 5 – 0. 6 m m l of g; s e e d s 0.6–0.7 × c. 0.55 mm ................................... 9. P. elliotii</p><p>4a. Affual or ephemeral; afthers 0.2–0.3 mm lofg; seeds c. 0.4–0.5 × 0.3–0.4 mm ............................................. 5</p><p>5. Testa cells with cross-striate secofdary orfameftatiof; seeds c. 0.40–0.51 × 0.34–0.40 mm ........ 4. P. nesophila</p><p>5a. Testa cells smooth&amp; without secofdary orfameftatiof; seeds 0.39–0.43 × 0.28–0.36 mm ........ 7. P. angustifolia</p><p>6. Stamefs c. 10 .......................................... 3. P. caespitosa</p><p>6a. Stamefs (3–)5(–6) ....................................................... 7</p><p>7. Leaves succuleft&amp; marcesceft&amp; defsely afd ± distichously arrafged at plaft base ............................ 11. P. cuneifolia</p><p>7a. Leaves herbaceous&amp; fot marcesceft&amp; arrafged if basal rosette .......................................................................... 8</p><p>8. Affual or occasiofally short-lived pereffial; leaves with petiole-like part shorter thaf distal part ...................... 9</p><p>8a. Affual or pereffial; leaves with petiole-like part about as lofg as or lofger thaf distal part ........................... 10</p><p>9. Leaves oftef&gt; 12 mm wide; tepals (2–)2.5–3(–3.5) mm lofg; seeds ± distifctly tuberculate to sometimes colliculate&amp; with cross-striate testa cells with small pits if boufdaries betweef most of them ................... 2. P. nudicaulis</p><p>9a. Leaves 2– 12 mm wide; tepals 1.5 –2.5 mm lofg; seeds colliculate to fifely tuberculate&amp; with smooth to weakly striate testa cells without pits if boufdaries betweef them or with pits betweef some cells ofly ....... 8. P. simulans</p><p>10. Leaves with refiform or farrowly to broadly ovate-triafgular distal part&amp; ± abruptly taperifg ifto a petiole-like part 1 –4 times as lofg as distal part; styles 2–3 .................................................................... 5. P. digyna</p><p>10a. Leaves with farrowly to broadly obovate or spathulate distal part&amp; usually gradually taperifg ifto a petiole-like part about as lofg as distal part; styles 3 ......................... ..............................................................10. P. spathulata</p><p>1. Paramollugo decandra (Scott Elliot) Thulif if Taxof 65: 786. 2016 (?ig. 7&amp; 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/112E9E01FE1D97257B97FEE2A417FEB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thulin, Mats;Bidault, Ehoarn;Boullet, Vincent;Heidari, Nahid;Hivert, Jean;Larsson, Anders	Thulin, Mats, Bidault, Ehoarn, Boullet, Vincent, Heidari, Nahid, Hivert, Jean, Larsson, Anders (2024): Phylogeny and systematics of Paramollugo (Molluginaceae). Candollea 79 (2): 179-228, DOI: 10.15553/c2024v792a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.15553/c2024v792a1
112E9E01FE27971C7827FA3AA294FDB6.text	112E9E01FE27971C7827FA3AA294FDB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hypertelis	<div><p>Hypertelis clade</p><p>Molluginaceae: Hypertelis cerviana (L.) Thulif &amp; Australia 1&amp; Smyth 213 (CANB)&amp;? N825706 &amp; KT907399; Australia 2&amp; Lazarideþ &amp; Palmer 243 (CANB)&amp;? N825703 &amp; –; Australia 3&amp; Jackþon 5281 (CANB)&amp;? N825704 &amp; –; Australia 4&amp; Leach 2008 (CANB)&amp;? N825705 &amp; KT907400; Namibia 1&amp; Thulin et al. 11954 (UPS)&amp; KT950944&amp; KT907403; Namibia 2&amp; Potgieter 225 (K) &amp;? N825707 &amp; KT907402; Spaif &amp; Sánchez Sánchez þ.n. (G) &amp;? N825708 &amp; KT907401; Hypertelis fragilis (OEawra) Thulif &amp; Afgola 1&amp; Ward &amp; Ward 79 (K) &amp;? N825724 &amp; KT907396; Afgola 2&amp; GoþþƜeiler 6 (K) &amp;? N825723 &amp; KT907397. Hypertelis spergulacea E. Mey. ex?efzl&amp; Namibia 1&amp; Thulin &amp; Larþþon 11960 (UPS)&amp; KT950931&amp; KT907406; Namibia 2&amp; Thulin &amp; Larþþon 11962 (UPS)&amp; KT950932&amp; KT907407; Namibia 3&amp; Gieþþ et al. 5366 (K)&amp;? N825700 &amp; KT907404; South Africa &amp;</p><p>Acockþ 19256 (K)&amp;?N825701&amp; KT907405. Hypertelis umbellata (?orssk.) Thulif&amp; Burkifa?aso&amp; Ataholo 1809 (?R)&amp;?N825715&amp; KT907392; Ethiopia &amp; Thulin et al. 11211 (UPS)&amp;?N825713&amp; KT907391; Galápagos&amp; Van der Werf 1008 (NY)&amp;?N825712&amp; KT907395; Ifdia&amp;?N825714&amp; –; Namibia 1&amp; Thulin et al. 11970 (UPS)&amp; KT950933 &amp; KT907415; Namibia 2&amp; Seydel 325 (NY)&amp;?N825709&amp; KT907398; USA 1&amp; Reveal &amp; Holmgren 1968 (NY)&amp;?N825710&amp; KT907394; USA 2&amp; AtƜood &amp; Welþh 10684 (NY)&amp;?N825711&amp; KT907393. Hypertelis walteri (?riedrich) Thulif&amp; Namibia &amp; Örtefdahl 93 (UPS)&amp; KT950930 &amp; KT907419.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/112E9E01FE27971C7827FA3AA294FDB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thulin, Mats;Bidault, Ehoarn;Boullet, Vincent;Heidari, Nahid;Hivert, Jean;Larsson, Anders	Thulin, Mats, Bidault, Ehoarn, Boullet, Vincent, Heidari, Nahid, Hivert, Jean, Larsson, Anders (2024): Phylogeny and systematics of Paramollugo (Molluginaceae). Candollea 79 (2): 179-228, DOI: 10.15553/c2024v792a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.15553/c2024v792a1
112E9E01FE24971C7B6EFD80A3D8FC17.text	112E9E01FE24971C7B6EFD80A3D8FC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Glinus	<div><p>Glinus and Mollugo clade</p><p>Molluginaceae: Glinus lotoides L.&amp; USA &amp; Ħrrter 8854 (NY)&amp;?N825692&amp; KT907409. Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC.&amp; Australia &amp; Barbidge 5949 (ANH)&amp;?N825696&amp; –; Taiwaf&amp; Huang &amp; Huang 14175 (NY)&amp;?N825695&amp; KT907366; Tafzafia&amp; Balþlev 630 (NY)&amp;?N825694&amp; –. Glinus radiatus (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Rohrb. &amp; USA &amp; Thomaþ 114677 (NY)&amp;?N825697&amp; KT907410. Glinus setiflorus ?orssk.&amp; Kefya&amp; Burney et al. T46 (NY)&amp;?N825698&amp; KT907367. Mollugo brasiliensis Thulif &amp; Harley &amp; Brazil 1&amp; Guedeþ et al. PCD5162 (K)&amp; KT950938 &amp; KT907373; Brazil 2&amp; Orlandi et al. PCD515 (K)&amp; KT950940 &amp; KT907371. Mollugo crockeri J.T. Howell&amp; Galápagos&amp; HoƜell 10094 (NY)&amp;?N825716&amp; KT907412. Mollugo disticha (L.) Ser.&amp; Sri Lafka&amp; Lundqviþt 11379 (UPS)&amp; KT950942 &amp; KT907378. Mollugo enneandra C.OEright&amp; Cuba &amp; Ħkman 17848 (NY)&amp;?N825719&amp; –. Mollugo flavescens Afderssof&amp; Galápagos&amp; Wheeler et al. 17 (NY)&amp;?N825720&amp; KT907417. Mollugo floriana (B.L. Rob.) J.T. Howell&amp; Galápagos&amp; Ħliaþþon 741 (K)&amp;?N825722&amp; KT907413. Mollugo snodgrassii B.L. Rob.&amp; Galápagos&amp; HoƜell 9450 (NY)&amp;?N825738&amp; KT907411. Mollugo ulei (Pilger) Thulif &amp; Brazil &amp; Harvey 19007 (SP?)&amp;?N825699&amp; –. Mollugo verticillata L.&amp; Bolivia &amp; Nee 37372 (G)&amp;?N825743&amp; KT907368; Cafada&amp; Roy C-151-82 (G)&amp;?N825741&amp; KT907370; Italy &amp; Cook &amp; Gallucci 5430 (G)&amp;?N825742&amp; KT907369; USA &amp; Sage &amp; Sage 8-2007 (TRT)&amp;?N825740&amp; KT907372. Mollugo viscosa Thulif &amp; Harley &amp; Brazil 1&amp; Harley et al. 25029 (K)&amp; KT950939 &amp; –; Brazil 2&amp; Harley et al. 6481 [SPF36081] (K)&amp; KT950941 &amp; –.</p><p>Supplementary material</p><p>The Supplementary material for this article can be found online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.15553/c 2024v 792a1.s1</p><p>Supplementary material S 1a.– Tree from BEAST analysis of combined Molluginaceae dataset showing posterior probabilities.</p><p>Supplementary material S 1b.– Tree from BEAST analysis of combined Molluginaceae dataset showing dating in Ma.</p><p>Supplementary material S 1c. – Tree from BEAST analysis of combined Molluginaceae dataset showing dating uncertainties in Ma.</p><p>Supplementary material S 1d.– Alternative tree from BEAST analysis of combined Molluginaceae dataset showing posterior probabilities.</p><p>Supplementary material S 1e. – Alternative tree from BEAST analysis of combined Molluginaceae dataset showing dating in Ma.</p><p>Supplementary material S 1f. – Alternative tree from BEAST analysis of combined Molluginaceae dataset showing dating uncertainties in Ma.</p><p>Supplementary material S 1g.– Ancestral area reconstruction of Paramollugo and related taxa with BBM. Pie charts indicate the most likely distribution of the most recent common ancestor.</p><p>The areas are coded as follows: A,Africa; B, Madagascar; C, Caribbean; D, New Caledonia; E, Îles Éparses; F,Asia; G, North America;</p><p>H, South America; I, Australia; J, Europe. Asterisk (in black) represents other ancestral ranges.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/112E9E01FE24971C7B6EFD80A3D8FC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thulin, Mats;Bidault, Ehoarn;Boullet, Vincent;Heidari, Nahid;Hivert, Jean;Larsson, Anders	Thulin, Mats, Bidault, Ehoarn, Boullet, Vincent, Heidari, Nahid, Hivert, Jean, Larsson, Anders (2024): Phylogeny and systematics of Paramollugo (Molluginaceae). Candollea 79 (2): 179-228, DOI: 10.15553/c2024v792a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.15553/c2024v792a1
112E9E01FE24971C7B6EFA00A1CEF8F6.text	112E9E01FE24971C7B6EFA00A1CEF8F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trigastrotheca Cameron, 1906 2020	<div><p>Trigastrotheca clade</p><p>Molluginaceae: Trigastrotheca molluginea?. Muell. &amp; Australia &amp; Telford 11746 (CANB)&amp;?N825725&amp; KT907408 . Trigastrotheca pentaphylla (L.) Thulif &amp; Ifdia &amp;?N825737&amp; KT907377 ; Sri Lafka &amp; Jonþell 3885 (UPS)&amp; KT950929&amp; KT907418 . Trigastrotheca stricta (L.) Thulif &amp; Australia &amp; Lazarideþ &amp; Adamþ 326 (CANB)&amp;?N825736&amp; KT907374 ; Brazil &amp; Nee 42741 (NY)&amp;?N825734&amp; KT907376; Taiwaf &amp; Boufford et al. 25246 (NY)&amp;?N825735&amp; KT907375 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/112E9E01FE24971C7B6EFA00A1CEF8F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Thulin, Mats;Bidault, Ehoarn;Boullet, Vincent;Heidari, Nahid;Hivert, Jean;Larsson, Anders	Thulin, Mats, Bidault, Ehoarn, Boullet, Vincent, Heidari, Nahid, Hivert, Jean, Larsson, Anders (2024): Phylogeny and systematics of Paramollugo (Molluginaceae). Candollea 79 (2): 179-228, DOI: 10.15553/c2024v792a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.15553/c2024v792a1
