identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
190A0E05FFEAFFF4FF0AF8C707A7C165.text	190A0E05FFEAFFF4FF0AF8C707A7C165.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eumeninae	<div><p>Key to the Malagasy genera of Eumeninae s. l.</p><p>1. Fore wing with recurrent veins received in separate cells, second recurrent vein received by third submarginal cell (Fig. 1A). Maxilla and labrum extremely elongated, reaching base of metasoma at rest. Lateral margins of free apical part of clypeus reflexed and lamellar, more markedly in female (Fig. 52B)....... RAPHIGLOSSINAE, Raphiglossa Saunders (1 species)</p><p>- Fore wing with recurrent veins both received in second submarginal cell (Fig. 1B) or second recurrent vein interstitial. Maxilla and labrum short, never reaching mid coxae at rest. Lateral margins of free apical part of clypeus not reflexed as above.... 2</p><p>2. Mid tibia with two apical spurs (Fig. 1C)........................................................ 3, ZETHINAE</p><p>- Mid tibia with one apical spur (Fig. 1D)...................................................... 4, EUMENINAE</p><p>3. Mesosoma elongate and subcylindrical, with metanotum entirely horizontal and propodeum forming a dorsal horizontal surface (Fig. 52A). Propodeal orifice rounded at upper end; propodeal valvula short and wide, mostly fused with submarginal carina, posterior margin weakly sinuate (Fig. 1E). T1 of nearly even thickness, slightly wider sub-basally than apically (Fig. 52A)..................................................................... Paramischocyttarus Magretti (1 species)</p><p>- Mesosoma short, with nearly vertical metanotum and propodeum vertically sloping below posterior margin of metanotum (Figs 58B, C). Propodeal orifice acute at upper end; propodeal valvula elongate and mostly free from submarginal carina, subrectangular (Fig. 1F). T1 distinctly widened around middle, much wider apically than basally (Figs 58B, C)......................................................................................... Zethus Fabricius (2 species)</p><p>4. Metasoma petiolate, T 1 in dorsal view much narrower than T2 and several times as long as wide (Figs 52–53). Propodeal valvula short and completely fused with submarginal carina (Fig. 1G). Second submarginal cell acute basally (Fig. 1B). T2 with simple apical margin, at most slightly translucent at extreme apex. Female lacking cephalic foveae. Large-sized species (body length over 15 mm)............................................................. Delta de Saussure (4 species)</p><p>- Characters not in the above combination. Metasoma usually sessile (e.g., Fig. 3A) to sub-petiolate (e.g., Fig. 36A), at most slightly longer than wide; if metasoma distinctly petiolate (e.g., Figs 18A, 22), then small-sized species (body length under 10 mm) with propodeal valvula subrectangular and not completely fused with submarginal carina (Fig. 1H), second submarginal cell obtuse to right-angled basally (Fig. 1I), and T2 apically lamellate (e.g., Figs 21E, 23F, 31F)....................... 5</p><p>5. Second submarginal cell petiolate (Fig. 1J). Tegula much larger than scutellum, parategula lacking. Propodeum strongly excavated medially and with subconical reflexed teeth above valvulae, which are subrectangular and free (Fig. 1K).................................................................................... Alastor Lepeletier (4 species)</p><p>- Second submarginal cell sessile (Fig. 1B), at most anteriorly pointed (Fig. 1I). Tegula not larger than scutellum and parategula well-developed; if parategula covered by posterior lobe of tegula ( Knemodynerus), then tegula not as large as above (Fig. 2G). Propodeum not so deeply excavated and without subconical teeth above valvulae, which are usually fused with submarginal carina (Fig. 1G); if submarginal carina developed in a projection above valvula, then projection subtriangular and flattened (Fig. 1H, 1L)......................................................................................... 6</p><p>6. Metasoma petiolate, T1 either subcylindrical (Fig. 28C) or pyriform (Fig. 21E). Propodeal valvula subrectangular and mostly free, not fused with submarginal carina (Fig. 1H). Second submarginal cell obtuse to right-angled basally (Fig. 1I). Apical margin of T2 with a flattened lamellar margin placed below level of tergite, often preceded by a variably developed thickening of the tergite (e.g., Figs 21E, 23F, 31F). Female lacking cephalic foveae.......................................... 7</p><p>- Metasoma sessile to sub-petiolate. Propodeal valvula usually short and completely fused with submarginal carina (Fig. 1G), at most shallowly incised at posterodorsal corner when submarginal carina produced in a subtriangular lobe (Fig. 1L), but elongate and subrectangular in Tuleara . Second submarginal cell basally acute (Fig. 1B). Apical margin of T2 simple or lamellate, when lamellate then not as described above (e.g., Figs 8E, 41E, 50E, 56E). Female with cephalic foveae..................... 9</p><p>7. Head strongly depressed anteroposteriorly, very subtle and high with flattened frons in lateral view (Fig. 34B). Clypeus with free apical part very short, much shorter than interocular part; apical teeth of clypeus very close to each other and dorsally prolonged into two long subparallel carinae (Fig. 34A). Mandible long and narrow, nearly straight........................................................................................ Eumenidiopsis Giordani Soika (1 species)</p><p>- Head not depressed, normally developed and with convex frons (e.g., Fig. 18B). Clypeus variable; apical teeth never prolonged into carinae. Mandible short and robust, with curved outer margin............................................... 8</p><p>8. Metanotum with a variably developed but always evident transverse carina (Figs 23D, 27D, 31E). T1 subcylindrical, with sides subparallel or weakly and evenly diverging from base to apex (Fig. 28C).......... Cyrtolabulus van der Vecht (13 species)</p><p>- Metanotum smooth and evenly convex, not carinate (Figs 18C, 20D). T1 pyriform, with markedly enlarged and strongly convex apical half (Fig. 21E)................................................... Cyrteumenes Giordani Soika (5 species)</p><p>9. Opening of axillary fossa circular and large, about as wide as one ocellar diameter; inner lamella of scutellar crest narrow, not reaching axilla anteromedially (Fig. 2A). Tegula sub-campanulate to campanulate, about as wide as long and with strongly convex outer margin, posterior lobe of tegula mostly equaling parategula. Submarginal carina produced in a variably developed subtriangular lobe which is fused with the valvula in the basal half and free in the apical half (Fig. 1L; not clearly developed in Antepipona vatondrangyensis).......................................................................... 10</p><p>- Opening of axillary fossa elliptical and small, much narrower and shorter than one ocellar diameter; inner lamella of scutellar crest very wide, anteromedially produced in a corner reaching the axilla (Fig. 2B). Tegula usually small and not campanulate, longer than wide and with weakly convex outer margin, posterior lobe usually not equaling parategula; if posterior lobe more developed ( Antodynerus, Knemodynerus, Figs 2F, G), then tegula very large and exceeding apex of parategula; if tegula weakly campanulate (some species of Malgachemenes, Fig. 47D), then other characters not as above. Submarginal carina of propodeum not forming a subtriangular lobe (Fig. 1G); if produced in a lobe, either the lobe is very short and entirely fused with the valvula in a translucent lobe ( Malgachemenes, Fig. 46C) or the valvula is completely free and subrectangular ( Tuleara)......... 11</p><p>10. Metasoma subpetiolate; T1 subtriangular, about as long as wide and clearly narrower than T2, which is basally constricted (Figs 38F, 40F, 41D). Scutellum and metanotum unarmed........................... Leptomenes Giordani Soika (7 species)</p><p>- Metasoma sessile; T1 more or less semicircular, in dorsal view much wider than medially long and not markedly narrower than T2, which is almost equally wide basally and apically (Figs 13–14). Scutellum with longitudinal carinae on lateral margins and metanotum with variably shaped teeth (Fig. 2C; not clearly developed in Antepipona vatondrangyensis)........................................................................................ Antepipona de Saussure (5 species)</p><p>11. Prestigma longer than half pterostigma, usually as long as pterostigma or longer (Fig. 2D)................................................................................................ Anterhynchium de Saussure (3 species)</p><p>- Prestigma at most half as long as pterostigma, usually much shorter (Fig. 2E)..................................... 12</p><p>12. Tegula large, posterior lobe long and exceeding parategula (Figs 2F, G)......................................... 13</p><p>- Tegula small, posterior lobe short and not equaling parategula (Figs 37C, 47D, 50D)............................... 14</p><p>13. Posterior lobe of tegula exceeding parategula but not incurved, leaving parategula visible (Fig. 2F). Dorsal face of metanotum crescent-shaped, with curved posterior margin (Fig. 2H). Dorsal and lateral carinae of propodeum not developed (Fig. 2H). Apical margin of T1 translucent and sharply defined (Fig. 17)..................... Antodynerus de Saussure (1 species)</p><p>- Posterior lobe of tegula strongly elongate and incurved, completely covering parategula (Fig. 2G). Dorsal face of metanotum short and subrectangular, with straight posterior margin (Fig. 2I). Dorsal and lateral carinae of propodeum strongly developed and sharp, forming sharp subtriangular projections behind metanotum and on posterolateral corners (Fig. 2I). Apical margin of T1 simple or somewhat decolorate, not sharply defined (Figs 35A, B)................ Knemodynerus Blüthgen (2 species)</p><p>14. Submarginal carina of propodeum developed in a subtriangular lobe, propodeal valvula free and subrectangular. T2 apically forming a very deep and coarsely punctate furrow, separated from the rest of the tergite by a deep step and often followed by a reflexed lamella (Figs 56E, 57E)................................................ Tuleara Gusenleitner (6 species)</p><p>- Submarginal carina of propodeum not forming a subtriangular lobe and completely fused with valvula, which is rounded. T2 apically simple or lamellate, sometimes shallowly depressed, but never as above.................................. 15</p><p>15. T1 funnel-shaped and subpetiolate in dorsal view, weakly convex above in lateral view; apical margin of T1 simple with very short apical translucent margin (Fig. 2J; apical margin thickened in Malagassodynerus concolor, Fig. 42E). Mid-line of propodeum with a short and shallow basal fovea, shorter than one-fourth the length of mid-line, followed by a robust longitudinal carina.................................................. Malagassodynerus Gusenleitner (5 species)</p><p>- T1 variable, sub-trapezoidal (Figs 46D, 59E) to semicircular (Fig. 9A) and always strongly convex above; apical margin of T1 variable, lamellate or not. Mid-line of propodeum variable, either with small basal fovea not followed by a longitudinal carina or with a long fovea covering half or more of mid-line....................................................... 16</p><p>16. Epicnemial carina complete and strong (Fig. 59D). Basal fovea of propodeum very short and not followed by a longitudinal carina (Fig. 59C). T1 abruptly divided into two faces, subtrapezoidal in dorsal view; apical margin of T1 shallowly thickened but concolor with rest of tergite (Fig. 59E). T3–T6 with oblique translucent carinae on extreme sides (Fig. 59F)............................................................... “ Odynerus” melanus de Saussure (1 incertae sedis species)</p><p>- Epicnemial carina absent to weakly indicated. Basal fovea of propodeum long, covering half or more of mid-line, and followed by a longitudinal carina (Fig. 4E). T1 not abruptly separated into two faces, semicircular to semielliptical in dorsal view; apical margin of T1 with translucent lamella or shallowly thickened with very short translucent margin (Figs 4F, 47C, 61C–G). Tergites usually with or without lateral carinae; when carinate/lamellate (Figs 47E, 49E), then general appearance elongate and other characters not as above ( Malgachemenes)............................................................ 17</p><p>17. Larger-sized species (8–13 mm). Scutellum and metanotum strongly flattened and smoothly passing into mesoscutum and propodeum, therefore dorsal face of mesosoma forming an evenly curved surface (Fig. 2K)............................................................................ “ Odynerus” hyalinelamellatus -group (3 incertae sedis species)</p><p>- Smaller-sized species (5–8 mm). Either scutellum, metanotum or propodeum convex and causing discontinuity, therefore dorsal face of mesosoma not evenly curved..................................................................... 18</p><p>18. Head rounded, upper lobe of eye as long as lower lobe. T 1 in dorsal view wider than long; apical margin of T1 thickened and with a short translucent margin which is on the same plane of the rest of the tergite (Figs 4F, 6E). Apical margin of T2 with a short translucent margin or with a flattened lamella of regular length preceded by a series of coarse punctures (Figs 3E, 6F, 7E, 9E). T3–T4 without lateral lamellar flaps or carinae............................ Afrepipona Giordani Soika (6 species)</p><p>- Head more elongate, upper lobe of eye shorter than lower lobe. T 1 in dorsal view as long as wide or slightly longer; apical margin of T1 with a long and dorsally projecting hyaline lamella (Figs 46D, 47C; absent in Malgachemenes divinus). Apical margin of T2 somewhat decolorate, in some species bearing a strongly reflexed hyaline lamella that can be reduced to the posterolateral corners or complete (Fig. 46D, 47E, 50E). At least T3–T4 with extreme sides developed in lamellar flaps (Fig. 46D, 47B, 51B; very short and weak in M. divinus, 49E)...................... Malgachemenes Gusenleitner (6 species)</p><p>Genus Afrepipona Giordani Soika, 1965</p><p>Afrepipona Giordani Soika 1965: 46, genus. Type species: Odynerus macrocephalus Gribodo in Emery et al. 1894, by original designation.</p><p>Key to the Malagasy species of Afrepipona</p><p>[The key is mostly based on the females, as the male is known only for A. segregata]</p><p>1. Opening of the axillary fossa small but about as wide as long, its outer margin strongly sinuate due to a deep incision on the inner lamella of the scutellar crest (Figs 4C, 6B). Apical margin of T2 simple, only extreme apex with a barely noticeable translucent margin (Figs 4G, 6). Metasoma coarsely and densely punctate, especially on T1 and base of T2 (Figs 4F, 6E)... 2</p><p>- Opening of the axillary fossa narrow and elongate on the longitudinal axis, its outer margin nearly straight. Apical margin of T2 with a well-developed lamellar area, either flattened or reflexed (Figs 3E, 7E, 8E, 9E). Metasoma finely and sparsely punctate ................................................................................................... 3</p><p>2. Stockier appearance, mesosoma 1.4× as long as wide and parallel sided (Fig. 4A). Metanotum shorter, posterior margin weakly produced medially (Fig. 4E). Dorsal faces of propodeum distinctly even if not sharply separated from posterior face (Fig. 4E). T1 shorter and almost right-angled dorsally, in lateral view distinctly divided in two faces; posterior horizontal face very coarsely punctate, punctures almost as wide as one ocellus (Fig. 4F)............................. A. ennesima sp. nov.</p><p>- Slenderer appearance, mesosoma 1.5× as long as wide and narrowing anteriorly (Fig. 5). Metanotum longer, posterior margin strongly produced medially (Fig. 6D). Dorsal faces of propodeum smoothly passing into posterior face (Fig. 6D). T1 longer and obtusely angled, in lateral view almost evenly domed; posterior half less coarsely punctate, punctures about half as wide as one ocellus (Fig. 6E)........................................................................ A. imitans sp. nov.</p><p>3. Robust species, mesosoma 1.3× as long as wide (Fig. 9A). Head stocky, gena in dorsal view longer than dorsal lobe of eye and vertex 2.3× as long as ocellocular distance (Fig. 9D); clypeus wider, 1.35× as wide as long (Fig. 9A). Dorsal faces of propodeum with large flat-bottomed punctures, interspaces mostly reduced to sharp ridges (Fig. 9C). Apical area of T2 with pigmented digitations smoothly passing into flattened lamellar margin (Fig. 9E)........... A. segregata Selis &amp; Carpenter</p><p>- Slender species, mesosoma 1.4–1.55× as long as wide (Figs 3A, 7A, 8A). Head thin, gena in dorsal view shorter than dorsal lobe of eye and vertex 1.9–2.1× as long as ocellocular distance (Figs 3D, 7D, 8D); clypeus narrower, 1.1–1.2× as wide as long (Figs 3A, 7A, 8A). Dorsal faces of propodeum with fine punctures, interspaces flattened and mostly exceeding diameter of punctures. Apical area of T2 with pigmented part more or less sharply separated from reflexed lamellar margin (Figs 3E, 7E, 8E)................................................................................................ 4</p><p>4. Apical corners of clypeus distinctly pointing outwards, apical part of the clypeus appearing dilated below a shallow preapical constriction (Fig. 3C)................................................................ A. dilaticlypeus sp. nov.</p><p>- Apical corners of clypeus not or barely pointing outward, apical part of the clypeus not dilated and without preapical constriction.......................................................................................... 5</p><p>5. Apical lamellar area of T2 distinctly shorter than the preapical area of coarse punctures (Fig. 8E). Pubescence of mesosoma longer, denser and distinctly metallic, in some parts hiding the underlying surface, especially on propodeum (Fig. 8C).......................................................................................... A. resoluta sp. nov.</p><p>- Apical lamellar area of T2 longer than the preapical area of coarse punctures (Fig. 7E). Pubescence of mesosoma shorter, sparser and not metallic, not hiding the underlying surface (Fig. 7C)............................... A. misinjo sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFEAFFF4FF0AF8C707A7C165	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE5FFF1FF0AFF7C0657C40E.text	190A0E05FFE5FFF1FF0AFF7C0657C40E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afrepipona dilaticlypeus Selis 2025	<div><p>Afrepipona dilaticlypeus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 3, 62A)</p><p>Diagnosis. Belonging to the group of Malagasy Afrepipona with slender appearance (mesosoma 1.55× as long as wide) and sharply separated and reflexed lamellar margin of T2 (Fig. 3E), in which it is readily distinguished by the apically widened clypeus (Fig. 3C).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2046455 // MADAGASCAR: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.903667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4755/lat -22.903667)">Tulear</a> / Prov., Mikea Forest NW / of Manombo, 30 m, 6–16 / Jan 2002, 22°54.22'S / 43°28.53'E, R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 011163 / malaise—deciduous dry / forest MA-02-18A-09 // Afrepipona dilaticlypeus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21736) . PARATYPES: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.163&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.587667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.163/lat -25.587667)">Tulear</a>, Cap Ste Marie Special Reserve, 74 km S of Tsihombe, 25.587667S 45.163000E, 37 m, 7–14.I.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.616833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.179667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.616833/lat -23.179667)">Harin’Hala</a>, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081321); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.616833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.179667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.616833/lat -23.179667)">Tulear</a>, Ifaty, near Hotel Paradisia in coastal dunes, 23.179667S 43.616833E, 9 m, 13.X–12.XI.2001, leg. R . Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2146199) .</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 3B). Body length 6.0 mm; fore wing length 5.3 mm.</p><p>Head 1.2× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.2× as wide as long, apical margin barely emarginate and 0.4× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth rounded and strongly pointing laterally, making the apical margin appear widened; clypeus in lateral view barely convex, almost smoothly passing into frons. Vertex 2.05× as long as ocellocular distance, almost flattened and sloping only on posterior margin; cephalic foveae very fine and close to each other, housed in a small and barely differentiated area, placed somewhat closer to ocellar triangle than occipital carina. Gena 0.7× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, fine and weak on vertex, thick and shortly lamellate on gena, distinctly bent in lower half. Flagellum short and thickened towards apex, F1 1.1× as long as wide and 1.4× as long as F2, F2–F9 transverse, becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.45× as long as wide, in lateral view forming an even curvature from pronotum to propodeum. Pronotum weakly convex and barely converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, evenly rounded on humeri; pretegular carina absent. Mesoscutum with fine indication of notauli on posterior margin. Scutellum wider than long, almost evenly convex from side to side, somewhat flattened on disc, anterior margin furrowed in the middle and shallowly crenulate on sides; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as ocellus. Metanotum obliquely sloping, with somewhat convex anterior half. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex with shallow sinuation on anterior third, posterior lobe slightly acute with pointed apex and not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and evenly curved. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina absent; epimeron very weakly projecting below. Propodeum short, in lateral view falling vertically from posterior margin of metanotum, dorsal faces almost smoothly passing into metanotum; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly sloping posterolaterally, not meeting behind metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum shallowly depressed, dorsally margined by blunt lateral carina; posterior face of propodeum very shallowly depressed, forming two pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line with longitudinal fovea covering about the dorsal third and sharp carina below; submarginal carina of propodeum completely fused with propodeal valvula but forming a blunt angle posteriorly. T 1 in dorsal view semicircular, wider than long, anterior margin evenly rounded; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex but not divided in two distinct faces; apical margin of T1 with short hyaline border, becoming longer on sides. T 2 in dorsal view slightly longer than wide and with weakly convex sides, not much wider than T1; preapical area of T2 depressed and coarsely punctate, followed by shallowly reflexed translucent lamella, lamella shorter than ocellar diameter. T3 and S2–S4 with somewhat translucent apical margin. S2 evenly convex in lateral view, with indistinct basal longitudinal furrow.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep punctures separated by about their diameters, interspaces slightly wider on gena, metanotum, propodeum and mesepisternum; clypeus micropunctate and shiny, with scattered fine punctures and few larger punctures above apical margin; tegula sparsely micropunctate and shiny, smooth on disc; lateral faces of propodeum mostly impunctate and matte as metaepisternum, except for central group of dense punctures. T1 with oblique large punctures, interspaces variable but generally wider on disc; T2 with shallow oblique punctures, larger basally and becoming progressively more indistinct apically, preapical depressed area filled with large coarse punctures; T3–T5 with fine deep punctures basally and dense coarse punctures apically; S1 with coarse and irregular longitudinal ridges on posterior half; S2 with large deep punctures separated by more than their diameter; S3–S5 similar to respective tergites but punctures less evident. Covered in short pale metallic pubescence, silvery-golden on head and mesosoma, dust-like and brassy on metasoma; short apically bent setae on frons and most of mesosoma.</p><p>Dark reddish-brown, with darker irregular areas on mesoscutum and metasoma; following parts from ivory to pale yellow: basal half of outer face of mandible, margins of clypeus becoming thicker ventrally, inner eye margin, longitudinal line from clypeus to middle of frons and filling interantennal space, margins of gena and hypostoma, line on anterior margin of pronotum becoming much wider laterally and covering whole lateral faces, anterior and posterior spots on tegula, most of parategula, lateral lamellae of scutellum, border of submarginal carina of propodeum, narrow regular apical band on T1, sinuate and laterally widened band covering depressed preapical area of T2, posterior border of S1, apical bands on S2–S5, most of S6, frontal face of all coxae, line along anteroventral margin of femora, line on anterior margin of fore tibia; T3–T6 mostly orange with suffused whitish bands. Wings hyaline with weak orange tinge along costal margin.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Variability. The three specimens examined show very slight variability in the extension of the pale markings on clypeus and T2 only.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 62A).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is a combination of the Latin adjective “ dilatatus, - a, - um ” (= widened) and the word “clypeus”, in reference to the apically widened clypeus. It is a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFE5FFF1FF0AFF7C0657C40E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE3FFF3FF0AFD6506B8C366.text	190A0E05FFE3FFF3FF0AFD6506B8C366.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afrepipona ennesima Selis 2025	<div><p>Afrepipona ennesima sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 4, 62B)</p><p>Diagnosis. Belonging to the group of Malagasy Afrepipona with simple apical margin of T2 (Fig. 4G) and large opening of axillary fossa (Fig. 4C), in which it is readily recognized by parallel-sided mesosoma and abruptly angled T1 with very coarse punctures (Fig. 4F).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled“ CASENT /2046289 // MADAGASCAR:Prov./ Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana / radio tower at forest edge / 1130m, 21°15.05'S 47°24.43'E / 14–24 Jun 2002, R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 0111145 / malaise, mixed tropical / forest MA-02-09B-32 // Afrepipona ennesima / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21737) . PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 20.III– 3.IV.2003, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2177742); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420155&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.266499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420155/lat -21.266499)">Talatakely</a>, 21.266499S 47.420155E, 1020 m, 16.X–8.XI.2001, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2218461, CASENT2218462); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420155&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.266499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420155/lat -21.266499)">Talatakely</a>, 21.266499S 47.420155E, 1020 m, 22–28.XI.2001, leg. R . Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046470); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420155&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.266499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420155/lat -21.266499)">Talatakely</a>, 21.266499S 47.420155E, 1020 m, 18–28. V .2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT2153831); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.369823&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.226166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.369823/lat -21.226166)">Vohiparara</a>, at broken bridge, 21.226166S 47.369822E, 1110 m, 15–22.XI.2001, leg. R . Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081176) .</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 4B). Body length 7.5 mm; fore wing length 7.0 mm.</p><p>Head 1.2× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.15× as wide as long, apical margin shallowly emarginate and 0.3× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth subtriangular with rounded apex; clypeus in lateral view barely convex, almost smoothly passing into frons. Vertex 1.95× as long as ocellocular distance, shallowly convex in lateral view; cephalic foveae very fine and close to each other, housed in a circular and flattened area about as large as one ocellus, placed closer to ocellar triangle than to occipital margin. Gena as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina incomplete, absent on median third and fine on lateral thirds of vertex, thick and shortly lamellate on gena, distinctly bent in lower half. Flagellum short and thickened towards apex, F1 1.3× as long as wide and 1.15× as long as F2, F2 subquadrate, F3–F9 transverse, becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.4× as long as wide, in lateral view almost forming an even curvature from pronotum to propodeum. Pronotum with weakly convex and nearly parallel sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, lamella slightly higher laterally than medially, evenly rounded on humeri; pretegular carina just indicated above pronotal lobe. Mesoscutum with fine indication of notauli on posterior margin. Scutellum wider than long, widely flattened on disc, anterior margin crenulate with larger median pit; axillary fossa small and rounded, acting as acarinarium, its opening delimited by a deep incision in the inner lamella of the scutellar crest. Metanotum obliquely sloping, evenly and weakly convex from anterior to posterior margin, anterior margin slightly bulging. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe very short, right-angled with pointed apex and not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and evenly curved, slightly flattened laterolaterally. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina absent. Propodeum short, in lateral view falling vertically from posterior margin of metanotum; dorsal faces of propodeum not meeting behind metanotum and distinctly separated from posterior face even if not sharply; lateral faces of propodeum depressed, dorsally margined by blunt lateral carina; posterior face of propodeum flattened, forming two shallow pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line with longitudinal fovea covering about the dorsal half; submarginal carina of propodeum completely fused with propodeal valvula and evenly rounded. T 1 in dorsal view trapezoidal, much wider than long, sides slightly converging and meeting anterior margin forming an obtuse angle; T 1 in lateral view distinctly angled and divided into two faces; apical margin of T1 with narrow hyaline border, almost disappearing on sides. T 2 in dorsal view subquadrate and with convex sides, slightly wider than T1; preapical area of T2 imperceptibly depressed, apical margin with a barely developed translucent border much shorter than one puncture diameter, therefore appearing simple. S2 evenly convex in lateral view, basally with a shallow indication of longitudinal furrow, apical translucent margin more developed than on T2.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep punctures separated by less than their diameters, most interspaces reduced to narrow sharp ridges; interspaces wider on gena, metanotum and mesepisternum, reaching up to several puncture diameters in length; clypeus densely micropunctate with scattered deep punctures, denser basally and very scattered apically; tegula with granular shagreen and sparse micropunctures; lateral faces of propodeum with scattered deep punctures arranged in sparse horizontal series; posterior face of propodeum with very sparse deep punctures, becoming much finer in ventral half. T1 with anterior vertical face shagreened and impunctate, except for few very shallow punctures along upper margin, posterior horizontal face with very coarse and dense oblique punctures, almost as large as one ocellar diameter and touching each other, interspaces reduced to narrow and irregular reticulation; T2 with oblique deep punctures, larger and denser basally and on sides and becoming finer and sparser on disc, preapical area with a band of slightly denser and coarser punctures; T3–T5 with deep punctures, larger apically than basally and becoming progressively finer; S1 with large pits separated by irregular longitudinal ridges; S2 with sparse deep punctures, somewhat finer than on T2; S3–S5 with very scattered fine punctures. Covered in short brownish pubescence, little visible on head and mesosoma, dust-like and denser on metasoma; short setae on frons, clypeus, gena, mesepisternum, S2 and apex of other sternites, longer and finer pale setae on posterolateral angles of propodeum and S1.</p><p>Black with diffused and irregular wine-red areas, brighter and well visible on the following parts: mandible, clypeus, lower half of frons and gena, sides of pronotum, tegula, metanotum, mesepisternum, apical tergites and sternites, tibiae. Following parts ivory: suffused basal dot on mandible, longitudinal line running from interantennal space to middle of frons, narrow complete line bordering pronotal carina, anterior third of metanotum, narrow apical bands on T1–T2 and S2. Wings fusco-hyaline.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Variability. Remarkably constant species, the paratypes show the following variations in various combinations: small ivory spots in antennocular space, longer longitudinal line on frons, reduction of the pronotal band, slightly to markedly wider apical band on T2 and S2.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa (Fig. 62B).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is the feminine form of the Italian adjective “ennesimo”, meaning “yet another”, as this is yet another new species of Afrepipona . It is to be treated as a latinized adjective.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFE3FFF3FF0AFD6506B8C366	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE1FFECFF0AFA4D0172C37E.text	190A0E05FFE1FFECFF0AFA4D0172C37E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afrepipona imitans Selis 2025	<div><p>Afrepipona imitans sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 5–6, 62C)</p><p>Diagnosis. Belonging to the group of Malagasy Afrepipona with simple apical margin of T2 (Fig. 6F) and large opening of axillary fossa (Fig. 6B), in which it is readily recognized by anteriorly narrowing mesosoma (Fig. 5) and evenly domed T1 with punctures about as wide as half ocellar diameter (Fig. 6E).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled“ CASENT/2081295 // MADAGASCAR:Prov./ Antananarivo, 46 km NE of Ankazobe: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.2815&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.2815/lat -18.198)">Ambohitantely</a> / 15 Oct–1 Nov 2004, 700 m / 18°11.88'S 47°16.89'E / colls: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 035370 / malaise, in sclerophyll / forest MA-27-19 // Afrepipona imitans / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det.Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21738) . PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 5♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2081287, CASENT2081297; MSVI, codes CASENT2081286, CASENT2081298, CASENT2081293); same locality as holotype, 22–29.XI.2003, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081277, CASENT2081278); same locality as holotype, 7–22.XII.2004, 3♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081305, CASENT2081306, CASENT2081307); Fianarantsoa, Manombo Spec. Res. camp site, 32 km SSE of Farafangana, 23.021843S 47.720010E, 36 m, 20.I–2.II.2005, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081255); Fianarantsoa, Miandritsara Forest, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792666S 47.175666E, 825 m, 26.XII.2004 – 5.I.2005, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081358); Fianarantsoa, Miandritsara Forest, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792666S 47.175666E, 825 m, 16–25.X.2006, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT8105931); Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.175667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.792665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.175667/lat -20.792665)">Miandritsara Forest</a>, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792666S 47.175666E, 825 m, 13–22.XI.2006, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2047068, CASENT2047069) .</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 6A). Body length 8.0 mm; fore wing length 7.0 mm.</p><p>Head 1.2× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1× as wide as long, apical margin emarginate and 0.25× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth subtriangular with rounded apex; clypeus in lateral view barely convex, almost smoothly passing into frons. Vertex 1.8× as long as ocellocular distance; cephalic foveae very fine and close to each other, housed in two small circular and flattened areas partially fused medially, more or less ∞-shaped, placed slightly closer to ocellar triangle than to occipital margin. Gena 0.9× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina incomplete, absent in the middle of vertex, thick and shortly lamellate on gena, distinctly bent in lower half. F1 1.2× as long as wide and 1.3× as long as F2, F2 slightly longer than wide, F3–F9 transverse, becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.5× as long as wide, in lateral view almost forming an even curvature from pronotum to propodeum. Pronotum with weakly convex and anteriorly converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, shallowly and narrowly depressed in the middle, evenly rounded on humeri; pretegular carina absent. Mesoscutum with fine indication of notauli in posterior third. Scutellum wider than long, widely flattened on disc, anterior margin crenulate with larger median pit; axillary fossa small and rounded, acting as acarinarium, its opening delimited by a deep incision in the inner lamella of the scutellar crest. Metanotum strongly sloping, almost vertical, evenly convex with shallow and narrow longitudinal bulge in anterior third; posterior margin deeply produced in the middle. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe short, right-angled with pointed apex and not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and evenly curved. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina absent. Propodeum short, in lateral view falling vertically from posterior margin of metanotum; dorsal faces of propodeum not meeting behind metanotum and strongly sloping, smoothly passing into posterior face; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, posterodorsally margined by indication of lateral carina; posterior face of propodeum flattened, forming two shallow pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line with longitudinal fovea covering about the dorsal half; submarginal carina of propodeum completely fused with propodeal valvula and evenly rounded. T 1 in dorsal view subtriangular, sides slightly converging in posterior half and then strongly converging anteriorly; T 1 in lateral view evenly domed dorsally, not distinctly separated into two faces; apical margin of T1 with very narrow hyaline border, almost imperceptible. T 2 in dorsal view subquadrate and with convex sides, wider than T1; preapical area of T2 imperceptibly depressed, apical margin with a barely developed translucent border much shorter than one puncture diameter, therefore appearing simple. S2 evenly convex in lateral view, basally with a shallow indication of longitudinal furrow, apical translucent margin slightly more developed than on T2.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep punctures separated by much less than their diameters, all interspaces reduced to narrow sharp ridges and forming a dense reticulation; interspaces wider and flattened on gena, metanotum, dorsal faces of propodeum and mesepisternum; clypeus densely micropunctate and with deep punctures, separated by about their diameter on disc and much sparser apically; tegula with granular shagreen and sparse micropunctures; lateral faces of propodeum with sparse deep punctures arranged in irregular horizontal series; posterior face of propodeum strongly shagreened and mat, with very sparse deep punctures, almost disappearing in ventral half. T1 anteriorly shagreened and almost impunctate, posteriorly with coarse and dense oblique punctures, about half as large as one ocellar diameter and mostly touching each other, interspaces reduced to narrow and irregular reticulation; T2 with oblique deep punctures, larger and denser basally and on sides and becoming finer and sparser on disc, preapical area with a band of slightly denser and coarser punctures; T3–T5 with deep punctures, larger apically than basally and becoming progressively finer; S1 with large pits separated by irregular longitudinal ridges; S2 with sparse deep punctures, somewhat finer than on T2; S3–S5 with very scattered fine punctures. Covered in short brownish pubescence, short and brassy to silvery on head and mesosoma, dust-like and little visible on metasoma; short setae on frons, clypeus, gena, mesepisternum, S2 and apex of other sternites, longer and finer pale setae on posterolateral angles of propodeum and S1.</p><p>Black with diffused and irregular wine-red areas, brighter and well visible on the following parts: mandible, clypeus, lower half of frons and gena, pronotum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum, posterolateral corners of propodeum, apical tergites and sternites, tibiae and tarsi. Following parts ivory-yellow: very small and irregular line on middle of pronotum, anterior margin of metanotum, narrow margin on submarginal carina, sinuate and laterally prolonged apical band on T1, anteriorly concave band covering apical third of T2, apical margin of S1, bisinuate apical band on S2. Wings fusco-hyaline.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Variability. The following variations have been observed: interantennal and antennocular spaces with small yellow markings, ivory markings on pronotum absent to forming a narrow and irregular line along dorsal carina, ivory marking on metanotum narrower and interrupted, apical pale bands on T1–T2 and S2 varying in width. A larger (body length 9.0 mm) paratype (Fig. 6G) collected together with the holotype has a generally brighter red tinge and the yellowish band of T2 covering almost the apical half of the tergite and anteriorly prolonged by two rounded expansions. The four paratypes from Miandritsara Forest (Fig. 6H) show generally narrower and almost pure white markings but, given the variability of the extent of the patterns, the presence of a paratype with a whitish pattern from the same locality as the holotype and the absolute lack of any morphological difference, they are considered as part of intraspecific variability.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa (Fig. 62C).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin participle “ imitans ” (= imitating, copying), as this species shows similar appearance and pattern to Malagassodynerus pulcher .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFE1FFECFF0AFA4D0172C37E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFFEFFEFFF0AFA7503B8C11A.text	190A0E05FFFEFFEFFF0AFA7503B8C11A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afrepipona misinjo Selis 2025	<div><p>Afrepipona misinjo sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 7, 62D)</p><p>Diagnosis. Belonging to the group of Malagasy Afrepipona with slender appearance (mesosoma 1.55× as long as wide) and sharply separated and reflexed lamellar margin of T2 (Fig. 7E), in which it is distinguished by the evenly converging sides of clypeus, a long lamellar margin of T2 (Fig. 7E) and a sparse pubescence of mesosoma (Fig. 7C).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 8105833 // MADAGASCAR: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.7/lat -16.133333)">Majunga</a> / Analamanitra Forest / 14 km NE of Misinjo / 15–22 January 2008 / 16°8'S 45°42'E // Calif. Acad. Of Sciences / coll: M.Irwin, R.Harin’Hala / malaise, dense dry forest / elev 65 ft MG-38-14 // Afrepipona misinjo / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21739) . PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 2–9.X.2007, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2047009) .</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 7B). Body length 5.5 mm; fore wing length 5.0 mm.</p><p>Head 1.2× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1× as wide as long, apical margin shallowly emarginate and 0.3× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth subtriangular with rounded apex and barely pointing laterally; clypeus in lateral view barely convex, almost smoothly passing into frons. Vertex 2.1× as long as ocellocular distance, almost flattened and sloping only on posterior third; cephalic foveae very fine and close to each other, housed in a small and barely differentiated transverse area, placed somewhat closer to ocellar triangle than occipital carina. Gena 0.65× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, fine and weak on vertex, thick and shortly lamellate on gena, distinctly bent in lower half. Flagellum short and thickened towards apex, F1 1.2× as long as wide and 1.2× as long as F2, F2 subquadrate, F3–F9 transverse, becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.4× as long as wide, in lateral view forming an even curvature from pronotum to propodeum. Pronotum with weakly convex and barely converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, evenly rounded on humeri; pretegular carina absent. Mesoscutum with fine indication of notauli on posterior margin. Scutellum wider than long, widely flattened on disc, anterior margin crenulate with larger median pit; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as ocellus. Metanotum obliquely sloping, evenly and weakly convex from anterior to posterior margin. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe slightly acute with pointed apex and not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and evenly curved. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina absent. Propodeum short, in lateral view falling vertically from posterior margin of metanotum, dorsal faces smoothly passing into metanotum; dorsal faces of propodeum nearly vertical and forming an even surface with posterior face, not meeting behind metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum very shallowly depressed, dorsally margined by blunt lateral carina; posterior face of propodeum flattened, forming two pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line with longitudinal fovea covering about the dorsal half; submarginal carina of propodeum completely fused with propodeal valvula but forming a blunt angle posteriorly. T 1 in dorsal view semicircular, wider than long, anterior margin evenly rounded; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex but not divided in two distinct faces; apical margin of T1 with hyaline border, becoming shorter on sides. T 2 in dorsal view slightly wider than long and with convex sides, slightly wider than T1; preapical area of T2 depressed and coarsely punctate, followed by shallowly reflexed translucent lamella, lamella longer than ocellar diameter. S2 evenly convex in lateral view, with shallow basal longitudinal furrow and translucent apical margin.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep punctures separated by about their diameters, interspaces wider on gena, metanotum, propodeum and mesepisternum; clypeus micropunctate and shiny, with scattered fine punctures; tegula very finely shagreened and sparsely micropunctate, shiny; lateral faces of propodeum with scattered deep punctures. T1 with oblique punctures arranged in transverse series, series separated by wide interspaces; T2 with oblique punctures, shallow on disc and deep on sides, preapical depressed area filled with large coarse punctures; T3–T5 with fine deep punctures basally and dense coarse punctures apically; S1 with coarse and irregular longitudinal ridges on posterior half; S2 with fine deep punctures separated by more than their diameter; S3–S5 similar to respective tergites but punctures less evident. Covered in short pale pubescence, whitish on head and mesosoma, dust-like and pale brown on metasoma, pubescence generally indistinct and not covering underlying surface; short setae on face, mesepisternum and sternites, longer and finer pale setae on propodeum.</p><p>Bright red with darker indistinct markings on sides of frons, mesoscutum, ventral face of mesosoma, base of T2 and S2; following parts pale yellow: basal triangle of mandible, line along ventral margin of clypeus becoming wider medially, line along inner eye margin disappearing above, interantennal space and longitudinal line on frons almost reaching anterior ocellus, ventral half of outer eye margin, narrow anterior band on pronotum running along carina and humeral region, anterior spot on tegula, apex of parategula, anterior half of metanotum, spots above propodeal valvula, regular apical band on T1 with short expansions on sides, weakly sinuate apical band on T2, suffused apical bands on T3–T5, most of T6, apical and lateral margins of S1, narrow apical band on S2, indistinct spots at apex of fore femur and base of fore tibia. Wings fusco-hyaline, with very weak brownish tinge.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Variability. The paratype has slightly wider yellow markings: all margins of clypeus, anterior band on pronotum covering the whole lateral faces, line along margin of posterior lobe of tegula, larger markings on propodeum above valvula, longer lateral expansion of band on T1 .</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga (Fig. 62D).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet refers to the locality of Misinjo, close to where the species was collected. It is a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFFEFFEFFF0AFA7503B8C11A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFFCFFEBFF0AF8D103ABC49A.text	190A0E05FFFCFFEBFF0AF8D103ABC49A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afrepipona resoluta Selis 2025	<div><p>Afrepipona resoluta sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 8, 62E)</p><p>Afrepipona segregata Selis &amp; Carpenter, 2024: ♀, figs 17C, E (part., misidentification).</p><p>Diagnosis. Belonging to the group of Malagasy Afrepipona with slender appearance (mesosoma 1.55× as long as wide) and sharply separated and reflexed lamellar margin of T2 (Fig. 8E), in which it is distinguished by the evenly converging sides of clypeus, the short lamellar margin of T2 (Fig. 8E) and the dense metallic pubescence of mesosoma (Fig. 8C).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2153867 // MADAGASCAR: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.591&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.6865" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.591/lat -23.6865)">Tulear</a> / Prov. Beza Mahafaly Res / Parcelle I near res. sta. / 165m, 20–24 Dec 2002 / 23°41.19'S 44°35.46'E / col. R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 024550 / malaise in dry, deciduous / forest MA-02-14A-45 // Afrepipona resoluta / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21740) . PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 9–20.IX.2002, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT8600808); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.303333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.006666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.303333/lat -25.006666)">Tulear</a>, Berenty Special Reserve, 8 km NW of Amboasary, 25.006667S 46.303333E, 85 m, 25.II–7.III.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153801); Tulear, Garten Bistro du Sud, 19–21.X.1996, leg. M. Madl, 1♀ (NHMW) .</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 8B). Body length 6.5 mm; fore wing length 5.5 mm.</p><p>Head 1.15× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.15× as wide as long, apical margin subtruncate and 0.3× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth right-angled with rounded apex; clypeus in lateral view barely convex, almost smoothly passing into frons. Vertex 2.1× as long as ocellocular distance, almost flattened and sloping only on posterior third; cephalic foveae very fine and close to each other, housed in a small and barely differentiated transverse area, placed somewhat closer to ocellar triangle than occipital carina. Gena 0.65× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, fine and weak on vertex, thick and shortly lamellate on gena, distinctly bent in lower half. Flagellum short and thickened towards apex, F1 1.05× as long as wide and 1.2× as long as F2, F2 subquadrate, F3–F9 transverse and becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.55× as long as wide, in lateral view shallowly depressed dorsoventrally. Pronotum with weakly convex and barely converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, weakly projecting on humeri; pretegular carina absent. Mesoscutum with fine indication of notauli on posterior margin. Scutellum wider than long, almost evenly convex from side to side, flattened on disc, anterior margin crenulate with larger median pit; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as ocellus. Metanotum very weakly obliquely sloping, almost horizontal, with somewhat inflated anterior margin. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe slightly acute with pointed apex and not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and evenly curved. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina absent but indicated by a shallow fold of surface. Propodeum short, in lateral view obliquely sloping from posterior margin of metanotum, dorsal faces almost smoothly passing into metanotum; dorsal faces of propodeum nearly vertical and forming an even surface with posterior face, not meeting behind metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum very shallowly depressed, dorsally margined by blunt lateral carina; posterior face of propodeum flattened, forming two pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line with longitudinal fovea covering about the dorsal third; submarginal carina of propodeum completely fused with propodeal valvula but forming a blunt angle posteriorly. T 1 in dorsal view semicircular, wider than long, anterior margin evenly rounded; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex but not divided in two distinct faces; apical margin of T1 with hyaline border. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide and with convex sides, slightly wider than T1; preapical area of T2 depressed and coarsely punctate, followed by very shallowly reflexed translucent lamella, lamella shorter than ocellar diameter. S2 evenly convex in lateral view, with shallow but distinct basal longitudinal furrow and translucent apical margin.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep punctures separated by less than their diameters, interspaces much wider on gena, metanotum, propodeum and mesepisternum; clypeus micropunctate and silky-shiny, with scattered fine punctures and few larger punctures above apical margin; tegula sparsely micropunctate and shiny, almost smooth on disc; lateral faces of propodeum with scattered fine punctures. T1 with oblique shallow punctures, larger and deeper on sides; T2 with small oblique punctures, deeper basally and on sides and becoming very fine on disc, preapical depressed area with a series of large coarse punctures; T3–T5 with fine deep punctures basally and dense coarse punctures apically; S1 with coarse and irregular longitudinal ridges on posterior half; S2 with scattered fine punctures separated by several times their diameter; S3–S5 similar to respective tergites but punctures less evident. Covered in short pale metallic pubescence, silvery-golden on head and mesosoma, dust-like and brassy on metasoma, pubescence generally dense and partly hiding the underlying surface on clypeus and parts of mesosoma; short apically bent setae on face and sides of mesosoma.</p><p>Dark reddish-black, darker on dorsal side of mesosoma; following parts pale to vivid yellow: mandible, clypeus, broad band on inner eye margin reaching lateral ocelli, broad subtriangular marking from clypeus to anterior ocellus, U-shaped marking on vertex, most of gena and hypostoma, anterior band on pronotum reaching ventral corner of lateral faces, small spots on sides of scutellum, anterior half of metanotum, tegula except central spot, irregular markings on posterior half of mesepisternum, spots above propodeal valvula, apical band on T1 partly running along lateral sides, apical bands on T2–T5, most of T6, S1 except median spot, apical band and very large lateral spots on S2, apical bands on S3–S5, ventral face of all coxae, elongate spots on outer face of fore and mid femora, small spot at apex of hind femur, anterior line on fore tibia. Wings hyaline with weak orange tinge along costal margin.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Variability. The extension of the yellow pattern is variable, especially markings on vertex, scutellum, metanotum and mesepisternum can be strongly reduced to absent. The paratype from Beza Mahafaly (CASENT8600808) is particularly dark, lacking spots on vertex, mesepisternum, propodeum and S2. The specimen originally described as female of A. segregata (Selis &amp; Carpenter 2024: 45) is slightly smaller (body length 6.1 mm, fore wing length 5.0 mm), has a ferruginous patch in the middle of clypeus and has irregular yellow spots on S2, but is otherwise nearly identical to the holotype.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 62E).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet comes from the Latin adjective “ resolutus, - a, - um ”, which can be roughly translated to “solved”, in reference to the solved identity of this species, previously misidentified as the female of Afrepipona segregata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFFCFFEBFF0AF8D103ABC49A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF9FFE5FF0AFD1107A7C246.text	190A0E05FFF9FFE5FF0AFD1107A7C246.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afrepipona segregata Selis & Carpenter. A 2024	<div><p>Afrepipona segregata Selis &amp; Carpenter, 2024</p><p>(Figs 9, 62F)</p><p>Afrepipona segregata Selis &amp; Carpenter, 2024: 1, 42, 56 (key), 58 (checklist), figs 17A, B, D, F, 27L, ♂ (non ♀, figs 17C, E)—“ MADAGASCAR … Tulear, Garten Bistro du Sud” (holotype male NHMW).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ MADAGASKAR: TULEAR / Tulear / Garten Bistro du Sud / 19.– 21.10.1996 MADL // Tuleara / leptochiloides Gus. ♂ / J.Gusenleitner,det.2005 // NHMW // Afrepipona segregata / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis [red label]” (NHMW).</p><p>Description of female (hitherto unknown). Habitus in Fig. 9B. Differing from the male (see Selis &amp; Carpenter 2024: 43) as follows: larger size (body length 7.0 mm, fore wing length 6.0 mm), head more robust, clypeus with slightly longer free apical part and deep dense punctures, vertex 2.3× as long as ocellocular distance, cephalic foveae placed in a shallow transverse pit about as wide as one ocellar diameter, yellow pattern reduced on head, coxae and S2, clypeus red with yellow corners.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga *, Toliara (Selis &amp; Carpenter 2024) (Fig. 62F).</p><p>Notes. Selis &amp; Carpenter (2024) described this species based on two specimens with the same collecting data, designating the male as the holotype and the female as the paratype, but noting the doubt in attributing them to the same species given the numerous differences. The examination of new material led to the discovery of the true female of Afrepipona segregata, while the female described by Selis &amp; Carpenter (2024) is attributable to the new species Afrepipona resoluta, described above.</p><p>Genus Alastor Lepeletier, 1841</p><p>Alastor Lepeletier 1841: 668, genus (2 species) (no. 1874 of Official List of Generic Names in Zoology). Type species: Alastor atropos Lepeletier, 1841, by subsequent designation of Ashmead (1902: 210) (no. 2323 of Official List of Specific Names in Zoology).</p><p>Antalastor de Saussure 1856: 328, division of subgenus Alastor of genus Alastor Lepeletier (3 species) (no. 1959 of Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology). Type species: Alastor atropos Lepeletier, 1841, by subsequent designation of van der Vecht (1967: 30); confirmed by Opinion 893 (ICZN 1970). Junior objective synonym of Alastor Lepeletier, 1841 .</p><p>Eualastor Dalla Torre 1904: 60, name for subgenus Alastor of genus Alastor Lepeletier in de Saussure (1856: 328) (several species). Type species: Alastor atropos Lepeletier, 1841, by subsequent designation of van der Vecht &amp; Carpenter (1990: 21). Junior objective synonym of Alastor Lepeletier, 1841 .</p><p>Belalastor Atanassov 1967: 167, subgenus of Alastor Lepeletier. Type species: Alastor (Belalastor) bulgaricus Atanassov [= Alastor (Alastor) seidenstueckeri Blüthgen, 1956], by original designation and monotypy. Junior subjective synonym of Alastor Lepeletier, 1841 according to Gusenleitner (1970: 112).</p><p>Key to the Malagasy species of Alastor</p><p>1. Occipital carina evenly curved on gena and mostly parallel to outer eye margin. Pronotal carina forming a dark but translucent lamella, absent only in the middle. Tegula largely impunctate in anterior half. Propodeum with rounded sides and shortly angled above valvula. T1 with an irregular transverse ridge dividing the anterior sloping part and the posterior horizontal part; T2 without V-shaped furrow, in lateral view barely shorter than S2; S2 flattened, smoothly passing into basal furrow; T3 short, posterior margin transverse and barely curved........................................ A. nigroflavus Giordani Soika</p><p>- Occipital carina diverging from outer eye margin and almost reaching hypostomal carina, then bent at a right-angle. Pronotal carina forming a hyaline lamella, absent in the median third (Figs 10C, 11C). Tegula evenly punctate on whole surface. Propodeum with angled sides and long spine above valvula (Figs 10D, 11D). T1 evenly rounded, without transverse ridge (Figs 10E, 11E); T2 with broad V-shaped furrow, often interrupted in the middle (Figs 10F, 11F), in lateral view much shorter than S2; S2 basally convex, shallowly but clearly separated from basal furrow; T3 long, posterior margin strongly curved (Figs 10B, 11B)............................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. More robust appearance, mesosoma 1.45–1.5× as long as wide, T2 wider than long (Fig. 12A). Transverse carina of metanotum sinuate and shallowly lobate at sides. Horizontal part of T1 with punctures smaller than those on mesosoma and gradually disappearing posteriorly. Entirely covered in dense pale brassy to silvery pubescence, less evidently in male. Male: ventral face of F11 deeply excised in basal half and convex in apical half, the two parts sharply separated (Fig. 12A)............................................................................................ A. madecassus Giordani Soika</p><p>- More slender appearance, mesosoma 1.55–1.85× as long as wide, T2 as long as wide (Figs 10A, 11A). Transverse carina of metanotum regular, not lobate at sides. Horizontal part of T1 with punctures similar or larger than those on mesosoma, abruptly disappearing and leaving a broad impunctate apical area (Figs 10F, 11F). Dorsal side of head and mesosoma only with long erect setae, pubescence inconspicuous and mostly limited to sutures. Male: ventral face of F11 evenly and weakly convex, not divided in two parts (Figs 10A, 11A)...................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Pronotal carina rounded or obtusely angled on humeri, equally high on dorsal and lateral faces or higher on the latter (Fig. 11C); sides of pronotum in dorsal view evenly convex and barely sinuate behind carina. Lateral faces of propodeum with large and dense flat-bottomed cells (Fig. 11D). T1 more cylindrical, in dorsal view longer and with parallel sides (Fig. 11F), in lateral view anterior face raising vertically and separated from posterior part by an obtuse but clear angle (Fig. 11E); T2 more finely and sparsely punctate, interspaces on disc wider than puncture diameter (Fig. 11F). Male: clypeus wider than long, 1.35× as wide as long (Fig. 11A); F11 larger, 0.75× as long as F9 (Fig. 11A). Female: clypeus in frontal view shorter and wider, 1.4× as wide as long, apical margin subtruncate with slightly acute lateral angles (Fig. 11A), in lateral view bulging in basal half and then shallowly depressed................................................................ A. curvatus sp. nov.</p><p>- Pronotal carina right to acutely angled on humeri, much higher dorsally than on lateral faces (Fig. 10C); sides of pronotum in dorsal view markedly sinuate behind carina. Lateral faces of propodeum with small and sparse deep punctures (Fig. 10D). T1 more hemispherical, in dorsal view short and with anteriorly converging sides (Fig. 10F), in lateral view anterior face oblique and forming an even curvature with posterior part (Fig. 10E); T2 more coarsely and densely punctate, interspaces on disc narrower than puncture diameter (Fig. 10F). Male: clypeus subquadrate, 1.15× as wide as long (Fig. 10A); F11 smaller, 0.55× as long as F9 (Fig. 10A). Female: clypeus in frontal view longer and narrower, 1.25× as wide as long, apical margin rounded out with obtuse lateral angles (Fig. 10A), in lateral view evenly and shallowly convex............... A. angulatus sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFF9FFE5FF0AFD1107A7C246	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF7FFE6FF0AFB2C01EBC50A.text	190A0E05FFF7FFE6FF0AFB2C01EBC50A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alastor (Alastorellus) angulatus Selis 2025	<div><p>Alastor (Alastorellus) angulatus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 10, 62G)</p><p>Diagnosis. Forming a pair of sibling species with Alastor curvatus, with which it shares the following characters differentiating them from the other Malagasy Alastor: abruptly bent occipital carina, slender mesosoma, lamellate and hyaline pronotal carina disappearing in median third, not lobate transverse carina of metanotum, T1 with coarse and large punctures abruptly disappearing posteriorly, T2 as long as wide and with broad V-shaped furrow, long T3 with curved posterior margin, male with F11 ventrally not bulging in apical half. Alastor angulatus is then differentiated from A. curvatus by the following characters: male clypeus 1.15× and female clypeus 1.25× as wide as long (Fig. 10A), male F11 small and 0.55× as long as F9 (Fig. 10A), pronotal carina strongly angled on humeri and higher dorsally than on lateral faces (Fig. 10C), lateral faces of propodeum with deep and sparse small punctures (Fig. 10D), T1 with anterior part forming an even curvature with posterior part (Fig. 10E), T2 with punctures on disc larger and denser (Fig. 10F).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2081159 // MADAGASCAR: Prov. / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.179447&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.520278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.179447/lat -12.520278)">Diego-Suarez</a>, PN Montagne/ d’Ambre, 1125m, 14–30 May / 2001, 12°31'13"S 49°10'46"E / R. Harin’Hala, coll.// CASLOT 011126 / malaise MA-01-01D-11 // Alastor angulatus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21741) . PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081153); Antsiranana, Diana Region, Orangea dry forest, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.3665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.2328" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.3665/lat -12.2328)">Ramena</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.3665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.2328" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.3665/lat -12.2328)">Baie</a> de dune 900 m E of Camp Minier, 12.2328S 49.3665E, 152 m, 22–29.XII.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2118534); Antsiranana, SAVA region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.9023&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.0793" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.9023/lat -13.0793)">Vohemar District</a>, 43 km E of Daraina, 13.0793S 49.9023E, 182 m, 26.X–2.XI.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2177732); Antsiranana, SAVA region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.9023&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.0793" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.9023/lat -13.0793)">Vohemar District</a>, 43 km E of Daraina, 13.0793S 49.9023E, 182 m, 16–23.XI.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♂ (CAS, code CASENT2118462; MSVI, code CASENT2118457); Antsiranana, SAVA region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.9023&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.0793" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.9023/lat -13.0793)">Vohemar District</a>, 43 km E of Daraina, 13.0793S 49.9023E , 182</p><p>m, 30.XI–7.XII.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 2♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2118531, CASENT2118532, CASENT2118533) .</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 10B). Body length 8.5 mm; fore wing length 6.0 mm.</p><p>Head 1.2× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.25× as wide as long, apical margin rounded out and laterally margined by obtuse corners, 0.4× as wide as clypeus; clypeus in lateral view evenly convex, flattened in apical third. Vertex 1.25× as long as ocellocular distance, shallowly convex and weakly sloping posteriorly. Gena 0.8× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina incomplete, absent on most vertex, strong and shortly lamellate on gena, carina diverging from outer eye margin and almost reaching hypostomal carina, then abruptly bent and reaching mandibular articulation. Flagellum short and thickened apically, F8 almost twice as wide as F1; F1 1.3× as long as wide and 1.15× as long as F2, F2 subquadrate, F3–F9 transverse and becoming progressively shorter and wider. Mesosoma 1.65× as long as wide, dorsoventrally depressed and in lateral view mesoscutum and scutellum forming an evenly flattened surface. Pronotum with convex and anteriorly converging sides, strongly sinuate on humeri, which are acute; pronotal carina absent in median third of dorsal face, high and forming a long translucent lamella on lateral thirds and right-angled on humeri, sharp but much lower and not translucent on lateral faces; pretegular carina strong but visible only near posterior angle on pronotum; anterior face of pronotum with a short transverse carina perpendicularly originating from pronotal carina on each side. Mesoscutum longer than wide, in lateral view shallowly convex only in anterior third. Scutellum slightly wider than long, entirely flattened with weakly indicated longitudinal impression in posterior third, anterior margin deep and furrowed with shallow crenulation; axillary fossa rounded and deep, placed well below level of disc of scutellum and closed by posterior lobe of tegula. Metanotum vertical with a sharp and high transverse carina delimiting a very short anterior oblique face, carina right-angled at extreme sides. Tegula larger than scutellum, outer margin weakly convex and then abruptly bent, becoming perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body, posterior lobe very large and acute, its apex reaching disc of scutellum. Mesepisternum short and wide, evenly and weakly convex, smoothly passing into surrounding sclerites; mesosternum long and flattened. Propodeum long and strongly oblique, in lateral view evenly sloping from metanotum to orifice, bearing dorsolaterally reflexed subconical teeth with shallowly bidentate apex above valvulae, in dorsal view with straight sides in basal half, then angled and deeply excised between posterolateral angles and apex of apical teeth; dorsal carinae present for a short length from posterolateral corners of metanotum, robust but irregular; posterior face with a median differentiated area, basally as wide as one third of metanotum and with a subtriangular shallowly raised sclerite, then narrowing and deepening towards propodeal orifice; submarginal carina of propodeum running on ventrolateral margin of apical teeth of propodeum and forming the lower point at its apex; propodeal valvula subrectangular and free, not fused with submarginal carina. T 1 in dorsal view with evenly rounded anterior margin smoothly passing into weakly diverging sides, wider than long; T 1 in lateral view forming an evenly and strongly curved surface, shallowly depressed in front of thickened apical margin. T 2 in dorsal view subquadrate with parallel sides, about as wide as apical margin of T1; disc of T2 with a shallow and wide V-shaped depression, its convexity pointing apically; T2 with two shallow preapical bulges. T3 elongate with strongly rounded posterior margin. S2 obliquely cut-off in lateral view and much longer than T2, shallowly but distinctly convex at extreme base and sharply separated from basal furrow.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with large and dense punctures, interspaces narrower than puncture diameter but well evident, slightly convex and shiny, with very fine and sparse micropunctures; clypeus more densely micropunctate and with few sparse large punctures; lateral faces of pronotum with short but strong striae in ventral third along pronotal carina; scutellum with much sparser punctures; metanotum with punctures much smaller and limited to dorsal half; tegula with deep punctures separated by about their diameter, smooth only on a small spot on disc, otherwise evenly and completely punctate; mesepisternum with punctures becoming sparser ventrally; dorsal faces of propodeum with large flat-bottomed punctures, denser medially; lateral faces of propodeum with sparse small and deep punctures; sides of posterior face of propodeum smooth and shiny with scattered deep punctured, median area entirely smooth. T1 with anterior vertical part finely shagreened with scattered fine punctures, posterior horizontal part with very large oblique punctures partially fused in irregular series, punctures disappearing abruptly and leaving a smooth area about as long as two ocellar diameters; T2 on disc with large and deep punctures, interspaces generally narrower than puncture diameter, punctures becoming much finer and slightly sparser on sides and apically, except for a preapical area with coarse and dense punctures; T3 sculpted similar to disc of T2, but punctures denser and interspaces almost disappearing in apical third; T4–T6 shagreened with scattered shallow punctures; S1 sculpted like T1; S2 punctate similar to T3, but interspaces slightly wider and shiny; S3–S6 shagreened with barely visible scattered punctures. Head and mesosoma with short and dense silvery pubescence on sides and ventral part, dorsal face of both with inconspicuous pubescence limited to sutures and otherwise bare; metasoma with non-metallic and dust-like pubescence; erect setae on whole body, long and perpendicular to surface on head and mesosoma (except parts of propodeum), shorter and oblique on metasoma, longer and denser on S2.</p><p>Black; following parts bright red: most of head (except interantennal space, ocellar area and line connecting them), dorsal face of pronotum, broad M-shaped marking on mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum except carina, most of mesepisternum, dorsal and lateral faces of propodeum, irregular broad markings on sides of T1, sides and apical third of T2, most of T3, S1–S2, legs; following parts ferruginous-orange: clypeus, ocular sinus, scape, most of tegula, T4–T6 and S3–S6; following parts pale yellow: large subtriangular spots on pronotal humeri, curved band covering posterior half of scutellum and narrowly interrupted in the middle, anterior and posterior spots on tegula, thickened apical margin of T1, sinuate apical band on T2 slightly wider on sides, transverse spot in middle of apical spot of T3, apical band on S2 wider in the middle; outer face of all tibiae with white line. Wings fusco-hyaline with dark brown tinge and purplish reflections along costa.</p><p>Male. Similar to female, differing as follows: smaller size (body length 6.0 mm, fore wing length 5.0 mm), clypeus narrower and higher, 1.15× as wide as long with anterior margin subtruncate and margined by pointed teeth, 0.4× as wide as clypeus, F11 small and 0.55× as long as F9, more or less almond-shaped in dorsal view, weakly curved with sinuate ventral margin in lateral view, mesosoma shorter and 1.55× as long as wide, T1 shorter and less convex, T2 shorter and with stronger posterolateral bulges, clypeus, mandible and ocular sinus entirely yellow.</p><p>Variability. The female paratype from 43 km E of Daraina is smaller, with less red markings and has a pale yellow basal band on clypeus. In some males the pale spots on the tegula are connected by a narrow line along the outer margin.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana (Fig. 62G).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is the Latin adjective “ angulatus, - a, - um ” (= angled), in reference to the angled pronotal humeri differentiating this species from Alastor curvatus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFF7FFE6FF0AFB2C01EBC50A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF4FFE3FF0AFC610623C302.text	190A0E05FFF4FFE3FF0AFC610623C302.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alastor (Alastorellus) curvatus Selis 2025	<div><p>Alastor (Alastorellus) curvatus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 11, 62H)</p><p>Diagnosis. Forming a pair of sibling species with Alastor angulatus, with which it shares the following characters differentiating them from the other Malagasy Alastor: abruptly bent occipital carina, slender mesosoma, lamellate and hyaline pronotal carina disappearing in median third, not lobate transverse carina of metanotum, T1 with coarse and large punctures abruptly disappearing posteriorly, T2 as long as wide and with broad V-shaped furrow, long T3 with curved posterior margin, male with F11 ventrally not bulging in apical half. Alastor curvatus is then differentiated from A. angulatus by the following characters: male clypeus 1.35× and female clypeus 1.4× as wide as long (Fig. 11A), male F11 large and 0.75× as long as F9 (Fig. 11A), pronotal carina at most obtusely angled on humeri and as high dorsally as on lateral faces or even shorter (Fig. 11C), lateral faces of propodeum with shallow and dense flat-bottomed cells (Fig. 11D), T1 subcylindrical and with anterior part forming an angle with posterior part (Fig. 11E), T2 with punctures on disc finer and sparser (Fig. 11F).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “CASENT / 8105943 // MADAGASCAR: Majunga / Ambovomamy Belambo / 20 km NW of Port Berger / 23 Nov–8 Dec 2007 / 15°27.07'S, 47°36.80'E / California Acad of Sciences // coll: R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin, / F. Parker, malaise, second- / ary growth on white sand / elev 33 m MG-33-40 // Alastor curvatus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21742). PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 3♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105940; MSVI, codes CASENT 8105937, CASENT 8105938); same locality as holotype, 4–14.I.2007, 2♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 8105952, CASENT 8105955, CASENT 8105999); same locality as holotype, 22–27.I.2007, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105801; MSVI, code CASENT 8105800); same locality as holotype, 13–15.XI.2007, 6♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2046251, CASENT 2046256, CASENT 2046263, CASENT 2046264, CASENT 2046266; MSVI, code CASENT 2046254); same locality as holotype, 11–20.XII.2007, 5♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2047061, CASENT 2047062, CASENT 2047063; MSVI, codes CASENT 2047059, CASENT 2047060); same locality as holotype, 31.XII.2007 – 7.I.2008, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2047078); Antananarivo, 46 km NE of Ankazobe, Ambohitantely, 18.1980S 47.2815E, 700 m, 20.I–1.II.2004, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2081283, CASENT 2081284); Antsiranana, Foret de Bekaraoka, 6.8 km 60°ENE of Daraina, 13.1666S 49.7100E, 150 m, 7.XII.2003, leg. B.L. Fisher, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2177663); Antsiranana, Réserve Spéciale d’Ambre, 3.5 km 235°SW of Sakaramy, 12.4688S 49.2422E, 325 m, 26–31.I.2001, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2001748); Antsiranana, Vohemar, SAVA region, Andranotsimaty dry forest, 9 km NE of Daraina, 13.1695S 49.7006E, 90 m, 16–26.XII.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2118498); Fianarantsoa, near Isalo NP, in dry wash east of Interpretive Center, 22.6266S 45.3581E, 885 m, 2–12.II.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153743); Mahajanga, Sofia District, 45 km S of Antsohihy, 5 km W of Anjiamangirana, 15.1570S 47.7341E, 97 m, 13–19.XII.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2118523, CASENT 2118527); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.3193S 46.8133E, 43 m, 8–17.XII.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2153701, CASENT 2153702); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.1333S 45.7000E, 11–18.XII.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2047103); Majunga, Maintirano District, Asondrodava dry forest, 15 km N of Maintirano, 17.9653S 44.0355E, 17–24.XII.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2166026); Toliara, PN de Kirindy Mitea, 15.5 km 64°ENE of Marofandilia, 20.0450S 44.6622E, 100 m, 28.XI–3.XII.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2046394); Tulear, Zombitse NP, near ANGAP office, 22.8865S 44.6921E, 840 m, 15.X–9.XI.2001, leg. M.E. Irwin, F.D. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2053923); Tulear, Zombitse NP, near national road, 22.8405S 44.7311E, 825 m, 15.X–9.XI.2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153885).</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 11B). Body length 7.5 mm; fore wing length 6.0 mm.</p><p>Head 1.2× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.4× as wide as long, apical margin subtruncate with shortly lobate median third, 0.35× as wide as clypeus, lateral teeth right-angled and shallowly reflexed, with a very short but distinct carina; clypeus in lateral view strongly convex basally, shallowly depressed in apical third. Vertex 1.6× as long as ocellocular distance, almost flattened and barely sloping in lateral view. Gena 0.8× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina incomplete, absent on vertex and upper fourth of gena, on gena diverging from outer eye margin and almost reaching hypostomal carina, then abruptly bent and reaching mandibular articulation, vertical part distinct but very fine, horizontal part very shortly lamellate. Flagellum short and weakly thickened apically; F1 1.2× as long as wide and 1.2× as long as F2, F2–F8 transverse and becoming progressively shorter and wide, F9 subquadrate. Mesosoma 1.8× as long as wide, dorsoventrally depressed and in lateral view mesoscutum and scutellum forming an evenly flattened surface. Pronotum with weakly convex and converging sides, barely sinuate behind obtuse humeri; pronotal carina absent on median third where the pronotum is shallowly depressed, carina high and lamellate on lateral thirds and evenly rounded on humeri, lamellate and as high on dorsal part on lateral faces; pretegular carina strong but visible only near posterior angle of pronotum; anterior face of pronotum with a short transverse carina perpendicularly originating from pronotal carina on each side. Mesoscutum longer than wide, in lateral view shallowly convex only in anterior third. Scutellum trapezoidal, sides diverging and posterior margin wider than anterior margin; disc flattened with a very shallow longitudinal impression, anterior margin evenly crenate; axillary fossa rounded and deep, placed well below level of disc of scutellum and closed by posterior lobe of tegula. Metanotum vertical with a sharp and high transverse carina delimiting a very short anterior oblique face, carina curved down at extreme sides. Tegula larger than scutellum, outer margin strongly convex, convexity increasing posteriorly so that the margin becomes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body, posterior lobe very large and acute with rounded apex, its apex reaching disc of scutellum. Mesepisternum short and wide, evenly and weakly convex, smoothly passing into surrounding sclerites; mesosternum long and flattened. Propodeum long and strongly oblique, in lateral view evenly sloping from metanotum to orifice, bearing dorsolaterally reflexed subconical teeth with shallowly bidentate apex above valvulae, in dorsal view with straight sides in basal half, then angled and deeply excised between posterolateral angles and apex of apical teeth; dorsal carinae present for a short length from posterolateral corners of metanotum, robust but irregular; posterior face with a median differentiated area, basally about as wide as one third of metanotum and narrowing and deepening towards propodeal orifice; submarginal carina of propodeum running on ventrolateral margin of apical teeth of propodeum and forming the lower point at its apex; propodeal valvula subrectangular and free, not fused with submarginal carina. T1 subcylindrical, in dorsal view with nearly straight anterior margin smoothly passing into subparallel sides, about as wide as long; T 1 in lateral view raising perpendicularly behind insertion of suspensory ligament, forming a barely convex vertical face, weakly but distinctly separated from posterior horizontal part, which is flattened with a very shallow impression in front of shallowly thickened apical margin. T 2 in dorsal view subquadrate with parallel sides, about as wide as apical margin of T1; disc of T2 with a shallow and wide, medially interrupted V-shaped depression, its convexity pointing apically and anteriorly margining two shallow preapical bulges; apical margin of T2 shallowly concave in the middle. T3 elongate with strongly rounded posterior margin. S2 obliquely cut-off in lateral view and much longer than T2, shallowly but distinctly convex at extreme base and sharply separated from basal furrow.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with large and dense punctures, interspaces narrower than puncture diameter but well evident, slightly convex and shiny, with very fine and sparse micropunctures; clypeus more densely micropunctate and with sparse large punctures separated by more than their diameter; lateral faces of pronotum coarsely and irregularly punctate along pronotal carina; scutellum with sparser and smaller punctures; metanotum with punctures much smaller and limited to dorsal half; tegula with deep punctures separated by about their diameter, smooth only on a small spot on disc, otherwise evenly and completely punctate; mesepisternum with punctures becoming sparser ventrally; dorsal faces of propodeum with large flat-bottomed punctures, denser on median half where interspaces are reduced to sharp ridges; lateral faces of propodeum similar to dorsal faces, but punctures much shallower and wider, forming large polygonal cells separated by very narrow interspaces; sides of posterior face of propodeum smooth and shiny with sparse deep punctures, median area finely shagreened and less shiny. T1 with anterior vertical part finely shagreened with scattered fine punctures, posterior horizontal part with very large oblique punctures separated by narrow convex interspaces, punctures disappearing abruptly and leaving an apical smooth area about as long as two ocellar diameters in the middle; T2 on disc with deep oblique punctures, interspaces generally much wider than puncture diameter, punctures becoming larger on sides, finer and sparser on convex part behind furrow, preapical area with coarser and dense punctures; T3 with small deep punctures separated by less than their diameter, leaving an impunctate apical area, interspaces densely shagreened; T4–T6 shagreened with scattered shallow punctures; S1 sculpted similar to T1; S2 with deep punctures, interspaces about as wide as puncture diameter and shiny; S3–S6 shagreened with barely visible scattered punctures. Head and mesosoma with short silvery pubescence on sides and ventral part, dorsal face of both with inconspicuous pubescence limited to sutures and otherwise bare; metasoma with non-metallic and dust-like pubescence; erect setae on whole body, long and perpendicular to surface on head and mesosoma (except parts of propodeum), shorter and oblique on metasoma, longer and denser on S1–S2.</p><p>Black; following parts red: mandible except teeth, scape, margins of ocular sinus, line on upper half of gena, anterior half of dorsal face and posterior margin of pronotum, band on posterior half of scutellum reaching anterior margin on extreme sides, rounded spot on mesepisternum below tegula, anterolateral spot on dorsal faces of propodeum, rounded lateral spots connected to preapical band on T1, preapical band strongly extended on sides on T2, most of T3, most of S1, preapical band on S2, most of legs; following parts pale yellow: spot in middle of ocular sinus, small spot on pronotal humeri, anterior and posterior spots on tegula, narrow apical margin of T1, sinuate apical band on T2, transverse biconvex spot in middle of apical margin of T3, apical band on S2, line on outer face of all tibiae; clypeus, tegula, T4–T6 and S3–S6 ferruginous, clypeus with paler basal margin and apical corners. Wings hyaline with brown tinge along costal margin.</p><p>Male. Similar to female, differing as follows: clypeus slightly narrower and higher, 1.35× as wide as high, with anterior margin subtruncate and margined by pointed teeth, 0.4× as wide as clypeus, F11 0.75× as long as F9, almond-shaped in dorsal view, nearly straight with convex ventral margin in lateral view, mesosoma shorter and 1.6× as long as wide, T1–T2 shorter, clypeus and mandible yellow.</p><p>Variability. Some specimens present the pronotal humeri weakly and obtusely angled. The red pattern is highly variable even in the same locality, ranging to almost completely absent to completely replacing the black.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toliara (Fig. 62H).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is the Latin adjective “ curvatus, - a, - um ” (= curved, rounded), in reference to the rounded pronotal humeri differentiating this species from Alastor angulatus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFF4FFE3FF0AFC610623C302	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF1FFE3FF0AFA69072AC0BD.text	190A0E05FFF1FFE3FF0AFA69072AC0BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alastor (Alastorellus) madecassus Giordani Soika. J 1991	<div><p>Alastor (Alastorellus) madecassus Giordani Soika, 1991</p><p>(Figs 1J, K, 12A, 62I)</p><p>Alastor madecassus Giordani Soika, 1991b: 52 (key), 53, ♀, ♂ (in subgenus Alastorellus)—“ Madagascar: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.7/lat -23.7)">Tulear</a>, Prov. Beza Mahafy Res., 23°42'S, 44°42'E " (holotype female MCZC).</p><p>Type material examined. PARATYPES: Reg. Sud de l’Ile, Bekily, 1♂ (MSNVE). Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana *, Mahajanga *, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1991b) (Fig. 62I) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFF1FFE3FF0AFA69072AC0BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF1FFDDFF0AF93407A7C1BE.text	190A0E05FFF1FFDDFF0AF93407A7C1BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alastor (Alastorellus) nigroflavus Giordani Soika. K 1991	<div><p>Alastor (Alastorellus) nigroflavus Giordani Soika, 1991</p><p>(Figs 12B, 62J)</p><p>Alastor nigroflavus Giordani Soika, 1991b: 51, 52 (key), 54, ♀, (in subgenus Alastorellus)—“ Madagascar: Bekily ” (MSNVE).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ Bekily / I-33 // HOLOTYPUS / Alastor / nigroflavus [red label]” (MSNVE).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Giordani Soika 1991b) (Fig. 62J).</p><p>Notes. The three specimens in CAS were compared with the holotype of Alastor nigroflavus and differ from it in pattern (largely red and with white-yellow band on T1 – T3 and S2) and curvature of outer margin of tegula (more abruptly curved posteriorly). It cannot be excluded that they represent a distinct species, however the three specimens do not present further differences compared to the holotype and show a certain variability in the two aforementioned characters. Pending more abundant material, they are considered conspecific with Alastor nigroflavus .</p><p>Genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855</p><p>Antepipona de Saussure, 1855: 244, name for section C of division V of subgenus Leionotus de Saussure of genus Odynerus Latreille in de Saussure, 1853: 213 (4 species); declared available from date of publication by Opinion 893 (ICZN 1970) (no. 1858 of Official List of Generic Names in Zoology). Type species: Odynerus silaos de Saussure, 1853, by subsequent designation of van der Vecht (1967: 30); confirmed by Opinion 893 (no. 2338 of Official List of Specific Names in Zoology).</p><p>Odontodynerus Blüthgen, 1938: 280, subgenus of “ Euodynerus Blüthgen ” [= Euodynerus Dalla Torre]. Type species: “ Odynerus orbitalis H.-Sch. 1841” [= Odynerus orbitalis Herrich-Schaeffer, 1839], by original designation. Junior subjective synonyms of Antepipona de Saussure, 1855 according to van der Vecht (1970: 17).</p><p>Postepipona Giordani Soika, 1974a: 71, 77, genus. Type species: Postepipona socotrae Giordani Soika, 1974, by original designation and monotypy. Syn. nov.</p><p>Simplepipona Gusenleitner, 2004: 1075, 1079, genus. Type species: Simplepipona andreanicolor Gusenleitner, 2004, by original designation and monotypy. Syn. nov.</p><p>Notes. Giordani Soika (1974a) established the monotypic genus Postepipona to accommodate the Socotra endemic Postepipona socotrae Giordani Soika, 1974, comparing it to the continental genus Antepipona and providing as diagnostic characters the absence of the epicnemial carina, the convex and edentate metanotum, the shape of the propodeum and the hemispherical T1. Later, Borsato (1999) included in the genus a second species from Madagascar, Odynerus malagassus de Saussure, 1900, but without providing any motivation. Gusenleitner (2004) described another monotypic genus, Simplepipona, to accommodate the newly described Simplepipona andreanicolor from Madagascar, comparing it with Anterhynchium de Saussure but then synonymizing it under Postepipona in a subsequent paper (Gusenleitner 2011). Examination of the three species currently included in Postepipona revealed that P. socotrae and S. andreanicolor, which is a junior synonym of Odynerus vatondrangyensis (see under Antepipona vatondrangyensis), belong in fact to Antepipona, while Odynerus malagassus is a junior synonym of Odynerus melanus, which is considered as incertae sedis (see under “Species incertae sedis ” section). It could be argued that one of the main diagnostic characters of Antepipona, the presence of sharp metanotal teeth, is not clearly observed in P. socotrae and O. vatondrangyensis, but it is important to consider that a certain degree of reduction of these teeth is observed in several species of the genus occurring both in continental Africa and Madagascar, and some hints of metanotal teeth are still visible in both species. In particular, P. socotrae shows some affinities with a group of continental species currently recognized as a distinct genus, Ovodynerus Giordani Soika, which is characterized by a convex and weakly tuberculate metanotum, while O. vatondrangyensis is closely related to two other Malagasy endemic species, A. hova and A. seyrigi, which present the metanotal teeth reduced to short transverse carinae. Considering these affinities, the lack of metanotal teeth in these two species should be considered as a secondary loss of the character, making Postepipona and Simplepipona junior synonyms of Antepipona .</p><p>Key to the Malagasy species of Antepipona</p><p>1. T 1 in dorsal view more elongate, only slightly shorter than apically wide and distinctly narrower than T2; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex, with a distinct dorsal horizontal face. Parategula bearing a thick tuft of pale setae in its concavity................................................................................... A. lemuriensis (Giordani Soika)</p><p>- T 1 in dorsal view less elongate, about half as long as apically wide and barely narrower than T2; T 1 in lateral view very weakly convex and almost entirely vertical, not forming a distinct horizontal face. Parategula without tuft of setae, entirely bare... 2</p><p>2. Lateral carinae of scutellum and metanotal teeth barely developed and blunt. Submarginal carina of propodeum forming a short and blunt lobe, not distinctly separated from valvula. Apical margin of T2 simple and not thickened.......................................................................................... A. vatondrangyensis (Giordani Soika)</p><p>- Lateral carinae of scutellum and metanotal teeth variably developed but always distinct and sharp. Submarginal carina of propodeum forming a long and sharp lobe, mostly separated from valvula. Apical margin of T2 variably reflexed and thickened in posterior view...................................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Both lateral carinae of scutellum and metanotal teeth form high subtriangular lobes, higher than their width at base. Apical margin of T2 and T3 strongly reflexed; apical margin of T2 higher than one ocellar diameter in posterior view......................................................................................... A. declarata Giordani Soika</p><p>- Lateral carinae of scutellum not forming lobes; metanotal teeth forming short undulate lobes, shorter than their width at base. Apical margin of T2 weakly reflexed, margin of T3 only occasionally shallowly thickened; apical margin of T2 shorter than one ocellar diameter in posterior view........................................................................ 4</p><p>4. Lateral carinae of scutellum slightly higher in posterior half. Dorsal side of meso- and metasoma with barely visible pale pubescence. Male: F11 claw-shaped and small, reaching apex of F8. Female: punctures of clypeus coarser and denser, interspaces at most reaching puncture diameter in size....................................... A. hova (de Saussure)</p><p>- Lateral carinae of scutellum of same height for whole length. Dorsal side of meso- and metasoma with brassy pubescence. Male: F11 flattened, apically expanded and large, reaching base of F8. Female: punctures of clypeus finer and sparser, interspaces exceeding puncture diameter in size.................................................. A. seyrigi (Giordani Soika)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFF1FFDDFF0AF93407A7C1BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFF7C02E3C4B3.text	190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFF7C02E3C4B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona declarata Giordani Soika. A 1991	<div><p>Antepipona declarata Giordani Soika, 1991</p><p>(Figs 2A, 13A–C, 62K)</p><p>Antepipona declarata Giordani Soika, 1991a: 79, 80, ♀ —“ MADAGASCAR oCCIDENTALE: Ankarafantsika ” (UUZM).</p><p>Description of male (hitherto unknown). Habitus in Fig. 13B. Differing from the female as follows: head 1.35× as wide as high, clypeus 1.1× as wide as long and deeply emarginate at apex, emargination about as deep as wide and laterally bordered by sharp spiniform teeth, F11 small and thin with sharply pointed apex not reaching basal margin of F9, pronotal humeri slightly more projecting, lateral carinae of scutellum narrower but slightly longer (Fig. 13C), apical reflexed part of T3 shorter, mandible, labrum and clypeus entirely yellow, fore tibia with narrow whitish line on outer face, mid and hind tibiae with whitish spots at base and apex, tarsi white basally and becoming yellow-ferruginous apically.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana *, Mahajanga, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1991a; Gusenleitner 2000) (Fig. 62K).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFF7C02E3C4B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFD390180C58D.text	190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFD390180C58D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona hova (de Saussure 1900)	<div><p>Antepipona hova (de Saussure, 1900)</p><p>(Figs 2C, 13D, 62L)</p><p>Odynerus hova de Saussure, 1900: 238, ♀, ♂ —“Nossi-Bé” (type depository unknown).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara (de Saussure 1900; Giordani Soika 1941, 1991a; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2000, 2004) (Fig. 62L).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFD390180C58D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFBFB03C3C2CE.text	190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFBFB03C3C2CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona lemuriensis (Giordani Soika 1941)	<div><p>Antepipona lemuriensis (Giordani Soika, 1941)</p><p>(Figs 1L, 14A, 62M)</p><p>Odynerus lemuriensis Giordani Soika, 1941: 170, fig. 10-6, ♂, ♀ —“ Bekily ” (type lost).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga *, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1941, 1973; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2000) (Fig. 62M).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFBFB03C3C2CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFAA4010AC0B7.text	190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFAA4010AC0B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona seyrigi (Giordani Soika 1941)	<div><p>Antepipona seyrigi (Giordani Soika, 1941)</p><p>(Figs 14B, 62N)</p><p>Odynerus Seyrigi Giordani Soika, 1941: 172, ♀, ♂ —“ Bekily ” (type lost).</p><p>Type material examined. PARALECTOTYPES: Bekily, I.1933, 3♂ (MSNVE) ; Bekily, II.1933, leg. A. Seyrig, 1♂ (MSNVE) ; Bekily, III.1933, 1♂ (MSNVE) .</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1941, 1973, 1991a; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2004) (Fig. 62N).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFAA4010AC0B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFD9FF0AF93D07A7C230.text	190A0E05FFCEFFD9FF0AF93D07A7C230.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antepipona vatondrangyensis (Giordani Soika 1941) Selis 2025	<div><p>Antepipona vatondrangyensis (Giordani Soika, 1941), comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 14C, 62O)</p><p>Odynerus vatondrangyensis Giordani Soika, 1941: 179, ♀ —“M. Vatondrangy” (type lost).</p><p>Simplepipona andreanicolor Gusenleitner, 2004: 1075, 1079, ♀, ♂ —“Centr., südl. Ambatolampy, 1200m, Ambohimena Tongruben” (holotype female JOEG). Syn. nov.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa (Giordani Soika 1941; Gusenleitner 2004) (Fig. 62O).</p><p>Notes. Odynerus vatondrangyensis was originally described by Giordani Soika (1941) in his key to Malagasy “ Odynerus ” and then remained as an incertae sedis species until recently, when Dal Pos et al. (2022) listed it as Ovodynerus vatondrangyensis but still marking it as incertae sedis. Examination of a pair housed in MSNVE (labelled by Giordani Soika with the unpublished combination Postepipona vatondrangyensis) revealed that this taxon belongs to Antepipona . Moreover, comparison of the two specimens with the original description and a female paratype showed Simplepipona andreanicolor to be a synonym of Antepipona vatondrangyensis .</p><p>Genus Anterhynchium de Saussure, 1863</p><p>Anterhynchium de Saussure, 1863: 205, name for division I of genus Rhynchium Spinola in de Saussure 1852: 103 . Type species: Rygchium synagroides de Saussure, 1852, by subsequent designation of van der Vecht (1963: 73).</p><p>Key to the Malagasy species of Anterhynchium</p><p>1. Propodeal angles produced into one to four thick spines. Wings hyaline-ferruginous. Male: F11 short, weakly curved and barely reaching apex of F8; mid femur normal.............................................. A. grandidieri (de Saussure)</p><p>- Propodeal angles rounded, without spines. Male: F11 different; mid femur basally depressed on ventral face............. 2</p><p>2. T1 short and basally subtruncate. Punctures fine, interspaces on mesosoma not reduced to reticulation; punctures on T2 dense and uniform. Wings hyaline with orange tinge. Male: clypeus shagreened and impunctate, yellow; F8 deeply emarginate at apex to accommodate apex of F11, F9 strongly depressed on ventral face, F11 flattened dorsoventrally and reaching middle of F8.............................................................................. A. andreanum (de Saussure)</p><p>- T1 semi-helliptical, basally rounded. Punctures large and coarse, interspaces on mesosoma reduced to reticulation; punctures on T2 becoming deeper and denser on sides. Wings infuscate in basal half, hyaline in apical half. Male: clypeus punctured and orange-brown with median yellow line; F8 not emarginate at apex and F9 evenly convex, F11 not flattened and reaching base of F9........................................................................ A. madecassum (de Saussure)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFCEFFD9FF0AF93D07A7C230	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCBFFD9FF0AFBBD0363C022.text	190A0E05FFCBFFD9FF0AFBBD0363C022.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anterhynchium (Anterhynchium) andreanum (de Saussure 1890)	<div><p>Anterhynchium (Anterhynchium) andreanum (de Saussure, 1890)</p><p>(Figs 2B, 2D, 15A, 62P)</p><p>Odynerus andreanus de Saussure, 1890: 161 (key), 167, pl. 19 figs 4, 4c, 4t, ♀, ♂ —“Nosibé Madagascar ” (lectotype MHNG). Odynerus andreanus discolor Giordani Soika, 1941: 174, ♀ —“ Bekily ” (lectotype lost). Junior subjective synonym of Odynerus andreanus de Saussure, 1890 according to Selis &amp; Carpenter (2023: 84).</p><p>Type material examined. LECTOTYPE Of ODYNERUS ANDREANUS: ♂, labelled “nossi-bé // Odyn. / andreanus / ♂ Sss. // MHNG / ENTO ♂ / 00013319 // Odynerus andreanus / de Saussure, 1890 / LECTOTYPE / Des. Marco Selis 2022” (MHNG).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toliara (de Saussure 1890; du Buysson 1900, 1907; Giordani Soika 1941; 1991a; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2000, 2004; Selis &amp; Carpenter 2023) (Fig. 62P).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFCBFFD9FF0AFBBD0363C022	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCBFFDBFF0AF98903E9C756.text	190A0E05FFCBFFDBFF0AF98903E9C756.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anterhynchium (Anterhynchium) grandidieri (de Saussure 1890)	<div><p>Anterhynchium (Anterhynchium) grandidieri (de Saussure, 1890)</p><p>(Figs 15B, 63A)</p><p>Odynerus grandidieri de Saussure, 1890: 161 (key), 164, 167, pl. 4 figs 16a, 16c, 16t, ♀ —“ Madagascar ” (holotype MNHN).</p><p>Odynerus hildebrandti de Saussure, 1890: 161 (key), 165, 166, pl. 17 figs 10, 10c, ♀, ♂ —“ Madagascar.-Partie centrale” (syntypes ZMHB). Junior subjective synonym of Odynerus grandidieri de Saussure, 1890 according to Giordani Soika (1941: 172).</p><p>Epiodynerus grandidieri limbatulus Giordani Soika, 1991a: 81, ♂ —“ Madagascar centrale: Analavory” (holotype UUZM). Junior subjective synonym of Odynerus grandidieri de Saussure, 1890 according to Selis &amp; Carpenter (2023: 87).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE Of EPIODYNERUS GRANDIDIERI LIMBATULUS: ♂, labelled “M-cus / 88:255 // MADAGASCAR / Centre: / Analavory / 2 III 1988 / L.A.NILSSON // HOLOTYPUS / grandidieri / limbatulus [red label] // Epiodynerus / grandidieri / limbatulus/ See Giordani-Soika / 1991:81” (UUZM).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa, Toamasina, Toliara (de Saussure 1890, 1900; Friederichs 1919; von Schulthess 1919; Giordani Soika 1941, 1991a; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2004; Selis &amp; Carpenter 2023) (Fig. 63A).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFCBFFDBFF0AF98903E9C756	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC8FFDAFF0AFF7C0393C328.text	190A0E05FFC8FFDAFF0AFF7C0393C328.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anterhynchium (Anterhynchium) madecassum (de Saussure 1852)	<div><p>Anterhynchium (Anterhynchium) madecassum (de Saussure, 1852)</p><p>(Figs 1D, 15C, 16, 63B)</p><p>Rygchium madecasse de Saussure, 1852: 102 (key), 111, ♀ —“ Madagascar ” (holotype MNHN).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Toamasina, Toliara (de Saussure 1852, 1890; von Schulthess 1907; Giordani Soika 1941, 1999; Madl 1995; Gusenleitner 2000, 2004; Selis &amp; Carpenter 2023) (Fig. 63B).</p><p>Notes. The few available specimens show a wide range of variability, both morphological and chromatic (Fig. 16). The specimens coming from the eastern part of the island do not show any white pattern (Fig. 16A) and have the metanotum protruding and with a clear transverse carina (Fig. 16B), while the more western specimens have a narrow white band on T1 (Fig. 16C) and the metanotum very little protruding, almost entirely oblique and with a very weak transverse carina (Fig. 16D). A particularly interesting form is found in the Isalo National Park, which has larger size, a strongly protruding and carinate metanotum (Fig. 16F), and tergites and sternites up to the fifth with evident white bands (Fig. 16E). Some differences in sculpture are also observed, with larger specimens generally being more densely punctate. It cannot be excluded that these forms represent two or three distinct species, but the lack of males does not allow drawing of any conclusions in this regard.</p><p>Genus Antodynerus de Saussure, 1855</p><p>Antodynerus de Saussure, 1855: 287, name for division V of subgenus Leionotus de Saussure of genus Odynerus Latreille in de Saussure (1853: 208) (6 + 3 species). Placed on Official List of Generic Names in Zoology, Opinion 893 (ICZN 1970: 187–191) (no. 1859). Type species: “ Odynerus punctum (Fabricius) ” sensu de Saussure, 1853 [= Vespa flavescens Fabricius, 1775], by subsequent designation of van der Vecht (1959: 238); confirmed by Opinion 893 (no. 2333 of Official List of Specific Names in Zoology).</p><p>Kalliepipona Giordani Soika, 1952: 81 (footnote), subgenus of Pseudepipona de Saussure. Type species: “ Odynerus radialis (de Saussure) ” [= Rhynchium radiale de Saussure, 1855], by original designation. Junior subjective synonym of Antodynerus de Saussure, 1855 according to Giordani Soika (1965: 47).</p><p>Pseudokalliepipona Giordani Soika, 1955: 366 (footnote), subgenus of Pseudepipona de Saussure. Type species: Odynerus bellatulus de Saussure, 1853, by original designation. Junior subjective synonym of Antodynerus de Saussure, 1855 according to Giordani Soika (1965: 47).</p><p>Parepipona Giordani Soika, 1957a: 477 (footnote), subgenus of Pseudepipona de Saussure. Type species: “ Odynerus radialis (de Saussure) ” [= Rhynchium radiale de Saussure, 1855], by original designation. Junior objective synonym of Kalliepipona Giordani Soika, 1952 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFC8FFDAFF0AFF7C0393C328	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC8FFD5FF0AFA8607A7C0DA.text	190A0E05FFC8FFD5FF0AFA8607A7C0DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antodynerus multicolor (de Saussure 1853)	<div><p>Antodynerus multicolor (de Saussure, 1853)</p><p>(Figs 2F, 2H, 17, 63C)</p><p>Odynerus multicolor de Saussure, 1853: 209, pl. XVIII figs 11, 11a, ♀ —“le Sénégal ” (? MNHN).</p><p>Rhynchium simonyi Kohl, 1906: 251, pl. VIII figs 6, 7, 18, ♂ —“Rhas Farták” (NHMW). Junior subjective synonym of Odynerus multicolor de Saussure, 1853 according to Giordani Soika (1937b: 338).</p><p>Odynerus rotundiscutis Cameron, 1910: 185, ♀, ♂ —“ Meru low lands, Ngare na nyuki” (NHRS). Junior subjective synonym of Odynerus multicolor de Saussure, 1853 according to Giordani Soika (1937b: 338).</p><p>Odynerus meruensis Cameron, 1910: 186, ♂ —“ Meru low lands, Ngare na nyuki” (NHRS). Junior subjective synonym of Odynerus multicolor de Saussure, 1853 according to Giordani Soika (1937b: 338).</p><p>Odynerus ueleensis Bequaert, 1918: 170, ♀, ♂ —“Vankerckhovenville” (AMNH). Junior subjective synonym of Odynerus multicolor de Saussure, 1853 according to Giordani Soika (1937b: 338).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar *: Toliara * (Fig. 63C). Burkina Faso, Congo, Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe.</p><p>Notes. This species, widely distributed in continental Africa, has never been found before in Madagascar and is known from the island only from a few specimens collected on a single occasion. It is possible that its presence in Madagascar is the result of an accidental introduction.</p><p>Genus Cyrteumenes Giordani Soika, 1991</p><p>Cyrteumenes Giordani Soika, 1991a: 79, 80, genus. Type species: Labus seyrigi Giordani Soika, 1934, by original designation.</p><p>Key to the species of Cyrteumenes</p><p>[Males are more easily identifiable based on the species-specific morphology of the aedeagus]</p><p>1. Mesosoma elongate, 1.85× as long as wide (Fig. 18A), and dorsoventrally depressed, with mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum forming an evenly flattened surface (Figs 18B, C)................................. C. deplanatus sp. nov.</p><p>- Mesosoma globular, 1.3–1.4× as long as wide (Figs 19A; 20A, B; 21A), with mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum convex and not forming an even surface (Figs 19B, 20C, 21B)........................................................ 2</p><p>2. T1 proportionally shorter, 1.6–1.9× (average 1.75×) as long as apically wide and more abruptly expanded posteriorly (Fig. 21E). T2 with deep and well-impressed punctures, interspaces about as wide as one puncture diameter (Fig. 21E)........................................................................................ C. seyrigi (Giordani Soika)</p><p>- T1 proportionally longer, 2.05–2.3× (average 2.15×; 1.9× in a single specimen of C. propodealis sp. nov.) as long as apically wide and gently expanded posteriorly (Figs 19A; 20A, B). T2 with shallow and fine punctures, interspaces equal to several puncture diameters.................................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Frons and pronotum with punctures separated by flattened interspaces as wide as puncture diameter (Fig. 19C)............................................................................................... C. laevifrons sp. nov.</p><p>- Frons and pronotum with punctures separated by ridged and very narrow interspaces, forming a reticulation............. 4</p><p>4. Dorsal faces of propodeum not meeting behind metanotum, metanotum directly in touch with the posterior depression of propodeum. Anterior pale band of pronotum very narrow and ending on humeri of pronotal carina, not reaching posteroventral margin of pronotum across humeral region (Fig. 20A).......................................... C. mochii Borsato</p><p>- Dorsal faces of propodeum meeting behind metanotum and forming a sloping and medially furrowed surface behind metanotum, which is widely separated from the posterior depression of propodeum (Fig. 20D). Anterior pale band of pronotum strongly widened laterally, running on humeral region and reaching posteroventral margin of pronotum (Figs 20B, C).............................................................................................. C. propodealis sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFC8FFD5FF0AFA8607A7C0DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC7FFD6FF0AF8C50080C42A.text	190A0E05FFC7FFD6FF0AF8C50080C42A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrteumenes deplanatus Selis 2025	<div><p>Cyrteumenes deplanatus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 18, 63D)</p><p>Diagnosis. Cyrteumenes deplanatus sp. nov. is immediately distinguished from all other species of Cyrteumenes by the elongate and dorsoventrally depressed mesosoma, with mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum forming an evenly flattened surface (Fig. 18C).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 3003723 // MADAGASCAR Fianarantsoa / Prov. Parc Nacional Ranomafana / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.426666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.26" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.426666/lat -21.26)">Bell Vue Trail</a>, tropical forest / 21°15.6'S 47°25.6'E 1000 m / M.E. Irwin and E.I. Schlinger / MEI.99-MA-7 21-XII-1999 // Cyrteumenes deplanatus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2025 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21743) . PARATYPES: Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21.2665S 47.420167E, 1020 m, 28.IV–5. V .2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046434) .</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 18B). Body length 9.0 mm; fore wing length 7.0 mm.</p><p>Head as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view as wide as long, free apical part much shorter than interocular part, apical margin very narrowly emarginate, 0.1× as wide as clypeus, small apical teeth acute and shortly carinate, lateral margins of free apical part sinuate with short lamellate expansion in basal third; clypeus in lateral view very weakly convex, more markedly in basal half. Vertex 1.75× as long as ocellocular distance, posteriorly sloping and very weakly convex in lateral view. Gena 0.9× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, gena in dorsal view weakly convex and posteriorly converging; occipital carina complete and sharp, finer on vertex and shortly lamellate on gena, strongly bent in lower half. F1 1.4× as long as wide and 1.45× as long as F2, F2 subquadrate and F3–F9 transverse, becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.85× as long as wide, elongate and slightly fusiform in dorsal view, markedly depressed dorsoventrally in lateral view, with mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum forming an evenly flattened surface smoothly passing into propodeum. Pronotum with straight and anteriorly converging sides, humeri bluntly angled in dorsal view and right-angled in anterior view; pronotal carina complete, sharply lamellate and hyaline on dorsal face, lower and blunter on lateral faces; pretegular carina absent; dorsal and lateral faces of pronotum forming an evenly curved surface, shallowly furrowed along pronotal carina on lateral faces. Mesoscutum longer than wide, with very shallow and wide notauli in front of scutellum. Scutellum subquadrate, slightly wider than long and entirely flattened, anterior margin with a small and shallow median pit; axillary fossa small and rounded, slightly smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum short and flattened, smoothly passing into scutellum and propodeum, posterior margin evenly curved. Tegula campanulate and about as long as wide, with somewhat medially bent outer margin, posterior lobe short and wide with pointed apex equaling parategula; parategula somewhat scythe-shaped, flattened laterolaterally and with sharply pointed apex. Mesepisternum elongate and very low, strongly oblique in lateral view and smoothly passing into wide and flattened mesosternum; epicnemial carina completely absent. Propodeum elongate and with an oblique surface behind metanotum, surface longer than metanotum but not sharply separated from posterior depression of propodeum, medially furrowed; dorsal faces of propodeum evenly and weakly convex, meeting in the middle to form dorsal surface; lateral faces of propodeum flattened and not clearly separated from dorsal faces; posterior face of propodeum forming a circular and deep depression, with a strong longitudinal carina at its bottom; submarginal carina of propodeum strongly developed in a wide and subtriangular lamellar lobe, apically rounded. T1 elongate pyriform, 2.35× as long as apically wide, petiolate and subquadrate in section in basal two-fifths, sub-triangularly expanded and dorsally convex in posterior three-fifths, basal stalk basally tuberculate and then longitudinally carinate in the middle; T 1 in lateral view abruptly raising at extreme base, flattened on basal stalk, convex and becoming progressively higher posteriorly on expanded part, then preapically abruptly furrowed and thickened apically. T2 longer than wide and bell-shaped, constricted basally and much wider apically than basally; apical margin of T2 with a long brownish lamella not markedly separated from rest of surface except for a series of shallow oblique punctures; T 2 in lateral view basally convex and then flattened to apex. S1 elongate bell-shaped, narrow and parallel-sided on basal stalk and then sub-triangularly expanded in posterior half; narrow basal part longitudinally carinate medially, expanded part evenly flattened. S 2 in lateral view obliquely sloping basally and then flattened, the two surfaces separated by an extremely shallow fold of the surface visible only under incident light; apical margin of S2 lamellate similar to T2, but lamella shorter and somewhat more markedly separated from rest of surface.</p><p>Frons with deep punctures separated by flattened interspaces ranging from half to one puncture diameter, punctures becoming denser near ocellar triangle; vertex with punctures similar to frons but larger; gena with sparser punctures than frons; clypeus with well impressed circular punctures, denser and deeper basally and much sparser and shallower on disc and apex. Mesosoma with larger and generally sparser punctures; anterior face of pronotum smooth except for some fine punctures near ventral margin; lateral faces of pronotum very sparsely punctate on ventral end; mesoscutum with very shiny and sparsely micropunctate interspaces, becoming wider from anterior to posterior end; scutellum similar to posterior third of mesoscutum; tegula smooth and shiny with very sparse micropunctures; mesepisternum with interspaces equal to puncture diameter on upper end and becoming much wider ventrally; dorsal faces of propodeum with deep punctures separated by very wide shiny interspaces; metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum with smaller and sparse punctures, interspaces very finely and not clearly microsculpted, with a silky shine; posterior depression of propodeum with small deep punctures arranged in irregular semicircular series. T1 with some scattered oblique and flat-bottomed punctures on basal stalk, apical expanded part with small deep punctures becoming progressively denser apically but always separated by interspaces as wide as several puncture diameters, thickened apical margin impunctate; T2 basally punctate similar to expanded part of T1, punctures becoming finer and somewhat denser on disc and apex, preapical area of T2 impunctate except for series of shallow punctures bordering the apical lamella; T3–T6 finely micropunctate, micropunctures becoming much finer and sparser from T3 to T6; S1 shiny, basal stalk with some punctures bordering the median carina, apical expanded part with few scattered fine punctures; S2 with larger and much sparser punctures than T2; S3–S6 similar to respective tergites but micropunctures much finer and sparser. Head and mesosoma with long pale-brownish erect setae and short pubescence, setae longer on frons, pronotum, scutellum and propodeum, setae on mesepisternum bent at apex, pubescence denser and silvery on clypeus, ocular sinus and sides of mesosoma; metasoma with very short, dust-like pubescence, erect setae on basal stalk of T1, apex of T5–T6 and S1–S6, setae on basal stalk of T1 and S1 much longer and finer.</p><p>Black; following parts light to dark red: mandible, large sub-pentagonal spot on clypeus, apex of scape, wide longitudinal bands along eye margins and in middle on frons, most of pronotum with darkened dorsolateral surfaces, scutellum, tegula, most of mesepisternum, expanded part of T1 and S1, irregular margins of T2, most of S2, irregular apical marking on fore femur, tibiae and tarsi; following parts ivory-yellow: clypeus except median red spot, lower face of scape, interantennal space, narrow anterior band on pronotum becoming slightly wider on humeri, narrow apical bands on T1, T2 and S2; T3–T6 and S3–S6 orange. Wings fusco-hyaline with weak brownish tinge.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Variability. The paratype shows a darker pattern, with much reduced red markings on mesosoma and metasoma.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa (Fig. 63D).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin word deplanatus (= flattened, made even), in reference to the evenly flattened dorsal surface of the mesosoma.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFC7FFD6FF0AF8C50080C42A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC4FFD0FF0AFD800122C01E.text	190A0E05FFC4FFD0FF0AFD800122C01E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrteumenes laevifrons Selis 2025	<div><p>Cyrteumenes laevifrons sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 19, 63E)</p><p>Diagnosis. Cyrteumenes laevifrons sp. nov. belongs to the group of species with globular mesosoma, elongate T1 and sparsely punctate metasoma together with C. mochii Borsato and C. propodealis sp. nov., from which it is readily distinguished by the sparsely punctate frons with flattened interspaces as wide as puncture diameter (Fig. 19C).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled“ CASENT /2046456 // MADAGASCAR:Prov./ Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.452168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.2485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.452168/lat -21.2485)">Ranomafana</a> / JIRAMA water works, 690m / 21°14.91'S 47°27.13'E / 10–14 Jan 2002, R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 011159 / malaise near river / MA-02-09D-11 // Cyrteumenes laevifrons / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2025 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21744) . PARATYPES: District de Fanovana, Forets humides, IX–X.1938, leg. C. Lamberton, 1♀ (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC00418849) ; Fianarantsoa, Parc Nacional Ranomafana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.426666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.26" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.426666/lat -21.26)">Bell Vue Trail</a>, 21.2600S 47.426667E, 1000 m, 21.XII.1999, leg. M.E. Irwin &amp; E.I. Schlinger, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT3003727) ; Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.2665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420166/lat -21.2665)">Talatakely</a>, 21.2665S 47.420167E, 1020 m, 22–28.XI.2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (MSVI, code CASENT2046468) ; Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.369835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.226168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.369835/lat -21.226168)">Vohiparara</a>, 21.226167S 47.369833E, 1110 m, 15–25.VII.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2053890) .</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Fig. 19B). Body length 7.0 mm; fore wing length 6.5 mm.</p><p>Head 1.25× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.25× as wide as long, free apical part much shorter than interocular part, apical margin very narrowly emarginate, 0.2× as wide as clypeus, small apical teeth short and wide with bluntly pointed apex, lateral margins of free apical part shortly lamellate in basal half; clypeus in lateral view very weakly convex. Vertex 1.4× as long as ocellocular distance, flattened and weakly sloping posteriorly. Gena 0.6× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, gena in dorsal view shallowly bulging behind eye and then strongly converging posteriorly; occipital carina complete, fine and sharp, strongly bent in lower half. F1 1.5× as long as wide and 1.1× as long as F2, F2–F4 longer than wide and becoming progressively shorter, F5–F8 wider than long, F9 longer than wide, F11 long and thin with sharply pointed apex, needle-like, very weakly curved basally; F9 with tyloid as a subtriangular and shiny flattened area on which F11 lies at rest. Mesosoma 1.4× as long as wide, more or less globular and dorsally convex in lateral view. Pronotum with nearly straight and anteriorly converging sides, humeri right-angled and pointed in dorsal view and bluntly angled in anterior view; pronotal carina complete, very shortly lamellate and hyaline on dorsal face, very fine and almost evanescent below humeri, blunter on lateral faces; pretegular carina absent; dorsal and lateral faces of pronotum forming a smoothly rounded surface. Mesoscutum with extremely shallow indications of notauli at anterior and posterior ends. Scutellum wider than long, convex and somewhat medially bulging in lateral view, anterior margin narrowly furrowed and shallowly depressed medially; axillary fossa small and rounded, slightly smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum strongly sloping, nearly vertical, weakly convex and shallowly bulging centrally. Tegula weakly campanulate and about as long as wide, with outer margin weakly bent in anterior half, posterior lobe short and wide with pointed apex equaling parategula; parategula scythe-shaped, flattened laterolaterally and with sharply pointed apex. Mesepisternum evenly convex and with barely developed sulci; epicnemial carina completely absent. Propodeum short and strongly sloping, strongly and evenly convex in lateral view; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly sloping and convex, narrowly meeting medially but without forming a distinct surface behind metanotum, separated by a median longitudinal furrow; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, separated from dorsal faces only by a very short and shallow folding of the cuticle; posterior face of propodeum forming a semi-elliptical depression, bearing a median crenate furrow and a short strong carina at its bottom; submarginal carina of propodeum strongly developed in a wide and subtriangular lamellar lobe, widely rounded at apex. T1 elongate pyriform, 2.15× as long as apically wide, with a very short basal stalk and then sub-triangularly expanded with convex sides, basal stalk transversely tuberculate in the middle; T 1 in lateral view sub-triangularly raised on basal stalk, then evenly convex except for shallow subapical depression. T2 slightly longer than wide and bell-shaped, constricted basally and much wider apically than basally, sides convex; apical margin of T2 with a long brownish lamella very shallowly separated from rest of surface by a series of shallow oblique punctures. S1 elongate bell-shaped, with a very narrow and apically constricted basal stalk and a sub-triangularly expanded posterior part with shallowly tuberculate posterior angles. S 2 in lateral view obliquely sloping basally and then very shallowly depressed, the two surfaces separated by a shallow fold of the surface; apical margin of S2 lamellate similar to T2, but lamella slightly shorter. S7 flattened with evenly rounded apex.</p><p>Frons with deep punctures separated by flattened interspaces mostly as wide as one puncture diameter, punctures becoming sparser on vertex; gena with scattered smaller punctures, interspaces as wide as several puncture diameters; clypeus sparsely micropunctate, with few scattered punctures that are deeper and more evident on disc. Mesosoma punctate similar to vertex, but punctures deeper and slightly larger, most interspaces wider than puncture diameter, strongly shiny; anterior face of pronotum with few punctures on extreme sides; scutellum with few scattered punctures; metanotum with a band of small deep punctures in anterior half; tegula smooth and shiny with very sparse micropunctures; sides of mesosoma shinier than dorsal face, dorsal plate of metaepisternum strongly striate, ventral plate of metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum with sparse series of small deep punctures separated by very shiny and smooth interspaces; dorsal faces of propodeum densely micropunctate anterolaterally and becoming smooth medially, with few scattered deep punctures; posterior depression of propodeum with few fine punctures. T1 with some small but coarse punctures on basal stalk, apical expanded part sparsely micropunctate with very sparse small punctures separated by interspaces as wide as several puncture diameters, thickened apical margin impunctate; T2 densely micropunctate, punctures oblique and very shallow, weakly visible, much sparser basally and progressively becoming denser apically, preapical area of T2 impunctate except for a series of small punctures bordering the apical lamella; T3–T7 micropunctate, with micropunctures becoming progressively finer and sparser, T3 with a preapical series of shallow punctures in the middle; S1 strongly shiny, apical expanded part with sparse deep punctures; S2 similar to T2 but punctures sparser and slightly more evident; S3–S6 similar to respective tergites but micropunctures slightly more impressed; S7 shagreened and sparsely micropunctate. Head and mesosoma with dense and short brownish pubescence; frons, clypeus, pronotum, metanotum, mesepisternum and propodeum with sparse longer erect setae, those on mesepisternum apically bent; clypeus with dense and long silvery pubescence; metasoma with very short pubescence, becoming progressively longer and denser from S3 to S7, basal stalk of T1 with sparse long setae.</p><p>Bright to dark red;following parts black:inner margin of mandible,posterior margin of pronotum,metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum, posterior depression of propodeum, basal third of T1 and S1, coxae and most of femora; following parts ivory: clypeus except apical margin and central spot, interantennal space, anterior band on pronotum widening laterally and reaching posteroventral margin on humeral region, wide median band on scutellum, narrow apical margin of T1, T2 and S2; T3–T7 and S3–S7 ferruginous-orange. Wings fusco-hyaline with brown tinge becoming stronger on costal margin.</p><p>Female. Differing from the male as follows: free apical part of clypeus almost as long as interocular part, medially projecting in a narrow and weakly emarginate apical margin; T1 more elongate and with proportionally longer basal stalk; clypeus with a red longitudinal band running from basal to apical margin.</p><p>Variability. The male paratype from Vohiparara (CASENT2053890) has a rounded yellowish spot at the bottom of the ocular sinus. The male paratype from Belle Vue at Talatakely (CASENT2046468) has a generally darker pattern with more extended black parts and a more extended median marking on clypeus, starting from the basal margin and apically connected to a red band along the apical margin of the clypeus, dividing the ivory clypeal pattern in two lateral bands. The male paratype from Belle Vue Trail (CASENT3003727) and the female paratype from Fanovana (AMNH_IZC00418849) have a much more extensive and brighter red background color and the pale markings are yellow instead of ivory. The four available males show some morphological variation in length and thickness of F11, convexity of scutellum, length of the basal stalk of T1, thickness of apical part of aedeagus and sharpness of ventral lobes of aedeagus; the different development of the above-mentioned characters occurs randomly in the various specimens and is in line with the variability observed in other species of Cyrteumenes, for which reason the four specimens are considered here as conspecific.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa, Toamasina (Fig. 63E).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is a combination of the Latin words laevis (= smooth) and frons (= forehead), in reference to the sparsely punctate frons of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFC4FFD0FF0AFD800122C01E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC2FFD2FF0AF99400E1C79E.text	190A0E05FFC2FFD2FF0AF99400E1C79E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrteumenes mochii Borsato. G 1999	<div><p>Cyrteumenes mochii Borsato, 1999</p><p>(Figs 20A, 63F)</p><p>Cyrteumenes mochii Borsato, 1999: 108, figs 1–4, ♂, ♀ —“ Madagascar: Ambatofitorahana, 33 km S. Ambosiotra, 20°46'S 47°11'E " (holotype male MRSN?).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo *, Fianarantsoa (Borsato 1999) (Fig. 63F).</p><p>Notes. Borsato (1999) described Cyrteumenes mochii based on a pair from Ambositra, mainly comparing it with C. seyrigi and secondarily with C. floricola . The Malagasy material collected by A. Mochi on which Borsato based his note is reported as preserved in MRSN and the museum’s loan records also report the material as having been returned in 1997, however none of the specimens were found during a recent search in the Hymenoptera collections (M. Ruzzon, personal communication), making the circumstances of the said material unknown. Given this premise, it was not possible to study the typical series of Cyrteumenes mochii, however, comparison of its description with the available material of Cyrteumenes has allowed association of this name with certainty to a single morphospecies, without the possibility of confusion with the others.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFC2FFD2FF0AF99400E1C79E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC0FFCCFF0AFE140004C7C6.text	190A0E05FFC0FFCCFF0AFE140004C7C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrteumenes propodealis Selis 2025	<div><p>Cyrteumenes propodealis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 20B–D, 63G)</p><p>Diagnosis. Cyrteumenes propodealis sp. nov. belongs to the group of species with globular mesosoma, elongate T1 and sparsely punctate metasoma, where it comes close to C. mochii Borsato due to the densely punctate frons with narrow ridged interspaces. Cyrteumenes propodealis sp. nov. is readily distinguished by the dorsal faces of the propodeum that meet medially forming a sloping surface that separates the metanotum from the posterior depression of propodeum (Fig. 20D), and the pale band on pronotum that is strongly widened on humeri and fills the whole humeral region (Figs 20B, C).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2046337 // MADAGASCAR: Prov. / Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.369835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.226166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.369835/lat -21.226166)">Vohiparara</a>, at broken bridge / 1110m, 21–28 Jan 2002 / 21°13.57'S 47°22.19'E / R. Harin’Hala col. // CASLOT 011136 / malaise in high alt. rain / forest AM-02-09A-13 // Cyrteumenes propodealis / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2025 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21745) . PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 14–21.I.2002, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2053888); same locality as holotype, 15–25.VII.2002, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2053889); Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.426666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.26" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.426666/lat -21.26)">Parc National Ranomafana</a>, radio tower at forest edge, 21.250833S 47.407167E, 1130 m, 22–28.XI.2001, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♂ (CAS, codes CASENT2177617, CASENT2177643); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, radio tower at forest edge, 21.250833S 47.407167E, 1130 m, 4–12.II.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (MSVI, code CASENT2046459); Fianarantsoa, Parc National Ranomafana, radio tower at forest edge, 21.250833S 47.407167E, 1130 m, 23.VIII–7.IX.2006, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8105901); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21.2665S 47.420167E, 1020 m, 22–28.XI.2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046467); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21.2665S 47.420167E, 1020 m, 14–24.VII.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2153826); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21.2665S 47.420167E, 1020 m, 16–26.II.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2046446); Fianarantsoa, Parc Nacional Ranomafana, Bell Vue Trail, 21.26S 47.426667E, 1000 m, 21.XII.1999, leg. M.E. Irwin &amp; E.I. Schlinger, 3♂ (CAS, codes CASENT3003725, CASENT3003726; MSVI, code CASENT3003724); Toamagina, Parc Nacional Andasibe (Perinet), 19 km E Moramanga, 1000 m, 24.XII.1999, leg. E.I. Schlinger, M.E. Irwin &amp; H.G. Rasolondalao, 1♂ (CAS; code CASENT3003735) .</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Fig. 20C). Body length 6.5 mm; fore wing length 6.0 mm.</p><p>Head 1.3× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1× as wide as long, free apical part much shorter than interocular part, apical margin narrowly emarginate and 0.2× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth short and subtriangular with bluntly pointed apex, lateral margins of free apical part shortly lamellate in basal half; clypeus in lateral view very weakly convex. Vertex 1.45× as long as ocellocular distance, very weakly convex and sloping posteriorly. Gena 0.7× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, gena in dorsal view shallowly bulging behind eye and then strongly converging posteriorly; occipital carina complete, fine and sharp, strongly bent in lower half. F1 1.8× as long as wide and 1.25× as long as F2, F2–F4 longer than wide and becoming progressively shorter, F5–F8 wider than long, F9 longer than wide, F11 long and thin, straight and needle-like, apex sharply pointed and barely exceeding middle of F9; F9 with tyloid as a subtriangular and shiny flattened area on which F11 lies at rest. Mesosoma 1.3× as long as wide, more or less globular and dorsally convex in lateral view. Pronotum with nearly straight and anteriorly converging sides, humeri obtuse in dorsal view and bluntly bent in anterior view; pronotal carina complete, very shortly lamellate on dorsal face and becoming higher from middle to humeri, very fine and almost evanescent below humeri, blunter on lateral faces; pretegular carina absent; lateral faces of propodeum shallowly depressed and bluntly separated from dorsal face. Scutellum wider than long, convex and with a shallow transverse bulge in the middle, anterior margin narrowly furrowed and with a shallow depression in the middle; axillary fossa small and rounded, slightly smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum nearly vertical, flattened except for a shallow median bulge on anterior margin. Tegula weakly campanulate and about as long as wide, with outer margin weakly bent in anterior half, posterior lobe short and wide with bluntly pointed apex equaling parategula; parategula scythe-shaped, flattened laterolaterally and with sharply pointed apex. Mesepisternum evenly convex with shallow but distinct sulci; epicnemial carina completely absent. Propodeum short and nearly vertical, in lateral view with a basal sloping part and then vertically falling; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly sloping and convex, broadly meeting medially and forming a sloping and medially furrowed surface behind metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, not distinctly separated from dorsal faces; posterior face of propodeum forming a semi-elliptical and deep depression, bearing a median carina at bottom; submarginal carina of propodeum strongly developed in a large subtriangular and narrowly rounded apex. T1 elongate pyriform, 1.9× as long as apically wide, basal fourth forming a short stalk with diverging sides smoothly passing into the apical expanded part, basal stalk transversely carinate dorsally; T 1 in lateral view abruptly raised and tuberculate on basal stalk, then evenly and strongly convex except for shallow preapical furrow and thickened apical margin. T2 about as long as wide, constricted basally and much wider apically than basally, sides strongly convex; apical margin of T2 with a brownish translucent lamella very shallowly separated from rest of surface by a series of small dense punctures. S1 elongate bell-shaped, with a very narrow and apically constricted basal stalk and a sub-triangularly expanded posterior part with shallowly tuberculate posterior angles. S 2 in lateral view obliquely sloping and flattened basally and then horizontal and weakly convex, the two surfaces bluntly and very weakly separated by a shallow fold of the surface; apical margin of S2 lamellate similar to T2, but lamella slightly shorter and more markedly separated from sternite. S7 flattened with evenly rounded apex.</p><p>Frons with deep punctures separated by raised interspaces mostly narrower than half puncture diameter, punctures becoming slightly sparser on vertex; gena with punctures separated by interspaces exceeding one puncture diameter; clypeus micropunctate and matte, with macropunctures deep and denser (interspaces about equal to puncture diameter) basally and becoming shallower and sparser apically. Mesosoma punctate similar to frons but punctures larger; pronotum with punctures arranged in longitudinal series, interspaces very narrow and sparsely micropunctate; anterior face of pronotum with few punctures on extreme sides; mesoscutum with punctures denser anterolaterally and becoming sparser posteromedially, with interspaces reaching one puncture diameter posteriorly; scutellum more sparsely punctate than mesoscutum, except for a band of denser punctures posteriorly; metanotum with small deep punctures separated by about their diameter; tegula densely micropunctate and very finely microstriate, weakly shiny; mesepisternum punctate similar to posterior half of mesoscutum, punctures becoming sparser ventrally; lateral faces of propodeum with small deep punctures posterodorsally, rest of surface mostly impunctate and very shallowly microstriate; dorsal faces of propodeum densely micropunctate laterally and becoming smooth and shinier medially, with sparse deep macropunctures becoming denser laterally; posterior depression of propodeum transversely striate medially, laterally smooth with sparse deep punctures. T1 with some small but coarse punctures on basal stalk, apical expanded part sparsely micropunctate with small punctures separated by interspaces reaching up to three puncture diameters in width, thickened apical margin impunctate; T2 densely micropunctate, punctures oblique and small, much sparser basally and progressively becoming denser apically, interspaces always wider than puncture diameter, preapical area of T2 impunctate except for a series of small punctures bordering the apical lamella; T3–T7 micropunctate, with micropunctures becoming progressively finer and sparser, T3 with a sparse preapical series of shallow punctures in the middle; S1 strongly shiny, apical expanded part with sparse deep punctures; S2 similar to T2 but punctures much sparser and slightly deeper; S3–S6 similar to respective tergites but micropunctures slightly more impressed; S7 shagreened and sparsely micropunctate. Head and mesosoma with dense and short brownish pubescence; frons, clypeus, pronotum, metanotum, mesepisternum and propodeum with sparse long erect setae, partly apically bent; clypeus with dense silvery pubescence; metasoma with very short pubescence, becoming progressively longer and denser from S3 to S7, basal stalk of T1 with sparse long setae.</p><p>Black; following parts red to dark-red: head except inner margin of mandible and irregular markings on frons, most of scape, pronotum, irregular markings on mesoscutum, scutellum except posterior margin, most of metanotum, tegula, most of mesepisternum, most of dorsal faces of propodeum, tibiae and tarsi, apical expanded part of T1 and S1, sides and apex of T2, S2 except suffused basal spots; following parts ivory: interantennal space, anterior band on pronotum widening laterally and reaching posteroventral margin on humeral region, narrow and medially interrupted band on scutellum, narrow apical margin of T1, T2 and S2; T3–T7 and S3–S7 ferruginous-orange. Wings fusco-hyaline with brown tinge becoming stronger on costal margin.</p><p>Female. Differing from the male as follows: free apical part of clypeus almost as long as interocular part, medially projecting in a narrow and barely emarginate apical margin; T1 more elongate and with proportionally longer basal stalk; clypeus with a longitudinal and medially widened red band and lateral arcuated yellowish lines.</p><p>Variability. The examined male paratypes show the following variation in pattern: clypeus entirely red or with a variable apical band, pale bands on pronotum and scutellum broader, mesepisternum with a small pale spot at upper end, pale markings ivory to bright yellow. The length and thickness of T1 is highly variable, ranging from 1.9 to 2.2× as long as apically wide.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa, Toamasina (Fig. 63G).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet refers to the more dorsally swollen propodeum that distinguishes this species from the similar Cyrteumenes mochii .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFC0FFCCFF0AFE140004C7C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFDEFFC9FF0AFDD207A7C456.text	190A0E05FFDEFFC9FF0AFDD207A7C456.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrteumenes seyrigi (Giordani Soika 1934)	<div><p>Cyrteumenes seyrigi (Giordani Soika, 1934)</p><p>(Figs 21, 63H)</p><p>Labus seyrigi Giordani Soika, 1934b: 215, ♂ —“ Madagascar: Rogez ” (male neotype [here designated] MSNVE).</p><p>Type material examined. NEOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ COLL. MUS. CONGO / Madagascar: Rogez /// III-1944 / A. Seyrig // Labus seyrigi / Giordani Soika, 1934 / NEOTYPUS ♂ / Marco Selis des. 2025 [red label] // Cyrteumenes seyrigi / (Giordani Soika, 1934) / Det. Marco Selis 2025” (MSNVE).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toamasina (Giordani Soika 1934b, 1973, 1991a; Madl 1995) (Fig. 63H).</p><p>Notes. Giordani Soika (1934b) described Labus seyrigi based on two males collected by A. Seyrig in Rogez, reporting the holotype to be in his own collection, now housed in MSNVE (Dal Pos et al. 2022), and the paratype in MNHN. However, the search in both collections did not lead to any results and the types are therefore to be considered lost, as is the case for numerous Malagasy species described by Giordani Soika during the period 1934– 1941 (Dal Pos et al. 2022: 9). A pair of this species is preserved in the Giordani Soika collection in MSNVE (erroneously reported as two females by Dal Pos et al. 2022), with the male from the type locality and the female carrying an identification label reading “ seyrigi ” handwritten by Giordani Soika. Given the difficulties in delimiting the species of Cyrteumenes, the male specimen (Figs 21B, C), coming from the type locality and largely coinciding with the original description except for the entirely yellow clypeus (Fig. 21D), is designated as the neotype to ensure a reference standard for this species (Figs 21B–E).</p><p>The convexity of the scutellum, reported as diagnostic by Giordani Soika (1934b) and then illustrated by Borsato (1999) proved to be highly variable both in Cyrteumenes seyrigi and in other species of the genus, ranging from flat to convex in specimens otherwise identical in external morphology and male genitalia.</p><p>Genus Cyrtolabulus van der Vecht, 1969</p><p>Cyrtolabulus van der Vecht, 1969: 1, replacement name for Cyrtolabus van der Vecht, 1963, non Voss, 1925. Type species: Cyrtolabus suavis van der Vecht, 1963, by original designation as type species of Cyrtolabus van der Vecht.</p><p>Cyrtolabus van der Vecht, 1963: 11, genus. Junior homonym of Cyrtolabus Voss, 1925 ( Coleoptera). Type species: Cyrtolabus suavis van der Vecht, 1963, by original designation.</p><p>Key to the Malagasy species of Cyrtolabulus</p><p>[Modified from Selis (2024)]</p><p>1. S2 longer than T2 when seen in profile (Figs 25C, 29B, 30C); apical margin of T3 broadly rounded, medially expanded in a lamellar lobe (Figs 25C, 29B, 30C)....................................................................... 2</p><p>- S2 as long as T2 when seen in profile (Figs 23B, 24B, 26B, 27B, 31B); apical margin of T3 straight, not medially expanded (Figs 23B, 24B, 26B, 27B, 31B)......................................................................... 5</p><p>2. Pronotal carina almost entirely absent, barely visible on humeri only. Tegula small and not expanded posteriorly, maximum width in anterior third (Fig. 25D); parategula broad and subtriangular (Fig. 25D). Propodeum entirely vertical, without a dorsal horizontal face (Fig. 25C). T 1 in lateral view evenly and strongly convex above, much higher in the middle than at base and apex (Fig. 25C); T2 with V-shaped depression on disc; apical lamella of T2 and T3 preceded by a preapical bulge, stronger on T2 (Fig. 25C)........................................................................................ 3</p><p>- Pronotal carina more developed, at least on lateral thirds of pronotal margin. Tegula large and broadly expanded posteriorly, maximum width in posterior half (Fig. 30C); parategula narrow and digitiform. Propodeum bulging dorsally, with a short dorsal horizontal face (Figs 29B, 30C). T 1 in lateral view abruptly expanded basally, then of regular height for most of its length (Fig. 29B); T2 not depressed on disc; only apical lamella of T2 preceded by a shallow preapical bulge (Figs 29B, 30C)......... 4</p><p>3. Parategula beak-shaped, with produced apex and concave posterior margin. T1 longer, 1.7× (♂) or 1.9–1.95× (♀) as long as apically wide, and more coarsely and densely punctate (Fig. 25A). T2 about as wide as long, evenly punctate from base to apex. Pubescence generally sparser and darker, not covering the underlying surface. Male: F11 longer and spiniform, reaching base of F9 (Fig. 25A). Female: clypeus with dense deep punctures, apical margin deeply emarginate with pointed apical teeth (Fig. 25A).............................................................................. C. madli Gusenleitner</p><p>- Parategula forming a quarter of circle, with right-angled apex and straight posterior margin (Fig. 25D). T1 shorter, 1.35× (♂) to 1.45–1.55× (♀) as long as apically wide, and more finely and sparsely punctate (Fig. 25B). T2 wider than long, basal sloping part much more finely and sparsely punctate than disc. Pubescence generally denser and brighter, on gena and sides of mesosoma strongly silvery and covering the underlying surface (Fig. 25C). Male: F11 shorter and conical, reaching middle of F9 (Fig. 25B). Female: clypeus with sparse shallow punctures, apical margin shallowly emarginate with obtuse apical teeth (Fig. 25B)............................................................................. C. nivosus sp. nov.</p><p>4. Sculpture of head and mesosoma sparser and shallower; clypeus almost impunctate, with very fine sparse punctures (Fig. 29A); tegulae micropunctate with few barely visible punctures; dorsolateral faces of propodeum with interspaces mostly flattened and distinct. Occipital carina weak, fine on vertex. Transverse carina of metanotum blunt. Apical lamella of T3 preceded by a series of deep and well-marked punctures.................................................. C. rhombicus Gusenleitner</p><p>- Sculpture of head and mesosoma denser and coarser; clypeus coarsely and densely punctured; tegulae with large deep punctures (Fig. 30C); dorsolateral faces of propodeum with interspaces reduced to irregular ridges. Occipital carina strong, well developed on vertex. Transverse carina of metanotum sharp (Fig. 30C). Apical lamella of T3 preceded by a series of shallow and not marked punctures............................................................ C. suboscurus (Giordani Soika)</p><p>5. Propodeum dorsally developed behind metanotum, forming on mid-line a horizontal surface at least as long as metanotum (Figs 23D, E; 31D, E)...................................................................................... 6</p><p>- Propodeum not developed behind metanotum, entirely sloping and evenly convex (Fig. 27D); if dorsal faces form horizontal surfaces, these do not meet in the middle and the mid-line of propodeum slopes directly from the posterior margin of metanotum......................................................................................... 10</p><p>6. Horizontal face of propodeum posteriorly margined, angularly separated from posterior face (Figs 23D, E); submarginal carina completely fused to strongly developed inferior carina, with a short and wide projection above valvula (Fig. 23E)......... 7</p><p>- Horizontal face of propodeum not margined posteriorly, transition to posterior face rounded (Figs 31D, E); inferior carina not developed and submarginal carina developed in a long and pointed projection above valvula (Fig. 31E)................. 8</p><p>7. Basal part of clypeus with raised median part laterally margined by sharp ridges (Fig. 30A). T1 with basal transverse carina angled in the middle. Apical lamella of T2 not pigmented and not preceded by a thickening of the tergite. Larger (body length 7.0 mm) black species with few narrow yellow markings (Fig. 30A)................................ C. scrobalis Selis</p><p>- Basal part of clypeus with raised median part not margined by sharp ridges (Fig. 30C). T1 not carinate basally. Apical lamella of T2 almost entirely pigmented with yellow and preceded by a shallow thickening of the tergite (Fig. 30F). Smaller (body length 5.5–6.0 mm) half black and half orange-red species (Figs 30A, B)............................... C. emirufus sp. nov.</p><p>8. Tegula posteriorly enlarged and strongly exceeding parategula, reaching its maximum width in posterior third; outer margin of tegula anteriorly emarginate and then broadly rounded posteriorly, giving a campanulate appearance (Fig. 31C). T2 wider than long, coarsely and densely micropunctate with scattered fine macropunctures not much larger than micropunctures (Fig. 31F).................................................................................... C. tegularis sp. nov.</p><p>- Tegula not enlarged and weakly exceeding parategula, reaching its maximum width around middle; outer margin of tegula evenly rounded, nearly circular. T2 as wide as long or longer, finely micropunctate with coarse macropunctures distinctly larger than micropunctures (not so evidently in southwestern pale form of C. parvulus, Fig. 28C)........................... 9</p><p>9. Gena in dorsal view sinuate in front of posterior margin; occipital carina higher and lamellate on most of gena. Pronotal carina weaker on humeri, not pointing forward (Fig. 22). Punctures of head and mesosoma denser, interspaces much narrower than puncture diameter; T3 with similar punctures on whole surface. Female: clypeus ferruginous, punctures on disc of basal half coarse and dense, interspaces narrower than puncture diameter; legs entirely brownish-red (Fig. 22)................................................................................................ C. bekilyensis (Giordani Soika)</p><p>- Gena in dorsal view evenly convex; occipital carina lower and not lamellate on gena. Pronotal carina sharp on humeri, pointing forward (Fig. 28A). Punctures of head and mesosoma sparser, interspaces about half as long as puncture diameter; T3 with a group of coarser punctures in the middle. Female: clypeus red with yellow basal margin to entirely yellow, punctures on disc of basal half small and sparse, interspaces wider than puncture diameter; legs reddish with pale yellow lines on outer face tibiae (Figs 28A, B)........................................................................... C. parvulus Selis</p><p>10. Mesosoma elongate, subcylindrical, 1.7× as long as wide (Fig. 26A). Pronotal carina complete and sharp in the female (Fig. 26E), nearly disappearing medially in the male (Fig. 26D). Posterior lobe of tegula subtriangular and acute; outer margin of tegula angled around middle and posteriorly not exceeding parategula; parategula large, broad and subtriangular (Fig. 26C). S1 subtriangular with sides diverging from base to apex. Apical lamella of T2 long and translucent, with pigmented large digitations basally (Fig. 26F)............................................................ C. oblongus sp. nov.</p><p>- Mesosoma not so elongate and not subcylindrical, 1.4–1.5× as long as wide (Figs 24A, 27A, 30B). Pronotal carina missing at least in the median third (Fig. 27C). Posterior lobe of tegula broadly rounded with right-angled to obtuse apex; outer margin of tegula evenly rounded, nearly circular, and posteriorly exceeding parategula; parategula small, narrow and digitiform. S1 bell-shaped, subtriangular in apical half and then abruptly narrowed basally. Apical lamella of T2 short and widely pigmented (Fig. 27E), if not pigmented ( C. sollicitus), then without distinct basal digitations...................................... 11</p><p>11. Head and mesosoma more sparsely punctured, interspaces about as long as half puncture diameter. Pronotum with a distinct separation between dorsal and anterior faces, pronotal carina developed on lateral thirds; anterior face of pronotum with sparse punctures medially, leaving a large median impunctate area. Propodeum with punctures separated by distinct interspaces. T1 shorter and wider, about 1.4× as long as apically wide (Fig. 24A). Almost entirely red species with yellow markings (Figs 24A, B; 24E)............................................................................... C. flavorufus Selis</p><p>- Head and mesosoma more densely punctured, interspaces matte and mostly reduced to narrow ridges. Pronotum without a distinct separation between dorsal and anterior faces, pronotal carina developed on lateral fifths only; anterior face of pronotum with coarse and dense punctures on whole surface. Propodeum with flat-bottomed polygonal cells separated by interspaces reduced to sharp reticulation. T1 longer and narrower, at least 1.8× as long as apically wide (Figs 27A, 30B). Black species with few dark-red and/or pale-yellow markings (Figs 27A, B; 30B)................................................. 12</p><p>12. Pronotal carina obtusely angled on humeri, blunt and not projecting. Dorsal faces of propodeum forming an evenly flattened surface above apical depression.Apical lamella of T2 translucent-ferruginous, not pigmented as preapical thickening of tergite. Black with dark-red pronotum, scutellum and metanotum, and whitish narrow line along anterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 30B). Male: F11 claw-shaped, convex and robust (Fig. 30B); mid femur largely flattened on anterior face of basal third, forming a distinct ridge along ventral margin............................................... C. sollicitus (Giordani Soika)</p><p>- Pronotal carina acutely angled on humeri, forming a subconical sharp projection (Fig. 27C). Dorsal faces of propodeum slightly convex above apical depression (Fig. 27D), medially separated by a shallow longitudinal depression. Apical lamella of T2 almost entirely pigmented white as preapical thickening of tergite, with only a very narrow hyaline margin (Fig. 27E). Black without dark-red areas on mesosoma, and with broader orangish-yellow band on anterior margin of pronotum (Figs 27A, B). Male: F11 digitiform, straight and thin (Fig. 27A); mid femur with a very small shallow depression basally, not reaching onefifth of the length of the femur (Fig. 27F).................................................. C. obscurior sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFDEFFC9FF0AFDD207A7C456	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFDBFFC9FF0AFD5C0754C5DF.text	190A0E05FFDBFFC9FF0AFD5C0754C5DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtolabulus bekilyensis (Giordani Soika 1941)	<div><p>Cyrtolabulus bekilyensis (Giordani Soika, 1941)</p><p>(Figs 22, 63I)</p><p>Labus bekilyensis Giordani Soika, 1941: 185, ♀ —“ Madagascar: Bekily ” (female neotype AMNH).</p><p>Type material examined. NEOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ Bekily / II-37 // PARATYPUS / Cyrtolabulus / sollicitus // [QR code] / AMNG _ IZC 00418850 // Labus bekilyensis / Giordani Soika, 1941 / NEOTYPE / Des. Marco Selis 2023” (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC00418850).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Giordani Soika 1941; Gusenleitner 2004, 2005; Selis 2024) (Fig. 63I).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFDBFFC9FF0AFD5C0754C5DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFDBFFCAFF0AF9000708C302.text	190A0E05FFDBFFCAFF0AF9000708C302.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtolabulus emirufus Selis 2025	<div><p>Cyrtolabulus emirufus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 23, 63J)</p><p>Diagnosis. Cyrtolabulus emirufus sp. nov. belongs to the group of Malagasy species with T2 and S2 of equal length and with propodeum forming a horizontal surface behind metanotum. Within this group, the sharply margined horizontal surface of propodeum (Fig. 23D) and the strongly developed inferior carina of propodeum fused with submarginal carina (Fig. 23E) place C. emirufus sp. nov. close to C. scrobalis Selis. The new species is readily distinguished by the bluntly margined basal part of clypeus (Fig. 23C), the absence of a basal carina on T1, and the almost entirely pigmented lamella of T2 preceded by a shallow thickening of the tergite (Fig. 23F). The black and orange-red pattern (Figs 23A, B) immediately distinguishes C. emirufus sp. nov. from all other Malagasy species of Cyrtolabulus .</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2046279 // MADAGASCAR: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.613335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.451167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.613335/lat -15.451167)">Majunga</a> / Ambovomamy Belambo / 20 km NW of Port Berger / 3–10 March 2007 / 15°27.07'S, 47°36.80'E / California Acad of Sciences // coll: R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin, / F. Parker, malaise second- / ary growth on white sand / elev 33 m MG-33- 11 // Cyrtolabulus emirufus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21746) . PARATYPES: Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.81333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.319332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.81333/lat -16.319332)">Maevatanana</a> on RN 04, 16.319333S 46.813333E, 43 m, 17– 24.VIII.2003, leg. R . Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153755) .</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 23B). Body length 6.0 mm; fore wing length 4.0 mm.</p><p>Head 1.2× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.2× as wide as long, free apical part about as long as interocular part, apical margin shallowly emarginate and narrow, 0.17× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth obtuse and short; clypeus in lateral view bulging in basal half, then shallowly depressed apically; basal part of clypeus abruptly raised in median three-fifths and laterally margined by blunt ridges delimiting flattened surfaces on which the scape is housed at rest. Vertex 1.45× as long as ocellocular distance, flattened and evenly sloping, so that occipital carina is placed below the upper limit of eye. Gena 0.7× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, with a strong and irregular median carina running parallel to the outer eye margin, area posterior of carina depressed and strongly crenate, gena in dorsal view strongly sinuate and acutely produced at mid-length; occipital carina complete, shallower and sharper on vertex, becoming much higher and blunter on gena, bisinuate on gena. F1 1.05× as long as wide and 1.1× as long as F2, F2 subquadrate and F3–F9 transverse, becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.6× as long as wide, elongate. Pronotum with straight and subparallel sides, humeri forming short laterally produced points; pronotal carina weakly developed only on lateral fifths of dorsal face, completely absent medially and interrupted below humeri, strong but blunt on lateral faces; pretegular carina present and complete, even if narrow and blunt; dorsal faces of pronotum smoothly passing medially into oblique anterior face, laterally clearly separated from lateral faces but without humeral carina. Mesoscutum longer than wide, with shallow notauli in front of scutellum. Scutellum wider than long, flattened on disc but depressed along posterior margin, anterior margin crenate; axillary fossa small and rounded, smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum short and weakly sloping, with a sharp transverse carina adjacent to the anterior margin and not delimiting a distinct anterior face, carina laterally raised in obtuse and apically rounded lobes. Tegula large and about as long as wide with strongly rounded outer margin, nearly circular, posterior lobe broadly rounded and widely exceeding parategula, its apex right-angled and touching apex of parategula; parategula strongly curved and latero-laterally compressed with concave inner face, appearing scythe-shaped with pointed apex in dorsal view. Mesepisternum with a short stretch of strong but blunt epicnemial carina below pleural suture, posteriorly with a short and sharp vertical carina originating from the produced apex of the epimeron. Propodeum elongate and with a propodeal shelf behind metanotum, shelf longer than metanotum but shorter than scutellum, in lateral view forming a flattened surface; dorsal faces of propodeum somewhat flattened and sloping mediolaterally; lateral faces of propodeum flattened and separated from dorsal faces, but lateral carinae very weak and visible for a short median stretch only; posterior face of propodeum forming a large and deep depression, subtrapezoidal in posterior view, ventromedially with a deep circular pit, posterior face dorsolaterally margined by an irregular lamellate carina that is reduced only in the middle of the propodeal shelf; submarginal carina of propodeum strongly developed and lamellar, dorsally fused with the inferior carina bordering the posterior face of propodeum, forming a dorsally reflexed point where the carinae meet; propodeal valvula largely not fused with submarginal carina but placed on a more medial plane, so that in lateral view it appears largely covered by the lamellate submarginal carina. T1 subcylindrical, in dorsal view with weakly diverging sides and anteriorly truncate, 1.9× as long as apically wide; T 1 in lateral view abruptly raising basally and then weakly and evenly convex to apex, except for very shallow preapical depression, apical margin shallowly thickened. T2 about as long wide, constricted basally and much wider apically than basally; apical margin of T2 shortly lamellate (lamella not strongly evident as it is pigmented like the preapical area), preceded by a weak thickening of the tergite. T3–T4 with a wide translucent apical area. Sides of T1 meeting on ventral face of segment, so that S1 is reduced to a subtriangular sclerite covering slightly less than the apical half of the segment; surface of S1 with three ridges running from base to apex, one longitudinal on mid-line and two diverging from base and reaching the apical angles of the sternite. S2 longitudinally depressed on the basal sloping part; S 2 in lateral view evenly convex from base to apex, less convex than T2; apical margin of S2 lamellate like on T2, but preapical thickening barely developed.</p><p>Frons with deep punctures separated by narrow convex interspaces, punctures becoming larger and shallower posteriorly on vertex; gena punctate in front of vertical carina, irregularly punctate and crenate behind it; clypeus with deep large punctures in basal bulging part, nearly impunctate in apical concave part. Mesosoma sculpted similar to frons but punctures much larger; anterior face of pronotum with smaller punctures disposed in radiated series except for two ventral smooth areas; lateral faces of pronotum sparsely punctate with few short striae on lower end; metanotum with smaller and denser punctures; tegula shiny and sparsely micropunctate, with few fine macropunctures intermixed; mesepisternum with interspaces becoming wider and flat ventrally; dorsal faces of propodeum with large flat-bottomed polygonal cells, separated by sharp ridge-like interspaces, only laterally with some flattened interspaces; lateral faces of propodeum finely and irregularly microstriate, with few scattered shallow and flat-bottomed punctures; posterior face of propodeum shiny with very shallow and sparse punctures, highly variable in size. T1 with deep oblique punctures, larger and denser basally and becoming smaller and sparser apically, basal sloping part and thickened apical margin impunctate; T2 with much smaller deep punctures separated by 0.5–2× their diameters, interspaces with distinct and dense micropunctures, base of apical lamella margined by a series of very coarse punctures separated by sharp ridge-like interspaces; T3 with a series of coarse punctures margining the apical translucent area; T4 with a group of punctures margining the translucent area similar to T3, but punctures very shallow, nearly indistinct; T5–T6 finely shagreened; S1 shiny with few deep punctures in the depressed parts; S2 with shallow oblique punctures, interspaces micropunctate similar to T2 and about as wide as one puncture diameter, punctures much sparser on basal sloping part; S3–S6 similar to respective tergites but sculpture much finer. Head and mesosoma with sparse appressed pubescence and erect short setae, pubescence denser and silvery on clypeus, gena and mesepisternum; propodeum with longer setae posterolaterally; metasoma with suberect dense pubescence, longer on T1 and progressively shorter on following segments, oblique setae on S2 and at apex of T3–T5 and S3–S6, longer on sternites.</p><p>Black; following parts orange-red: clypeus except narrow apical margin, mandible except inner margin, scape, ventral face of flagellum, pronotum except most of anterior face and large subquadrate posterolateral spots on dorsal face, posterior half of scutellum, metanotum, tegula, small spot on mesepisternum below tegula, most of propodeum except anterior half of lateral faces and part of posterior face, metasoma (except where yellow) and legs; following parts bright-yellow: thickened apical margin of T1, regular band covering preapical thickening and apical lamella of T2 and S2, irregular suffusion in middle of T3. Wings fusco-hyaline with dark-gray tinge becoming black on costal margin, costal area with bright purple reflections.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga (Fig. 63J).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is the combination of the Greek prefix hemi- (= half) and the Latin adjective rufus, - a, - um (= red), in reference to the distinctive half orange-red and half black pattern of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFDBFFCAFF0AF9000708C302	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD8FFC4FF0AFA690029C7BA.text	190A0E05FFD8FFC4FF0AFA690029C7BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtolabulus flavorufus Selis. A 2024	<div><p>Cyrtolabulus flavorufus Selis, 2024</p><p>(Figs 24, 63K)</p><p>Cyrtolabulus flavorufus Selis, 2024: 66, 67, 70, 84 (key), figs 3, 12 (distribution), 13F, ♀ —“ MADAGASKAR / Prov. Mahajanga / Katsepy ” (NHMW).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ MADAGASKAR / Prov. Mahajanga / Katsepy / 30. 5.–3. 6. 1995 MADL // Cyrtolabulus / sollicitus (G.S.) ♀ / J.Gusenleitner,det.1995 // Cyrtolabulus flavorufus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis [red label] // NHMW ” (NHMW).</p><p>Description of male (hitherto unknown). Habitus in Fig. 24B. Differing from the female as follows: clypeus with slightly narrower apical margin and with denser silvery pubescence, flagellum subclavate with F7–F9 expanded, F11 subconical but laterolaterally compressed in ventral half, robust and with pointed apex not reaching basal margin of F9 (Fig. 24C), mid-femur with a basal semicircular excision followed by a sharp subtriangular lobe covered in dense silvery pubescence (Fig. 24D).</p><p>Variability. The examined specimens show some variability in pattern, with the background color ranging from black with dark red markings to entirely bright orangish-red, and the yellow markings described for the holotype (Selis 2024) varying in extension.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana *, Mahajanga, Toliara * (Selis 2024) (Fig. 63K).</p><p>Notes. Three specimens (Fig. 24E) from the northernmost point of Madagascar (CASENT2118484, CASENT2118495, CASENT2118536) show some differences from the other examined specimens, such as the generally smaller and sparser punctures, much thinner F11 of male (Fig. 24F), mid femur of male not modified (Fig. 24G), and less developed apical spine of the ventral lobes of aedeagus. Given the evident differences in F11 and mid femur of the male, it could be a distinct and undescribed species, but given the availability of only three specimens, of which only one is male, no taxonomic action is being undertaken now, also considering the very subtle differences in the genitalia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFD8FFC4FF0AFA690029C7BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD6FFC4FF0AFE310361C4D5.text	190A0E05FFD6FFC4FF0AFE310361C4D5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtolabulus madli Gusenleitner. M 1998	<div><p>Cyrtolabulus madli Gusenleitner, 1998</p><p>(Figs 25A, 63L)</p><p>Cyrtolabulus madli Gusenleitner, 1998: 183, 186, fig. 9–11, ♀, ♂ —“ Madagaskar, Prov. Tuléar, 32 km N Tuléar (S. I. B.)” (holotype female NHMW).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo *, Fianarantsoa *, Mahajanga *, Toliara (Gusenleitner 1998, 2004; Selis 2024) (Fig. 63L).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFD6FFC4FF0AFE310361C4D5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD6FFC1FF0AFCDC0187C292.text	190A0E05FFD6FFC1FF0AFCDC0187C292.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtolabulus nivosus Selis 2025	<div><p>Cyrtolabulus nivosus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 25B–D, 63M)</p><p>Diagnosis. Cyrtolabulus nivosus sp. nov. belongs to the group of Malagasy Cyrtolabulus presenting S2 much longer than T2 and broadly rounded apical margin of T3, and within this group it is similar to Cyrtolabulus madli Gusenleitner due to largely absent pronotal carina, small tegula without expanded posterior lobe, broadened and subtriangular tegula, vertical propodeum without a dorsal face, strongly convex dorsal surface of T1, and T2 with a V-shaped depression. The two species are, however, easily distinguished, as C. nivosus sp. nov. presents the following characters: parategula forming a quarter of circle and apically right-angled (Fig. 25D), shorter (1.35× in ♂ and 1.45–1.55× in ♀) and more sparsely punctate T1 (Fig. 25C), T2 wider than long and with sparsely punctate basal sloping part (Fig. 25B), much denser and brighter pubescence that is strongly silvery on sides of head and mesosoma (Fig. 25C), male F11 short and conical and reaching middle of F9 (Fig. 25B), and female clypeus shallowly emarginate at apex and with sparse shallow punctures (Fig. 25B).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2174874 // MADAGASCAR: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.752335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.0485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.752335/lat -24.0485)">Tulear</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.752335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.0485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.752335/lat -24.0485)">Tsimanampetsotsa National</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.752335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.0485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.752335/lat -24.0485)">Park</a>, Mitoho Forest plateau / 24–29 October 2008 / 24°2.91'S 43°45.14'E // Calif. Acad. of Sciences / coll: M.Irwin, R.Harin’Hala / malaise, dense dry forest / elev 150 m MG-53A-01 // Cyrtolabulus nivosus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21747) . PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 4♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2174861, CASENT2174879; MSVI, codes CASENT2174865, CASENT2174878); same locality as holotype, 23–31.I.2009, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174869); same locality as holotype, 18.II–11.III.2009, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174945); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.834145&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.430332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.834145/lat -23.430332)">Tulear</a>, Ankazomena, 8 km N of Ambohimahavelona village, 23.430333S 43.834145E, 122 m, 21–31.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174885) .</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Fig. 25C). Body length 5.5 mm; fore wing length 4.0 mm.</p><p>Head 1.25× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.05× as wide as long, free apical part slightly shorter than interocular part, apical margin shallowly emarginate and narrow, 0.2× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth obtuse and subtriangular with bluntly pointed apex; clypeus in lateral view weakly and evenly convex. Interantennal space with a sharp longitudinal carina originating near upper limit and extending on frons, almost reaching level of upper limit of ocular sinus. Vertex 1.7× as long as ocellocular distance, flattened and evenly sloping, so that occipital carina is placed below the upper limit of eye. Gena 0.7× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina sharp and shortly lamellate, higher on vertex and gena, much finer on transition between the two parts, bluntly and shallowly bent on ventral half. F1 1.15× as long as wide and 0.9× as long as F2, F2 slightly longer than wide, F3 and F9 subquadrate, F4–F8 transverse; F11 subconical and small, weakly curved in lateral view and with pointed apex not reaching base of F9, ventral face of F9 with a shallow subtriangular depression. Mesosoma 1.5× as long as wide, with subparallel sides. Pronotum with straight and weakly converging sides, very weakly sinuate behind humeri, which are right angled and barely projecting; pronotal carina shortly developed only on humeri and near ventral corner of lateral faces, shortly lamellate and right-angled on humeri; pretegular carina absent; dorsal faces of pronotum clearly separated from anterior face despite absence of pronotal carina. Scutellum wider than long, weakly but distinctly convex in lateral view, posterior margin placed below level of anterior margin; axillary fossa small and rounded, smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum strongly sloping, nearly vertical and divided into two faces by a transverse carina; anterior face nearly vertical and very short in the middle, posterior face sloping and subrectangular, somewhat depressed in the middle; transverse carina straight in the middle and then raised in two rounded lobes at sides. Tegula small, about as long as wide, outer margin evenly curved except short straight portion at anterior end, posterior lobe short and wide, apically right-angled and equaling parategula; parategula wide and flattened, anterior margin evenly curved and meeting at a right-angle the transverse posterior margin, therefore appearing as a quarter of circle. Mesepisternum evenly convex and anteriorly abruptly separated from epicnemium, but lacking epicnemial carina, posteriorly with a short and sharp carina originating from ventral apex of epimeron, which is flattened and not clearly separated from mesepisternum. Propodeum short and falling vertically from posterior margin of metanotum, in lateral view appearing weakly and evenly convex; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly sloping, weakly and evenly convex, not touching each other behind metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum flattened except for shallow depression above submarginal carina, clearly separated from dorsal faces but lateral carinae barely indicated; posterior face of propodeum forming a semi-elliptical depression, shallow above and becoming deeper ventrally, with two deep pits separated by a sharp longitudinal carina at lower end, smoothly passing into dorsal faces on sides; submarginal carina of propodeum developed in a short and subtriangular translucent lamella above each valvula, lamella directed vertically and compressed laterolaterally; propodeal valvula largely not fused with submarginal carina, subtrapezoidal and sloping mediolaterally. T1 semielliptical in dorsal view, with convex and posteriorly diverging sides, 1.35× as long as apically wide; T 1 in lateral view domed, strongly and evenly convex except for shallow and wide preapical furrow and weakly thickened apical margin. T2 wider than long, constricted basally and much wider apically than basally, with a wide and very shallow broad-V-shaped depression, more evident in lateral view; apical margin of T2 lamellate and preceded by a distinct thickening of the tergite. T3 large and broadly rounded, preapically thickened similar to T2 and apically with a lamellar margin widened in the middle and shortened on sides. S1 with a short parallel-sided basal stalk and with a large subtriangular expanded area covering most of the ventral surface of the tergite, with blunt and shallow ridges running parallel to the lateral margins. S2 enlarged and with broadly rounded posterior margin, obliquely cut-off in lateral view and much longer than S2, its apex equaling apex of T3 and forming with it a clam-like structure containing the following segments; apical margin of S2 lamellate like on T2, but preapical thickening barely indicated; S 2 in lateral view weakly sloping basally, then weakly and evenly convex to apex. T4–T7 and S3–S7 much less sclerotized than preceding segments, somewhat soft.</p><p>Frons with small deep punctures, sparser ventrally and becoming denser dorsally, interspace micropunctate and on disc as wide as puncture diameter; vertex punctate similar to frons but interspaces wider and very shiny; gena with punctures becoming progressively sparser ventrally; clypeus with very sparse small and barely visible punctures. Mesosoma with punctures similar to frons but larger; dorsal faces of pronotum with interspaces densely micropunctate and about as wide as puncture diameter, anterior face with slightly smaller punctures and smooth shiny interspaces, lateral faces with much sparser small punctures; mesoscutum with irregular interspaces, 0.5–2.0× as wide as puncture diameter and more shiny than on pronotum, parategula smooth with sparse fine punctures; scutellum similar to mesoscutum but punctures slightly smaller; metanotum almost entirely smooth and shiny, with few fine punctures on posterior face; tegula shiny, smooth on disc and irregularly microsculpted laterally; mesepisternum with very sparse fine punctures barely visible due to dense pubescence; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly shiny with dense very fine micropunctures, few small deep punctures present only along outer margin, disc entirely impunctate; lateral faces of propodeum with deep small punctures, separated by about their diameter; posterior face of propodeum strongly shiny with sparse deep punctures. T1 largely impunctate and smooth on basal sloping part, then densely micropunctate and with small deep punctures separated by about their diameter, sides much more densely micropunctate and barely punctate, preapical furrow with sparse and shallow small punctures; basal sloping part of T2 densely micropunctate and with few very fine punctures, disc of T2 with small deep punctures with interspaces 1.0–3.0× as wide as punctures diameter, punctures becoming larger on sides, preapical thickening largely impunctate and followed by a series of larger punctures bordering the base of the apical lamella; T3 with smaller and sparser punctures than T2, larger on disc and gradually becoming much finer laterally, disappearing before reaching lateral margins, preapical thickening followed by a series of larger punctures similar to T2, but punctures more irregularly arranged; S1 with small deep punctures, interspaces as wide as several puncture diameters and sparsely micropunctate, shiny; S2 shiny and sparsely micropunctate, macropunctures finer and sparser basally and on disc, becoming larger and denser on basal corners and apically, generally punctures smaller on black anchor-shaped marking and larger on pale markings, shallow preapical thickening impunctate and followed by an irregular series of larger punctures bordering the apical lamella; T4–T7 and S3–S7 densely shagreened and matte. Densely pubescent; pubescence on head and mesosoma white with very pale golden reflections on dorsal face, becoming silvery on sides and ventrally, much longer and denser on face, gena, mesepisternum and propodeum where it almost completely hides the underlying surface; dense short erect setae on head and mesosoma, sparser and shorter on clypeus; T1 with very dense pale long pubescence, denser on sides; rest of metasoma with dust-like grayish pubescence, some very sparse and short oblique setae on S2.</p><p>Black; following parts red: narrow band along posterior margin of pronotum, posterior margin of scutellum, T1 except basal black spot, lunate marking at apex of S1, and suffused dark spots along apical band of T2; following parts ivory-yellow: clypeus except narrow apical margin, mandible except teeth, lower face of scape, regular anterior band on pronotum excised in the middle, posterior angles of scutellum, most of metanotum, suffused inner margin on tegula, parategula, large circular spot on mesepisternum below tegula, spots on apical corners of propodeum, narrow apical band on T1, lateral oblique spots and narrow apical band on T2, apical band on T3 narrowing laterally, large lateral spots and three times widened apical band on S2 leaving a narrow anchor-shaped black marking in the middle, ventral face of all coxae, outer face of fore and mid legs, small and irregular apical spot on hind femur, line on outer face of hind tibia originating from base but not reaching apex. Wings hyaline with weak brownish tinge along costal margin.</p><p>Female. Differing from male as follows: apical margin of clypeus slightly wider and with more acute apical teeth, T1 longer, 1.45–1.55× as long as apically wide, and less densely punctate.</p><p>Variability. The female paratypes show some very subtle variations in the extension of the pale markings on metasoma, especially on S2 they can be smaller leaving a thicker black anchor-shaped marking or largely fused and reducing the black marking to some irregular spots.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 63M).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective nivosus, - a, - um (= snowy, covered in snow), in reference to the bright and dense pubescence covering the sides of the mesosoma.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFD6FFC1FF0AFCDC0187C292	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD3FFC2FF0AFB1903F9C1EE.text	190A0E05FFD3FFC2FF0AFB1903F9C1EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtolabulus oblongus Selis 2025	<div><p>Cyrtolabulus oblongus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 26, 63N)</p><p>Diagnosis. Cyrtolabulus oblongus sp. nov. belongs to the group of Malagasy Cyrtolabulus with S2 as long as T2 and propodeum without a horizontal face behind metanotum. It can be easily distinguished from all other species of this group, and in fact from most species of Cyrtolabulus, by elongate and subcylindrical mesosoma (Figs 26A, B), tegula with subtriangular posterior lobe and angled outer margin, subtriangular and wide parategula (Fig. 26C), subtriangular S1 with sides evenly diverging from base to apex, and long and translucent apical lamella of T2 with large pigmented basal digitations (Fig. 26F). The elongated habitus and general appearance could cause confusion with the genus Eumenidiopsis, represented in Madagascar by the sole species Eumenidiopsis pyriformis sp. nov., however the two genera differ profoundly in the morphology of head, clypeus, and mandibles, as already illustrated in the key to the genera. The two species further differ in numerous other characters, such as the morphology of pronotum, parategula, metanotum, propodeum, and T1.</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “CASENT / 2046420 // MADAGASCAR: Mahajanga / Prov. NP d’Ankarafantsika / Ampijoroa Sta. For. 40km 306°/ NW Andranofasika, 130m / 16°19'15"S 40°48'38"E / 26 Mar–1 Apr 2001, col. / Fisher, Griswold et al. // CASLOT 011068 / malaise in tropical dry / forest BLF3520 // Cyrtolabulus oblongus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21748). PARATYPES: Mahajanga, Foret Tsimembo 8.7 km 336°NNW Soatana, 19.021388S 44.440523E, 20 m, 21– 25.XI.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2046325); Mahajanga, PN de Namoroka, 9.8 km 300°WNW Vilanandro, 16.466687S 45.349978E, 140 m, 4–8.XI.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2146073); Mahajanga, PN Tsingy de Bemaraha, 2.5 km 62°ENE Bekopaka, Ankidrodroa River, 19.132232S 44.814722E, 100 m, 11–15.XI.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046352); Mahajanga, Sofia District, 45 km S Antsohihy, 5 km W of Anjiamangirana, 15.157510S 47.734166E, 97 m, 13– 19.XII.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2118526; MSVI, code CASENT 2118524); Mahajanga, Sofia District, 45 km S Antsohihy, 5 km W of Anjiamangirana, 15.157510S 47.734166E, 97 m, 27.I– 2.II.2011, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2118488); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197S 47.613333E, 33 m, 22–27.I.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin &amp; F. Parker, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT 8105803); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197S 47.613333E, 33 m, 13–15.XI.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin &amp; F. Parker, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046252); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197S 47.613333E, 33 m, 23.XI–8.XII.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin &amp; F. Parker, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105934); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.133322S 45.699989E, 2–9.X.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2047013, CASENT 2047015); Majunga, Reserve forestière Beanka, 50.2 km E Maintirano, 18.026399S 44.050555E, 250 m, 19–26.X.2009, leg. B.L. Fisher et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2166021); Tulear, Zombitse NP, near ANGAP office, 22.886509S 44.692166E, 840 m, 9–19.XI.2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2053929, CASENT 8600800); Tulear, Zombitse NP, near national road, 22.840490S 44.731155E, 825 m, 15.X–9.XI.2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (MSVI, code CASENT 2153886).</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Fig. 26B). Body length 5.5 mm; fore wing length 4.5 mm.</p><p>Head 1.1× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.15× as wide as long, free apical part much shorter than interocular part, apical margin shallowly emarginate and 0.25× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth wide and subtriangular with pointed apex; clypeus in lateral view weakly convex basally, then flattened to apex. Vertex 1.5× as long as ocellocular distance, very weakly convex and weakly sloping, occipital carina placed about at same level of upper limit of eye. Gena 0.65× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, somewhat bulging in upper half; occipital carina complete and sharp, shortly lamellate on gena, subparallel to outer eye margin in upper half and then smoothly bent below. F1 1.2× as long as wide and 0.95× as long as F2, F2–F3 subquadrate, F4–F8 transverse and becoming progressively wider, F9 longer than wide; F11 claw-shaped and thin, straight in dorsal view and weakly but clearly curved in lateral view, apex bluntly pointed and not reaching basal margin of F9, which is ventrally furrowed to house F11. Mesosoma 1.8× as long as wide, elongate and subcylindrical with sides converging both anteriorly and posteriorly from level of tegula. Pronotum elongate with sinuate sides, weakly concave behind humeri, which are almost right-angled and slightly pointing out, distance between pronotal carina and mesoscutum on mid-line as long as vertex; pronotal carina complete, although very fine and almost disappearing in the median third, becoming higher laterally and forming a short translucent lamella on humeri, where it is sharply bent in a right angle, then disappearing below humeri; anterior face of pronotum completely separated from dorsal faces even in the middle where the carina fades; pretegular carina present only as a very blunt trace near posterolateral corners of pronotum, replaced by a deep semicircular depression bordering pronotal lobe. Scutellum subquadrate, only slightly wider than long and with concave sides, surface evenly flattened; axillary fossa small and rounded, smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum short and sloping, divided into two faces by a robust transverse carina which is strongly bilobate, the anterior face is nearly horizontal, and the posterior face is depressed and facing the propodeal cavity. Tegula small and about as long as wide, reaching its maximum width in anterior half, subcampanulate due to abruptly curved outer margin, posterior lobe broad and somewhat acute with rounded apex, equaling parategula; parategula beak-shaped with curved apex, surface mostly flattened. Mesepisternum with a short and indistinct stretch of epicnemial carina below pleural suture, sharply separating it from epicnemium, epimeron ventrally produced in a sharp but low point. Propodeum elongate and falling just behind metanotum, in lateral view convex above and shortly produced behind metanotum and then oblique, not forming a propodeal shelf; dorsal faces of propodeum weakly and evenly convex, sloping mediolaterally, sending a short point behind metanotum but non reaching contralateral; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, clearly separated from dorsal faces but without lateral carinae; posterior face of propodeum forming a large and deep subtriangular depression with convex sides, with a longitudinal furrow originating from posterior margin of metanotum, depression clearly delimited but transitions to dorsal faces evenly rounded and not sharp; submarginal carina of propodeum forming subtriangular laterolaterally compressed lamella projections, appearing subtriangular with rounded apex in lateral view, narrower and more pointed in dorsal view. T1 elongate subconical in dorsal view, 1.4× as long as apically wide, sides markedly diverging and anterior margin subtruncate, apical margin much wider than base of tergite; T 1 in lateral view strongly and evenly convex from base to apex, except for wide preapical furrow and thickened apical margin. T2 longer than wide with subparallel sides, constricted basally and much wider apically than basally; apical margin of T2 with a long translucent orange lamella, preceded by a thickening of the tergite that sends long and blunt digitations on the basal half of the lamella. T3 lamellate similar to T2, but lamella longer and basal digitations sharper and more irregular. S1 subtriangular and covering most of the ventral surface of the segment, with only a very short basal stalk; sides markedly diverging from base to apex, separated from median shallowly depressed part by a pair of strong ridges that run subparallel to the lateral margins. S 2 in lateral view evenly convex from base to apex, less convex than T2; apical margin of S2 lamellate like on T2, but lamella apically reflexed and basal digitations sharper and more irregular. S7 with an apical broad and shallow incision laterally margined by pointed subtriangular lobes, lobes exceeding apical margin of T7 and visible also from above.</p><p>Frons with deep punctures separated by 0.5–1× their diameters, interspaces flattened and shiny with sparse micropunctures, interspaces becoming wider and less micropunctate on vertex; gena with smaller and denser punctures above, becoming much sparsely punctate below; clypeus with small deep punctures separated by about their diameter, interspaces sparsely micropunctate. Mesosoma with large deep punctures and shiny interspaces; dorsal face of pronotum with very narrow interspaces; anterior face of pronotum with smaller sparse punctures; lateral faces of pronotum with punctures gradually disappearing ventrally; mesoscutum with punctures smaller than on pronotum, denser anteriorly and medially, becoming sparser posterolaterally where the interspaces are as wide as one puncture diameter and flattened; scutellum sculpted like posterior part of metanotum, but interspaces larger and posterior corners almost impunctate; metanotum with few small punctures near anterior margin; tegula shiny and sparsely micropunctate; mesepisternum sculpted similar to mesoscutum and scutellum, epimeron densely punctate; dorsal faces of propodeum with deep punctures slightly smaller than those on mesoscutum, punctures denser along margins but always clearly separated from each other and leaving some large impunctate areas on disc; lateral faces of propodeum with fine blunt striation arranged in an irregular pattern; posterior face of propodeum with sparse fine punctures and some transverse striae on mid-line. T1 with deep punctures, interspaces sparsely micropunctate and shiny, mostly as wide as puncture diameter and becoming much wider on sides, basal sloping part and thickened apical margin impunctate; T2 with punctures smaller and denser, interspaces more densely micropunctate, base of apical lamella margined by a series of large oblique punctures delimiting the pigmented digitations; T3 coarsely punctate along base of apical lamella; T4–T7 finely shagreened and matte; S1 with deep punctures, larger basally and becoming progressively finer apically; S2 punctate similar to T2, but interspaces wider and more shiny, punctures bordering apical lamella much coarser; S3–S7 finely shagreened and matte. Head and mesosoma with sparse short appressed setae, in addition to long erect setae on frons, vertex, pronotum and mesepisternum, the latter with apically bent setae; propodeum with long fine setae on projections of submarginal carina; short and dense golden-white pubescence on clypeus, frons, ocular sinus, gena and mesepisternum; tergites with very short and appressed brownish pubescence, longer on T1; S1 with suberect white pubescence and few scattered erect setae; S2 densely pubescent with sparse oblique setae, partly bent at apex; S3–S7 with dense golden-white setae, shorter on S7.</p><p>Black; following parts ferruginous-red: irregular markings on disc and sides of clypeus, mandible, antenna, most of pronotum except dorsolateral dark spots, tegula and parategula, posterior margin of scutellum, metanotum, borders of upper plate of mesepisternum, irregular and suffused markings at apex of propodeum, legs, T1 and S1 except suffused darker median area, sides of T2 and S2, T3–T7 and S3–S7; following parts pale yellow: most of clypeus except ferruginous markings, transverse spots on pronotal humeri, medially interrupted band on posterior half of scutellum, large spot on mesepisternum below tegula, projections of submarginal carina, thickened apical margin of T1, apical band on T2–T3 and S2, suffused basal spots on tibiae. Wings fusco-hyaline with brown tinge, stronger along costal margin.</p><p>Female. Differing from male as follows: clypeus with slightly wider apical margin and less evident silvery pubescence, pronotal carina sharper and more developed in the middle, apical lamella of T2 longer and with less bulging digitations, and clypeus red or black with basal yellow band.</p><p>Variability. The paratypes show a high degree of variability in some characters: thickness of male F11 (from thin as in the holotype to wide and dorsoventrally depressed), development of the pronotal carina (from very fine in the middle as in the holotype to entirely sharp and well developed), density of the punctures on the mesosoma, and pattern (red markings from nearly absent to almost entirely replacing the red background, yellow markings of variable development, the holotype representing an intermediate form). The female paratype from PN Tsingy de Bemaraha shows some unique characters, being entirely black except for whitish markings at base of clypeus and at apex of T1 – T2 and S2, having much sharper pronotal humeri and presenting at the base of the apical lamella of T2 only very sparse punctures not delimiting clear digitations; since it is a single specimen and there are no further differences, it is considered for the moment as a local form .</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga, Toliara (Fig. 63N).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective oblongus, - a, - um (= oblong), in reference to the elongate appearance of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFD3FFC2FF0AFB1903F9C1EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFAFFFBFFF0AFF7C00D7C136.text	190A0E05FFAFFFBFFF0AFF7C00D7C136.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtolabulus obscurior Selis 2025	<div><p>Cyrtolabulus obscurior sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 27, 63O)</p><p>Diagnosis. Cyrtolabulus obscurior sp. nov. belongs to the group of Malagasy Cyrtolabulus with S2 as long as T2 and propodeum not forming a horizontal surface behind metanotum. Within this group, C. obscurior sp. nov. is morphologically similar to C. sollicitus (Giordani Soika), with which shares the following characters: dorsal and anterior faces of pronotum not clearly separated due to pronotal carina being developed only on lateral fifths (Fig. 27C), posterior lobe of tegula broadly rounded and with obtuse apex, T1 long and about 1.8× as long as apically wide (Fig. 27A), bell-shaped S1, short apical lamella of T2 (Fig. 27E), densely punctate and matte integuments. Cyrtolabulus obscurior sp. nov. is however readily distinguished by the following characters: pronotal carina forming subconical and acute projections on humeri (Fig. 27C), convex dorsal surface of propodeum above apical depression (Fig. 27D), almost entirely white apical lamella of T2 with only a narrow hyaline margin (Fig. 27E), absence of dark-red areas on mesosoma (Figs 27A, B), narrower and straight male F11 (Fig. 27A), and male mid-femur with a very small and shallow basal depression (Fig. 27F).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2081268 // MADAGASCAR: Prov. / Fianarantsoa, 7 km W of / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.9325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.966" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.9325/lat -21.966)">Sendrisoa</a>, N of Andringitra / NP, 1465 m. 30 Nov–21 Dec 2001 / 21°57.96'S 46°55.95'E / colls: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 035347 / malaise, in vegetation near / river MA-02-10-03 // Cyrtolabulus obscurior / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21749) . PARATYPES: Fianarantsoa, near PN d’Isalo, at stream <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.358166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.626656" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.358166/lat -22.626656)">E of Interpretive Center</a>, 22.626656S 45.358166E, 750 m, 17–25.XI.2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153779) ; Fianarantsoa, near PN d’Isalo, at stream <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.358166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.626656" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.358166/lat -22.626656)">E of Interpretive Center</a>, 22.626656S 45.358166E, 750 m, 21–29.XII.2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153571) ; Fianarantsoa, radio tower 22 km SW Ilakaka, near Fianarantsoa / Tulear border, 22.779176S 45.024999E, 1100 m, 6–16.XII.2001, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8105910); Fianarantsoa, radio tower 22 km SW Ilakaka, near Fianarantsoa / Tulear border, 22.779176S 45.024999E, 1100 m, 27.II–6.III.2002, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2081225, CASENT2081227; MSVI, code CASENT2081226) .</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Fig. 27B). Body length 6.0 mm; fore wing length 4.5 mm.</p><p>Head 1.3× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1× as wide as long, free apical part slightly shorter than interocular part, apical margin shallowly emarginate and 0.3× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth subtriangular with blunt apex; clypeus in lateral view bulging in basal half, then shallowly depressed apically; basal part of clypeus raised in medial three-fifths. Vertex 1.6× as long as ocellocular distance, almost flattened and evenly sloping, so that occipital carina is placed below the upper limit of eye. Gena 0.75× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, shallower and finer on vertex, becoming much higher and lamellate on gena, bisinuate on gena. F1 1.25× as long as wide and 0.95× as long as F2, F2 and F9 longer than wide, F3–F4 subquadrate, F5–F8 transverse; F11 finger-shaped and subtle, straight in dorsal view and weakly curved in lateral view, apex bluntly pointed and not reaching basal margin of F9; flagellum slightly expanded from middle of F7 to apex of F9, somewhat clavate. Mesosoma 1.45× as long as wide, almost parallel-sided. Pronotum with straight and subparallel sides, humeri sharp and acutely pointed anterolaterally; pronotal carina largely incomplete, absent on most of dorsal face and sharp and shortly lamellate on extreme sides, interrupted below humeri and then very blunt below on lateral faces; dorsal and anterior faces of pronotum not separated in the middle; pretegular carina complete but subtle and blunt. Mesoscutum with shallow indications of notauli in front of scutellum. Scutellum wider than long, almost flattened and weakly sloping posteriorly; axillary fossa small and rounded, smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum short and weakly sloping, with a sharp and high transverse carina, triangularly lobate at sides. Tegula about as long as wide, outer margin evenly rounded and giving a subcircular outline to the tegula, outer margin of posterior lobe slightly exceeding parategula, apex right-angled and touching apex of parategula; parategula wide and flattened at base, posteriorly compressed laterolaterally and lamellar, appearing strongly angled in dorsal view. Mesepisternum abruptly angled and separated from epicnemium but without epicnemial carina, posteriorly with a short sharp irregular carina originating from the produced apex of the epimeron. Propodeum short, in dorsal view appearing more or less evenly convex but not forming a propodeal shelf behind metanotum, in lateral view convex above and then falling almost vertically; dorsal faces of propodeum weakly and evenly convex, medially separated by a shallow and wide furrow; lateral faces of propodeum flattened and not clearly separated from dorsal faces; posterior face of propodeum forming a widely subtriangular depression, shallow above and with a ventromedial deep pit, not separated from dorsal faces; submarginal carina of propodeum forming flattened spiniform projections above valvulae; propodeal valvula incised on upper margin and therefore not completely fused with submarginal carina. T1 subcylindrical, in dorsal view with weakly and evenly diverging sides from base to apex, 2.0× as long as apically wide; T 1 in lateral view raising basally where it is more convex, then weakly and evenly convex to apex, except for wide preapical furrow, apical margin thickened. T2 about as long as wide, constricted basally and much wider apically than basally; apical margin of T2 lamellate (lamella not strongly pigmented as it is pigmented like the preapical part), preceded by a weak thickening of the tergite, lamella apically with two hyaline borders, the apical one flattened and the subapical one slightly reflexed and overhanging the other one. Sides of T1 meeting on ventral face of segment, so that S1 is reduced to a very narrow basal stalk and an apical subtriangular sclerite; surface of S1 flattened with bluntly and shallowly raised margin. S2 shallowly depressed on basal sloping part; S 2 in lateral view evenly convex from base to apex, less than T2; apical margin of S2 lamellate like T2, but lamella less markedly separated. Mid femur with a very shallow and small basal depression, appearing as a flattened area ventrally margined by dense silvery setae.</p><p>Frons with deep and very dense punctures, interspaces narrow and reduced to high ridges, punctures becoming shallower and more irregular on vertex; gena with smaller punctures, becoming very shallow and sparse on ventral third; clypeus with deep dense punctures on basal bulging part. Mesosoma sculpted similar to frons but punctures larger; anterior face of pronotum with smaller punctures and large shiny impunctate areas; lateral faces of pronotum with small dense punctures; metanotum with smaller and irregular punctures; tegula matte due to fine and irregular micropunctures and microridges, with few fine macropunctures mediobasally; mesepisternum with interspaces narrow but flattened, densely micropunctate; dorsal faces of propodeum with large flat-bottomed polygonal cells, separated by sharp ridge-like interspaces; lateral faces of propodeum irregularly and very finely microstriate; posterior face of propodeum irregularly striate and punctate. T1 with oblique punctures, shallower and sparser basally and becoming deeper and denser apically, interspaces sparsely micropunctate, basal sloping part and thickened apical margin impunctate; T2 with well-impressed deep punctures, separated by about their diameter, interspaces with dense and large micropunctures, base of apical lamella margined by a series of very coarse punctures separated by sharp ridge-like interspaces; T3 with coarse deep punctures, becoming larger from base to apex; T4 shagreened with few barely impressed punctures; T5–T7 finely shagreened and micropunctate; S1 finely shagreened with sparse small punctures; S2 similar to T2, but punctures sparser and interspaces much shinier; S3–S6 similar to respective tergite but sculpture much finer; S7 shiny with dense micropunctures. Head and mesosoma with pale suberect pubescence and erect short setae, longer on frons and apically bent on mesepisternum; pubescence denser and silvery on clypeus, ocular sinus, gena and mesepisternum; propodeum with longer and silvery setae posterolaterally; metasoma with suberect dense pubescence, longer on T1 and progressively shorter on following segments, S4–S6 with longer pubescence, apex of S3–S6 with long erect setae more evident on sides, apical margin of S7 with sparse setae of irregular length.</p><p>Black with irregular dark red suffusions on metasoma and ferruginous-orange T3–T7 and S3–S7; following parts dark ferruginous: lower face of scape, mandible, tegula, legs; following parts yellowish-white: clypeus except apical margin, basal triangle of mandible, narrow anterior band on pronotum slightly widening on humeral region, posterior third of scutellum, outer margin of tegula becoming wider posteriorly, projections of submarginal carina, thickened apical margin of T1, preapical thickening and most of apical lamella of T2 and S2, outer face of fore tibia. Wings hyaline with very weak brownish tinge, more distinct along costal margin.</p><p>Female. Excluding the usual sexual dimorphism, the female differs from the male as follows: clypeus dark red, less convex and with narrower apical margin, T1 more robust and 1.8× as long as wide, T3 more finely punctate, and legs entirely dark red.</p><p>Variability. The available specimens only show very subtle variation in the extension of the yellowish-white markings on pronotum and scutellum.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa (Fig. 63O).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is a Latin adjective of comparative degree meaning “darker”, as this species superficially resembles a darker form of C. sollicitus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFAFFFBFFF0AFF7C00D7C136	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFADFFBEFF0AF8BD03A2C15D.text	190A0E05FFADFFBEFF0AF8BD03A2C15D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtolabulus parvulus Selis. A 2024	<div><p>Cyrtolabulus parvulus Selis, 2024</p><p>(Figs 28, 63P)</p><p>Cyrtolabulus parvulus Selis, 2024: 66, 70, 74, 85 (key), figs 5, 6, 12 (distribution), 13L, ♂, ♀ —“ MADAGASKAR: TULÉAR / Tuléar-Morombe / PK 32 (S.I.B.)” (holotype male NHMW).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ MADAGASKAR: TULÉAR / Tuléar-Morombe / PK 32 (S.I.B.) / 21.–23. V.97, MADL // Cyrtolabulus / bekilyensis (G.S.) ♂ / J.Gusenleitner,det.2005 // NHMW // Cyrtolabulus parvulus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis [red label]” (NHMW) . PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 1♀ (NHMW); Toliara, Sarodrano, 26. V .1998, leg. M. Madl, 1♀ (NHMW); Tuléar, 32km N Tulear (S.I.B.), 24.X.1996, leg. M. Madl, 1♀ (NHMW) .</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Gusenleitner 2005; Selis 2024) (Fig. 63P).</p><p>Notes. Specimens from a relatively restricted coastal area in southwestern Madagascar (Androimpano Forest and Mitoho Forest) show some differences from specimens from other areas, in particular the much broader pale yellow markings (Fig. 28B) and the much finer sculpture of the metasoma, especially on T1 which is very shiny and with sparse fine punctures (Fig. 28C). Morphological comparison, both of external characters and male genitalia, did not reveal any obvious difference, so these specimens are at least momentarily considered a local form of Cyrtolabulus parvulus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFADFFBEFF0AF8BD03A2C15D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFABFFB9FF0AFF7C074CC7C3.text	190A0E05FFABFFB9FF0AFF7C074CC7C3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtolabulus rhombicus Gusenleitner. A 2004	<div><p>Cyrtolabulus rhombicus Gusenleitner, 2004</p><p>(Figs 29, 64A)</p><p>Cyrtolabulus rhombicus Gusenleitner, 2004: 1075, 1076, ♀ —“ Süd /W, 27 km N Toliara, 7m ” (JOEG).</p><p>Description of male (hitherto unknown). Habitus in Fig. 29B. Differing from female as follows: clypeus evenly convex and finely micropunctate, apical margin wider and 0.3× as wide as clypeus, flagellum apparently ninesegmented due to F10–F11 reduced to an extremely small subconical appendage at apex of F9 and clearly visible at high magnification only, apical margin of S7 with a median subtriangular point (Fig. 29C).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana *, Mahajanga *, Toliara (Gusenleitner 2004; Selis 2024) (Fig. 64A).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFABFFB9FF0AFF7C074CC7C3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFABFFBBFF0AF8F101B3C6CA.text	190A0E05FFABFFBBFF0AF8F101B3C6CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtolabulus scrobalis Selis. C 2024	<div><p>Cyrtolabulus scrobalis Selis, 2024</p><p>(Figs 30A, 64B)</p><p>Cyrtolabulus scrobalis Selis, 2024: 66, 78, 85 (key), figs 8, 12 (distribution), 13B, 13H, ♀ —“ Madagascar Est: / Fampanambo ” (MSNVE).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “MUS. ROY. AFR. CENTR. / Madagascar Est: / Fampanambo VI.1960 / J. Vadon // Cyrtolabulus scrobalis / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis [red label]” (MSNVE).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toamasina (Selis 2024) (Fig. 64B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFABFFBBFF0AF8F101B3C6CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA9FFBBFF0AFEA107A3C404.text	190A0E05FFA9FFBBFF0AFEA107A3C404.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtolabulus sollicitus (Giordani Soika 1941)	<div><p>Cyrtolabulus sollicitus (Giordani Soika, 1941)</p><p>(Figs 30B, 64C)</p><p>Labus sollicitus Giordani Soika, 1941: 181, ♀, ♂ —“ Madagascar: Bekily ” (type lost).</p><p>Type material examined. PARALECTOTYPES: Bekily, VII.1936, 1♂ (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC00418851). Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1941; Selis 2024) (Fig. 64C) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFA9FFBBFF0AFEA107A3C404	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA9FFBBFF0AFD6206B2C5C8.text	190A0E05FFA9FFBBFF0AFD6206B2C5C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtolabulus suboscurus (Giordani Soika 1941)	<div><p>Cyrtolabulus suboscurus (Giordani Soika, 1941)</p><p>(Figs 30C, D; 64D)</p><p>Labus suboscurus Giordani Soika, 1941: 183, ♀ —“ Madagascar: Vallée del Sombirano ” (type lost).</p><p>Pseudonortonia madacassa Gusenleitner, 2012: 523, 527, figs 8–10, ♀ —“ Madagaskar (NW), Nosy-Be Island” (HZWA). Junior subjective synonym of Labus suboscurus Giordani Soika, 1941 according to Selis (2024: 82).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana (Giordani Soika 1941; Gusenleitner 2012; Selis 2024) (Fig. 64D).</p><p>Notes. No specimens were available for direct examination and photography, so it was not possible to produce a standard plate as done for other species. Images of the holotype received by Herbert Zettel are provided in Figs 30C–D and others were published by Gusenleitner (2012, as Pseudonortonia madacassa).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFA9FFBBFF0AFD6206B2C5C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA9FFB4FF0AFBA607A7C1C6.text	190A0E05FFA9FFB4FF0AFBA607A7C1C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyrtolabulus tegularis Selis 2025	<div><p>Cyrtolabulus tegularis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1H, I; 31; 64E)</p><p>Diagnosis. Cyrtolabulus tegularis sp. nov. belongs to the group of Malagasy Cyrtolabulus with S2 as long as T2 and propodeum forming a horizontal surface behind metanotum. Within this group, the rounded transition from propodeal shelf to posterior face of propodeum (Figs 31D, E) and the long and pointed projections of submarginal carina not fused with the inferior carina of propodeum (Fig. 31E) place C. tegularis sp. nov. close to C. bekilyensis (Giordani Soika) and C. parvulus Selis, from which the new species is readily distinguished by the strongly enlarged tegula with anteriorly emarginate outer margin and broadly rounded posterior lobe (Fig. 31C), and T2 wider than long with coarse and dense micropunctures almost hiding the fine macropunctures (Fig. 31F).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2053878 // MADAGASCAR: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.536167&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.830833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.536167/lat -24.830833)">Tulear</a> / Prov. Andohahela NP/ Ihazofotsy Parcelle III / 80 m 2– 12 Dec 2002 / 24°49.85'S, 46°32.17'E / colls. M.Irwin, F. Parker, / R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 024567 / malaise, dry spiny / forest, MA-02-21-02 // Cyrtolabulus tegularis / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21750) . PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 20.V–3.VI.2003, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2053883); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626667E, 180 m, 15–28.I.2004, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8600824); Tulear, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.886/lat -23.443)">Androimpano Forest</a>, 3 km E of Itampolo, 24.657833S 43.956167E, 45 m, 22–29.I.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174977); Tulear, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.886/lat -23.443)">Androimpano Forest</a>, 3 km E of Itampolo, 24.657833S 43.956167E, 45 m, 26.III–12.IV.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT2174985); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest, 24.048500S 43.752333E, 120 m, 9–15.I.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174927); Tulear, 1 km N of Andranovelona, 23.443S 43.886E, 200 m, leg. M.E. Irwin &amp; E.I. Schlinger, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT3003747) .</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Fig. 31B). Body length 7.0 mm; fore wing length 5.0 mm.</p><p>Head 1.25× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1× as wide as long, free apical part about as long as interocular part, apical margin shallowly emarginate and 0.25× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth obtuse and blunt; clypeus in lateral view weakly and evenly convex, shallowly depressed at extreme apex. Vertex 1.4× as long as ocellocular distance, almost flattened and sloping, so that occipital carina is placed below the upper limit of eye. Gena 0.65× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, sharper and shorter on vertex, becoming blunter and much higher on gena, bisinuate on gena. F1 1.45× as long as wide and 1.1× as long as F2, F2–F3 and F9 longer than wide, F4–F8 transverse and becoming progressively shorter; F11 claw-shaped in lateral view, weakly curved and compressed laterolaterally, apex bluntly pointed and reaching base of F9; flagellum slightly expanded from middle of F7 to apex of F9, somewhat clavate. Mesosoma 1.4× as long as wide, parallel-sided. Pronotum with straight and parallel sides, humeri about right-angled; pronotal carina largely incomplete, absent on most of dorsal face and subtle on lateral fourths where the carina continues in an even weaker humeral carina, interrupted below humeri and then very blunt below on lateral faces; dorsal and anterior faces of pronotum not separated in the middle; pretegular carina complete and strong but blunt. Scutellum wider than long with sides slightly converging posteriorly, weakly convex and slightly sloping posteriorly; axillary fossa small and rounded, smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum short and weakly sloping, with a sharp and high bilobate transverse carina. Tegula large and wider than long, campanulate with strongly curved and almost U-shaped outer margin, which is shallowly emarginate anteriorly, outer margin of posterior lobe widely exceeding parategula, apex right-angled and touching apex of parategula; parategula strongly curved and latero-laterally compressed with concave inner face, appearing scythe-shaped with pointed apex in dorsal view. Mesepisternum abruptly angled and separated from epicnemium but without epicnemial carina, posteriorly with a short and sharp irregular carina originating from the produced apex of the epimeron. Propodeum elongate and with a propodeal shelf behind metanotum, shelf slightly longer than metanotum and very shallowly depressed medially, in lateral view forming a perfectly horizontal surface; dorsal faces of propodeum flattened and strongly sloping mediolaterally; lateral faces of propodeum almost flattened, separated from dorsal faces by irregular and blunt lateral carinae; posterior face of propodeum forming a large subtrapezoidal shallow depression, ventromedially with a deep circular pit, posterior face not clearly separated from dorsal faces; submarginal carina of propodeum forming subtriangular flattened projections above valvulae; propodeal valvula incised on upper margin and therefore separated from submarginal carina. T1 subcylindrical, in dorsal view with weakly diverging sides and anteriorly subtruncate, 1.55× as long as apically wide; T 1 in lateral view abruptly raising basally and then almost flattened except for deep preapical furrow, apical margin thickened. T2 wider than long, constricted basally and much wider apically than basally; apical margin of T2 shortly lamellate (lamella not strongly evident as it is pigmented like the preapical area), preceded by a weak thickening of the tergite. T3 preapically thickened and apically shortly lamellate similar to T2. Sides of T1 meeting on ventral face of segment, so that S1 is reduced to a very narrow basal stalk and an apical subtriangular sclerite; surface of S1 with three ridges running from base to apex, one longitudinal on mid-line and two diverging from base and reaching the apical angles of the sternite. S2 very shallowly depressed on basal sloping part; S 2 in lateral view evenly convex from base to apex, much less than T2; apical margin of S2 lamellate like T2, but lamella less markedly separated. Mid femur very shallowly tuberculate at extreme base.</p><p>Frons with dense deep punctures, interspaces narrower than puncture diameter and convex, punctures becoming larger and slightly sparser on vertex; gena with much shallower and smaller punctures, separated by irregular interspaces; clypeus finely micropunctate with few scattered shallow punctures. Mesosoma sculpted similar to frons but punctures larger and interspaces much more densely micropunctate; anterior face of pronotum with smaller and denser punctures leaving two ventral smooth area; lateral faces of pronotum sparsely punctate with few very short striae on ventral corner; metanotum with small punctures, similar to anterior face of pronotum; tegula densely micropunctate and matte anteriorly, posteriorly becoming smooth and shiny, with few fine macropunctures; mesepisternum with flat interspaces becoming wider ventrally, epimeron very coarsely punctate with sharp interspaces; dorsal faces of propodeum with large flat-bottomed polygonal cells separated by sharp ridge-like interspaces, becoming smaller on propodeal shelf; lateral faces of propodeum finely and irregularly microstriate, with very shallow flat-bottomed cells along posterodorsal margin; posterior face of propodeum with irregular transverse ridges and small deep punctures, becoming smooth on ventromedial pit. T1 with oblique flat-bottomed punctures, deeper and larger basally and becoming shallower and smaller apically, interspaces micropunctate, basal sloping part and thickened apical margin impunctate; T2 very densely and coarsely micropunctate, with small macropunctures intermixed, macropunctures little evident and mostly separated by 2–3 puncture diameters, much sparser on basal sloping part, base of apical lamella margined by a series of coarse punctures; T3 with a series of small but coarse and deep punctures bordering the lamellar margin; T4–T7 micropunctate and shagreened; S1 shiny with few deep punctured in the depressed parts of the apical enlarges sclerite; S2 much shinier than T2, micropunctures slightly finer and sparser, macropunctures larger and more evident; S3 with some coarse punctures bordering the lamellar margin; S4–S7 similar to respective tergites but with much finer sculpture. Head and mesosoma with sparse and little evident pubescence, mixed with erect slightly longer setae, pubescence much denser and silvery on clypeus, ocular sinus, gena and mesepisternum; mesepisternum with erect setae much longer and apically bent; propodeum with long and fine setae on posterolateral corners; metasoma with appressed dense pubescence, darker than on mesosoma, longer on T1; all sternites with dense oblique setae, much denser and finer on S3–S6; S7 with scattered longer setae along apical margin.</p><p>Black, with red: most of antenna, posterior margin of pronotum, posterior margin of scutellum, metanotum, tegula, legs starting from coxae, irregular large suffusions on metasoma; following parts pale yellow to bright yellow: clypeus, line on anterior face of scape, basal triangle of mandible, narrow anterior band on pronotum expanding laterally and running on humeral region, posterior band on scutellum, irregular marking covering posterior half of tegula, projections of submarginal carina, line on outer face of tibiae, narrow apical band on T1–T3 and S2–S3 (suffused and irregular in T3 and S3). Wings fusco-hyaline with brown tinge, darker on costal area.</p><p>Female. Excluding the usual sexual dimorphism, the female differs from the male only in clypeus (slightly more convex, with narrower apical margin and deeper punctures) and pattern (entirely red clypeus and scape, hind tibia without yellow line).</p><p>Variability. The male paratype from Andranovelona (CASENT3003747) differs from the holotype in having wider and more vivid yellow markings, and slightly more elongate and narrowly emarginate clypeus. The three female paratypes from Tsimanampetsotsa (CASENT2174927) and Androimpano Forest (CASENT2174977 and CASENT2174985) show generally finer punctures and less developed propodeal shelf in comparison with topotypical female paratypes (CASENT2053883 and CASENT8600824) .</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 64E).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet refers to the enlarged tegulae of this species.</p><p>Genus Delta de Saussure, 1855</p><p>Delta de Saussure, 1855: 130, 132, 143, name for divisions II and III of genus Eumenes Latreille in de Saussure (1852: 44, 60) (26 + 3 species). Type species: Vespa maxillosa DeGeer, 1773 [= Vespa emarginata Linnaeus, 1758], by subsequent designation of Bequaert (1925: 137) [erroneously as Sphex maxillosus DeGeer, 1773, correctly in Bequaert (1926: 487)].</p><p>Erinys Zirngiebl, 1953: 173, subgenus of Eumenes Latreille. Junior homonym of Erinys Rye. Type species: Vespa unguiculata Villers, 1789, by monotypy. Junior subjective synonym of Delta de Saussure, 1855 according to Blüthgen (1961: 214).</p><p>Alfieria Giordani Soika, 1934a: 436, genus. Type species: Eumenes anomalus Zavattari, 1909, by original designation and monotypy. Junior subjective synonym of Delta de Saussure, 1855 according to Hermes et al. (2014: 457).</p><p>Key to the Malagasy species of Delta</p><p>1. Inferior carina of propodeum strong and sharp for a trait much longer than the height of propodeal valvula. T1 strongly widened near middle, sides distinctly diverging in posterior half. S2 with a median longitudinal depression. Wings strongly darkened at least in the basal half (Figs 32A, 33A). Male: F11 distinctly widened in apical half (Figs 32A, 33A); S7 with wide and deep longitudinal furrow, sharply separated from rest of surface..................................................... 2</p><p>- Inferior carina of propodeum sharp for a trait shorter than the height of propodeal valvula. T1 weakly widened near middle, sides sub-parallel in posterior half. S2 evenly convex, not depressed in the middle. Wings entirely hyaline with yellowish tinge (Figs 32B, 33B). Male: F11 not widened in apical half (Figs 32B, 33B); S7 with narrow and shallow longitudinal furrow, not sharply separated from rest of surface..................................................................... 3</p><p>2. Head and mesosoma weakly but distinctly shiny, with sparser punctures; mesoscutum with several impunctate areas in the posterior half; apical half of T1 with marked punctures on sides only, disc with barely perceptible punctures. Wings entirely darkened, with purplish reflections (Fig. 32A)........................................ D. emarginatum (Linnaeus)</p><p>- Head and mesosoma entirely matte, with very dense punctures; mesoscutum without any impunctate area; apical half of T1 with marked punctures both on sides and disc. Wings darkened in the basal half, ivory in the apical half, without any metallic reflection (Fig. 33A)................................................................. D. regina (de Saussure)</p><p>3. Head and mesosoma with very short metallic pubescence and short setae; setae on mesoscutum about as long as one ocellar diameter. Head and mesosoma nearly entirely red, except for black vertex and mesoscutum and yellow line on metanotum; at least T1–2 with apical yellowish line (Fig. 32B). Male: mid femur modified, dorsoventrally depressed................................................................................................... D. guerini (de Saussure)</p><p>- Head and mesosoma with long setae only, which are as long as 2–4 ocellar diameters. Mesosoma black with red markings on pronotum, mesepisternum and propodeum; no yellow markings, except clypeus of male (Fig. 33B). Male: mid femur normal, not depressed.................................................................. D. sakalavum (de Saussure)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFA9FFB4FF0AFBA607A7C1C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA5FFB6FF0AFF7C065EC756.text	190A0E05FFA5FFB6FF0AFF7C065EC756.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Delta emarginatum (Linnaeus 1758)	<div><p>Delta emarginatum (Linnaeus, 1758)</p><p>(Figs 32A, 64F)</p><p>Vespa emarginata Linnaeus, 1758: 574 —“in America” [error] (type lost?).</p><p>Vespa capensis Linnaeus, 1767: 952 —“ ad Cap. b. Spei” (type lost?). Junior subjective synonym of Vespa emarginata Linnaeus, 1758 according to Day (1979: 58).</p><p>Vespa maxillosa DeGeer, 1773: 577, pl. 29 figs 1, 2—“ Surinam ” [error] (NHRS). Junior subjective synonym of Vespa emarginata Linnaeus, 1758 according to Retzius (1783: 63).</p><p>Sphex tinctor Christ, 1791: 311, pl. 31 fig. 1, ♀ —locality not stated (type destroyed). Junior subjective synonym of Vespa emarginata Linnaeus, 1758 according to Schulz (1912: 60).</p><p>Vespa guineensis Fabricius, 1793: 277 —“in Guinea ” (type depository unknown). Junior subjective synonym of Vespa emarginata Linnaeus, 1758 according to Schulz (1912: 87).</p><p>Eumenes savignyi Guérin-Méneville, 1844: 446 —“le Sénégal et l’Égypte” (type depository unknown). Junior subjective synonym of Vespa emarginata Linnaeus, 1758 according to Giordani Soika (1989b: 55).</p><p>Eumenes tinctor ferruginea Magretti, 1884b: 610, ♂, ♀ —locality not stated (type depository unknown). Junior subjective synonym of Vespa emarginata Linnaeus, 1758 according to Carpenter et al. (2010: 104).</p><p>Eumenes erythrospila Cameron, 1910: 175 (key), 178, ♀, ♂ —“ Kilimandjaro: Kibonoto, 1000–1300 m.” (NHRS). Junior subjective synonym of Vespa emarginata Linnaeus, 1758 according to Meade-Waldo (1913: 51).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toliara (de Saussure 1890; Brancsik 1891; Gribodo 1895; von Schulthess 1907, 1919; Giordani Soika 1991a; Borsato 1999) (Fig. 64F). Algeria, Angola, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde Islands, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFA5FFB6FF0AFF7C065EC756	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA4FFB6FF0AFE5D0715C4D2.text	190A0E05FFA4FFB6FF0AFE5D0715C4D2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Delta de Saussure 1855	<div><p>Delta guerini (de Saussure, 1852)</p><p>(Figs 1B, 1G, 32B, 64G)</p><p>Eumenes guerini de Saussure, 1852: 62, ♀ —“ Madagascar ” (MSNG).</p><p>Eumenes pensilis de Saussure, 1890: 155, pl. IV figs 10, 10t, pl. XVII fig. 7, ♀, ♂ —“ Fianarantsoa ” (MHNG). Junior subjective synonym of Eumenes guerini de Saussure, 1852 according to Gusenleitner (2004: 1081).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana *, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara (de Saussure 1852, 1890, 1900; von Schulthess 1907; Giordani Soika 1934b, 1991a; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2004) (Fig. 64G).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFA4FFB6FF0AFE5D0715C4D2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA4FFB6FF0AFA250005C1BB.text	190A0E05FFA4FFB6FF0AFA250005C1BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Delta de Saussure 1855	<div><p>Delta sakalavum (de Saussure, 1900)</p><p>(Figs 33B, 64I)</p><p>Eumenes sakalavus de Saussure, 1900: 235, ♀ —“ Madagascar; Imerina; litus méridionale et occidentale” (MHNG).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa (de Saussure 1900; Nilsson &amp; Rabakonandrianina 1988; Giordani Soika 1991a; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2004) (Fig. 64I).</p><p>Genus Eumenidiopsis Giordani Soika, 1939</p><p>Eumenidiopsis Giordani Soika, 1939: 87, subgenus of Leptomenes Giordani Soika. Type species: Leptomenes subtilis Giordani Soika, 1939, by original designation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFA4FFB6FF0AFA250005C1BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA4FFB6FF0AFCD90101C34E.text	190A0E05FFA4FFB6FF0AFCD90101C34E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Delta regina (de Saussure 1852)	<div><p>Delta regina (de Saussure, 1852)</p><p>(Figs 33A, 64H)</p><p>Eumenes regina de Saussure, 1852: 49, pl. X. figs 8, 8a–b, ♀ —“ Madagascar ” (? MHNG).</p><p>Eumenes kohli Brancsik, 1891: 159, ♀ —“Nossibé” (type depository unknown). Junior subjective synonym of Eumenes regina de Saussure, 1852 according to Bequaert (1918: 281).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa *, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara (de Saussure 1852, 1890; Brancsik 1891; du Buysson 1898; von Schulthess 1907, 1919; Friederichs 1919; Bequaert 1926; Salt 1927; Giordani Soika 1991a; Madl 1995; Borsato 1999) (Fig. 64H).</p><p>Notes. Numerous authors have declined the specific epithet of this species, both in the masculine form reginus when combined with the genus Eumenes (Bequaert 1918, 1926; Salt 1927; Salt &amp; Bequaert 1929; Giordani Soika 1957b), and in the neutral form reginum in combination with Delta (Madl 1995; Carpenter &amp; Madl 2009). In Latin, the word regina can be understood in two ways, either as a feminine noun meaning “queen”, or as the feminine form of the adjective Reginus, meaning “from Reggio”, a city in southern Italy. Since this species comes from Madagascar, it is unlikely that the term regina is intended as an adjective and must therefore be understood as a noun in apposition, thus making Delta regina the correct spelling.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFA4FFB6FF0AFCD90101C34E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA3FFB2FF0AF9F307A7C0BB.text	190A0E05FFA3FFB2FF0AF9F307A7C0BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eumenidiopsis pyriformis Selis 2025	<div><p>Eumenidiopsis pyriformis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 34, 64J)</p><p>Diagnosis. This is the only species of Eumenidiopsis known from Madagascar and is readily distinguished from the continental species by the morphology of the first metasomal segment: T1 pyriform with the apical half being wider and more convex than the basal half (Fig. 34C), the lateral margins of T1 meet ventrally reducing S1 to an apical crescent-shaped sclerite. The sharply separate and basally costulate apical lamella of T2 (Fig. 34B) is observed in the Namibian endemic Eumenidiopsis venustus Gusenleitner, from which E. pyriformis is however differentiated by several characters: narrower and shallower apical emargination of clypeus (Fig. 34A), longitudinal carinae of clypeus slightly converging and reaching apical teeth of clypeus, frons without arcuate carina bordering anterior ocellus (Fig. 34A), pronotal carina weaker and more broadly interrupted (Fig 34D), parategula oblique with subtruncate apex (Fig. 34E), propodeal shelf more shallowly furrowed in the middle (Fig. 34F), pyriform T1 (Fig. 34C), coarser sculpture with more matte interspaces, and pattern (Figs 34A, B).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2153766 // MADAGASCAR: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.81333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.319334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.81333/lat -16.319334)">Majunga</a> / Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N / of Maevatanana on RN 04 / 43m, 24–31Aug 2003 / 16°19.16'S 46°48.80'E / R: Harin’Hala, col. // CASLOT 016553 / malaise in deciduous / forest MA-25-12 // Eumenidiopsis pyriformis / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21751) . PARATYPES: same locality as holotype,</p><p>7–14.IX.2003, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2153710, CASENT2153720); same locality as holotype, 14–22.IX.2003, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153730); same locality as holotype, 22–28.IX.2003, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2153599; MSVI, code CASENT2153597); same locality as holotype, 28.IX–5.X.2003, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT2153660); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.613335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.451167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.613335/lat -15.451167)">Majunga</a>, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451167S 47.613333E, 33 m , 3–10. V .2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin &amp; F. Parker, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2047144); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.613335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.451167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.613335/lat -15.451167)">Majunga</a>, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451167S 47.613333E, 33 m, 5–17. VI .2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin &amp; F. Parker, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2047148); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.613335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.451167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.613335/lat -15.451167)">Majunga</a>, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451167S 47.613333E, 33 m, 8–17.VII.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin &amp; F. Parker, 3♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2047087, CASENT2047089; MSVI, code CASENT2047088) .</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 34B). Body length 6.5 mm; fore wing length 4.5 mm.</p><p>Head as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.15× as wide as long, free apical part very short and 0.25× as long as interocular part, apical margin very shallowly triangularly incised and narrow, 0.15× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth subtriangular and slightly pointing out; clypeus in lateral view almost flattened, very shallowly and evenly convex; clypeus bearing a pair of strong longitudinal carinae originating from apical teeth and almost reaching base of clypeus, weakly diverging above. Vertex 1.8× as long as ocellocular distance, flattened and weakly sloping in lateral view. Head in lateral view short, somewhat flattened; gena 0.6× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and sharp, evenly and weakly curved on gena. F1 as long as wide and 1.1× as long as F2, F2–F9 wider than long and becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.7× as long as wide, elongate and subcylindrical. Pronotum strongly elongate, distance between mesoscutum and pronotal carina almost equal to length of scutellum; sides of pronotum weakly converging and strongly sinuate behind humeri; pronotal carina very low and blunt on dorsal face, medially interrupted by a longitudinal furrow, triangularly and strongly produced laterally on humeri, sharp and strongly oblique on lateral faces; pretegular carina absent; anterior face of pronotum with a median pit. Mesoscutum much longer than wide and with sides almost entirely converging from parategulae to the anterior end; notauli present as a shallow depression covering the median third of the area between the parategulae. Scutellum subquadrate and barely convex from side to side; axillary fossa small and rounded, slightly smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum short and very weakly sloping, forming an even surface with scutellum and propodeum; anterior margin of metanotum weakly raised in a blunt transverse carina. Tegula about as long as wide and with strongly curved outer margin, posterior lobe short and slightly acute with pointed apex, not equaling parategula; parategula large and parallel-sides with convex surface, obliquely truncate at apex. Mesepisternum without epicnemial carina and sutures barely indicated by denser punctures, but not evident; epimeron barely differentiated. Propodeum elongate and with a propodeal shelf behind metanotum, in lateral view forming a flattened surface about as long as the metanotum and then abruptly curving down; dorsal faces of propodeum convex and meeting behind metanotum, forming a propodeal shelf and medially separated only by a fine longitudinal furrow; lateral faces of propodeum flattened and not separated from other faces; posterior face of propodeum forming a deep subtriangular depression below propodeal shelf, mid-line shallowly furrowed except for a short strong carina just above orifice; submarginal carina of propodeum forming a subrectangular and apically truncate lobe, laterolaterally flattened, not fused with valvula. T 1 in dorsal view pyriform and 1.9× as long as apically wide, with convex and converging sides in apical half and parallel-sided in basal half; T 1 in lateral view forming a small basal bump just behind suspensory ligament and then expanded and convex in posterior two-thirds, except for the deep transverse furrow delimiting the apical inflated margin. T2 slightly longer than wide and much wider than T1, sides convex and weakly converging apically; apical margin of T2 with a basally costulate lamella. Sides of T1 meeting on ventral faces of segment, so that S1 is reduced to a subtriangular apical sclerite. S2 with a shallow longitudinal impression on the basal sloping part; S 2 in lateral view strongly convex in basal half; apical margin of S2 similar to T2 but with blunt costulation.</p><p>Frons with small deep punctures separated by about their diameter and densely micropunctate interspaces, punctures becoming progressively larger and denser on vertex, where the interspaces are shiny and with few scattered micropunctures; gena largely impunctate and mirror-like on ventral half; clypeus with few barely visible punctures, surface mostly covered with very fine and irregular longitudinal microstriation. Mesosoma sculpted similar to frons but with larger punctures; pronotum with punctures becoming denser along posterior and anterior margins, anterior face of pronotum with patches of small deep punctures on lateral thirds; mesoscutum, scutellum and mesepisternum more sparsely punctured, most interspaces exceeding one puncture diameter; tegula shiny with sparse micropunctures, parategula smooth and shiny; dorsal faces of propodeum with sparse deep punctures, interspaces shiny and variable in size, but generally much wider than puncture diameter, punctures becoming smaller on posterior depression; lateral faces of propodeum finely striate and with sparse small punctures. T1 with deep oblique punctures, denser and smaller basally and becoming sparser and larger apically, forming a very dense patch on ventrolateral part of tergite but completely disappearing ventrally on mid-line; T2 with punctures similar to apical half of T1, becoming denser and somewhat smaller from base to apex, leaving a short impunctate area before the apical lamella; T3–T6 finely shagreened, with some barely visible indications of punctures; S1 with small punctures along margins and few larger ones on disc; S2 sculpted similar to T2 but punctures larger; S3–S6 similar to respective tergites, but S3 with some very fine but evident punctures. Head and mesosoma covered in very short and erect pubescence, denser and strongly silvery on sides of clypeus, frons, mesepisternum and propodeum; pubescence longer on posterolateral corners of propodeum; metasoma with dust-like appressed pubescence, visible only under incident light.</p><p>Black; following parts yellowish-white: basal transverse spot on clypeus, narrow line on ventral face of scape, transverse spots on pronotal humeri, parategula, regular and narrow apical band on T1–T2, sinuate and laterally interrupted apical band on S2, small apical spot on fore femur, basal markings on tibiae becoming progressively longer from fore to hind-tibia; following parts red: most of mandible, median third of dorsal face and narrow line on posterior margin of pronotum, tegula, large lateral spots on expanded part of T1, suffused line bordering apical white margin of T2; legs, T3–T6 and S3–S6 with irregular orangish markings. Wings hyaline with weak brownish tinge, more evident along costal margin.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Variability. The following variations were observed in the paratypes: broader red pattern on pronotum (up to entirely red pronotum with suffused lateral black spots), tegula with small whitish spot at anterior end, propodeum with variably developed red markings on sides of posterior depression</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga (Fig. 64J).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet refers to the pyriform T1, in contrast to the subcylindrical T1 observed in the continental species of the genus.</p><p>Genus Knemodynerus Blüthgen, 1940</p><p>Knemodynerus Blüthgen, 1940: 43, subgenus of “ Euodynerus Blüthgen ” [= Euodynerus Dalla Torre]. Type species: Odynerus (Lionotus) excellens Pérez, 1907, by original designation.</p><p>Trachyodynerus Giordani Soika, 1989a: 19, 60, genus. Type species: Trachyodynerus dancaliensis Giordani Soika, 1989, by original designation. Junior subjective synonym of Knemodynerus Blüthgen, 1940 according to Gusenleitner (2012: 529).</p><p>Key to the Malagasy species of Knemodynerus</p><p>1. Clypeus finely and sparsely punctate; apical margin of clypeus subtruncate, apical teeth blunt and more or less right-angled (Fig. 35A). Tegula almost entirely impunctate, with few weakly impressed fine punctures. Dorsal faces of propodeum densely and coarsely punctate, almost honeycomb like. T2 and S2 with strongly contrasting apical whitish band (Fig. 35A). Male: F11 large and strongly curved, flattened dorsoventrally and reaching base of F8 (Fig. 35A); fore coxa and trochanter with long wavy setae on ventral face............................................................... K. aequabilis Gusenleitner</p><p>- Clypeus densely and coarsely punctate; apical margin of clypeus emarginate, apical teeth pointed and acute (Fig. 35B). Tegula with deep and deeply impressed coarse punctures on posterior half. Dorsal faces of propodeum less coarsely punctate, interspaces flattened and almost equaling puncture diameter. T2 and S2 with extremely subtle yellowish apical line bordering reflexed lamella (Fig. 35B). Male: F11 small and conical, not reaching base of F9 (Fig. 35B); fore coxa and trochanter without evident setae, only pubescent....................................................... K. pensus (Giordani Soika)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFA3FFB2FF0AF9F307A7C0BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA0FFB2FF0AF931072BC1F1.text	190A0E05FFA0FFB2FF0AF931072BC1F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Knemodynerus aequabilis Gusenleitner. L 1995	<div><p>Knemodynerus aequabilis Gusenleitner, 1995</p><p>(Figs 35A, 64K)</p><p>Knemodynerus aequabilis Gusenleitner, 1995: 203, 211, figs 7–11, ♀, ♂ —“ Madagaskar, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.666668/lat -23.366667)">Tulear</a>, 23°22'S 43°40'E " (holotype female OLML).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa, Toliara (Gusenleitner 1995, 2004; Borsato 1999) (Fig. 64K).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFA0FFB2FF0AF931072BC1F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBFFFACFF0AF9D507A7C3F2.text	190A0E05FFBFFFACFF0AF9D507A7C3F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Knemodynerus pensus (Giordani Soika 1937) Selis 2025	<div><p>Knemodynerus pensus (Giordani Soika, 1937), comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 2G, 2I, 35B, 64L)</p><p>Odynerus pensus Giordani Soika, 1937a: 172, ♂ (in subgenus Rhynchium)—“ Madagascar: Bekily ” (type lost).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana *, Mahajanga *, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1937 a, 1941) (Fig. 64L).</p><p>Notes. The generic attribution of this species has never been studied, with the catalogue of the Malagasy Vespidae by Carpenter &amp; Madl (2009) considering it as incertae sedis. The study of several specimens has highlighted how the species should be attributed to the genus Knemodynerus, in particular because of the tegulae with the strongly developed posterior lobe covering the parategulae (Fig. 2G).</p><p>Genus Leptomenes Giordani Soika, 1939</p><p>Leptomenes Giordani Soika, 1939: 87, genus. Type species: Pachymenes congensis Bequaert, 1918 [= Odynerus eumenoides Smith, 1857], by original designation.</p><p>Key to the Malagasy species of Leptomenes</p><p>1. T1 dorsally humped in lateral view and clearly divided into two faces, reaching its maximum height behind the middle (Fig. 36C). Female: apical teeth of clypeus sharp and long, separated by a deep incision (Fig. 36A).......... L. globosus sp. nov.</p><p>- T1 variably convex in lateral view but not humped, reaching its maximum height before the middle (Figs 37B, 40B). Female: clypeus apically subtruncate or shallowly emarginate, apical teeth rounded and short (Figs 37A; 38A; 39A, B; 40A; 41A).. 2</p><p>2. Tegula strongly campanulate, its outer margin widely concave anteriorly and abruptly bent in the middle (Fig. 37C). Pretegular carina complete and sharp (isolate specimens with irregular carina), clearly delimiting a depressed area in front of tegula. Black with abundant pale yellow markings (Figs 37A, B).......................................... L. multipictus sp. nov.</p><p>- Tegula not to weakly campanulate, its outer margin at most barely concave anteriorly and not abruptly bent in the middle. Pretegular carina variable but never complete and sharp, usually incomplete or blunt if not absent, not delimiting a differentiated area. Darker species with reduced pale markings, or if abundantly marked with pale yellow then also largely marked with bright red................................................................................................. 3</p><p>3. S2 with a deep subtriangular depression with base on the basal margin and apex exceeding the middle of the sternite (Fig. 39D)................................................................................ L. sollicitus sp. nov.</p><p>- S2 at most shallowly concave in the middle of the basal sloping part............................................. 4</p><p>4. Apical area of T2 simple, flattened and without thickened margin (Fig. 41E). Black with well delimited red to orange areas and variably developed yellow markings (Figs 41A, B)............................................. L. tricolor sp. nov.</p><p>- Apical area of T2 shallowly depressed and with thickened apical margin; apical margin in posterior view raised and separated from the apical hyaline margin by a variably developed step................................................... 5</p><p>5. Vertex horizontal, occipital carina placed at the same level of the posterior ocelli. Propodeum more elongate, in lateral view oblique and ending well behind the level of the metanotum; propodeum with sparse and pale but not markedly metallic pubescence. T 1 in dorsal view subtriangular and longer than apically wide (Fig. 39A; less evidently in small males)................................................................................. L. schulthessianus (de Saussure)</p><p>- Vertex sloping behind the middle (behind cephalic foveae in the female), occipital carina placed below level of ocellar triangle. Propodeum shorter, in lateral view nearly vertical and ending little behind the level of the metanotum (Fig. 38B); propodeum with dense and strongly metallic pubescence at least on dorsal and posterior faces (Figs 38D, E; 40D, E). T 1 in dorsal view trapezoidal to nearly semicircular, at most as long as wide (Figs 38F, 40F)........................................ 6</p><p>6. Occipital carina parallel to outer eye margin in dorsal half, then angled near middle of gena and converging with eye margin in ventral half (Fig. 38C). Propodeal pubescence silvery and limited to dorsal and posterior faces (Fig. 38D); lateral faces of propodeum nearly bare, somewhat shiny with small deep punctures (Fig. 38E). T 1 in dorsal view shorter than apically wide; posterior half of T1 with small and shallow rounded punctures, separated by wide shining interspaces (Fig. 38F)................................................................................................ L. ornatus sp. nov.</p><p>- Occipital carina converging with outer eye margin for whole length of gena, somewhat sinuate in the middle (Fig. 40C). Propodeal pubescence golden and extending on lateral faces (Fig. 40D); lateral faces of propodeum pubescent and matte, with larger punctures especially on posterodorsal margin (Fig. 40E). T 1 in dorsal view about as long as wide; posterior half of T1 with large oblique punctures, separated by narrow micropunctate interspaces and partly forming transverse ridges (Fig. 40F)...................................................................................... L. transuo sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFBFFFACFF0AF9D507A7C3F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBEFFAEFF0AF9FE0725C08E.text	190A0E05FFBEFFAEFF0AF9FE0725C08E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptomenes globosus Selis 2025	<div><p>Leptomenes globosus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 36, 64M)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is immediately recognizable from other Malagasy Leptomenes by the globose, short and strongly convex mesosoma (Fig. 36B), and by the humped posterior half of T1 (Fig. 36C).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2218475 // MADAGASCAR: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.665333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.9775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.665333/lat -19.9775)">Tulear</a> / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.665333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.9775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.665333/lat -19.9775)">Beroboka village</a> 45 km NE / Morondava, elev 150 ft / 28 April–6 May 2008 / 19°58.65'S 44°39.92'E // Calif. Acad. of Sciences / coll: M.Irwin, R.Harin’Hala / malaise, Antsarongaza / gallery forest MG-45B-21 // Leptomenes globosus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21752) . PARATYPES: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.903667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4755/lat -22.903667)">Tulear</a>, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903667S 43.475500E, 30 m, 17–27.VII.2003, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8105917); Tulear, 8km vor Sakaraha, Fluss-Tal (Tende), 15–18. V .1997, leg. M. Madl, 1♀ (NHMW) .</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Fig. 36B). Body length 6.5 mm; fore wing length 5.5 mm.</p><p>Head 1.15× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.05× as wide as long, free apical part shorter than interocular part, apical margin deeply emarginate and 0.25× as wide as clypeus, emargination 1.45× as wide as deep, apical teeth triangular and pointed, almost spiniform; clypeus in lateral view weakly and evenly convex.Vertex 1.65× as long as ocellocular distance, weakly convex anteriorly and strongly sloping in posterior third. Gena 0.6× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and shortly lamellate, shorter dorsolaterally on transition from vertex to gena, more or less evenly curved on gena except for shallow sinuosity around middle. F1 2.3× as long as wide and 1.55× as long as F2, F2–F4 longer than wide, F5–F9 subquadrate; F11 claw-shaped, in lateral view with convex dorsal margin, flattened ventral face and somewhat pointed apex, reaching apex of F8, in dorsal view slightly curved outwards; F8 and F9 with tyloids shaped like flattened shiny areas, subtriangular on F8 and covering the whole ventral surface on F9. Mesosoma globose, in dorsal view 1.15× as long as wide and with markedly rounded sides, in lateral view about as high as long. Pronotum with nearly straight but markedly converging sides; pronotal carina complete and sharp, somewhat lamellate on dorsal face, and almost evenly rounded on humeri, in the middle separated from mesoscutum by a length equal to two ocellar diameters; pretegular carina absent. Mesoscutum markedly convex in lateral view, 1.15× as wide as long in dorsal view. Scutellum convex and markedly oblique, posterior margin placed much below level of anterior margin, anterior margin deeply furrowed; axillary fossa large and rounded, somewhat larger than one ocellar diameter. Metanotum nearly vertical and convex, convexity stronger in upper half. Tegula about as long as wide, outer margin strongly but evenly convex, posterior lobe short and acute with pointed apex, not equaling parategula; parategula broad and convex with rounded apex. Mesepisternum convex, separated from epicnemium by a fine and irregular epicnemial carina, barely visible; epimeron not separated from mesepisternum. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum produced in a sharp margin forming a subtriangular lobe directed posterolaterally. Propodeum short and nearly vertical, weakly convex in lateral view; dorsal faces of propodeum weakly convex and nearly vertical, reaching submarginal carina and widely separated below metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, posterodorsally separated from dorsal faces but lateral carinae missing; posterior face of propodeum forming a small and shallow concavity, not clearly separated from dorsal faces, mid-line with very fine longitudinal carina; submarginal carina of propodeum forming a subtriangular lobe, fused with propodeal valvula except for its rounded apex. T 1 in dorsal view somewhat campanulate, with sides more strongly converging in anterior half than posteriorly, longer than apically wide; T 1 in lateral view raising obliquely behind insertion of suspensory ligament and then forming a distinct bulge behind middle, shallowly depressed behind bulge and then thickened at apex. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide with strongly convex sides, wider than T1 and markedly constricted basally; apical margin of T2 with a very narrow translucent margin barely differentiated from preceding surface. S 2 in lateral view evenly and strongly convex, similarly to T2.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep and dense punctures, interspaces very narrow and forming a sharp reticulation on most sclerites; clypeus very densely and finely micropunctate with few scattered barely visible punctures; gena with a longitudinal impunctate area; metanotum with some wide and shiny interspaces on lower half; punctures on mesepisternum larger than on dorsal face of mesosoma; metaepisternum irregularly microsculpted and ridged, with a leathery appearance; dorsal faces of propodeum with even denser punctures and interspaces reduced to very fine and sharp ridges, lateral faces microstriate with sparse deep punctures, mid-line of propodeum with some short transverse ridges. Metasoma with oblique deep punctures, smaller than those on mesosoma; T1 with few scattered punctures on anterior part, posterior part densely punctate with interspaces shiny and about as wide as one puncture diameter; T2 with punctures larger and sparser basally and becoming finer and denser apically, forming a very dense preapical band; T3–T6 with oblique punctures, dense and coarser on T3 and becoming progressively sparser and finer; T7 micropunctate with few barely visible punctures; S1 shagreened with very fine punctures on basal stalk, shiny with deep punctures separated by convex interspaces on enlarged part; S2 similar to T2 but punctures larger and sparser, denser on disc than on margins; S3–S7 similar to respective tergites but punctures sparser. Covered in very short pubescence, pale golden on head and mesosoma and pale brownish on metasoma, denser on head, propodeum and sides of mesosoma; head with short curved setae on frons; metasoma with fine erect setae on most of S1 and S6–S7 and at apex of remaining segments; apical margin of S7 with a sparse brush of yellowish-white setae.</p><p>Black with extensive and not sharply delimited dark-red markings, face paler and becoming ferruginous on lower part and clypeus. Legs black with red tibiae and tarsi. T1 with ivory narrow line covering thickened margin; T2 and S2 with broader and sinuate pale band, ivory suffused with orange basally. Wings fusco-hyaline with brown tinge.</p><p>Female. Larger than male (body length 8.0 mm) and differing as follows: clypeus 1.1× as long as wide, apical margin 0.25× as wide as clypeus and margined by long spiniform teeth, vertex with cephalic foveae touching each other and forming a single fovea not housed in a modified area, mandible strongly elongate and almost as long as longitudinal axis of eye, mesosoma more elongate and 1.2× as long as wide, T1 more elongate and with stronger dorsal hump, clypeus pale yellow on apical half.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 64M).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the globose morphology of the mesosoma of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFBEFFAEFF0AF9FE0725C08E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBCFFABFF0AF8E400D6C3D6.text	190A0E05FFBCFFABFF0AF8E400D6C3D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptomenes multipictus Selis 2025	<div><p>Leptomenes multipictus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 37, 64N)</p><p>Diagnosis. Leptomenes multipictus is readily distinguished from the other Malagasy species of Leptomenes by its strongly campanulate tegula, which has the outer margin widely concave anteriorly and then abruptly bent in the middle (Fig. 37C). It is the only Malagasy species of Leptomenes showing abundant pale-yellow markings on a black background (Figs 37A, B).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2174989 // MADAGASCAR: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.956165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.657833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.956165/lat -24.657833)">Tulear</a> / Androimpano Forest / 3 km E of Itampolo / 26 March–12 April 2009 / 24°39.47'S 43°57.37'E // California Acad of Sciences / coll: M.Irwin, R.Harin’Hala / malaise, path in dry forest / elev 45 m MG-54B-21 // Leptomenes multipictus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21753) . PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 6–13.XI.2008, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2174974); same locality as holotype, 30.VII– 6.VIII.2009, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174986); Toliara, Manderano, 23.527611S 44.088222E, 70 m, 15– 29.V.2002, leg. Frontier Wilderness Project, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2177683); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833S 43.899667E, 45 m, 21–26.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2068978); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.899666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.440832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.899666/lat -23.440832)">Tulear</a>, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833S 43.899667E, 45 m, 29.XI– 3.XII.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2174966); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.899666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.440832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.899666/lat -23.440832)">Tulear</a>, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833S 43.899667E, 45 m, 16–22.XII.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2174898, CASENT2174890; MSVI, code CASENT2174954); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.899666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.440832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.899666/lat -23.440832)">Tulear</a>, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833S 43.899667E, 45 m, 28.I–6.II.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174897); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.899666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.440832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.899666/lat -23.440832)">Tulear</a>,Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833S 43.899667E, 45 m, 20–27.II.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♂ 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2174883, CASENT2174887, CASENT2174888;</p><p>MSVI, code CASENT2174884); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.899666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.440832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.899666/lat -23.440832)">Tulear</a>, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833S 43.899667E, 45 m, 22.IV–2. V.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.899666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.440832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.899666/lat -23.440832)">Harin’Hala</a>, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174960); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833S 43.899667E, 45 m, 15–27. V.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.899666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.440832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.899666/lat -23.440832)">Harin’Hala</a>, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174886); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833S 43.899667E, 45 m, 10–21.VIII.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.626667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.936832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.626667/lat -24.936832)">Harin’Hala</a>, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT2174937); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.626667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.936832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.626667/lat -24.936832)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.626667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.936832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.626667/lat -24.936832)">Andohahela</a> NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626667E, 180 m, 16–17.XII.2002, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.963165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.650333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.963165/lat -24.650333)">Harin’Hala</a>, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2118579); Tulear, Androimpano Forest, 5 km E of Itampolo, 24.650333S 43.963167E, 130 m, 14–21. V.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.963165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.650333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.963165/lat -24.650333)">Harin’Hala</a>, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174992); Tulear, Androimpano Forest, 5 km E of Itampolo, 24.650333S 43.963167E, 130 m, 3–16.VII.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.163&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.587667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.163/lat -25.587667)">Harin’Hala</a>, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2174991); Tulear, Cap Ste Marie Spec. Res., 74 km S of Tsihombe, 25.587667S 45.163000E, 37 m, 10–20.IX.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.163&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.587667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.163/lat -25.587667)">Harin’Hala</a>, 2♂ (CAS, codes CASENT2081332, CASENT2081333); Tulear, Cap Ste Marie Spec. Res., 74 km S of Tsihombe, 25.587667S 45.163000E, 37 m, 20–28.IX.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.7525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.0485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.7525/lat -24.0485)">Harin’Hala</a>, 1♂ (MSVI, code CASENT2081338); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.7525&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.0485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.7525/lat -24.0485)">Tulear</a>, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest plateau, 24.048500S 43.752500E, 150 m, 18.II–11.III.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2174946, CASENT2174947) .</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Fig. 37B). Body length 6.5 mm; fore wing length 5.5 mm.</p><p>Head 1.2× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view as wide as long, free apical part about as long as interocular part, apical margin deeply emarginate and 0.2× as wide as clypeus, emargination 1.5× as wide as deep, apical teeth subtriangular and flattened with rounded apex; clypeus in lateral view barely convex. Vertex 1.5× as long as ocellocular distance, more or less flattened in lateral view. Gena 0.8× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and shortly lamellate, shorter dorsolaterally on transition from vertex to gena, weakly bent around middle on gena. F1 2.0× as long as wide and 1.35× as long as F2, F2–F3 slightly longer than wide, F3–F9 subquadrate; F11 claw-shaped, in lateral view with convex dorsal margin and straight ventral margin and pointed apex, not reaching base of F9, in dorsal view straight; F8 and F9 with tyloids, linear and ridge-like on F8 and subrectangular on F9. Mesosoma weakly elongate, in dorsal view 1.35× as long as wide, in lateral view slightly longer than high. Pronotum with straight and markedly converging sides; pronotal carina complete, very fine on dorsal face of pronotum and becoming higher on humeri, sharp and shortly lamellate on lateral faces, angled on humeri; pretegular carina sharp but not complete, clearly delimiting an apical concave area. Mesoscutum markedly convex in lateral view, with short hints of notauli in front of scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex and oblique, posterior margin placed much below level of anterior margin, anterior margin coarsely crenate; axillary fossa large and elliptical, longer than one ocellar diameter. Metanotum nearly vertical and strongly bulging dorsally. Tegula about as wide as long, anterior half of outer margin deeply and widely emarginate, appearing straight in dorsal view, so that the outer margin of tegula appears abruptly angled in the middle, posterior lobe short and bluntly angled, equaling parategula; parategula large and robust, basally bent and with partly depressed surface. Mesepisternum convex, separated from epicnemium by fine and blunt epicnemial carina; epimeron somewhat bulging ventrally but not clearly separated. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum produced in a sharp margin forming a small, pointed lobe directed posterolaterally. Propodeum short and weakly oblique in lateral view; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly convex, reaching submarginal carina and widely separated below metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, posterodorsally separated from dorsal faces but lateral carinae missing; posterior face of propodeum forming a large and deep depression, clearly but not sharply separated from dorsal faces, mid-line with fine longitudinal carina becoming thicker ventrally; submarginal carina of propodeum forming a long subtriangular lobe, fused with propodeal valvula in basal half, apex pointed and curved dorsolaterally. T 1 in dorsal view broadly subtriangular and anteriorly rounded, with sides markedly converging anteriorly, about as long as apically wide; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex in basal half and then shallowly depressed, apical margin thickened. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide with convex sides, slightly wider than apical width of T1 and basal margin narrower than apical margin; apical margin of T2 preceded by a shallowly depressed area and then shallowly thickened. S 2 in lateral view more weakly and evenly convex than T2.</p><p>Head with oblique punctures on frons, sparse and shallow above antennal insertions and becoming much denser and deeper dorsally, deep and not oblique on vertex; gena with scattered shallow large punctures; clypeus micropunctate in dorsal half and shagreened in ventral half, with few scattered barely visible punctures. Mesosoma similar to vertex but punctures larger, interspaces narrow and convex, shiny with sparse micropunctures; lateral faces of pronotum coarsely striate with few scattered punctures; tegula sparsely micropunctate with few larger punctures; ventral two-thirds of metanotum shiny and almost impunctate; interspaces on mesepisternum reaching one puncture diameter below pleural suture; dorsal faces of propodeum more irregularly punctate, interspaces ridge-like to flattened; metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum irregularly microstriate, leather-like, with few sparse small punctures; posterior depression of propodeum smooth and shiny on lateral fifths and obliquely striate on remaining surface. Metasoma with small deep punctures, smaller than those on mesosoma; T1 sparsely punctate especially on sides, anterior sloping part nearly impunctate; T2 densely punctate, interspaces generally narrower than puncture diameter, very dense and coarse on depressed apical area; T3 punctate similar to T2 but punctures sparser; T4–T6 with punctures progressively finer and sparser; T7 micropunctate; S1 weakly shagreened and finely punctate on basal stalk, shiny with small deep punctures arranged in irregular series on enlarged part; S2 with deep sparse punctures of variable size, interspaces ranging from one to four puncture diameters, denser and coarser apically; S3 with large punctures covering most of its surface except extreme sides; S4–S7 similar to respective tergites but punctures sparser. Covered in short silvery pubescence, spare and darker on dorsal parts of head and mesosoma, denser and brighter on frons, gena, sides of mesosoma and propodeum; frons with sparse short erect setae; pubescence on metasoma shorter and denser than on mesosoma, not markedly metallic.</p><p>Black with the following pale-yellow parts: mandible except margins, clypeus except narrow margins and broad transverse band, spot at bottom of ocular sinus, line on gena behind dorsal lobe of eye, complete and regular band covering the anterior third of pronotum, posterior half of tegula, parategula, small posterolateral spots on scutellum, metanotum except posterior margin, large spot on mesepisternum below tegula, small apical spots on propodeum extending on projections of submarginal carina, laterally expanded apical band on T1, broad and sinuate apical band on T2 extending along lateral margins of tergite, S4–S6 with laterally abbreviated apical band, S2 with a large band similar to T2 but more strongly sinuate, large semicircular spot in middle of S3, small irregular spot in middle of S4, ventroapical spot on mid coxa, most of outer face of fore and mid legs and hind tibia, small apical spot on hind femur. Posterior margin of pronotum and tegula ferruginous-red. Scape and dark parts of legs irregularly marked with ferruginous-brown. Wings fusco-hyaline with brown tinge.</p><p>Female. Differing from male as follows: clypeus 1.15× as long as wide, apical margin 0.2× as wide as clypeus and very shallowly emarginate with broadly rounded apical teeth, vertex 1.4× as long as ocellocular distance, cephalic foveae very close to each other and separated by about their diameter, not housed in a modified area, gena 0.75× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, mesosoma more elongate and with more convex sides, 1.4× as long as wide, T1 more elongate and more clearly subtriangular, punctures of metasoma generally finer and T3 sculpted similar to following tergites, legs with brighter ferruginous markings and less extensive pale-yellow markings, T6 with a central elliptical pale-yellow spot.</p><p>Variability. The paratypes show great variability in the extension of the pale markings, which can be variably extended in comparison with the holotype, in particular the yellow markings of clypeus can be reduced or almost cover the whole clypeus, and the tergites and sternites starting from T3 and S3 can have more or less abundant markings. One male paratype from Cap Ste Marie special reserve has lateral yellow spots on T2.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 64N).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the abundant yellow markings of this species, in opposition to the usually much darker pattern observed in Leptomenes .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFBCFFABFF0AF8E400D6C3D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB9FFA4FF0AF9DC0078C302.text	190A0E05FFB9FFA4FF0AF9DC0078C302.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptomenes ornatus Selis 2025	<div><p>Leptomenes ornatus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 38, 64O)</p><p>Diagnosis. Leptomenes ornatus belongs to the group of Malagasy Leptomenes with the apical area of T2 shallowly depressed with thickened apical margin, in which comes very close to L. transuo due to posteriorly sloping vertex, vertical and metallic pubescent propodeum, and the shortened T1. L. ornatus is readily distinguished from L. transuo by the following characters: occipital carina dorsally parallel to outer eye margin and then angled in the middle (Fig. 38C), propodeal pubescence silvery and not covering the lateral faces (Figs 38D, E), and T1 wider than long with small sparse punctures (Fig. 38F).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2118548 // MADAGASCAR: Toliara Prov / Parc National de Vohibasia, / 44 km NE of Sakaraha / elev 600m Nov 22–30 2010 / 22°40'S 044°50'E // <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.833332/lat -22.666666)">California Acad. of Sciences</a> / colls: M.Irwin, R.Harin’Hala / malaise trap, Ambakaka / gallery/palm forest MG-60-07 // Leptomenes ornatus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21754) . PARATYPES: Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626667E, 180 m, 26.I–5.II.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT2053874; MSVI, code CASENT2053872); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626667E, 180 m, 22–29.VI.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2081396); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626667E, 180 m, 10–20.VII.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2053876); Tulear, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.903667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4755/lat -22.903667)">Mikea Forest</a>, NW of Manombo, 22.903667S 43.475500E, 30 m, 23.IX–3.X.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2053893) .</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Fig. 38B). Body length 7.0 mm; fore wing length 6.0 mm.</p><p>Head 1.25× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1× as wide as long, free apical part about as long as interocular part, apical margin depressed and lamellate, 0.23× as wide as clypeus and emarginate with emargination 3.5× as wide as deep, apical teeth subtriangular and slightly pointed, pointing out; clypeus in lateral view very weakly convex. Vertex 1.5× as long as ocellocular distance, weakly convex anteriorly and sloping in posterior half. Gena 0.7× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and shortly lamellate, higher on vertex than on gena, markedly angled below half on gena, weakly sinuate below. F1 1.85× as long as wide and 1.35× as long as F2, F2–F3 slightly longer than wide, F4–F9 subquadrate; F11 claw-shaped, in lateral view with convex dorsal margin and straight ventral margin, apex pointed and reaching apex of F8, in dorsal view slightly curved outwards; F8 and F9 with tyloids, linear and raised on apical half of F8, parallel-sided and wide on F9. Mesosoma slightly elongate, in dorsal view 1.25× as long as wide and with evenly convex sides, in lateral view longer than high. Pronotum with weakly convex and converging sides; pronotal carina complete and sharp, very shortly lamellate and lower medially than laterally, right-angled but blunt on humeri; pretegular carina indicated by a wide and blunt ridge. Mesoscutum markedly convex in lateral view, slightly wider than long. Scutellum weakly convex and markedly oblique, posterior margin placed much below level of anterior margin, anterior margin deeply furrowed and shallowly crenate; axillary fossa large and rounded, larger than one ocellar diameter. Metanotum nearly vertical and convex, more strongly in dorsal half. Tegula about as long as wide and weakly campanulate, outer margin strongly convex but nearly straight in anterior third, posterior lobe short and pointed, equaling parategula; parategula oblique and weakly convex with rounded apex. Mesepisternum convex, separated from epicnemium but without epicnemial carina; epimeron weakly ridged below but not separated from mesepisternum. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum produced in a sharp margin forming a subtriangular lobe directed posterolaterally. Propodeum short and nearly vertical, barely convex in lateral view; dorsal faces of propodeum weakly convex and nearly vertical, reaching submarginal carina and widely separated below metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum shallowly depressed, posterodorsally separated from dorsal faces but lateral carinae missing; posterior face of propodeum forming a small and shallow depression, not clearly separated from dorsal faces, mid-line with a fine and very irregular longitudinal carina; submarginal carina of propodeum forming a subtriangular lobe, with narrowly subtruncate apex and largely fused with valvula. T 1 in dorsal view subtriangular with rounded anterior margin, sides more or less evenly converging, shorter than apically wide; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex anteriorly and very shallowly depressed posteriorly, apical margin thickened. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide with weakly convex sides, wider than T1 and weakly constricted basally; preapical area of T2 narrowly and shallowly depressed, then apical margin thickened and separated from apical hyaline margin by a sharp step. S 2 in lateral view evenly convex, less than T2.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep punctures, smaller and sparser with interspaces reaching up to one puncture diameter on head, larger and denser with narrow interspaces on mesosoma; clypeus densely micropunctate and shiny, with sparse small punctures separated by several times their diameter; gena becoming more sparsely punctate ventrally; metanotum with scattered punctures and wide shiny interspaces; tegula shiny and micropunctate; interspaces on mesepisternum reaching up to one puncture diameter in width; metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum shiny with very fine and sparse microstriation and micropunctures, lateral faces of propodeum with sparse small deep punctures; dorsal faces of propodeum mostly with sparse small punctures separated by interspaces reaching up to two puncture diameters, only ventrolaterally with dense punctures separated by ridge-like interspaces; posterior face of propodeum with short oblique striation along median carina. Metasoma with small punctures, smaller than those on frons; T1 with punctures larger basally and becoming finer apically, separated by flattened interspaces generally as wide as one puncture diameter and shiny, with indistinct micropunctures; T2 with punctures smaller and denser than on T1, finer and sparser medially and becoming larger and denser laterally and apically, interspaces finely micropunctate and mostly as wide as one puncture diameter, depressed apical part coarsely punctate and with interspaces reduced to ridges; T3–T6 with oblique punctures, denser and deeper on T3 and becoming progressively sparser and shallower on following tergites; T7 micropunctate with few barely visible punctures; S1 barely shagreened and shiny on basal stalk, irregularly and densely punctate on enlarged part, with interspaces reduced to narrow reticulation; S2 with large and deep punctures, sparser and much larger than on T2, interspaces mostly as wide as one puncture diameter, some punctures arranged in transverse series; S 3 in median three-fifths with coarse and deep punctures, interspaces variable and ranging from ridges to flattened area, lateral fifths micropunctate with few sparse punctures; S4–S7 similar to respective tergite but punctures shallower. Covered in very short pubescence, silvery on head and mesosoma except for brassy pubescence on mesoscutum, and brownish on metasoma; pubescence denser on face, gena, mesepisternum and dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum, lateral faces of propodeum sparsely and indistinctly pubescent; frons and mesepisternum with short oblique setae; apical margin of S7 with short and sparse brush of brownish setae.</p><p>Black; following parts red: most of head except dark irregular spots on frons, pronotum, mesoscutum (except median irregular spots), scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum above pleural suture, lateral margins of propodeum from spiracles to submarginal carina, dark and suffused markings on T1–T2 and S2–S3; most of face, T3–T7 and S4–S7 widely marked with ferruginous-orange; following parts pale-yellow (partly passing to orange): clypeus except large median spot, interantennal space and spot above it, bottom ocular sinus, spot on gena behind dorsal lobe of eye, complete and laterally widened anterior band on pronotum, narrow margin on posterior angles of pronotum, tegula except median translucent spot, dorsal half of metanotum, narrow line along thickened margin of T1, narrow and sinuate apical band covering depressed part of T2 and similar band on S2, narrow and suffused apical margins of T3–T6 and S3, small apical spot on fore femur, line on outer face of all tibiae. Wings hyaline with weak brownish tinge.</p><p>Female. Differing from male as follows: clypeus 1.05× as long as wide, apical margin 0.25× as wide as clypeus and barely emarginate with broadly rounded apical teeth, vertex more strongly sloping and with cephalic foveae touching each other and not placed in a differentiated area, mesosoma slightly more elongate and with more convex sides, 1.3× as long as wide, posterior face of propodeum more depressed, T1 less densely punctate and in lateral view more convex, face more darkly marked.</p><p>Variability. The male paratypes show a generally darker pattern in comparison to the holotype, with reduction of the pale pattern on face and larger dark markings on mesoscutum; the male from Mikea Forest has the clypeus entirely ferruginous-red with an apical pale-yellow spots and the legs with very small and irregular pale spots. The females show variation in the extension of the pale-yellow markings on clypeus and legs.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 64O).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective “ ornatus, - a, - um ” (= ornate), in reference to the red pattern ornated with yellow markings.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFB9FFA4FF0AF9DC0078C302	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB6FFA4FF0AFA680182C05C.text	190A0E05FFB6FFA4FF0AFA680182C05C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptomenes schulthessianus (de Saussure 1890)	<div><p>Leptomenes schulthessianus (de Saussure, 1890)</p><p>(Figs 39A, 64P)</p><p>Nortonia schulthessiana de Saussure, 1890: 157, pl. XVII figs 8, 8a, 8c, ♂ —“ Madagascar ” (ETHZ).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga *, Toliara (de Saussure 1890; Kohl 1906; Giordani Soika 1941, 1973, 1977; Gusenleitner 2004) (Fig. 64P).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFB6FFA4FF0AFA680182C05C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB6FFA1FF0AF9290020C5FA.text	190A0E05FFB6FFA1FF0AF9290020C5FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptomenes sollicitus Selis 2025	<div><p>Leptomenes sollicitus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 39B–D, 65A)</p><p>Diagnosis. Leptomenes sollicitus is readily distinguished from all the other Malagasy Leptomenes by the presence of a large and deep subtriangular depression on S2, covering the whole basal margin and exceeding the middle of the sternite (Fig. 39D).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 8105920 // MADAGASCAR: Province / Fianarantsoa, radio tower / 22 km SW of Ilakaka, near / Fianarantsoa / Tulear border / 16–27 February 2002 / 22°46.75'S, 45°1.50'E // coll: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.025&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.779167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.025/lat -22.779167)">California Acad of Sciences</a> / malaise in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.025&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.779167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.025/lat -22.779167)">Uapacca forest</a> / elev 1100 m, MA-02-12-09 // Leptomenes sollicitus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21755) . PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 24.IX.2001 – 16.I.2002, 1♀ (CAS,code CASENT8105871); same locality as holotype, 27.II–6.III.2002, 1♂ (MSVI, code CASENT2081224); Fianarantsoa, near PN d’Isalo, at stream E of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.9325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.966" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.9325/lat -21.966)">Interpretive Center</a>, 22.626667S 45.358167E, 750 m, 5–13.I.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS; code CASENT2153552); Fianarantsoa, 7 km W of Sendrisoa, N of Andringitra NP, 21.966000S 46.932500E, 1465 m, 30.XI–21.XII.2001, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2081267) .</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Fig. 39C). Body length 6.5 mm; fore wing length 5.5 mm.</p><p>Head 1.25× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view about as wide as long, free apical part about as long as interocular part, apical margin emarginate and 0.25× as wide as clypeus, emargination 3.0× as wide as deep, apical teeth broadly subtriangular and apically rounded; clypeus in lateral view weakly convex in basal half and then flattened to apex. Vertex 1.5× as long as ocellocular distance, weakly convex in lateral view and shallowly sloping in posterior third. Gena 0.7× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and shortly lamellate, very fine dorsolaterally on transition from vertex to gena, almost straight on gena except for median sinuosity. F1 1.75× as long as wide and 1.45× as long as F2, F2–F4 slightly longer than wide, F5–F9 subquadrate; F11 claw-shaped, in lateral view with convex dorsal margin and straight ventral margin, apex pointed and reaching basal margin of F9, in dorsal view nearly straight; F8 and F9 with tyloids, very small and point-like on F8, forming a subtriangular plate on F9. Mesosoma weakly elongate, in dorsal view 1.3× as long as wide and with evenly convex sides, in lateral view longer than high. Pronotum with weakly sinuate and converging sides; pronotal carina complete and sharp, shortly lamellate with lamella higher on humeri, obtusely angled on humeri; pretegular carina sharp but incomplete. Mesoscutum convex in lateral view, with very shallow indication of notauli on anterior and posterior margin. Scutellum weakly convex and markedly oblique, posterior margin placed much below level of anterior margin, anterior margin deeply furrowed; axillary fossa large and rounded, larger than one ocellar diameter. Metanotum nearly vertical and weakly convex, anterior margin slightly produced. Tegula about as long as wide, widest in the middle, outer margin strongly convex in the middle, posterior lobe short and pointed, equaling parategula; parategula oblique and weakly curved, apex rounded but narrow. Mesepisternum convex, epicnemial carina sharp and low and developed only below pleural suture; epimeron angularly produced below. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum produced in a sinuate sharp margin, forming a small subtriangular lobe directed posterolaterally. Propodeum short and weakly oblique, evenly and weakly convex in lateral view; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly sloping and evenly weakly convex, reaching submarginal carina and narrowly separated below metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, posterodorsally not sharply separated from dorsal faces and lateral carinae missing; posterior face of propodeum widely and shallowly depressed, not clearly separated from dorsal faces, mid-line with very fine and irregular longitudinal carina; submarginal carina of propodeum forming a subtriangular lobe, mostly fused with propodeal valvula and subtruncate at apex. T 1 in dorsal view semi-elliptical, with sides converging and smoothly passing into rounded anterior margin, shorter than apically wide; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex and reaching maximum height in front of middle, posteriorly with a flattened face, apical margin thickened. T 2 in dorsal view slightly longer than wide with evenly convex sides, markedly wider than T1 and constricted basally; apical margin of T2 simple, shallowly separated from apical hyaline border. S 2 in lateral view oblique and almost flattened except for basal shallow convexity, surface with a subtriangular depression starting from basal margin and exceeding middle.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep flat-bottomed punctures, very dense and interspaces matte and much narrower than puncture diameter; clypeus micropunctate with small deep punctures, separated by about their diameter basally and becoming sparser apically; metanotum shiny and sparsely micropunctate, with irregular transverse series of small deep punctures; tegula sparsely micropunctate, with few coarse punctures medially; mesepisternum with interspaces partly flattened; metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum finely and irregularly striate, with some scattered oblique punctures posteriorly; dorsal faces of propodeum with small flat-bottomed polygonal cells separated by sharp ridge-like interspaces; posterior face of propodeum medially with oblique fine striation and on margins with punctures similar to dorsal faces. Metasoma with deep oblique punctures, much smaller than those on mesosoma and interspaces generally narrower than puncture diameter; anterior sloping part of T1 sparsely punctate; apical margins of T1–T2 and S2 with a narrow impunctate margin; T3–T6 with punctures becoming sparser; T7 densely micropunctate with a central area of barely visible punctures; S1 finely shagreened and shiny on basal stalk, sparsely punctate with interspaces raised in longitudinal ridges on posterior enlarged part; S2 with punctures much larger and sparser than on T2, denser laterally and much sparser on median depression; S3–S7 similar to respective tergites but punctures much sparser and shallower. Covered in very short and pale pubescence with weak metallic reflections, brighter on head and mesosoma and darker on metasoma, denser on frons, gena and sides of mesosoma; very short curved setae on frons and mesepisternum, much longer and fine setae on posterolateral corners of propodeum, S3–S6 with fine erect setae along apical margin; apical margin of S7 with a sparse and short brush of dark setae.</p><p>Black; following parts wine-red: head except irregular dark markings on frons, pronotum, arcuate lines on mesoscutum starting from middle and reaching parategulae laterally, tegula, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum above pleural suture, T1–T2 and S2; following markings whitish: anterior margin of pronotum and metanotum, very narrow apical margin of T1–T2 and S2; metasoma ferruginous-orange starting from T3 and S3; legs blackish-red basally and becoming bright ferruginous on tibiae and tarsi. Wings hyaline with grayish tinge, darker along costal margin.</p><p>Female. Differing from male as follows: clypeus 1.2× as long as wide, apical margin 0.25× as wide as clypeus and shallowly emarginate with short and apically rounded teeth, vertex with cephalic foveae very close to each other and placed in a very small shiny area, mesosoma slightly more elongate, 1.35× as long as wide, metasoma with punctures slightly sparser, S2 with median depression deeper and basal corners more bulging, tegula, parategula and tibiae with whitish markings.</p><p>Variability. One male paratype has small whitish markings on posterior lobe of tegula and on base of mid and hind tibiae; the female paratypes differ from each other in the extension of the whitish lines on tibiae.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa (Fig. 65A).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to another Malagasy Eumeninae, Cyrtolabulus sollicitus, with which the new species forms a mimicry ring.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFB6FFA1FF0AF9290020C5FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB3FFA2FF0AFBF0004DC26A.text	190A0E05FFB3FFA2FF0AFBF0004DC26A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptomenes transuo Selis 2025	<div><p>Leptomenes transuo sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 40, 65B)</p><p>Diagnosis. Leptomenes transuo belongs to the group of Malagasy Leptomenes with the apical area of T2 shallowly depressed with thickened apical margin, in which comes very close to L. ornatus due to posteriorly sloping vertex, vertical and metallic pubescent propodeum, and shortened T1. Leptomenes transuo is readily distinguished from L. ornatus by the following characters: occipital carina evenly converging with outer eye margin for entire length of gena (Fig. 40C), propodeal pubescence golden and covering the lateral faces (Figs 40D, E), and T1 as wide as long with large dense punctures (Fig. 40F).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “CASENT / 2174913 // MADAGASCAR: Tulear / Ambohimahavelona village / 33 km NE of Tulear / 26–31 October 2008 / 23°26.45'S 43°53.98'E // Calif. Acad. of Sciences / coll: M.Irwin, R. Harin’Hala / malaise trap, spiny bush / elev 43 m MG-50A-02 // Leptomenes transuo / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21756). PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174914); same locality as holotype, 29.XI–3.XII.2008, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2174964, CASENT 2174965); same locality as holotype, 16–22.XII.2008, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174953); same locality as holotype, 20–27.II.2009, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2174889); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333S 47.086000E, 1360 m, 9–19.XII.2002, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105881); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333S 47.086000E, 1360 m, 30.III–9.IV.2003, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 8105818); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333S 47.086000E, 1360 m, 16–26.X.2003, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105886); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333S 47.086000E, 1360 m, 22.I–4.II.2004, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 8105892, CASENT 8105894, CASENT 8105898); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333S 47.086000E, 1360 m, 24.III– 8.IV.2004, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 8105964); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333S 47.086000E, 1360 m, 5–19.IX.2004, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 4♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2047116, CASENT 2047118, CASENT 2047120; MSVI, code CASENT 2047113); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333S 47.086000E, 1360 m, 2–14.X.2004, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105963); Toliara, Foret de Mahavelo, Isantoria River, 24.758333S 46.157222E, 110 m, 28.I–1.II.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2146125, CASENT 2146126, CASENT 2146127);Tulear,Andohahela NP,Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626667E, 180 m, 16–17.XII.2002, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2118582); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626667E, 180 m, 26.I–5.II.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS,</p><p>code CASENT2053875); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.626667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.936832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.626667/lat -24.936832)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.626667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.936832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.626667/lat -24.936832)">Andohahela</a> NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626667E, 180 m, 28.III– 8.IV.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2118637); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.626667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.936832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.626667/lat -24.936832)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.626667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.936832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.626667/lat -24.936832)">Andohahela</a> NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626667E, 180 m, 19–30.X.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081438); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.303333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.006666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.303333/lat -25.006666)">Tulear</a>, Berenty Special Res, 8 km NW of Amboasary, 25.006667S 46.303333E, 85 m, 24.III–3.IV.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2153792) .</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Fig. 40B). Body length 7.5 mm; fore wing length 6.0 mm.</p><p>Head 1.25× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view as wide as long, free apical part about as long as interocular part, apical margin sub-triangularly emarginate, 0.25× as wide as clypeus and emargination 2.5× as wide as deep, apical teeth subtriangular and pointed, slightly pointing out; clypeus in lateral view barely convex. Vertex 1.45× as long as ocellocular distance, weakly convex anteriorly and sloping in posterior third. Gena 0.5× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and shortly lamellate, higher on vertex than on gena, evenly converging with outer eye margin and nearly straight except for median sinuation. F1 1.85× as long as wide and 1.4× as long as F2, F2–F5 longer than wide, F6–F9 subquadrate; F11 claw-shaped, in lateral view with convex dorsal margin and weakly concave ventral margin, apex pointed and reaching basal margin of F9, in dorsal view nearly straight; F8 and F9 with tyloids, extremely small and barely visible on F8, short, subtriangular and ill-defined on F9. Mesosoma slightly elongate, in dorsal view 1.25× as long as wide and with evenly convex sides, in lateral view longer than high. Pronotum with straight and converging sides; pronotal carina complete and sharp, shortly lamellate dorsally and slightly higher on humeri than medially, obtusely angled on humeri; pretegular carina indicated by a short and blunt ridge at upper end. Mesoscutum markedly convex in lateral view, wider than long. Scutellum weakly convex and markedly oblique, posterior margin placed much below level of anterior margin, anterior margin deeply furrowed for its whole length; axillary fossa large and rounded, about as large as one ocellus. Metanotum vertical and barely convex, dorsal margin thickened and slightly produced above posterior margin of scutellum. Tegula about as long as wide and weakly campanulate, outer margin strongly convex but straight on anterior third, posterior lobe subtriangular and pointed, equaling parategula; parategula evenly curved and laterolaterally compressed, depressed on medial face. Mesepisternum convex, separated from epicnemium by shallow indication of epicnemial carina; epimeron not clearly separated from rest of mesepisternum. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum produced in a sharp margin forming a subtriangular lobe directed posterolaterally. Propodeum short and nearly vertical, markedly convex in lateral view; dorsal faces of propodeum convex and strongly sloping, reaching submarginal carina and widely separated below metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum very shallowly depressed, posterodorsally separated from dorsal faces by blunt lateral carinae; posterior face of propodeum widely and very shallowly depressed, not clearly separated from dorsal faces, mid-line with a very fine and irregular longitudinal carina visible only at upper and lower ends; submarginal carina of propodeum forming a flattened spine-like lobe, pointed at apex and separated from valvula by a deep incision. T 1 in dorsal view subtrapezoidal with weakly converging sides passing into transverse and convex anterior margin, about as long as apically wide; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex anteriorly and very shallowly depressed behind convexity, apical margin thickened. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide with convex sides, wider than T1 and markedly constricted basally; preapical area of T2 narrowly and shallowly depressed, apical margin thickened and separated from apical hyaline margin by a sharp step. S 2 in lateral view evenly convex, less than T2.</p><p>Frons with small punctures separated by about their diameter, disappearing on interantennal space, becoming larger on ocular sinus; vertex with punctures denser and coarser, partly arranged in irregular series of touching punctures; gena with few scattered punctures; clypeus finely micropunctate and silky shiny, with scattered fine punctures separated by 2–3× their diameter. Mesosoma with punctures much larger than on head, separated by narrow interspaces narrower than puncture diameter; metanotum with punctures smaller and more widely spaced; tegula finely micropunctate and shiny; mesepisternum with punctures larger dorsally and becoming smaller ventrally; metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum irregularly and finely shagreened, with few scattered small punctures; dorsal faces of propodeum with little-evident small punctures; posterior face of propodeum with very short and shallow oblique ridges along mid-line. T1 with large oblique punctures, partly arranged in transverse series anteriorly margined by raised margin, interspaces narrow and micropunctate; T2 basally with punctures similar to T1, punctures becoming smaller and less oblique on disc and apically, interspaces about as wide as puncture diameter, depressed apical part coarsely punctate with interspaces reduced to sharp ridges; T3–T6 with oblique punctures, denser and deeper on T3 and becoming progressively sparser and shallower on following tergites; T7 micropunctate with few barely visible punctures; S1 barely shagreened and silky-shiny on basal stalk, with deep punctures arranged in irregular series on enlarges part; S2 with punctures larger and much sparser than on T2, interspaces as wide as several punctures diameter and very wide on basal sloping part; S 3 in median three-fifths with coarse and deep punctures, interspaces narrower than puncture diameter and shallowly convex, lateral fifths with small punctures in posterolateral corners; S4–S7 similar to respective tergites but punctures much sparser and shallower, little evident. Covered in very short metallic pubescence, silvery on most of body, golden on dorsal sides of mesosoma and whole propodeum; head with short oblique setae; dorsal side of mesosoma with few scattered very short erect setae; propodeum with longer and very fine setae above submarginal carina; apical margin of S3–S6 with erect short setae; apical margin of S7 with short and sparse brush of brownish setae.</p><p>Dark red-brown with irregular blackish areas on sides of mesosoma and base of legs; mandible, clypeus and lower part of face largely ferruginous-orange, but clypeus bordered with pale-yellow; following parts yellowish-white: anterior band on pronotum wider on sides, narrow anterior margin of metanotum, irregular spots on tegula, projection of submarginal carina of propodeum, narrow apical bands on T1, T2 and S2, sinuate on T2 and S2; T3–T7 and S3–S7 ferruginous. Wings hyaline with grayish-brown tinge.</p><p>Female. Differing from male as follows: clypeus as long as wide, apical margin 0.2× as wide as clypeus and shallowly emarginate with broadly rounded apical teeth, vertex more strongly sloping and with cephalic foveae close to each other and placed in a small shiny area, mesosoma slightly more elongate, 1.35× as long as wide, T1 more coarsely and shallowly punctate, propodeal pubescence denser.</p><p>Variability. Specimens from Toliara have the red background and pale markings variably vivid, with a variable extent of the yellowish-white markings on mesosoma. Specimens from Fianarantsoa usually show a much darker pattern, with extensive black areas on head and mesosoma more sharply separated from the red parts and reduced whitish markings on mesosoma, and generally coarser and denser punctures, but the presence of intermediate specimens and the absence of differences in external morphology and male genitalia supports the recognition of the two populations as a single species.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa, Toliara (Fig. 65B).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is a Latin verb meaning “I pierce” and an anagram of the Latin adjective “ ornatus ”, referring to the similarity with Leptomenes ornatus, from which it is differentiated by the larger punctures on T1. It is treated as a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFB3FFA2FF0AFBF0004DC26A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB0FF9EFF0AFB4007A6C418.text	190A0E05FFB0FF9EFF0AFB4007A6C418.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptomenes tricolor Selis 2025	<div><p>Leptomenes tricolor sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 41, 65C)</p><p>Diagnosis. Leptomenes tricolor belongs to the group of Malagasy species with subtriangular and elongate T1 (Fig. 41D), in which is differentiated by the weakly pubescent propodeum (Fig. 41C) and the simple apical margin of T2 (Fig. 41E). It is readily distinguished from the other species of Malagasy Leptomenes by its black and bright-red pattern with abundant pale-yellow markings.</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2046376 // MADAGASCAR: Toliara / Prov., PN de Kirindy Mitea / 20.7km 29°WNW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.121387&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.524166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.121387/lat -23.524166)">Tongobory</a> / 23°31'27"S 44°7'17"E, 75 m / 27 Feb-3 Mar 2002, coll. / Fisher, Griswold et al. // CASLOT 011090 / malaise trap in gallery / forest BLF5849 // Leptomenes tricolor / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21757) . PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 1♂ (MSVI, code CASENT2046377); Antananarivo, Ankokoy Forest, 3 km E of Ibity, 20.067500S 46.999500E, 1700 m, 14–24.XI.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2174931); Toliara, Foret de Mahavelo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.899666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.440832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.899666/lat -23.440832)">Isantoria River</a>, 24.758333S 46.157222E, 110 m, 28.I–1.II.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2146128); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.899666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.440832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.899666/lat -23.440832)">Tulear</a>, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833S 43.899667E, 45 m, 28.I–6.II.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174896) .</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Fig. 41B). Body length 6.5 mm; fore wing length 6.0 mm.</p><p>Head 1.25× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.05× as wide as long, free apical part about as long as interocular part, apical margin deeply emarginate and 0.25× as wide as clypeus, emargination 2.3× as wide as deep, apical teeth triangular and acute with rounded apex; clypeus in lateral view weakly and evenly convex. Vertex 1.3× as long as ocellocular distance, flattened and weakly sloping only along occipital carina. Gena 0.75× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and shortly lamellate, shorter dorsolaterally on transition from vertex to gena, weakly crenate on upper half, oblique and sinuate on gena. F1 1.65× as long as wide and 1.3× as long as F2, F2–F4 slightly longer than wide, F5–F9 subquadrate; F11 claw-shaped, in lateral view with convex dorsal margin and straight ventral margin, apex pointed and not reaching basal margin of F9, straight in dorsal view; F8 and F9 with tyloids, as longitudinal ridge covering apical two-thirds on F8 and subtriangular on F9. Mesosoma weakly elongate, in dorsal view 1.3× as long as wide and with weakly convex sides, in lateral view slightly longer than high. Pronotum with straight and anteriorly converging sides; pronotal carina complete and sharp, forming a short translucent lamella on dorsal face, obtusely angled on humeri, in the middle separated from mesoscutum by a length equal to almost two ocellar diameters; pretegular carina strong but incomplete and blunt. Mesoscutum markedly convex in lateral view, slightly longer than wide. Scutellum very weakly convex and markedly oblique, posterior margin placed much below level of anterior margin, anterior margin deeply furrowed and shallowly crenate; axillary fossa large and rounded, larger than one ocellar diameter. Metanotum nearly vertical and weakly bulging dorsally. Tegula about as long as wide, widest at its middle, outer margin more markedly curved in the middle, posterior lobe short and slightly acute with pointed apex, not equaling parategula; parategula oblique and weakly curved with rounded apex. Mesepisternum convex, with epicnemial carina low and sharp but visible only in lower half; epimeron slightly raised along ventral margin, but not clearly separated from mesepisternum. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum produced in a sharp and sinuate margin forming a subtriangular lobe directed posterolaterally. Propodeum short and weakly oblique, almost straight in lateral view; dorsal faces of propodeum convex and strongly sloping, reaching submarginal carina and widely separated below metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum barely depressed, posterodorsally separated from dorsal faces by very blunt lateral carinae; posterior face of propodeum deeply depressed, clearly but not sharply separated from dorsal faces, mid-line with fine and sharp longitudinal carina; submarginal carina of propodeum forming a subtriangular and apically blunt lobe, fused with propodeal valvula in basal two-thirds. T 1 in dorsal view subtriangular with rounded anterior margin, shorter than apically wide; T 1 in lateral view almost evenly convex except for weakly thickened apical margin. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide with convex sides, wider than T1 and weakly constricted basally; apical margin of T2 shallowly depressed and bearing a very short and crenate translucent margin. S 2 in lateral view oblique and weakly convex, slightly more strongly basally.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep punctures, generally separated by interspaces equal to one puncture diameter, denser on pronotum and mesoscutum, interspaces densely micropunctate; clypeus densely micropunctate with sparse small deep punctures; gena with interspaces reaching up to several puncture diameters in width; lateral faces of pronotum with few transverse striae and small punctures; metanotum with sparse small punctures; tegula shiny and micropunctate; mesepisternum with wider interspaces; metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum shagreened and with few irregular fine striae, with leathery appearance; dorsal faces of propodeum with smaller punctures, very dense and forming an irregular reticulation medially, sparser and with large flattened interspaces laterally; posterior face of propodeum with oblique irregular striation and few scattered punctures. Metasoma with oblique punctures smaller than those on mesosoma; T1 with few scattered punctures on anterior sloping part, densely punctate posteriorly except for smooth thickened apical margin; T2 punctate similar to T1 but smaller punctures, sparser basally and becoming denser apically, depressed apical margin more coarsely and densely punctate except for impunctate apex; T3–T6 with oblique punctures becoming progressively sparser and shallower; T7 finely shagreened with few shallow punctures; S1 smooth on basal stalk, shiny with deep punctures on posterior enlarged part, interspaces forming an elongate reticulation; S2 with deep and sparse punctures, much larger and sparser than on T2; S3 on median third with a patch of large and deep punctures; S4–S7 with punctures much sparser and finer and becoming progressively less evident. Covered in very short and not clearly evident pubescence, brassy on most of body, weakly silvery on clypeus, gena, propodeum and sides of mesosoma; frons and pronotum with some very short erect setae; propodeum with longer fine setae above submarginal carina; apical margin of S7 with some setae not forming a clear brush.</p><p>Black; following parts ferruginous to red: mandible, clypeus, scape, rounded spot above antennal insertions and filling interantennal space, line along eye margin filling ocular sinus and covering whole gena, posterior two-thirds of vertex, pronotum except dark dorsolateral spots, tegula, parategula, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum above pleural furrow, projections of submarginal carina, posterior half of T1, narrow dark border along pale apical band on T2 and S2, apical margins of T3–T6 and S3–S6, legs darker basally and paler apically; following parts pale-yellow: apical third and basal band on clypeus, basal triangle of mandible, middle of interantennal spot, suffuse spot in ocular sinus, regular anterior margin of pronotum, dorsal half of metanotum, subtriangular spot on upper part of mesepisternum, narrow apical bands on T1–T2 and S2, small apicolateral spot on fore femur, line on outer face of tibiae (irregular on hind tibia). Wings fusco-hyaline with strong brown tinge.</p><p>Female. Differing from male as follows: clypeus 1.05× as long as wide, apical margin 0.2× as wide as clypeus and shallowly emarginate with obtuse and apically rounded apical teeth, vertex with cephalic foveae close to each other and placed in a very small shiny depression, mesosoma more elongate and 1.45× as long as wide, legs with reduced pale-yellow markings.</p><p>Variability. The male paratypes differ from the holotype in having the apical margin of T2 not depressed and lacking most of the pale-yellow markings on head and mesosoma, with the paratype from Ankokoy Forest having only a small median spot on pronotum; the same paratype also shows much brighter markings, being more orange rather than red. The two female paratypes differ slightly in the depth of the clypeal emargination and in the extension of the pale-yellow pattern, with the paratype from Ambohimahavelona having narrower and more irregular markings; the female from Isantoria River has the tegula pale-yellow in the posterior half .</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Toliara (Fig. 65C).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the three-color pattern of this species, which is black with red and yellow markings.</p><p>Genus Malagassodynerus Gusenleitner, 1992</p><p>Malagassodynerus Gusenleitner, 1992: 91, 94, genus. Type species: Malagassodynerus scutellatus Gusenleitner, 1992, by original designation.</p><p>Giordania Gusenleitner, 1995: 203, 208, genus. Type species: Odynerus subventricosus Giordani Soika, 1941, by original designation. Syn. nov.</p><p>Notes. Gusenleitner (1995: 208) described the genus Giordania Gusenleitner, 1995 to include two species, with Odynerus subventricosus Giordani Soika, 1941 (Fig. 45E) as the type species, differentiating it from the genus Malagassodynerus Gusenleitner, 1992 based on the absence of the epicnemial carina, the not strongly rounded tegula, the sloping rather than nearly vertical metanotum, and the shape of T1. In addition to the fact that these are all widely variable characters in many genera of Eumeninae, comparison of the photos of the holotype of Malagassodynerus scutellatus (Figs 45A–D), the type species of Malagassodynerus, with other similar species, including both species included in Giordania and other undescribed ones, has however shown that the characters reported by Gusenleitner are inconsistent: the epicnemial carina of M. scutellatus (and of the newly described and closely related M. concolor) is present only as a fold of the surface rather than as a true carina and its development is variable in the other species, the convexity of the outer margin of the tegula is variable and M. scutellatus and O. subventricosus do not show such a marked difference, the inclination of the metanotum varies between the various species and even between the sexes of the same species, showing no appreciable differences between the type species of the two genera, and finally the shape of T1 does not show any evident difference contrary to what has been reported. Given the absence of differences diagnostic enough to consider the two type species as belonging to different genera, Giordania is synonymized under Malagassodynerus . As explained in detail in the dedicated section (see under “The hyalinelamellatus -group”), the second species included in the genus Giordania by Gusenleitner, Giordania nigra, is not transferred to Malagassodynerus but considered as incertae sedis.</p><p>Key to the species of Malagassodynerus</p><p>[Characters of Malagassodynerus scutellatus extracted from Gusenleitner (1992) and pictures of the holotype (Figs 45A–C)]</p><p>1. S 2 in lateral view abruptly truncate basally, conically projecting in the middle of the base. Basal fovea of propodeum V-shaped, divided in two branches by a longitudinal carina starting from its upper end and not reaching the lower end. T1 with broad impunctate area along apical margin.......................................... M. subventricosus (Giordani Soika)</p><p>- S 2 in lateral view evenly convex, not projecting basally. Basal fovea of propodeum slit-like. T1 punctate up to apical margin even if punctures become sparse......................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Clypeus deeply incised, emargination deeper than wide and margined by robust conical teeth (Fig. 43A). Mesepisternum without the slightest trace of epicnemial carina, forming an even and smooth surface with epicnemium (Fig. 43E). Largely marked with yellow on mesosoma and T1 and with green on head, sides of mesosoma and T1 (Figs 43A, B, D). Female: head grossly enlarged, vertex with a large matte area as wide as interocular distance (Fig. 43F) and anteriorly margined by a strong crest (Fig. 43G).................................................................... M. monstruosus sp. nov.</p><p>- Clypeus variably emarginate, but never as above (Figs 42A, 44A, 45C). Mesepisternum at least bluntly angled below epipleural suture, separated from epicnemium (Figs 42C, 44C). Pattern different, if with similar yellow markings then without green tinge ( M. scutellatus, Figs 45A–C). Female: head not grossly modified (female known in M. pulcher only, Figs 44A, 44D)...... 3</p><p>3. Mesepisternum shortly angled below epipleural suture, not abruptly separated from epicnemium (Fig. 44C). Whole body densely punctate, interspaces reduced to very narrow ridges on most of mesosoma (Figs 44B, C). Black with irregular wine-red markings, pale-yellow marked on face, T1–T2 and S2, mesosoma without pale markings (Figs 44A, B).. M. pulcher sp. nov.</p><p>- Mesepisternum with a blunt but distinct epicnemial carina, abruptly separated form epicnemium for its whole length (Fig. 42C). Body more sparsely punctate, most interspaces flattened and not ridge-like (Figs 42B, C; 45B). Entirely dark brown-red or with different bright yellow pattern........................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Mesosoma more elongate and nearly parallel-sided, sides of pronotum weakly converging and straight (Fig. 42A). Anterior margin of pronotum broad V-shaped, humeri projecting anteriorly (Fig. 42D). T 1 in lateral view bulging just behind middle and then shallowly depressed in apical part; apical margin duplicated and shallowly reflexed (Fig. 42E). Entirely dark brown-red, only face of male with pale markings (Figs 42A, B). Male: apical emargination of clypeus shallow, much wider than deep (Fig. 42A)............................................................................... M. concolor sp. nov.</p><p>- Mesosoma less elongate and not parallel-sided, sides of pronotum strongly converging and convex (Fig. 45A). Anterior margin of pronotum straight, humeri not projecting. T 1 in lateral view more or less evenly and weakly convex, not depressed in apical half; apical margin simple with narrow translucent margin (Fig. 45B). Black-brown with extensive yellow markings on face, mesosoma and T1 (Figs 45A, B). Male: apical emargination of clypeus deep, about as wide as deep (Fig. 45C).......................................................................................... M. scutellatus Gusenleitner</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FFB0FF9EFF0AFB4007A6C418	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF8CFF98FF0AFD9606F5C206.text	190A0E05FF8CFF98FF0AFD9606F5C206.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malagassodynerus concolor Selis 2025	<div><p>Malagassodynerus concolor sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 42, 65D)</p><p>Diagnosis. Recognized by the following combination of characters: clypeus broadly and shallowly emarginate (Fig. 42A), mesosoma elongate and almost parallel-sided (Fig. 42A), anterior margin of pronotum broad V-shaped (Fig. 42D), mesepisternum with blunt epicnemial carina abruptly separating it from epicnemium (Fig. 42C), T1 shallowly depressed in apical half and with duplicated margin (Fig. 42E), S2 evenly convex in lateral view, pattern dark brown-red with few pale markings on face of male (Fig. 42A). The morphology of mesosoma, pronotum and T1 allow an immediate identification within Malagassodynerus .</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2081312 // MADAGASCAR: Toliara / Forêt Vohidava 88.9 km N / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.287777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.240557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.287777/lat -24.240557)">Amboasary</a>, 6–8 Dec 2006 / 24°14'26"S 46°17'16"E / Coll: B.L. Fisher et al. // CASLOT 035404 / malaise, 500m / BLF15694 // Malagassodynerus concolor / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21758).</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Fig. 42B). Body length 10.0 mm; fore wing length 9.0 mm.</p><p>Head 1.2× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.05× as wide as long, free apical part about half as long as interocular part, apical margin emarginate and 0.3× as wide as clypeus, emargination 3.2× as wide as deep, apical teeth triangular and pointed with very short and week carinae; clypeus in lateral view evenly and weakly convex. Vertex 2.45× as long as ocellocular distance, almost evenly flattened in lateral view. Gena 0.85× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and sharp, very fine on vertex and becoming progressively stronger on gena, where it is shortly lamellate and thick. F1 1.8× as long as wide and 1.4× as long as F2, F2–F4 slightly longer than wide, F5–F9 subquadrate, F11 finger-shaped, in lateral view evenly and weakly curved and rounded at apex, reaching base of F8, in dorsal view curved outwards, F4–F8 slightly nodose in lateral view. Mesosoma 1.4× as long as wide, almost parallel-sided and weakly converging anteriorly. Pronotum with straight and weakly converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate, becoming very blunt below pronotal fovea, in dorsal view it is broadly V-shaped and projection anteriorly on humeri, in anterior view the carina is emarginated in a V-shape in the middle; pretegular carina well-developed and sharp. Mesoscutum evenly and weakly convex in lateral view. Scutellum very weakly convex but with anterior margin distinctly placed above level of mesoscutum, anterior margin crenulate even if little evident in median third; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as wide as an ocellar diameter. Metanotum strongly sloping, nearly vertical, and evenly convex. Tegula slightly longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe short and right-angled, not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and strongly curved in apical half, shallowly depressed medially. Mesepisternum weakly and dorsoventrally evenly convex, abruptly separated from epicnemium by very blunt epicnemial carina running for most of its length below epipleural suture; epimeron weakly projecting at its lower end. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum produced in a sharp margin slightly lobate at posterior end. Propodeum short, in lateral view falling nearly vertically from posterior margin of metanotum; dorsal faces of propodeum widely separated above and nearly vertical, separated from posterior depression only by a shallow angled and change in sculpture; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, posterodorsally margined by blunt lateral carina markedly separating them from dorsal faces; posterior face of propodeum concave, forming two transverse pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line with short and narrow basal fovea, about one-third as long as median length of metanotum, strongly but bluntly carinate below; submarginal carina of propodeum forming a short rounded lobe at upper end of valvula, with which it is completely fused. T 1 in dorsal view subtriangular, with weakly convex and anteriorly converging sides, about as long as apically wide; T 1 in lateral view raising obliquely behind insertion of suspensory ligament, weakly bulging just behind middle, and then weakly depressed up to shallowly reflexed apical margin; apical margin of T1 thickened and duplicated, with a preapical shallowly reflexed ridge separated from the apical translucent margin by a steep step. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide and with convex sides, distinctly wider than T1 and much wider apically than basally; apical margin of T2 somewhat duplicated, with an extremely shallow preapical ridge. S 2 in lateral view evenly convex.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep punctures, interspaces densely micropunctate and very narrow on frons and about as wide as puncture diameter on mesosoma; clypeus with rounded shallow punctures, interspaces micropunctate and mostly wider than puncture diameter; mesepisternum with wider interspaces and micropunctures less marked; punctures on metanotum smaller and denser; propodeum matte due to shagreen and micropunctures, dorsal faces with punctures similar to metanotum but sparser, posterior face irregularly punctate and shallowly striate, lateral faces with scattered small punctures. Metasoma silky-shiny due to fine shagreen; T1 with very fine and scattered punctures on anterior sloping part, then with deep oblique punctures of variable size and density; T2 with oblique punctures, very fine and sparse basally and becoming progressively larger and denser apically and on sides; T3–T5 with dense and deep punctures, finer basally and coarser apically; T6–T7 with scattered fine punctures, little visible on T7; S1 with sparse deep punctures; S2 similar to T2 but punctures deeper and sparser; S3–S7 with punctures much sparser than on respective tergites. Covered in short pale brown-yellow pubescence, generally short and appressed and visible in incident light, with short erect setae on frons and long fine setae on sides of propodeum; pubescence on propodeum denser and slightly longer, pointing upward on dorsal faces and then curving to point downward on posterior face; pubescence on metasoma dust-like, with short erect setae on T3–T7 and apex of tergites; apical margin of S7 with a dense and regular brush of yellowish-white setae.</p><p>Dark red-brown, brighter on head, mesoscutum, upper plate of mesepisternum, apical tergites and sternites, and legs. Basal triangle of mandible, apical half of clypeus and interantennal space pale yellow. Wings hyaline with very weak yellowish tinge, venations darker at extreme base and apex, very pale in the middle.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 65D).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective “ concolor ” (= of uniform color), in reference to the monochromatic meso- and metasoma, lacking the yellow markings of the similar M. scutellatus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF8CFF98FF0AFD9606F5C206	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF8AFF95FF0AFB6D0153C5DE.text	190A0E05FF8AFF95FF0AFB6D0153C5DE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malagassodynerus monstruosus Selis 2025	<div><p>Malagassodynerus monstruosus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 43, 65E)</p><p>Diagnosis. Recognized by the following combination of characters: clypeus narrowly and deeply incised (Fig. 43A), mesepisternum completely rounded without the slightest hint of epicnemial carina (Fig. 43E), pattern with abundant yellow and green markings (Figs 43A, B; 43D), female head grossly enlarged with a large, modified area covering most of vertex (Fig. 43F). The shape of the clypeus allows an immediate identification within Malagassodynerus . The pattern is very similar to that of M. scutellatus, which is known only from the male holotype, but this species differs from the male of M. monstruosus as follows: apical emargination of clypeus larger and as broad as deep, gena less convex in dorsal view, apical flagellomeres nodose on ventral side, mesepisternum with blunt but distinct epicnemial carina, T 1 in lateral view more convex in the middle, sides of mesosoma and tergites with much denser and deeper punctures, pattern more vividly yellow and without green markings, clypeus with yellow apical half.</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ MADAGASCAR: Amtsora- / nana, Marojejy, 10.5km NW / Manantenina, XI. 6–12.96 / 1,625m, E. Quinter // [QR code] AMNH _ IZC 00445386 // Malagassodynerus monstruosus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC00445386) . PARATYPES: Antsiranana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.741653&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.436656" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.741653/lat -14.436656)">Marojejy</a>, 11 km NW of Manantenina, 14.436656S 49.741655E, 1225 m, 25.X–3.XI.1996, leg. E. Quinter, 1♀ (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC00445385) ; Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, radio tower at forest edge, 21.250853S 47.407155E, 1130 m, 4–12.II.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046458) .</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Fig. 43B). Body length 10.5 mm; fore wing length 10.0 mm.</p><p>Head 1.25× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1× as wide as long, free apical part about half as long as interocular part, apical margin deeply incised and 0.2× as wide as clypeus, incision as wide as deep, apical teeth subtriangular and strongly convex, area above incision with a shallow longitudinal depression; clypeus in lateral view almost flattened, barely convex in basal third. Vertex 1.45× as long as ocellocular distance, shallowly convex in lateral view and sloping posteriorly. Gena 1.2× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus and strongly convex in dorsal view; occipital carina complete and sharp, fine on vertex and becoming stronger on gena, where it is shortly lamellate and curved in ventral half. F1 2.4× as long as wide and 1.5× as long as F2, F2–F8 longer than wide and becoming proportionally shorter, F9 subquadrate, F11 finger-shaped, in lateral view very weakly curved and rounded at apex, reaching middle of F8, in dorsal view straight. Mandible short and robust, with first two tooth subtriangular and separated from broad and short third tooth by a rounded incision. Mesosoma short and robust, 1.3× as long as wide. Pronotum with straight and strongly converging sides; pronotal carina complete, shortly lamellate above and blunt below pronotal fovea, lamellate portion shorter on middle and on humeri, humeri in dorsal view right-angled; pretegular carina well-developed and sharp, replaced by a deep furrow in front of pronotal lobe. Mesoscutum with shallow notauli in posterior half, becoming deeper in front of scutellum. Scutellum distinctly convex with anterior margin slightly bulging, mid-line shallowly impressed, anterior margin strongly and regularly crenulate; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as wide as an ocellar diameter. Metanotum with a very short and irregular horizontal face followed by a much longer vertical face, the two faces are bluntly separated. Tegula slightly longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe very short and obtuse with blunt apex, not equaling parategula; parategula oblique and depressed on inner face. Mesepisternum evenly convex from anterior to posterior margin, smoothly passing into epicnemium due to complete absence of epicnemial carina; epimeron weakly angularly projecting at its lower end. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum produced in a low and blunt ridge. Propodeum short, in lateral view weakly convex and strongly sloping; dorsal faces of propodeum nearly vertical and reaching submarginal carina, not clearly separated from posterior depression; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, separated from dorsal faces in the dorsal half by strong but blunt lateral carinae but smoothly passing into dorsal faces in ventral half; posterior face of propodeum very weakly concave and forming a sinuate surface with dorsal faces, mid-line with short and narrow basal fovea about half as long as median length of metanotum, barely carinate just below fovea; submarginal carina of propodeum complete above orifice but completely and smoothly fused with valvulae. T 1 in dorsal view triangular and subpetiolate, weakly bell-shaped, sides evenly and strongly converging, longer than apically wide; T 1 in lateral view with dorsal margin very weakly raising from suspensory ligament to just behind middle, then flattened; posterior third of T1 with a shallow and wide longitudinal furrow; apical margin of T1 shallowly thickened with a short hyaline apical border. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide, sides convex and evenly diverging, strongly wider than T1 and much wider apically than basally; apical margin of T2 simple. S2 evenly and strongly convex in lateral view; S2 with a shallow longitudinal furrow covering its basal half. Mid femur dorsoventrally flattened, more markedly in basal fourth.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep punctures, interspaces densely micropunctate and shagreened, very matte; clypeus densely micropunctate and shagreened, with scattered fine punctures more visible basally; frons and most of vertex very densely punctured, interspaces reduced to irregular ridges, becoming wider on posterior part of vertex and reaching several puncture diameters on gena; dorsal side of mesosoma with interspaces reaching one puncture diameter; mesepisternum with very scattered punctures, all interspaces equal to several puncture diameters; dorsal faces of propodeum with deep punctures smaller than on mesoscutum, very dense on dorsomedial angle and becoming very sparse laterally; lateral faces of propodeum very finely microstriate with scattered small punctures; posterior face of propodeum with hints of short oblique striation. T1 sparsely micropunctate and weakly shagreened, weakly shiny, with deep oblique punctures denser on sides; T2 densely micropunctate and less shiny that T1, with oblique punctures larger and deeper basally and becoming smaller and shallower apically; T3–T7 densely shagreened and matte with sparse punctures becoming progressively finer; S1 with small deep punctures posteriorly; S2 similar to T2 but punctures deeper and less oblique; S3–S7 similar to respective tergites but punctures less evident. Dorsal side of head and mesosoma with bright golden pubescence, with erect apically bent setae which are longer on frons; clypeus and sides of mesosoma with similar vestiture but much paler; propodeum with longer white pubescence and on sides with long fine setae; tergites with brassy dust-like pubescence, long erect setae on T1 and scattered short oblique setae on T2–T6, T7 with dense erect short setae; S1 with erect fine setae becoming longer posteriorly, S2–S7 with pubescence becoming longer and more erect, the last sternites with dense pads of pubescence, and with oblique to erect setae with bent apex; apical margin of S7 with brush of yellow long setae.</p><p>Black, with dark green tinge on the following parts: most of face, mandible, scape, line along gena, around yellow markings of pronotum, in middle of mesoscutum, margins of metanotum, legs from middle of femora; pronotum, scutellum and metanotum almost entirely bright yellow; margins of T1 and most of S1 with bright yellowish-green markings. Wings hyaline with orange tinge.</p><p>Female (Fig. 43D). Larger than male (body length 12.5–13.0mm) and differing as follows: head grossly enlarged and wider than mesosoma, in frontal view genae exceeding outer margin of eyes and vertex angularly projecting just behind ocelli; clypeus more narrowly incised and with coarser punctures; mandible large and robust with regular dentation, gena 1.8× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus and strongly convex, in dorsal view 1.65× as long as dorsal lobe of eye; vertex 2.25× as long as ocellocular distance, almost entirely covered by a raised modified area which is matte, impunctate and covered in dense long setae, anterior margin of modified area raised in a strong transverse ridge; scutellum less convex; metanotum more distinctly produced at anterior margin; lateral carinae of propodeum less developed to nearly absent; pubescence generally shorter; pronotum, scutellum and metanotum more largely yellow, green tinge brighter.</p><p>Variability. The female paratype from Marojejy matches with the holotype in most characters, excluding those reported above and relatable to sexual dimorphism and in having a suffused dark orange marking in the middle of the apical margins of T2 and T3. The female paratype from Ranomafana differs from the other female in having denser punctures on the metasoma, the modified area on vertex is black (dark red in the female from Marojejy) and the markings on propodeum and T1 are much more extensive. These differences are here considered as simple intraspecific variability, since the two females match in all other characters.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa (Fig. 65E).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective “ monstruosus, - a, - um ” (= strange, monstrous), in reference to the monstrous appearance of the head of this species.</p><p>Notes. The male holotype presents a peculiar morphology of clypeus and mandible (Fig. 43C), normally observed in the males of many genera or subgenera of Eumeninae but also in the rare aberrant specimens defined as oplomerocephalic (Blüthgen 1958). In this case the morphology of the clypeus of the male is substantially identical to that of the two female paratypes, indicating that it could also be the normal morphology of the male. The examination of more material will allow clarification of whether Malagassodynerus monstruosus normally presents this morphology or if the holotype is an oplomerocephalic male.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF8AFF95FF0AFB6D0153C5DE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF87FF96FF0AFBD500E8C6CA.text	190A0E05FF87FF96FF0AFBD500E8C6CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malagassodynerus pulcher Selis 2025	<div><p>Malagassodynerus pulcher sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 2E, 2J, 44, 65F)</p><p>Diagnosis. Recognized by the following combination of characters: apical margin of clypeus very narrowly truncate (Fig. 44A), mesosoma elongate with sides converging anteriorly and posteriorly (Fig. 44A), mesepisternum without a distinct epicnemial carina but angled below epipleural suture (Fig. 44C), S 2 in lateral view more strongly convex basally (Fig. 44E), sculpture made of dense and deep punctures with most interspaces reduced to narrow ridges (Fig. 44C), female head not grossly modified and with cephalic foveae placed in a flattened undifferentiated area (Fig. 44D), pattern black and wine-red with extensive pale-yellow markings on face and first two segments of metasoma (Figs 44A, B).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2081299 // MADAGASCAR: Prov. / Antananarivo, 46 km NE of / Ankazobe: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.2815&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.2815/lat -18.198)">Ambohitantely</a> / 7–22 Dec 2004, 700 m / 18°11.88'S 47°16.89'E / colls: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 035371 / malaise, in sclerophyll / forest MA-27-23 // Malagassodynerus pulcher / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21759) . PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 3♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2081301, CASENT2081302; MSVI, code CASENT2081300); same locality as holotype, 22–29.XI.2003, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081279; MSVI, code CASENT2081276); same locality as holotype, 15.X–1.XI.2004, 3♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2081285, CASENT2081291; MSVI, code CASENT2081292) .</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 44B). Body length 11.5 mm; fore wing length 11.5 mm.</p><p>Head 1.2× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1× as wide as long, free apical part shorter than interocular part, apical margin subtruncate and very narrow, 0.17× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth only indicated by an extremely short carina, otherwise completely fused with a translucent margin bordering the whole free apical part, translucent margin thickened and reflexed in basal two-fifths of lateral margins; clypeus in lateral view barely convex with shallowly depressed preapical area. Vertex 2.0× as long as ocellocular distance, very weakly convex in lateral view and sloping in posterior half; distance between cephalic foveae slightly wider than one ocellar diameter, foveae placed in an impunctate but otherwise not defined area slightly wider than the distance between posterior ocelli. Gena as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and sharp, very fine on vertex and becoming stronger on gena, where it is shortly lamellate and thick and forms a rounded angle in lower third. F1 1.8× as long as wide and 1.4× as long as F2, F2–F4 longer than wide, F5–F9 subquadrate. Mesosoma 1.3× as long as wide. Pronotum with straight and converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate, almost disappearing in the middle and becoming blunt below pronotal fovea; pretegular carina complete but irregular and blunt. Mesoscutum with notauli visible as very shallow impressions at anterior and posterior ends. Scutellum weakly convex but anteriorly raised and placed above level of mesoscutum, anterior margin crenulate; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as wide as an ocellar diameter. Metanotum almost vertical and very weakly convex, anterior margin sharp and in touch with scutellum for whole width. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly and weakly convex, posterior lobe short and right-angled with pointed apex, not equaling parategula; parategula evenly curved and narrow, with depressed inner margin. Mesepisternum abruptly separated from epicnemium, epicnemial carina not developed but indicated by an angle of the surface below epipleural suture; epimeron shallowly produced at its lower end. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum in a subtriangular shelf ending in a tubercle at its posterior end. Propodeum short and weakly convex in lateral view, falling almost vertically below posterior margin of metanotum; dorsal faces of propodeum widely separated behind metanotum and falling vertically, smoothly passing into posterior face; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, smoothly passing into dorsal faces in lower half and separated in dorsal half, but lateral carinae completely absent; posterior face of propodeum elongate and shallowly depressed, mid-line with short and narrow basal fovea about half as long as median length of metanotum, strongly and sharply carinate below; submarginal carina of propodeum produced at sides but smoothly passing into valvula. T 1 in dorsal view subtriangular with strongly convex sides, about as long as apically wide; T 1 in lateral view rising obliquely in anterior half, then flattened, almost forming two faces that smoothly pass into each other; apical margin of T1 simple, with a very narrow translucent border. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide and with convex sides, wider than T1 and slightly wider apically than basally; apical margin of T2 with narrow and indistinct translucent border. S 2 in lateral view more convex in basal half than apically, anteriorly with a semicircular flattened and sloping area that bears a very shallow median furrow.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep and dense punctures, larger on mesosoma, interspaces narrower than punctures and forming a network of ridges; clypeus with sparse punctures becoming deeper and more evident basally, almost impunctate at apical margin; tegula densely micropunctate with scattered deep punctures on inner margin and posterior lobe; lower plate of metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum with deep small punctures arranged in irregular series, punctures of the same series often partially fused; posterior face of propodeum with shallow indications of oblique striae mixed with punctures, impunctate and shagreened along median carina. Metasoma with smaller punctures; T1 almost impunctate on anterior sloping part, then punctures becoming larger and denser apically, lateral margins with much smaller punctures; T2 with punctures similar to T1 but more oblique, widely spaced in middle of base and becoming denser apically and laterally, leaving a very short impunctate apical margin; T3–T5 with small deep punctures, finer basally and becoming coarser apically; T6 micropunctate with scattered shallow punctures; S1 with irregular deep punctures; S2–S5 similar to respective tergites but punctures sparser, on S2 slightly larger; S6 more distinctly micropunctate than T6. Covered in very short and pale pubescence, dense but nor clearly visible due to its shortness, brownish on dorsal parts of head and mesosoma; frons and dorsal sides of mesosoma with long erect setae bent at apex; clypeus with ventrally pointing long and curved setae; sides of mesosoma and propodeum with long straight setae, much longer and denser on propodeum; metasoma with dust-like light brassy pubescence and erect white setae, longer on T1 and very short on T2–T6, on sternites similar to respective tergites but longer and much denser.</p><p>Black; following parts dark-red: suffused band along inner eye margin and passing onto ocellar region and cephalic foveae, most of gena, most of pronotum except ventral corners, scutellum except anterior margin, posterior half of metanotum, tegula, rounded spot on mesepisternum below pronotal lobe, tibiae and tarsi, sides and posterior half of T1, base of T2, most of T3–T6 and S3–S6; following parts ivory-yellow: medial half of mandible, clypeus, interantennal space, antennocular space, bisinuate and laterally expanded apical band on T1, irregular and laterally expanded band covering almost the apical half of T2, small median spot on T3, S2 except basal sloping area. Wings hyaline with orange tinge, almost amber-like.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Variability. The pattern of this species is remarkably constant, with only the apical bands of T1–T2 and S2 varying in width, with the holotype being the more richly marked specimen examined. The clypeus can be spotted with dark-red at base, the spot ranging from a small dot to a transverse spot as wide as the interantennal space. Only one paratype has red markings distributed as in the holotype but brighter.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo (Fig. 65F).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective “ pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum ” (= beautiful), in references to the peculiar and beautiful pattern of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF87FF96FF0AFBD500E8C6CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF83FF91FF0AFF7C03DAC40A.text	190A0E05FF83FF91FF0AFF7C03DAC40A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malagassodynerus scutellatus Gusenleitner. H 1992	<div><p>Malagassodynerus scutellatus Gusenleitner, 1992</p><p>(Figs 45A–D, 65G)</p><p>Malagassodynerus scutellatus Gusenleitner, 1992: 91, 94, figs 3, 4, ♂ —“ Madagascar: Perinet ” (CAS).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ MADAGASCAR: / Perinet / XI-7-1959 // E. S. Ross / Collector // Holotypus [red label] // Malagassodynerus ♂ / scutellatus nov.sp. / J.Gusenleitner,det.1992 // California Academy / of Sciences / Type No. 16820” (CAS, code CASTYPE16820).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toamasina (Gusenleitner 1992) (Fig. 65G).</p><p>Notes. No specimens were available for direct examination and photography, so it was not possible to produce a standard plate as done for other species. Images of the holotype were provided by Denise Montelongo (CAS) and are presented in Figs 45A–D .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF83FF91FF0AFF7C03DAC40A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF83FF90FF0AFD6207A7C2FE.text	190A0E05FF83FF90FF0AFD6207A7C2FE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malagassodynerus subventricosus (Giordani Soika 1941) Selis 2025	<div><p>Malagassodynerus subventricosus (Giordani Soika, 1941), comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 45E, 65H)</p><p>Odynerus subventricosus Giordani Soika, 1941: 177, fig. 10-5, ♀, ♂ —“Tsingoarivo” (type lost).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa (Giordani Soika 1941, 1973; Gusenleitner 1995, 2000) (Fig. 65H).</p><p>Genus Malgachemenes Gusenleitner, 1992, stat. resurr.</p><p>Malgachemenes Gusenleitner, 1992: 91, genus. Type species: Malgachemenes angustus Gusenleitner, 1992, by original designation and monotypy.</p><p>Notes. Selis (2023) synonymized Malgachemenes under Leptomenes based on photos of the holotype of Malgachemenes angustus, although noting that the absence of a pointed submarginal carina was an aberrant character for Leptomenes . Direct examination of several specimens of M. angustus and of the other species described below showed how this synonymy is in fact wrong, as the apical lamella of T2, which is always absent in Leptomenes, is in fact present in Malgachemenes but usually reduced to short lateral flaps or not sharply separated from the rest of the tergite, and all species of Malgachemenes have at least T3–T4 armed with lamellar flaps along the lateral margins (weakly evident in M. divinus), a character never observed in Leptomenes . In addition to this, all species of Malgachemenes have the inner lamella of scutellar crest broad and covering almost the entire axillary fossa, leaving only a very small elliptical opening, while in all Leptomenes the inner lamella is narrow, leaving a large circular opening of the axillary fossa. For these reasons, Malgachemenes is withdrawn from synonymy and reestablished as a distinct genus.</p><p>Key to the species of Malgachemenes</p><p>1. Submarginal carina of propodeum forming a sharply pointed lobe fused with propodeal valvula (Fig. 46C). T1 transversely carinate at base; carina sharply separating a very short basal vertical face and a long posterior horizontal face (Fig. 46D). T2–T3 with complete and regular long lamella apically (Fig. 46E). S2 shallowly depressed on disc, therefore shallowly bulging basally in lateral view. Female: cephalic foveae large and deep (Figs 46F, G)............................ M. aberrans sp. nov.</p><p>- Submarginal carina of propodeum either not lobate or forming a short, rounded lobe. T1 not carinate at base (Figs 47C, 50C, 51C). T2 with apical lamella variable, ranging from barely developed to present but laterally expanded, but never long and regular (Figs 47E, 50E, 51C); T3 with lamella always reduced to lateral lobes and absent in the middle (Figs 47E, 49E, 50E). S2 not depressed on disc, evenly convex in lateral view. Female: cephalic foveae very fine, much smaller than surrounding punctures and not evident............................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Apical margin of clypeus shallowly but distinctly convex, with very obtuse apical corners; clypeus tricarinate, with lateral carinae running from apical corners to the basal fourth of the surface and a short median carina in continuation with the interantennal carina (Fig. 49C). Apical lamella of T2 barely developed, about as long as the fine punctures bordering its base. Extreme sides of T3–T4 with blunt oblique ridges only, not forming lobes (Fig. 49E). Green and yellow with reduced black areas (Figs 49A, B). Female: cephalic foveae separated by several times their diameter, placed in a raised and micropunctate subrectangular area wider than ocellar triangle (Fig. 49D)...................................... M. divinus sp. nov.</p><p>- Apical margin of clypeus subtruncate or shallowly emarginate, with right-angled or acute apical corners; clypeus not carinate or with lateral carinae only (Figs 47A, 48A, 50A, 51A). Apical lamella of T2 variably developed, but not as above (Fig. 47E, 50E). At least extreme sides of T3–T4 with well-developed lamellar lobes forming translucent flaps. Black and/or red, with yellow or white markings (Figs 47A, B; 48A, B; 50A, B; 51A, B). Female: cephalic foveae touching each other and separated by a very narrow ridge, placed in a barely differentiated area smaller than one ocellus............................... 3</p><p>3. More compact appearance, mesosoma 1.3–1.4× as long as wide and T 1 in dorsal view wider than long (Figs 47A, 50A). Propodeum not extended posteriorly, appearing shorter than metanotum when mesosoma is seen from above. Mostly black with pale yellow to white markings, with dark red markings in M. levigatus ........................................... 4</p><p>- Slenderer appearance, mesosoma 1.55–1.7× as long as wide and T 1 in dorsal view longer than wide (Figs 48A, 51A). Propodeum extended posteriorly, appearing longer than metanotum when mesosoma is seen from above (Fig. 48C, 51E). Almost entirely bright red with pale yellow markings...................................................................... 5</p><p>4. Outer margin of tegula somewhat concave anteriorly, maximum width of tegula in anterior half (Fig. 47D). Apical hyaline lamella of T1 shorter, at most as long as one ocellar diameter (Fig. 47C). Apical margin of T2 translucent but not forming a lamella, flattened and not separated from rest of tergite, with lateral flaps only (Fig. 47E). Punctures on head and mesosoma smaller and denser, interspaces generally shorter than punctures diameter; metasoma with even smaller punctures, especially fine and dense on T2 (Fig. 47C). Male: clypeus slightly wider than high, free apical part barely shorter than basal part (Fig. 47A); F11 slenderer and longer, reaching base of F9 (Fig. 47A).................................. M. albellus sp. nov.</p><p>- Outer margin of tegula evenly rounded, maximum width of tegula in the middle (Fig. 50D). Apical hyaline lamella of T1 longer, almost as long as two ocellar diameters (Fig. 50C). Apical margin of T2 with sharply reflexed and almost vertical translucent lamella, laterally expanded in lamellar lobes (Fig. 50E). Punctures on head and mesosoma larger and sparser, interspaces variable but mostly as wide as or wider than punctures diameter; T1–T2 with very shallow and sparse punctures, barely visible and separated by several times their diameter on T2 (Fig. 50C). Male: clypeus higher than wide, free apical part much shorter than basal part (Fig. 50A); F11 thicker and shorter, not reaching base of F9 (Fig. 50A).............. M. levigatus sp. nov.</p><p>5. Apical corners of clypeus not carinate (Fig. 48A). Anterior face of pronotum not foveate. Propodeum placed below level of metanotum and entirely sloping, metanotum oblique (Fig. 48C). Apical hyaline lamella of T1 shorter, at most as long as one ocellar diameter. T2 with very fine and shallow punctures separated by several times their diameter. Male: clypeus about as high as wide, impunctate (Fig. 48A); F11 thin and claw-shaped, apically pointed (Fig. 48A). Female: clypeus densely micropunctate and almost matte, punctures very fine and shallow, apical margin shallowly emarginate (Fig. 48A). M. angustus Gusenleitner</p><p>- Apical corners of clypeus with blunt carinae reaching up to middle of clypeus (Fig. 51A). Anterior face of pronotum with a rounded fovea in the middle (Fig. 51D). Propodeum basally raised almost to level of metanotum and forming a short and rounded propodeal shelf, metanotum almost horizontal (Fig. 51E). Apical hyaline lamella of T1 longer, longer than one ocellar diameter (Fig. 51C). T2 with fine but deep punctures separated by at most 1–2 times their diameter (Fig. 51C). Male: clypeus higher than wide, with sparse punctures (Fig. 51A); F11 thick and finger-shaped, apically rounded (Fig. 51A). Female: clypeus sparsely micropunctate and shiny, punctures large and deep, apical margin subtruncate (Fig. 51A)...... M. lobatus sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF83FF90FF0AFD6207A7C2FE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF82FF8DFF0AFAF40702C7E2.text	190A0E05FF82FF8DFF0AFAF40702C7E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malgachemenes aberrans Selis 2025	<div><p>Malgachemenes aberrans sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 46, 65I)</p><p>Diagnosis. Malgachemenes aberrans is readily differentiated from the other species of Malgachemenes by the following characters: submarginal carina of propodeum developed in a sharply pointed lobe fused with propodeal valvula (Fig. 46C), basally carinate T1 (Fig. 46D), T2–T3 with regular long lamella not reduced to lateral flaps (Fig. 46E), T3–T5 with deep transverse furrow running in the area covered by previous tergite, S2 shallowly depressed on disc, and large cephalic foveae (Figs 46F, G).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2081403 // MADAGASCAR: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.81333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.319334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.81333/lat -16.319334)">Majunga</a> / Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N / of Maevatanana on RN 04 / 43m, 19–26 Oct 2003 / 16°19.16'S " 46°48.80'E / R. Harin’Hala, col. // CASLOT 016560 / malaise in deciduous / forest MA-25-20 // Malgachemenes aberrans / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21760) . PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 24–31.VIII.2003, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT2153771); same locality as holotype, 28.IX–5.X.2003, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153675) .</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 46B). Body length 7.5 mm; fore wing length 6.0 mm.</p><p>Head as wide as high and with vertex visible in frontal view. Clypeus in frontal view 1.05× as wide as long, apical margin shallowly emarginate and 0.28× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth obtuse; clypeus in lateral view weakly convex in basal half, then flattened to apex. Vertex 1.75× as long as ocellocular distance, distinctly swollen in lateral view; cephalic foveae large and deep, separated by about their diameter and posteriorly margined by a blunt ridge. Gena 0.6× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, stronger on gena and markedly angled in the lower half of gena; area below occipital carina on vertex developing a long vertical face ventrally margined by a second carina, distance between carinae higher than one ocellar diameter. Flagellum short and apically thickened, F1 1.35× as long as wide and 1.4× as long as F2, following flagellomeres becoming progressively shorter and wider. Mesosoma 1.65× as long as wide and almost parallel-sided in dorsal view, subcylindrical, in lateral view forming an evenly flattened surface from pronotum to propodeal shelf. Pronotum with weakly convex and slightly converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, with lamella slightly longer on humeri than medially, lateral portions strongly anteroposteriorly oblique, sinuate below pronotal fovea; pretegular carina absent. Mesoscutum longer than wide, posterior margin with hints of notauli partly concealed by the sculpture. Scutellum almost twice as wide as long, weakly convex laterolaterally, anterior margin shallowly crenulate; axillary fossa small and circular, about half as large as anterior ocellus. Metanotum entirely flattened with medially produced posterior margin. Tegula short with broadly rounded outer margin, posterior lobe obtusely angled and blunt, not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and barely curved. Mesepisternum forming an evenly curved surface in continuity with pronotum and mesosternum, slightly bulging along posterior margin; epicnemial carina absent, replaced by a very shallow fold of the surface, visible only under incident light. Propodeum elongate, longer than metanotum in dorsal view, sides weakly converging in anterior half, then strongly converging behind posterolateral angles of propodeum; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly sloping mediolaterally and meeting for a short length behind metanotum, forming a rudimentary propodeal shelf that smoothly passes into the posterior concavity; lateral faces of propodeum shallowly concave, dorsally margined by very blunt lateral carinae; posterior face of propodeum flattened and vertical in dorsal half, then forming two deep pits just above propodeal orifice, pits separated by a strong but blunt longitudinal carina; submarginal carina of propodeum developed in a pointed and slightly upturned lobe fused with propodeal valvula. T 1 in dorsal view bell-shaped and slightly longer than apically wide; anterior margin transversely carinate, carina strong dorsally and weakly curved toward spiracles but not reaching them, carina separating a very short vertical anterior face and a much longer horizontal posterior face, horizontal face evenly convex in lateral view; apical margin of T1 with a thick and long translucent lamella, partly continuing on lateral margins; sides of T1 meeting ventrally on basal stalk. T2 elongate and with strongly convex sides, apically much wider than T1; apical margin of T2 with a thick and regular yellow-translucent lamella, about twice as long as apical lamella of T1. T3 apically lamellate like T2, but lamella shorter and laterally forming thick lamellar flaps adjacent to the surface of the tergite, anterior extremity of the flaps continuing in a thick transverse carina hidden under previous tergite, transverse carina anteriorly bordering a deep and coarsely punctate, medially interrupted transverse furrow. T4–T5 with lateral lamellar flaps and basal transverse furrow similar to T3, but apical margin not lamellate. S2 with shallowly concave disc, in lateral view with a shallow bulge delimiting an anterior sloping face and a posterior concave face; apical margins of S2–S5 with ill-defined apical translucent margin.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with coarse deep punctures, interspaces mostly reduced to ridges much narrower than puncture diameter; clypeus more sparsely and finely punctured, interspaces at least as wide as puncture diameter and shiny, sparsely micropunctate; punctures becoming progressively sparser ventrally on gena; anterior face of pronotum smooth and very shiny, with some deep punctures on lateral thirds; mesepisternum with larger and sparser punctures, interspaces reaching one puncture diameter in width; lateral faces of propodeum with sparse deep punctures; posterior concavity of propodeum with transverse striae in the ventral pits; tegula mostly smooth, with fine deep punctures on anterior and posterior corners. T1 punctured similar to head and mesosoma, but interspaces slightly wider and much shinier; T2 with deep oblique punctures, becoming progressively finer and sparser posteriorly; T3–T6 with coarse irregular punctures, similar to apical third of T2, becoming more sparsely punctate from T3 to T6; S1 irregularly ridged and punctured; S2 almost impunctate on basal sloping part, posteriorly with large deep punctures becoming denser on disc; S3–S6 much more finely punctured than respective tergites. Entirely covered in sparse dust-like brownish pubescence, denser but less-evident on metasoma; sternites with short pale bristles apically.</p><p>Head and mesosoma dark-red, with irregular and undefined brighter and darker markings; clypeus brighter red with paired yellow spots above apical teeth; narrow margin along pronotal carina, posterior spot on tegula, and parategula, pale yellow; pointed lobe of submarginal carina partly white. Metasoma generally brighter: T1–T2 bright red with ivory apical band, T3–T6 and sternites yellowish-orange, S2 with broad suffused apical ivory band. Legs black from coxa to femur, orange-red on tibia and tarsus. Wings brown-hyaline, slightly darker along anterior margin.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga (Fig. 65I).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is in reference to the aberrant morphology of this species compared to other Malgachemenes species. It is an adjective.</p><p>Notes. Although collected in the same locality across a short period of time, the three examined females present differences in pattern, density of punctures on clypeus, development of lateral lobes on tergites and, most notably, cephalic foveae. While the first three characters are subject to variation in other species of Malgachemenes too, the same is not observed for the cephalic foveae morphology. The holotype has the foveae separated by about their diameter (Fig. 46F), while in the paratypes they are fused in a single median pit (Fig. 46G). These differences are here regarded as simple intraspecific variability, as the three specimens match in all diagnostic characters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF82FF8DFF0AFAF40702C7E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9FFF8FFF0AFDC900F6C3D6.text	190A0E05FF9FFF8FFF0AFDC900F6C3D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malgachemenes albellus Selis 2025	<div><p>Malgachemenes albellus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 47, 65J)</p><p>Diagnosis. Belonging to the group of mostly black Malgachemenes with short mesosoma, wide T1 and short propodeum, in which it is recognized by a bent outer margin of the tegula (Fig. 47D), a short apical lamella of T1 (Fig. 47C), the lamella of T2 reduced to lateral lobes (Fig. 47E), and a densely punctate metasoma (Fig. 47C).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2174988 // MADAGASCAR: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.956165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.657833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.956165/lat -24.657833)">Tulear</a> / Androimpano Forest / 3 km E of Itampolo / 26 March–12 April 2009 / 24°39.47'S 43°57.37'E // California Acad. of Sciences /coll: M.Irwin, R.Harin’Hala/ malaise, path in dry forest/elev 45m /MG-54B-21 // Malgachemenes albellus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21761) . PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2174987); Toliara, Ambohimahavelona village 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833S 43.899667E, 45 m, 16–22.XII.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174899); Toliara, Ambohimahavelona village 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833S 43.899667E, 45 m, 28.I–6.II.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 1♀ (MSVI, codes CASENT2174894, CASENT2174895); Toliara, PN de Tsimanampetsotsa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.753056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.047222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.753056/lat -24.047222)">Mitoho Cave</a>, 6.4 km 77°ENE of Efoetsy, 17.4 km 170°S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.753056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.047222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.753056/lat -24.047222)">Beheloka</a>, 24.047222S 43.753056E, 40 m, 18–22.III.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081121) .</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 47B). Body length 6.0 mm; fore wing length 5.5 mm.</p><p>Head 1.2× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1× as long as wide, apical margin emarginate and 0.35× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth acute and projecting but apically rounded, surface with a pair of blunt longitudinal carinae originating from the apical teeth and delimiting a median depressed area; clypeus in lateral view barely convex in upper third, then straight to apex. Vertex 1.85× as long as ocellocular distance, weakly sloping posteriorly; cephalic foveae very fine and close to each other, housed in a small and barely differentiated area with ridged posterior margin, placed much closer to ocelli than to occipital carina. Gena 0.7× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and of even height for whole length, barely angled in lower half of gena. Flagellum distinctly thickened towards apex, F1 1.3× as long as wide and 1.3× as long as F2, F2 subquadrate, F3–F9 becoming progressively shorter and wider. Mesosoma 1.3× as long as wide, in lateral view forming a more or less even curve from pronotum to propodeum. Pronotum with weakly convex and converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, distinctly bent but not angled on humeri; pretegular carina strong but dull. Mesoscutum with extremely shallow indications of notauli at anterior and posterior extremities. Scutellum wider than long, weakly and evenly convex, anterior margin finely crenulate; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as ocellus. Metanotum strongly sloping, evenly convex with somewhat bulging anterior margin. Tegula short and weakly longer than wide, outer margin straight in anterior third and therefore bulging in front of the middle, posterior lobe almost right-angled with pointed apex and not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and curved in a quarter of circle. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina absent. Propodeum short, in dorsal view much shorter than metanotum and with evenly curved sides, in lateral view barely convex and almost vertical, with dorsal faces place below level of scutellum and metanotum; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly sloping mediolaterally, meeting behind metanotum only with their medial corner; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, dorsally margined by a weak and blunt hint of lateral carina; posterior face of propodeum shallowly depressed, flattened on disc and forming two shallow pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line with very fine and irregular longitudinal fovea on dorsal half; submarginal carina of propodeum not projecting, completely fused with propodeal valvula. T 1 in dorsal view shortly bell-shaped, wider than long, anterior margin evenly rounded; T 1 in lateral view evenly convex basally, then almost flattened to apex but not divided in two distinct parts; apical margin of T1 with a short hyaline lamella, about as long as one ocellar diameter. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide and with weakly convex sides, not much wider than T1; apical margin of T2 somewhat translucent but not lamellate, except for subtriangular hyaline lobes at extreme sides. T3–T5 with lamellar lobes similar to T2 but becoming progressively smaller and more rounded. S 2 in lateral view evenly and distinctly convex; S2–S5 with irregular translucent margin, more evident than on tergites.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep and dense punctures, interspaces mostly narrower than puncture diameter but becoming wider on gena, metanotum, propodeum and sides of mesosoma; clypeus irregularly and sparsely striate on apical half, with scattered punctures in basal half; tegula sparsely micropunctate with scattered fine punctures; posterior face of propodeum with scattered deep punctures, mid-line with very short transverse striae. T1 with deep oblique punctures, interspaces variable but mostly as wide as puncture diameter; T2–T5 with fine deep punctures, interspaces shorter than puncture diameter on T2 and becoming progressively wider on following tergites; S1 with sparse deep punctures; S2–S5 with scattered punctures, becoming progressively finer. Covered in short pale-brownish pubescence, dust-like on metasoma; some longer pale setae on propodeum and sternites.</p><p>Black; following parts ivory-white: clypeus, mandible except inner margin, subquadrate spot above interantennal space, inner eye margin from clypeus to whole ocular sinus, elongate marking covering most of gena, anterior band on pronotum shortly continuing on lateral faces, narrow and slightly converging longitudinal lines on median third of mesoscutum, tegula except reddish-hyaline central spot, parategula, lamella bordering axillary fossa, anterior two-thirds of metanotum, upper plate of mesepisternum, small posterior spot on lower plate of mesepisternum, elongate markings running from anterolateral corners of propodeum to propodeal valvulae, apical band on T1 connected to subtriangular lateral spots, sinuate and laterally expanded apical band on T2–T5, rounded spots on sides of T2, lateral margins of S1, most of S2 except black triangle with base on the basal margin and apex in the middle of the apical margin, sinuate and bilobate bands on S3–S5, ventral face of coxae, outer face of legs from trochanter to basitarsus except hind femur. Some of the markings on meso- and metasoma are narrowly margined with a red suffusion. Lower face of antenna and most of T6 and S6 ferruginous-red. Wings hyaline with brownish tinge becoming stronger apically.</p><p>Male. Differing from female as follows: clypeus as long as wide and with apical emargination mostly filled by a translucent lamella, shiny with scattered punctures; F11 narrow and digitiform with tapering apex, reaching base of F9; S7 with apical dense brush of golden-red setae; punctures on head and mesosoma slightly larger and sparser; mesoscutum without lines, scutellum with lateral ivory-white spots, T2 without lateral spots.</p><p>Variability. The female paratype from Mitoho Cave differs from the holotype by absence of pale markings on mesoscutum and lower plate of mesepisternum. The paratypes from Ambohimahavelona differ from the holotype and paratype from Androimpano by the following characters: male clypeus with emargination not filled by lamella, female clypeus with dark brown spots on disc, more rounded spot above interantennal space, mesoscutum and lower plate of mesepisternum entirely black, apical band of T1 less expanded laterally, T2 without lateral spots, dark red largely replacing black ground color on propodeum and metasoma, T3 – T6 and S3–S6 with reduced pale markings .</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 65J).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet derives from the Latin adjective “ albus, - a, - um ” (= white), in reference to the whitish markings of this species. It is an adjective.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF9FFF8FFF0AFDC900F6C3D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9DFF8EFF0AF9DD07A6C6CA.text	190A0E05FF9DFF8EFF0AF9DD07A6C6CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malgachemenes angustus Gusenleitner. A 1992	<div><p>Malgachemenes angustus Gusenleitner, 1992</p><p>(Figs 48, 65K)</p><p>Malgachemenes angustus Gusenleitner, 1992: 91, 92, figs 1, 2, ♀ —“ Madagaskar: Ankarafantsika (Forest Reserve) near Marovoay ” (CAS).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ MADAGASCAR: / Ankarafantsika / (Forest Reserve) / near Marovoay / XII-1-1959 // E. S. Ross / Collector // Malgachemenes ♀ / angustus nov.sp. / J.Gusenleitner,det.1992 // Holotypus [red label] // California Academy / of Sciences / Type No. 16821” (CAS, code CASTYPE16821).</p><p>Description of male (hitherto unknown). Habitus in Fig. 48B. Differing from the female as follows: clypeus 1.05× as wide as long and barely emarginate at apex, apical margin of clypeus translucent, F11 parallel-sided with rounded apex in dorsal view and claw-shaped with bluntly pointed apex in lateral view, reaching basal margin of F9, mesosoma shorter, propodeum more convex above (Fig. 48C), lateral lamellar flaps on T3–T5 narrower but more projecting, mandible, labrum, clypeus, interantennal space, inner eye margin, outer face of fore and mid femora, and outer face of fore tibia whitish-yellow.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana *, Fianarantsoa *, Mahajanga, Toliara * (Gusenleitner 1992) (Fig. 65K).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF9DFF8EFF0AF9DD07A6C6CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9CFF8BFF0AF9C9019AC72E.text	190A0E05FF9CFF8BFF0AF9C9019AC72E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malgachemenes divinus Selis 2025	<div><p>Malgachemenes divinus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 49, 65L)</p><p>Diagnosis. Malgachemenes divinus is readily differentiated from the other species of Malgachemenes by its yellow and green pattern, together with the following morphological characters: tricarinate clypeus with convex apical margin (Fig. 49C), lamellae of tergites barely developed (Fig. 49E), and cephalic foveae widely separated and placed in a wide micropunctate area (Fig. 49D).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2118465 // MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana / Province SAVA Region / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.616665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.2505" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.616665/lat -13.2505)">Vohemar Dist.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.616665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.2505" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.616665/lat -13.2505)">Antsahabelela</a> / rain forest, 9 km SW Daraina / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.616665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.2505" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.616665/lat -13.2505)">Binara</a> 11–19 Jan 2011 / 13°15.03'S 49°37.00'E // <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.616665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.2505" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.616665/lat -13.2505)">California Acad. Of Sciences</a> / coll: M.Irwin, R.Harin’Hala / malaise, in humid forest / elev 182 m / MG-58-15 // Malgachemenes divinus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21762).</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 49B). Body length 7.5 mm; fore wing length 7.0 mm.</p><p>Head 1.05× as wide as high and with vertex visible in frontal view. Clypeus in frontal view as wide as long, apical margin weakly convex and 0.35× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth obtuse and blunt with longitudinal carinae running up to basal third of clypeus, basal third of clypeus with median longitudinal carina continuing into interantennal carina; clypeus in lateral view weakly and evenly convex. Vertex 3× as long as ocellocular distance, weakly swollen in lateral view; cephalic foveae very fine and separated by about four times their diameter, placed in a slightly raised modified area which is slightly longer than one ocellar diameters and wider than ocellar triangle, surface of modified area densely micropunctate and bearing a pair of wide tufts of setae. Gena 0.7× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, shortly lamellate on upper part of gena and fine on vertex, curved in lower half of gena; area below occipital carina on vertex forming a long vertical face, almost as long as two ocellar diameters. Flagellum short and apically thickened, F1 1.4× as long as wide and 1.7× as long as F2, following flagellomeres shorter than wide and becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.6× as long as wide and almost parallel-sided in dorsal view, subcylindrical, in lateral view forming an evenly and weakly curved surface from pronotum to propodeum. Pronotum with weakly converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, fine and almost straight on lateral portions; pretegular carina absent. Scutellum almost twice as wide as long, weakly and evenly convex laterolaterally, anterior margin furrowed in the median third and finely crenulate laterally; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as anterior ocellus. Metanotum weakly sloping. Tegula short with weakly rounded outer margin, posterior lobe slightly acute but apically blunt, not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and oblique with slightly bent apex. Mesepisternum forming an evenly curved surface in continuity with pronotum and mesosternum, bluntly and shortly carinate along median third of posterior margin; epicnemial carina replaced by a very shallow fold of the surface, visible only under incident light. Propodeum elongate, slightly longer than metanotum in dorsal view, sides slightly angled in the middle; dorsal faces of propodeum sloping mediolaterally and partly developed behind metanotum, but not meeting in the middle and not forming a propodeal shelf; lateral faces of propodeum barely concave, dorsally margined by a blunt hint of lateral carinae; posterior face of propodeum weakly sloping and barely concave, except for pair of deep pits above propodeal orifice, mid line with shallow and narrow fovea on dorsal half, replaced by sharp and high carina ventrally; submarginal carina of propodeum fused with valvula but forming a short translucent rounded lobe. T 1 in dorsal view trapezoidal and slightly wider than long, anterior margin weakly rounded; T 1 in lateral view clearly forming an oblique anterior face and a shallowly depressed horizontal face; apical margin of T1 with a very short translucent margin, which becomes longer on lateral margins. T2 elongate with weakly convex sides, apically slightly wider than T1; apical margin of T2 with a very short translucent margin, basally margined by a series of very fine punctures. T3–T5 apically similar to T2; T3–T4 on sides with very short and blunt oblique carinae. S2 evenly and weakly convex in lateral view, somewhat flattened in middle of basal third; apical margins of S2–S5 with slightly longer lamellae than respective tergites.</p><p>Head and dorsal side of mesosoma with deep and dense punctures, interspaces mostly reduced to ridges but reaching one puncture diameter in width on scutellum and dorsal faces of propodeum, and several puncture diameters on gena; clypeus densely micropunctate with scattered punctures on disc; mesepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum with smaller and sparser punctures than dorsal side of mesosoma; metaepisternum entirely impunctate; posterior face of propodeum with scattered deep punctures and some oblique striae. Metasoma densely and very finely shagreened, almost velvety; T1 with deep oblique punctures similar in size to those of propodeum anteriorly, becoming much finer and sparser posteriorly and disappearing before reaching apex; T2 with oblique punctures, larger and deeper on sides, becoming progressively finer medially and posteriorly, almost disappearing on posterior part of disc; T3–T5 with fine punctures, becoming markedly coarser on sides; S1 irregularly ridged and punctured; S2–S5 shinier than respective tergites, punctures sparser and slightly more marked. Covered in pale dust-like pubescence, some scattered short setae on whole body, longer fine setae on propodeum, sides of mesosoma, mesosternum and sternites.</p><p>Almost entirely green, with reduced black areas and extensive yellow markings. Head pale yellowish-green except as follows: green-brown longitudinal band on clypeus, darker green markings on frons and vertex, red modified area of vertex, pale yellow gena, hypostoma and mandible; scape green-brown above and yellow-green below. Mesosoma pale green with the following pale yellow with greenish tinge markings: broad anterior band and narrow posterior margin on pronotum, spots on tegula, apex of parategula, most of scutellum and metanotum, posterior half of mesepisternum and corners of propodeum; mesonotum black with extensive irregular dark green markings. T1–T2 dark green with brighter base and sides, apically with broad yellowish-green bands that partly extend on sides; T3–T6 becoming progressively more yellow; sternite more or less uniformly pale yellow, with weak greenish tinge on S1 and basal third of S2. Legs yellowish-green on outer face, brownish-green on inner face. Wings brownish hyaline, with barely darker anterior margin.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana (Fig. 65L).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective “ divinus, - a, - um ” (= divine), in reference to the beauty of this species, which has a unique color pattern in the whole subfamily.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF9CFF8BFF0AF9C9019AC72E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF99FF85FF0AFE85000EC5FA.text	190A0E05FF99FF85FF0AFE85000EC5FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malgachemenes levigatus Selis 2025	<div><p>Malgachemenes levigatus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 50, 65M)</p><p>Diagnosis. Belonging to the group of mostly black Malgachemenes with short mesosoma, wide T1 and short propodeum, in which it is recognized by an evenly rounded outer margin of the tegula (Fig. 50D), a long apical lamella of T1 (Fig. 50C), a long and reflexed apical lamella of T2 which laterally extends into lamellar flaps (Fig. 50E), and a finely and sparsely punctate metasoma (Fig. 50C).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2046380 // MADAGASCAR: Mahajanga / Prov. PN Tsingy de Bemaraha / 3.4 km 93°E Bekopaka, / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=93.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.141945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 93.0/lat -19.141945)">Tombeau Vazimba</a>, 50m, 6–10 / Nov 2001, 19°8'31"S 44°49'41"E / col Fisher, Griswold et al. // CASLOT 011070 / malaise in tropical dry forest / BLF4233 // Malgachemenes levigatus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21763).</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Fig. 50B). Body length 6.5 mm; fore wing length 5.5 mm.</p><p>Head 1.15× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1× as long as wide with free apical part much shorter than basal part, apical margin emarginate and 0.3× as wide a clypeus, apical teeth acute and projecting and very shortly and weakly carinate; clypeus in lateral view barely and evenly convex. Vertex 2× as long as ocellocular distance, weakly convex and posteriorly sloping. Gena 0.5× as wide as eye at bottom ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, somewhat angled in the middle of gena; area below occipital carina on vertex forming a very short vertical face, shorter than one ocellar diameter. F1 1.7× as long as wide and 1.2× as long as F2, F2–F9 longer than wide but becoming progressively shorter, F11 small, somewhat claw-shaped but apically rounded and slightly exceeding middle of F9. Mesosoma 1.4× as long as wide, in lateral view almost forming an evenly convex surface from pronotum to propodeum. Pronotum with weakly converging sides; pronotal carina complete, very shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, fine and oblique on lateral portions, shortly interrupted by pronotal fovea, somewhat bent but not angled on humeri; pretegular carina somewhat indicated by a fold of the cuticle. Scutellum not much wider than long, weakly and evenly convex, anterior margin finely crenulate; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as anterior ocellus. Metanotum evenly sloping from scutellum to propodeum and evenly convex. Tegula short and almost as long as wide, outer margin broadly rounded, posterior lobe very short and obtuse, not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and weakly curved. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina absent except for a very short and blunt stretch in lower half. Propodeum short, in dorsal view shorter than metanotum and with evenly curved sides, in lateral view very weakly convex and falling almost vertically; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly sloping mediolaterally and meeting behind metanotum only for a very short and vertical stretch; lateral faces of propodeum shallowly depressed; posterior face of propodeum shallowly depressed in the inferior two thirds and forming two pits above propodeal orifice; mid line with shallow and very fine fovea on dorsal half; submarginal carina of propodeum barely projecting and completely fused with the narrow propodeal valvula. T 1 in dorsal view shortly bell-shaped, slightly shorter than apically wide, anterior margin evenly rounded; T 1 in lateral view more or less evenly and strongly convex, not markedly divided in two parts; apical margin of T1 with a long hyaline lamella, almost as long as two ocellar diameters. T 2 in dorsal view short with strongly convex sides, apically wider than basally; T 2 in lateral view strongly convex and with obliquely cut-off posterior margin, therefore appearing longer than S2; apical margin of T2 with an almost vertical hyaline lamella sharply separated from the rest of the surface and forming rounded lobes on extreme sides. T3–T5 with rounded lamellar flaps on extreme sides, becoming progressively smaller. S2 somewhat depressed posteriorly, in lateral view regularly and weakly convex, much less convex than T2. S3–S4 with posterolateral corners depressed and forming small pits that are anteriorly bordered by a sharp margin.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep and irregular punctures, interspaces shiny and variable in width but mostly wider than puncture diameter; clypeus densely micropunctate with scattered shallow punctures; interantennal space and ocular sinus impunctate; mesepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum with deeper and smaller punctures, interspaces as wide as several puncture diameter; tegula smooth and shiny with barely visible micropunctures; dorsal faces of propodeum with punctures becoming denser and deeper medially; posterior face of propodeum with short transverse striae in the middle. T1–T2 very finely shagreened and silky shiny, T1 with scattered shallow oblique punctures, T2 largely impunctate with few oblique punctures on margins; T3–T7 micropunctate and shagreened, T3–T5 with very dense and fine punctures; S1 with sparse punctures; S2 with scattered deep punctures on whole surface; S3–S5 much more sparsely punctured than respective tergite. Head and mesosoma with very short and sparse pale pubescence, mostly originating from punctures; metasoma with dust-like and dense brownish pubescence.</p><p>Black with the following parts suffused dark-red: scape, gena, narrow margins of pronotum, tegula, posterior margin of scutellum and metanotum, lateral half of dorsal faces of propodeum, most of sides of mesosoma with brighter marking on upper plate of mesepisternum, most of metasoma except base of segments. Following markings ivory-yellowish: clypeus, mandible except inner margin, interantennal space, inner eye margin from clypeus to upper margin of ocular sinus, fine and irregular longitudinal line on frons, narrow and broadly interrupted line on anterior margin of pronotum, parategula, narrow and regular apical band on T1–T2, posterior corners of S1, large elliptical spots covering lateral thirds of S2, spots on all coxae, outer face of all tibiae. Apical margin of T3–T6 and S3–S5 suffused with orange. Wings hyaline with brownish tinge, slightly darker along anterior margin.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga (Fig. 65M).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is the Latin adjective “ levigatus, - a, - um ” (= smooth), referring to the smooth and shiny appearance of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF99FF85FF0AFE85000EC5FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF97FF86FF0AFBF10672C478.text	190A0E05FF97FF86FF0AFBF10672C478.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malgachemenes lobatus Selis 2025	<div><p>Malgachemenes lobatus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 51, 65N)</p><p>Diagnosis. Belonging to the group of reddish Malgachemenes with elongate mesosoma, narrow T1 and elongate propodeum, in which it is recognized by a carinate clypeus (Fig. 51A), foveate anterior face of pronotum (Fig. 51D), presence of a propodeal shelf behind the horizontal metanotum (Fig. 51E), and a densely punctate T2 (Fig. 51C).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2177632 // MADAGASCAR: Toliara / Prov., Ranobe, elev 20m / 23°02.667'S 43°36.917'E // 26–29 January 2004 / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.615284&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.04445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.615284/lat -23.04445)">California Acad. of Sciences</a> // colls: Frontier Wilderness / Project, malaise trap, spiny / forest thicket MGF094 // Malgachemenes lobatus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21764) . PARATYPES: MADAGASCAR: same data as holotype, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2177634); Toliara, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626667E, 180 m, 26.I–5.II.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2053873; MSVI, code CASENT2053871); Toliara, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626667E, 180 m, 28.III– 8.IV.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2118635); Toliara, Androimpano Forest, 3 km E of Itampolo, 24.657833S 43.956167E, 45 m, 25.XII.2008 – 1.I.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2174938); Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.752335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.0485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.752335/lat -24.0485)">Foret de Tsinjoriake</a>, 6.2 km E Tsifota, 22.802222S 43.420556E, 70 m, 6–10.III.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2046298); Toliara, Ifaty, near Hotel Paradisia in coastal dunes, 23.179667S 43.616833E, 9 m, 26.V–5.VI.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2046442); Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.752335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.0485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.752335/lat -24.0485)">Mikea Forest</a> NW of Manombo, 22.903667S 43.4755E, 30 m, 17–28.I.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046320); Toliara, Tsimanampetsotsa NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.752335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.0485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.752335/lat -24.0485)">Mitoho Forest</a>, 24.0485S 43.752333E, 120 m, 4–12.XII.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2174967); Toliara, Tsimanampetsotsa NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.752335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.0485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.752335/lat -24.0485)">Mitoho Forest</a>, 24.0485S 43.752333E, 120 m, 19–27.XII.2008, leg. M.Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT2174940); Toliara, Tsimanampetsotsa NP, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.752335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.0485" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.752335/lat -24.0485)">Mitoho Forest</a>, 24.0485S 43.752333E, 120 m, 9–15.I.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2174929) .</p><p>Description. Male holotype (Fig. 51B). Body length 7.5 mm; fore wing length 6.5 mm.</p><p>Head 1.05× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.15× as long as wide, apical margin shallowly emarginate and 0.4× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth slightly acute and pointing out, with blunt longitudinal carinae; clypeus in lateral view weakly convex above, then straight to apex. Vertex 1.9× as long as ocellocular distance, sloping from posterior ocelli to occipital carina. Gena 0.6× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, higher on sides of vertex, more or less evenly curved on gena; area below occipital carina on vertex forming a very short vertical face, shorter than one ocellar diameter. F1 1.55× as long as wide and 1.15× as long as F2, F2–F4 longer than wide, F5–F9 subquadrate, F11 finger-shaped and thick, apically curved with rounded apex. Mesosoma subcylindrical and 1.7× as long as wide, in lateral view forming an even surface from pronotum to propodeal shelf, flattened posteriorly. Pronotum with weakly converging sides, slightly sinuate behind pronotal carina; pronotal carina complete, shortly lamellate and becoming higher on humeri, distinctly angled but not acute on humeri; pretegular carina indicated by a blunt fold of the surface; anterior face of pronotum with a rounded fovea medially. Mesoscutum with short and shallow notauli on posterior end. Scutellum not much wider than long, anterior margin furrowed in the middle and crenulate on sides; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as ocellus. Metanotum short and very weakly sloping, posterior margin almost straight. Tegula short and almost as long as wide, outer margin shallowly concave in anterior third and bulging just in front of the middle, posterior lobe short and blunt, not equaling parategula; parategula obliquely flattened and weakly curved. Mesepisternum forming a regularly curved surface with pronotum and mesosternum; epicnemial carina absent. Propodeum elongate, in dorsal view as long as metanotum and with posteriorly bulging sides, in lateral view horizontally produced for a short length and then obliquely sloping; dorsal faces of propodeum weakly sloping mediolaterally, bulging medially where they form a short and rounded propodeal shelf; lateral faces of propodeum shallowly depressed; posterior face of propodeum shallowly and evenly depressed; submarginal carina of propodeum produced in a short lobe completely fused with the propodeal valvula. T 1 in dorsal view bell-shaped, slightly longer than apically wide, anterior margin broadly rounded; T 1 in lateral view evenly convex except for shallow preapical depression; apical margin of T1 with a long hyaline lamella, longer than one ocellar diameter and slightly projecting on sides. T 2 in dorsal view subquadrate with subparallel sides, about as wide as T1; apical margin of T2 with a sharply separated hyaline lamella that is barely developed medially and progressively becomes longer on sides, where it forms short, rounded lobes. T3–T6 with subtriangular and apically rounded lamellar flaps on extreme sides, becoming progressively smaller. S 2 in lateral view regularly and weakly convex. S3–S5 with posterolateral corners depressed and forming small pits that are anteriorly bordered by a sharp margin.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep punctures, interspaces shorter than puncture diameter; clypeus shiny and micropunctate, with sparse shallow punctures; gena with very scattered punctures; some interspaces as wide as puncture diameter on scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum and sides of dorsal faces of propodeum; posterior face of propodeum with scattered deep punctures. T1 with oblique punctures, denser and deeper anteriorly and becoming sparser and shallower posteriorly; T2 with dense fine punctures, interspaces about as wide as puncture diameter and densely micropunctate; T3–T6 similar to T2 but punctures becoming progressively sparser; S1 with sparse deep punctures; S2 with scattered punctures basally, posteriorly with deep punctures becoming denser posterolaterally; S3–S6 densely micropunctate and with sparse fine punctures. Covered by very short pale metallic pubescence; pale setae on frons, pronotum and posterolateral corners of propodeum; S7 densely pubescent with an apical brush of pale golden setae.</p><p>Dark to bright red, with the following yellow markings: clypeus, mandible except inner margin, spear-shaped marking filling interantennal space and extending above, inner eye margin from clypeus to bottom of ocular sinus, anterior band on pronotum widening laterally and extending posteriorly on humeral area, margins of tegula, parategula, sides of dorsal faces of propodeum from anterolateral corners to valvula, narrow apical band on T1, laterally widened apical band on T2, suffused apical margins of T3–T6, posterior corners of S1, apical band on S2 with basal subtriangular expansions, posterior corners of S3–S6, lower face of mid coxa, apical spot on mid femur, outer face of tibiae and fore basitarsus. Wings hyaline with yellowish tinge anteriorly.</p><p>Female. Differing from the male as follows: clypeus apically subtruncate with narrower apical margin, surface shiny with sparse deep punctures and more developed longitudinal carinae, red with a basal yellow band, cephalic foveae very close and placed just behind ocellar triangle, not placed in a differentiated area, and T2 with less developed apical lamella.</p><p>Variability. The dorsal side of the mesosoma can be more or less extensively blackened; scape, scutellum and mesepisternum can present variably developed yellow spots; the apical band of S2 and the markings on the legs can be more extended. A male paratype from Tsinjoriake is particularly dark, being extensively blackish-brown with red markings and presenting reduced yellow markings.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 65N).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is the Latin adjective “ lobatus, - a, - um ” (= lobed), referring to the lamellar lobes on the tergites.</p><p>Genus Paramischocyttarus Magretti, 1884</p><p>Paramischocyttarus Magretti, 1884a: 250; 1884b: 600, genus. Type species: Paramischocyttarus subtilis Magretti, 1884, by monotypy.</p><p>Tanyzethus Cameron, 1910: 195, genus. Type species: Tanyzethus africanus Cameron, 1910, by monotypy. Junior subjective synonym of Paramischocyttarus Magretti, 1884 according to von Schulthess (1913: 18).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF97FF86FF0AFBF10672C478	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF93FF81FF0AFF7C066AC459.text	190A0E05FF93FF81FF0AFF7C066AC459.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paramischocyttarus madagassus Gusenleitner. P 1998	<div><p>Paramischocyttarus madagassus Gusenleitner, 1998</p><p>(Figs 1E, 52A, 65O)</p><p>Paramischocyttarus madagassus Gusenleitner, 1998: 183, 191, figs 12–14, ♂, ♀ —“ Madagaskar, Tulear, Tulear-Morombe, Pk 32 (S. I. B.)” (holotype male NHMW).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga *, Toliara (Gusenleitner 1998, 2004) (Fig. 65O).</p><p>Genus Raphiglossa Saunders, 1850</p><p>Raphiglossa Saunders, 1850: 71, 17 (Proc.), genus (2 species). Type species: Raphiglossa eumenoides Saunders, 1850, by subsequent designation of Ashmead (1902: 206).</p><p>Rhaphidoglossa Dalla Torre, 1894: 7 . Unjustified emendation of Raphiglossa Saunders, 1850 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF93FF81FF0AFF7C066AC459	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF93FF80FF0AFD5707A7C1AA.text	190A0E05FF93FF80FF0AFD5707A7C1AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Raphiglossa lemuriae Giordani Soika 1941	<div><p>Raphiglossa lemuriae Giordani Soika, 1941</p><p>(Fig. 1A, 52B, 65P)</p><p>Raphiglossa lemuriae Giordani Soika, 1941: 179, ♂, ♀ —“ Madagascar: Bekily ” (type lost).</p><p>Leptomenes extremus Gusenleitner, 2005: 1177, 1182, figs 7–8, ♂ —“ Madagaskar, Fianarantsoa Prov., 40 km S Ambositra, Radia Rower, humid forest, 20°47'56"S 47°10'54"E ” (CAS). Junior subjective synonym of Raphiglossa lemuriae Giordani Soika, 1941 according to Selis (2023: 590).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga *, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1941, 1973, 1974b; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2005) (Fig. 65P).</p><p>Genus Tuleara Gusenleitner, 2000</p><p>Tuleara Gusenleitner, 2000: 923, genus. Type species: Tuleara leptochiloides Gusenleitner, 2000, by original designation and monotypy.</p><p>Immutatus Gusenleitner, 2011: 423, 431, genus. Type species: Odynerus sakalavus de Saussure, 1890, by monotypy and original designation. Syn. nov.</p><p>Notes. Gusenleitner (2000) described the genus Tuleara comparing it with Afrepipona Giordani Soika and Acarepipona Giordani Soika (junior synonym of Allodynerus Blüthgen) due to the general appearance, and with Leptochilus de Saussure, Stroudia Gribodo and Eumenidiopsis Giordani Soika due to the depressed apical area of T2. The comparison with the genera cited by Gusenleitner shows that there is no evident similarity with Allodynerus, and also the comparison with Leptochilus, Stroudia and Eumenidiopsis seems forced, as these three genera present a profoundly different structure of the apical area of T 2 in addition to numerous other important differences (e.g. wing venation). The comparison with Afrepipona shows instead evident similarities in the structure of the mesosoma and of the first tergite, but also a series of important differences: vertical or very weakly oblique metanotum and with a protruding anterior margin, propodeum with a subtriangular sclerite at the dorsal end of the median line, submarginal carina not fused with the valvula and forming a long triangular lobe, free and rectangular propodeal valvula, apex of T2 deeply depressed and separated from the preceding surface (see Selis &amp; Carpenter 2024 for a complete diagnosis of Afrepipona). Furthermore, the few males of Tuleara examined have a thin mandible with a large fourth tooth perpendicular to the axis of the mandible (cf. Fig. 61A) and a different general structure of the genitalia.At the same time, the Malagasy species of both genera present some intermediate forms, such as the female of Tuleara nigrita which has a thick head observed in many Afrepipona, or Afrepipona dilaticlypeus, A. misinjo and A. resoluta which on the contrary have a head morphology more similar to most Tuleara than to other Afrepipona . These intermediate forms, currently observed only in the Malagasy fauna and not in the continental species of Afrepipona, make it difficult to define the two genera as distinct, therefore it could be proposed to consider Tuleara a subgenus or synonym of Afrepipona . However, no taxonomic action is being taken on this issue currently, leaving the matter to a phylogenetic study including the two genera.</p><p>Gusenleitner (2011: 431) described the monotypic genus Immutatus Gusenleitner for Odynerus sakalavus de Saussure, 1890, comparing it with the genera Postepipona Giordani Soika, Leptochilus de Saussure and Tuleara Gusenleitner. As already reported for Tuleara, the comparison with Leptochilus is forced, since the morphology of the metanotum and the apex of T2 are deeply different. The comparison with Postepipona probably derives from the inclusion in this genus of Odynerus malagassus de Saussure (= Odynerus melanus de Saussure, see dedicated section) made by Borsato (1999), as this species shows a habitus vaguely similar to Odynerus sakalavus, but it is clearly differentiated by numerous diagnostic characters and in reality is not related to the type species of Postepipona (see under Antepipona for more details). Comparison with Tuleara is appropriate, since both Odynerus sakalavus and the various species of Tuleara share some important diagnostic characters: propodeum with small subtriangular basal sclerite, submarginal carina forming a long triangular lobe, free and rectangular propodeal valvula, deeply depressed apex of T2 separated from the preceding surface, thin male mandible with strongly developed fourth tooth. Furthermore, the differences reported as diagnostic of Immutatus compared to Tuleara (i.e. presence of epicnemial carina, vertical metanotum) are not supported by morphological examination, since the epicnemial carina and vertical metanotum are observed in various Tuleara species, including the type species T. leptochiloides . Given the evident morphological affinities and the inconsistency of the characters provided as diagnostic, the genus Immutatus is here synonymized under Tuleara, with Odynerus sakalavus in the new combination of Tuleara sakalava .</p><p>Key to the species of Tuleara</p><p>1. Large-sized species, body length over 10 mm. Metanotum entirely vertical and flattened, with projecting and acute anterior margin. Apical lamella of T2 very long and almost vertical, about as high as two ocellar diameters. S2 strongly bulging basally and deeply furrowed in the middle. Whole body with large and spaced deep punctures. Black with some dark-red blotches, metasoma entirely yellow starting from apex of T2 and whole S2 (Fig. 58A)................... T. sakalava (de Saussure)</p><p>- Medium to small-sized species, body length under 10 mm. Metanotum not with the above combination of characters, either sloping, convex or with blunt anterior margin (Figs 54E, 56D). Apical lamella of T2 shorter and oblique, at most slightly longer than one ocellar diameter (Figs 56E, 57E). S2 variably convex basally but not strongly bulging, furrow absent or shallow. Sculpture different, with denser and/or shallower punctures. Pattern not as above, at least T1 with a thin apical band....... 2</p><p>2. Body entirely covered in dense silvery pubescence; underlying surface almost completely hidden (Fig. 53B). Epicnemial carina present but blunt, weakly developed (Fig. 53C). Black with red clypeus and few subtle white-green markings; legs with dark green tinge (Figs 53A, B)............................................................... T. alboviridis sp. nov.</p><p>- Pubescence variable but not dense and brightly metallic as above; underlying surface well visible (Figs 54B, 55, 56B, 57B). Epicnemial carina absent or strongly developed (Figs 54D, 57D). Variable pattern but never with white-green; legs green only in one species........................................................................................ 3</p><p>3. Pronotal carina developed in a high translucent lamella. Epicnemial carina absent, transition to epicnemium indicated by different sculpture only. Anterior margin of metanotum produced in a sharp margin (Fig. 56D). Posterolateral angles of propodeum angled and acute (Fig. 56C; not evidently in the male). T2 with small and dense punctures, of regular size from base to apex (Fig. 56E). Largely marked with orange-yellow on head and mesosoma; male with green legs (Figs 56A, B)...................................................................................... T. nigrita Gusenleitner</p><p>- Pronotal carina shortly lamellate, either translucent or not. Epicnemial carina present and strong, at least in upper half (Figs 54D, 57D). Anterior margin of metanotum not produced or blunt (Fig. 54C). Posterolateral angles of propodeum rounded (Fig. 54E). T2 with sparser punctures, larger basally and becoming smaller apically (Fig. 57E). Less richly marked than above, mesosoma at most with narrow line bordering pronotal carina; legs never green.................................... 4</p><p>4. Elongate appearance, head elongate in frontal view, mesosoma 1.5× as long as wide (Figs 54A, B); pronotum in lateral view strongly projecting anteriorly (Figs 54B, C). Epicnemial carina strong and visible in upper half only (Fig. 54D). Metanotum sloping and strongly convex, without bulging anterior margin (Fig. 54E).......................... T. elongata sp. nov.</p><p>- Stockier appearance, head subcircular to wide in frontal view, mesosoma 1.4× as long as wide or shorter (Figs 55; 57A, B); pronotum in lateral view weakly projecting, almost subtruncate anteriorly (Fig. 57B). Epicnemial carina weaker but extending on ventral half (Fig. 57D). Metanotum vertical with weakly convex surface, anterior margin distinctly bulging........... 5</p><p>5. Epicnemial carina stronger and bordered by scattered pubescence. S 2 in lateral view more strongly bulging basally, somewhat depressed posteriorly. Head and mesosoma very densely punctate, interspaces very narrow and ridge-like, some punctures touching and forming short series; punctures on metasoma larger, especially in male. Pubescence of head and mesosoma very sparse, little visible............................................................. T. leptochiloides Gusenleitner</p><p>- Epicnemial carina weaker and bordered by a dense line of silvery pubescence (Fig. 57D). S 2 in lateral view less strongly bulging basally, flattened posteriorly (Fig. 57F). Head and mesosoma more sparsely punctate, interspaces narrow but flattened, only isolate punctures arranged in pairs (Fig. 57C); punctures on metasoma smaller (Fig. 57E). Pubescence on head and mesosoma dense, well visible (Fig. 57C).................................................... T. pruinosa sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF93FF80FF0AFD5707A7C1AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF91FF7DFF0AFF7C06BEC6CA.text	190A0E05FF91FF7DFF0AFF7C06BEC6CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tuleara alboviridis Selis 2025	<div><p>Tuleara alboviridis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 53, 66A)</p><p>Diagnosis. Readily distinguished from the other species of Tuleara by the following combination of characters: stocky habitus with mesosoma not depressed, body entirely covered in dense silvery pubescence hiding the underlying surface (Fig. 53B), white and green markings on meso- and metasoma.</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2081323 // MADAGASCAR: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.163&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.587667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.163/lat -25.587667)">Tulear</a> / Prov., Cap Ste Marie Spec. / Res., 37 m, 74 km S of / Tsihombe, 25 Feb–7 Mar 2003 / 25°35.26'S 45°09.78'E / Colls: M. Irwin, F. Parker, / R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 035357 / malaise, spiny bush / MA-02-23-18 // Tuleara alboviridis / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21765) . PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT2081322); same locality as holotype, 20–31.VIII.2003, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081336); same locality as holotype, 10–20.IX.2003, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081331); same locality as holotype, 26.X–5.XI.2003, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081339) .</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 53B). Body length 8.0 mm; fore wing length 7.5 mm.</p><p>Head 1.2× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.15× as wide as long, apical margin barely emarginate and 0.3× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth right-angled with blunt apex; clypeus in lateral view barely convex, almost smoothly passing into frons. Vertex 1.85× as long as ocellocular distance, almost flattened and sloping only on posterior third; cephalic foveae very fine and partially fused, housed at the bottom of a small and deep pit, placed somewhat closer to occipital carina than to ocellar triangle. Gena 0.8× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, fine and weak on vertex and almost disappearing medially, thick and shortly lamellate on gena, distinctly curved in lower half. Flagellum weakly thickened towards apex, F1 1.2× as long as wide and 1.5× as long as F2, F2–F9 transverse and becoming progressively slightly wider. Mesosoma 1.4× as long as wide. Pronotum with convex and converging sides; pronotal carina complete and forming a short hyaline lamella on dorsal portion, evenly rounded on humeri and strongly reduced for a short portion just below humeri; pretegular carina present only for a short portion in front of anterior lobe of tegula. Mesoscutum with shallow and short notauli in front of posterior margin. Scutellum wider than long, almost evenly convex from side to side, flattened on disc, anterior margin crenulate with median pit slightly larger than lateral ones; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as ocellus. Metanotum nearly vertical, evenly convex with slightly bulging anterior margin. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe slightly acute with rounded apex and not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and basally right-angled. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina present but very reduced, appearing as a shallow fold of the surface. Propodeum short, in lateral view almost vertical; dorsal faces of propodeum short and weakly sloping, widely separated behind metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, margin with dorsal faces distinct but not carinate; posterior face of propodeum shallowly depressed, forming two pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line carinate with carina continuing onto basal subtriangular sclerite, basal sclerite with two elongate pits on sides of carina; submarginal carina of propodeum produced in a subtriangular lobe with rounded apex, valvula free and rectangular; dorsal carinae indicated by two short lateral portions that appear as transverse shallow bulges. T 1 in dorsal view nearly semicircular, wider than long, with converging sides and evenly rounded anterior margin; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex and divided in two distinct faces; apical margin of T1 with short hyaline border, almost disappearing medially. T 2 in dorsal view wider than long and with convex sides slightly compressed posteriorly, wider than T1; preapical area of T2 deeply depressed and coarsely punctate, strongly separated from preceding surface of tergite, followed by strongly reflexed but short translucent lamella, lamella slightly shorter than ocellar diameter in the middle and becoming shorter laterally. Apical margin of T3–T4 translucent and very weakly lobate in the middle. S2 strongly convex basally and then very shallowly depressed, basal sloping area with a shallow and wide longitudinal depression laterally delimited by two shallow bulges, apical area depressed and lamellate but much less evidently than T2.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep punctures separated by about their diameters, interspaces wider on gena, metanotum and ventral part of mesepisternum; clypeus similar to frons but punctures sparser, interspaces densely micropunctate; tegula sparsely and finely micropunctate, almost smooth on disc; lateral faces of propodeum with finer punctures than mesosoma; posterior face of propodeum with very sparse deep punctures, mostly smooth and shiny with shallow shagreen along median carina. T1 with very shallow large punctures, slightly deeper and denser on sides; extreme base of T2 sculpted similar to T1, remaining surface with fine and deep oblique punctures, preapical depressed area with two to four series of large and coarse punctures and interspaces reduced to sharp ridges; T3–T5 with coarse punctures similar to preapical area of T2, but becoming progressively finer; S1 irregularly punctate and longitudinally ridged; S2 similar to T2, but punctures slightly larger and much sparser, preapical area coarsely punctate as on T2; S3–S5 similar to respective tergites but punctures finer. Entirely covered in short and dense metallic pubescence, mostly silvery but with weak golden reflections on dorsal side of mesosoma, completely hiding the underlying surface under incident light; short erect setae on head and mesosoma, shorter on mesoscutum and longer and curved on mesepisternum; propodeum with area above valvula covered in dense and fine white setae; metasoma with short oblique setae, shorter and appressed on tergites, longer and more raised on sternites.</p><p>Black; clypeus and interantennal space orange-red, with narrow yellow line bordering ventral margin of clypeus and part of inner eye margin; tegula ferruginous with pale yellow spots on anterior and posterior lobes; narrow white markings bordered with green on pronotal carina, submarginal carina and area above it, apex of T1–T2 and S2; legs with dark and scarcely visible green tinge; T3, S3 and following segments mostly orange with some irregular whitish apical bands. Wings hyaline with weak orange tinge along costal margin.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Variability. The paratypes differ from the holotype in having slightly smaller size (body length 7.2–7.8 mm; fore wing length 6.5–7.0 mm) and variable intensity of the green tinge on legs. Two paratypes have suffused and barely visible dark green markings on sides of T1 and spots on base of S2, two others have the spots on S2 only.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 66A).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is the combination of the Latin words “ albus, - a, - um ” (= white) and “ viridis, - e ” (= green), in reference to the whitish-green markings of this species. It is an adjective.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF91FF7DFF0AFF7C06BEC6CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6FFF7FFF0AFEA1072DC7BA.text	190A0E05FF6FFF7FFF0AFEA1072DC7BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tuleara elongata Selis 2025	<div><p>Tuleara elongata sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 54, 66B)</p><p>Diagnosis. Readily distinguished from the other species of Tuleara by its elongate appearance with subquadrate head and dorsoventrally depressed mesosoma (Figs 54A, B), and a sloping and strongly convex metanotum (Fig. 54E).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2218468 // MADAGASCAR: Toliara Prov / Parc National de Zombitse / 19.8 km 84°E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.843334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.0/lat -22.843334)">Sakaraha</a> / elev 770m 5–9 Feb 2003 / 22°50'36"S 044°42'36"E // coll. Fisher, Griswold et al. / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.0&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.843334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.0/lat -22.843334)">California Acad. of Sciences</a> / malaise trap, in tropical dry / forest, coll. code: BLF7506 // Tuleara elongata / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21766).</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 54B). Body length 7.3 mm; fore wing length 6.7 mm.</p><p>Head as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.05× as wide as long, apical margin barely emarginate and 0.4× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth right-angled and slightly pointing out with rounded apex; clypeus in lateral view barely convex, smoothly passing into frons. Vertex 1.9× as long as ocellocular distance, convex and slightly bulging in lateral view; cephalic foveae fused and forming a median deep pit, placed somewhat closer to ocellar triangle than to occipital carina. Gena as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, strongly convex and partially visible in frontal view too; occipital carina complete, fine and weak on vertex, slightly stronger on gena, bent at about mid height of gena and lower part weakly sinuate. Flagellum weakly thickened towards apex, F1 1.4× as long as wide and 1.3× as long as F2, F2–F9 subquadrate. Mesosoma 1.5× as long as wide and subcylindrical, dorsoventrally depressed in lateral view. Pronotum with weakly convex and slightly converging sides, subparallel; pronotal carina complete and forming a very short hyaline lamella on dorsal portion which is shorter on mid-line, evenly rounded on humeri and somewhat projecting anteriorly; pretegular carina absent. Scutellum wider than long, widely flattened, anterior margin crenulate; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as ocellus. Metanotum weakly sloping, evenly convex. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe slightly obtuse with pointed apex and not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and basally angled. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina present and strong on dorsal half, absent below. Propodeum short, in lateral view convex and sloping; dorsal faces of propodeum weakly sloping, widely separated behind metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum barely depressed, margin with dorsal faces distinct but not carinate; posterior face of propodeum shallowly depressed, forming two pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line shallowly carinate with depressed narrow subtriangular sclerite basally; submarginal carina of propodeum produced in a subtriangular lobe with rounded apex, valvula free and rectangular; dorsal carinae indicated by two short lateral portions that appear as oblique shallow bulges. T 1 in dorsal view nearly semicircular, wider than long, with subparallel sides and evenly rounded anterior margin; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex and divided in two distinct faces; apical margin of T1 with short hyaline border, almost disappearing medially. T 2 in dorsal view slightly longer than wide and with weakly convex sides slightly compressed posteriorly, about as wide as T1; preapical area of T2 deeply depressed and coarsely punctatecostulate, strongly separated from preceding surface of tergite, followed by strongly reflexed but short translucent lamella, lamella slightly longer than ocellar diameter in the middle and becoming shorter laterally. Apical margin of T3–T4 translucent and weakly lobate in the middle. S2 evenly convex in lateral view, basally with shallow indication of longitudinal furrow, apical margin lamellate and hyaline with basal pigmented costulations.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep and dense punctures, interspaces much narrower than puncture diameter and mostly reduced to ridges on mesosoma; clypeus very shiny with scattered deep punctures in basal half and sparse micropunctures; tegula largely smooth and shiny, very sparsely micropunctate and with some deep punctures along inner margin; posterior face of propodeum with oblique striation in lower half. T1 with large oblique punctures, shallower medially and deeper laterally, posterior half of disc with a patch of scattered fine deep punctures; T2 with deep and dense oblique punctures, extreme base with a more sparsely punctate narrow area, preapical depressed area with very coarse oblique punctures and interspaces forming irregular longitudinal costulations; T3–T4 coarsely punctate similar to apical area of T2, but punctures smaller; T5 with scattered oblique punctures; S1 irregularly punctate; S2 with deep oblique punctures, larger basolaterally and becoming smaller apicomedially, preapical area with large coarse punctures forming longitudinal costulation; S3–S5 similar to respective tergites but punctures finer. Covered in short metallic pubescence, mostly silvery and sparse but brassy and denser on frons, mesoscutum and T2; short erect setae on frons, mesosoma and sternites, slightly longer on frons, apically curved on mesepisternum; propodeum with fine white setae above valvula.</p><p>Dark red with blackish areas on mesoscutum and metasoma; following parts ferruginous yellow: basal third of mandible, clypeus with lighter margins, interantennal space, lower half of eye margins, T5–T6; T1–T4 and S2–S3 with pale yellow apical band, very narrow on T1; S4–S6 dark orange; legs brownish-red. Wings hyaline with orange tinge basally and grayish apically.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 66B).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet refers to the elongate appearance of this species. It is an adjective.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF6FFF7FFF0AFEA1072DC7BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6DFF7FFF0AFE310152C5F7.text	190A0E05FF6DFF7FFF0AFE310152C5F7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tuleara leptochiloides Gusenleitner. D 2000	<div><p>Tuleara leptochiloides Gusenleitner, 2000</p><p>(Figs 55, 66C)</p><p>Tuleara leptochiloides Gusenleitner, 2000: 923, figs 1–3, ♂ —“ Madagaskar, Tulearr., Tongobory, 200m ” (NHMUK).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ HOLO- / TYPE. [rounded white label with red border] // MADAGASCAR / Tulear Pr. / Tongobory 200m. / 27.III.1968 / K.M G. &amp; P.D. // Brit. Mus. / 1968–321 // Tuleara / leptochiloides nov. spec. ♂ / J.Gusenleitner,det.2000 / Holotypus // Holotypus [red label] // B.M. TYPE / HYM / 18.1193 // [QR code] / NHMUK015610165 ” (NHMUK, code NHMUK015610165) . PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 1♂ (OLML) .</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga *, Toliara (Gusenleitner 2000, 2004) (Fig. 66C).</p><p>Notes. Gusenleitner (2004) described the female of this species, but due to the unavailability of the specimen and the misidentifications made by Gusenleitner as Tuleara leptochiloides (e.g., Afrepipona segregata), these data are considered doubtful and excluded from the distribution map.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF6DFF7FFF0AFE310152C5F7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6DFF79FF0AF924071FC5FA.text	190A0E05FF6DFF79FF0AF924071FC5FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tuleara nigrita Gusenleitner. A 2005	<div><p>Tuleara nigrita Gusenleitner, 2005 stat. nov.</p><p>(Figs 56, 66D)</p><p>Tuleara leptochiloides nigritus Gusenleitner, 2005: 1177, 1183, ♂ —“ Madagaskar, Tuléar, Tulear-Morombe ” (NHMW).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ MADAGASKAR: TULEAR / Tulear — Morombe / Pk 32 (S.I.B.) / 26. 10. 1997 MADL // Tuleara / leptochiloides / nigritus nov. spp. ♂ / J.Gusenleitner,det.2005 / Holotypus // Holotypus [red label] // NHMW ” (NHMW).</p><p>Description of female (hitherto unknown). Habitus in Fig. 56B. Differing from the male as follows: larger size (body length 7.0–9.0 mm; fore wing length 6.8–8.0 mm), mandible robust and with fourth tooth not differentiated from adjacent ones, clypeus 1.25× as wide as long and with narrower apical margin (0.25× as wide as clypeus),</p><p>vertex longer and 1.7× as long as ocellocular distance, cephalic foveae placed in the center of the vertex and spaced by about their diameter, mesosoma 1.35× as long as wide, pronotal carina more highly lamellate on lateral thirds, anterior margin of metanotum slightly sharper (Fig. 56D), sharper posterolateral corners of propodeum (Fig. 56C), apical margin of T3–T4 medially sinuate, S2 less bulging basally, punctures generally smaller and denser, face entirely orange up to upper limit of ocular sinus, anterior yellow band of pronotum wider and entirely covering lateral faces, apical band of T1 narrower, mid and hind coxae not entirely yellow below, legs brownish.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Gusenleitner 2005) (Fig. 66D).</p><p>Notes. Gusenleitner (2005) originally described this taxon as a subspecies of Tuleara leptochiloides, but comparison of the two taxa revealed several differences that allow considering T. nigrita a distinct species; the diagnostic characters are summarized in the key. As described above the newly found female specimens show several differences from the male holotype of this taxon, but they are nevertheless considered conspecific as the differences seem compatible with simple sexual dimorphism, other morphological and chromatic characters match, and all specimens come from very close localities. More material will be needed to confirm the conspecificity.</p><p>The genus-group name Tuleara derives from the Malagasy locality Toliara, often also reported as Tulear, and is therefore a name formed from a word that is neither Latin nor Greek subject to the rules of Art. 30.2 of the Code (ICZN 1999). Gusenleitner (2000) in the original description does not report the gender of Tuleara and Art. 30.2.3 establishes that if no gender was specified then the name takes the gender indicated by its combination with an adjectival species-group name of the originally included nominal species. In this case the only originally included nominal species is the type species Tuleara leptochiloides, but the adjectives ending in - oides remain as such in all three grammatical genders, not allowing tracing of the exact gender intended by Gusenleitner. Art. 30.2.4 therefore applies, which establishes that genus-group names that end in - a are feminine, as is therefore the case with Tuleara . Gusenleitner (2005) described the taxon nigritus with masculine gender, but since the gender of Tuleara is to be considered feminine, the name is to be changed to nigrita following Art. 34.2 of the Code (ICZN 1999).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF6DFF79FF0AF924071FC5FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6BFF78FF0AFBF1007FC142.text	190A0E05FF6BFF78FF0AFBF1007FC142.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tuleara pruinosa Selis 2025	<div><p>Tuleara pruinosa sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 57, 66E)</p><p>Diagnosis. Similar to Tuleara leptochiloides due to a very low pronotal carina (more highly lamellate in other species), vertical and weakly convex metanotum with blunt anterior margin (sloping, strongly convex or sharply margined in other species), and a strong and long epicnemial carina (barely indicated or strong but short in other species), but differentiated by finer epicnemial carina bordered by dense silvery pubescence(Fig. 57D), less bulging base of S2 (Fig. 57F), wider interspaces and denser pubescence on head and mesosoma (Fig. 57C), and smaller punctures on metasoma (Fig. 57E).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2118634 // MADAGASCAR: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.626667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.936832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.626667/lat -24.936832)">Tulear</a> / Prov. Andohahela NP / Tsimelahy, Parcelle II / 180 m 28 Mar–8 Apr 2003 / 24°56.21'S, 46°37.60'E / col. M. Irwin, F. Parker, / R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 024564 / malaise, transitional / forest, MA-02-20-20 // Tuleara pruinosa / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label]” (CAS, code CASTYPE21767) . PARATYPES: Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.8333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.6666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.8333/lat -22.6666)">Parc National de Vohibasia</a>, 44 km NE of Sakaraha, 22.6666S 44.8333E, 600 m, 26.X–2.XI.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2118542) .</p><p>Description. Female holotype (Fig. 57B). Body length 7.2 mm; fore wing length 6.0 mm.</p><p>Head 1.15× as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1× as wide as long, apical margin barely emarginate and 0.35× as wide as clypeus, apical teeth nearly right-angled with pointed apex; clypeus in lateral view barely convex, almost smoothly passing into frons. Vertex 2.1× as long as ocellocular distance, very weakly convex in lateral view; cephalic foveae fused in a single median pit, equidistant from ocellar triangle and occipital carina. Gena 0.8× as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, fine on vertex, thick and shortly lamellate on gena, distinctly curved in lower half. Flagellum weakly thickened towards apex, F1 1.2× as long as wide and 1.3× as long as F2, F2 subquadrate, F3–F9 transverse and becoming progressively slightly wider. Mesosoma 1.4× as long as wide, subcylindrical. Pronotum with almost straight and subparallel sides; pronotal carina disappearing on ventral corners of pronotum, dorsally developed in a short hyaline lamella which is lower in the middle and on humeri, evenly rounded on humeri, in dorsal view slightly concave medially; pretegular carina present only for a short and indistinct portion in front of anterior lobe of tegula. Scutellum wider than long, widely flattened on disc, anterior margin crenulate; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as ocellus. Metanotum nearly vertical, barely convex with slightly bulging anterior margin. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe right-angled with pointed apex and not equaling parategula; parategula basally right-angled and with slightly expanded apex. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina present but low and blunt. Propodeum short, in lateral view almost vertical; dorsal faces of propodeum short and weakly sloping, widely separated behind metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum very shallowly depressed, margin with other faces distinct but not carinate; posterior face of propodeum shallowly depressed, forming two pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line with wide blunt carina, basal subtriangular sclerite deeply depressed; submarginal carina of propodeum produced in a subtriangular lobe with widely rounded apex, valvula free and rectangular; dorsal carinae barely indicated by two short folds of the surface. T 1 in dorsal view nearly semicircular, wider than long, with converging sides and evenly rounded anterior margin; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex and divided in two distinct faces; apical margin of T1 with short hyaline border, almost disappearing medially. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide and with convex sides slightly compressed posteriorly, slightly wider than T1; preapical area of T2 deeply depressed and coarsely punctate, separated from preceding surface of tergite, followed by strongly reflexed but short translucent lamella, lamella about as long as one ocellar diameter in the middle and almost disappearing laterally. Apical margin of T3–T4 translucent and weakly sinuate in the middle. S2 strongly convex basally and then flattened, basal sloping area with a shallow and wide longitudinal depression, apical area depressed and lamellate but much less evidently than T2 and lamella not reflexed.</p><p>Head and mesosoma with deep punctures separated by less than their diameters, interspaces flattened and shiny, wider on gena and mesepisternum; clypeus micropunctate with small deep punctures, denser basally and gradually disappearing apically; tegula strongly shiny with scattered deep punctures, smooth on disc; dorsal faces of propodeum coarsely punctate, interspaces reduced to ridges on posteromedial part; lateral faces of propodeum with dense and small deep punctures; posterior face of propodeum smooth and shiny with scattered punctures in dorsal half and some oblique striae ventrally. T1 with shallow large punctures, basally arranged in a transverse series delimiting the two faces of the tergite; T2 with deep punctures, larger and sparser at extreme base and becoming smaller and denser, interspaces ranging from as wide as several puncture diameters basally to ridge-like apically, preapical depressed area with two to three series of large and coarse punctures and interspaces reduced to sharp ridges; T3–T5 with coarse punctures similar to preapical area of T2, but smaller and becoming progressively finer; S1 irregularly punctate with few longitudinal strong carinae; S2 with large deep punctures, denser on extreme sides and on disc, leaving a short preapical area with wide impunctate parts; S3–S5 similar to preapical area of S2 but punctures progressively finer and sparser. Covered in short silvery pubescence, with brassy tinges on mesoscutum, partly hiding the underlying surface under incident light; short erect setae on head, mesosoma and sternites, slightly longer on frons and curved on mesepisternum; propodeum with area above valvula covered in dense and long white pubescence and scattered long and fine setae; metasoma with dust-like pubescence, slightly shorter than on head and mesosoma.</p><p>Black with suffused and hardly visible dark-red tinge on some parts; following parts yellow: clypeus except basal suffused reddish spot, most of outer face of mandible, eye margin narrowly interrupted behind dorsal lobe of eye and filling eye sinus, longitudinal line filling interantennal space and reaching middle of frons, thin band along pronotal carina and ending just below humeri, thin outer margin of tegula, apex of parategula, projection of submarginal carina, very thin line bordering apical margin of T1 and S1, broad and regular apical band on T2–T5, rounded spots bordering basal slope of S2, sinuate apical bands on S2–S5, most of T6 and S6; legs reddish-brown with orange apical segments of tarsi. Wings hyaline with very weak grayish tinge, slightly orange along costal margin.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Variability. The paratype differs from the holotype in having brighter yellow markings and a very shallow subtriangular depression bordering the apical margin of clypeus.</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 66E).</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective “ pruinosus, - a, - um ” (= frosted), as the pubescence on the mesosoma gives a frosted appearance.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF6BFF78FF0AFBF1007FC142	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF68FF7AFF0AFF7C07A6C271.text	190A0E05FF68FF7AFF0AFF7C07A6C271.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tuleara sakalava (de Saussure 1890) Selis 2025	<div><p>Tuleara sakalava (de Saussure, 1890), comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 58A, 66F)</p><p>Odynerus sakalavus de Saussure, 1890: 161, 169, pl. XXII fig. 4, ♀ —[Madagascar] “ Nosibé ” (female holotype?ZMUH).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana (de Saussure 1890; Gusenleitner 2011) (Fig. 66F).</p><p>Genus Zethus Fabricius, 1804</p><p>Zethus Fabricius, 1804: xii, 282, genus (6 species). Type species: “ Zethus coeruleo-pennis Fab. ” [= Vespa coeruleopennis Fabricius, 1798], by subsequent designation of Latreille (1810: 328, 438).</p><p>Heros de Saussure, 1855: 115, division of genus Zethus Fabricius. Type species: Zethus gigas Spinola, 1841 [= Vespa coeruleopennis Fabricius, 1798], by monotypy. Junior subjective synonym of Zethus Fabricius, 1804 according to Bohart &amp; Stange (1965: 25).</p><p>Euzethus Dalla Torre, 1904: 14, name for division I of genus Zethus in de Saussure (1852: 9) (11 species). Type species. Vespa coeruleopennis Fabricius, 1798, by subsequent designation of van der Vecht &amp; Carpenter (1990: 24). Junior objective synonym of Zethus Fabricius, 1804 .</p><p>Key to the Malagasy species of Zethus</p><p>1. T1 fusiform, sides distinctly concave in apical half (Fig. 58B). Propodeum entirely punctate. Male: clypeus subquadrate, about as long as wide, and densely punctate, interspaces at most equal to puncture diameter (Fig. 58B); apical margin of clypeus subtruncate in the middle; F11 nearly straight in lateral view (Fig. 58B)................. Z. madecassus (von Schulthess)</p><p>- T1 bottle-shaped, sides straight in posterior half (Fig. 58C). Propodeum with short but strong transverse striae around median carina, punctate on the rest of the surface. Male: clypeus transverse, distinctly wider than long, and sparsely punctate, interspaces wider than puncture diameter (Fig. 58C); apical margin of clypeus weakly but distinctly concave; F11 distinctly curved in lateral view (Fig. 58C).............................................................. Z. seyrigi Giordani Soika</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF68FF7AFF0AFF7C07A6C271	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF68FF7AFF0AFB7F0002C3B2.text	190A0E05FF68FF7AFF0AFB7F0002C3B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zethus (Madecazethus) madecassus (von Schulthess 1907)	<div><p>Zethus (Madecazethus) madecassus (von Schulthess, 1907)</p><p>(Figs 1F, 58B, 66G)</p><p>Labus madecassus von Schulthess, 1907: 69, figs 4–8, ♂ —“ Kinkuni-See (N. W. Madagascar)” (ZMHB).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga, Toliara (von Schulthess 1907; Giordani Soika 1940, 1979; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2000, 2004) (Fig. 66G).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF68FF7AFF0AFB7F0002C3B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF68FF76FF0AFA3807A6C449.text	190A0E05FF68FF76FF0AFA3807A6C449.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zethus (Madecazethus) seyrigi Giordani Soika. I 1940	<div><p>Zethus (Madecazethus) seyrigi Giordani Soika, 1940</p><p>(Figs 1C, 58C, 66H)</p><p>Zethus Seyrigi Giordani Soika, 1940: 130 (key), 137, fig. I (16), ♀ —“ Madagascar: Bekily ” (holotype MSNVE).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ Madagascar / Bekily / III-28 / A.Seyrig // HOLOTYPUS / Z. Seyrigi / A.Giordani Soika [red label]” (MSNVE).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Giordani Soika 1940, 1979; Gusenleitner 2004) (Fig. 66H).</p><p>Species incertae sedis</p><p>“ Odynerus ” melanus de Saussure, 1853</p><p>(Figs 59, 66I)</p><p>Odynerus melanus de Saussure, 1853: 159, pl. XVIII fig. 9, ♀ —“ Madagascar ” (MNHN).</p><p>Odynerus malagassus de Saussure, 1900: 237, ♀ —“Nossi-Be” (type depository unknown). Syn. nov. Type material examined. HOLOTYPE Of ODYNERUS MELANUS: ♀ labelled “MUSÉUM PARIS // Odynerus / melanus / Madagasc. [handwritten] // [circular green label] // MNHN, Paris / EY46586 [QR code]” (MNHN, EY46586).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana, Toamasina, Toliara (de Saussure 1900; Giordani Soika 1941; Borsato 1999) (Fig. 66I).</p><p>Notes. de Saussure (1900: 237) described Odynerus malagassus de Saussure, 1900 comparing it with Odynerus sakalavus de Saussure, 1890 due to a similar general appearance and pattern, but highlighting several differences, and later the comparison was taken up by Giordani Soika (1941: 179) in his key to Malagasy “ Odynerus ” but indicating only the shape of the yellow band at the apex of T2 as a difference. As reported above, Odynerus sakalavus is here transferred to the genus Tuleara and the two species present numerous differences that deny any affinity, since O. malagassus does not present any of the typical characters of Tuleara (e.g., development of the submarginal carina, shape of the propodeal valvula, structure of T2). Borsato (1999: 108) introduced the new combination Postepipona malagassa without providing a reason, although it can be speculated that he followed an unpublished opinion of Giordani Soika, as one specimen of this species in MSNVE has an identification label written by Giordani Soika reporting “ Postepipona melana ”. As reported above (see under Antepipona), Postepipona turned out to be only a junior synonym of Antepipona, but O. malagassus does not present any character that allows it to be included in that genus, therefore ruling out its attribution to Antepipona . Moreover, comparison of specimens of Odynerus malagassus with the holotype of Odynerus melanus de Saussure, 1853 showed how they perfectly match in all characters, leading to the synonymy of O. malagassus under O. melanus . Comparison with other Malagasy and more broadly Old World genera of Eumeninae has not revealed clear affinities: when compared with the Malagasy genera, O. melanus shows a superficial similarity with the species of the genus Malagassodynerus, from which it differs however in the presence of a strong epicnemial carina (Fig. 59D), in the structure of the propodeum (Fig. 59C) and of T1 (Fig. 59E), while the presence of oblique carinae on the sides of T3–T6 (Fig. 59F) and the cephalic foveae placed very close to the ocelli (Fig. 59B) make it similar to Malgachemenes, from which it differs in its larger size, much stockier build, strong epicnemial carina (Fig. 59D) and non-translucent apical margin of T1 (Fig. 59E). Odynerus melanus could turn out to be an aberrant species belonging to one of the two mentioned genera or belong to an undescribed third genus, but this choice will have to be made following a phylogeny of the African Eumeninae, so for the moment it is considered as a species incertae sedis.</p><p>The hyalinelamellatus -group</p><p>Odynerus hyalinelamellatus Giordani Soika, 1941 and O. parvilamellatus Giordani Soika, 1941 are two species described by Giordani Soika (1941) in his key to Malagasy “ Odynerus ” and subsequently no longer treated from a taxonomic point of view, except for being considered as incertae sedis in the catalogue published by Carpenter &amp; Madl (2009). Although the types of both species are lost (Dal Pos et al. 2022), the study of new material has allowed identification of specimens coinciding with both species and to ascertain their affinities with Giordania nigra Gusenleitner, 1995, the only species included in the genus Giordania other than the type species Odynerus subventricosus . Since Giordania is here synonymized under Malagassodynerus (see under Malagassodynerus for more details), the three species listed above have been compared to the genus Malagassodynerus, revealing some important differences: suture between mesoscutum and scutellum deeply furrowed for most of its length and slightly crenate only at extreme sides, scutellum and metanotum flat and forming an even curvature with the rest of the mesosoma (Fig. 2K), basal fovea of the propodeum narrow and covering more than half of the median line (Fig. 2K), more convex and hemi-elliptical T1 (Figs 61C–G), mandibles proportionally longer (Figs 61A, B), female mandible with a very broad third tooth (Fig. 61B), vertex of the female with cephalic foveae placed just behind the ocellar triangle, male mandible thin and with very small third tooth and large perpendicularly projecting fourth tooth (Fig. 61A). The inclusion of these three species within Malagassodynerus would therefore be unjustified, as not supported by evident common characteristics. It is to be noted that the male of O. parvilamellatus shows the same modified mandible observed in the males of Tuleara and also the genitalia show some similarities, although the general morphology of the genitalia of these two taxa is quite common in the subfamily Eumeninae; on the other hand, these three species present several characters clearly not compatible with Tuleara, such as an elongate basal fovea of the propodeum and the morphology of submarginal carina and propodeal valvula, and the general body-plan is markedly different from that of Tuleara . Given these premises, it is difficult to ascertain the actual taxonomic position of these three species and the description of a dedicated genus should be done following a phylogenetic study covering the Malagasy Eumeninae, therefore Giordania nigra is considered as incertae sedis together with Odynerus hyalinelamellatus and O. parvilamellatus, forming a group here informally referred to as the “ hyalinelamellatus -group”.</p><p>Key to the species of the hyalinelamellatus -group</p><p>1. Apical margin of T2 not lamellate (Fig. 61D) or at most with a very narrow dark lamella (Fig. 61C), not clearly differentiated from the rest of the surface and not reflexed. Wings dark with black venation for about two-thirds, apical third light with yellowish-white venation (Fig. 60A)............................................. “ Giordania” nigra Gusenleitner</p><p>- Apical margin of T2 with a long translucent lamella, clearly separated from the rest of the surface and strongly reflexed, almost vertical (Figs 61E–G). Wings uniformly hyaline with yellowish-orange tinge (Figs 60B, C).......................... 2</p><p>2. T3 with an apical lamella similar to T2 (Figs 61E, F).................... “ Odynerus” hyalinelamellatus Giordani Soika</p><p>- T3 not lamellate, apical margin simple (Fig. 61G)......................... “ Odynerus” parvilamellatus Giordani Soika</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF68FF76FF0AFA3807A6C449	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF64FF76FF0AFD200115C2EA.text	190A0E05FF64FF76FF0AFD200115C2EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Giordania nigra Gusenleitner. B 1995	<div><p>“ Giordania” nigra Gusenleitner, 1995</p><p>(Figs 60A, 61B–D, 66J)</p><p>Giordania nigra Gusenleitner, 1995: 203, 209, figs 4, 6, ♀ —“ Madagaskar, Ste. Marie, Fluss Manandriana ” (NHMW).</p><p>Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ MADAGASKAR: Ste.Marie / Fluss Manandriana / 14.– 25.11.1994 MADL // Giordania / nigra nov. spec. ♀ / J.Gusenleitner,det.1995 / Holotypus // Holotypus [red label] // NHMW ” (NHMW).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa *, Toamasina (Gusenleitner 1995) (Fig. 66J).</p><p>Notes. The specimens examined show some variability in size and apex of T2, as the two specimens from Perinet are larger (body length 12.5–13.0 mm) and have a simple T2 margin (Fig. 61D), while the others, including the holotype, are smaller (body length 10.0–11.0 mm) and T2 has a very thin dark lamella visible at high magnification (Fig. 61C). However, the size and the metasomal lamellae are variable in other related species (e.g., O. hyalinelamellatus) and there is no other morphological difference, therefore in the absence of males to compare all specimens are considered to belong to the same species .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF64FF76FF0AFD200115C2EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF64FF76FF0AFAC10085C104.text	190A0E05FF64FF76FF0AFAC10085C104.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odynerus hyalinelamellatus Giordani Soika. E 1941	<div><p>“ Odynerus” hyalinelamellatus Giordani Soika, 1941</p><p>(Figs 2K; 60B; 61E, F; 66K)</p><p>Odynerus hyalinelamellatus Giordani Soika, 1941: 174, ♀ —“ Bekily ” (type lost).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana *, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1941) (Fig. 66K).</p><p>Notes. The specimen from Antsiranana, Sakalava Beach (CASENT2081256), has the apical lamellae of T2 – T3 clearly less developed (Fig. 61F) than the specimens from Toliara (Fig. 61E), but otherwise does not show any difference. Given the homogeneity of the females in this group of species and the provenance from opposite ends of the island, it cannot be excluded that it is a similar but distinct species, however the question cannot be clarified in the absence of male specimens. For the moment the specimen from Antsiranana is identified as Odynerus hyalinelamellatus due to the presence of the lamella also on T3. Given the apparent taxonomic complexity of this group, it would be desirable to designate a neotype as a reference standard for this species but given the homogeneity of females I prefer to defer this taxonomic action to when male specimens or genetic data will be available, so that a more representative neotype can be designated .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF64FF76FF0AFAC10085C104	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF62FF6FFF0AFF7C006BC0FD.text	190A0E05FF62FF6FFF0AFF7C006BC0FD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odynerus parvilamellatus Giordani Soika. A 1941	<div><p>“ Odynerus” parvilamellatus Giordani Soika, 1941</p><p>(Figs 60C, 61A, 61G, 66L)</p><p>Odynerus parvilamellatus Giordani Soika, 1941: 175, ♀, ♂ —“ Bekily ” (type lost).</p><p>Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa *, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1941) (Fig. 66L).</p><p>Notes. A male and a female were examined, collected at the same time in Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, both perfectly matching the description of Odynerus parvilamellatus published by Giordani Soika (1941: 175). However, the male presents a hint of lamella also at the apex of T3, and the presence of a lamella on T3 should be distinctive of O. hyalinelamellatus . The lamella of the male is extremely short and barely visible only for a very short stretch, but given also the presence of a female of O. hyalinelamellatus with reduced lamellae (see under that species) it cannot be excluded that the two taxa actually represent the range of variability of a single species, also given the apparent absence of further morphological differences between the females. For the moment, no taxonomic action is taken in this regard, postponing any possible synonymy until males of both forms or genetic data are available. As done for O. hyalinelamellatus, the designation of a neotype is not undertaken here.</p><p>Species designated as nomina dubia</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF62FF6FFF0AFF7C006BC0FD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF7DFF6EFF0AF8F40069C49A.text	190A0E05FF7DFF6EFF0AF8F40069C49A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Labus floricola de Saussure 1890	<div><p>Labus floricola de Saussure, 1890 nomen dubium</p><p>Labus floricola de Saussure, 1890: 151, pl. XXII fig. 3, ♀ [♂]—“ Madagascar: Antananarivo ” (type lost?).</p><p>Notes. de Saussure (1890) described Labus floricola based on a single female specimen collected by Franz Sikora near Antananarivo and subsequently reported further specimens and described the male (de Saussure 1900). A search of the MNHN collections by Quentin Rome resulted in a single male specimen (erroneously labelled as female), collected by Sikora and bearing an identification label reading “ floricola Sauss. ”. The identification label is in de Saussure’s handwriting, but the specimen is unlikely to be the holotype for three reasons: 1) the labels lack any reference to Antananarivo, cited as the collection locality by de Saussure (1890), and report a generic “ Madagascar ”; 2) the identification label is not in the usual format used by de Saussure to indicate type specimens in which he gave the genus, species, sex of the specimen and the abbreviation “Sss.”; 3) the specimen differs in several pattern aspects from the original description and illustration. Given these inconsistencies, it is unlikely that the specimen found is the holotype of Labus floricola, while it is likely to be one of the specimens examined subsequently and published in 1900 (de Saussure 1900: 235). Although it is certain that Labus floricola should be ascribed to the genus Cyrteumenes, in the absence of the holotype it is not possible to associate this name with certainty to one of the currently known species, since the description provided by de Saussure (1890) is applicable to at least three of them, and given the homogeneity of the species in the genus Cyrteumenes it is not possible to deduce the identity of Labus floricola on the basis of the non-type specimen found in MNHN, which instead coincides with Cyrteumenes mochii . Given these premises, the taxon Labus floricola is considered a nomen dubium to guarantee taxonomic stability within the genus Cyrteumenes .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF7DFF6EFF0AF8F40069C49A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF7CFF6EFF0AFD10009FC31F.text	190A0E05FF7CFF6EFF0AFD10009FC31F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptomenes laethificus Giordani Soika 1941	<div><p>Leptomenes laethificus Giordani Soika, 1941 nomen dubium</p><p>Leptomenes laethificus Giordani Soika, 1941: 187, ♂ —“ Madagascar: Maevatanana ” (type lost).</p><p>Notes. As reported by Dal Pos et al. (2022: 9) the type specimens of several Malagasy Eumeninae described by Giordani Soika are lost, including the holotype of Leptomenes laethificus . The identity of this species is doubtful as the description does not allow it to be associated with any of the seven species of Malagasy Leptomenes identified in this revision, as it presents evident morphological (e.g., clypeus, propodeum, T1, apical margin of T2) or pattern differences with all of them. It is noteworthy that Giordani Soika (1941: 188) reports in a footnote that the specimen presents some transverse striae and grooves on the metasoma, interpreted as developmental errors of the specimen which could indicate that the specimen was anomalous in other aspects as well. In addition, Giordani Soika (1977: 115) himself later reports that the attribution of the species to the genus Leptomenes is doubtful due to the strongly convex shape of T1, but the comparison of the description with all the Eumeninae studied during this revision did not allow identification of some correspondence with any of them. Given the absence of a type specimen and the impossibility of associating this taxon with any of the known species of Malagasy Eumeninae, Leptomenes laethificus is here considered a nomen dubium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF7CFF6EFF0AFD10009FC31F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF7CFF6EFF0AFA960146C0E4.text	190A0E05FF7CFF6EFF0AFA960146C0E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odynerus adulescens Giordani Soika 1941	<div><p>Odynerus adulescens Giordani Soika, 1941 nomen dubium</p><p>Odynerus adulescens Giordani Soika, 1941: 178, ♂ —“Antisrabé” (type lost).</p><p>Notes. As reported by Dal Pos et al. (2022: 9) the type specimens of several Malagasy Eumeninae described by Giordani Soika are lost, including the holotype of Odynerus adulescens . Following the key and description published by Giordani Soika (1941: 178) it is likely that the species should be attributed to Tuleara, however the brief description does not allow clear association of the name with one of the available species. Since the whereabouts of the holotype, the only known specimen, are unknown and the description is too brief to unequivocally recognize the species, Odynerus adulescens is here considered a nomen dubium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF7CFF6EFF0AFA960146C0E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF7CFF69FF0AF8CC0756C7C6.text	190A0E05FF7CFF69FF0AF8CC0756C7C6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odynerus antisrabensis Giordani Soika 1941	<div><p>Odynerus antisrabensis Giordani Soika, 1941 nomen dubium</p><p>Odynerus antisrabensis Giordani Soika, 1941: 175, ♀ —“Antisrabé” (type lost).</p><p>Notes. As reported by Dal Pos et al. (2022: 9) the type specimens of several Malagasy Eumeninae described by Giordani Soika are lost, including the female holotype of Odynerus antisrabensis . Following the key and the description it is evident that O. antisrabensis is in fact close to Odynerus hyalinelamellatus and O. parvilamellatus, from which it would differ for the total absence of the apical lamella on T 2. Specimens potentially compatible with O. antisrabensis have been examined and resulted substantially identical to the holotype of Giordania nigra, suggesting that the latter could be a junior synonym of O. antisrabensis . However, these specimens still show some differences with what Giordani Soika reported in the brief original description (Giordani Soika 1941: 175), such as the color of the wings (pale ferruginous in O. antisrabensis, basally blackened and apically whitish in the available material), and the absence of a type does not allow clarification of the exact identity of O. antisrabensis, which belongs to a group of species whose females are very homogeneous. For these reasons Odynerus antisrabensis is here designated nomen dubium, thus giving priority to Giordania nigra (which is here considered as incertae sedis), the holotype of which allows ascertaining of the exact identity of the species and maintain taxonomic stability.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF7CFF69FF0AF8CC0756C7C6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF7BFF69FF0AFDD203E3C5A0.text	190A0E05FF7BFF69FF0AFDD203E3C5A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odynerus puer Giordani Soika 1941	<div><p>Odynerus puer Giordani Soika, 1941 nomen dubium</p><p>Odynerus puer Giordani Soika, 1941: 175, ♀ —“ Bekily ” (type lost).</p><p>Notes. As reported by Dal Pos et al. (2022: 9) the type specimens of several Malagasy Eumeninae described by Giordani Soika are lost, including those of Odynerus puer . Following the key and the description (Giordani Soika 1941: 175) it is impossible to associate the taxon with one of the known species of Malagasy Eumeninae, furthermore the reported characters are compatible with different genera, not even allowing a sure generic attribution. Given the absence of type specimens and the impossibility of ascertaining the identity of this taxon, Odynerus puer is considered a nomen dubium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF7BFF69FF0AFDD203E3C5A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF7BFF69FF0AFC3D015AC3D7.text	190A0E05FF7BFF69FF0AFC3D015AC3D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Odynerus viridipictus Giordani Soika 1941	<div><p>Odynerus viridipictus Giordani Soika, 1941 nomen dubium</p><p>Odynerus viridipictus Giordani Soika, 1941: 178, ♂ —“ Bekily ” (type lost).</p><p>Notes. As reported by Dal Pos et al. (2022: 9) the type specimens of several Malagasy Eumeninae described by Giordani Soika are lost, including the holotype of Odynerus viridipictus . Following the key and description published by Giordani Soika (1941: 178) it is likely that the species should be attributed to Tuleara, and part of the description matches the species described above as T. alboviridis . However, the description also reports some characters in sharp contrast with those observed in T. alboviridis: clypeus much wider than long and with very wide emargination, propodeum with well-developed carinae and dentiform angles, and T1 and base of T2 with large punctures contrasting with fine punctures at apex of T2. Odynerus viridipictus was described only from the male holotype, while T. alboviridis only from females, so it cannot be excluded that these differences might fall within the sexual dimorphism, although such differences seem excessive for the two sexes of the same species. Since the whereabouts of the holotype of O. viridipictus are unknown and therefore it is not possible to confirm its identity, it seems more appropriate to consider this taxon a nomen dubium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF7BFF69FF0AFC3D015AC3D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF4FFF54FF0AFB19008CC01E.text	190A0E05FF4FFF54FF0AFB19008CC01E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antodynerus multicolor (de Saussure 1853)	<div><p>Antodynerus multicolor: Tuléar, Fort-Dauphin, 22.X.1993, leg. C. Kassebeer, 3♂ 1♀ (MSVI, OLML) .</p><p>Cyrteumenes mochii: Antananarivo, 3 km 41°NE Andranomay, 11.5 km 147°SSE Anjozorobe, 18.473333S 47.96E, 1300 m, 5–13.XII.2000, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2002196); Antananarivo, 46 km NE of Ankazobe, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.2815&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.198" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.2815/lat -18.198)">Ambohitantely</a>, 18.198S 47.2815E, 700 m, 7–22.XII.2004, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081304) ; Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.175667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.792667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.175667/lat -20.792667)">Miandritsara Forest</a>, 40 km S Ambositra, 20.792667S 47.175667E, 825 m, 7–13.XII.2005, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♂ (MSVI, code CASENT2081380) ; Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.175667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.792667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.175667/lat -20.792667)">Miandritsara Forest</a>, 40 km S Ambositra, 20.792667S 47.175667E, 825 m, 13–22.XI.2006, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2047053) .</p><p>Cyrteumenes seyrigi: Fianarantsoa, Parc Nacional Ranomafana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.426666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.26" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.426666/lat -21.26)">Bell Vue Trail</a>, 21.26S 47.426667E, 1000 m, 21.XII.1999,leg. M.E. Irwin &amp; E.I. Schlinger, 2♂ (CAS, codes CASENT3003722, CASENT3003728) ; Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.2665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420166/lat -21.2665)">Talatakely</a>, 21.2665S 47.420167E, 1020 m, 22–28.XI.2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2046469) ; Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.2665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420166/lat -21.2665)">Talatakely</a>, 21.2665S 47.420167E, 1020 m, 18–28. V.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (MSVI, code CASENT2153830) ; Fianarantsoa, PN <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.407166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.250834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.407166/lat -21.250834)">Ranomafana</a>, radio tower at forest edge, 21.250833S 47.407167E, 1130 m, 4–12.III.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2053920) ; Fianarantsoa, PN <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.407166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.250834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.407166/lat -21.250834)">Ranomafana</a>, radio tower at forest edge, 21.250833S 47.407167E, 1130 m, 5–15.VII.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2053915) ; N.E. Madagascar, Fampanambo, II.1959, leg. J. Vadon, 1♀ (MSNVE) ; Ste. Marie, Foret de Kalalao, 23–26.X.1992, leg. M. Madl, 1♀ (NHMW) ; Ste. Marie, Foret de Kalalao, 11–25.XI.1993, leg. M. Madl, 1♀ (NHMW) .</p><p>Cyrtolabulus bekilyensis: Toliara, PN de Kirindy Mitea, 15.5 km 64°ENE of Marofandilia, 20.045020S 44.662211E, 100 m, 28.XI–3.XII.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046393); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona village, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440843S 43.899655E, 43 m, 21–26.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 5♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2068935, CASENT2068979, CASENT2069014; MSVI, codes CASENT2068946, CASENT2068999); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.899654&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.440844" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.899654/lat -23.440844)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.899654&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.440844" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.899654/lat -23.440844)">Ambohimahavelona village</a>, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440843S 43.899655E, 43 m, 26–31.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 5♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2174902, CASENT2174905, CASENT2174968, CASENT2174972; MSVI, code CASENT2174970); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.899654&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.440844" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.899654/lat -23.440844)">Tuléar</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.899654&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.440844" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.899654/lat -23.440844)">Baie de St. Augustin</a>, Onilahy-Fluss, 3.X.1996, leg. M. Madl, 2♂ 1♀ (NHMW) ; Tuléar, Baie de St. Augustin, Onilahy-Fluss, 19.V.1997, leg. M. Madl, 2♂ 1♀ (NHMW) ; Tulear, Berenty Special Reserve, 8 km NW of Amboasary, 25.006676S 46.303322E, 85 m, 25–26.X.2002, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153816); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.30332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.006676" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.30332/lat -25.006676)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.30332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.006676" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.30332/lat -25.006676)">Berenty Special Reserve</a>, 8 km NW of Amboasary, 25.006676S 46.303322E, 85 m, 25.II–7.III.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153800) .</p><p>Cyrtolabulus flavorufus: Antsiranana, Diana Region, Orangea dry forest, Ramena, Baie de dune 900 m E of Camp Minier, 12.232843S 49.366478E, 152 m, 23.II–2.III.2011, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2118536); Antsiranana, Diana Region, Orangea dry forest, Ramena, Baie de dune 900 m E of Camp Minier, 12.232843S 49.366478E, 152 m, 18–26.V.2011, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2118495); Antsiranana, Rés. Speciale de l’Ankarana, 22.9 km 224°SW Anivorano Nord, 12.908909S 49.109711E, 80 m, 10–16.II.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046489); Antsiranana, Vohemar Dist., SAVA region, Andranotsimaty dry forest, 9 km NE Daraina, 13.169510S 49.700666E, 90 m, 19–26.XII.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2118484); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451187S 47.613322E, 33 m, 3–10.V.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin &amp; F. Parker, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2047146); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451187S 47.613322E, 33 m, 17–26.V.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin &amp; F. Parker, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT8105825; MSVI, code CASENT8105826); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451187S 47.613322E, 33 m, 1–28.X.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin &amp; F. Parker, 1♂ 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2047096, CASENT2047097, CASENT2047098); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN04, 16.319343S 46.813333E, 43 m, 17–24.VIII.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153757); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN04, 16.319343S 46.813333E, 43 m, 24–31.VIII.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT2153772); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN04, 16.319343S 46.813333E, 43 m, 28.XI–5.X.2003, leg. R.Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153657); Majunga,Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.133364S 45.699999E, 2–9.X.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 3♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2047014, CASENT2047016; MSVI, code CASENT2047012); Toliara, Foret Vohidava 88.9 km N Amboasary, 24.240584S 46.287767E, 500 m, 6–8.XII.2006, leg. B.L. Fisher et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2081313); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626655E, 180 m, 28.III–8.IV.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2118632, CASENT2118633); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626655E, 180 m, 22–29.VI.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081400); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626655E, 180 m, 30.X– 9.XI.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2053818); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626655E, 180 m, 12–23.II.2004, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (MSVI, code CASENT2153533); Tulear, Berenty Special Reserve, 8 km NW Amboasary, 25.006666S 46.303322E, 85 m, 17–24.III.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153814); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle I near research station, 23.686509S 44.590999E, 165 m, 23.III–2.IV.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153871); Tulear, Zombitse NP, near national road, 22.840509S 44.731166E, 825 m, 5–12.I.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153889).</p><p>Cyrtolabulus madli: Antananarivo, 46 km NE of Ankazobe, Ambohitantely, 18.198020S 47.281489E, 700 m, 17– 24.X.2003,leg.M.Irwin&amp;R.Harin’Hala, 4♂ (CAS, codes CASENT2081272,CASENT2081273,CASENT2081274; MSVI, code CASENT2081271); Antananarivo, 46 km NE of Ankazobe, Ambohitantely, 18.198020S 47.281489E, 700 m, 20.I–1.II.2004, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2081282); Fianarantsoa, 50 km S of Farafangana, Mahabo Mananivo, Ampitavananima Forest, 23.129862S 47.716999E, 34 m, 3–9.I.2008, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2047135); Mahajanga, NP d’Ankarafantsika, Ampijoroa Sta. For., 40 km 306°NW Andranofasika, 16.320841S 46.810542E, 130 m, 26.III–1.IV.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2046419); Mahajanga, Parc National d’Ankarafantsika,Ampijoroa Station Forestiere, 40 km 306°NW Andranofasika, 16.320841S 46.810542E, 130 m, 26.III–1.IV.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 2♂ (CAS, code CASENT2001657; MSVI, code CASENT2001658); Mahajanga, PN d’Ankarafantsika, Foret Tsimaloto, 18.3 km 48°NE de Ts’aramandroso, 16.228045S 46.143611E, 136 m, 2–8.IV.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046398); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197S 47.613301E, 33 m, 4–14.I.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala &amp; M. Irwin, 4♂ (CAS, codes CASENT8105950, CASENT8105951, CASENT8105956; MSVI, code CASENT8105953); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197S 47.613301E, 33 m, 3–10.III.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala &amp; M. Irwin, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2046280, CASENT2046281); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197S 47.613301E, 33 m, 1–28.X.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala &amp; M. Irwin, 1♂ (MSVI, code CASENT2047095); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197S 47.613301E, 33 m, 23.XI–8.XII.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala &amp; M. Irwin, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT8105942; MSVI, code CASENT8105935); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197S 47.613301E, 33 m, 11–20.XII.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala &amp; M. Irwin, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2047064); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197S 47.613301E, 33 m, 31.XII.2007 – 7.I.2008, leg. R. Harin’Hala &amp; M. Irwin, 2♂ (CAS, code CASENT2047076; MSVI, code CASENT2047077); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N Maevatanana on RN04, 16.319353S 46.813333E, 43 m, 24–31.VIII.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2153773); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N Maevatanana on RN04, 16.319353S 46.813333E, 43 m, 7–14.IX.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153719; MSVI, code CASENT2153714); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N Maevatanana on RN04, 16.319353S 46.813333E, 43 m, 22–28.IX.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2153600); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N Maevatanana on RN04, 16.319353S 46.813333E, 43 m, 28.IX–5.X.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153656; MSVI, code CASENT2153659); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N Maevatanana on RN04, 16.319353S 46.813333E, 43 m, 19–26.X.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2081406, CASENT2081419); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N Maevatanana on RN04, 16.319353S 46.813333E, 43 m, 26.X–2.XI.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153762); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N Maevatanana on RN04, 16.319353S 46.813333E, 43 m, 9–20.XI.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2153560, CASENT2153568); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N Maevatanana on RN04, 16.319353S 46.813333E, 43 m, 20–30.XI.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 3♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2153748;MSVI,codes CASENT2153749,CASENT2153750,CASENT2153751);Majunga,Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.133343S 45.699999E, 20.XI–4.XII.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046278); Majunga, Beaboaly Bamboo Forest, 10 km SW of Soalala, 4 km from Baly village, 16.045364S 45.803999E, 7–13.XI.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2068953, CASENT2068954); Majunga, Besalampy District, Marofototra palm forest, 17 km W of Besalampy, 16.721656S 44.423666E, 24–31.XII.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2069004); Toliara, Foret de Tsinjoriake, 6.2 km 84°E Tsifota, 22.802212S 43.420544E, 70 m, 6–10.III.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046297); Toliara, Manderano, 23.527509S 44.088322E, 70 m, 22–29.V.2002, leg. Frontier Wilderness Project, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT2218471; MSVI, code CASENT2218470); Toliara, Manderano, 23.527509S 44.088322E, 70 m, 23.VI–27.VII.2002, leg. Frontier Wilderness Project, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2177673); Toliara, PN de Kirindy Mitea, 16.3 km 127°SE Belo sur Mer, 20.795277S 44.146933E, 80 m, 6–10.XII.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 2♂ (CAS, codes CASENT2046357, CASENT2046358); Toliara, PN de Tsimanampetsotsa, Foret de Bemanateza, 20.7 km 81°E Efoetsy, 23 km 131°SE Beheloka, 23.992212S 43.880555E, 90 m, 22–26.III.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ 3♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2081165, CASENT2081167, CASENT2081168; MSVI, code CASENT2081166); Toliara, PN de Tsimanampetsotsa, Mitoho Cave, 6.4 km 77°ENE Efoetsy, 17.4 km 170°S Beheloka, 24.047231S 43.753055E, 40 m, 18–22.III.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081122); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona village, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440843S 43.899645E, 45 m, 21–25.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT2069016; MSVI, code CASENT2069011); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona village, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440843S 43.899645E, 45 m, 28.I– 6.II.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2174893); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona village, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.439980S 43.899645E, 43 m, 21–26.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2068985); Tulear,Andohahela NP, Ihazofotsy Parcelle III, 24.830843S 46.536166E, 80 m, 20.V–3.VI.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2053880, CASENT2053882; MSVI, code CASENT2053879); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Ihazofotsy Parcelle III, 24.830843S 46.536166E, 80 m, 2–11.IV.2004, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2053885); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936823S 46.626645E, 180 m, 26.I–5.II.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2053869, CASENT2053870); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936823S 46.626645E, 180 m, 12–23.II.2004, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153534); Tulear, Androimpano Forest, 3 km E of Itampolo, 24.657852S 43.956166E, 45 m, 6–13.XI.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174979); Tulear, Ankazomena, 8 km N of Ambohimahavelona village, 23.430333S 43.834145E, 122 m, 21–31.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174882); Tulear, Berenty Special Res., 8 km NW Amboasary, 25.006686S 46.303322E, 85 m, 15–25.II.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2153593); Tulear, Berenty Special Res., 8 km NW Amboasary, 25.006686S 46.303322E, 85 m, 7–17.III.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153695); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle I near research station, 23.686490S 44.590999E, 165 m, 25.XII.2001 – 2.I.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153823); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle I near research station, 23.686490S 44.590999E, 165 m, 1–8.II.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT2153860); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle I near research station, 23.686490S 44.590999E, 165 m, 29.III–10.IV.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153861); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle II near Bellevue, 23.689843S 44.575478E, 180 m, 1–8.II.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153855); Tulear, Ifaty, near Hotel Paradisia in coastal dunes, 23.179666S 43.616833E, 9 m, 13.X–12.XI.2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2081110); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.913323S 43.482166E, 27 m, 18–29.IV.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153836); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903676S 43.475499E, 30 m, 6–16.I.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT2046454); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903676S 43.475499E, 30 m, 23.IX–3.X.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2053896, CASENT2053897); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.913323S 43.482166E, 37 m, 23.16– 17.I.2002, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081205); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.913323S 43.482166E, 37 m, 23.VII–6.VIII.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153876); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest, 24.048509S 43.752333E, 120 m, 24–29.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174866; MSVI, code CASENT2174864); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest, 24.048509S 43.752333E, 120 m, 19–27.XII.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174935); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest, 24.048509S 43.752333E, 120 m, 23–31.I.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2174867, CASENT2174868); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest, 24.048509S 43.752333E, 120 m, 26.II–2.III.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2174873); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest plateau, 24.048519S 43.752322E, 150 m, 24–29.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin&amp;R.Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174875;MSVI,code CASENT2174877);Tulear,Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest plateau, 24.048519S 43.752322E, 150 m, 27.XII.2008 – 2.I.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2174948); Tulear, Tuelar-Morombe, Pk 32 (S.I.B.), 26.X.1997, leg. M. Madl, 1♀ (NHMW).</p><p>Cyrtolabulus parvulus: Toliara, Foret de Tsinjoriake, 6.2 km 84°E of Tsifota, 22.802212S 43.420544E, 70 m, 6–10.III.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046296); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936843S 46.626655E, 180 m, 30.X–9.XI.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2053819); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936843S 46.626655E, 180 m, 12– 23.II.2004, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153532); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Androimpano Forest</a>, 3 km E of Itampolo, 24.657852S 43.956166E, 45 m, 22–29.I.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 5♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2174975, CASENT2174978, CASENT2174981, CASENT2174983; MSVI, code CASENT2174976); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Androimpano Forest</a>, 5 km E of Itampolo, 24.650343S 43.963155E, 130 m, 11– 18.XII.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174941); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle I near research station, 23.686499S 44.590999E, 165 m, 20–24.XII.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2153868, CASENT2153869); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, Cap Ste Marie Spec. Res., 74 km S of Tsihombe, 25.587657S 45.162989E, 37 m, 9–15.XII.2002, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081319); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Mikea Forest</a>, NW of Manombo, 22.903676S 43.475499E, 30 m, 17–28.I.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046321); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Mikea Forest</a>, NW of Manombo, 22.903676S 43.475499E, 30 m, 23.VII– 6.VIII.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT2153873); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Mikea Forest</a>, NW of Manombo, 22.903676S 43.475499E, 30 m, 23.IX–3.X.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2053895); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Mikea Forest</a>, NW of Manombo, 22.903676S 43.475499E, 30 m, 11–24.II.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2053899); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Mikea Forest</a>, NW of Manombo, 22.913323S 43.482166E, 37 m, 16–17.I.2002, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT2081206); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Mikea Forest</a>, NW of Manombo, 22.913323S 43.482166E, 37 m, 8–18.III.2002, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2081203, CASENT2081204); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tsifota</a>, 20 km N of Manombo, 1 km E of Tsifota Village, 22.818009S 43.372666E, 15 m, 30.X–9.XII.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2069003); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tsifota</a>, 20 km N of Manombo, 1 km E of Tsifota Village, 22.818009S 43.372666E, 15 m, 29.XII.2008 – 8.I.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2069000); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tsifota</a>, 20 km N of Manombo, 1 km E of Tsifota Village, 22.818009S 43.372666E, 15 m, 14–24.II.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2069001); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tsimanampetsotsa National Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Mitoho Forest</a>, 24.048509S 43.752322E, 120 m, 24–29.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 3♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2174859, CASENT2174860, CASENT2174862); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tsimanampetsotsa National Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Mitoho Forest</a>, 24.048509S 43.752322E, 120 m, 19–27.XII.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2174939, CASENT2174949; MSVI, code CASENT2174942); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tsimanampetsotsa National Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Mitoho Forest</a>, 24.048509S 43.752322E, 120 m, 9–15.I.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT2174925); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Tsimanampetsotsa National Park</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.75231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.04851" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.75231/lat -24.04851)">Mitoho Forest</a> plateau, 24.048509S 43.752311E, 150 m, 24–29.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2174881) .</p><p>Cyrtolabulus rhombicus: Antsiranana, Foret d’Orangea, 3.6 km 128°SE Ramena, 12.258899S 49.374700E, 90 m, 22–28.II.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 2♂ (CAS, codes CASENT2081134, CASENT2081135); Antsiranana, Diana Region, Orangea dry forest, Ramena, Baie de dune 900 m E of Camp Minier, 12.232822S 49.366478E, 152 m, 23–30.III.2011, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2118479); Antsiranana, SAVA Region, Vohemar District, 43 km E of Daraina, Analabe Sahaka littoral forest, 13.079358S 49.902319E, 182 m, 5–12.X.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT2118537; MSVI, code CASENT2118535); Antsiranana, SAVA Region, Vohemar District, 43 km E of Daraina, Analabe Sahaka littoral forest, 13.079358S 49.902319E, 182 m, 14–21.XII.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2118451); Diego-Suarez, PN Montagne d’Ambre, 12.514433S 49.181388E, 960 m, 11–12.II.2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081117; MSVI, code CASENT2081119); Diego-Suarez, PN Montagne d’Ambre, 12.520288S 49.179145E, 1125 m, 5–21.IX.2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046292); Diego-Suarez, Sakalava Beach, 12.262086S 49.392156E, 10 m, 27.I.2001, leg. M.E. Irwin, E.I. Schlinger &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT8015958); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN04, 16.319333S 46.813322E, 43 m, 17–24.VIII.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153758); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN04, 16.319333S 46.813322E, 43 m, 24–31.VIII.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2153770); Tulear, Itampolo, Sud A Sud Hotel, 24.690490S 43.943978E, 12 m, 25–29.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♂ (CAS, codes CASENT2174932, CASENT2174980); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest, 24.048499S 43.752333E, 120 m, 24–29.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♂ 3♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2174853, CASENT2174857, CASENT2174876, CASENT2174923; MSVI, code CASENT2174852); Tulear, Tuelar-Morombe, Pk 32 (S.I.B.), 26.X.1997, leg. M. Madl, 1♀ (NHMW).</p><p>Cyrtolabulus sollicitus: Angavokely Mt., 20.III.1984, leg. L.A. Nilsson, 1♀ (MSNVE) ; Antananarivo, Andebadeba, 4 km from Arivonimamo, 19.004823S 47.142489E, 1600 m, 7–14.X.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT2047072); Antananarivo, Andebadeba, 4 km from Arivonimamo, 19.004823S 47.142489E, 1600 m, 14–21.X.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2047085, CASENT2047093); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173353S 47.085999E, 1360 m, 9–19.XII.2002, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8105887); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173353S 47.085999E, 1360 m, 27.XI–7.XII.2003, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT8105817); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173353S 47.085999E, 1360 m, 22.I–4.II.2004, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8105897); Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.175644&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.792677" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.175644/lat -20.792677)">Miandritsara Forest</a>, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792676S 47.175645E, 825 m, 7–13.XII.2005, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 3♂ (CAS, codes CASENT2081381, CASENT2081384; MSVI, code CASENT2081383) .</p><p>Delta emarginatum: Antananarivo, Park Tsimbazaza, 14.X.1993, leg. C. Kassebeer, 1♀ (MSVI) ; Antananarivo, Tana, K. Fandriampahalemana, 9.X.1993, leg. C. Kassebeer, 1♂ (MSVI); Antsiranana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.333332/lat -12.325)">Montaigne Francais</a>, 12.325000S 49.333333E, 150 m, 23.I.2001, leg. M. Irwin, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8077301) ; Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.974&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.548" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.974/lat -21.548)">6 km SE of Namorona</a>, 21.548000S 47.974000E, 125 m, 9.XII.1999, leg. M. Irwin &amp; E. Schlinger, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT3003709) ; Majunga, Ankarafantsika Forest Station, 113 km SE of Mahajanga, 21–22.XI.1986, leg. J.W. Wenzel, 1♀ (MSVI) ; Toliara, Mangily, 3.IV.2008, leg. G. Pezzi, 2♂ (MSVI) ; Tulear, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.7/lat -23.7)">Beza Mahafaly Reserve</a>, 23.7S 44.7E, leg. R. W. Brooks, 1♀ (MSVI) ; Tulear, 3 km W of Ranohira, SE edge of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.3841&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.5625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.3841/lat -22.5625)">Isalo National Park</a>, 22.562500S 45.384100E, 1075 m, 17.XII.1999, leg. M. Irwin &amp; E. Schlinger, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT3003699) .</p><p>Delta guerini: Ambatolaona, I.1933, 1♂ (MSVI); Antsiranana, Montaigne Francais, 150 m, 23–30.I.2001, leg. M. Irwin, 3♀ (CAS, codes CASENT8077155, CASENT8077182; MSVI, code CASENT8015296); Bekily, I.1933, leg. A. Seyrig, 2♀ (MSVI); Bekily, VI.1933, leg. A. Seyrig, 2♂ 1♀ (MSVI); Bekily, X–XI.1936, leg. A. Seyrig, 1♂ 1♀ (MSVI); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333S 47.086000E, 1360 m, 16–26.X.2003, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8105893); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333S 47.086000E, 1360 m, 2–14.X.2004, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT8105969); Fianarantsoa, Massif de Andringitra, 20 km S of Ambalavao, 21.964S 46.933167E, 975 m, 19.XII.1999, leg. M. Irwin, E. Schlinger &amp; H. Rasolondalao, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT3003748); Fianarantsoa, near Isalo National Park, 22.626667S 45.358167E, 885 m, 14–22.VI.2003, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT8105928); Fianarantsoa, 50 km S of Farafangana, Mahabo Mananivo, Ampitavananima Forest, 23.129833S 47.717000E, 34 m, 22–28.XI.2007, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2047139); Ihosy, leg. A. Seyrig, 1♀ (MSVI); Majunga, Ambatofolaka, Namoroka, 53 km from Soalala, 3 km N of Vilanandro village, 16.473333S 45.391333E, 2–9.XI.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT8105988); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319333S 46.813333E, 43 m, 28.IX–5.X.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2153651); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.133333S 45.7E, 15–22.I.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8105848); Tananarive, Tzimbazaza, I.1952, leg. R. Benoist, 1♂ (MSVI); Toliara, Manderano, 23.527500S 44.088333E, 70 m, 15–29.V.2002, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2177691); Toliara, Manderano, 23.527500S 44.088333E, 70 m, 23.VI–27.VII.2002, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2177672); Toliara, PN de Kirindy Mitea, 16.3 km 127°SE Belo sur Mer, 20.795278S 44.146944E, 80 m, 6–10.XII.2001, leg. Fisher, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2046340, CASENT2046367); Toliara, PN de Kirindy Mitea, 20.7 km 29°WNW Tongobory, 23.524167S 44.121389E, 75 m, 27.II–3.III.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2046372); Toliara, PN de Tsimanampetsotsa, Mitoho Cave, 6.4 km 77°ENE of Efoetsy, 17.4 km 170°S Beheloka, 24.047222S 43.753056E, 40 m, 18–22.III.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2046355); Toliara, PN de Vohibasia, 44 km NE of Sakaraha, 22.666667S 44.833333E, 600 m, 11–17.X.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2177717); Toliara, PN de Vohibasia, 44 km NE of Sakaraha, 22.666667S 44.833333E, 600 m, 22–30.XI.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2118530); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona village, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833S 43.899667E, 45 m, 21–31.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 6♂ 3♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2068970, CASENT2068971, CASENT2068987, CASENT2068990, CASENT2068994, CASENT2174921; MSVI, codes CASENT2068950, CASENT2068967, CASENT2068968); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona village, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833S 43.899667E, 45 m, 10–21.VIII.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174944); Tulear, Andohahela NP,Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626667E, 180m, 16–17.XII.2002, leg.M.Irwin, F.Parker &amp;R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2118580); Tulear, Cap Ste Marie Spec. Res., 74 km S of Tsihombe, 25.587667S 45.163000E, 37 m, 25.II–7.III.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081324); Tuléar, Fort-Dauphin, 22.X.1993, leg.C. Kassebeer, 1♂ (MSVI); Tuléar, Fort-Dauphin, 24.X.1993, leg.C. Kassebeer, 1♀ (MSVI); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903667S 43.475500E, 30 m, 29.VI–6.VII.2003, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (MSVI, code CASENT2118522); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903667S 43.475500E, 30 m, 6–17.VII.2003, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT8105885); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903667S 43.475500E, 30 m, 17–27.VII.2003, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT8105919); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa NP, Mitoho Forest, 24.048500S 43.7523333E, 120 m, 24–29.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2174858, CASENT2174863, CASENT2174880); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa NP, Mitoho Forest, 24.048500S 43.752333E, 120 m, 23–31.I.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (MSVI, code CASENT2174871); Tulear, 1 km N of Andranovelona, 23.443S 43.886E, 200 m, 16.XII.1999, leg. M. Irwin &amp; E. Schlinger, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT3003707); Tulear, 1 km SW of Manombe, 22.951000S 43.464000E, 3 m, 12.X.2001, leg. M. Irwin, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8077237); Tulear, 20 km N of Tulear on Ferme d’Auberge Rd., 23.429S 43.830E, 200 m, 15–16.XII.1999, leg. M. Irwin &amp; E. Schlinger, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT3003715).</p><p>Delta regina: Antananarivo, Park Tsimbazaza, 27.X.1993, leg. C. Kassebeer, 1♀ (MSVI) ; Antsiranana, forest area <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.25/lat -12.333333)">7 km N of Joffreville</a>, 12.333333S 49.250000E, 360 m, 26.I.2001, leg. M. Irwin, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8077343) ; Antsiranana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.914444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.308889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.914444/lat -14.308889)">Foret d’Anabohazo</a>, 21.6 km 247°WSW of Maromandia, 14.308889S 47.914444E, 120 m, 11– 16.III.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2008781) ; Antsiranana, Marojejy, 10 km NW of Manantenina, tributary <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.761665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.433333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.761665/lat -14.433333)">Manantenina</a> R., 14.433333S 49.761667E, 750 m, 15–22.X.1996, leg. Quinter &amp; Nguyen, 1♀ (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC00445387) ; Antsiranana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.333332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.333332/lat -12.325)">Montaigne Francais</a>, 12.325000S 49.333333E, 150 m, 23.I.2001, leg. M. Irwin, 3♀ (CAS, codes CASENT8077300, CASENT8077565; MSVI, code CASENT8015280) ; Antsiranana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=49.109722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.908889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 49.109722/lat -12.908889)">Rés. Spéciale de l’Ankarana</a>, 22.9 km 224°SW of Anivorano Nord, 12.908889S 49.109722E, 80 m, 10–16.II.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2046482) ; Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.086&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.173332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.086/lat -20.173332)">Italaviana</a>, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333S 47.086000E, 1360 m, 3–15.I.2005, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8105824) ; Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.73&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.73/lat -23.028)">Manombo Special Reserve</a>, 20 km SSW of Farafangana, 23.028000S 47.730000E, 60 m, 10.XII.1999, leg. M. Irwin &amp; E. Schlinger, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT3003704; MSVI, code CASENT3003703) ; Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana National Park, Talatakely, intersection of Trails B and BF, 950- 950 m, 2.XI.1998, leg. V. Lee &amp; K. Ribardo, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT3003761) ; Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.426918&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.248194" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.426918/lat -21.248194)">Talatakely</a>, research laboratory area, 21.248194S 47.426917E, 940 m, 30.X–20.XI.1998, leg. V. Lee &amp; K. Ribardo, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT3003762) ; Fianarantsoa, Reserve Speciale de Manombo, X.2000, leg. M. Irwin, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT3003773) ; Fianarantsoa, Parc Nacional Ranomafana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.426666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.26" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.426666/lat -21.26)">Bell Vue Trail</a>, 21.260000S 47.426667E, 1000 m, 21.XII.1999, leg. M. Irwin &amp; E. Schlinger, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT3003706) ; Majunga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.613335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.451167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.613335/lat -15.451167)">Ambovomamy Belambo</a>, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451167S 47.613333E, 33 m, 22–27.I.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin &amp; F. Parker, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8105806) ; Majunga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.81333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.319332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.81333/lat -16.319332)">Ampijoroa</a> NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319333S 46.813333E, 43 m, 19–26.X.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081402) ; Tamatave, Périnet Park, 11.X.1993, leg. C. Kassebeer, 1♀ (MSVI) ; Tananarive, Antananarivo, Parc de Tsimbazaza, 1.XI.1984, leg. R. W. Brooks, 1♂ 1♀ (AMNH, codes AMNH _ IZC00418840, AMNH _ IZC0418841) ; Toamagina, Parc Nacional Andasibe ( Perinet), 19 km E of Moramanga, 1000 m, 5.XII.1999, leg. E. Schlinger, M. Irwin &amp; H. Rasolondalao, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT3003710) ; Toamagina, Parc Nacional Andasibe ( Perinet), 19 km E of Moramanga, 1000 m, 24.XII.1999, leg. E. Schlinger, M. Irwin &amp; H. Rasolondalao, 4♀ (CAS, codes CASENT3003698, CASENT3003700, CASENT3003702; MSVI, code CASENT3003705) ; Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.833332/lat -22.666668)">Parc National de Vohibasia</a>, 44 km NE of Sakaraha, 22.666667S 44.833333E, 600 m, 11–17.X.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2177719) ; Tulear, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.591&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.6865" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.591/lat -23.6865)">Beza Mahafaly Res.</a>, Parcelle I near research station, 23.686500S 44.591000E, 165 m, 9–20.IX.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8600804) ; Tulear, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.903667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4755/lat -22.903667)">Mikea Forest</a>, NW of Manombo, 22.903667S 43.475500E, 30 m, 29. VI –6.VII.2003, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 4♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2118513, CASENT2118515, CASENT2118517, CASENT2118521; MSVI, code CASENT2118519) ; 130 km E of Antananarivo, Andasibe, 12– 26.III.2012, 1♀ (MSVI) .</p><p>Delta sakalavum: Antsirabe, XI.1936, leg. A. Seyrig, 2♂ (MSVI) ; Betroka, I.1933, 1♀ (MSVI) ; Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.175667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.792667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.175667/lat -20.792667)">Miandritsara Forest</a>, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792667S 47.175667E, 825 m, 15–24.I.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2047128) ; Lag Alaotra, VIII.1928, leg. A. Seyrig, 1♀ (MSVI) ; Tananarivo, 1♀ (MSVI) .</p><p>Knemodynerus aequabilis: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.899666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.440832" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.899666/lat -23.440832)">Tulear</a>, Ambohimahavelona village, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833S 43.899667E, 43 m, 21–26.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.7/lat -23.7)">Harin’Hala</a>, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2068965); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Reserve, 23.7S 44.7E, 18.XI.1984, leg. R . W. Brooks, 1♀ (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC00418852) .</p><p>Knemodynerus pensus: 30km E Ambanja, Moravalo, 1.XII.2001, leg. Pljushtch, 1♂ (OLML); Mahajanga, PN Tsingy de Bemaraha, 3.4 km 93°E Bekopaka, Tombeau Vazimba, 19.141944S 44.828056E, 50 m, 6–10.XI.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046386); Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.828056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.141945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.828056/lat -19.141945)">Parc National de Vohibasia</a>, 44 km NE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.833332/lat -22.666668)">Sakaraha</a>, 22.666667S 44.833333E, 600 m, 11–17.X.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 3♂ 4♀ (CAS, codes</p><p>CASENT2118458, CASENT2118471, CASENT2118472, CASENT2177720, CASENT2177724; MSVI, codes CASENT2118473, CASENT2177725); Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.833332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.833332/lat -22.666668)">Parc National de Vohibasia</a>, 44 km NE of Sakaraha, 22.666667S 44.833333E, 600 m, 26.X–2.XI.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2118545, CASENT2118546; MSVI, code CASENT2177721); Tulear, 5km N Mahabo, 20.383333S 44.666667E, 15– 16.II.1986, leg. J. Wenzel, 1♂ (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC00418853); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.303333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.006666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.303333/lat -25.006666)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.303333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.006666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.303333/lat -25.006666)">Berenty Special Reserve</a>, 8 km NW of Amboasary, 25.006667S 46.303333E, 85 m, 7.III.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2153802) .</p><p>Leptomenes schulthessianus: Antananarivo, Andebadeba, 4 km from Arivonimamo, 1600 m, 19.004833S 47.142500E, 14–21.X.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2047091); Antananarivo, Ankalalahana, 1375 m, 19.006667S 47.112222E, 29–31.III.2011, leg. B.L. Fisher et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2118499); Antsiranana, Forét Ambato, 26.6 km 33°NE of Ambanja, 150 m, 13.464444S 48.551667E, 8.XII.2004,leg.B.L.Fisher, 3♂ (CAS, codes CASENT2177622, CASENT2177623; MSVI,code CASENT2177624); Antsiranana, Montaigne Francais, 150 m, 12.372471S 49.366322E, 23.I.2001, leg. M.E. Irwin, 2♂ (CAS, codes CASENT8015293, CASENT8077329); Antsiranana, Sakalava Beach, dwarf littoral forest, 10 m, 12.262778S 49.397500E, 18–31.V.2011, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046427); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 1360 m, 20.173333S 47.086000E, 28.I–7.II.2003, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT8105813; MSVI, code CASENT8105814); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 1360 m, 20.173333S 47.086000E, 30.III–29.IV.2003, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT8105816); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 1360 m, 20.173333S 47.086000E, 15–26.VII.2003, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT8105914); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 1360 m, 20.173333S 47.086000E, 24.III–8.IV.2004, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8105972); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 1360 m, 20.173333S 47.086000E, 5–19.IX.2004, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2047115, CASENT2047119); Fianarantsoa, radio tower 22 km SW of Ilakaka, near Fianarantsoa /Tulear border, 1100 m, 22.779167S 45.025000E, 27.II–6.III.2002, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2081223); Mahajanga, Forét Tsimembo, 8.7 km 336°NW of Soatana, 20 m, 19.021389S 44.440556E, 21–25.XI.2001,leg.Fisher,Griswold et al., 1♀ (CAS,code CASENT2046333); Mahajanga, Katsepy, 30.V–3.VI.1995, leg. M. Madl, 1♂ (NHMW); Mahajanga, Mahavavy River, 6.2 km 145°SE of Mitsinjo, 20 m, 16.051667S 45.908333E, 1–5.XII.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081185); Mahajanga, Sofia District, 45 km S of Antsohihy, 5 km W of Anjiamangirana, 97 m, 15.157000S 47.734167E, 13–19.XII.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2118539); Majunga, Ambatofolaka, Namoroka 53 km from Soalala, 3 km N of Vilanandro village, 16.473333S 45.391333E, 2–9.XI.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♂ (CAS, codes CASENT8105974, CASENT8105985); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 33 m, 15.451167S 47.613333E, 13–18.II.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin &amp; F. Parker, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046275); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 33 m, 15.451167S 47.613333E, 23.XI–8.XII.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin &amp; F. Parker, 3♀ (CAS, codes CASENT8105944, CASENT8105946; MSVI, code CASENT8105947); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 33 m, 15.451167S 47.613333E, 31.XII–7.I.2008, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin &amp; F. Parker, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT2047079; MSVI, code CASENT2047082); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 43 m, 16.319333S 46.813333E, 9–20.XI.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153553); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 43 m, 16.319333S 46.813333E, 8–17.XII.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2153705; MSVI, code CASENT2153704); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.133333S 45.700000E, 2–9.X.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2047004); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.133333S 45.700000E, 15–22.I.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8105845); Majunga, Besalampy District, Analangidro dry forest, 7 km NE of Besalampy, 16.691500S 44.523500E, 24.IX–2.X.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2166036); Majunga, Besalampy District, Analangidro dry forest, 7 km NE of Besalampy, 16.691500S 44.523500E, 23–28.X.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2166034); Majunga, Namoroka village, Befatika Andranovory, 7 km NW of Vilanandro village, 16.473333S 45.391333E, 9–16.XI.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8105966); Nosy Komba, 25–26.V.1995, leg. M. Madl, 1♀ (NHMW); Toliara, Fiherenana, 50 m, 23.235278S 43.870833E, 16X–16.XI.2002, leg. Frontier Wilderness Project, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2177605); Toliara, Forét de Beroboka, 5.9 km 131°SE of Ankidranoka, 60 m, 22.233056S 43.366389E, 12–16.III.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2146156); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 180 m, 24.935000S 46.626667E, 30.X–9.XI.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2053817); Tulear, Berenty Special Reserve, 8 km NW of Amboasary, 85 m, 25.006667S 46.303333E, 17–26.I.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153522); Tulear, Berenty Special Reserve, 8 km NW of Amboasary, 85 m, 25.006667S 46.303333E, 7– 17.III.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT2153692); Tulear, Berenty Special Reserve, 8 km NW of Amboasary, 85 m, 25.006667S 46.303333E, 17–24.III.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153812); Tulear, Beroboka village 45 km NE of Morondava, 19.977500S 44.665333E, 1–4.V.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2218490); Tulear, Beroboka village 45 km NE of Morondava, 19.977500S 44.665333E, 30.X–6.XI.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (MSVI, code CASENT2218493); Tulear, Beroboka village 45 km NE of Morondava, 19.977500S 44.665333E, 20–28.IV.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2218486); Tulear, Beroboka village 45 km NE of Morondava, 19.977500S 44.665333E, 28.IV–6.V.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2218480); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle I near research station, 165 m, 23.686500S 44.591000E, 9–20.IX.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT8600810, CASENT8600811); Tulear, 5 km N Mahabo, 20.383333S 44.666667E, 15–16.II.1985, leg. J. Wenzel, 1♂ (AMNH, code AMNH_IZC00418855); Tulear, 8 km vor Sakaraha, Fluss-Tal (Tende), 15–18.V.1997, leg. M. Madl, 1♂ 1♀ (NHMW).</p><p>Malagassodynerus subventricosus: Antananarivo, Massif de l’Ankratra, near Ambatolampy, 1.XII.1999, leg. E.I. Schlinger, M.E. Irwin &amp; H.H. Rasolondalao, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT3003736) ; Fianarantsoa, Miandritsara Forest, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792676S 47.175655, 825 m, 28.I–9.II.2005, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081359) .</p><p>Malgachemenes angustus: Antsiranana, Foret d’Analabe, 30.0 km 72°ENE Daraina, 15.157S 47.734167E, 30 m, 27.XI.2003, leg. B.L. Fisher, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2218452); Fianarantsoa, Foret d’Analalava, 29.6 km 280°W Ranohira, 22.591667S 45.128333E, 700 m, 1–5.II.2003, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2177675); Mahajanga, Foret Tsimembo 8.7 km 336°BBW Soatana, 19.021389S 44.440556E, 20 m, 21– 25.XI.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2046332); Mahajanga, PN d’Anakarafantsika, Ampijoroa Station Forestière, 40 km 306°NW of Andranofasika, 16.320833S 46.810556E, 130 m, 26.III– 1.IV.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2001659); Mahajanga, PN de Namoroka, 9.8 km 300°WNW Vilanandro, 16.466667S 45.35E, 140 m, 4–8.XI.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT2146065; MSVI, code CASENT2177744); Mahajanga, PN de Namoroka, 16.9 km 317°NW Vilanandro, 16.406667S 45.31E, 100 m, 12–16.XI.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2218500); Mahajanga, PN de Namoroka, 17.8 km 329°WNW Vilanandro, 16.376667S 45.326667E, 100 m, 8–12.XI.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2081137); Mahajanga, Rés. Speciale de Bemarivo 23.8 km 223°SW of Besalampy, 16.925S 44.368333E, 30 m, 19–23.XI.2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 2♂ (CAS, codes CASENT2046360, CASENT2046361); Mahajanga, Sofia district, 45 km S of Antsohihy, 5 km W of Anjiamangirana, 15.157S 47.734167E, 97 m, 13–19.XII.2010, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2118540); Mahajanga, Sofia district, 45 km S of Antsohihy, 5 km W of Anjiamangirana, 13.083333S 49.908333E, 97 m, 26.V–2.VI.2011, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2118452); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451167S 47.613333E, 33 m, 11–20.XII.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin &amp; F. Parker, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2047058); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451167S 47.613333E, 33 m, 31.XII.2007 – 7.I.2008, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin &amp; F. Parker, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2047080); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.133333S 45.7E, 22–29.I.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 3♂ (CAS, codes CASENT8105978, CASENT8105979; MSVI, code CASENT8105982); Majunga, Besalampy District, Marofototra dry forest, 17 km W of Besalampy, 16.721667S 44.423667E, 19– 26.XI.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2069008); Toliara, PN de Kirindy Mitea, 15.5 km 64°ENE Marofandilia, 20.045S 44.662222E, 100 m, 28.XI–3.XII.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 3♂ (CAS, codes CASENT2046395, CASENT2046397; MSVI, code CASENT2046396); Tulear, Beroboka village 45 km NE Morondava, 19.9775S 44.665333E, 30.XII.2007 – 7.I.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♂ (CAS, codes CASENT2218481, CASENT2218482); Tulear, Zombitse NP near ANGAP office, 22.8865S 44.692167E, 840 m, 15.X–9.XI.2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2053921); Tulear, Zombitse NP near ANGAP office, 22.8865S 44.692167E, 840 m, 9–19.XI.2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2053928).</p><p>Paramischocyttarus madagassus: Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319333S 46.813333E, 43 m, 28.IX–5.X.2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2153652); Toliara, Foret de Kirindy, 15.5 km 64°ENE of Marofandilia, 20.069167S 44.660556E, 30 m, 19–26.XI.2008, leg. B.L. Fisher, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2118453); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Ihazofotsy Parcelle III, 24.834833S 46.486833E, 80 m, 26.XII.2002 – 5.I.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153581); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.903667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4755/lat -22.903667)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.903667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4755/lat -22.903667)">Androimpano Forest</a>, 3 km E of Itampolo, 24.657833S 43.956167E, 45 m, 22–29.I.2009, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174982); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.903667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4755/lat -22.903667)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.903667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4755/lat -22.903667)">Androimpano Forest</a>, 5 km E of Itampolo, 24.650333S 43.963167E, 130 m, 4–11.XII.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2174984); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.903667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4755/lat -22.903667)">Tulear</a>, Cap Ste Marie Spec. Res., 74 km S of Tsihombe, 25.587667S 45.163E, 37 m, 26.X–5.IX.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2081334; MSVI, code CASENT2081335); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.903667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4755/lat -22.903667)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.903667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4755/lat -22.903667)">Mikea Forest</a> NW of Manombo, 22.903667S 43.4755E, 30 m, 6–16.I.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081178) .</p><p>Raphiglossa lemuriae: Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.086&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.173332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.086/lat -20.173332)">Italaviana</a>, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333S 47.086E, 1360 m, 30.III– 9.IV.2003, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT8105815); Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.175667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.792667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.175667/lat -20.792667)">Miandritsara Forest</a>, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792667S 47.175667E, 825 m, 25.X–2.XI.2005, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2081374); Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.175667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.792667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.175667/lat -20.792667)">Miandritsara Forest</a>, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792667S 47.175667E, 825 m, 7–13.XII.2005, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2081382); Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.175667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.792667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.175667/lat -20.792667)">Miandritsara Forest</a>, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792667S 47.175667E, 825 m, 13–22.XI.2006, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2047054); Majunga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.81333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.319332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.81333/lat -16.319332)">Ampijoroa</a> NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319333S 46.813333E, 43 m, 7–14.IX.2003, leg. R . Harin’Hala, 1♂ (MSVI, code CASENT2153713); Majunga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=46.81333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.319332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 46.81333/lat -16.319332)">Ampijoroa</a> NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319333S 46.813333E, 43 m, 22–28.IX.2003, leg. R . Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2153596); Toliara, Baje de St. Augustin, Onilahy-Tal, 27. V .1998, leg. M. Madl, 1♀ (NHMW); Tulear, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.163&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.587667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.163/lat -25.587667)">Cap Ste Marie Spec. Res.</a>, 74 km S of Tsihombe, 25.587667S 45.163E, 37 m, 14–22. VI .2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2081328); Tulear, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.903667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4755/lat -22.903667)">Mikea Forest</a>, NW of Manombo, 22.903667S 43.4755E, 30 m, 27.VII–3.VIII.2003, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT8105926) .</p><p>Tuleara leptochiloides: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.6667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.3833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.6667/lat -20.3833)">Majunga</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.6667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.3833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.6667/lat -20.3833)">Ambovomamy Belambo</a>, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.4511S 47.6133E, 33 m, 22–27.I.2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin &amp; F. Parker, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT8105812; MSVI, code CASENT8105804); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.1333S, 45.6999E, 20 m, 20.XI– 4.XII.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046277); Tulear, 5km N Mahabo, 20.3833S 44.6667E, 15–16.II.1986, leg. J. Wenzel, 1♂ (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC00328312) .</p><p>Tuleara nigrita: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4821&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.9133" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4821/lat -22.9133)">Tulear</a>, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle I near research station, 23.6865S 44.5909E, 165 m, 29.III– 10.IV.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153862); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4821&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.9133" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4821/lat -22.9133)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4821&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.9133" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4821/lat -22.9133)">Mikea Forest</a>, NW of Manombo, 22.9036S 43.4754E, 30 m, 17–28.I.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046318; MSVI, code CASENT2046319); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4821&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.9133" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4821/lat -22.9133)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4821&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.9133" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4821/lat -22.9133)">Mikea Forest</a>, NW of Manombo, 22.9036S 43.4754E, 30 m, 19.II–1.III.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT2053909; MSVI, code CASENT2053911); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4821&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.9133" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4821/lat -22.9133)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4821&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.9133" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4821/lat -22.9133)">Mikea Forest</a>, NW of Manombo, 22.9036S 43.4754E, 30 m, 23.VII–6.VIII.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 2♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2153847, CASENT2153848); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.9133S 43.4821E, 30 m, 6–16.I.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2053904) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF4FFF54FF0AFB19008CC01E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF46FF57FF0AF9B10773C366.text	190A0E05FF46FF57FF0AF9B10773C366.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tuleara sakalava (de Saussure 1890) Selis 2025	<div><p>Tuleara sakalava: Nosy-Be Island, 13.3325S 48.2614E, 7.XII.2001, leg. I. Pljushtch, 1♂ (OLML) .</p><p>Zethus madecassus: Bekily, III.1930, leg. A. Seyrig, 1♀ (MSNVE, “ allotype ”); Bekily, X.1936, leg. A. Seyrig, 2♂ (MSNVE); Bekily, XI.1936, leg. A. Seyrig, 1♂ (MSNVE); Bekily, II.1937, leg. A. Seyrig, 1♂ (MSNVE); Bekily, 1♂ (MSNVE); Toliara, Foret de Kirindy, 15.5 km 64°ENE of Marofandilia, 20.068611S 44.659444E, 30 m, 24–31.XII.2008, leg. B. Fisher, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2177734); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona village, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833S 43.899667E, 43 m, 26–31.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2174900); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Res Parcelle I near research station, 223.6865S 44.591E, 165 m, 29.III–10.IV.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2153863); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.913333S 43.482167E, 27 m, 18–29.IV.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2153838); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903667S 43.4755E, 30 m, 23.VII–6.VIII.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2153849); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903667S 43.4755E, 30 m, 23.XI–3.X.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (MSVI, code CASENT2053898); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa NP, Mitoho Forest, 24.0485S 43.752333E, 120 m, 24–29.X.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2174854).</p><p>Zethus seyrigi: Bekily, II.1933, leg. A. Seyrig, 1♂ (MSNVE) ; Bekily, I.1937, leg. A. Seyrig, 1♂ (MSNVE) ; Toliara, PN de Kirindy Mitea, 16.3 km 127°SE of Belo sur Mer, 20.795278S 44.146944E, 80 m, 6–10.XII.2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2081179); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833S 46.626667E, 180 m, 28.III–8.IV.2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2118611); Tulear, Ifaty, 18 km N of Tulear, 23.1885S 43.6239E, 20 m, 14–15.XII.1999, leg. M. Irwin &amp; E. Schlinger, 2♂ (CAS, code CASENT3003732; MSVI, code CASENT3003716); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.903667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4755/lat -22.903667)">Tulear</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.4755&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.903667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.4755/lat -22.903667)">Mikea Forest</a>, NW of Manombo, 22.903667S 43.4755E, 30 m, 20–27.XI.2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♂ (CAS, code CASENT2153841) .</p><p>“ Giordania ” nigra: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420155&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.266499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420155/lat -21.266499)">Fianarantsoa</a>, PN <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.420155&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.266499" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.420155/lat -21.266499)">Ranomafana</a>, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21.266499S 47.420155E, 1020 m, 23. VI –4.VII.2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2046457); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.129843" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.717/lat -23.129843)">Fianarantsoa</a>, 50 km S of Farafangana, Mahabo Mananivo, Ampitavananima Forest, 23.129843S 47.716999E, 34 m, 13–20.I.2007, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2047065); Toamagina, Parc Nacional Andasibe (Perinet), 19 km E of Moramanga, 1000m, 23.XII.1999, leg. E.I. Schlinger, M.E. Irwin &amp; H.H. Rasolondalao, 2♀ (CAS, code CASENT3003712; MSVI, code CASENT3003711) .</p><p>“ Odynerus” hyalinelamellatus: Antsiranana, Sakalava Beach, dwarf littoral forest, 12.265505S 49.390282E, 10 m, 22–27.IV.2001, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2081256); Toliara, Ranobe, 23.038349S 43.609714E, 20 m, 2–6.XII.2003, leg. Frontier Wilderness Project, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2177637); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.609715&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.03835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.609715/lat -23.03835)">Tulear</a>, Zombitse NP near ANGAP office, 22.886509S 44.692155E, 840 m, 9–19.XI.2001, leg. R . Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2053926) .</p><p>“ Odynerus ” melanus: Fénérive Est, 12.II.1972, leg. L. &amp; R . Blommers, 1♀ (MSNVE); Majunga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.6999&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.1333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.6999/lat -16.1333)">Analamanitra Forest</a>, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.1333S 45.6999E, 20 m, 2–9.X.2007, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2047019); Majunga, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.6999&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-16.1333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.6999/lat -16.1333)">Analamanitra Forest</a>, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.1333S 45.6999E, 20 m, 15– 22.I.2008, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT8105847); Ranohira, 815 m, 30.III.2008, leg. G. Pezzi, 1♀ (MSVI); Toliara, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=43.9608&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.1769" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 43.9608/lat -23.1769)">Fiherenana</a>, 23.1769S 43.9608E, 100 m, 22–31.X.2002, leg. Frontier Wilderness Project, 1♀ (CAS, code CASENT2218536) .</p><p>“ Odynerus” parvilamellatus: Fianarantsoa, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=47.086&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.173334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 47.086/lat -20.173334)">Italaviana</a>, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173335S 47.085997E, 1360 m, 5–19.IX.2004, leg. M. Irwin &amp; R . Harin’Hala, 1♂ 1♀ (CAS, codes CASENT2047110, CASENT2047117) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/190A0E05FF46FF57FF0AF9B10773C366	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Selis, Marco	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
