taxonID	type	description	language	source
190A0E05FFE5FFF1FF0AFF7C0657C40E.taxon	description	(Figs 3, 62 A)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE5FFF1FF0AFF7C0657C40E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Belonging to the group of Malagasy Afrepipona with slender appearance (mesosoma 1.55 × as long as wide) and sharply separated and reflexed lamellar margin of T 2 (Fig. 3 E), in which it is readily distinguished by the apically widened clypeus (Fig. 3 C).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE5FFF1FF0AFF7C0657C40E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2046455 // MADAGASCAR: Tulear / Prov., Mikea Forest NW / of Manombo, 30 m, 6 – 16 / Jan 2002, 22 ° 54.22 ' S / 43 ° 28.53 ' E, R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 011163 / malaise — deciduous dry / forest MA- 02 - 18 A- 09 // Afrepipona dilaticlypeus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21736). PARATYPES: Tulear, Cap Ste Marie Special Reserve, 74 km S of Tsihombe, 25.587667 S 45.163000 E, 37 m, 7 – 14. I. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081321); Tulear, Ifaty, near Hotel Paradisia in coastal dunes, 23.179667 S 43.616833 E, 9 m, 13. X – 12. XI. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2146199).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE5FFF1FF0AFF7C0657C40E.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 3 B). Body length 6.0 mm; fore wing length 5.3 mm. Head 1.2 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.2 × as wide as long, apical margin barely emarginate and 0.4 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth rounded and strongly pointing laterally, making the apical margin appear widened; clypeus in lateral view barely convex, almost smoothly passing into frons. Vertex 2.05 × as long as ocellocular distance, almost flattened and sloping only on posterior margin; cephalic foveae very fine and close to each other, housed in a small and barely differentiated area, placed somewhat closer to ocellar triangle than occipital carina. Gena 0.7 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, fine and weak on vertex, thick and shortly lamellate on gena, distinctly bent in lower half. Flagellum short and thickened towards apex, F 1 1.1 × as long as wide and 1.4 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 9 transverse, becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.45 × as long as wide, in lateral view forming an even curvature from pronotum to propodeum. Pronotum weakly convex and barely converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, evenly rounded on humeri; pretegular carina absent. Mesoscutum with fine indication of notauli on posterior margin. Scutellum wider than long, almost evenly convex from side to side, somewhat flattened on disc, anterior margin furrowed in the middle and shallowly crenulate on sides; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as ocellus. Metanotum obliquely sloping, with somewhat convex anterior half. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex with shallow sinuation on anterior third, posterior lobe slightly acute with pointed apex and not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and evenly curved. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina absent; epimeron very weakly projecting below. Propodeum short, in lateral view falling vertically from posterior margin of metanotum, dorsal faces almost smoothly passing into metanotum; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly sloping posterolaterally, not meeting behind metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum shallowly depressed, dorsally margined by blunt lateral carina; posterior face of propodeum very shallowly depressed, forming two pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line with longitudinal fovea covering about the dorsal third and sharp carina below; submarginal carina of propodeum completely fused with propodeal valvula but forming a blunt angle posteriorly. T 1 in dorsal view semicircular, wider than long, anterior margin evenly rounded; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex but not divided in two distinct faces; apical margin of T 1 with short hyaline border, becoming longer on sides. T 2 in dorsal view slightly longer than wide and with weakly convex sides, not much wider than T 1; preapical area of T 2 depressed and coarsely punctate, followed by shallowly reflexed translucent lamella, lamella shorter than ocellar diameter. T 3 and S 2 – S 4 with somewhat translucent apical margin. S 2 evenly convex in lateral view, with indistinct basal longitudinal furrow. Head and mesosoma with deep punctures separated by about their diameters, interspaces slightly wider on gena, metanotum, propodeum and mesepisternum; clypeus micropunctate and shiny, with scattered fine punctures and few larger punctures above apical margin; tegula sparsely micropunctate and shiny, smooth on disc; lateral faces of propodeum mostly impunctate and matte as metaepisternum, except for central group of dense punctures. T 1 with oblique large punctures, interspaces variable but generally wider on disc; T 2 with shallow oblique punctures, larger basally and becoming progressively more indistinct apically, preapical depressed area filled with large coarse punctures; T 3 – T 5 with fine deep punctures basally and dense coarse punctures apically; S 1 with coarse and irregular longitudinal ridges on posterior half; S 2 with large deep punctures separated by more than their diameter; S 3 – S 5 similar to respective tergites but punctures less evident. Covered in short pale metallic pubescence, silvery-golden on head and mesosoma, dust-like and brassy on metasoma; short apically bent setae on frons and most of mesosoma. Dark reddish-brown, with darker irregular areas on mesoscutum and metasoma; following parts from ivory to pale yellow: basal half of outer face of mandible, margins of clypeus becoming thicker ventrally, inner eye margin, longitudinal line from clypeus to middle of frons and filling interantennal space, margins of gena and hypostoma, line on anterior margin of pronotum becoming much wider laterally and covering whole lateral faces, anterior and posterior spots on tegula, most of parategula, lateral lamellae of scutellum, border of submarginal carina of propodeum, narrow regular apical band on T 1, sinuate and laterally widened band covering depressed preapical area of T 2, posterior border of S 1, apical bands on S 2 – S 5, most of S 6, frontal face of all coxae, line along anteroventral margin of femora, line on anterior margin of fore tibia; T 3 – T 6 mostly orange with suffused whitish bands. Wings hyaline with weak orange tinge along costal margin. Male. Unknown. Variability. The three specimens examined show very slight variability in the extension of the pale markings on clypeus and T 2 only.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE5FFF1FF0AFF7C0657C40E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 62 A).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE5FFF1FF0AFF7C0657C40E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is a combination of the Latin adjective “ dilatatus, - a, - um ” (= widened) and the word “ clypeus ”, in reference to the apically widened clypeus. It is a noun in apposition.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE3FFF3FF0AFD6506B8C366.taxon	description	(Figs 4, 62 B)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE3FFF3FF0AFD6506B8C366.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Belonging to the group of Malagasy Afrepipona with simple apical margin of T 2 (Fig. 4 G) and large opening of axillary fossa (Fig. 4 C), in which it is readily recognized by parallel-sided mesosoma and abruptly angled T 1 with very coarse punctures (Fig. 4 F).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE3FFF3FF0AFD6506B8C366.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2046289 // MADAGASCAR: Prov. / Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana / radio tower at forest edge / 1130 m, 21 ° 15.05 ' S 47 ° 24.43 ' E / 14 – 24 Jun 2002, R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 0111145 / malaise, mixed tropical / forest MA- 02 - 09 B- 32 // Afrepipona ennesima / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21737). PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 20. III – 3. IV. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2177742); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21.266499 S 47.420155 E, 1020 m, 16. X – 8. XI. 2001, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2218461, CASENT 2218462); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21.266499 S 47.420155 E, 1020 m, 22 – 28. XI. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046470); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21.266499 S 47.420155 E, 1020 m, 18 – 28. V. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2153831); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Vohiparara, at broken bridge, 21.226166 S 47.369822 E, 1110 m, 15 – 22. XI. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081176).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE3FFF3FF0AFD6506B8C366.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 4 B). Body length 7.5 mm; fore wing length 7.0 mm. Head 1.2 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.15 × as wide as long, apical margin shallowly emarginate and 0.3 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth subtriangular with rounded apex; clypeus in lateral view barely convex, almost smoothly passing into frons. Vertex 1.95 × as long as ocellocular distance, shallowly convex in lateral view; cephalic foveae very fine and close to each other, housed in a circular and flattened area about as large as one ocellus, placed closer to ocellar triangle than to occipital margin. Gena as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina incomplete, absent on median third and fine on lateral thirds of vertex, thick and shortly lamellate on gena, distinctly bent in lower half. Flagellum short and thickened towards apex, F 1 1.3 × as long as wide and 1.15 × as long as F 2, F 2 subquadrate, F 3 – F 9 transverse, becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.4 × as long as wide, in lateral view almost forming an even curvature from pronotum to propodeum. Pronotum with weakly convex and nearly parallel sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, lamella slightly higher laterally than medially, evenly rounded on humeri; pretegular carina just indicated above pronotal lobe. Mesoscutum with fine indication of notauli on posterior margin. Scutellum wider than long, widely flattened on disc, anterior margin crenulate with larger median pit; axillary fossa small and rounded, acting as acarinarium, its opening delimited by a deep incision in the inner lamella of the scutellar crest. Metanotum obliquely sloping, evenly and weakly convex from anterior to posterior margin, anterior margin slightly bulging. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe very short, right-angled with pointed apex and not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and evenly curved, slightly flattened laterolaterally. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina absent. Propodeum short, in lateral view falling vertically from posterior margin of metanotum; dorsal faces of propodeum not meeting behind metanotum and distinctly separated from posterior face even if not sharply; lateral faces of propodeum depressed, dorsally margined by blunt lateral carina; posterior face of propodeum flattened, forming two shallow pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line with longitudinal fovea covering about the dorsal half; submarginal carina of propodeum completely fused with propodeal valvula and evenly rounded. T 1 in dorsal view trapezoidal, much wider than long, sides slightly converging and meeting anterior margin forming an obtuse angle; T 1 in lateral view distinctly angled and divided into two faces; apical margin of T 1 with narrow hyaline border, almost disappearing on sides. T 2 in dorsal view subquadrate and with convex sides, slightly wider than T 1; preapical area of T 2 imperceptibly depressed, apical margin with a barely developed translucent border much shorter than one puncture diameter, therefore appearing simple. S 2 evenly convex in lateral view, basally with a shallow indication of longitudinal furrow, apical translucent margin more developed than on T 2. Head and mesosoma with deep punctures separated by less than their diameters, most interspaces reduced to narrow sharp ridges; interspaces wider on gena, metanotum and mesepisternum, reaching up to several puncture diameters in length; clypeus densely micropunctate with scattered deep punctures, denser basally and very scattered apically; tegula with granular shagreen and sparse micropunctures; lateral faces of propodeum with scattered deep punctures arranged in sparse horizontal series; posterior face of propodeum with very sparse deep punctures, becoming much finer in ventral half. T 1 with anterior vertical face shagreened and impunctate, except for few very shallow punctures along upper margin, posterior horizontal face with very coarse and dense oblique punctures, almost as large as one ocellar diameter and touching each other, interspaces reduced to narrow and irregular reticulation; T 2 with oblique deep punctures, larger and denser basally and on sides and becoming finer and sparser on disc, preapical area with a band of slightly denser and coarser punctures; T 3 – T 5 with deep punctures, larger apically than basally and becoming progressively finer; S 1 with large pits separated by irregular longitudinal ridges; S 2 with sparse deep punctures, somewhat finer than on T 2; S 3 – S 5 with very scattered fine punctures. Covered in short brownish pubescence, little visible on head and mesosoma, dust-like and denser on metasoma; short setae on frons, clypeus, gena, mesepisternum, S 2 and apex of other sternites, longer and finer pale setae on posterolateral angles of propodeum and S 1. Black with diffused and irregular wine-red areas, brighter and well visible on the following parts: mandible, clypeus, lower half of frons and gena, sides of pronotum, tegula, metanotum, mesepisternum, apical tergites and sternites, tibiae. Following parts ivory: suffused basal dot on mandible, longitudinal line running from interantennal space to middle of frons, narrow complete line bordering pronotal carina, anterior third of metanotum, narrow apical bands on T 1 – T 2 and S 2. Wings fusco-hyaline. Male. Unknown. Variability. Remarkably constant species, the paratypes show the following variations in various combinations: small ivory spots in antennocular space, longer longitudinal line on frons, reduction of the pronotal band, slightly to markedly wider apical band on T 2 and S 2.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE3FFF3FF0AFD6506B8C366.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa (Fig. 62 B).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE3FFF3FF0AFD6506B8C366.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is the feminine form of the Italian adjective “ ennesimo ”, meaning “ yet another ”, as this is yet another new species of Afrepipona. It is to be treated as a latinized adjective.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE1FFECFF0AFA4D0172C37E.taxon	description	(Figs 5 – 6, 62 C)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE1FFECFF0AFA4D0172C37E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Belonging to the group of Malagasy Afrepipona with simple apical margin of T 2 (Fig. 6 F) and large opening of axillary fossa (Fig. 6 B), in which it is readily recognized by anteriorly narrowing mesosoma (Fig. 5) and evenly domed T 1 with punctures about as wide as half ocellar diameter (Fig. 6 E).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE1FFECFF0AFA4D0172C37E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2081295 // MADAGASCAR: Prov. / Antananarivo, 46 km NE of Ankazobe: Ambohitantely / 15 Oct – 1 Nov 2004, 700 m / 18 ° 11.88 ' S 47 ° 16.89 ' E / colls: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 035370 / malaise, in sclerophyll / forest MA- 27 - 19 // Afrepipona imitans / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21738). PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 5 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2081287, CASENT 2081297; MSVI, codes CASENT 2081286, CASENT 2081298, CASENT 2081293); same locality as holotype, 22 – 29. XI. 2003, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081277, CASENT 2081278); same locality as holotype, 7 – 22. XII. 2004, 3 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081305, CASENT 2081306, CASENT 2081307); Fianarantsoa, Manombo Spec. Res. camp site, 32 km SSE of Farafangana, 23.021843 S 47.720010 E, 36 m, 20. I – 2. II. 2005, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081255); Fianarantsoa, Miandritsara Forest, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792666 S 47.175666 E, 825 m, 26. XII. 2004 – 5. I. 2005, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081358); Fianarantsoa, Miandritsara Forest, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792666 S 47.175666 E, 825 m, 16 – 25. X. 2006, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 8105931); Fianarantsoa, Miandritsara Forest, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792666 S 47.175666 E, 825 m, 13 – 22. XI. 2006, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2047068, CASENT 2047069).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE1FFECFF0AFA4D0172C37E.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 6 A). Body length 8.0 mm; fore wing length 7.0 mm. Head 1.2 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1 × as wide as long, apical margin emarginate and 0.25 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth subtriangular with rounded apex; clypeus in lateral view barely convex, almost smoothly passing into frons. Vertex 1.8 × as long as ocellocular distance; cephalic foveae very fine and close to each other, housed in two small circular and flattened areas partially fused medially, more or less ∞ - shaped, placed slightly closer to ocellar triangle than to occipital margin. Gena 0.9 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina incomplete, absent in the middle of vertex, thick and shortly lamellate on gena, distinctly bent in lower half. F 1 1.2 × as long as wide and 1.3 × as long as F 2, F 2 slightly longer than wide, F 3 – F 9 transverse, becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.5 × as long as wide, in lateral view almost forming an even curvature from pronotum to propodeum. Pronotum with weakly convex and anteriorly converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, shallowly and narrowly depressed in the middle, evenly rounded on humeri; pretegular carina absent. Mesoscutum with fine indication of notauli in posterior third. Scutellum wider than long, widely flattened on disc, anterior margin crenulate with larger median pit; axillary fossa small and rounded, acting as acarinarium, its opening delimited by a deep incision in the inner lamella of the scutellar crest. Metanotum strongly sloping, almost vertical, evenly convex with shallow and narrow longitudinal bulge in anterior third; posterior margin deeply produced in the middle. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe short, right-angled with pointed apex and not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and evenly curved. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina absent. Propodeum short, in lateral view falling vertically from posterior margin of metanotum; dorsal faces of propodeum not meeting behind metanotum and strongly sloping, smoothly passing into posterior face; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, posterodorsally margined by indication of lateral carina; posterior face of propodeum flattened, forming two shallow pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line with longitudinal fovea covering about the dorsal half; submarginal carina of propodeum completely fused with propodeal valvula and evenly rounded. T 1 in dorsal view subtriangular, sides slightly converging in posterior half and then strongly converging anteriorly; T 1 in lateral view evenly domed dorsally, not distinctly separated into two faces; apical margin of T 1 with very narrow hyaline border, almost imperceptible. T 2 in dorsal view subquadrate and with convex sides, wider than T 1; preapical area of T 2 imperceptibly depressed, apical margin with a barely developed translucent border much shorter than one puncture diameter, therefore appearing simple. S 2 evenly convex in lateral view, basally with a shallow indication of longitudinal furrow, apical translucent margin slightly more developed than on T 2. Head and mesosoma with deep punctures separated by much less than their diameters, all interspaces reduced to narrow sharp ridges and forming a dense reticulation; interspaces wider and flattened on gena, metanotum, dorsal faces of propodeum and mesepisternum; clypeus densely micropunctate and with deep punctures, separated by about their diameter on disc and much sparser apically; tegula with granular shagreen and sparse micropunctures; lateral faces of propodeum with sparse deep punctures arranged in irregular horizontal series; posterior face of propodeum strongly shagreened and mat, with very sparse deep punctures, almost disappearing in ventral half. T 1 anteriorly shagreened and almost impunctate, posteriorly with coarse and dense oblique punctures, about half as large as one ocellar diameter and mostly touching each other, interspaces reduced to narrow and irregular reticulation; T 2 with oblique deep punctures, larger and denser basally and on sides and becoming finer and sparser on disc, preapical area with a band of slightly denser and coarser punctures; T 3 – T 5 with deep punctures, larger apically than basally and becoming progressively finer; S 1 with large pits separated by irregular longitudinal ridges; S 2 with sparse deep punctures, somewhat finer than on T 2; S 3 – S 5 with very scattered fine punctures. Covered in short brownish pubescence, short and brassy to silvery on head and mesosoma, dust-like and little visible on metasoma; short setae on frons, clypeus, gena, mesepisternum, S 2 and apex of other sternites, longer and finer pale setae on posterolateral angles of propodeum and S 1. Black with diffused and irregular wine-red areas, brighter and well visible on the following parts: mandible, clypeus, lower half of frons and gena, pronotum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum, posterolateral corners of propodeum, apical tergites and sternites, tibiae and tarsi. Following parts ivory-yellow: very small and irregular line on middle of pronotum, anterior margin of metanotum, narrow margin on submarginal carina, sinuate and laterally prolonged apical band on T 1, anteriorly concave band covering apical third of T 2, apical margin of S 1, bisinuate apical band on S 2. Wings fusco-hyaline. Male. Unknown. Variability. The following variations have been observed: interantennal and antennocular spaces with small yellow markings, ivory markings on pronotum absent to forming a narrow and irregular line along dorsal carina, ivory marking on metanotum narrower and interrupted, apical pale bands on T 1 – T 2 and S 2 varying in width. A larger (body length 9.0 mm) paratype (Fig. 6 G) collected together with the holotype has a generally brighter red tinge and the yellowish band of T 2 covering almost the apical half of the tergite and anteriorly prolonged by two rounded expansions. The four paratypes from Miandritsara Forest (Fig. 6 H) show generally narrower and almost pure white markings but, given the variability of the extent of the patterns, the presence of a paratype with a whitish pattern from the same locality as the holotype and the absolute lack of any morphological difference, they are considered as part of intraspecific variability.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE1FFECFF0AFA4D0172C37E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa (Fig. 62 C).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFE1FFECFF0AFA4D0172C37E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin participle “ imitans ” (= imitating, copying), as this species shows similar appearance and pattern to Malagassodynerus pulcher.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFFEFFEFFF0AFA7503B8C11A.taxon	description	(Fig. 7, 62 D)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFFEFFEFFF0AFA7503B8C11A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Belonging to the group of Malagasy Afrepipona with slender appearance (mesosoma 1.55 × as long as wide) and sharply separated and reflexed lamellar margin of T 2 (Fig. 7 E), in which it is distinguished by the evenly converging sides of clypeus, a long lamellar margin of T 2 (Fig. 7 E) and a sparse pubescence of mesosoma (Fig. 7 C).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFFEFFEFFF0AFA7503B8C11A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 8105833 // MADAGASCAR: Majunga / Analamanitra Forest / 14 km NE of Misinjo / 15 – 22 January 2008 / 16 ° 8 ' S 45 ° 42 ' E // Calif. Acad. Of Sciences / coll: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala / malaise, dense dry forest / elev 65 ft MG- 38 - 14 // Afrepipona misinjo / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21739). PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 2 – 9. X. 2007, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2047009).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFFEFFEFFF0AFA7503B8C11A.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 7 B). Body length 5.5 mm; fore wing length 5.0 mm. Head 1.2 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1 × as wide as long, apical margin shallowly emarginate and 0.3 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth subtriangular with rounded apex and barely pointing laterally; clypeus in lateral view barely convex, almost smoothly passing into frons. Vertex 2.1 × as long as ocellocular distance, almost flattened and sloping only on posterior third; cephalic foveae very fine and close to each other, housed in a small and barely differentiated transverse area, placed somewhat closer to ocellar triangle than occipital carina. Gena 0.65 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, fine and weak on vertex, thick and shortly lamellate on gena, distinctly bent in lower half. Flagellum short and thickened towards apex, F 1 1.2 × as long as wide and 1.2 × as long as F 2, F 2 subquadrate, F 3 – F 9 transverse, becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.4 × as long as wide, in lateral view forming an even curvature from pronotum to propodeum. Pronotum with weakly convex and barely converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, evenly rounded on humeri; pretegular carina absent. Mesoscutum with fine indication of notauli on posterior margin. Scutellum wider than long, widely flattened on disc, anterior margin crenulate with larger median pit; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as ocellus. Metanotum obliquely sloping, evenly and weakly convex from anterior to posterior margin. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe slightly acute with pointed apex and not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and evenly curved. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina absent. Propodeum short, in lateral view falling vertically from posterior margin of metanotum, dorsal faces smoothly passing into metanotum; dorsal faces of propodeum nearly vertical and forming an even surface with posterior face, not meeting behind metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum very shallowly depressed, dorsally margined by blunt lateral carina; posterior face of propodeum flattened, forming two pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line with longitudinal fovea covering about the dorsal half; submarginal carina of propodeum completely fused with propodeal valvula but forming a blunt angle posteriorly. T 1 in dorsal view semicircular, wider than long, anterior margin evenly rounded; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex but not divided in two distinct faces; apical margin of T 1 with hyaline border, becoming shorter on sides. T 2 in dorsal view slightly wider than long and with convex sides, slightly wider than T 1; preapical area of T 2 depressed and coarsely punctate, followed by shallowly reflexed translucent lamella, lamella longer than ocellar diameter. S 2 evenly convex in lateral view, with shallow basal longitudinal furrow and translucent apical margin. Head and mesosoma with deep punctures separated by about their diameters, interspaces wider on gena, metanotum, propodeum and mesepisternum; clypeus micropunctate and shiny, with scattered fine punctures; tegula very finely shagreened and sparsely micropunctate, shiny; lateral faces of propodeum with scattered deep punctures. T 1 with oblique punctures arranged in transverse series, series separated by wide interspaces; T 2 with oblique punctures, shallow on disc and deep on sides, preapical depressed area filled with large coarse punctures; T 3 – T 5 with fine deep punctures basally and dense coarse punctures apically; S 1 with coarse and irregular longitudinal ridges on posterior half; S 2 with fine deep punctures separated by more than their diameter; S 3 – S 5 similar to respective tergites but punctures less evident. Covered in short pale pubescence, whitish on head and mesosoma, dust-like and pale brown on metasoma, pubescence generally indistinct and not covering underlying surface; short setae on face, mesepisternum and sternites, longer and finer pale setae on propodeum. Bright red with darker indistinct markings on sides of frons, mesoscutum, ventral face of mesosoma, base of T 2 and S 2; following parts pale yellow: basal triangle of mandible, line along ventral margin of clypeus becoming wider medially, line along inner eye margin disappearing above, interantennal space and longitudinal line on frons almost reaching anterior ocellus, ventral half of outer eye margin, narrow anterior band on pronotum running along carina and humeral region, anterior spot on tegula, apex of parategula, anterior half of metanotum, spots above propodeal valvula, regular apical band on T 1 with short expansions on sides, weakly sinuate apical band on T 2, suffused apical bands on T 3 – T 5, most of T 6, apical and lateral margins of S 1, narrow apical band on S 2, indistinct spots at apex of fore femur and base of fore tibia. Wings fusco-hyaline, with very weak brownish tinge. Male. Unknown. Variability. The paratype has slightly wider yellow markings: all margins of clypeus, anterior band on pronotum covering the whole lateral faces, line along margin of posterior lobe of tegula, larger markings on propodeum above valvula, longer lateral expansion of band on T 1.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFFEFFEFFF0AFA7503B8C11A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga (Fig. 62 D).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFFEFFEFFF0AFA7503B8C11A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet refers to the locality of Misinjo, close to where the species was collected. It is a noun in apposition.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFFCFFEBFF0AF8D103ABC49A.taxon	description	(Figs 8, 62 E)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFFCFFEBFF0AF8D103ABC49A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Belonging to the group of Malagasy Afrepipona with slender appearance (mesosoma 1.55 × as long as wide) and sharply separated and reflexed lamellar margin of T 2 (Fig. 8 E), in which it is distinguished by the evenly converging sides of clypeus, the short lamellar margin of T 2 (Fig. 8 E) and the dense metallic pubescence of mesosoma (Fig. 8 C).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFFCFFEBFF0AF8D103ABC49A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2153867 // MADAGASCAR: Tulear / Prov. Beza Mahafaly Res / Parcelle I near res. sta. / 165 m, 20 – 24 Dec 2002 / 23 ° 41.19 ' S 44 ° 35.46 ' E / col. R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 024550 / malaise in dry, deciduous / forest MA- 02 - 14 A- 45 // Afrepipona resoluta / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21740). PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 9 – 20. IX. 2002, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 8600808); Tulear, Berenty Special Reserve, 8 km NW of Amboasary, 25.006667 S 46.303333 E, 85 m, 25. II – 7. III. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153801); Tulear, Garten Bistro du Sud, 19 – 21. X. 1996, leg. M. Madl, 1 ♀ (NHMW).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFFCFFEBFF0AF8D103ABC49A.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 8 B). Body length 6.5 mm; fore wing length 5.5 mm. Head 1.15 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.15 × as wide as long, apical margin subtruncate and 0.3 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth right-angled with rounded apex; clypeus in lateral view barely convex, almost smoothly passing into frons. Vertex 2.1 × as long as ocellocular distance, almost flattened and sloping only on posterior third; cephalic foveae very fine and close to each other, housed in a small and barely differentiated transverse area, placed somewhat closer to ocellar triangle than occipital carina. Gena 0.65 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, fine and weak on vertex, thick and shortly lamellate on gena, distinctly bent in lower half. Flagellum short and thickened towards apex, F 1 1.05 × as long as wide and 1.2 × as long as F 2, F 2 subquadrate, F 3 – F 9 transverse and becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.55 × as long as wide, in lateral view shallowly depressed dorsoventrally. Pronotum with weakly convex and barely converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, weakly projecting on humeri; pretegular carina absent. Mesoscutum with fine indication of notauli on posterior margin. Scutellum wider than long, almost evenly convex from side to side, flattened on disc, anterior margin crenulate with larger median pit; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as ocellus. Metanotum very weakly obliquely sloping, almost horizontal, with somewhat inflated anterior margin. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe slightly acute with pointed apex and not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and evenly curved. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina absent but indicated by a shallow fold of surface. Propodeum short, in lateral view obliquely sloping from posterior margin of metanotum, dorsal faces almost smoothly passing into metanotum; dorsal faces of propodeum nearly vertical and forming an even surface with posterior face, not meeting behind metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum very shallowly depressed, dorsally margined by blunt lateral carina; posterior face of propodeum flattened, forming two pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line with longitudinal fovea covering about the dorsal third; submarginal carina of propodeum completely fused with propodeal valvula but forming a blunt angle posteriorly. T 1 in dorsal view semicircular, wider than long, anterior margin evenly rounded; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex but not divided in two distinct faces; apical margin of T 1 with hyaline border. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide and with convex sides, slightly wider than T 1; preapical area of T 2 depressed and coarsely punctate, followed by very shallowly reflexed translucent lamella, lamella shorter than ocellar diameter. S 2 evenly convex in lateral view, with shallow but distinct basal longitudinal furrow and translucent apical margin. Head and mesosoma with deep punctures separated by less than their diameters, interspaces much wider on gena, metanotum, propodeum and mesepisternum; clypeus micropunctate and silky-shiny, with scattered fine punctures and few larger punctures above apical margin; tegula sparsely micropunctate and shiny, almost smooth on disc; lateral faces of propodeum with scattered fine punctures. T 1 with oblique shallow punctures, larger and deeper on sides; T 2 with small oblique punctures, deeper basally and on sides and becoming very fine on disc, preapical depressed area with a series of large coarse punctures; T 3 – T 5 with fine deep punctures basally and dense coarse punctures apically; S 1 with coarse and irregular longitudinal ridges on posterior half; S 2 with scattered fine punctures separated by several times their diameter; S 3 – S 5 similar to respective tergites but punctures less evident. Covered in short pale metallic pubescence, silvery-golden on head and mesosoma, dust-like and brassy on metasoma, pubescence generally dense and partly hiding the underlying surface on clypeus and parts of mesosoma; short apically bent setae on face and sides of mesosoma. Dark reddish-black, darker on dorsal side of mesosoma; following parts pale to vivid yellow: mandible, clypeus, broad band on inner eye margin reaching lateral ocelli, broad subtriangular marking from clypeus to anterior ocellus, U-shaped marking on vertex, most of gena and hypostoma, anterior band on pronotum reaching ventral corner of lateral faces, small spots on sides of scutellum, anterior half of metanotum, tegula except central spot, irregular markings on posterior half of mesepisternum, spots above propodeal valvula, apical band on T 1 partly running along lateral sides, apical bands on T 2 – T 5, most of T 6, S 1 except median spot, apical band and very large lateral spots on S 2, apical bands on S 3 – S 5, ventral face of all coxae, elongate spots on outer face of fore and mid femora, small spot at apex of hind femur, anterior line on fore tibia. Wings hyaline with weak orange tinge along costal margin. Male. Unknown. Variability. The extension of the yellow pattern is variable, especially markings on vertex, scutellum, metanotum and mesepisternum can be strongly reduced to absent. The paratype from Beza Mahafaly (CASENT 8600808) is particularly dark, lacking spots on vertex, mesepisternum, propodeum and S 2. The specimen originally described as female of A. segregata (Selis & Carpenter 2024: 45) is slightly smaller (body length 6.1 mm, fore wing length 5.0 mm), has a ferruginous patch in the middle of clypeus and has irregular yellow spots on S 2, but is otherwise nearly identical to the holotype.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFFCFFEBFF0AF8D103ABC49A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 62 E).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFFCFFEBFF0AF8D103ABC49A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet comes from the Latin adjective “ resolutus, - a, - um ”, which can be roughly translated to “ solved ”, in reference to the solved identity of this species, previously misidentified as the female of Afrepipona segregata.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF9FFE5FF0AFD1107A7C246.taxon	description	(Figs 9, 62 F)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF9FFE5FF0AFD1107A7C246.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ MADAGASKAR: TULEAR / Tulear / Garten Bistro du Sud / 19. – 21.10.1996 MADL // Tuleara / leptochiloides Gus. ♂ / J. Gusenleitner, det. 2005 // NHMW // Afrepipona segregata / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis [red label] ” (NHMW).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF9FFE5FF0AFD1107A7C246.taxon	description	Description of female (hitherto unknown). Habitus in Fig. 9 B. Differing from the male (see Selis & Carpenter 2024: 43) as follows: larger size (body length 7.0 mm, fore wing length 6.0 mm), head more robust, clypeus with slightly longer free apical part and deep dense punctures, vertex 2.3 × as long as ocellocular distance, cephalic foveae placed in a shallow transverse pit about as wide as one ocellar diameter, yellow pattern reduced on head, coxae and S 2, clypeus red with yellow corners.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF9FFE5FF0AFD1107A7C246.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga *, Toliara (Selis & Carpenter 2024) (Fig. 62 F). Notes. Selis & Carpenter (2024) described this species based on two specimens with the same collecting data, designating the male as the holotype and the female as the paratype, but noting the doubt in attributing them to the same species given the numerous differences. The examination of new material led to the discovery of the true female of Afrepipona segregata, while the female described by Selis & Carpenter (2024) is attributable to the new species Afrepipona resoluta, described above.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF7FFE6FF0AFB2C01EBC50A.taxon	description	(Figs 10, 62 G)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF7FFE6FF0AFB2C01EBC50A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Forming a pair of sibling species with Alastor curvatus, with which it shares the following characters differentiating them from the other Malagasy Alastor: abruptly bent occipital carina, slender mesosoma, lamellate and hyaline pronotal carina disappearing in median third, not lobate transverse carina of metanotum, T 1 with coarse and large punctures abruptly disappearing posteriorly, T 2 as long as wide and with broad V-shaped furrow, long T 3 with curved posterior margin, male with F 11 ventrally not bulging in apical half. Alastor angulatus is then differentiated from A. curvatus by the following characters: male clypeus 1.15 × and female clypeus 1.25 × as wide as long (Fig. 10 A), male F 11 small and 0.55 × as long as F 9 (Fig. 10 A), pronotal carina strongly angled on humeri and higher dorsally than on lateral faces (Fig. 10 C), lateral faces of propodeum with deep and sparse small punctures (Fig. 10 D), T 1 with anterior part forming an even curvature with posterior part (Fig. 10 E), T 2 with punctures on disc larger and denser (Fig. 10 F).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF7FFE6FF0AFB2C01EBC50A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2081159 // MADAGASCAR: Prov. / Diego-Suarez, PN Montagne / d’Ambre, 1125 m, 14 – 30 May / 2001, 12 ° 31 ' 13 " S 49 ° 10 ' 46 " E / R. Harin’Hala, coll. // CASLOT 011126 / malaise MA- 01 - 01 D- 11 // Alastor angulatus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21741). PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081153); Antsiranana, Diana Region, Orangea dry forest, Ramena, Baie de dune 900 m E of Camp Minier, 12.2328 S 49.3665 E, 152 m, 22 – 29. XII. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2118534); Antsiranana, SAVA region, Vohemar District, 43 km E of Daraina, 13.0793 S 49.9023 E, 182 m, 26. X – 2. XI. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2177732); Antsiranana, SAVA region, Vohemar District, 43 km E of Daraina, 13.0793 S 49.9023 E, 182 m, 16 – 23. XI. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2118462; MSVI, code CASENT 2118457); Antsiranana, SAVA region, Vohemar District, 43 km E of Daraina, 13.0793 S 49.9023 E, 182 m, 30. XI – 7. XII. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2118531, CASENT 2118532, CASENT 2118533).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF7FFE6FF0AFB2C01EBC50A.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 10 B). Body length 8.5 mm; fore wing length 6.0 mm. Head 1.2 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.25 × as wide as long, apical margin rounded out and laterally margined by obtuse corners, 0.4 × as wide as clypeus; clypeus in lateral view evenly convex, flattened in apical third. Vertex 1.25 × as long as ocellocular distance, shallowly convex and weakly sloping posteriorly. Gena 0.8 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina incomplete, absent on most vertex, strong and shortly lamellate on gena, carina diverging from outer eye margin and almost reaching hypostomal carina, then abruptly bent and reaching mandibular articulation. Flagellum short and thickened apically, F 8 almost twice as wide as F 1; F 1 1.3 × as long as wide and 1.15 × as long as F 2, F 2 subquadrate, F 3 – F 9 transverse and becoming progressively shorter and wider. Mesosoma 1.65 × as long as wide, dorsoventrally depressed and in lateral view mesoscutum and scutellum forming an evenly flattened surface. Pronotum with convex and anteriorly converging sides, strongly sinuate on humeri, which are acute; pronotal carina absent in median third of dorsal face, high and forming a long translucent lamella on lateral thirds and right-angled on humeri, sharp but much lower and not translucent on lateral faces; pretegular carina strong but visible only near posterior angle on pronotum; anterior face of pronotum with a short transverse carina perpendicularly originating from pronotal carina on each side. Mesoscutum longer than wide, in lateral view shallowly convex only in anterior third. Scutellum slightly wider than long, entirely flattened with weakly indicated longitudinal impression in posterior third, anterior margin deep and furrowed with shallow crenulation; axillary fossa rounded and deep, placed well below level of disc of scutellum and closed by posterior lobe of tegula. Metanotum vertical with a sharp and high transverse carina delimiting a very short anterior oblique face, carina right-angled at extreme sides. Tegula larger than scutellum, outer margin weakly convex and then abruptly bent, becoming perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body, posterior lobe very large and acute, its apex reaching disc of scutellum. Mesepisternum short and wide, evenly and weakly convex, smoothly passing into surrounding sclerites; mesosternum long and flattened. Propodeum long and strongly oblique, in lateral view evenly sloping from metanotum to orifice, bearing dorsolaterally reflexed subconical teeth with shallowly bidentate apex above valvulae, in dorsal view with straight sides in basal half, then angled and deeply excised between posterolateral angles and apex of apical teeth; dorsal carinae present for a short length from posterolateral corners of metanotum, robust but irregular; posterior face with a median differentiated area, basally as wide as one third of metanotum and with a subtriangular shallowly raised sclerite, then narrowing and deepening towards propodeal orifice; submarginal carina of propodeum running on ventrolateral margin of apical teeth of propodeum and forming the lower point at its apex; propodeal valvula subrectangular and free, not fused with submarginal carina. T 1 in dorsal view with evenly rounded anterior margin smoothly passing into weakly diverging sides, wider than long; T 1 in lateral view forming an evenly and strongly curved surface, shallowly depressed in front of thickened apical margin. T 2 in dorsal view subquadrate with parallel sides, about as wide as apical margin of T 1; disc of T 2 with a shallow and wide V-shaped depression, its convexity pointing apically; T 2 with two shallow preapical bulges. T 3 elongate with strongly rounded posterior margin. S 2 obliquely cut-off in lateral view and much longer than T 2, shallowly but distinctly convex at extreme base and sharply separated from basal furrow. Head and mesosoma with large and dense punctures, interspaces narrower than puncture diameter but well evident, slightly convex and shiny, with very fine and sparse micropunctures; clypeus more densely micropunctate and with few sparse large punctures; lateral faces of pronotum with short but strong striae in ventral third along pronotal carina; scutellum with much sparser punctures; metanotum with punctures much smaller and limited to dorsal half; tegula with deep punctures separated by about their diameter, smooth only on a small spot on disc, otherwise evenly and completely punctate; mesepisternum with punctures becoming sparser ventrally; dorsal faces of propodeum with large flat-bottomed punctures, denser medially; lateral faces of propodeum with sparse small and deep punctures; sides of posterior face of propodeum smooth and shiny with scattered deep punctured, median area entirely smooth. T 1 with anterior vertical part finely shagreened with scattered fine punctures, posterior horizontal part with very large oblique punctures partially fused in irregular series, punctures disappearing abruptly and leaving a smooth area about as long as two ocellar diameters; T 2 on disc with large and deep punctures, interspaces generally narrower than puncture diameter, punctures becoming much finer and slightly sparser on sides and apically, except for a preapical area with coarse and dense punctures; T 3 sculpted similar to disc of T 2, but punctures denser and interspaces almost disappearing in apical third; T 4 – T 6 shagreened with scattered shallow punctures; S 1 sculpted like T 1; S 2 punctate similar to T 3, but interspaces slightly wider and shiny; S 3 – S 6 shagreened with barely visible scattered punctures. Head and mesosoma with short and dense silvery pubescence on sides and ventral part, dorsal face of both with inconspicuous pubescence limited to sutures and otherwise bare; metasoma with non-metallic and dust-like pubescence; erect setae on whole body, long and perpendicular to surface on head and mesosoma (except parts of propodeum), shorter and oblique on metasoma, longer and denser on S 2. Black; following parts bright red: most of head (except interantennal space, ocellar area and line connecting them), dorsal face of pronotum, broad M-shaped marking on mesoscutum, scutellum, metanotum except carina, most of mesepisternum, dorsal and lateral faces of propodeum, irregular broad markings on sides of T 1, sides and apical third of T 2, most of T 3, S 1 – S 2, legs; following parts ferruginous-orange: clypeus, ocular sinus, scape, most of tegula, T 4 – T 6 and S 3 – S 6; following parts pale yellow: large subtriangular spots on pronotal humeri, curved band covering posterior half of scutellum and narrowly interrupted in the middle, anterior and posterior spots on tegula, thickened apical margin of T 1, sinuate apical band on T 2 slightly wider on sides, transverse spot in middle of apical spot of T 3, apical band on S 2 wider in the middle; outer face of all tibiae with white line. Wings fusco-hyaline with dark brown tinge and purplish reflections along costa. Male. Similar to female, differing as follows: smaller size (body length 6.0 mm, fore wing length 5.0 mm), clypeus narrower and higher, 1.15 × as wide as long with anterior margin subtruncate and margined by pointed teeth, 0.4 × as wide as clypeus, F 11 small and 0.55 × as long as F 9, more or less almond-shaped in dorsal view, weakly curved with sinuate ventral margin in lateral view, mesosoma shorter and 1.55 × as long as wide, T 1 shorter and less convex, T 2 shorter and with stronger posterolateral bulges, clypeus, mandible and ocular sinus entirely yellow. Variability. The female paratype from 43 km E of Daraina is smaller, with less red markings and has a pale yellow basal band on clypeus. In some males the pale spots on the tegula are connected by a narrow line along the outer margin.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF7FFE6FF0AFB2C01EBC50A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana (Fig. 62 G).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF7FFE6FF0AFB2C01EBC50A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is the Latin adjective “ angulatus, - a, - um ” (= angled), in reference to the angled pronotal humeri differentiating this species from Alastor curvatus.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF4FFE3FF0AFC610623C302.taxon	description	(Figs 11, 62 H)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF4FFE3FF0AFC610623C302.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Forming a pair of sibling species with Alastor angulatus, with which it shares the following characters differentiating them from the other Malagasy Alastor: abruptly bent occipital carina, slender mesosoma, lamellate and hyaline pronotal carina disappearing in median third, not lobate transverse carina of metanotum, T 1 with coarse and large punctures abruptly disappearing posteriorly, T 2 as long as wide and with broad V-shaped furrow, long T 3 with curved posterior margin, male with F 11 ventrally not bulging in apical half. Alastor curvatus is then differentiated from A. angulatus by the following characters: male clypeus 1.35 × and female clypeus 1.4 × as wide as long (Fig. 11 A), male F 11 large and 0.75 × as long as F 9 (Fig. 11 A), pronotal carina at most obtusely angled on humeri and as high dorsally as on lateral faces or even shorter (Fig. 11 C), lateral faces of propodeum with shallow and dense flat-bottomed cells (Fig. 11 D), T 1 subcylindrical and with anterior part forming an angle with posterior part (Fig. 11 E), T 2 with punctures on disc finer and sparser (Fig. 11 F).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF4FFE3FF0AFC610623C302.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 8105943 // MADAGASCAR: Majunga / Ambovomamy Belambo / 20 km NW of Port Berger / 23 Nov – 8 Dec 2007 / 15 ° 27.07 ' S, 47 ° 36.80 ' E / California Acad of Sciences // coll: R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin, / F. Parker, malaise, second- / ary growth on white sand / elev 33 m MG- 33 - 40 // Alastor curvatus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21742). PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 3 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105940; MSVI, codes CASENT 8105937, CASENT 8105938); same locality as holotype, 4 – 14. I. 2007, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 8105952, CASENT 8105955, CASENT 8105999); same locality as holotype, 22 – 27. I. 2007, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105801; MSVI, code CASENT 8105800); same locality as holotype, 13 – 15. XI. 2007, 6 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2046251, CASENT 2046256, CASENT 2046263, CASENT 2046264, CASENT 2046266; MSVI, code CASENT 2046254); same locality as holotype, 11 – 20. XII. 2007, 5 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2047061, CASENT 2047062, CASENT 2047063; MSVI, codes CASENT 2047059, CASENT 2047060); same locality as holotype, 31. XII. 2007 – 7. I. 2008, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2047078); Antananarivo, 46 km NE of Ankazobe, Ambohitantely, 18.1980 S 47.2815 E, 700 m, 20. I – 1. II. 2004, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2081283, CASENT 2081284); Antsiranana, Foret de Bekaraoka, 6.8 km 60 ° ENE of Daraina, 13.1666 S 49.7100 E, 150 m, 7. XII. 2003, leg. B. L. Fisher, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2177663); Antsiranana, Réserve Spéciale d’Ambre, 3.5 km 235 ° SW of Sakaramy, 12.4688 S 49.2422 E, 325 m, 26 – 31. I. 2001, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2001748); Antsiranana, Vohemar, SAVA region, Andranotsimaty dry forest, 9 km NE of Daraina, 13.1695 S 49.7006 E, 90 m, 16 – 26. XII. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2118498); Fianarantsoa, near Isalo NP, in dry wash east of Interpretive Center, 22.6266 S 45.3581 E, 885 m, 2 – 12. II. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153743); Mahajanga, Sofia District, 45 km S of Antsohihy, 5 km W of Anjiamangirana, 15.1570 S 47.7341 E, 97 m, 13 – 19. XII. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2118523, CASENT 2118527); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.3193 S 46.8133 E, 43 m, 8 – 17. XII. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2153701, CASENT 2153702); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.1333 S 45.7000 E, 11 – 18. XII. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2047103); Majunga, Maintirano District, Asondrodava dry forest, 15 km N of Maintirano, 17.9653 S 44.0355 E, 17 – 24. XII. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2166026); Toliara, PN de Kirindy Mitea, 15.5 km 64 ° ENE of Marofandilia, 20.0450 S 44.6622 E, 100 m, 28. XI – 3. XII. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2046394); Tulear, Zombitse NP, near ANGAP office, 22.8865 S 44.6921 E, 840 m, 15. X – 9. XI. 2001, leg. M. E. Irwin, F. D. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2053923); Tulear, Zombitse NP, near national road, 22.8405 S 44.7311 E, 825 m, 15. X – 9. XI. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153885).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF4FFE3FF0AFC610623C302.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 11 B). Body length 7.5 mm; fore wing length 6.0 mm. Head 1.2 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.4 × as wide as long, apical margin subtruncate with shortly lobate median third, 0.35 × as wide as clypeus, lateral teeth right-angled and shallowly reflexed, with a very short but distinct carina; clypeus in lateral view strongly convex basally, shallowly depressed in apical third. Vertex 1.6 × as long as ocellocular distance, almost flattened and barely sloping in lateral view. Gena 0.8 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina incomplete, absent on vertex and upper fourth of gena, on gena diverging from outer eye margin and almost reaching hypostomal carina, then abruptly bent and reaching mandibular articulation, vertical part distinct but very fine, horizontal part very shortly lamellate. Flagellum short and weakly thickened apically; F 1 1.2 × as long as wide and 1.2 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 8 transverse and becoming progressively shorter and wide, F 9 subquadrate. Mesosoma 1.8 × as long as wide, dorsoventrally depressed and in lateral view mesoscutum and scutellum forming an evenly flattened surface. Pronotum with weakly convex and converging sides, barely sinuate behind obtuse humeri; pronotal carina absent on median third where the pronotum is shallowly depressed, carina high and lamellate on lateral thirds and evenly rounded on humeri, lamellate and as high on dorsal part on lateral faces; pretegular carina strong but visible only near posterior angle of pronotum; anterior face of pronotum with a short transverse carina perpendicularly originating from pronotal carina on each side. Mesoscutum longer than wide, in lateral view shallowly convex only in anterior third. Scutellum trapezoidal, sides diverging and posterior margin wider than anterior margin; disc flattened with a very shallow longitudinal impression, anterior margin evenly crenate; axillary fossa rounded and deep, placed well below level of disc of scutellum and closed by posterior lobe of tegula. Metanotum vertical with a sharp and high transverse carina delimiting a very short anterior oblique face, carina curved down at extreme sides. Tegula larger than scutellum, outer margin strongly convex, convexity increasing posteriorly so that the margin becomes perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body, posterior lobe very large and acute with rounded apex, its apex reaching disc of scutellum. Mesepisternum short and wide, evenly and weakly convex, smoothly passing into surrounding sclerites; mesosternum long and flattened. Propodeum long and strongly oblique, in lateral view evenly sloping from metanotum to orifice, bearing dorsolaterally reflexed subconical teeth with shallowly bidentate apex above valvulae, in dorsal view with straight sides in basal half, then angled and deeply excised between posterolateral angles and apex of apical teeth; dorsal carinae present for a short length from posterolateral corners of metanotum, robust but irregular; posterior face with a median differentiated area, basally about as wide as one third of metanotum and narrowing and deepening towards propodeal orifice; submarginal carina of propodeum running on ventrolateral margin of apical teeth of propodeum and forming the lower point at its apex; propodeal valvula subrectangular and free, not fused with submarginal carina. T 1 subcylindrical, in dorsal view with nearly straight anterior margin smoothly passing into subparallel sides, about as wide as long; T 1 in lateral view raising perpendicularly behind insertion of suspensory ligament, forming a barely convex vertical face, weakly but distinctly separated from posterior horizontal part, which is flattened with a very shallow impression in front of shallowly thickened apical margin. T 2 in dorsal view subquadrate with parallel sides, about as wide as apical margin of T 1; disc of T 2 with a shallow and wide, medially interrupted V-shaped depression, its convexity pointing apically and anteriorly margining two shallow preapical bulges; apical margin of T 2 shallowly concave in the middle. T 3 elongate with strongly rounded posterior margin. S 2 obliquely cut-off in lateral view and much longer than T 2, shallowly but distinctly convex at extreme base and sharply separated from basal furrow. Head and mesosoma with large and dense punctures, interspaces narrower than puncture diameter but well evident, slightly convex and shiny, with very fine and sparse micropunctures; clypeus more densely micropunctate and with sparse large punctures separated by more than their diameter; lateral faces of pronotum coarsely and irregularly punctate along pronotal carina; scutellum with sparser and smaller punctures; metanotum with punctures much smaller and limited to dorsal half; tegula with deep punctures separated by about their diameter, smooth only on a small spot on disc, otherwise evenly and completely punctate; mesepisternum with punctures becoming sparser ventrally; dorsal faces of propodeum with large flat-bottomed punctures, denser on median half where interspaces are reduced to sharp ridges; lateral faces of propodeum similar to dorsal faces, but punctures much shallower and wider, forming large polygonal cells separated by very narrow interspaces; sides of posterior face of propodeum smooth and shiny with sparse deep punctures, median area finely shagreened and less shiny. T 1 with anterior vertical part finely shagreened with scattered fine punctures, posterior horizontal part with very large oblique punctures separated by narrow convex interspaces, punctures disappearing abruptly and leaving an apical smooth area about as long as two ocellar diameters in the middle; T 2 on disc with deep oblique punctures, interspaces generally much wider than puncture diameter, punctures becoming larger on sides, finer and sparser on convex part behind furrow, preapical area with coarser and dense punctures; T 3 with small deep punctures separated by less than their diameter, leaving an impunctate apical area, interspaces densely shagreened; T 4 – T 6 shagreened with scattered shallow punctures; S 1 sculpted similar to T 1; S 2 with deep punctures, interspaces about as wide as puncture diameter and shiny; S 3 – S 6 shagreened with barely visible scattered punctures. Head and mesosoma with short silvery pubescence on sides and ventral part, dorsal face of both with inconspicuous pubescence limited to sutures and otherwise bare; metasoma with non-metallic and dust-like pubescence; erect setae on whole body, long and perpendicular to surface on head and mesosoma (except parts of propodeum), shorter and oblique on metasoma, longer and denser on S 1 – S 2. Black; following parts red: mandible except teeth, scape, margins of ocular sinus, line on upper half of gena, anterior half of dorsal face and posterior margin of pronotum, band on posterior half of scutellum reaching anterior margin on extreme sides, rounded spot on mesepisternum below tegula, anterolateral spot on dorsal faces of propodeum, rounded lateral spots connected to preapical band on T 1, preapical band strongly extended on sides on T 2, most of T 3, most of S 1, preapical band on S 2, most of legs; following parts pale yellow: spot in middle of ocular sinus, small spot on pronotal humeri, anterior and posterior spots on tegula, narrow apical margin of T 1, sinuate apical band on T 2, transverse biconvex spot in middle of apical margin of T 3, apical band on S 2, line on outer face of all tibiae; clypeus, tegula, T 4 – T 6 and S 3 – S 6 ferruginous, clypeus with paler basal margin and apical corners. Wings hyaline with brown tinge along costal margin. Male. Similar to female, differing as follows: clypeus slightly narrower and higher, 1.35 × as wide as high, with anterior margin subtruncate and margined by pointed teeth, 0.4 × as wide as clypeus, F 11 0.75 × as long as F 9, almond-shaped in dorsal view, nearly straight with convex ventral margin in lateral view, mesosoma shorter and 1.6 × as long as wide, T 1 – T 2 shorter, clypeus and mandible yellow. Variability. Some specimens present the pronotal humeri weakly and obtusely angled. The red pattern is highly variable even in the same locality, ranging to almost completely absent to completely replacing the black.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF4FFE3FF0AFC610623C302.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toliara (Fig. 62 H).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF4FFE3FF0AFC610623C302.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is the Latin adjective “ curvatus, - a, - um ” (= curved, rounded), in reference to the rounded pronotal humeri differentiating this species from Alastor angulatus.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF1FFE3FF0AFA69072AC0BD.taxon	description	(Figs 1 J, K, 12 A, 62 I)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF1FFE3FF0AFA69072AC0BD.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. PARATYPES: Reg. Sud de l’Ile, Bekily, 1 ♂ (MSNVE). Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana *, Mahajanga *, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1991 b) (Fig. 62 I).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF1FFDDFF0AF93407A7C1BE.taxon	description	(Figs 12 B, 62 J)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF1FFDDFF0AF93407A7C1BE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ Bekily / I- 33 // HOLOTYPUS / Alastor / nigroflavus [red label] ” (MSNVE).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFF1FFDDFF0AF93407A7C1BE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Giordani Soika 1991 b) (Fig. 62 J). Notes. The three specimens in CAS were compared with the holotype of Alastor nigroflavus and differ from it in pattern (largely red and with white-yellow band on T 1 – T 3 and S 2) and curvature of outer margin of tegula (more abruptly curved posteriorly). It cannot be excluded that they represent a distinct species, however the three specimens do not present further differences compared to the holotype and show a certain variability in the two aforementioned characters. Pending more abundant material, they are considered conspecific with Alastor nigroflavus. Genus Antepipona de Saussure, 1855	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFF7C02E3C4B3.taxon	description	(Figs 2 A, 13 A – C, 62 K)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFF7C02E3C4B3.taxon	description	Description of male (hitherto unknown). Habitus in Fig. 13 B. Differing from the female as follows: head 1.35 × as wide as high, clypeus 1.1 × as wide as long and deeply emarginate at apex, emargination about as deep as wide and laterally bordered by sharp spiniform teeth, F 11 small and thin with sharply pointed apex not reaching basal margin of F 9, pronotal humeri slightly more projecting, lateral carinae of scutellum narrower but slightly longer (Fig. 13 C), apical reflexed part of T 3 shorter, mandible, labrum and clypeus entirely yellow, fore tibia with narrow whitish line on outer face, mid and hind tibiae with whitish spots at base and apex, tarsi white basally and becoming yellow-ferruginous apically.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFF7C02E3C4B3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana *, Mahajanga, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1991 a; Gusenleitner 2000) (Fig. 62 K).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFD390180C58D.taxon	description	(Figs 2 C, 13 D, 62 L)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFD390180C58D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara (de Saussure 1900; Giordani Soika 1941, 1991 a; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2000, 2004) (Fig. 62 L).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFBFB03C3C2CE.taxon	description	(Figs 1 L, 14 A, 62 M)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFBFB03C3C2CE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga *, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1941, 1973; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2000) (Fig. 62 M).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFAA4010AC0B7.taxon	description	(Figs 14 B, 62 N)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFAA4010AC0B7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. PARALECTOTYPES: Bekily, I. 1933, 3 ♂ (MSNVE); Bekily, II. 1933, leg. A. Seyrig, 1 ♂ (MSNVE); Bekily, III. 1933, 1 ♂ (MSNVE).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFDCFF0AFAA4010AC0B7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1941, 1973, 1991 a; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2004) (Fig. 62 N).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFD9FF0AF93D07A7C230.taxon	description	(Figs 14 C, 62 O)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCEFFD9FF0AF93D07A7C230.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa (Giordani Soika 1941; Gusenleitner 2004) (Fig. 62 O). Notes. Odynerus vatondrangyensis was originally described by Giordani Soika (1941) in his key to Malagasy “ Odynerus ” and then remained as an incertae sedis species until recently, when Dal Pos et al. (2022) listed it as Ovodynerus vatondrangyensis but still marking it as incertae sedis. Examination of a pair housed in MSNVE (labelled by Giordani Soika with the unpublished combination Postepipona vatondrangyensis) revealed that this taxon belongs to Antepipona. Moreover, comparison of the two specimens with the original description and a female paratype showed Simplepipona andreanicolor to be a synonym of Antepipona vatondrangyensis.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCBFFD9FF0AFBBD0363C022.taxon	description	(Figs 2 B, 2 D, 15 A, 62 P)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCBFFD9FF0AFBBD0363C022.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. LECTOTYPE Of ODYNERUS ANDREANUS: ♂, labelled “ nossi-bé // Odyn. / andreanus / ♂ Sss. // MHNG / ENTO ♂ / 00013319 // Odynerus andreanus / de Saussure, 1890 / LECTOTYPE / Des. Marco Selis 2022 ” (MHNG).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCBFFD9FF0AFBBD0363C022.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toliara (de Saussure 1890; du Buysson 1900, 1907; Giordani Soika 1941; 1991 a; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2000, 2004; Selis & Carpenter 2023) (Fig. 62 P).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCBFFDBFF0AF98903E9C756.taxon	description	(Figs 15 B, 63 A)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCBFFDBFF0AF98903E9C756.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE Of EPIODYNERUS GRANDIDIERI LIMBATULUS: ♂, labelled “ M-cus / 88: 255 // MADAGASCAR / Centre: / Analavory / 2 III 1988 / L. A. NILSSON // HOLOTYPUS / grandidieri / limbatulus [red label] // Epiodynerus / grandidieri / limbatulus / See Giordani-Soika / 1991: 81 ” (UUZM).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFCBFFDBFF0AF98903E9C756.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa, Toamasina, Toliara (de Saussure 1890, 1900; Friederichs 1919; von Schulthess 1919; Giordani Soika 1941, 1991 a; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2004; Selis & Carpenter 2023) (Fig. 63 A).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC8FFDAFF0AFF7C0393C328.taxon	description	(Figs 1 D, 15 C, 16, 63 B)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC8FFDAFF0AFF7C0393C328.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Toamasina, Toliara (de Saussure 1852, 1890; von Schulthess 1907; Giordani Soika 1941, 1999; Madl 1995; Gusenleitner 2000, 2004; Selis & Carpenter 2023) (Fig. 63 B). Notes. The few available specimens show a wide range of variability, both morphological and chromatic (Fig. 16). The specimens coming from the eastern part of the island do not show any white pattern (Fig. 16 A) and have the metanotum protruding and with a clear transverse carina (Fig. 16 B), while the more western specimens have a narrow white band on T 1 (Fig. 16 C) and the metanotum very little protruding, almost entirely oblique and with a very weak transverse carina (Fig. 16 D). A particularly interesting form is found in the Isalo National Park, which has larger size, a strongly protruding and carinate metanotum (Fig. 16 F), and tergites and sternites up to the fifth with evident white bands (Fig. 16 E). Some differences in sculpture are also observed, with larger specimens generally being more densely punctate. It cannot be excluded that these forms represent two or three distinct species, but the lack of males does not allow drawing of any conclusions in this regard. Genus Antodynerus de Saussure, 1855	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC8FFD5FF0AFA8607A7C0DA.taxon	description	(Figs 2 F, 2 H, 17, 63 C)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC8FFD5FF0AFA8607A7C0DA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar *: Toliara * (Fig. 63 C). Burkina Faso, Congo, Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Zimbabwe. Notes. This species, widely distributed in continental Africa, has never been found before in Madagascar and is known from the island only from a few specimens collected on a single occasion. It is possible that its presence in Madagascar is the result of an accidental introduction. Genus Cyrteumenes Giordani Soika, 1991	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC7FFD6FF0AF8C50080C42A.taxon	description	(Figs 18, 63 D)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC7FFD6FF0AF8C50080C42A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cyrteumenes deplanatus sp. nov. is immediately distinguished from all other species of Cyrteumenes by the elongate and dorsoventrally depressed mesosoma, with mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum forming an evenly flattened surface (Fig. 18 C).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC7FFD6FF0AF8C50080C42A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 3003723 // MADAGASCAR Fianarantsoa / Prov. Parc Nacional Ranomafana / Bell Vue Trail, tropical forest / 21 ° 15.6 ' S 47 ° 25.6 ' E 1000 m / M. E. Irwin and E. I. Schlinger / MEI. 99 - MA- 7 21 - XII- 1999 // Cyrteumenes deplanatus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2025 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21743). PARATYPES: Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21.2665 S 47.420167 E, 1020 m, 28. IV – 5. V. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046434).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC7FFD6FF0AF8C50080C42A.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 18 B). Body length 9.0 mm; fore wing length 7.0 mm. Head as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view as wide as long, free apical part much shorter than interocular part, apical margin very narrowly emarginate, 0.1 × as wide as clypeus, small apical teeth acute and shortly carinate, lateral margins of free apical part sinuate with short lamellate expansion in basal third; clypeus in lateral view very weakly convex, more markedly in basal half. Vertex 1.75 × as long as ocellocular distance, posteriorly sloping and very weakly convex in lateral view. Gena 0.9 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, gena in dorsal view weakly convex and posteriorly converging; occipital carina complete and sharp, finer on vertex and shortly lamellate on gena, strongly bent in lower half. F 1 1.4 × as long as wide and 1.45 × as long as F 2, F 2 subquadrate and F 3 – F 9 transverse, becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.85 × as long as wide, elongate and slightly fusiform in dorsal view, markedly depressed dorsoventrally in lateral view, with mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum forming an evenly flattened surface smoothly passing into propodeum. Pronotum with straight and anteriorly converging sides, humeri bluntly angled in dorsal view and right-angled in anterior view; pronotal carina complete, sharply lamellate and hyaline on dorsal face, lower and blunter on lateral faces; pretegular carina absent; dorsal and lateral faces of pronotum forming an evenly curved surface, shallowly furrowed along pronotal carina on lateral faces. Mesoscutum longer than wide, with very shallow and wide notauli in front of scutellum. Scutellum subquadrate, slightly wider than long and entirely flattened, anterior margin with a small and shallow median pit; axillary fossa small and rounded, slightly smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum short and flattened, smoothly passing into scutellum and propodeum, posterior margin evenly curved. Tegula campanulate and about as long as wide, with somewhat medially bent outer margin, posterior lobe short and wide with pointed apex equaling parategula; parategula somewhat scythe-shaped, flattened laterolaterally and with sharply pointed apex. Mesepisternum elongate and very low, strongly oblique in lateral view and smoothly passing into wide and flattened mesosternum; epicnemial carina completely absent. Propodeum elongate and with an oblique surface behind metanotum, surface longer than metanotum but not sharply separated from posterior depression of propodeum, medially furrowed; dorsal faces of propodeum evenly and weakly convex, meeting in the middle to form dorsal surface; lateral faces of propodeum flattened and not clearly separated from dorsal faces; posterior face of propodeum forming a circular and deep depression, with a strong longitudinal carina at its bottom; submarginal carina of propodeum strongly developed in a wide and subtriangular lamellar lobe, apically rounded. T 1 elongate pyriform, 2.35 × as long as apically wide, petiolate and subquadrate in section in basal two-fifths, sub-triangularly expanded and dorsally convex in posterior three-fifths, basal stalk basally tuberculate and then longitudinally carinate in the middle; T 1 in lateral view abruptly raising at extreme base, flattened on basal stalk, convex and becoming progressively higher posteriorly on expanded part, then preapically abruptly furrowed and thickened apically. T 2 longer than wide and bell-shaped, constricted basally and much wider apically than basally; apical margin of T 2 with a long brownish lamella not markedly separated from rest of surface except for a series of shallow oblique punctures; T 2 in lateral view basally convex and then flattened to apex. S 1 elongate bell-shaped, narrow and parallel-sided on basal stalk and then sub-triangularly expanded in posterior half; narrow basal part longitudinally carinate medially, expanded part evenly flattened. S 2 in lateral view obliquely sloping basally and then flattened, the two surfaces separated by an extremely shallow fold of the surface visible only under incident light; apical margin of S 2 lamellate similar to T 2, but lamella shorter and somewhat more markedly separated from rest of surface. Frons with deep punctures separated by flattened interspaces ranging from half to one puncture diameter, punctures becoming denser near ocellar triangle; vertex with punctures similar to frons but larger; gena with sparser punctures than frons; clypeus with well impressed circular punctures, denser and deeper basally and much sparser and shallower on disc and apex. Mesosoma with larger and generally sparser punctures; anterior face of pronotum smooth except for some fine punctures near ventral margin; lateral faces of pronotum very sparsely punctate on ventral end; mesoscutum with very shiny and sparsely micropunctate interspaces, becoming wider from anterior to posterior end; scutellum similar to posterior third of mesoscutum; tegula smooth and shiny with very sparse micropunctures; mesepisternum with interspaces equal to puncture diameter on upper end and becoming much wider ventrally; dorsal faces of propodeum with deep punctures separated by very wide shiny interspaces; metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum with smaller and sparse punctures, interspaces very finely and not clearly microsculpted, with a silky shine; posterior depression of propodeum with small deep punctures arranged in irregular semicircular series. T 1 with some scattered oblique and flat-bottomed punctures on basal stalk, apical expanded part with small deep punctures becoming progressively denser apically but always separated by interspaces as wide as several puncture diameters, thickened apical margin impunctate; T 2 basally punctate similar to expanded part of T 1, punctures becoming finer and somewhat denser on disc and apex, preapical area of T 2 impunctate except for series of shallow punctures bordering the apical lamella; T 3 – T 6 finely micropunctate, micropunctures becoming much finer and sparser from T 3 to T 6; S 1 shiny, basal stalk with some punctures bordering the median carina, apical expanded part with few scattered fine punctures; S 2 with larger and much sparser punctures than T 2; S 3 – S 6 similar to respective tergites but micropunctures much finer and sparser. Head and mesosoma with long pale-brownish erect setae and short pubescence, setae longer on frons, pronotum, scutellum and propodeum, setae on mesepisternum bent at apex, pubescence denser and silvery on clypeus, ocular sinus and sides of mesosoma; metasoma with very short, dust-like pubescence, erect setae on basal stalk of T 1, apex of T 5 – T 6 and S 1 – S 6, setae on basal stalk of T 1 and S 1 much longer and finer. Black; following parts light to dark red: mandible, large sub-pentagonal spot on clypeus, apex of scape, wide longitudinal bands along eye margins and in middle on frons, most of pronotum with darkened dorsolateral surfaces, scutellum, tegula, most of mesepisternum, expanded part of T 1 and S 1, irregular margins of T 2, most of S 2, irregular apical marking on fore femur, tibiae and tarsi; following parts ivory-yellow: clypeus except median red spot, lower face of scape, interantennal space, narrow anterior band on pronotum becoming slightly wider on humeri, narrow apical bands on T 1, T 2 and S 2; T 3 – T 6 and S 3 – S 6 orange. Wings fusco-hyaline with weak brownish tinge. Male. Unknown. Variability. The paratype shows a darker pattern, with much reduced red markings on mesosoma and metasoma.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC7FFD6FF0AF8C50080C42A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa (Fig. 63 D).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC7FFD6FF0AF8C50080C42A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin word deplanatus (= flattened, made even), in reference to the evenly flattened dorsal surface of the mesosoma.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC4FFD0FF0AFD800122C01E.taxon	description	(Figs 19, 63 E)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC4FFD0FF0AFD800122C01E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cyrteumenes laevifrons sp. nov. belongs to the group of species with globular mesosoma, elongate T 1 and sparsely punctate metasoma together with C. mochii Borsato and C. propodealis sp. nov., from which it is readily distinguished by the sparsely punctate frons with flattened interspaces as wide as puncture diameter (Fig. 19 C).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC4FFD0FF0AFD800122C01E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2046456 // MADAGASCAR: Prov. / Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana / JIRAMA water works, 690 m / 21 ° 14.91 ' S 47 ° 27.13 ' E / 10 – 14 Jan 2002, R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 011159 / malaise near river / MA- 02 - 09 D- 11 // Cyrteumenes laevifrons / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2025 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21744). PARATYPES: District de Fanovana, Forets humides, IX – X. 1938, leg. C. Lamberton, 1 ♀ (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC 00418849); Fianarantsoa, Parc Nacional Ranomafana, Bell Vue Trail, 21.2600 S 47.426667 E, 1000 m, 21. XII. 1999, leg. M. E. Irwin & E. I. Schlinger, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 3003727); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21.2665 S 47.420167 E, 1020 m, 22 – 28. XI. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (MSVI, code CASENT 2046468); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Vohiparara, 21.226167 S 47.369833 E, 1110 m, 15 – 25. VII. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2053890).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC4FFD0FF0AFD800122C01E.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype (Fig. 19 B). Body length 7.0 mm; fore wing length 6.5 mm. Head 1.25 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.25 × as wide as long, free apical part much shorter than interocular part, apical margin very narrowly emarginate, 0.2 × as wide as clypeus, small apical teeth short and wide with bluntly pointed apex, lateral margins of free apical part shortly lamellate in basal half; clypeus in lateral view very weakly convex. Vertex 1.4 × as long as ocellocular distance, flattened and weakly sloping posteriorly. Gena 0.6 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, gena in dorsal view shallowly bulging behind eye and then strongly converging posteriorly; occipital carina complete, fine and sharp, strongly bent in lower half. F 1 1.5 × as long as wide and 1.1 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 4 longer than wide and becoming progressively shorter, F 5 – F 8 wider than long, F 9 longer than wide, F 11 long and thin with sharply pointed apex, needle-like, very weakly curved basally; F 9 with tyloid as a subtriangular and shiny flattened area on which F 11 lies at rest. Mesosoma 1.4 × as long as wide, more or less globular and dorsally convex in lateral view. Pronotum with nearly straight and anteriorly converging sides, humeri right-angled and pointed in dorsal view and bluntly angled in anterior view; pronotal carina complete, very shortly lamellate and hyaline on dorsal face, very fine and almost evanescent below humeri, blunter on lateral faces; pretegular carina absent; dorsal and lateral faces of pronotum forming a smoothly rounded surface. Mesoscutum with extremely shallow indications of notauli at anterior and posterior ends. Scutellum wider than long, convex and somewhat medially bulging in lateral view, anterior margin narrowly furrowed and shallowly depressed medially; axillary fossa small and rounded, slightly smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum strongly sloping, nearly vertical, weakly convex and shallowly bulging centrally. Tegula weakly campanulate and about as long as wide, with outer margin weakly bent in anterior half, posterior lobe short and wide with pointed apex equaling parategula; parategula scythe-shaped, flattened laterolaterally and with sharply pointed apex. Mesepisternum evenly convex and with barely developed sulci; epicnemial carina completely absent. Propodeum short and strongly sloping, strongly and evenly convex in lateral view; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly sloping and convex, narrowly meeting medially but without forming a distinct surface behind metanotum, separated by a median longitudinal furrow; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, separated from dorsal faces only by a very short and shallow folding of the cuticle; posterior face of propodeum forming a semi-elliptical depression, bearing a median crenate furrow and a short strong carina at its bottom; submarginal carina of propodeum strongly developed in a wide and subtriangular lamellar lobe, widely rounded at apex. T 1 elongate pyriform, 2.15 × as long as apically wide, with a very short basal stalk and then sub-triangularly expanded with convex sides, basal stalk transversely tuberculate in the middle; T 1 in lateral view sub-triangularly raised on basal stalk, then evenly convex except for shallow subapical depression. T 2 slightly longer than wide and bell-shaped, constricted basally and much wider apically than basally, sides convex; apical margin of T 2 with a long brownish lamella very shallowly separated from rest of surface by a series of shallow oblique punctures. S 1 elongate bell-shaped, with a very narrow and apically constricted basal stalk and a sub-triangularly expanded posterior part with shallowly tuberculate posterior angles. S 2 in lateral view obliquely sloping basally and then very shallowly depressed, the two surfaces separated by a shallow fold of the surface; apical margin of S 2 lamellate similar to T 2, but lamella slightly shorter. S 7 flattened with evenly rounded apex. Frons with deep punctures separated by flattened interspaces mostly as wide as one puncture diameter, punctures becoming sparser on vertex; gena with scattered smaller punctures, interspaces as wide as several puncture diameters; clypeus sparsely micropunctate, with few scattered punctures that are deeper and more evident on disc. Mesosoma punctate similar to vertex, but punctures deeper and slightly larger, most interspaces wider than puncture diameter, strongly shiny; anterior face of pronotum with few punctures on extreme sides; scutellum with few scattered punctures; metanotum with a band of small deep punctures in anterior half; tegula smooth and shiny with very sparse micropunctures; sides of mesosoma shinier than dorsal face, dorsal plate of metaepisternum strongly striate, ventral plate of metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum with sparse series of small deep punctures separated by very shiny and smooth interspaces; dorsal faces of propodeum densely micropunctate anterolaterally and becoming smooth medially, with few scattered deep punctures; posterior depression of propodeum with few fine punctures. T 1 with some small but coarse punctures on basal stalk, apical expanded part sparsely micropunctate with very sparse small punctures separated by interspaces as wide as several puncture diameters, thickened apical margin impunctate; T 2 densely micropunctate, punctures oblique and very shallow, weakly visible, much sparser basally and progressively becoming denser apically, preapical area of T 2 impunctate except for a series of small punctures bordering the apical lamella; T 3 – T 7 micropunctate, with micropunctures becoming progressively finer and sparser, T 3 with a preapical series of shallow punctures in the middle; S 1 strongly shiny, apical expanded part with sparse deep punctures; S 2 similar to T 2 but punctures sparser and slightly more evident; S 3 – S 6 similar to respective tergites but micropunctures slightly more impressed; S 7 shagreened and sparsely micropunctate. Head and mesosoma with dense and short brownish pubescence; frons, clypeus, pronotum, metanotum, mesepisternum and propodeum with sparse longer erect setae, those on mesepisternum apically bent; clypeus with dense and long silvery pubescence; metasoma with very short pubescence, becoming progressively longer and denser from S 3 to S 7, basal stalk of T 1 with sparse long setae. Bright to dark red; following parts black: inner margin of mandible, posterior margin of pronotum, metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum, posterior depression of propodeum, basal third of T 1 and S 1, coxae and most of femora; following parts ivory: clypeus except apical margin and central spot, interantennal space, anterior band on pronotum widening laterally and reaching posteroventral margin on humeral region, wide median band on scutellum, narrow apical margin of T 1, T 2 and S 2; T 3 – T 7 and S 3 – S 7 ferruginous-orange. Wings fusco-hyaline with brown tinge becoming stronger on costal margin. Female. Differing from the male as follows: free apical part of clypeus almost as long as interocular part, medially projecting in a narrow and weakly emarginate apical margin; T 1 more elongate and with proportionally longer basal stalk; clypeus with a red longitudinal band running from basal to apical margin. Variability. The male paratype from Vohiparara (CASENT 2053890) has a rounded yellowish spot at the bottom of the ocular sinus. The male paratype from Belle Vue at Talatakely (CASENT 2046468) has a generally darker pattern with more extended black parts and a more extended median marking on clypeus, starting from the basal margin and apically connected to a red band along the apical margin of the clypeus, dividing the ivory clypeal pattern in two lateral bands. The male paratype from Belle Vue Trail (CASENT 3003727) and the female paratype from Fanovana (AMNH _ IZC 00418849) have a much more extensive and brighter red background color and the pale markings are yellow instead of ivory. The four available males show some morphological variation in length and thickness of F 11, convexity of scutellum, length of the basal stalk of T 1, thickness of apical part of aedeagus and sharpness of ventral lobes of aedeagus; the different development of the above-mentioned characters occurs randomly in the various specimens and is in line with the variability observed in other species of Cyrteumenes, for which reason the four specimens are considered here as conspecific.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC4FFD0FF0AFD800122C01E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa, Toamasina (Fig. 63 E).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC4FFD0FF0AFD800122C01E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is a combination of the Latin words laevis (= smooth) and frons (= forehead), in reference to the sparsely punctate frons of this species.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC2FFD2FF0AF99400E1C79E.taxon	description	(Figs 20 A, 63 F)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC2FFD2FF0AF99400E1C79E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo *, Fianarantsoa (Borsato 1999) (Fig. 63 F). Notes. Borsato (1999) described Cyrteumenes mochii based on a pair from Ambositra, mainly comparing it with C. seyrigi and secondarily with C. floricola. The Malagasy material collected by A. Mochi on which Borsato based his note is reported as preserved in MRSN and the museum’s loan records also report the material as having been returned in 1997, however none of the specimens were found during a recent search in the Hymenoptera collections (M. Ruzzon, personal communication), making the circumstances of the said material unknown. Given this premise, it was not possible to study the typical series of Cyrteumenes mochii, however, comparison of its description with the available material of Cyrteumenes has allowed association of this name with certainty to a single morphospecies, without the possibility of confusion with the others.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC0FFCCFF0AFE140004C7C6.taxon	description	(Figs 20 B – D, 63 G)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC0FFCCFF0AFE140004C7C6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cyrteumenes propodealis sp. nov. belongs to the group of species with globular mesosoma, elongate T 1 and sparsely punctate metasoma, where it comes close to C. mochii Borsato due to the densely punctate frons with narrow ridged interspaces. Cyrteumenes propodealis sp. nov. is readily distinguished by the dorsal faces of the propodeum that meet medially forming a sloping surface that separates the metanotum from the posterior depression of propodeum (Fig. 20 D), and the pale band on pronotum that is strongly widened on humeri and fills the whole humeral region (Figs 20 B, C).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC0FFCCFF0AFE140004C7C6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2046337 // MADAGASCAR: Prov. / Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana / Vohiparara, at broken bridge / 1110 m, 21 – 28 Jan 2002 / 21 ° 13.57 ' S 47 ° 22.19 ' E / R. Harin’Hala col. // CASLOT 011136 / malaise in high alt. rain / forest AM- 02 - 09 A- 13 // Cyrteumenes propodealis / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2025 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21745). PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 14 – 21. I. 2002, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2053888); same locality as holotype, 15 – 25. VII. 2002, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2053889); Fianarantsoa, Parc National Ranomafana, radio tower at forest edge, 21.250833 S 47.407167 E, 1130 m, 22 – 28. XI. 2001, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 2177617, CASENT 2177643); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, radio tower at forest edge, 21.250833 S 47.407167 E, 1130 m, 4 – 12. II. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (MSVI, code CASENT 2046459); Fianarantsoa, Parc National Ranomafana, radio tower at forest edge, 21.250833 S 47.407167 E, 1130 m, 23. VIII – 7. IX. 2006, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105901); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21.2665 S 47.420167 E, 1020 m, 22 – 28. XI. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046467); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21.2665 S 47.420167 E, 1020 m, 14 – 24. VII. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2153826); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21.2665 S 47.420167 E, 1020 m, 16 – 26. II. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2046446); Fianarantsoa, Parc Nacional Ranomafana, Bell Vue Trail, 21.26 S 47.426667 E, 1000 m, 21. XII. 1999, leg. M. E. Irwin & E. I. Schlinger, 3 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 3003725, CASENT 3003726; MSVI, code CASENT 3003724); Toamagina, Parc Nacional Andasibe (Perinet), 19 km E Moramanga, 1000 m, 24. XII. 1999, leg. E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin & H. G. Rasolondalao, 1 ♂ (CAS; code CASENT 3003735).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC0FFCCFF0AFE140004C7C6.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype (Fig. 20 C). Body length 6.5 mm; fore wing length 6.0 mm. Head 1.3 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1 × as wide as long, free apical part much shorter than interocular part, apical margin narrowly emarginate and 0.2 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth short and subtriangular with bluntly pointed apex, lateral margins of free apical part shortly lamellate in basal half; clypeus in lateral view very weakly convex. Vertex 1.45 × as long as ocellocular distance, very weakly convex and sloping posteriorly. Gena 0.7 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, gena in dorsal view shallowly bulging behind eye and then strongly converging posteriorly; occipital carina complete, fine and sharp, strongly bent in lower half. F 1 1.8 × as long as wide and 1.25 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 4 longer than wide and becoming progressively shorter, F 5 – F 8 wider than long, F 9 longer than wide, F 11 long and thin, straight and needle-like, apex sharply pointed and barely exceeding middle of F 9; F 9 with tyloid as a subtriangular and shiny flattened area on which F 11 lies at rest. Mesosoma 1.3 × as long as wide, more or less globular and dorsally convex in lateral view. Pronotum with nearly straight and anteriorly converging sides, humeri obtuse in dorsal view and bluntly bent in anterior view; pronotal carina complete, very shortly lamellate on dorsal face and becoming higher from middle to humeri, very fine and almost evanescent below humeri, blunter on lateral faces; pretegular carina absent; lateral faces of propodeum shallowly depressed and bluntly separated from dorsal face. Scutellum wider than long, convex and with a shallow transverse bulge in the middle, anterior margin narrowly furrowed and with a shallow depression in the middle; axillary fossa small and rounded, slightly smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum nearly vertical, flattened except for a shallow median bulge on anterior margin. Tegula weakly campanulate and about as long as wide, with outer margin weakly bent in anterior half, posterior lobe short and wide with bluntly pointed apex equaling parategula; parategula scythe-shaped, flattened laterolaterally and with sharply pointed apex. Mesepisternum evenly convex with shallow but distinct sulci; epicnemial carina completely absent. Propodeum short and nearly vertical, in lateral view with a basal sloping part and then vertically falling; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly sloping and convex, broadly meeting medially and forming a sloping and medially furrowed surface behind metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, not distinctly separated from dorsal faces; posterior face of propodeum forming a semi-elliptical and deep depression, bearing a median carina at bottom; submarginal carina of propodeum strongly developed in a large subtriangular and narrowly rounded apex. T 1 elongate pyriform, 1.9 × as long as apically wide, basal fourth forming a short stalk with diverging sides smoothly passing into the apical expanded part, basal stalk transversely carinate dorsally; T 1 in lateral view abruptly raised and tuberculate on basal stalk, then evenly and strongly convex except for shallow preapical furrow and thickened apical margin. T 2 about as long as wide, constricted basally and much wider apically than basally, sides strongly convex; apical margin of T 2 with a brownish translucent lamella very shallowly separated from rest of surface by a series of small dense punctures. S 1 elongate bell-shaped, with a very narrow and apically constricted basal stalk and a sub-triangularly expanded posterior part with shallowly tuberculate posterior angles. S 2 in lateral view obliquely sloping and flattened basally and then horizontal and weakly convex, the two surfaces bluntly and very weakly separated by a shallow fold of the surface; apical margin of S 2 lamellate similar to T 2, but lamella slightly shorter and more markedly separated from sternite. S 7 flattened with evenly rounded apex. Frons with deep punctures separated by raised interspaces mostly narrower than half puncture diameter, punctures becoming slightly sparser on vertex; gena with punctures separated by interspaces exceeding one puncture diameter; clypeus micropunctate and matte, with macropunctures deep and denser (interspaces about equal to puncture diameter) basally and becoming shallower and sparser apically. Mesosoma punctate similar to frons but punctures larger; pronotum with punctures arranged in longitudinal series, interspaces very narrow and sparsely micropunctate; anterior face of pronotum with few punctures on extreme sides; mesoscutum with punctures denser anterolaterally and becoming sparser posteromedially, with interspaces reaching one puncture diameter posteriorly; scutellum more sparsely punctate than mesoscutum, except for a band of denser punctures posteriorly; metanotum with small deep punctures separated by about their diameter; tegula densely micropunctate and very finely microstriate, weakly shiny; mesepisternum punctate similar to posterior half of mesoscutum, punctures becoming sparser ventrally; lateral faces of propodeum with small deep punctures posterodorsally, rest of surface mostly impunctate and very shallowly microstriate; dorsal faces of propodeum densely micropunctate laterally and becoming smooth and shinier medially, with sparse deep macropunctures becoming denser laterally; posterior depression of propodeum transversely striate medially, laterally smooth with sparse deep punctures. T 1 with some small but coarse punctures on basal stalk, apical expanded part sparsely micropunctate with small punctures separated by interspaces reaching up to three puncture diameters in width, thickened apical margin impunctate; T 2 densely micropunctate, punctures oblique and small, much sparser basally and progressively becoming denser apically, interspaces always wider than puncture diameter, preapical area of T 2 impunctate except for a series of small punctures bordering the apical lamella; T 3 – T 7 micropunctate, with micropunctures becoming progressively finer and sparser, T 3 with a sparse preapical series of shallow punctures in the middle; S 1 strongly shiny, apical expanded part with sparse deep punctures; S 2 similar to T 2 but punctures much sparser and slightly deeper; S 3 – S 6 similar to respective tergites but micropunctures slightly more impressed; S 7 shagreened and sparsely micropunctate. Head and mesosoma with dense and short brownish pubescence; frons, clypeus, pronotum, metanotum, mesepisternum and propodeum with sparse long erect setae, partly apically bent; clypeus with dense silvery pubescence; metasoma with very short pubescence, becoming progressively longer and denser from S 3 to S 7, basal stalk of T 1 with sparse long setae. Black; following parts red to dark-red: head except inner margin of mandible and irregular markings on frons, most of scape, pronotum, irregular markings on mesoscutum, scutellum except posterior margin, most of metanotum, tegula, most of mesepisternum, most of dorsal faces of propodeum, tibiae and tarsi, apical expanded part of T 1 and S 1, sides and apex of T 2, S 2 except suffused basal spots; following parts ivory: interantennal space, anterior band on pronotum widening laterally and reaching posteroventral margin on humeral region, narrow and medially interrupted band on scutellum, narrow apical margin of T 1, T 2 and S 2; T 3 – T 7 and S 3 – S 7 ferruginous-orange. Wings fusco-hyaline with brown tinge becoming stronger on costal margin. Female. Differing from the male as follows: free apical part of clypeus almost as long as interocular part, medially projecting in a narrow and barely emarginate apical margin; T 1 more elongate and with proportionally longer basal stalk; clypeus with a longitudinal and medially widened red band and lateral arcuated yellowish lines. Variability. The examined male paratypes show the following variation in pattern: clypeus entirely red or with a variable apical band, pale bands on pronotum and scutellum broader, mesepisternum with a small pale spot at upper end, pale markings ivory to bright yellow. The length and thickness of T 1 is highly variable, ranging from 1.9 to 2.2 × as long as apically wide.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC0FFCCFF0AFE140004C7C6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa, Toamasina (Fig. 63 G).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFC0FFCCFF0AFE140004C7C6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet refers to the more dorsally swollen propodeum that distinguishes this species from the similar Cyrteumenes mochii.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFDEFFC9FF0AFDD207A7C456.taxon	description	(Figs 21, 63 H)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFDEFFC9FF0AFDD207A7C456.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. NEOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ COLL. MUS. CONGO / Madagascar: Rogez /// III- 1944 / A. Seyrig // Labus seyrigi / Giordani Soika, 1934 / NEOTYPUS ♂ / Marco Selis des. 2025 [red label] // Cyrteumenes seyrigi / (Giordani Soika, 1934) / Det. Marco Selis 2025 ” (MSNVE).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFDEFFC9FF0AFDD207A7C456.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toamasina (Giordani Soika 1934 b, 1973, 1991 a; Madl 1995) (Fig. 63 H). Notes. Giordani Soika (1934 b) described Labus seyrigi based on two males collected by A. Seyrig in Rogez, reporting the holotype to be in his own collection, now housed in MSNVE (Dal Pos et al. 2022), and the paratype in MNHN. However, the search in both collections did not lead to any results and the types are therefore to be considered lost, as is the case for numerous Malagasy species described by Giordani Soika during the period 1934 – 1941 (Dal Pos et al. 2022: 9). A pair of this species is preserved in the Giordani Soika collection in MSNVE (erroneously reported as two females by Dal Pos et al. 2022), with the male from the type locality and the female carrying an identification label reading “ seyrigi ” handwritten by Giordani Soika. Given the difficulties in delimiting the species of Cyrteumenes, the male specimen (Figs 21 B, C), coming from the type locality and largely coinciding with the original description except for the entirely yellow clypeus (Fig. 21 D), is designated as the neotype to ensure a reference standard for this species (Figs 21 B – E). The convexity of the scutellum, reported as diagnostic by Giordani Soika (1934 b) and then illustrated by Borsato (1999) proved to be highly variable both in Cyrteumenes seyrigi and in other species of the genus, ranging from flat to convex in specimens otherwise identical in external morphology and male genitalia.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFDBFFC9FF0AFD5C0754C5DF.taxon	description	(Figs 22, 63 I)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFDBFFC9FF0AFD5C0754C5DF.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. NEOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ Bekily / II- 37 // PARATYPUS / Cyrtolabulus / sollicitus // [QR code] / AMNG _ IZC 00418850 // Labus bekilyensis / Giordani Soika, 1941 / NEOTYPE / Des. Marco Selis 2023 ” (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC 00418850).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFDBFFC9FF0AFD5C0754C5DF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Giordani Soika 1941; Gusenleitner 2004, 2005; Selis 2024) (Fig. 63 I).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFDBFFCAFF0AF9000708C302.taxon	description	(Figs 23, 63 J)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFDBFFCAFF0AF9000708C302.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cyrtolabulus emirufus sp. nov. belongs to the group of Malagasy species with T 2 and S 2 of equal length and with propodeum forming a horizontal surface behind metanotum. Within this group, the sharply margined horizontal surface of propodeum (Fig. 23 D) and the strongly developed inferior carina of propodeum fused with submarginal carina (Fig. 23 E) place C. emirufus sp. nov. close to C. scrobalis Selis. The new species is readily distinguished by the bluntly margined basal part of clypeus (Fig. 23 C), the absence of a basal carina on T 1, and the almost entirely pigmented lamella of T 2 preceded by a shallow thickening of the tergite (Fig. 23 F). The black and orange-red pattern (Figs 23 A, B) immediately distinguishes C. emirufus sp. nov. from all other Malagasy species of Cyrtolabulus.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFDBFFCAFF0AF9000708C302.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2046279 // MADAGASCAR: Majunga / Ambovomamy Belambo / 20 km NW of Port Berger / 3 – 10 March 2007 / 15 ° 27.07 ' S, 47 ° 36.80 ' E / California Acad of Sciences // coll: R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin, / F. Parker, malaise second- / ary growth on white sand / elev 33 m MG- 33 - 11 // Cyrtolabulus emirufus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21746). PARATYPES: Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319333 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 17 – 24. VIII. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153755).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFDBFFCAFF0AF9000708C302.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 23 B). Body length 6.0 mm; fore wing length 4.0 mm. Head 1.2 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.2 × as wide as long, free apical part about as long as interocular part, apical margin shallowly emarginate and narrow, 0.17 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth obtuse and short; clypeus in lateral view bulging in basal half, then shallowly depressed apically; basal part of clypeus abruptly raised in median three-fifths and laterally margined by blunt ridges delimiting flattened surfaces on which the scape is housed at rest. Vertex 1.45 × as long as ocellocular distance, flattened and evenly sloping, so that occipital carina is placed below the upper limit of eye. Gena 0.7 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, with a strong and irregular median carina running parallel to the outer eye margin, area posterior of carina depressed and strongly crenate, gena in dorsal view strongly sinuate and acutely produced at mid-length; occipital carina complete, shallower and sharper on vertex, becoming much higher and blunter on gena, bisinuate on gena. F 1 1.05 × as long as wide and 1.1 × as long as F 2, F 2 subquadrate and F 3 – F 9 transverse, becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.6 × as long as wide, elongate. Pronotum with straight and subparallel sides, humeri forming short laterally produced points; pronotal carina weakly developed only on lateral fifths of dorsal face, completely absent medially and interrupted below humeri, strong but blunt on lateral faces; pretegular carina present and complete, even if narrow and blunt; dorsal faces of pronotum smoothly passing medially into oblique anterior face, laterally clearly separated from lateral faces but without humeral carina. Mesoscutum longer than wide, with shallow notauli in front of scutellum. Scutellum wider than long, flattened on disc but depressed along posterior margin, anterior margin crenate; axillary fossa small and rounded, smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum short and weakly sloping, with a sharp transverse carina adjacent to the anterior margin and not delimiting a distinct anterior face, carina laterally raised in obtuse and apically rounded lobes. Tegula large and about as long as wide with strongly rounded outer margin, nearly circular, posterior lobe broadly rounded and widely exceeding parategula, its apex right-angled and touching apex of parategula; parategula strongly curved and latero-laterally compressed with concave inner face, appearing scythe-shaped with pointed apex in dorsal view. Mesepisternum with a short stretch of strong but blunt epicnemial carina below pleural suture, posteriorly with a short and sharp vertical carina originating from the produced apex of the epimeron. Propodeum elongate and with a propodeal shelf behind metanotum, shelf longer than metanotum but shorter than scutellum, in lateral view forming a flattened surface; dorsal faces of propodeum somewhat flattened and sloping mediolaterally; lateral faces of propodeum flattened and separated from dorsal faces, but lateral carinae very weak and visible for a short median stretch only; posterior face of propodeum forming a large and deep depression, subtrapezoidal in posterior view, ventromedially with a deep circular pit, posterior face dorsolaterally margined by an irregular lamellate carina that is reduced only in the middle of the propodeal shelf; submarginal carina of propodeum strongly developed and lamellar, dorsally fused with the inferior carina bordering the posterior face of propodeum, forming a dorsally reflexed point where the carinae meet; propodeal valvula largely not fused with submarginal carina but placed on a more medial plane, so that in lateral view it appears largely covered by the lamellate submarginal carina. T 1 subcylindrical, in dorsal view with weakly diverging sides and anteriorly truncate, 1.9 × as long as apically wide; T 1 in lateral view abruptly raising basally and then weakly and evenly convex to apex, except for very shallow preapical depression, apical margin shallowly thickened. T 2 about as long wide, constricted basally and much wider apically than basally; apical margin of T 2 shortly lamellate (lamella not strongly evident as it is pigmented like the preapical area), preceded by a weak thickening of the tergite. T 3 – T 4 with a wide translucent apical area. Sides of T 1 meeting on ventral face of segment, so that S 1 is reduced to a subtriangular sclerite covering slightly less than the apical half of the segment; surface of S 1 with three ridges running from base to apex, one longitudinal on mid-line and two diverging from base and reaching the apical angles of the sternite. S 2 longitudinally depressed on the basal sloping part; S 2 in lateral view evenly convex from base to apex, less convex than T 2; apical margin of S 2 lamellate like on T 2, but preapical thickening barely developed. Frons with deep punctures separated by narrow convex interspaces, punctures becoming larger and shallower posteriorly on vertex; gena punctate in front of vertical carina, irregularly punctate and crenate behind it; clypeus with deep large punctures in basal bulging part, nearly impunctate in apical concave part. Mesosoma sculpted similar to frons but punctures much larger; anterior face of pronotum with smaller punctures disposed in radiated series except for two ventral smooth areas; lateral faces of pronotum sparsely punctate with few short striae on lower end; metanotum with smaller and denser punctures; tegula shiny and sparsely micropunctate, with few fine macropunctures intermixed; mesepisternum with interspaces becoming wider and flat ventrally; dorsal faces of propodeum with large flat-bottomed polygonal cells, separated by sharp ridge-like interspaces, only laterally with some flattened interspaces; lateral faces of propodeum finely and irregularly microstriate, with few scattered shallow and flat-bottomed punctures; posterior face of propodeum shiny with very shallow and sparse punctures, highly variable in size. T 1 with deep oblique punctures, larger and denser basally and becoming smaller and sparser apically, basal sloping part and thickened apical margin impunctate; T 2 with much smaller deep punctures separated by 0.5 – 2 × their diameters, interspaces with distinct and dense micropunctures, base of apical lamella margined by a series of very coarse punctures separated by sharp ridge-like interspaces; T 3 with a series of coarse punctures margining the apical translucent area; T 4 with a group of punctures margining the translucent area similar to T 3, but punctures very shallow, nearly indistinct; T 5 – T 6 finely shagreened; S 1 shiny with few deep punctures in the depressed parts; S 2 with shallow oblique punctures, interspaces micropunctate similar to T 2 and about as wide as one puncture diameter, punctures much sparser on basal sloping part; S 3 – S 6 similar to respective tergites but sculpture much finer. Head and mesosoma with sparse appressed pubescence and erect short setae, pubescence denser and silvery on clypeus, gena and mesepisternum; propodeum with longer setae posterolaterally; metasoma with suberect dense pubescence, longer on T 1 and progressively shorter on following segments, oblique setae on S 2 and at apex of T 3 – T 5 and S 3 – S 6, longer on sternites. Black; following parts orange-red: clypeus except narrow apical margin, mandible except inner margin, scape, ventral face of flagellum, pronotum except most of anterior face and large subquadrate posterolateral spots on dorsal face, posterior half of scutellum, metanotum, tegula, small spot on mesepisternum below tegula, most of propodeum except anterior half of lateral faces and part of posterior face, metasoma (except where yellow) and legs; following parts bright-yellow: thickened apical margin of T 1, regular band covering preapical thickening and apical lamella of T 2 and S 2, irregular suffusion in middle of T 3. Wings fusco-hyaline with dark-gray tinge becoming black on costal margin, costal area with bright purple reflections. Male. Unknown.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFDBFFCAFF0AF9000708C302.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga (Fig. 63 J).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFDBFFCAFF0AF9000708C302.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is the combination of the Greek prefix hemi- (= half) and the Latin adjective rufus, - a, - um (= red), in reference to the distinctive half orange-red and half black pattern of this species.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD8FFC4FF0AFA690029C7BA.taxon	description	(Figs 24, 63 K)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD8FFC4FF0AFA690029C7BA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ MADAGASKAR / Prov. Mahajanga / Katsepy / 30. 5. – 3. 6. 1995 MADL // Cyrtolabulus / sollicitus (G. S.) ♀ / J. Gusenleitner, det. 1995 // Cyrtolabulus flavorufus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis [red label] // NHMW ” (NHMW).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD8FFC4FF0AFA690029C7BA.taxon	description	Description of male (hitherto unknown). Habitus in Fig. 24 B. Differing from the female as follows: clypeus with slightly narrower apical margin and with denser silvery pubescence, flagellum subclavate with F 7 – F 9 expanded, F 11 subconical but laterolaterally compressed in ventral half, robust and with pointed apex not reaching basal margin of F 9 (Fig. 24 C), mid-femur with a basal semicircular excision followed by a sharp subtriangular lobe covered in dense silvery pubescence (Fig. 24 D). Variability. The examined specimens show some variability in pattern, with the background color ranging from black with dark red markings to entirely bright orangish-red, and the yellow markings described for the holotype (Selis 2024) varying in extension.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD8FFC4FF0AFA690029C7BA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana *, Mahajanga, Toliara * (Selis 2024) (Fig. 63 K). Notes. Three specimens (Fig. 24 E) from the northernmost point of Madagascar (CASENT 2118484, CASENT 2118495, CASENT 2118536) show some differences from the other examined specimens, such as the generally smaller and sparser punctures, much thinner F 11 of male (Fig. 24 F), mid femur of male not modified (Fig. 24 G), and less developed apical spine of the ventral lobes of aedeagus. Given the evident differences in F 11 and mid femur of the male, it could be a distinct and undescribed species, but given the availability of only three specimens, of which only one is male, no taxonomic action is being undertaken now, also considering the very subtle differences in the genitalia.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD6FFC4FF0AFE310361C4D5.taxon	description	(Figs 25 A, 63 L)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD6FFC4FF0AFE310361C4D5.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo *, Fianarantsoa *, Mahajanga *, Toliara (Gusenleitner 1998, 2004; Selis 2024) (Fig. 63 L).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD6FFC1FF0AFCDC0187C292.taxon	description	(Figs 25 B – D, 63 M)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD6FFC1FF0AFCDC0187C292.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cyrtolabulus nivosus sp. nov. belongs to the group of Malagasy Cyrtolabulus presenting S 2 much longer than T 2 and broadly rounded apical margin of T 3, and within this group it is similar to Cyrtolabulus madli Gusenleitner due to largely absent pronotal carina, small tegula without expanded posterior lobe, broadened and subtriangular tegula, vertical propodeum without a dorsal face, strongly convex dorsal surface of T 1, and T 2 with a V-shaped depression. The two species are, however, easily distinguished, as C. nivosus sp. nov. presents the following characters: parategula forming a quarter of circle and apically right-angled (Fig. 25 D), shorter (1.35 × in ♂ and 1.45 – 1.55 × in ♀) and more sparsely punctate T 1 (Fig. 25 C), T 2 wider than long and with sparsely punctate basal sloping part (Fig. 25 B), much denser and brighter pubescence that is strongly silvery on sides of head and mesosoma (Fig. 25 C), male F 11 short and conical and reaching middle of F 9 (Fig. 25 B), and female clypeus shallowly emarginate at apex and with sparse shallow punctures (Fig. 25 B).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD6FFC1FF0AFCDC0187C292.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2174874 // MADAGASCAR: Tulear / Tsimanampetsotsa National / Park, Mitoho Forest plateau / 24 – 29 October 2008 / 24 ° 2.91 ' S 43 ° 45.14 ' E // Calif. Acad. of Sciences / coll: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala / malaise, dense dry forest / elev 150 m MG- 53 A- 01 // Cyrtolabulus nivosus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21747). PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 4 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2174861, CASENT 2174879; MSVI, codes CASENT 2174865, CASENT 2174878); same locality as holotype, 23 – 31. I. 2009, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174869); same locality as holotype, 18. II – 11. III. 2009, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174945); Tulear, Ankazomena, 8 km N of Ambohimahavelona village, 23.430333 S 43.834145 E, 122 m, 21 – 31. X. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174885).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD6FFC1FF0AFCDC0187C292.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype (Fig. 25 C). Body length 5.5 mm; fore wing length 4.0 mm. Head 1.25 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.05 × as wide as long, free apical part slightly shorter than interocular part, apical margin shallowly emarginate and narrow, 0.2 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth obtuse and subtriangular with bluntly pointed apex; clypeus in lateral view weakly and evenly convex. Interantennal space with a sharp longitudinal carina originating near upper limit and extending on frons, almost reaching level of upper limit of ocular sinus. Vertex 1.7 × as long as ocellocular distance, flattened and evenly sloping, so that occipital carina is placed below the upper limit of eye. Gena 0.7 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina sharp and shortly lamellate, higher on vertex and gena, much finer on transition between the two parts, bluntly and shallowly bent on ventral half. F 1 1.15 × as long as wide and 0.9 × as long as F 2, F 2 slightly longer than wide, F 3 and F 9 subquadrate, F 4 – F 8 transverse; F 11 subconical and small, weakly curved in lateral view and with pointed apex not reaching base of F 9, ventral face of F 9 with a shallow subtriangular depression. Mesosoma 1.5 × as long as wide, with subparallel sides. Pronotum with straight and weakly converging sides, very weakly sinuate behind humeri, which are right angled and barely projecting; pronotal carina shortly developed only on humeri and near ventral corner of lateral faces, shortly lamellate and right-angled on humeri; pretegular carina absent; dorsal faces of pronotum clearly separated from anterior face despite absence of pronotal carina. Scutellum wider than long, weakly but distinctly convex in lateral view, posterior margin placed below level of anterior margin; axillary fossa small and rounded, smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum strongly sloping, nearly vertical and divided into two faces by a transverse carina; anterior face nearly vertical and very short in the middle, posterior face sloping and subrectangular, somewhat depressed in the middle; transverse carina straight in the middle and then raised in two rounded lobes at sides. Tegula small, about as long as wide, outer margin evenly curved except short straight portion at anterior end, posterior lobe short and wide, apically right-angled and equaling parategula; parategula wide and flattened, anterior margin evenly curved and meeting at a right-angle the transverse posterior margin, therefore appearing as a quarter of circle. Mesepisternum evenly convex and anteriorly abruptly separated from epicnemium, but lacking epicnemial carina, posteriorly with a short and sharp carina originating from ventral apex of epimeron, which is flattened and not clearly separated from mesepisternum. Propodeum short and falling vertically from posterior margin of metanotum, in lateral view appearing weakly and evenly convex; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly sloping, weakly and evenly convex, not touching each other behind metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum flattened except for shallow depression above submarginal carina, clearly separated from dorsal faces but lateral carinae barely indicated; posterior face of propodeum forming a semi-elliptical depression, shallow above and becoming deeper ventrally, with two deep pits separated by a sharp longitudinal carina at lower end, smoothly passing into dorsal faces on sides; submarginal carina of propodeum developed in a short and subtriangular translucent lamella above each valvula, lamella directed vertically and compressed laterolaterally; propodeal valvula largely not fused with submarginal carina, subtrapezoidal and sloping mediolaterally. T 1 semielliptical in dorsal view, with convex and posteriorly diverging sides, 1.35 × as long as apically wide; T 1 in lateral view domed, strongly and evenly convex except for shallow and wide preapical furrow and weakly thickened apical margin. T 2 wider than long, constricted basally and much wider apically than basally, with a wide and very shallow broad-V-shaped depression, more evident in lateral view; apical margin of T 2 lamellate and preceded by a distinct thickening of the tergite. T 3 large and broadly rounded, preapically thickened similar to T 2 and apically with a lamellar margin widened in the middle and shortened on sides. S 1 with a short parallel-sided basal stalk and with a large subtriangular expanded area covering most of the ventral surface of the tergite, with blunt and shallow ridges running parallel to the lateral margins. S 2 enlarged and with broadly rounded posterior margin, obliquely cut-off in lateral view and much longer than S 2, its apex equaling apex of T 3 and forming with it a clam-like structure containing the following segments; apical margin of S 2 lamellate like on T 2, but preapical thickening barely indicated; S 2 in lateral view weakly sloping basally, then weakly and evenly convex to apex. T 4 – T 7 and S 3 – S 7 much less sclerotized than preceding segments, somewhat soft. Frons with small deep punctures, sparser ventrally and becoming denser dorsally, interspace micropunctate and on disc as wide as puncture diameter; vertex punctate similar to frons but interspaces wider and very shiny; gena with punctures becoming progressively sparser ventrally; clypeus with very sparse small and barely visible punctures. Mesosoma with punctures similar to frons but larger; dorsal faces of pronotum with interspaces densely micropunctate and about as wide as puncture diameter, anterior face with slightly smaller punctures and smooth shiny interspaces, lateral faces with much sparser small punctures; mesoscutum with irregular interspaces, 0.5 – 2.0 × as wide as puncture diameter and more shiny than on pronotum, parategula smooth with sparse fine punctures; scutellum similar to mesoscutum but punctures slightly smaller; metanotum almost entirely smooth and shiny, with few fine punctures on posterior face; tegula shiny, smooth on disc and irregularly microsculpted laterally; mesepisternum with very sparse fine punctures barely visible due to dense pubescence; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly shiny with dense very fine micropunctures, few small deep punctures present only along outer margin, disc entirely impunctate; lateral faces of propodeum with deep small punctures, separated by about their diameter; posterior face of propodeum strongly shiny with sparse deep punctures. T 1 largely impunctate and smooth on basal sloping part, then densely micropunctate and with small deep punctures separated by about their diameter, sides much more densely micropunctate and barely punctate, preapical furrow with sparse and shallow small punctures; basal sloping part of T 2 densely micropunctate and with few very fine punctures, disc of T 2 with small deep punctures with interspaces 1.0 – 3.0 × as wide as punctures diameter, punctures becoming larger on sides, preapical thickening largely impunctate and followed by a series of larger punctures bordering the base of the apical lamella; T 3 with smaller and sparser punctures than T 2, larger on disc and gradually becoming much finer laterally, disappearing before reaching lateral margins, preapical thickening followed by a series of larger punctures similar to T 2, but punctures more irregularly arranged; S 1 with small deep punctures, interspaces as wide as several puncture diameters and sparsely micropunctate, shiny; S 2 shiny and sparsely micropunctate, macropunctures finer and sparser basally and on disc, becoming larger and denser on basal corners and apically, generally punctures smaller on black anchor-shaped marking and larger on pale markings, shallow preapical thickening impunctate and followed by an irregular series of larger punctures bordering the apical lamella; T 4 – T 7 and S 3 – S 7 densely shagreened and matte. Densely pubescent; pubescence on head and mesosoma white with very pale golden reflections on dorsal face, becoming silvery on sides and ventrally, much longer and denser on face, gena, mesepisternum and propodeum where it almost completely hides the underlying surface; dense short erect setae on head and mesosoma, sparser and shorter on clypeus; T 1 with very dense pale long pubescence, denser on sides; rest of metasoma with dust-like grayish pubescence, some very sparse and short oblique setae on S 2. Black; following parts red: narrow band along posterior margin of pronotum, posterior margin of scutellum, T 1 except basal black spot, lunate marking at apex of S 1, and suffused dark spots along apical band of T 2; following parts ivory-yellow: clypeus except narrow apical margin, mandible except teeth, lower face of scape, regular anterior band on pronotum excised in the middle, posterior angles of scutellum, most of metanotum, suffused inner margin on tegula, parategula, large circular spot on mesepisternum below tegula, spots on apical corners of propodeum, narrow apical band on T 1, lateral oblique spots and narrow apical band on T 2, apical band on T 3 narrowing laterally, large lateral spots and three times widened apical band on S 2 leaving a narrow anchor-shaped black marking in the middle, ventral face of all coxae, outer face of fore and mid legs, small and irregular apical spot on hind femur, line on outer face of hind tibia originating from base but not reaching apex. Wings hyaline with weak brownish tinge along costal margin. Female. Differing from male as follows: apical margin of clypeus slightly wider and with more acute apical teeth, T 1 longer, 1.45 – 1.55 × as long as apically wide, and less densely punctate. Variability. The female paratypes show some very subtle variations in the extension of the pale markings on metasoma, especially on S 2 they can be smaller leaving a thicker black anchor-shaped marking or largely fused and reducing the black marking to some irregular spots.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD6FFC1FF0AFCDC0187C292.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 63 M).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD6FFC1FF0AFCDC0187C292.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective nivosus, - a, - um (= snowy, covered in snow), in reference to the bright and dense pubescence covering the sides of the mesosoma.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD3FFC2FF0AFB1903F9C1EE.taxon	description	(Figs 26, 63 N)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD3FFC2FF0AFB1903F9C1EE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cyrtolabulus oblongus sp. nov. belongs to the group of Malagasy Cyrtolabulus with S 2 as long as T 2 and propodeum without a horizontal face behind metanotum. It can be easily distinguished from all other species of this group, and in fact from most species of Cyrtolabulus, by elongate and subcylindrical mesosoma (Figs 26 A, B), tegula with subtriangular posterior lobe and angled outer margin, subtriangular and wide parategula (Fig. 26 C), subtriangular S 1 with sides evenly diverging from base to apex, and long and translucent apical lamella of T 2 with large pigmented basal digitations (Fig. 26 F). The elongated habitus and general appearance could cause confusion with the genus Eumenidiopsis, represented in Madagascar by the sole species Eumenidiopsis pyriformis sp. nov., however the two genera differ profoundly in the morphology of head, clypeus, and mandibles, as already illustrated in the key to the genera. The two species further differ in numerous other characters, such as the morphology of pronotum, parategula, metanotum, propodeum, and T 1.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD3FFC2FF0AFB1903F9C1EE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2046420 // MADAGASCAR: Mahajanga / Prov. NP d’Ankarafantsika / Ampijoroa Sta. For. 40 km 306 ° / NW Andranofasika, 130 m / 16 ° 19 ' 15 " S 40 ° 48 ' 38 " E / 26 Mar – 1 Apr 2001, col. / Fisher, Griswold et al. // CASLOT 011068 / malaise in tropical dry / forest BLF 3520 // Cyrtolabulus oblongus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21748). PARATYPES: Mahajanga, Foret Tsimembo 8.7 km 336 ° NNW Soatana, 19.021388 S 44.440523 E, 20 m, 21 – 25. XI. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2046325); Mahajanga, PN de Namoroka, 9.8 km 300 ° WNW Vilanandro, 16.466687 S 45.349978 E, 140 m, 4 – 8. XI. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2146073); Mahajanga, PN Tsingy de Bemaraha, 2.5 km 62 ° ENE Bekopaka, Ankidrodroa River, 19.132232 S 44.814722 E, 100 m, 11 – 15. XI. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046352); Mahajanga, Sofia District, 45 km S Antsohihy, 5 km W of Anjiamangirana, 15.157510 S 47.734166 E, 97 m, 13 – 19. XII. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2118526; MSVI, code CASENT 2118524); Mahajanga, Sofia District, 45 km S Antsohihy, 5 km W of Anjiamangirana, 15.157510 S 47.734166 E, 97 m, 27. I – 2. II. 2011, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2118488); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197 S 47.613333 E, 33 m, 22 – 27. I. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin & F. Parker, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 8105803); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197 S 47.613333 E, 33 m, 13 – 15. XI. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin & F. Parker, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046252); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197 S 47.613333 E, 33 m, 23. XI – 8. XII. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin & F. Parker, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105934); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.133322 S 45.699989 E, 2 – 9. X. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2047013, CASENT 2047015); Majunga, Reserve forestière Beanka, 50.2 km E Maintirano, 18.026399 S 44.050555 E, 250 m, 19 – 26. X. 2009, leg. B. L. Fisher et al., 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2166021); Tulear, Zombitse NP, near ANGAP office, 22.886509 S 44.692166 E, 840 m, 9 – 19. XI. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2053929, CASENT 8600800); Tulear, Zombitse NP, near national road, 22.840490 S 44.731155 E, 825 m, 15. X – 9. XI. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (MSVI, code CASENT 2153886).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD3FFC2FF0AFB1903F9C1EE.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype (Fig. 26 B). Body length 5.5 mm; fore wing length 4.5 mm. Head 1.1 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.15 × as wide as long, free apical part much shorter than interocular part, apical margin shallowly emarginate and 0.25 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth wide and subtriangular with pointed apex; clypeus in lateral view weakly convex basally, then flattened to apex. Vertex 1.5 × as long as ocellocular distance, very weakly convex and weakly sloping, occipital carina placed about at same level of upper limit of eye. Gena 0.65 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, somewhat bulging in upper half; occipital carina complete and sharp, shortly lamellate on gena, subparallel to outer eye margin in upper half and then smoothly bent below. F 1 1.2 × as long as wide and 0.95 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 3 subquadrate, F 4 – F 8 transverse and becoming progressively wider, F 9 longer than wide; F 11 claw-shaped and thin, straight in dorsal view and weakly but clearly curved in lateral view, apex bluntly pointed and not reaching basal margin of F 9, which is ventrally furrowed to house F 11. Mesosoma 1.8 × as long as wide, elongate and subcylindrical with sides converging both anteriorly and posteriorly from level of tegula. Pronotum elongate with sinuate sides, weakly concave behind humeri, which are almost right-angled and slightly pointing out, distance between pronotal carina and mesoscutum on mid-line as long as vertex; pronotal carina complete, although very fine and almost disappearing in the median third, becoming higher laterally and forming a short translucent lamella on humeri, where it is sharply bent in a right angle, then disappearing below humeri; anterior face of pronotum completely separated from dorsal faces even in the middle where the carina fades; pretegular carina present only as a very blunt trace near posterolateral corners of pronotum, replaced by a deep semicircular depression bordering pronotal lobe. Scutellum subquadrate, only slightly wider than long and with concave sides, surface evenly flattened; axillary fossa small and rounded, smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum short and sloping, divided into two faces by a robust transverse carina which is strongly bilobate, the anterior face is nearly horizontal, and the posterior face is depressed and facing the propodeal cavity. Tegula small and about as long as wide, reaching its maximum width in anterior half, subcampanulate due to abruptly curved outer margin, posterior lobe broad and somewhat acute with rounded apex, equaling parategula; parategula beak-shaped with curved apex, surface mostly flattened. Mesepisternum with a short and indistinct stretch of epicnemial carina below pleural suture, sharply separating it from epicnemium, epimeron ventrally produced in a sharp but low point. Propodeum elongate and falling just behind metanotum, in lateral view convex above and shortly produced behind metanotum and then oblique, not forming a propodeal shelf; dorsal faces of propodeum weakly and evenly convex, sloping mediolaterally, sending a short point behind metanotum but non reaching contralateral; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, clearly separated from dorsal faces but without lateral carinae; posterior face of propodeum forming a large and deep subtriangular depression with convex sides, with a longitudinal furrow originating from posterior margin of metanotum, depression clearly delimited but transitions to dorsal faces evenly rounded and not sharp; submarginal carina of propodeum forming subtriangular laterolaterally compressed lamella projections, appearing subtriangular with rounded apex in lateral view, narrower and more pointed in dorsal view. T 1 elongate subconical in dorsal view, 1.4 × as long as apically wide, sides markedly diverging and anterior margin subtruncate, apical margin much wider than base of tergite; T 1 in lateral view strongly and evenly convex from base to apex, except for wide preapical furrow and thickened apical margin. T 2 longer than wide with subparallel sides, constricted basally and much wider apically than basally; apical margin of T 2 with a long translucent orange lamella, preceded by a thickening of the tergite that sends long and blunt digitations on the basal half of the lamella. T 3 lamellate similar to T 2, but lamella longer and basal digitations sharper and more irregular. S 1 subtriangular and covering most of the ventral surface of the segment, with only a very short basal stalk; sides markedly diverging from base to apex, separated from median shallowly depressed part by a pair of strong ridges that run subparallel to the lateral margins. S 2 in lateral view evenly convex from base to apex, less convex than T 2; apical margin of S 2 lamellate like on T 2, but lamella apically reflexed and basal digitations sharper and more irregular. S 7 with an apical broad and shallow incision laterally margined by pointed subtriangular lobes, lobes exceeding apical margin of T 7 and visible also from above. Frons with deep punctures separated by 0.5 – 1 × their diameters, interspaces flattened and shiny with sparse micropunctures, interspaces becoming wider and less micropunctate on vertex; gena with smaller and denser punctures above, becoming much sparsely punctate below; clypeus with small deep punctures separated by about their diameter, interspaces sparsely micropunctate. Mesosoma with large deep punctures and shiny interspaces; dorsal face of pronotum with very narrow interspaces; anterior face of pronotum with smaller sparse punctures; lateral faces of pronotum with punctures gradually disappearing ventrally; mesoscutum with punctures smaller than on pronotum, denser anteriorly and medially, becoming sparser posterolaterally where the interspaces are as wide as one puncture diameter and flattened; scutellum sculpted like posterior part of metanotum, but interspaces larger and posterior corners almost impunctate; metanotum with few small punctures near anterior margin; tegula shiny and sparsely micropunctate; mesepisternum sculpted similar to mesoscutum and scutellum, epimeron densely punctate; dorsal faces of propodeum with deep punctures slightly smaller than those on mesoscutum, punctures denser along margins but always clearly separated from each other and leaving some large impunctate areas on disc; lateral faces of propodeum with fine blunt striation arranged in an irregular pattern; posterior face of propodeum with sparse fine punctures and some transverse striae on mid-line. T 1 with deep punctures, interspaces sparsely micropunctate and shiny, mostly as wide as puncture diameter and becoming much wider on sides, basal sloping part and thickened apical margin impunctate; T 2 with punctures smaller and denser, interspaces more densely micropunctate, base of apical lamella margined by a series of large oblique punctures delimiting the pigmented digitations; T 3 coarsely punctate along base of apical lamella; T 4 – T 7 finely shagreened and matte; S 1 with deep punctures, larger basally and becoming progressively finer apically; S 2 punctate similar to T 2, but interspaces wider and more shiny, punctures bordering apical lamella much coarser; S 3 – S 7 finely shagreened and matte. Head and mesosoma with sparse short appressed setae, in addition to long erect setae on frons, vertex, pronotum and mesepisternum, the latter with apically bent setae; propodeum with long fine setae on projections of submarginal carina; short and dense golden-white pubescence on clypeus, frons, ocular sinus, gena and mesepisternum; tergites with very short and appressed brownish pubescence, longer on T 1; S 1 with suberect white pubescence and few scattered erect setae; S 2 densely pubescent with sparse oblique setae, partly bent at apex; S 3 – S 7 with dense golden-white setae, shorter on S 7. Black; following parts ferruginous-red: irregular markings on disc and sides of clypeus, mandible, antenna, most of pronotum except dorsolateral dark spots, tegula and parategula, posterior margin of scutellum, metanotum, borders of upper plate of mesepisternum, irregular and suffused markings at apex of propodeum, legs, T 1 and S 1 except suffused darker median area, sides of T 2 and S 2, T 3 – T 7 and S 3 – S 7; following parts pale yellow: most of clypeus except ferruginous markings, transverse spots on pronotal humeri, medially interrupted band on posterior half of scutellum, large spot on mesepisternum below tegula, projections of submarginal carina, thickened apical margin of T 1, apical band on T 2 – T 3 and S 2, suffused basal spots on tibiae. Wings fusco-hyaline with brown tinge, stronger along costal margin. Female. Differing from male as follows: clypeus with slightly wider apical margin and less evident silvery pubescence, pronotal carina sharper and more developed in the middle, apical lamella of T 2 longer and with less bulging digitations, and clypeus red or black with basal yellow band. Variability. The paratypes show a high degree of variability in some characters: thickness of male F 11 (from thin as in the holotype to wide and dorsoventrally depressed), development of the pronotal carina (from very fine in the middle as in the holotype to entirely sharp and well developed), density of the punctures on the mesosoma, and pattern (red markings from nearly absent to almost entirely replacing the red background, yellow markings of variable development, the holotype representing an intermediate form). The female paratype from PN Tsingy de Bemaraha shows some unique characters, being entirely black except for whitish markings at base of clypeus and at apex of T 1 – T 2 and S 2, having much sharper pronotal humeri and presenting at the base of the apical lamella of T 2 only very sparse punctures not delimiting clear digitations; since it is a single specimen and there are no further differences, it is considered for the moment as a local form.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD3FFC2FF0AFB1903F9C1EE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga, Toliara (Fig. 63 N).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFD3FFC2FF0AFB1903F9C1EE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective oblongus, - a, - um (= oblong), in reference to the elongate appearance of this species.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFAFFFBFFF0AFF7C00D7C136.taxon	description	(Figs 27, 63 O)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFAFFFBFFF0AFF7C00D7C136.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cyrtolabulus obscurior sp. nov. belongs to the group of Malagasy Cyrtolabulus with S 2 as long as T 2 and propodeum not forming a horizontal surface behind metanotum. Within this group, C. obscurior sp. nov. is morphologically similar to C. sollicitus (Giordani Soika), with which shares the following characters: dorsal and anterior faces of pronotum not clearly separated due to pronotal carina being developed only on lateral fifths (Fig. 27 C), posterior lobe of tegula broadly rounded and with obtuse apex, T 1 long and about 1.8 × as long as apically wide (Fig. 27 A), bell-shaped S 1, short apical lamella of T 2 (Fig. 27 E), densely punctate and matte integuments. Cyrtolabulus obscurior sp. nov. is however readily distinguished by the following characters: pronotal carina forming subconical and acute projections on humeri (Fig. 27 C), convex dorsal surface of propodeum above apical depression (Fig. 27 D), almost entirely white apical lamella of T 2 with only a narrow hyaline margin (Fig. 27 E), absence of dark-red areas on mesosoma (Figs 27 A, B), narrower and straight male F 11 (Fig. 27 A), and male mid-femur with a very small and shallow basal depression (Fig. 27 F).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFAFFFBFFF0AFF7C00D7C136.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2081268 // MADAGASCAR: Prov. / Fianarantsoa, 7 km W of / Sendrisoa, N of Andringitra / NP, 1465 m. 30 Nov – 21 Dec 2001 / 21 ° 57.96 ' S 46 ° 55.95 ' E / colls: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 035347 / malaise, in vegetation near / river MA- 02 - 10 - 03 // Cyrtolabulus obscurior / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21749). PARATYPES: Fianarantsoa, near PN d’Isalo, at stream E of Interpretive Center, 22.626656 S 45.358166 E, 750 m, 17 – 25. XI. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153779); Fianarantsoa, near PN d’Isalo, at stream E of Interpretive Center, 22.626656 S 45.358166 E, 750 m, 21 – 29. XII. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153571); Fianarantsoa, radio tower 22 km SW Ilakaka, near Fianarantsoa / Tulear border, 22.779176 S 45.024999 E, 1100 m, 6 – 16. XII. 2001, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105910); Fianarantsoa, radio tower 22 km SW Ilakaka, near Fianarantsoa / Tulear border, 22.779176 S 45.024999 E, 1100 m, 27. II – 6. III. 2002, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2081225, CASENT 2081227; MSVI, code CASENT 2081226).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFAFFFBFFF0AFF7C00D7C136.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype (Fig. 27 B). Body length 6.0 mm; fore wing length 4.5 mm. Head 1.3 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1 × as wide as long, free apical part slightly shorter than interocular part, apical margin shallowly emarginate and 0.3 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth subtriangular with blunt apex; clypeus in lateral view bulging in basal half, then shallowly depressed apically; basal part of clypeus raised in medial three-fifths. Vertex 1.6 × as long as ocellocular distance, almost flattened and evenly sloping, so that occipital carina is placed below the upper limit of eye. Gena 0.75 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, shallower and finer on vertex, becoming much higher and lamellate on gena, bisinuate on gena. F 1 1.25 × as long as wide and 0.95 × as long as F 2, F 2 and F 9 longer than wide, F 3 – F 4 subquadrate, F 5 – F 8 transverse; F 11 finger-shaped and subtle, straight in dorsal view and weakly curved in lateral view, apex bluntly pointed and not reaching basal margin of F 9; flagellum slightly expanded from middle of F 7 to apex of F 9, somewhat clavate. Mesosoma 1.45 × as long as wide, almost parallel-sided. Pronotum with straight and subparallel sides, humeri sharp and acutely pointed anterolaterally; pronotal carina largely incomplete, absent on most of dorsal face and sharp and shortly lamellate on extreme sides, interrupted below humeri and then very blunt below on lateral faces; dorsal and anterior faces of pronotum not separated in the middle; pretegular carina complete but subtle and blunt. Mesoscutum with shallow indications of notauli in front of scutellum. Scutellum wider than long, almost flattened and weakly sloping posteriorly; axillary fossa small and rounded, smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum short and weakly sloping, with a sharp and high transverse carina, triangularly lobate at sides. Tegula about as long as wide, outer margin evenly rounded and giving a subcircular outline to the tegula, outer margin of posterior lobe slightly exceeding parategula, apex right-angled and touching apex of parategula; parategula wide and flattened at base, posteriorly compressed laterolaterally and lamellar, appearing strongly angled in dorsal view. Mesepisternum abruptly angled and separated from epicnemium but without epicnemial carina, posteriorly with a short sharp irregular carina originating from the produced apex of the epimeron. Propodeum short, in dorsal view appearing more or less evenly convex but not forming a propodeal shelf behind metanotum, in lateral view convex above and then falling almost vertically; dorsal faces of propodeum weakly and evenly convex, medially separated by a shallow and wide furrow; lateral faces of propodeum flattened and not clearly separated from dorsal faces; posterior face of propodeum forming a widely subtriangular depression, shallow above and with a ventromedial deep pit, not separated from dorsal faces; submarginal carina of propodeum forming flattened spiniform projections above valvulae; propodeal valvula incised on upper margin and therefore not completely fused with submarginal carina. T 1 subcylindrical, in dorsal view with weakly and evenly diverging sides from base to apex, 2.0 × as long as apically wide; T 1 in lateral view raising basally where it is more convex, then weakly and evenly convex to apex, except for wide preapical furrow, apical margin thickened. T 2 about as long as wide, constricted basally and much wider apically than basally; apical margin of T 2 lamellate (lamella not strongly pigmented as it is pigmented like the preapical part), preceded by a weak thickening of the tergite, lamella apically with two hyaline borders, the apical one flattened and the subapical one slightly reflexed and overhanging the other one. Sides of T 1 meeting on ventral face of segment, so that S 1 is reduced to a very narrow basal stalk and an apical subtriangular sclerite; surface of S 1 flattened with bluntly and shallowly raised margin. S 2 shallowly depressed on basal sloping part; S 2 in lateral view evenly convex from base to apex, less than T 2; apical margin of S 2 lamellate like T 2, but lamella less markedly separated. Mid femur with a very shallow and small basal depression, appearing as a flattened area ventrally margined by dense silvery setae. Frons with deep and very dense punctures, interspaces narrow and reduced to high ridges, punctures becoming shallower and more irregular on vertex; gena with smaller punctures, becoming very shallow and sparse on ventral third; clypeus with deep dense punctures on basal bulging part. Mesosoma sculpted similar to frons but punctures larger; anterior face of pronotum with smaller punctures and large shiny impunctate areas; lateral faces of pronotum with small dense punctures; metanotum with smaller and irregular punctures; tegula matte due to fine and irregular micropunctures and microridges, with few fine macropunctures mediobasally; mesepisternum with interspaces narrow but flattened, densely micropunctate; dorsal faces of propodeum with large flat-bottomed polygonal cells, separated by sharp ridge-like interspaces; lateral faces of propodeum irregularly and very finely microstriate; posterior face of propodeum irregularly striate and punctate. T 1 with oblique punctures, shallower and sparser basally and becoming deeper and denser apically, interspaces sparsely micropunctate, basal sloping part and thickened apical margin impunctate; T 2 with well-impressed deep punctures, separated by about their diameter, interspaces with dense and large micropunctures, base of apical lamella margined by a series of very coarse punctures separated by sharp ridge-like interspaces; T 3 with coarse deep punctures, becoming larger from base to apex; T 4 shagreened with few barely impressed punctures; T 5 – T 7 finely shagreened and micropunctate; S 1 finely shagreened with sparse small punctures; S 2 similar to T 2, but punctures sparser and interspaces much shinier; S 3 – S 6 similar to respective tergite but sculpture much finer; S 7 shiny with dense micropunctures. Head and mesosoma with pale suberect pubescence and erect short setae, longer on frons and apically bent on mesepisternum; pubescence denser and silvery on clypeus, ocular sinus, gena and mesepisternum; propodeum with longer and silvery setae posterolaterally; metasoma with suberect dense pubescence, longer on T 1 and progressively shorter on following segments, S 4 – S 6 with longer pubescence, apex of S 3 – S 6 with long erect setae more evident on sides, apical margin of S 7 with sparse setae of irregular length. Black with irregular dark red suffusions on metasoma and ferruginous-orange T 3 – T 7 and S 3 – S 7; following parts dark ferruginous: lower face of scape, mandible, tegula, legs; following parts yellowish-white: clypeus except apical margin, basal triangle of mandible, narrow anterior band on pronotum slightly widening on humeral region, posterior third of scutellum, outer margin of tegula becoming wider posteriorly, projections of submarginal carina, thickened apical margin of T 1, preapical thickening and most of apical lamella of T 2 and S 2, outer face of fore tibia. Wings hyaline with very weak brownish tinge, more distinct along costal margin. Female. Excluding the usual sexual dimorphism, the female differs from the male as follows: clypeus dark red, less convex and with narrower apical margin, T 1 more robust and 1.8 × as long as wide, T 3 more finely punctate, and legs entirely dark red. Variability. The available specimens only show very subtle variation in the extension of the yellowish-white markings on pronotum and scutellum.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFAFFFBFFF0AFF7C00D7C136.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa (Fig. 63 O).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFAFFFBFFF0AFF7C00D7C136.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is a Latin adjective of comparative degree meaning “ darker ”, as this species superficially resembles a darker form of C. sollicitus.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFADFFBEFF0AF8BD03A2C15D.taxon	description	(Figs 28, 63 P) Cyrtolabulus parvulus Selis, 2024: 66, 70, 74, 85 (key), figs 5, 6, 12 (distribution), 13 L, ♂, ♀ — “ MADAGASKAR: TULÉAR / Tuléar-Morombe / PK 32 (S. I. B.) ” (holotype male NHMW).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFADFFBEFF0AF8BD03A2C15D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ MADAGASKAR: TULÉAR / Tuléar-Morombe / PK 32 (S. I. B.) / 21. – 23. V. 97, MADL // Cyrtolabulus / bekilyensis (G. S.) ♂ / J. Gusenleitner, det. 2005 // NHMW // Cyrtolabulus parvulus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis [red label] ” (NHMW). PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 1 ♀ (NHMW); Toliara, Sarodrano, 26. V. 1998, leg. M. Madl, 1 ♀ (NHMW); Tuléar, 32 km N Tulear (S. I. B.), 24. X. 1996, leg. M. Madl, 1 ♀ (NHMW).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFADFFBEFF0AF8BD03A2C15D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Gusenleitner 2005; Selis 2024) (Fig. 63 P). Notes. Specimens from a relatively restricted coastal area in southwestern Madagascar (Androimpano Forest and Mitoho Forest) show some differences from specimens from other areas, in particular the much broader pale yellow markings (Fig. 28 B) and the much finer sculpture of the metasoma, especially on T 1 which is very shiny and with sparse fine punctures (Fig. 28 C). Morphological comparison, both of external characters and male genitalia, did not reveal any obvious difference, so these specimens are at least momentarily considered a local form of Cyrtolabulus parvulus.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFABFFB9FF0AFF7C074CC7C3.taxon	description	(Figs 29, 64 A)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFABFFB9FF0AFF7C074CC7C3.taxon	description	Description of male (hitherto unknown). Habitus in Fig. 29 B. Differing from female as follows: clypeus evenly convex and finely micropunctate, apical margin wider and 0.3 × as wide as clypeus, flagellum apparently ninesegmented due to F 10 – F 11 reduced to an extremely small subconical appendage at apex of F 9 and clearly visible at high magnification only, apical margin of S 7 with a median subtriangular point (Fig. 29 C).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFABFFB9FF0AFF7C074CC7C3.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana *, Mahajanga *, Toliara (Gusenleitner 2004; Selis 2024) (Fig. 64 A).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFABFFBBFF0AF8F101B3C6CA.taxon	description	(Figs 30 A, 64 B)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFABFFBBFF0AF8F101B3C6CA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ MUS. ROY. AFR. CENTR. / Madagascar Est: / Fampanambo VI. 1960 / J. Vadon // Cyrtolabulus scrobalis / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis [red label] ” (MSNVE).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFABFFBBFF0AF8F101B3C6CA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toamasina (Selis 2024) (Fig. 64 B).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA9FFBBFF0AFEA107A3C404.taxon	description	(Figs 30 B, 64 C)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA9FFBBFF0AFEA107A3C404.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. PARALECTOTYPES: Bekily, VII. 1936, 1 ♂ (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC 00418851). Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1941; Selis 2024) (Fig. 64 C).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA9FFBBFF0AFD6206B2C5C8.taxon	description	(Figs 30 C, D; 64 D)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA9FFBBFF0AFD6206B2C5C8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana (Giordani Soika 1941; Gusenleitner 2012; Selis 2024) (Fig. 64 D). Notes. No specimens were available for direct examination and photography, so it was not possible to produce a standard plate as done for other species. Images of the holotype received by Herbert Zettel are provided in Figs 30 C – D and others were published by Gusenleitner (2012, as Pseudonortonia madacassa).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA9FFB4FF0AFBA607A7C1C6.taxon	description	(Figs 1 H, I; 31; 64 E)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA9FFB4FF0AFBA607A7C1C6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Cyrtolabulus tegularis sp. nov. belongs to the group of Malagasy Cyrtolabulus with S 2 as long as T 2 and propodeum forming a horizontal surface behind metanotum. Within this group, the rounded transition from propodeal shelf to posterior face of propodeum (Figs 31 D, E) and the long and pointed projections of submarginal carina not fused with the inferior carina of propodeum (Fig. 31 E) place C. tegularis sp. nov. close to C. bekilyensis (Giordani Soika) and C. parvulus Selis, from which the new species is readily distinguished by the strongly enlarged tegula with anteriorly emarginate outer margin and broadly rounded posterior lobe (Fig. 31 C), and T 2 wider than long with coarse and dense micropunctures almost hiding the fine macropunctures (Fig. 31 F).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA9FFB4FF0AFBA607A7C1C6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2053878 // MADAGASCAR: Tulear / Prov. Andohahela NP / Ihazofotsy Parcelle III / 80 m 2 – 12 Dec 2002 / 24 ° 49.85 ' S, 46 ° 32.17 ' E / colls. M. Irwin, F. Parker, / R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 024567 / malaise, dry spiny / forest, MA- 02 - 21 - 02 // Cyrtolabulus tegularis / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21750). PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 20. V – 3. VI. 2003, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2053883); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626667 E, 180 m, 15 – 28. I. 2004, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8600824); Tulear, Androimpano Forest, 3 km E of Itampolo, 24.657833 S 43.956167 E, 45 m, 22 – 29. I. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174977); Tulear, Androimpano Forest, 3 km E of Itampolo, 24.657833 S 43.956167 E, 45 m, 26. III – 12. IV. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2174985); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest, 24.048500 S 43.752333 E, 120 m, 9 – 15. I. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174927); Tulear, 1 km N of Andranovelona, 23.443 S 43.886 E, 200 m, leg. M. E. Irwin & E. I. Schlinger, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 3003747).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA9FFB4FF0AFBA607A7C1C6.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype (Fig. 31 B). Body length 7.0 mm; fore wing length 5.0 mm. Head 1.25 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1 × as wide as long, free apical part about as long as interocular part, apical margin shallowly emarginate and 0.25 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth obtuse and blunt; clypeus in lateral view weakly and evenly convex, shallowly depressed at extreme apex. Vertex 1.4 × as long as ocellocular distance, almost flattened and sloping, so that occipital carina is placed below the upper limit of eye. Gena 0.65 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, sharper and shorter on vertex, becoming blunter and much higher on gena, bisinuate on gena. F 1 1.45 × as long as wide and 1.1 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 3 and F 9 longer than wide, F 4 – F 8 transverse and becoming progressively shorter; F 11 claw-shaped in lateral view, weakly curved and compressed laterolaterally, apex bluntly pointed and reaching base of F 9; flagellum slightly expanded from middle of F 7 to apex of F 9, somewhat clavate. Mesosoma 1.4 × as long as wide, parallel-sided. Pronotum with straight and parallel sides, humeri about right-angled; pronotal carina largely incomplete, absent on most of dorsal face and subtle on lateral fourths where the carina continues in an even weaker humeral carina, interrupted below humeri and then very blunt below on lateral faces; dorsal and anterior faces of pronotum not separated in the middle; pretegular carina complete and strong but blunt. Scutellum wider than long with sides slightly converging posteriorly, weakly convex and slightly sloping posteriorly; axillary fossa small and rounded, smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum short and weakly sloping, with a sharp and high bilobate transverse carina. Tegula large and wider than long, campanulate with strongly curved and almost U-shaped outer margin, which is shallowly emarginate anteriorly, outer margin of posterior lobe widely exceeding parategula, apex right-angled and touching apex of parategula; parategula strongly curved and latero-laterally compressed with concave inner face, appearing scythe-shaped with pointed apex in dorsal view. Mesepisternum abruptly angled and separated from epicnemium but without epicnemial carina, posteriorly with a short and sharp irregular carina originating from the produced apex of the epimeron. Propodeum elongate and with a propodeal shelf behind metanotum, shelf slightly longer than metanotum and very shallowly depressed medially, in lateral view forming a perfectly horizontal surface; dorsal faces of propodeum flattened and strongly sloping mediolaterally; lateral faces of propodeum almost flattened, separated from dorsal faces by irregular and blunt lateral carinae; posterior face of propodeum forming a large subtrapezoidal shallow depression, ventromedially with a deep circular pit, posterior face not clearly separated from dorsal faces; submarginal carina of propodeum forming subtriangular flattened projections above valvulae; propodeal valvula incised on upper margin and therefore separated from submarginal carina. T 1 subcylindrical, in dorsal view with weakly diverging sides and anteriorly subtruncate, 1.55 × as long as apically wide; T 1 in lateral view abruptly raising basally and then almost flattened except for deep preapical furrow, apical margin thickened. T 2 wider than long, constricted basally and much wider apically than basally; apical margin of T 2 shortly lamellate (lamella not strongly evident as it is pigmented like the preapical area), preceded by a weak thickening of the tergite. T 3 preapically thickened and apically shortly lamellate similar to T 2. Sides of T 1 meeting on ventral face of segment, so that S 1 is reduced to a very narrow basal stalk and an apical subtriangular sclerite; surface of S 1 with three ridges running from base to apex, one longitudinal on mid-line and two diverging from base and reaching the apical angles of the sternite. S 2 very shallowly depressed on basal sloping part; S 2 in lateral view evenly convex from base to apex, much less than T 2; apical margin of S 2 lamellate like T 2, but lamella less markedly separated. Mid femur very shallowly tuberculate at extreme base. Frons with dense deep punctures, interspaces narrower than puncture diameter and convex, punctures becoming larger and slightly sparser on vertex; gena with much shallower and smaller punctures, separated by irregular interspaces; clypeus finely micropunctate with few scattered shallow punctures. Mesosoma sculpted similar to frons but punctures larger and interspaces much more densely micropunctate; anterior face of pronotum with smaller and denser punctures leaving two ventral smooth area; lateral faces of pronotum sparsely punctate with few very short striae on ventral corner; metanotum with small punctures, similar to anterior face of pronotum; tegula densely micropunctate and matte anteriorly, posteriorly becoming smooth and shiny, with few fine macropunctures; mesepisternum with flat interspaces becoming wider ventrally, epimeron very coarsely punctate with sharp interspaces; dorsal faces of propodeum with large flat-bottomed polygonal cells separated by sharp ridge-like interspaces, becoming smaller on propodeal shelf; lateral faces of propodeum finely and irregularly microstriate, with very shallow flat-bottomed cells along posterodorsal margin; posterior face of propodeum with irregular transverse ridges and small deep punctures, becoming smooth on ventromedial pit. T 1 with oblique flat-bottomed punctures, deeper and larger basally and becoming shallower and smaller apically, interspaces micropunctate, basal sloping part and thickened apical margin impunctate; T 2 very densely and coarsely micropunctate, with small macropunctures intermixed, macropunctures little evident and mostly separated by 2 – 3 puncture diameters, much sparser on basal sloping part, base of apical lamella margined by a series of coarse punctures; T 3 with a series of small but coarse and deep punctures bordering the lamellar margin; T 4 – T 7 micropunctate and shagreened; S 1 shiny with few deep punctured in the depressed parts of the apical enlarges sclerite; S 2 much shinier than T 2, micropunctures slightly finer and sparser, macropunctures larger and more evident; S 3 with some coarse punctures bordering the lamellar margin; S 4 – S 7 similar to respective tergites but with much finer sculpture. Head and mesosoma with sparse and little evident pubescence, mixed with erect slightly longer setae, pubescence much denser and silvery on clypeus, ocular sinus, gena and mesepisternum; mesepisternum with erect setae much longer and apically bent; propodeum with long and fine setae on posterolateral corners; metasoma with appressed dense pubescence, darker than on mesosoma, longer on T 1; all sternites with dense oblique setae, much denser and finer on S 3 – S 6; S 7 with scattered longer setae along apical margin. Black, with red: most of antenna, posterior margin of pronotum, posterior margin of scutellum, metanotum, tegula, legs starting from coxae, irregular large suffusions on metasoma; following parts pale yellow to bright yellow: clypeus, line on anterior face of scape, basal triangle of mandible, narrow anterior band on pronotum expanding laterally and running on humeral region, posterior band on scutellum, irregular marking covering posterior half of tegula, projections of submarginal carina, line on outer face of tibiae, narrow apical band on T 1 – T 3 and S 2 – S 3 (suffused and irregular in T 3 and S 3). Wings fusco-hyaline with brown tinge, darker on costal area. Female. Excluding the usual sexual dimorphism, the female differs from the male only in clypeus (slightly more convex, with narrower apical margin and deeper punctures) and pattern (entirely red clypeus and scape, hind tibia without yellow line). Variability. The male paratype from Andranovelona (CASENT 3003747) differs from the holotype in having wider and more vivid yellow markings, and slightly more elongate and narrowly emarginate clypeus. The three female paratypes from Tsimanampetsotsa (CASENT 2174927) and Androimpano Forest (CASENT 2174977 and CASENT 2174985) show generally finer punctures and less developed propodeal shelf in comparison with topotypical female paratypes (CASENT 2053883 and CASENT 8600824).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA9FFB4FF0AFBA607A7C1C6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 64 E).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA9FFB4FF0AFBA607A7C1C6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet refers to the enlarged tegulae of this species. Genus Delta de Saussure, 1855	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA5FFB6FF0AFF7C065EC756.taxon	description	(Figs 32 A, 64 F)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA5FFB6FF0AFF7C065EC756.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toliara (de Saussure 1890; Brancsik 1891; Gribodo 1895; von Schulthess 1907, 1919; Giordani Soika 1991 a; Borsato 1999) (Fig. 64 F). Algeria, Angola, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde Islands, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Liberia, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Yemen, Zambia.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA4FFB6FF0AFE5D0715C4D2.taxon	description	(Figs 1 B, 1 G, 32 B, 64 G)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA4FFB6FF0AFE5D0715C4D2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana *, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara (de Saussure 1852, 1890, 1900; von Schulthess 1907; Giordani Soika 1934 b, 1991 a; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2004) (Fig. 64 G).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA4FFB6FF0AFA250005C1BB.taxon	description	(Figs 33 B, 64 I)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA4FFB6FF0AFA250005C1BB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa (de Saussure 1900; Nilsson & Rabakonandrianina 1988; Giordani Soika 1991 a; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2004) (Fig. 64 I). Genus Eumenidiopsis Giordani Soika, 1939	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA4FFB6FF0AFCD90101C34E.taxon	description	(Figs 33 A, 64 H)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA4FFB6FF0AFCD90101C34E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa *, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara (de Saussure 1852, 1890; Brancsik 1891; du Buysson 1898; von Schulthess 1907, 1919; Friederichs 1919; Bequaert 1926; Salt 1927; Giordani Soika 1991 a; Madl 1995; Borsato 1999) (Fig. 64 H). Notes. Numerous authors have declined the specific epithet of this species, both in the masculine form reginus when combined with the genus Eumenes (Bequaert 1918, 1926; Salt 1927; Salt & Bequaert 1929; Giordani Soika 1957 b), and in the neutral form reginum in combination with Delta (Madl 1995; Carpenter & Madl 2009). In Latin, the word regina can be understood in two ways, either as a feminine noun meaning “ queen ”, or as the feminine form of the adjective Reginus, meaning “ from Reggio ”, a city in southern Italy. Since this species comes from Madagascar, it is unlikely that the term regina is intended as an adjective and must therefore be understood as a noun in apposition, thus making Delta regina the correct spelling.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA3FFB2FF0AF9F307A7C0BB.taxon	description	(Figs 34, 64 J)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA3FFB2FF0AF9F307A7C0BB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This is the only species of Eumenidiopsis known from Madagascar and is readily distinguished from the continental species by the morphology of the first metasomal segment: T 1 pyriform with the apical half being wider and more convex than the basal half (Fig. 34 C), the lateral margins of T 1 meet ventrally reducing S 1 to an apical crescent-shaped sclerite. The sharply separate and basally costulate apical lamella of T 2 (Fig. 34 B) is observed in the Namibian endemic Eumenidiopsis venustus Gusenleitner, from which E. pyriformis is however differentiated by several characters: narrower and shallower apical emargination of clypeus (Fig. 34 A), longitudinal carinae of clypeus slightly converging and reaching apical teeth of clypeus, frons without arcuate carina bordering anterior ocellus (Fig. 34 A), pronotal carina weaker and more broadly interrupted (Fig 34 D), parategula oblique with subtruncate apex (Fig. 34 E), propodeal shelf more shallowly furrowed in the middle (Fig. 34 F), pyriform T 1 (Fig. 34 C), coarser sculpture with more matte interspaces, and pattern (Figs 34 A, B).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA3FFB2FF0AF9F307A7C0BB.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2153766 // MADAGASCAR: Majunga / Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N / of Maevatanana on RN 04 / 43 m, 24 – 31 Aug 2003 / 16 ° 19.16 ' S 46 ° 48.80 ' E / R: Harin’Hala, col. // CASLOT 016553 / malaise in deciduous / forest MA- 25 - 12 // Eumenidiopsis pyriformis / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21751). PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 7 – 14. IX. 2003, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2153710, CASENT 2153720); same locality as holotype, 14 – 22. IX. 2003, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153730); same locality as holotype, 22 – 28. IX. 2003, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2153599; MSVI, code CASENT 2153597); same locality as holotype, 28. IX – 5. X. 2003, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2153660); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451167 S 47.613333 E, 33 m, 3 – 10. V. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin & F. Parker, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2047144); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451167 S 47.613333 E, 33 m, 5 – 17. VI. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin & F. Parker, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2047148); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451167 S 47.613333 E, 33 m, 8 – 17. VII. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin & F. Parker, 3 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2047087, CASENT 2047089; MSVI, code CASENT 2047088).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA3FFB2FF0AF9F307A7C0BB.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 34 B). Body length 6.5 mm; fore wing length 4.5 mm. Head as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.15 × as wide as long, free apical part very short and 0.25 × as long as interocular part, apical margin very shallowly triangularly incised and narrow, 0.15 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth subtriangular and slightly pointing out; clypeus in lateral view almost flattened, very shallowly and evenly convex; clypeus bearing a pair of strong longitudinal carinae originating from apical teeth and almost reaching base of clypeus, weakly diverging above. Vertex 1.8 × as long as ocellocular distance, flattened and weakly sloping in lateral view. Head in lateral view short, somewhat flattened; gena 0.6 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and sharp, evenly and weakly curved on gena. F 1 as long as wide and 1.1 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 9 wider than long and becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.7 × as long as wide, elongate and subcylindrical. Pronotum strongly elongate, distance between mesoscutum and pronotal carina almost equal to length of scutellum; sides of pronotum weakly converging and strongly sinuate behind humeri; pronotal carina very low and blunt on dorsal face, medially interrupted by a longitudinal furrow, triangularly and strongly produced laterally on humeri, sharp and strongly oblique on lateral faces; pretegular carina absent; anterior face of pronotum with a median pit. Mesoscutum much longer than wide and with sides almost entirely converging from parategulae to the anterior end; notauli present as a shallow depression covering the median third of the area between the parategulae. Scutellum subquadrate and barely convex from side to side; axillary fossa small and rounded, slightly smaller than one ocellus. Metanotum short and very weakly sloping, forming an even surface with scutellum and propodeum; anterior margin of metanotum weakly raised in a blunt transverse carina. Tegula about as long as wide and with strongly curved outer margin, posterior lobe short and slightly acute with pointed apex, not equaling parategula; parategula large and parallel-sides with convex surface, obliquely truncate at apex. Mesepisternum without epicnemial carina and sutures barely indicated by denser punctures, but not evident; epimeron barely differentiated. Propodeum elongate and with a propodeal shelf behind metanotum, in lateral view forming a flattened surface about as long as the metanotum and then abruptly curving down; dorsal faces of propodeum convex and meeting behind metanotum, forming a propodeal shelf and medially separated only by a fine longitudinal furrow; lateral faces of propodeum flattened and not separated from other faces; posterior face of propodeum forming a deep subtriangular depression below propodeal shelf, mid-line shallowly furrowed except for a short strong carina just above orifice; submarginal carina of propodeum forming a subrectangular and apically truncate lobe, laterolaterally flattened, not fused with valvula. T 1 in dorsal view pyriform and 1.9 × as long as apically wide, with convex and converging sides in apical half and parallel-sided in basal half; T 1 in lateral view forming a small basal bump just behind suspensory ligament and then expanded and convex in posterior two-thirds, except for the deep transverse furrow delimiting the apical inflated margin. T 2 slightly longer than wide and much wider than T 1, sides convex and weakly converging apically; apical margin of T 2 with a basally costulate lamella. Sides of T 1 meeting on ventral faces of segment, so that S 1 is reduced to a subtriangular apical sclerite. S 2 with a shallow longitudinal impression on the basal sloping part; S 2 in lateral view strongly convex in basal half; apical margin of S 2 similar to T 2 but with blunt costulation. Frons with small deep punctures separated by about their diameter and densely micropunctate interspaces, punctures becoming progressively larger and denser on vertex, where the interspaces are shiny and with few scattered micropunctures; gena largely impunctate and mirror-like on ventral half; clypeus with few barely visible punctures, surface mostly covered with very fine and irregular longitudinal microstriation. Mesosoma sculpted similar to frons but with larger punctures; pronotum with punctures becoming denser along posterior and anterior margins, anterior face of pronotum with patches of small deep punctures on lateral thirds; mesoscutum, scutellum and mesepisternum more sparsely punctured, most interspaces exceeding one puncture diameter; tegula shiny with sparse micropunctures, parategula smooth and shiny; dorsal faces of propodeum with sparse deep punctures, interspaces shiny and variable in size, but generally much wider than puncture diameter, punctures becoming smaller on posterior depression; lateral faces of propodeum finely striate and with sparse small punctures. T 1 with deep oblique punctures, denser and smaller basally and becoming sparser and larger apically, forming a very dense patch on ventrolateral part of tergite but completely disappearing ventrally on mid-line; T 2 with punctures similar to apical half of T 1, becoming denser and somewhat smaller from base to apex, leaving a short impunctate area before the apical lamella; T 3 – T 6 finely shagreened, with some barely visible indications of punctures; S 1 with small punctures along margins and few larger ones on disc; S 2 sculpted similar to T 2 but punctures larger; S 3 – S 6 similar to respective tergites, but S 3 with some very fine but evident punctures. Head and mesosoma covered in very short and erect pubescence, denser and strongly silvery on sides of clypeus, frons, mesepisternum and propodeum; pubescence longer on posterolateral corners of propodeum; metasoma with dust-like appressed pubescence, visible only under incident light. Black; following parts yellowish-white: basal transverse spot on clypeus, narrow line on ventral face of scape, transverse spots on pronotal humeri, parategula, regular and narrow apical band on T 1 – T 2, sinuate and laterally interrupted apical band on S 2, small apical spot on fore femur, basal markings on tibiae becoming progressively longer from fore to hind-tibia; following parts red: most of mandible, median third of dorsal face and narrow line on posterior margin of pronotum, tegula, large lateral spots on expanded part of T 1, suffused line bordering apical white margin of T 2; legs, T 3 – T 6 and S 3 – S 6 with irregular orangish markings. Wings hyaline with weak brownish tinge, more evident along costal margin. Male. Unknown. Variability. The following variations were observed in the paratypes: broader red pattern on pronotum (up to entirely red pronotum with suffused lateral black spots), tegula with small whitish spot at anterior end, propodeum with variably developed red markings on sides of posterior depression	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA3FFB2FF0AF9F307A7C0BB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga (Fig. 64 J).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA3FFB2FF0AF9F307A7C0BB.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet refers to the pyriform T 1, in contrast to the subcylindrical T 1 observed in the continental species of the genus. Genus Knemodynerus Blüthgen, 1940	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA0FFB2FF0AF931072BC1F1.taxon	description	(Figs 35 A, 64 K)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFA0FFB2FF0AF931072BC1F1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa, Toliara (Gusenleitner 1995, 2004; Borsato 1999) (Fig. 64 K).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBFFFACFF0AF9D507A7C3F2.taxon	description	(Figs 2 G, 2 I, 35 B, 64 L)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBFFFACFF0AF9D507A7C3F2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana *, Mahajanga *, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1937 a, 1941) (Fig. 64 L). Notes. The generic attribution of this species has never been studied, with the catalogue of the Malagasy Vespidae by Carpenter & Madl (2009) considering it as incertae sedis. The study of several specimens has highlighted how the species should be attributed to the genus Knemodynerus, in particular because of the tegulae with the strongly developed posterior lobe covering the parategulae (Fig. 2 G).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBEFFAEFF0AF9FE0725C08E.taxon	description	(Figs 36, 64 M)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBEFFAEFF0AF9FE0725C08E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. This species is immediately recognizable from other Malagasy Leptomenes by the globose, short and strongly convex mesosoma (Fig. 36 B), and by the humped posterior half of T 1 (Fig. 36 C).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBEFFAEFF0AF9FE0725C08E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2218475 // MADAGASCAR: Tulear / Beroboka village 45 km NE / Morondava, elev 150 ft / 28 April – 6 May 2008 / 19 ° 58.65 ' S 44 ° 39.92 ' E // Calif. Acad. of Sciences / coll: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala / malaise, Antsarongaza / gallery forest MG- 45 B- 21 // Leptomenes globosus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21752). PARATYPES: Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903667 S 43.475500 E, 30 m, 17 – 27. VII. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105917); Tulear, 8 km vor Sakaraha, Fluss-Tal (Tende), 15 – 18. V. 1997, leg. M. Madl, 1 ♀ (NHMW).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBEFFAEFF0AF9FE0725C08E.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype (Fig. 36 B). Body length 6.5 mm; fore wing length 5.5 mm. Head 1.15 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.05 × as wide as long, free apical part shorter than interocular part, apical margin deeply emarginate and 0.25 × as wide as clypeus, emargination 1.45 × as wide as deep, apical teeth triangular and pointed, almost spiniform; clypeus in lateral view weakly and evenly convex. Vertex 1.65 × as long as ocellocular distance, weakly convex anteriorly and strongly sloping in posterior third. Gena 0.6 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and shortly lamellate, shorter dorsolaterally on transition from vertex to gena, more or less evenly curved on gena except for shallow sinuosity around middle. F 1 2.3 × as long as wide and 1.55 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 4 longer than wide, F 5 – F 9 subquadrate; F 11 claw-shaped, in lateral view with convex dorsal margin, flattened ventral face and somewhat pointed apex, reaching apex of F 8, in dorsal view slightly curved outwards; F 8 and F 9 with tyloids shaped like flattened shiny areas, subtriangular on F 8 and covering the whole ventral surface on F 9. Mesosoma globose, in dorsal view 1.15 × as long as wide and with markedly rounded sides, in lateral view about as high as long. Pronotum with nearly straight but markedly converging sides; pronotal carina complete and sharp, somewhat lamellate on dorsal face, and almost evenly rounded on humeri, in the middle separated from mesoscutum by a length equal to two ocellar diameters; pretegular carina absent. Mesoscutum markedly convex in lateral view, 1.15 × as wide as long in dorsal view. Scutellum convex and markedly oblique, posterior margin placed much below level of anterior margin, anterior margin deeply furrowed; axillary fossa large and rounded, somewhat larger than one ocellar diameter. Metanotum nearly vertical and convex, convexity stronger in upper half. Tegula about as long as wide, outer margin strongly but evenly convex, posterior lobe short and acute with pointed apex, not equaling parategula; parategula broad and convex with rounded apex. Mesepisternum convex, separated from epicnemium by a fine and irregular epicnemial carina, barely visible; epimeron not separated from mesepisternum. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum produced in a sharp margin forming a subtriangular lobe directed posterolaterally. Propodeum short and nearly vertical, weakly convex in lateral view; dorsal faces of propodeum weakly convex and nearly vertical, reaching submarginal carina and widely separated below metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, posterodorsally separated from dorsal faces but lateral carinae missing; posterior face of propodeum forming a small and shallow concavity, not clearly separated from dorsal faces, mid-line with very fine longitudinal carina; submarginal carina of propodeum forming a subtriangular lobe, fused with propodeal valvula except for its rounded apex. T 1 in dorsal view somewhat campanulate, with sides more strongly converging in anterior half than posteriorly, longer than apically wide; T 1 in lateral view raising obliquely behind insertion of suspensory ligament and then forming a distinct bulge behind middle, shallowly depressed behind bulge and then thickened at apex. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide with strongly convex sides, wider than T 1 and markedly constricted basally; apical margin of T 2 with a very narrow translucent margin barely differentiated from preceding surface. S 2 in lateral view evenly and strongly convex, similarly to T 2. Head and mesosoma with deep and dense punctures, interspaces very narrow and forming a sharp reticulation on most sclerites; clypeus very densely and finely micropunctate with few scattered barely visible punctures; gena with a longitudinal impunctate area; metanotum with some wide and shiny interspaces on lower half; punctures on mesepisternum larger than on dorsal face of mesosoma; metaepisternum irregularly microsculpted and ridged, with a leathery appearance; dorsal faces of propodeum with even denser punctures and interspaces reduced to very fine and sharp ridges, lateral faces microstriate with sparse deep punctures, mid-line of propodeum with some short transverse ridges. Metasoma with oblique deep punctures, smaller than those on mesosoma; T 1 with few scattered punctures on anterior part, posterior part densely punctate with interspaces shiny and about as wide as one puncture diameter; T 2 with punctures larger and sparser basally and becoming finer and denser apically, forming a very dense preapical band; T 3 – T 6 with oblique punctures, dense and coarser on T 3 and becoming progressively sparser and finer; T 7 micropunctate with few barely visible punctures; S 1 shagreened with very fine punctures on basal stalk, shiny with deep punctures separated by convex interspaces on enlarged part; S 2 similar to T 2 but punctures larger and sparser, denser on disc than on margins; S 3 – S 7 similar to respective tergites but punctures sparser. Covered in very short pubescence, pale golden on head and mesosoma and pale brownish on metasoma, denser on head, propodeum and sides of mesosoma; head with short curved setae on frons; metasoma with fine erect setae on most of S 1 and S 6 – S 7 and at apex of remaining segments; apical margin of S 7 with a sparse brush of yellowish-white setae. Black with extensive and not sharply delimited dark-red markings, face paler and becoming ferruginous on lower part and clypeus. Legs black with red tibiae and tarsi. T 1 with ivory narrow line covering thickened margin; T 2 and S 2 with broader and sinuate pale band, ivory suffused with orange basally. Wings fusco-hyaline with brown tinge. Female. Larger than male (body length 8.0 mm) and differing as follows: clypeus 1.1 × as long as wide, apical margin 0.25 × as wide as clypeus and margined by long spiniform teeth, vertex with cephalic foveae touching each other and forming a single fovea not housed in a modified area, mandible strongly elongate and almost as long as longitudinal axis of eye, mesosoma more elongate and 1.2 × as long as wide, T 1 more elongate and with stronger dorsal hump, clypeus pale yellow on apical half.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBEFFAEFF0AF9FE0725C08E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 64 M).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBEFFAEFF0AF9FE0725C08E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the globose morphology of the mesosoma of this species.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBCFFABFF0AF8E400D6C3D6.taxon	description	(Figs 37, 64 N)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBCFFABFF0AF8E400D6C3D6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Leptomenes multipictus is readily distinguished from the other Malagasy species of Leptomenes by its strongly campanulate tegula, which has the outer margin widely concave anteriorly and then abruptly bent in the middle (Fig. 37 C). It is the only Malagasy species of Leptomenes showing abundant pale-yellow markings on a black background (Figs 37 A, B).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBCFFABFF0AF8E400D6C3D6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2174989 // MADAGASCAR: Tulear / Androimpano Forest / 3 km E of Itampolo / 26 March – 12 April 2009 / 24 ° 39.47 ' S 43 ° 57.37 ' E // California Acad of Sciences / coll: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala / malaise, path in dry forest / elev 45 m MG- 54 B- 21 // Leptomenes multipictus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21753). PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 6 – 13. XI. 2008, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2174974); same locality as holotype, 30. VII – 6. VIII. 2009, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174986); Toliara, Manderano, 23.527611 S 44.088222 E, 70 m, 15 – 29. V. 2002, leg. Frontier Wilderness Project, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2177683); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833 S 43.899667 E, 45 m, 21 – 26. X. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2068978); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833 S 43.899667 E, 45 m, 29. XI – 3. XII. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2174966); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833 S 43.899667 E, 45 m, 16 – 22. XII. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2174898, CASENT 2174890; MSVI, code CASENT 2174954); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833 S 43.899667 E, 45 m, 28. I – 6. II. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174897); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833 S 43.899667 E, 45 m, 20 – 27. II. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2174883, CASENT 2174887, CASENT 2174888; MSVI, code CASENT 2174884); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833 S 43.899667 E, 45 m, 22. IV – 2. V. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174960); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833 S 43.899667 E, 45 m, 15 – 27. V. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174886); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833 S 43.899667 E, 45 m, 10 – 21. VIII. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2174937); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626667 E, 180 m, 16 – 17. XII. 2002, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2118579); Tulear, Androimpano Forest, 5 km E of Itampolo, 24.650333 S 43.963167 E, 130 m, 14 – 21. V. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174992); Tulear, Androimpano Forest, 5 km E of Itampolo, 24.650333 S 43.963167 E, 130 m, 3 – 16. VII. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2174991); Tulear, Cap Ste Marie Spec. Res., 74 km S of Tsihombe, 25.587667 S 45.163000 E, 37 m, 10 – 20. IX. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 2081332, CASENT 2081333); Tulear, Cap Ste Marie Spec. Res., 74 km S of Tsihombe, 25.587667 S 45.163000 E, 37 m, 20 – 28. IX. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (MSVI, code CASENT 2081338); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest plateau, 24.048500 S 43.752500 E, 150 m, 18. II – 11. III. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2174946, CASENT 2174947).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBCFFABFF0AF8E400D6C3D6.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype (Fig. 37 B). Body length 6.5 mm; fore wing length 5.5 mm. Head 1.2 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view as wide as long, free apical part about as long as interocular part, apical margin deeply emarginate and 0.2 × as wide as clypeus, emargination 1.5 × as wide as deep, apical teeth subtriangular and flattened with rounded apex; clypeus in lateral view barely convex. Vertex 1.5 × as long as ocellocular distance, more or less flattened in lateral view. Gena 0.8 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and shortly lamellate, shorter dorsolaterally on transition from vertex to gena, weakly bent around middle on gena. F 1 2.0 × as long as wide and 1.35 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 3 slightly longer than wide, F 3 – F 9 subquadrate; F 11 claw-shaped, in lateral view with convex dorsal margin and straight ventral margin and pointed apex, not reaching base of F 9, in dorsal view straight; F 8 and F 9 with tyloids, linear and ridge-like on F 8 and subrectangular on F 9. Mesosoma weakly elongate, in dorsal view 1.35 × as long as wide, in lateral view slightly longer than high. Pronotum with straight and markedly converging sides; pronotal carina complete, very fine on dorsal face of pronotum and becoming higher on humeri, sharp and shortly lamellate on lateral faces, angled on humeri; pretegular carina sharp but not complete, clearly delimiting an apical concave area. Mesoscutum markedly convex in lateral view, with short hints of notauli in front of scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex and oblique, posterior margin placed much below level of anterior margin, anterior margin coarsely crenate; axillary fossa large and elliptical, longer than one ocellar diameter. Metanotum nearly vertical and strongly bulging dorsally. Tegula about as wide as long, anterior half of outer margin deeply and widely emarginate, appearing straight in dorsal view, so that the outer margin of tegula appears abruptly angled in the middle, posterior lobe short and bluntly angled, equaling parategula; parategula large and robust, basally bent and with partly depressed surface. Mesepisternum convex, separated from epicnemium by fine and blunt epicnemial carina; epimeron somewhat bulging ventrally but not clearly separated. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum produced in a sharp margin forming a small, pointed lobe directed posterolaterally. Propodeum short and weakly oblique in lateral view; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly convex, reaching submarginal carina and widely separated below metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, posterodorsally separated from dorsal faces but lateral carinae missing; posterior face of propodeum forming a large and deep depression, clearly but not sharply separated from dorsal faces, mid-line with fine longitudinal carina becoming thicker ventrally; submarginal carina of propodeum forming a long subtriangular lobe, fused with propodeal valvula in basal half, apex pointed and curved dorsolaterally. T 1 in dorsal view broadly subtriangular and anteriorly rounded, with sides markedly converging anteriorly, about as long as apically wide; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex in basal half and then shallowly depressed, apical margin thickened. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide with convex sides, slightly wider than apical width of T 1 and basal margin narrower than apical margin; apical margin of T 2 preceded by a shallowly depressed area and then shallowly thickened. S 2 in lateral view more weakly and evenly convex than T 2. Head with oblique punctures on frons, sparse and shallow above antennal insertions and becoming much denser and deeper dorsally, deep and not oblique on vertex; gena with scattered shallow large punctures; clypeus micropunctate in dorsal half and shagreened in ventral half, with few scattered barely visible punctures. Mesosoma similar to vertex but punctures larger, interspaces narrow and convex, shiny with sparse micropunctures; lateral faces of pronotum coarsely striate with few scattered punctures; tegula sparsely micropunctate with few larger punctures; ventral two-thirds of metanotum shiny and almost impunctate; interspaces on mesepisternum reaching one puncture diameter below pleural suture; dorsal faces of propodeum more irregularly punctate, interspaces ridge-like to flattened; metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum irregularly microstriate, leather-like, with few sparse small punctures; posterior depression of propodeum smooth and shiny on lateral fifths and obliquely striate on remaining surface. Metasoma with small deep punctures, smaller than those on mesosoma; T 1 sparsely punctate especially on sides, anterior sloping part nearly impunctate; T 2 densely punctate, interspaces generally narrower than puncture diameter, very dense and coarse on depressed apical area; T 3 punctate similar to T 2 but punctures sparser; T 4 – T 6 with punctures progressively finer and sparser; T 7 micropunctate; S 1 weakly shagreened and finely punctate on basal stalk, shiny with small deep punctures arranged in irregular series on enlarged part; S 2 with deep sparse punctures of variable size, interspaces ranging from one to four puncture diameters, denser and coarser apically; S 3 with large punctures covering most of its surface except extreme sides; S 4 – S 7 similar to respective tergites but punctures sparser. Covered in short silvery pubescence, spare and darker on dorsal parts of head and mesosoma, denser and brighter on frons, gena, sides of mesosoma and propodeum; frons with sparse short erect setae; pubescence on metasoma shorter and denser than on mesosoma, not markedly metallic. Black with the following pale-yellow parts: mandible except margins, clypeus except narrow margins and broad transverse band, spot at bottom of ocular sinus, line on gena behind dorsal lobe of eye, complete and regular band covering the anterior third of pronotum, posterior half of tegula, parategula, small posterolateral spots on scutellum, metanotum except posterior margin, large spot on mesepisternum below tegula, small apical spots on propodeum extending on projections of submarginal carina, laterally expanded apical band on T 1, broad and sinuate apical band on T 2 extending along lateral margins of tergite, S 4 – S 6 with laterally abbreviated apical band, S 2 with a large band similar to T 2 but more strongly sinuate, large semicircular spot in middle of S 3, small irregular spot in middle of S 4, ventroapical spot on mid coxa, most of outer face of fore and mid legs and hind tibia, small apical spot on hind femur. Posterior margin of pronotum and tegula ferruginous-red. Scape and dark parts of legs irregularly marked with ferruginous-brown. Wings fusco-hyaline with brown tinge. Female. Differing from male as follows: clypeus 1.15 × as long as wide, apical margin 0.2 × as wide as clypeus and very shallowly emarginate with broadly rounded apical teeth, vertex 1.4 × as long as ocellocular distance, cephalic foveae very close to each other and separated by about their diameter, not housed in a modified area, gena 0.75 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, mesosoma more elongate and with more convex sides, 1.4 × as long as wide, T 1 more elongate and more clearly subtriangular, punctures of metasoma generally finer and T 3 sculpted similar to following tergites, legs with brighter ferruginous markings and less extensive pale-yellow markings, T 6 with a central elliptical pale-yellow spot. Variability. The paratypes show great variability in the extension of the pale markings, which can be variably extended in comparison with the holotype, in particular the yellow markings of clypeus can be reduced or almost cover the whole clypeus, and the tergites and sternites starting from T 3 and S 3 can have more or less abundant markings. One male paratype from Cap Ste Marie special reserve has lateral yellow spots on T 2.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBCFFABFF0AF8E400D6C3D6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 64 N).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFBCFFABFF0AF8E400D6C3D6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the abundant yellow markings of this species, in opposition to the usually much darker pattern observed in Leptomenes.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB9FFA4FF0AF9DC0078C302.taxon	description	(Figs 38, 64 O)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB9FFA4FF0AF9DC0078C302.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Leptomenes ornatus belongs to the group of Malagasy Leptomenes with the apical area of T 2 shallowly depressed with thickened apical margin, in which comes very close to L. transuo due to posteriorly sloping vertex, vertical and metallic pubescent propodeum, and the shortened T 1. L. ornatus is readily distinguished from L. transuo by the following characters: occipital carina dorsally parallel to outer eye margin and then angled in the middle (Fig. 38 C), propodeal pubescence silvery and not covering the lateral faces (Figs 38 D, E), and T 1 wider than long with small sparse punctures (Fig. 38 F).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB9FFA4FF0AF9DC0078C302.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2118548 // MADAGASCAR: Toliara Prov / Parc National de Vohibasia, / 44 km NE of Sakaraha / elev 600 m Nov 22 – 30 2010 / 22 ° 40 ' S 044 ° 50 ' E // California Acad. of Sciences / colls: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala / malaise trap, Ambakaka / gallery / palm forest MG- 60 - 07 // Leptomenes ornatus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21754). PARATYPES: Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626667 E, 180 m, 26. I – 5. II. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2053874; MSVI, code CASENT 2053872); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626667 E, 180 m, 22 – 29. VI. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2081396); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626667 E, 180 m, 10 – 20. VII. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2053876); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903667 S 43.475500 E, 30 m, 23. IX – 3. X. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2053893).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB9FFA4FF0AF9DC0078C302.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype (Fig. 38 B). Body length 7.0 mm; fore wing length 6.0 mm. Head 1.25 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1 × as wide as long, free apical part about as long as interocular part, apical margin depressed and lamellate, 0.23 × as wide as clypeus and emarginate with emargination 3.5 × as wide as deep, apical teeth subtriangular and slightly pointed, pointing out; clypeus in lateral view very weakly convex. Vertex 1.5 × as long as ocellocular distance, weakly convex anteriorly and sloping in posterior half. Gena 0.7 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and shortly lamellate, higher on vertex than on gena, markedly angled below half on gena, weakly sinuate below. F 1 1.85 × as long as wide and 1.35 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 3 slightly longer than wide, F 4 – F 9 subquadrate; F 11 claw-shaped, in lateral view with convex dorsal margin and straight ventral margin, apex pointed and reaching apex of F 8, in dorsal view slightly curved outwards; F 8 and F 9 with tyloids, linear and raised on apical half of F 8, parallel-sided and wide on F 9. Mesosoma slightly elongate, in dorsal view 1.25 × as long as wide and with evenly convex sides, in lateral view longer than high. Pronotum with weakly convex and converging sides; pronotal carina complete and sharp, very shortly lamellate and lower medially than laterally, right-angled but blunt on humeri; pretegular carina indicated by a wide and blunt ridge. Mesoscutum markedly convex in lateral view, slightly wider than long. Scutellum weakly convex and markedly oblique, posterior margin placed much below level of anterior margin, anterior margin deeply furrowed and shallowly crenate; axillary fossa large and rounded, larger than one ocellar diameter. Metanotum nearly vertical and convex, more strongly in dorsal half. Tegula about as long as wide and weakly campanulate, outer margin strongly convex but nearly straight in anterior third, posterior lobe short and pointed, equaling parategula; parategula oblique and weakly convex with rounded apex. Mesepisternum convex, separated from epicnemium but without epicnemial carina; epimeron weakly ridged below but not separated from mesepisternum. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum produced in a sharp margin forming a subtriangular lobe directed posterolaterally. Propodeum short and nearly vertical, barely convex in lateral view; dorsal faces of propodeum weakly convex and nearly vertical, reaching submarginal carina and widely separated below metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum shallowly depressed, posterodorsally separated from dorsal faces but lateral carinae missing; posterior face of propodeum forming a small and shallow depression, not clearly separated from dorsal faces, mid-line with a fine and very irregular longitudinal carina; submarginal carina of propodeum forming a subtriangular lobe, with narrowly subtruncate apex and largely fused with valvula. T 1 in dorsal view subtriangular with rounded anterior margin, sides more or less evenly converging, shorter than apically wide; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex anteriorly and very shallowly depressed posteriorly, apical margin thickened. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide with weakly convex sides, wider than T 1 and weakly constricted basally; preapical area of T 2 narrowly and shallowly depressed, then apical margin thickened and separated from apical hyaline margin by a sharp step. S 2 in lateral view evenly convex, less than T 2. Head and mesosoma with deep punctures, smaller and sparser with interspaces reaching up to one puncture diameter on head, larger and denser with narrow interspaces on mesosoma; clypeus densely micropunctate and shiny, with sparse small punctures separated by several times their diameter; gena becoming more sparsely punctate ventrally; metanotum with scattered punctures and wide shiny interspaces; tegula shiny and micropunctate; interspaces on mesepisternum reaching up to one puncture diameter in width; metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum shiny with very fine and sparse microstriation and micropunctures, lateral faces of propodeum with sparse small deep punctures; dorsal faces of propodeum mostly with sparse small punctures separated by interspaces reaching up to two puncture diameters, only ventrolaterally with dense punctures separated by ridge-like interspaces; posterior face of propodeum with short oblique striation along median carina. Metasoma with small punctures, smaller than those on frons; T 1 with punctures larger basally and becoming finer apically, separated by flattened interspaces generally as wide as one puncture diameter and shiny, with indistinct micropunctures; T 2 with punctures smaller and denser than on T 1, finer and sparser medially and becoming larger and denser laterally and apically, interspaces finely micropunctate and mostly as wide as one puncture diameter, depressed apical part coarsely punctate and with interspaces reduced to ridges; T 3 – T 6 with oblique punctures, denser and deeper on T 3 and becoming progressively sparser and shallower on following tergites; T 7 micropunctate with few barely visible punctures; S 1 barely shagreened and shiny on basal stalk, irregularly and densely punctate on enlarged part, with interspaces reduced to narrow reticulation; S 2 with large and deep punctures, sparser and much larger than on T 2, interspaces mostly as wide as one puncture diameter, some punctures arranged in transverse series; S 3 in median three-fifths with coarse and deep punctures, interspaces variable and ranging from ridges to flattened area, lateral fifths micropunctate with few sparse punctures; S 4 – S 7 similar to respective tergite but punctures shallower. Covered in very short pubescence, silvery on head and mesosoma except for brassy pubescence on mesoscutum, and brownish on metasoma; pubescence denser on face, gena, mesepisternum and dorsal and posterior faces of propodeum, lateral faces of propodeum sparsely and indistinctly pubescent; frons and mesepisternum with short oblique setae; apical margin of S 7 with short and sparse brush of brownish setae. Black; following parts red: most of head except dark irregular spots on frons, pronotum, mesoscutum (except median irregular spots), scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum above pleural suture, lateral margins of propodeum from spiracles to submarginal carina, dark and suffused markings on T 1 – T 2 and S 2 – S 3; most of face, T 3 – T 7 and S 4 – S 7 widely marked with ferruginous-orange; following parts pale-yellow (partly passing to orange): clypeus except large median spot, interantennal space and spot above it, bottom ocular sinus, spot on gena behind dorsal lobe of eye, complete and laterally widened anterior band on pronotum, narrow margin on posterior angles of pronotum, tegula except median translucent spot, dorsal half of metanotum, narrow line along thickened margin of T 1, narrow and sinuate apical band covering depressed part of T 2 and similar band on S 2, narrow and suffused apical margins of T 3 – T 6 and S 3, small apical spot on fore femur, line on outer face of all tibiae. Wings hyaline with weak brownish tinge. Female. Differing from male as follows: clypeus 1.05 × as long as wide, apical margin 0.25 × as wide as clypeus and barely emarginate with broadly rounded apical teeth, vertex more strongly sloping and with cephalic foveae touching each other and not placed in a differentiated area, mesosoma slightly more elongate and with more convex sides, 1.3 × as long as wide, posterior face of propodeum more depressed, T 1 less densely punctate and in lateral view more convex, face more darkly marked. Variability. The male paratypes show a generally darker pattern in comparison to the holotype, with reduction of the pale pattern on face and larger dark markings on mesoscutum; the male from Mikea Forest has the clypeus entirely ferruginous-red with an apical pale-yellow spots and the legs with very small and irregular pale spots. The females show variation in the extension of the pale-yellow markings on clypeus and legs.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB9FFA4FF0AF9DC0078C302.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 64 O).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB9FFA4FF0AF9DC0078C302.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective “ ornatus, - a, - um ” (= ornate), in reference to the red pattern ornated with yellow markings.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB6FFA4FF0AFA680182C05C.taxon	description	(Figs 39 A, 64 P)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB6FFA4FF0AFA680182C05C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga *, Toliara (de Saussure 1890; Kohl 1906; Giordani Soika 1941, 1973, 1977; Gusenleitner 2004) (Fig. 64 P).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB6FFA1FF0AF9290020C5FA.taxon	description	(Figs 39 B – D, 65 A)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB6FFA1FF0AF9290020C5FA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Leptomenes sollicitus is readily distinguished from all the other Malagasy Leptomenes by the presence of a large and deep subtriangular depression on S 2, covering the whole basal margin and exceeding the middle of the sternite (Fig. 39 D).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB6FFA1FF0AF9290020C5FA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 8105920 // MADAGASCAR: Province / Fianarantsoa, radio tower / 22 km SW of Ilakaka, near / Fianarantsoa / Tulear border / 16 – 27 February 2002 / 22 ° 46.75 ' S, 45 ° 1.50 ' E // coll: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala / California Acad of Sciences / malaise in Uapacca forest / elev 1100 m, MA- 02 - 12 - 09 // Leptomenes sollicitus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21755). PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 24. IX. 2001 – 16. I. 2002, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105871); same locality as holotype, 27. II – 6. III. 2002, 1 ♂ (MSVI, code CASENT 2081224); Fianarantsoa, near PN d’Isalo, at stream E of Interpretive Center, 22.626667 S 45.358167 E, 750 m, 5 – 13. I. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS; code CASENT 2153552); Fianarantsoa, 7 km W of Sendrisoa, N of Andringitra NP, 21.966000 S 46.932500 E, 1465 m, 30. XI – 21. XII. 2001, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2081267).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB6FFA1FF0AF9290020C5FA.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype (Fig. 39 C). Body length 6.5 mm; fore wing length 5.5 mm. Head 1.25 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view about as wide as long, free apical part about as long as interocular part, apical margin emarginate and 0.25 × as wide as clypeus, emargination 3.0 × as wide as deep, apical teeth broadly subtriangular and apically rounded; clypeus in lateral view weakly convex in basal half and then flattened to apex. Vertex 1.5 × as long as ocellocular distance, weakly convex in lateral view and shallowly sloping in posterior third. Gena 0.7 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and shortly lamellate, very fine dorsolaterally on transition from vertex to gena, almost straight on gena except for median sinuosity. F 1 1.75 × as long as wide and 1.45 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 4 slightly longer than wide, F 5 – F 9 subquadrate; F 11 claw-shaped, in lateral view with convex dorsal margin and straight ventral margin, apex pointed and reaching basal margin of F 9, in dorsal view nearly straight; F 8 and F 9 with tyloids, very small and point-like on F 8, forming a subtriangular plate on F 9. Mesosoma weakly elongate, in dorsal view 1.3 × as long as wide and with evenly convex sides, in lateral view longer than high. Pronotum with weakly sinuate and converging sides; pronotal carina complete and sharp, shortly lamellate with lamella higher on humeri, obtusely angled on humeri; pretegular carina sharp but incomplete. Mesoscutum convex in lateral view, with very shallow indication of notauli on anterior and posterior margin. Scutellum weakly convex and markedly oblique, posterior margin placed much below level of anterior margin, anterior margin deeply furrowed; axillary fossa large and rounded, larger than one ocellar diameter. Metanotum nearly vertical and weakly convex, anterior margin slightly produced. Tegula about as long as wide, widest in the middle, outer margin strongly convex in the middle, posterior lobe short and pointed, equaling parategula; parategula oblique and weakly curved, apex rounded but narrow. Mesepisternum convex, epicnemial carina sharp and low and developed only below pleural suture; epimeron angularly produced below. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum produced in a sinuate sharp margin, forming a small subtriangular lobe directed posterolaterally. Propodeum short and weakly oblique, evenly and weakly convex in lateral view; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly sloping and evenly weakly convex, reaching submarginal carina and narrowly separated below metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, posterodorsally not sharply separated from dorsal faces and lateral carinae missing; posterior face of propodeum widely and shallowly depressed, not clearly separated from dorsal faces, mid-line with very fine and irregular longitudinal carina; submarginal carina of propodeum forming a subtriangular lobe, mostly fused with propodeal valvula and subtruncate at apex. T 1 in dorsal view semi-elliptical, with sides converging and smoothly passing into rounded anterior margin, shorter than apically wide; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex and reaching maximum height in front of middle, posteriorly with a flattened face, apical margin thickened. T 2 in dorsal view slightly longer than wide with evenly convex sides, markedly wider than T 1 and constricted basally; apical margin of T 2 simple, shallowly separated from apical hyaline border. S 2 in lateral view oblique and almost flattened except for basal shallow convexity, surface with a subtriangular depression starting from basal margin and exceeding middle. Head and mesosoma with deep flat-bottomed punctures, very dense and interspaces matte and much narrower than puncture diameter; clypeus micropunctate with small deep punctures, separated by about their diameter basally and becoming sparser apically; metanotum shiny and sparsely micropunctate, with irregular transverse series of small deep punctures; tegula sparsely micropunctate, with few coarse punctures medially; mesepisternum with interspaces partly flattened; metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum finely and irregularly striate, with some scattered oblique punctures posteriorly; dorsal faces of propodeum with small flat-bottomed polygonal cells separated by sharp ridge-like interspaces; posterior face of propodeum medially with oblique fine striation and on margins with punctures similar to dorsal faces. Metasoma with deep oblique punctures, much smaller than those on mesosoma and interspaces generally narrower than puncture diameter; anterior sloping part of T 1 sparsely punctate; apical margins of T 1 – T 2 and S 2 with a narrow impunctate margin; T 3 – T 6 with punctures becoming sparser; T 7 densely micropunctate with a central area of barely visible punctures; S 1 finely shagreened and shiny on basal stalk, sparsely punctate with interspaces raised in longitudinal ridges on posterior enlarged part; S 2 with punctures much larger and sparser than on T 2, denser laterally and much sparser on median depression; S 3 – S 7 similar to respective tergites but punctures much sparser and shallower. Covered in very short and pale pubescence with weak metallic reflections, brighter on head and mesosoma and darker on metasoma, denser on frons, gena and sides of mesosoma; very short curved setae on frons and mesepisternum, much longer and fine setae on posterolateral corners of propodeum, S 3 – S 6 with fine erect setae along apical margin; apical margin of S 7 with a sparse and short brush of dark setae. Black; following parts wine-red: head except irregular dark markings on frons, pronotum, arcuate lines on mesoscutum starting from middle and reaching parategulae laterally, tegula, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum above pleural suture, T 1 – T 2 and S 2; following markings whitish: anterior margin of pronotum and metanotum, very narrow apical margin of T 1 – T 2 and S 2; metasoma ferruginous-orange starting from T 3 and S 3; legs blackish-red basally and becoming bright ferruginous on tibiae and tarsi. Wings hyaline with grayish tinge, darker along costal margin. Female. Differing from male as follows: clypeus 1.2 × as long as wide, apical margin 0.25 × as wide as clypeus and shallowly emarginate with short and apically rounded teeth, vertex with cephalic foveae very close to each other and placed in a very small shiny area, mesosoma slightly more elongate, 1.35 × as long as wide, metasoma with punctures slightly sparser, S 2 with median depression deeper and basal corners more bulging, tegula, parategula and tibiae with whitish markings. Variability. One male paratype has small whitish markings on posterior lobe of tegula and on base of mid and hind tibiae; the female paratypes differ from each other in the extension of the whitish lines on tibiae.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB6FFA1FF0AF9290020C5FA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa (Fig. 65 A).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB6FFA1FF0AF9290020C5FA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to another Malagasy Eumeninae, Cyrtolabulus sollicitus, with which the new species forms a mimicry ring.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB3FFA2FF0AFBF0004DC26A.taxon	description	(Figs 40, 65 B)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB3FFA2FF0AFBF0004DC26A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Leptomenes transuo belongs to the group of Malagasy Leptomenes with the apical area of T 2 shallowly depressed with thickened apical margin, in which comes very close to L. ornatus due to posteriorly sloping vertex, vertical and metallic pubescent propodeum, and shortened T 1. Leptomenes transuo is readily distinguished from L. ornatus by the following characters: occipital carina evenly converging with outer eye margin for entire length of gena (Fig. 40 C), propodeal pubescence golden and covering the lateral faces (Figs 40 D, E), and T 1 as wide as long with large dense punctures (Fig. 40 F).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB3FFA2FF0AFBF0004DC26A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2174913 // MADAGASCAR: Tulear / Ambohimahavelona village / 33 km NE of Tulear / 26 – 31 October 2008 / 23 ° 26.45 ' S 43 ° 53.98 ' E // Calif. Acad. of Sciences / coll: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala / malaise trap, spiny bush / elev 43 m MG- 50 A- 02 // Leptomenes transuo / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21756). PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174914); same locality as holotype, 29. XI – 3. XII. 2008, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2174964, CASENT 2174965); same locality as holotype, 16 – 22. XII. 2008, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174953); same locality as holotype, 20 – 27. II. 2009, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2174889); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333 S 47.086000 E, 1360 m, 9 – 19. XII. 2002, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105881); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333 S 47.086000 E, 1360 m, 30. III – 9. IV. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 8105818); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333 S 47.086000 E, 1360 m, 16 – 26. X. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105886); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333 S 47.086000 E, 1360 m, 22. I – 4. II. 2004, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 8105892, CASENT 8105894, CASENT 8105898); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333 S 47.086000 E, 1360 m, 24. III – 8. IV. 2004, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 8105964); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333 S 47.086000 E, 1360 m, 5 – 19. IX. 2004, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 4 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2047116, CASENT 2047118, CASENT 2047120; MSVI, code CASENT 2047113); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333 S 47.086000 E, 1360 m, 2 – 14. X. 2004, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105963); Toliara, Foret de Mahavelo, Isantoria River, 24.758333 S 46.157222 E, 110 m, 28. I – 1. II. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♂ 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2146125, CASENT 2146126, CASENT 2146127); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626667 E, 180 m, 16 – 17. XII. 2002, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2118582); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626667 E, 180 m, 26. I – 5. II. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2053875); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626667 E, 180 m, 28. III – 8. IV. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2118637); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626667 E, 180 m, 19 – 30. X. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081438); Tulear, Berenty Special Res, 8 km NW of Amboasary, 25.006667 S 46.303333 E, 85 m, 24. III – 3. IV. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2153792).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB3FFA2FF0AFBF0004DC26A.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype (Fig. 40 B). Body length 7.5 mm; fore wing length 6.0 mm. Head 1.25 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view as wide as long, free apical part about as long as interocular part, apical margin sub-triangularly emarginate, 0.25 × as wide as clypeus and emargination 2.5 × as wide as deep, apical teeth subtriangular and pointed, slightly pointing out; clypeus in lateral view barely convex. Vertex 1.45 × as long as ocellocular distance, weakly convex anteriorly and sloping in posterior third. Gena 0.5 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and shortly lamellate, higher on vertex than on gena, evenly converging with outer eye margin and nearly straight except for median sinuation. F 1 1.85 × as long as wide and 1.4 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 5 longer than wide, F 6 – F 9 subquadrate; F 11 claw-shaped, in lateral view with convex dorsal margin and weakly concave ventral margin, apex pointed and reaching basal margin of F 9, in dorsal view nearly straight; F 8 and F 9 with tyloids, extremely small and barely visible on F 8, short, subtriangular and ill-defined on F 9. Mesosoma slightly elongate, in dorsal view 1.25 × as long as wide and with evenly convex sides, in lateral view longer than high. Pronotum with straight and converging sides; pronotal carina complete and sharp, shortly lamellate dorsally and slightly higher on humeri than medially, obtusely angled on humeri; pretegular carina indicated by a short and blunt ridge at upper end. Mesoscutum markedly convex in lateral view, wider than long. Scutellum weakly convex and markedly oblique, posterior margin placed much below level of anterior margin, anterior margin deeply furrowed for its whole length; axillary fossa large and rounded, about as large as one ocellus. Metanotum vertical and barely convex, dorsal margin thickened and slightly produced above posterior margin of scutellum. Tegula about as long as wide and weakly campanulate, outer margin strongly convex but straight on anterior third, posterior lobe subtriangular and pointed, equaling parategula; parategula evenly curved and laterolaterally compressed, depressed on medial face. Mesepisternum convex, separated from epicnemium by shallow indication of epicnemial carina; epimeron not clearly separated from rest of mesepisternum. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum produced in a sharp margin forming a subtriangular lobe directed posterolaterally. Propodeum short and nearly vertical, markedly convex in lateral view; dorsal faces of propodeum convex and strongly sloping, reaching submarginal carina and widely separated below metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum very shallowly depressed, posterodorsally separated from dorsal faces by blunt lateral carinae; posterior face of propodeum widely and very shallowly depressed, not clearly separated from dorsal faces, mid-line with a very fine and irregular longitudinal carina visible only at upper and lower ends; submarginal carina of propodeum forming a flattened spine-like lobe, pointed at apex and separated from valvula by a deep incision. T 1 in dorsal view subtrapezoidal with weakly converging sides passing into transverse and convex anterior margin, about as long as apically wide; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex anteriorly and very shallowly depressed behind convexity, apical margin thickened. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide with convex sides, wider than T 1 and markedly constricted basally; preapical area of T 2 narrowly and shallowly depressed, apical margin thickened and separated from apical hyaline margin by a sharp step. S 2 in lateral view evenly convex, less than T 2. Frons with small punctures separated by about their diameter, disappearing on interantennal space, becoming larger on ocular sinus; vertex with punctures denser and coarser, partly arranged in irregular series of touching punctures; gena with few scattered punctures; clypeus finely micropunctate and silky shiny, with scattered fine punctures separated by 2 – 3 × their diameter. Mesosoma with punctures much larger than on head, separated by narrow interspaces narrower than puncture diameter; metanotum with punctures smaller and more widely spaced; tegula finely micropunctate and shiny; mesepisternum with punctures larger dorsally and becoming smaller ventrally; metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum irregularly and finely shagreened, with few scattered small punctures; dorsal faces of propodeum with little-evident small punctures; posterior face of propodeum with very short and shallow oblique ridges along mid-line. T 1 with large oblique punctures, partly arranged in transverse series anteriorly margined by raised margin, interspaces narrow and micropunctate; T 2 basally with punctures similar to T 1, punctures becoming smaller and less oblique on disc and apically, interspaces about as wide as puncture diameter, depressed apical part coarsely punctate with interspaces reduced to sharp ridges; T 3 – T 6 with oblique punctures, denser and deeper on T 3 and becoming progressively sparser and shallower on following tergites; T 7 micropunctate with few barely visible punctures; S 1 barely shagreened and silky-shiny on basal stalk, with deep punctures arranged in irregular series on enlarges part; S 2 with punctures larger and much sparser than on T 2, interspaces as wide as several punctures diameter and very wide on basal sloping part; S 3 in median three-fifths with coarse and deep punctures, interspaces narrower than puncture diameter and shallowly convex, lateral fifths with small punctures in posterolateral corners; S 4 – S 7 similar to respective tergites but punctures much sparser and shallower, little evident. Covered in very short metallic pubescence, silvery on most of body, golden on dorsal sides of mesosoma and whole propodeum; head with short oblique setae; dorsal side of mesosoma with few scattered very short erect setae; propodeum with longer and very fine setae above submarginal carina; apical margin of S 3 – S 6 with erect short setae; apical margin of S 7 with short and sparse brush of brownish setae. Dark red-brown with irregular blackish areas on sides of mesosoma and base of legs; mandible, clypeus and lower part of face largely ferruginous-orange, but clypeus bordered with pale-yellow; following parts yellowish-white: anterior band on pronotum wider on sides, narrow anterior margin of metanotum, irregular spots on tegula, projection of submarginal carina of propodeum, narrow apical bands on T 1, T 2 and S 2, sinuate on T 2 and S 2; T 3 – T 7 and S 3 – S 7 ferruginous. Wings hyaline with grayish-brown tinge. Female. Differing from male as follows: clypeus as long as wide, apical margin 0.2 × as wide as clypeus and shallowly emarginate with broadly rounded apical teeth, vertex more strongly sloping and with cephalic foveae close to each other and placed in a small shiny area, mesosoma slightly more elongate, 1.35 × as long as wide, T 1 more coarsely and shallowly punctate, propodeal pubescence denser. Variability. Specimens from Toliara have the red background and pale markings variably vivid, with a variable extent of the yellowish-white markings on mesosoma. Specimens from Fianarantsoa usually show a much darker pattern, with extensive black areas on head and mesosoma more sharply separated from the red parts and reduced whitish markings on mesosoma, and generally coarser and denser punctures, but the presence of intermediate specimens and the absence of differences in external morphology and male genitalia supports the recognition of the two populations as a single species.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB3FFA2FF0AFBF0004DC26A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa, Toliara (Fig. 65 B).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB3FFA2FF0AFBF0004DC26A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is a Latin verb meaning “ I pierce ” and an anagram of the Latin adjective “ ornatus ”, referring to the similarity with Leptomenes ornatus, from which it is differentiated by the larger punctures on T 1. It is treated as a noun in apposition.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB0FF9EFF0AFB4007A6C418.taxon	description	(Figs 41, 65 C)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB0FF9EFF0AFB4007A6C418.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Leptomenes tricolor belongs to the group of Malagasy species with subtriangular and elongate T 1 (Fig. 41 D), in which is differentiated by the weakly pubescent propodeum (Fig. 41 C) and the simple apical margin of T 2 (Fig. 41 E). It is readily distinguished from the other species of Malagasy Leptomenes by its black and bright-red pattern with abundant pale-yellow markings.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB0FF9EFF0AFB4007A6C418.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2046376 // MADAGASCAR: Toliara / Prov., PN de Kirindy Mitea / 20.7 km 29 ° WNW Tongobory / 23 ° 31 ' 27 " S 44 ° 7 ' 17 " E, 75 m / 27 Feb- 3 Mar 2002, coll. / Fisher, Griswold et al. // CASLOT 011090 / malaise trap in gallery / forest BLF 5849 // Leptomenes tricolor / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21757). PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 1 ♂ (MSVI, code CASENT 2046377); Antananarivo, Ankokoy Forest, 3 km E of Ibity, 20.067500 S 46.999500 E, 1700 m, 14 – 24. XI. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2174931); Toliara, Foret de Mahavelo, Isantoria River, 24.758333 S 46.157222 E, 110 m, 28. I – 1. II. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2146128); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833 S 43.899667 E, 45 m, 28. I – 6. II. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174896).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB0FF9EFF0AFB4007A6C418.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype (Fig. 41 B). Body length 6.5 mm; fore wing length 6.0 mm. Head 1.25 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.05 × as wide as long, free apical part about as long as interocular part, apical margin deeply emarginate and 0.25 × as wide as clypeus, emargination 2.3 × as wide as deep, apical teeth triangular and acute with rounded apex; clypeus in lateral view weakly and evenly convex. Vertex 1.3 × as long as ocellocular distance, flattened and weakly sloping only along occipital carina. Gena 0.75 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and shortly lamellate, shorter dorsolaterally on transition from vertex to gena, weakly crenate on upper half, oblique and sinuate on gena. F 1 1.65 × as long as wide and 1.3 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 4 slightly longer than wide, F 5 – F 9 subquadrate; F 11 claw-shaped, in lateral view with convex dorsal margin and straight ventral margin, apex pointed and not reaching basal margin of F 9, straight in dorsal view; F 8 and F 9 with tyloids, as longitudinal ridge covering apical two-thirds on F 8 and subtriangular on F 9. Mesosoma weakly elongate, in dorsal view 1.3 × as long as wide and with weakly convex sides, in lateral view slightly longer than high. Pronotum with straight and anteriorly converging sides; pronotal carina complete and sharp, forming a short translucent lamella on dorsal face, obtusely angled on humeri, in the middle separated from mesoscutum by a length equal to almost two ocellar diameters; pretegular carina strong but incomplete and blunt. Mesoscutum markedly convex in lateral view, slightly longer than wide. Scutellum very weakly convex and markedly oblique, posterior margin placed much below level of anterior margin, anterior margin deeply furrowed and shallowly crenate; axillary fossa large and rounded, larger than one ocellar diameter. Metanotum nearly vertical and weakly bulging dorsally. Tegula about as long as wide, widest at its middle, outer margin more markedly curved in the middle, posterior lobe short and slightly acute with pointed apex, not equaling parategula; parategula oblique and weakly curved with rounded apex. Mesepisternum convex, with epicnemial carina low and sharp but visible only in lower half; epimeron slightly raised along ventral margin, but not clearly separated from mesepisternum. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum produced in a sharp and sinuate margin forming a subtriangular lobe directed posterolaterally. Propodeum short and weakly oblique, almost straight in lateral view; dorsal faces of propodeum convex and strongly sloping, reaching submarginal carina and widely separated below metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum barely depressed, posterodorsally separated from dorsal faces by very blunt lateral carinae; posterior face of propodeum deeply depressed, clearly but not sharply separated from dorsal faces, mid-line with fine and sharp longitudinal carina; submarginal carina of propodeum forming a subtriangular and apically blunt lobe, fused with propodeal valvula in basal two-thirds. T 1 in dorsal view subtriangular with rounded anterior margin, shorter than apically wide; T 1 in lateral view almost evenly convex except for weakly thickened apical margin. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide with convex sides, wider than T 1 and weakly constricted basally; apical margin of T 2 shallowly depressed and bearing a very short and crenate translucent margin. S 2 in lateral view oblique and weakly convex, slightly more strongly basally. Head and mesosoma with deep punctures, generally separated by interspaces equal to one puncture diameter, denser on pronotum and mesoscutum, interspaces densely micropunctate; clypeus densely micropunctate with sparse small deep punctures; gena with interspaces reaching up to several puncture diameters in width; lateral faces of pronotum with few transverse striae and small punctures; metanotum with sparse small punctures; tegula shiny and micropunctate; mesepisternum with wider interspaces; metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum shagreened and with few irregular fine striae, with leathery appearance; dorsal faces of propodeum with smaller punctures, very dense and forming an irregular reticulation medially, sparser and with large flattened interspaces laterally; posterior face of propodeum with oblique irregular striation and few scattered punctures. Metasoma with oblique punctures smaller than those on mesosoma; T 1 with few scattered punctures on anterior sloping part, densely punctate posteriorly except for smooth thickened apical margin; T 2 punctate similar to T 1 but smaller punctures, sparser basally and becoming denser apically, depressed apical margin more coarsely and densely punctate except for impunctate apex; T 3 – T 6 with oblique punctures becoming progressively sparser and shallower; T 7 finely shagreened with few shallow punctures; S 1 smooth on basal stalk, shiny with deep punctures on posterior enlarged part, interspaces forming an elongate reticulation; S 2 with deep and sparse punctures, much larger and sparser than on T 2; S 3 on median third with a patch of large and deep punctures; S 4 – S 7 with punctures much sparser and finer and becoming progressively less evident. Covered in very short and not clearly evident pubescence, brassy on most of body, weakly silvery on clypeus, gena, propodeum and sides of mesosoma; frons and pronotum with some very short erect setae; propodeum with longer fine setae above submarginal carina; apical margin of S 7 with some setae not forming a clear brush. Black; following parts ferruginous to red: mandible, clypeus, scape, rounded spot above antennal insertions and filling interantennal space, line along eye margin filling ocular sinus and covering whole gena, posterior two-thirds of vertex, pronotum except dark dorsolateral spots, tegula, parategula, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum above pleural furrow, projections of submarginal carina, posterior half of T 1, narrow dark border along pale apical band on T 2 and S 2, apical margins of T 3 – T 6 and S 3 – S 6, legs darker basally and paler apically; following parts pale-yellow: apical third and basal band on clypeus, basal triangle of mandible, middle of interantennal spot, suffuse spot in ocular sinus, regular anterior margin of pronotum, dorsal half of metanotum, subtriangular spot on upper part of mesepisternum, narrow apical bands on T 1 – T 2 and S 2, small apicolateral spot on fore femur, line on outer face of tibiae (irregular on hind tibia). Wings fusco-hyaline with strong brown tinge. Female. Differing from male as follows: clypeus 1.05 × as long as wide, apical margin 0.2 × as wide as clypeus and shallowly emarginate with obtuse and apically rounded apical teeth, vertex with cephalic foveae close to each other and placed in a very small shiny depression, mesosoma more elongate and 1.45 × as long as wide, legs with reduced pale-yellow markings. Variability. The male paratypes differ from the holotype in having the apical margin of T 2 not depressed and lacking most of the pale-yellow markings on head and mesosoma, with the paratype from Ankokoy Forest having only a small median spot on pronotum; the same paratype also shows much brighter markings, being more orange rather than red. The two female paratypes differ slightly in the depth of the clypeal emargination and in the extension of the pale-yellow pattern, with the paratype from Ambohimahavelona having narrower and more irregular markings; the female from Isantoria River has the tegula pale-yellow in the posterior half.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB0FF9EFF0AFB4007A6C418.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Toliara (Fig. 65 C).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FFB0FF9EFF0AFB4007A6C418.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the three-color pattern of this species, which is black with red and yellow markings. Genus Malagassodynerus Gusenleitner, 1992	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF8CFF98FF0AFD9606F5C206.taxon	description	(Figs 42, 65 D)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF8CFF98FF0AFD9606F5C206.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognized by the following combination of characters: clypeus broadly and shallowly emarginate (Fig. 42 A), mesosoma elongate and almost parallel-sided (Fig. 42 A), anterior margin of pronotum broad V-shaped (Fig. 42 D), mesepisternum with blunt epicnemial carina abruptly separating it from epicnemium (Fig. 42 C), T 1 shallowly depressed in apical half and with duplicated margin (Fig. 42 E), S 2 evenly convex in lateral view, pattern dark brown-red with few pale markings on face of male (Fig. 42 A). The morphology of mesosoma, pronotum and T 1 allow an immediate identification within Malagassodynerus.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF8CFF98FF0AFD9606F5C206.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2081312 // MADAGASCAR: Toliara / Forêt Vohidava 88.9 km N / Amboasary, 6 – 8 Dec 2006 / 24 ° 14 ' 26 " S 46 ° 17 ' 16 " E / Coll: B. L. Fisher et al. // CASLOT 035404 / malaise, 500 m / BLF 15694 // Malagassodynerus concolor / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21758).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF8CFF98FF0AFD9606F5C206.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype (Fig. 42 B). Body length 10.0 mm; fore wing length 9.0 mm. Head 1.2 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.05 × as wide as long, free apical part about half as long as interocular part, apical margin emarginate and 0.3 × as wide as clypeus, emargination 3.2 × as wide as deep, apical teeth triangular and pointed with very short and week carinae; clypeus in lateral view evenly and weakly convex. Vertex 2.45 × as long as ocellocular distance, almost evenly flattened in lateral view. Gena 0.85 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and sharp, very fine on vertex and becoming progressively stronger on gena, where it is shortly lamellate and thick. F 1 1.8 × as long as wide and 1.4 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 4 slightly longer than wide, F 5 – F 9 subquadrate, F 11 finger-shaped, in lateral view evenly and weakly curved and rounded at apex, reaching base of F 8, in dorsal view curved outwards, F 4 – F 8 slightly nodose in lateral view. Mesosoma 1.4 × as long as wide, almost parallel-sided and weakly converging anteriorly. Pronotum with straight and weakly converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate, becoming very blunt below pronotal fovea, in dorsal view it is broadly V-shaped and projection anteriorly on humeri, in anterior view the carina is emarginated in a V-shape in the middle; pretegular carina well-developed and sharp. Mesoscutum evenly and weakly convex in lateral view. Scutellum very weakly convex but with anterior margin distinctly placed above level of mesoscutum, anterior margin crenulate even if little evident in median third; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as wide as an ocellar diameter. Metanotum strongly sloping, nearly vertical, and evenly convex. Tegula slightly longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe short and right-angled, not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and strongly curved in apical half, shallowly depressed medially. Mesepisternum weakly and dorsoventrally evenly convex, abruptly separated from epicnemium by very blunt epicnemial carina running for most of its length below epipleural suture; epimeron weakly projecting at its lower end. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum produced in a sharp margin slightly lobate at posterior end. Propodeum short, in lateral view falling nearly vertically from posterior margin of metanotum; dorsal faces of propodeum widely separated above and nearly vertical, separated from posterior depression only by a shallow angled and change in sculpture; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, posterodorsally margined by blunt lateral carina markedly separating them from dorsal faces; posterior face of propodeum concave, forming two transverse pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line with short and narrow basal fovea, about one-third as long as median length of metanotum, strongly but bluntly carinate below; submarginal carina of propodeum forming a short rounded lobe at upper end of valvula, with which it is completely fused. T 1 in dorsal view subtriangular, with weakly convex and anteriorly converging sides, about as long as apically wide; T 1 in lateral view raising obliquely behind insertion of suspensory ligament, weakly bulging just behind middle, and then weakly depressed up to shallowly reflexed apical margin; apical margin of T 1 thickened and duplicated, with a preapical shallowly reflexed ridge separated from the apical translucent margin by a steep step. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide and with convex sides, distinctly wider than T 1 and much wider apically than basally; apical margin of T 2 somewhat duplicated, with an extremely shallow preapical ridge. S 2 in lateral view evenly convex. Head and mesosoma with deep punctures, interspaces densely micropunctate and very narrow on frons and about as wide as puncture diameter on mesosoma; clypeus with rounded shallow punctures, interspaces micropunctate and mostly wider than puncture diameter; mesepisternum with wider interspaces and micropunctures less marked; punctures on metanotum smaller and denser; propodeum matte due to shagreen and micropunctures, dorsal faces with punctures similar to metanotum but sparser, posterior face irregularly punctate and shallowly striate, lateral faces with scattered small punctures. Metasoma silky-shiny due to fine shagreen; T 1 with very fine and scattered punctures on anterior sloping part, then with deep oblique punctures of variable size and density; T 2 with oblique punctures, very fine and sparse basally and becoming progressively larger and denser apically and on sides; T 3 – T 5 with dense and deep punctures, finer basally and coarser apically; T 6 – T 7 with scattered fine punctures, little visible on T 7; S 1 with sparse deep punctures; S 2 similar to T 2 but punctures deeper and sparser; S 3 – S 7 with punctures much sparser than on respective tergites. Covered in short pale brown-yellow pubescence, generally short and appressed and visible in incident light, with short erect setae on frons and long fine setae on sides of propodeum; pubescence on propodeum denser and slightly longer, pointing upward on dorsal faces and then curving to point downward on posterior face; pubescence on metasoma dust-like, with short erect setae on T 3 – T 7 and apex of tergites; apical margin of S 7 with a dense and regular brush of yellowish-white setae. Dark red-brown, brighter on head, mesoscutum, upper plate of mesepisternum, apical tergites and sternites, and legs. Basal triangle of mandible, apical half of clypeus and interantennal space pale yellow. Wings hyaline with very weak yellowish tinge, venations darker at extreme base and apex, very pale in the middle. Female. Unknown.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF8CFF98FF0AFD9606F5C206.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 65 D).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF8CFF98FF0AFD9606F5C206.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective “ concolor ” (= of uniform color), in reference to the monochromatic meso- and metasoma, lacking the yellow markings of the similar M. scutellatus.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF8AFF95FF0AFB6D0153C5DE.taxon	description	(Figs 43, 65 E)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF8AFF95FF0AFB6D0153C5DE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognized by the following combination of characters: clypeus narrowly and deeply incised (Fig. 43 A), mesepisternum completely rounded without the slightest hint of epicnemial carina (Fig. 43 E), pattern with abundant yellow and green markings (Figs 43 A, B; 43 D), female head grossly enlarged with a large, modified area covering most of vertex (Fig. 43 F). The shape of the clypeus allows an immediate identification within Malagassodynerus. The pattern is very similar to that of M. scutellatus, which is known only from the male holotype, but this species differs from the male of M. monstruosus as follows: apical emargination of clypeus larger and as broad as deep, gena less convex in dorsal view, apical flagellomeres nodose on ventral side, mesepisternum with blunt but distinct epicnemial carina, T 1 in lateral view more convex in the middle, sides of mesosoma and tergites with much denser and deeper punctures, pattern more vividly yellow and without green markings, clypeus with yellow apical half.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF8AFF95FF0AFB6D0153C5DE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ MADAGASCAR: Amtsora- / nana, Marojejy, 10.5 km NW / Manantenina, XI. 6 – 12.96 / 1,625 m, E. Quinter // [QR code] AMNH _ IZC 00445386 // Malagassodynerus monstruosus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC 00445386). PARATYPES: Antsiranana, Marojejy, 11 km NW of Manantenina, 14.436656 S 49.741655 E, 1225 m, 25. X – 3. XI. 1996, leg. E. Quinter, 1 ♀ (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC 00445385); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, radio tower at forest edge, 21.250853 S 47.407155 E, 1130 m, 4 – 12. II. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046458).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF8AFF95FF0AFB6D0153C5DE.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype (Fig. 43 B). Body length 10.5 mm; fore wing length 10.0 mm. Head 1.25 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1 × as wide as long, free apical part about half as long as interocular part, apical margin deeply incised and 0.2 × as wide as clypeus, incision as wide as deep, apical teeth subtriangular and strongly convex, area above incision with a shallow longitudinal depression; clypeus in lateral view almost flattened, barely convex in basal third. Vertex 1.45 × as long as ocellocular distance, shallowly convex in lateral view and sloping posteriorly. Gena 1.2 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus and strongly convex in dorsal view; occipital carina complete and sharp, fine on vertex and becoming stronger on gena, where it is shortly lamellate and curved in ventral half. F 1 2.4 × as long as wide and 1.5 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 8 longer than wide and becoming proportionally shorter, F 9 subquadrate, F 11 finger-shaped, in lateral view very weakly curved and rounded at apex, reaching middle of F 8, in dorsal view straight. Mandible short and robust, with first two tooth subtriangular and separated from broad and short third tooth by a rounded incision. Mesosoma short and robust, 1.3 × as long as wide. Pronotum with straight and strongly converging sides; pronotal carina complete, shortly lamellate above and blunt below pronotal fovea, lamellate portion shorter on middle and on humeri, humeri in dorsal view right-angled; pretegular carina well-developed and sharp, replaced by a deep furrow in front of pronotal lobe. Mesoscutum with shallow notauli in posterior half, becoming deeper in front of scutellum. Scutellum distinctly convex with anterior margin slightly bulging, mid-line shallowly impressed, anterior margin strongly and regularly crenulate; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as wide as an ocellar diameter. Metanotum with a very short and irregular horizontal face followed by a much longer vertical face, the two faces are bluntly separated. Tegula slightly longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe very short and obtuse with blunt apex, not equaling parategula; parategula oblique and depressed on inner face. Mesepisternum evenly convex from anterior to posterior margin, smoothly passing into epicnemium due to complete absence of epicnemial carina; epimeron weakly angularly projecting at its lower end. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum produced in a low and blunt ridge. Propodeum short, in lateral view weakly convex and strongly sloping; dorsal faces of propodeum nearly vertical and reaching submarginal carina, not clearly separated from posterior depression; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, separated from dorsal faces in the dorsal half by strong but blunt lateral carinae but smoothly passing into dorsal faces in ventral half; posterior face of propodeum very weakly concave and forming a sinuate surface with dorsal faces, mid-line with short and narrow basal fovea about half as long as median length of metanotum, barely carinate just below fovea; submarginal carina of propodeum complete above orifice but completely and smoothly fused with valvulae. T 1 in dorsal view triangular and subpetiolate, weakly bell-shaped, sides evenly and strongly converging, longer than apically wide; T 1 in lateral view with dorsal margin very weakly raising from suspensory ligament to just behind middle, then flattened; posterior third of T 1 with a shallow and wide longitudinal furrow; apical margin of T 1 shallowly thickened with a short hyaline apical border. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide, sides convex and evenly diverging, strongly wider than T 1 and much wider apically than basally; apical margin of T 2 simple. S 2 evenly and strongly convex in lateral view; S 2 with a shallow longitudinal furrow covering its basal half. Mid femur dorsoventrally flattened, more markedly in basal fourth. Head and mesosoma with deep punctures, interspaces densely micropunctate and shagreened, very matte; clypeus densely micropunctate and shagreened, with scattered fine punctures more visible basally; frons and most of vertex very densely punctured, interspaces reduced to irregular ridges, becoming wider on posterior part of vertex and reaching several puncture diameters on gena; dorsal side of mesosoma with interspaces reaching one puncture diameter; mesepisternum with very scattered punctures, all interspaces equal to several puncture diameters; dorsal faces of propodeum with deep punctures smaller than on mesoscutum, very dense on dorsomedial angle and becoming very sparse laterally; lateral faces of propodeum very finely microstriate with scattered small punctures; posterior face of propodeum with hints of short oblique striation. T 1 sparsely micropunctate and weakly shagreened, weakly shiny, with deep oblique punctures denser on sides; T 2 densely micropunctate and less shiny that T 1, with oblique punctures larger and deeper basally and becoming smaller and shallower apically; T 3 – T 7 densely shagreened and matte with sparse punctures becoming progressively finer; S 1 with small deep punctures posteriorly; S 2 similar to T 2 but punctures deeper and less oblique; S 3 – S 7 similar to respective tergites but punctures less evident. Dorsal side of head and mesosoma with bright golden pubescence, with erect apically bent setae which are longer on frons; clypeus and sides of mesosoma with similar vestiture but much paler; propodeum with longer white pubescence and on sides with long fine setae; tergites with brassy dust-like pubescence, long erect setae on T 1 and scattered short oblique setae on T 2 – T 6, T 7 with dense erect short setae; S 1 with erect fine setae becoming longer posteriorly, S 2 – S 7 with pubescence becoming longer and more erect, the last sternites with dense pads of pubescence, and with oblique to erect setae with bent apex; apical margin of S 7 with brush of yellow long setae. Black, with dark green tinge on the following parts: most of face, mandible, scape, line along gena, around yellow markings of pronotum, in middle of mesoscutum, margins of metanotum, legs from middle of femora; pronotum, scutellum and metanotum almost entirely bright yellow; margins of T 1 and most of S 1 with bright yellowish-green markings. Wings hyaline with orange tinge. Female (Fig. 43 D). Larger than male (body length 12.5 – 13.0 mm) and differing as follows: head grossly enlarged and wider than mesosoma, in frontal view genae exceeding outer margin of eyes and vertex angularly projecting just behind ocelli; clypeus more narrowly incised and with coarser punctures; mandible large and robust with regular dentation, gena 1.8 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus and strongly convex, in dorsal view 1.65 × as long as dorsal lobe of eye; vertex 2.25 × as long as ocellocular distance, almost entirely covered by a raised modified area which is matte, impunctate and covered in dense long setae, anterior margin of modified area raised in a strong transverse ridge; scutellum less convex; metanotum more distinctly produced at anterior margin; lateral carinae of propodeum less developed to nearly absent; pubescence generally shorter; pronotum, scutellum and metanotum more largely yellow, green tinge brighter. Variability. The female paratype from Marojejy matches with the holotype in most characters, excluding those reported above and relatable to sexual dimorphism and in having a suffused dark orange marking in the middle of the apical margins of T 2 and T 3. The female paratype from Ranomafana differs from the other female in having denser punctures on the metasoma, the modified area on vertex is black (dark red in the female from Marojejy) and the markings on propodeum and T 1 are much more extensive. These differences are here considered as simple intraspecific variability, since the two females match in all other characters.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF8AFF95FF0AFB6D0153C5DE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa (Fig. 65 E).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF8AFF95FF0AFB6D0153C5DE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective “ monstruosus, - a, - um ” (= strange, monstrous), in reference to the monstrous appearance of the head of this species. Notes. The male holotype presents a peculiar morphology of clypeus and mandible (Fig. 43 C), normally observed in the males of many genera or subgenera of Eumeninae but also in the rare aberrant specimens defined as oplomerocephalic (Blüthgen 1958). In this case the morphology of the clypeus of the male is substantially identical to that of the two female paratypes, indicating that it could also be the normal morphology of the male. The examination of more material will allow clarification of whether Malagassodynerus monstruosus normally presents this morphology or if the holotype is an oplomerocephalic male.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF87FF96FF0AFBD500E8C6CA.taxon	description	(Figs 2 E, 2 J, 44, 65 F)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF87FF96FF0AFBD500E8C6CA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognized by the following combination of characters: apical margin of clypeus very narrowly truncate (Fig. 44 A), mesosoma elongate with sides converging anteriorly and posteriorly (Fig. 44 A), mesepisternum without a distinct epicnemial carina but angled below epipleural suture (Fig. 44 C), S 2 in lateral view more strongly convex basally (Fig. 44 E), sculpture made of dense and deep punctures with most interspaces reduced to narrow ridges (Fig. 44 C), female head not grossly modified and with cephalic foveae placed in a flattened undifferentiated area (Fig. 44 D), pattern black and wine-red with extensive pale-yellow markings on face and first two segments of metasoma (Figs 44 A, B).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF87FF96FF0AFBD500E8C6CA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2081299 // MADAGASCAR: Prov. / Antananarivo, 46 km NE of / Ankazobe: Ambohitantely / 7 – 22 Dec 2004, 700 m / 18 ° 11.88 ' S 47 ° 16.89 ' E / colls: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 035371 / malaise, in sclerophyll / forest MA- 27 - 23 // Malagassodynerus pulcher / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21759). PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 3 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2081301, CASENT 2081302; MSVI, code CASENT 2081300); same locality as holotype, 22 – 29. XI. 2003, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081279; MSVI, code CASENT 2081276); same locality as holotype, 15. X – 1. XI. 2004, 3 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2081285, CASENT 2081291; MSVI, code CASENT 2081292).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF87FF96FF0AFBD500E8C6CA.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 44 B). Body length 11.5 mm; fore wing length 11.5 mm. Head 1.2 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1 × as wide as long, free apical part shorter than interocular part, apical margin subtruncate and very narrow, 0.17 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth only indicated by an extremely short carina, otherwise completely fused with a translucent margin bordering the whole free apical part, translucent margin thickened and reflexed in basal two-fifths of lateral margins; clypeus in lateral view barely convex with shallowly depressed preapical area. Vertex 2.0 × as long as ocellocular distance, very weakly convex in lateral view and sloping in posterior half; distance between cephalic foveae slightly wider than one ocellar diameter, foveae placed in an impunctate but otherwise not defined area slightly wider than the distance between posterior ocelli. Gena as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and sharp, very fine on vertex and becoming stronger on gena, where it is shortly lamellate and thick and forms a rounded angle in lower third. F 1 1.8 × as long as wide and 1.4 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 4 longer than wide, F 5 – F 9 subquadrate. Mesosoma 1.3 × as long as wide. Pronotum with straight and converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate, almost disappearing in the middle and becoming blunt below pronotal fovea; pretegular carina complete but irregular and blunt. Mesoscutum with notauli visible as very shallow impressions at anterior and posterior ends. Scutellum weakly convex but anteriorly raised and placed above level of mesoscutum, anterior margin crenulate; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as wide as an ocellar diameter. Metanotum almost vertical and very weakly convex, anterior margin sharp and in touch with scutellum for whole width. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly and weakly convex, posterior lobe short and right-angled with pointed apex, not equaling parategula; parategula evenly curved and narrow, with depressed inner margin. Mesepisternum abruptly separated from epicnemium, epicnemial carina not developed but indicated by an angle of the surface below epipleural suture; epimeron shallowly produced at its lower end. Dorsal margin of metaepisternum in a subtriangular shelf ending in a tubercle at its posterior end. Propodeum short and weakly convex in lateral view, falling almost vertically below posterior margin of metanotum; dorsal faces of propodeum widely separated behind metanotum and falling vertically, smoothly passing into posterior face; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, smoothly passing into dorsal faces in lower half and separated in dorsal half, but lateral carinae completely absent; posterior face of propodeum elongate and shallowly depressed, mid-line with short and narrow basal fovea about half as long as median length of metanotum, strongly and sharply carinate below; submarginal carina of propodeum produced at sides but smoothly passing into valvula. T 1 in dorsal view subtriangular with strongly convex sides, about as long as apically wide; T 1 in lateral view rising obliquely in anterior half, then flattened, almost forming two faces that smoothly pass into each other; apical margin of T 1 simple, with a very narrow translucent border. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide and with convex sides, wider than T 1 and slightly wider apically than basally; apical margin of T 2 with narrow and indistinct translucent border. S 2 in lateral view more convex in basal half than apically, anteriorly with a semicircular flattened and sloping area that bears a very shallow median furrow. Head and mesosoma with deep and dense punctures, larger on mesosoma, interspaces narrower than punctures and forming a network of ridges; clypeus with sparse punctures becoming deeper and more evident basally, almost impunctate at apical margin; tegula densely micropunctate with scattered deep punctures on inner margin and posterior lobe; lower plate of metaepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum with deep small punctures arranged in irregular series, punctures of the same series often partially fused; posterior face of propodeum with shallow indications of oblique striae mixed with punctures, impunctate and shagreened along median carina. Metasoma with smaller punctures; T 1 almost impunctate on anterior sloping part, then punctures becoming larger and denser apically, lateral margins with much smaller punctures; T 2 with punctures similar to T 1 but more oblique, widely spaced in middle of base and becoming denser apically and laterally, leaving a very short impunctate apical margin; T 3 – T 5 with small deep punctures, finer basally and becoming coarser apically; T 6 micropunctate with scattered shallow punctures; S 1 with irregular deep punctures; S 2 – S 5 similar to respective tergites but punctures sparser, on S 2 slightly larger; S 6 more distinctly micropunctate than T 6. Covered in very short and pale pubescence, dense but nor clearly visible due to its shortness, brownish on dorsal parts of head and mesosoma; frons and dorsal sides of mesosoma with long erect setae bent at apex; clypeus with ventrally pointing long and curved setae; sides of mesosoma and propodeum with long straight setae, much longer and denser on propodeum; metasoma with dust-like light brassy pubescence and erect white setae, longer on T 1 and very short on T 2 – T 6, on sternites similar to respective tergites but longer and much denser. Black; following parts dark-red: suffused band along inner eye margin and passing onto ocellar region and cephalic foveae, most of gena, most of pronotum except ventral corners, scutellum except anterior margin, posterior half of metanotum, tegula, rounded spot on mesepisternum below pronotal lobe, tibiae and tarsi, sides and posterior half of T 1, base of T 2, most of T 3 – T 6 and S 3 – S 6; following parts ivory-yellow: medial half of mandible, clypeus, interantennal space, antennocular space, bisinuate and laterally expanded apical band on T 1, irregular and laterally expanded band covering almost the apical half of T 2, small median spot on T 3, S 2 except basal sloping area. Wings hyaline with orange tinge, almost amber-like. Male. Unknown. Variability. The pattern of this species is remarkably constant, with only the apical bands of T 1 – T 2 and S 2 varying in width, with the holotype being the more richly marked specimen examined. The clypeus can be spotted with dark-red at base, the spot ranging from a small dot to a transverse spot as wide as the interantennal space. Only one paratype has red markings distributed as in the holotype but brighter.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF87FF96FF0AFBD500E8C6CA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo (Fig. 65 F).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF87FF96FF0AFBD500E8C6CA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective “ pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum ” (= beautiful), in references to the peculiar and beautiful pattern of this species.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF83FF91FF0AFF7C03DAC40A.taxon	description	(Figs 45 A – D, 65 G)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF83FF91FF0AFF7C03DAC40A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ MADAGASCAR: / Perinet / XI- 7 - 1959 // E. S. Ross / Collector // Holotypus [red label] // Malagassodynerus ♂ / scutellatus nov. sp. / J. Gusenleitner, det. 1992 // California Academy / of Sciences / Type No. 16820 ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 16820).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF83FF91FF0AFF7C03DAC40A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toamasina (Gusenleitner 1992) (Fig. 65 G). Notes. No specimens were available for direct examination and photography, so it was not possible to produce a standard plate as done for other species. Images of the holotype were provided by Denise Montelongo (CAS) and are presented in Figs 45 A – D.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF83FF90FF0AFD6207A7C2FE.taxon	description	(Figs 45 E, 65 H)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF83FF90FF0AFD6207A7C2FE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa (Giordani Soika 1941, 1973; Gusenleitner 1995, 2000) (Fig. 65 H). Genus Malgachemenes Gusenleitner, 1992, stat. resurr.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF82FF8DFF0AFAF40702C7E2.taxon	description	(Figs 46, 65 I)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF82FF8DFF0AFAF40702C7E2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Malgachemenes aberrans is readily differentiated from the other species of Malgachemenes by the following characters: submarginal carina of propodeum developed in a sharply pointed lobe fused with propodeal valvula (Fig. 46 C), basally carinate T 1 (Fig. 46 D), T 2 – T 3 with regular long lamella not reduced to lateral flaps (Fig. 46 E), T 3 – T 5 with deep transverse furrow running in the area covered by previous tergite, S 2 shallowly depressed on disc, and large cephalic foveae (Figs 46 F, G).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF82FF8DFF0AFAF40702C7E2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2081403 // MADAGASCAR: Majunga / Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N / of Maevatanana on RN 04 / 43 m, 19 – 26 Oct 2003 / 16 ° 19.16 ' S " 46 ° 48.80 ' E / R. Harin’Hala, col. // CASLOT 016560 / malaise in deciduous / forest MA- 25 - 20 // Malgachemenes aberrans / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21760). PARATYPES: same locality as holotype, 24 – 31. VIII. 2003, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2153771); same locality as holotype, 28. IX – 5. X. 2003, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153675).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF82FF8DFF0AFAF40702C7E2.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 46 B). Body length 7.5 mm; fore wing length 6.0 mm. Head as wide as high and with vertex visible in frontal view. Clypeus in frontal view 1.05 × as wide as long, apical margin shallowly emarginate and 0.28 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth obtuse; clypeus in lateral view weakly convex in basal half, then flattened to apex. Vertex 1.75 × as long as ocellocular distance, distinctly swollen in lateral view; cephalic foveae large and deep, separated by about their diameter and posteriorly margined by a blunt ridge. Gena 0.6 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, stronger on gena and markedly angled in the lower half of gena; area below occipital carina on vertex developing a long vertical face ventrally margined by a second carina, distance between carinae higher than one ocellar diameter. Flagellum short and apically thickened, F 1 1.35 × as long as wide and 1.4 × as long as F 2, following flagellomeres becoming progressively shorter and wider. Mesosoma 1.65 × as long as wide and almost parallel-sided in dorsal view, subcylindrical, in lateral view forming an evenly flattened surface from pronotum to propodeal shelf. Pronotum with weakly convex and slightly converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, with lamella slightly longer on humeri than medially, lateral portions strongly anteroposteriorly oblique, sinuate below pronotal fovea; pretegular carina absent. Mesoscutum longer than wide, posterior margin with hints of notauli partly concealed by the sculpture. Scutellum almost twice as wide as long, weakly convex laterolaterally, anterior margin shallowly crenulate; axillary fossa small and circular, about half as large as anterior ocellus. Metanotum entirely flattened with medially produced posterior margin. Tegula short with broadly rounded outer margin, posterior lobe obtusely angled and blunt, not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and barely curved. Mesepisternum forming an evenly curved surface in continuity with pronotum and mesosternum, slightly bulging along posterior margin; epicnemial carina absent, replaced by a very shallow fold of the surface, visible only under incident light. Propodeum elongate, longer than metanotum in dorsal view, sides weakly converging in anterior half, then strongly converging behind posterolateral angles of propodeum; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly sloping mediolaterally and meeting for a short length behind metanotum, forming a rudimentary propodeal shelf that smoothly passes into the posterior concavity; lateral faces of propodeum shallowly concave, dorsally margined by very blunt lateral carinae; posterior face of propodeum flattened and vertical in dorsal half, then forming two deep pits just above propodeal orifice, pits separated by a strong but blunt longitudinal carina; submarginal carina of propodeum developed in a pointed and slightly upturned lobe fused with propodeal valvula. T 1 in dorsal view bell-shaped and slightly longer than apically wide; anterior margin transversely carinate, carina strong dorsally and weakly curved toward spiracles but not reaching them, carina separating a very short vertical anterior face and a much longer horizontal posterior face, horizontal face evenly convex in lateral view; apical margin of T 1 with a thick and long translucent lamella, partly continuing on lateral margins; sides of T 1 meeting ventrally on basal stalk. T 2 elongate and with strongly convex sides, apically much wider than T 1; apical margin of T 2 with a thick and regular yellow-translucent lamella, about twice as long as apical lamella of T 1. T 3 apically lamellate like T 2, but lamella shorter and laterally forming thick lamellar flaps adjacent to the surface of the tergite, anterior extremity of the flaps continuing in a thick transverse carina hidden under previous tergite, transverse carina anteriorly bordering a deep and coarsely punctate, medially interrupted transverse furrow. T 4 – T 5 with lateral lamellar flaps and basal transverse furrow similar to T 3, but apical margin not lamellate. S 2 with shallowly concave disc, in lateral view with a shallow bulge delimiting an anterior sloping face and a posterior concave face; apical margins of S 2 – S 5 with ill-defined apical translucent margin. Head and mesosoma with coarse deep punctures, interspaces mostly reduced to ridges much narrower than puncture diameter; clypeus more sparsely and finely punctured, interspaces at least as wide as puncture diameter and shiny, sparsely micropunctate; punctures becoming progressively sparser ventrally on gena; anterior face of pronotum smooth and very shiny, with some deep punctures on lateral thirds; mesepisternum with larger and sparser punctures, interspaces reaching one puncture diameter in width; lateral faces of propodeum with sparse deep punctures; posterior concavity of propodeum with transverse striae in the ventral pits; tegula mostly smooth, with fine deep punctures on anterior and posterior corners. T 1 punctured similar to head and mesosoma, but interspaces slightly wider and much shinier; T 2 with deep oblique punctures, becoming progressively finer and sparser posteriorly; T 3 – T 6 with coarse irregular punctures, similar to apical third of T 2, becoming more sparsely punctate from T 3 to T 6; S 1 irregularly ridged and punctured; S 2 almost impunctate on basal sloping part, posteriorly with large deep punctures becoming denser on disc; S 3 – S 6 much more finely punctured than respective tergites. Entirely covered in sparse dust-like brownish pubescence, denser but less-evident on metasoma; sternites with short pale bristles apically. Head and mesosoma dark-red, with irregular and undefined brighter and darker markings; clypeus brighter red with paired yellow spots above apical teeth; narrow margin along pronotal carina, posterior spot on tegula, and parategula, pale yellow; pointed lobe of submarginal carina partly white. Metasoma generally brighter: T 1 – T 2 bright red with ivory apical band, T 3 – T 6 and sternites yellowish-orange, S 2 with broad suffused apical ivory band. Legs black from coxa to femur, orange-red on tibia and tarsus. Wings brown-hyaline, slightly darker along anterior margin. Male. Unknown.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF82FF8DFF0AFAF40702C7E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga (Fig. 65 I).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF82FF8DFF0AFAF40702C7E2.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is in reference to the aberrant morphology of this species compared to other Malgachemenes species. It is an adjective. Notes. Although collected in the same locality across a short period of time, the three examined females present differences in pattern, density of punctures on clypeus, development of lateral lobes on tergites and, most notably, cephalic foveae. While the first three characters are subject to variation in other species of Malgachemenes too, the same is not observed for the cephalic foveae morphology. The holotype has the foveae separated by about their diameter (Fig. 46 F), while in the paratypes they are fused in a single median pit (Fig. 46 G). These differences are here regarded as simple intraspecific variability, as the three specimens match in all diagnostic characters.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9FFF8FFF0AFDC900F6C3D6.taxon	description	(Figs 47, 65 J)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9FFF8FFF0AFDC900F6C3D6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Belonging to the group of mostly black Malgachemenes with short mesosoma, wide T 1 and short propodeum, in which it is recognized by a bent outer margin of the tegula (Fig. 47 D), a short apical lamella of T 1 (Fig. 47 C), the lamella of T 2 reduced to lateral lobes (Fig. 47 E), and a densely punctate metasoma (Fig. 47 C).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9FFF8FFF0AFDC900F6C3D6.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2174988 // MADAGASCAR: Tulear / Androimpano Forest / 3 km E of Itampolo / 26 March – 12 April 2009 / 24 ° 39.47 ' S 43 ° 57.37 ' E // California Acad. of Sciences / coll: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala / malaise, path in dry forest / elev 45 m / MG- 54 B- 21 // Malgachemenes albellus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21761). PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2174987); Toliara, Ambohimahavelona village 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833 S 43.899667 E, 45 m, 16 – 22. XII. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174899); Toliara, Ambohimahavelona village 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833 S 43.899667 E, 45 m, 28. I – 6. II. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MSVI, codes CASENT 2174894, CASENT 2174895); Toliara, PN de Tsimanampetsotsa, Mitoho Cave, 6.4 km 77 ° ENE of Efoetsy, 17.4 km 170 ° S of Beheloka, 24.047222 S 43.753056 E, 40 m, 18 – 22. III. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081121).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9FFF8FFF0AFDC900F6C3D6.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 47 B). Body length 6.0 mm; fore wing length 5.5 mm. Head 1.2 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1 × as long as wide, apical margin emarginate and 0.35 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth acute and projecting but apically rounded, surface with a pair of blunt longitudinal carinae originating from the apical teeth and delimiting a median depressed area; clypeus in lateral view barely convex in upper third, then straight to apex. Vertex 1.85 × as long as ocellocular distance, weakly sloping posteriorly; cephalic foveae very fine and close to each other, housed in a small and barely differentiated area with ridged posterior margin, placed much closer to ocelli than to occipital carina. Gena 0.7 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete and of even height for whole length, barely angled in lower half of gena. Flagellum distinctly thickened towards apex, F 1 1.3 × as long as wide and 1.3 × as long as F 2, F 2 subquadrate, F 3 – F 9 becoming progressively shorter and wider. Mesosoma 1.3 × as long as wide, in lateral view forming a more or less even curve from pronotum to propodeum. Pronotum with weakly convex and converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, distinctly bent but not angled on humeri; pretegular carina strong but dull. Mesoscutum with extremely shallow indications of notauli at anterior and posterior extremities. Scutellum wider than long, weakly and evenly convex, anterior margin finely crenulate; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as ocellus. Metanotum strongly sloping, evenly convex with somewhat bulging anterior margin. Tegula short and weakly longer than wide, outer margin straight in anterior third and therefore bulging in front of the middle, posterior lobe almost right-angled with pointed apex and not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and curved in a quarter of circle. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina absent. Propodeum short, in dorsal view much shorter than metanotum and with evenly curved sides, in lateral view barely convex and almost vertical, with dorsal faces place below level of scutellum and metanotum; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly sloping mediolaterally, meeting behind metanotum only with their medial corner; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, dorsally margined by a weak and blunt hint of lateral carina; posterior face of propodeum shallowly depressed, flattened on disc and forming two shallow pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line with very fine and irregular longitudinal fovea on dorsal half; submarginal carina of propodeum not projecting, completely fused with propodeal valvula. T 1 in dorsal view shortly bell-shaped, wider than long, anterior margin evenly rounded; T 1 in lateral view evenly convex basally, then almost flattened to apex but not divided in two distinct parts; apical margin of T 1 with a short hyaline lamella, about as long as one ocellar diameter. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide and with weakly convex sides, not much wider than T 1; apical margin of T 2 somewhat translucent but not lamellate, except for subtriangular hyaline lobes at extreme sides. T 3 – T 5 with lamellar lobes similar to T 2 but becoming progressively smaller and more rounded. S 2 in lateral view evenly and distinctly convex; S 2 – S 5 with irregular translucent margin, more evident than on tergites. Head and mesosoma with deep and dense punctures, interspaces mostly narrower than puncture diameter but becoming wider on gena, metanotum, propodeum and sides of mesosoma; clypeus irregularly and sparsely striate on apical half, with scattered punctures in basal half; tegula sparsely micropunctate with scattered fine punctures; posterior face of propodeum with scattered deep punctures, mid-line with very short transverse striae. T 1 with deep oblique punctures, interspaces variable but mostly as wide as puncture diameter; T 2 – T 5 with fine deep punctures, interspaces shorter than puncture diameter on T 2 and becoming progressively wider on following tergites; S 1 with sparse deep punctures; S 2 – S 5 with scattered punctures, becoming progressively finer. Covered in short pale-brownish pubescence, dust-like on metasoma; some longer pale setae on propodeum and sternites. Black; following parts ivory-white: clypeus, mandible except inner margin, subquadrate spot above interantennal space, inner eye margin from clypeus to whole ocular sinus, elongate marking covering most of gena, anterior band on pronotum shortly continuing on lateral faces, narrow and slightly converging longitudinal lines on median third of mesoscutum, tegula except reddish-hyaline central spot, parategula, lamella bordering axillary fossa, anterior two-thirds of metanotum, upper plate of mesepisternum, small posterior spot on lower plate of mesepisternum, elongate markings running from anterolateral corners of propodeum to propodeal valvulae, apical band on T 1 connected to subtriangular lateral spots, sinuate and laterally expanded apical band on T 2 – T 5, rounded spots on sides of T 2, lateral margins of S 1, most of S 2 except black triangle with base on the basal margin and apex in the middle of the apical margin, sinuate and bilobate bands on S 3 – S 5, ventral face of coxae, outer face of legs from trochanter to basitarsus except hind femur. Some of the markings on meso- and metasoma are narrowly margined with a red suffusion. Lower face of antenna and most of T 6 and S 6 ferruginous-red. Wings hyaline with brownish tinge becoming stronger apically. Male. Differing from female as follows: clypeus as long as wide and with apical emargination mostly filled by a translucent lamella, shiny with scattered punctures; F 11 narrow and digitiform with tapering apex, reaching base of F 9; S 7 with apical dense brush of golden-red setae; punctures on head and mesosoma slightly larger and sparser; mesoscutum without lines, scutellum with lateral ivory-white spots, T 2 without lateral spots. Variability. The female paratype from Mitoho Cave differs from the holotype by absence of pale markings on mesoscutum and lower plate of mesepisternum. The paratypes from Ambohimahavelona differ from the holotype and paratype from Androimpano by the following characters: male clypeus with emargination not filled by lamella, female clypeus with dark brown spots on disc, more rounded spot above interantennal space, mesoscutum and lower plate of mesepisternum entirely black, apical band of T 1 less expanded laterally, T 2 without lateral spots, dark red largely replacing black ground color on propodeum and metasoma, T 3 – T 6 and S 3 – S 6 with reduced pale markings.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9FFF8FFF0AFDC900F6C3D6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 65 J).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9FFF8FFF0AFDC900F6C3D6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet derives from the Latin adjective “ albus, - a, - um ” (= white), in reference to the whitish markings of this species. It is an adjective.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9DFF8EFF0AF9DD07A6C6CA.taxon	description	(Figs 48, 65 K)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9DFF8EFF0AF9DD07A6C6CA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ MADAGASCAR: / Ankarafantsika / (Forest Reserve) / near Marovoay / XII- 1 - 1959 // E. S. Ross / Collector // Malgachemenes ♀ / angustus nov. sp. / J. Gusenleitner, det. 1992 // Holotypus [red label] // California Academy / of Sciences / Type No. 16821 ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 16821).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9DFF8EFF0AF9DD07A6C6CA.taxon	description	Description of male (hitherto unknown). Habitus in Fig. 48 B. Differing from the female as follows: clypeus 1.05 × as wide as long and barely emarginate at apex, apical margin of clypeus translucent, F 11 parallel-sided with rounded apex in dorsal view and claw-shaped with bluntly pointed apex in lateral view, reaching basal margin of F 9, mesosoma shorter, propodeum more convex above (Fig. 48 C), lateral lamellar flaps on T 3 – T 5 narrower but more projecting, mandible, labrum, clypeus, interantennal space, inner eye margin, outer face of fore and mid femora, and outer face of fore tibia whitish-yellow.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9DFF8EFF0AF9DD07A6C6CA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana *, Fianarantsoa *, Mahajanga, Toliara * (Gusenleitner 1992) (Fig. 65 K).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9CFF8BFF0AF9C9019AC72E.taxon	description	(Figs 49, 65 L)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9CFF8BFF0AF9C9019AC72E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Malgachemenes divinus is readily differentiated from the other species of Malgachemenes by its yellow and green pattern, together with the following morphological characters: tricarinate clypeus with convex apical margin (Fig. 49 C), lamellae of tergites barely developed (Fig. 49 E), and cephalic foveae widely separated and placed in a wide micropunctate area (Fig. 49 D).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9CFF8BFF0AF9C9019AC72E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2118465 // MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana / Province SAVA Region / Vohemar Dist., Antsahabelela / rain forest, 9 km SW Daraina / Binara 11 – 19 Jan 2011 / 13 ° 15.03 ' S 49 ° 37.00 ' E // California Acad. Of Sciences / coll: M. Irwin, R. Harin’Hala / malaise, in humid forest / elev 182 m / MG- 58 - 15 // Malgachemenes divinus / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21762).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9CFF8BFF0AF9C9019AC72E.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 49 B). Body length 7.5 mm; fore wing length 7.0 mm. Head 1.05 × as wide as high and with vertex visible in frontal view. Clypeus in frontal view as wide as long, apical margin weakly convex and 0.35 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth obtuse and blunt with longitudinal carinae running up to basal third of clypeus, basal third of clypeus with median longitudinal carina continuing into interantennal carina; clypeus in lateral view weakly and evenly convex. Vertex 3 × as long as ocellocular distance, weakly swollen in lateral view; cephalic foveae very fine and separated by about four times their diameter, placed in a slightly raised modified area which is slightly longer than one ocellar diameters and wider than ocellar triangle, surface of modified area densely micropunctate and bearing a pair of wide tufts of setae. Gena 0.7 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, shortly lamellate on upper part of gena and fine on vertex, curved in lower half of gena; area below occipital carina on vertex forming a long vertical face, almost as long as two ocellar diameters. Flagellum short and apically thickened, F 1 1.4 × as long as wide and 1.7 × as long as F 2, following flagellomeres shorter than wide and becoming progressively wider. Mesosoma 1.6 × as long as wide and almost parallel-sided in dorsal view, subcylindrical, in lateral view forming an evenly and weakly curved surface from pronotum to propodeum. Pronotum with weakly converging sides; pronotal carina complete and shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, fine and almost straight on lateral portions; pretegular carina absent. Scutellum almost twice as wide as long, weakly and evenly convex laterolaterally, anterior margin furrowed in the median third and finely crenulate laterally; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as anterior ocellus. Metanotum weakly sloping. Tegula short with weakly rounded outer margin, posterior lobe slightly acute but apically blunt, not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and oblique with slightly bent apex. Mesepisternum forming an evenly curved surface in continuity with pronotum and mesosternum, bluntly and shortly carinate along median third of posterior margin; epicnemial carina replaced by a very shallow fold of the surface, visible only under incident light. Propodeum elongate, slightly longer than metanotum in dorsal view, sides slightly angled in the middle; dorsal faces of propodeum sloping mediolaterally and partly developed behind metanotum, but not meeting in the middle and not forming a propodeal shelf; lateral faces of propodeum barely concave, dorsally margined by a blunt hint of lateral carinae; posterior face of propodeum weakly sloping and barely concave, except for pair of deep pits above propodeal orifice, mid line with shallow and narrow fovea on dorsal half, replaced by sharp and high carina ventrally; submarginal carina of propodeum fused with valvula but forming a short translucent rounded lobe. T 1 in dorsal view trapezoidal and slightly wider than long, anterior margin weakly rounded; T 1 in lateral view clearly forming an oblique anterior face and a shallowly depressed horizontal face; apical margin of T 1 with a very short translucent margin, which becomes longer on lateral margins. T 2 elongate with weakly convex sides, apically slightly wider than T 1; apical margin of T 2 with a very short translucent margin, basally margined by a series of very fine punctures. T 3 – T 5 apically similar to T 2; T 3 – T 4 on sides with very short and blunt oblique carinae. S 2 evenly and weakly convex in lateral view, somewhat flattened in middle of basal third; apical margins of S 2 – S 5 with slightly longer lamellae than respective tergites. Head and dorsal side of mesosoma with deep and dense punctures, interspaces mostly reduced to ridges but reaching one puncture diameter in width on scutellum and dorsal faces of propodeum, and several puncture diameters on gena; clypeus densely micropunctate with scattered punctures on disc; mesepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum with smaller and sparser punctures than dorsal side of mesosoma; metaepisternum entirely impunctate; posterior face of propodeum with scattered deep punctures and some oblique striae. Metasoma densely and very finely shagreened, almost velvety; T 1 with deep oblique punctures similar in size to those of propodeum anteriorly, becoming much finer and sparser posteriorly and disappearing before reaching apex; T 2 with oblique punctures, larger and deeper on sides, becoming progressively finer medially and posteriorly, almost disappearing on posterior part of disc; T 3 – T 5 with fine punctures, becoming markedly coarser on sides; S 1 irregularly ridged and punctured; S 2 – S 5 shinier than respective tergites, punctures sparser and slightly more marked. Covered in pale dust-like pubescence, some scattered short setae on whole body, longer fine setae on propodeum, sides of mesosoma, mesosternum and sternites. Almost entirely green, with reduced black areas and extensive yellow markings. Head pale yellowish-green except as follows: green-brown longitudinal band on clypeus, darker green markings on frons and vertex, red modified area of vertex, pale yellow gena, hypostoma and mandible; scape green-brown above and yellow-green below. Mesosoma pale green with the following pale yellow with greenish tinge markings: broad anterior band and narrow posterior margin on pronotum, spots on tegula, apex of parategula, most of scutellum and metanotum, posterior half of mesepisternum and corners of propodeum; mesonotum black with extensive irregular dark green markings. T 1 – T 2 dark green with brighter base and sides, apically with broad yellowish-green bands that partly extend on sides; T 3 – T 6 becoming progressively more yellow; sternite more or less uniformly pale yellow, with weak greenish tinge on S 1 and basal third of S 2. Legs yellowish-green on outer face, brownish-green on inner face. Wings brownish hyaline, with barely darker anterior margin. Male. Unknown.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9CFF8BFF0AF9C9019AC72E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana (Fig. 65 L).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF9CFF8BFF0AF9C9019AC72E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective “ divinus, - a, - um ” (= divine), in reference to the beauty of this species, which has a unique color pattern in the whole subfamily.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF99FF85FF0AFE85000EC5FA.taxon	description	(Figs 50, 65 M)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF99FF85FF0AFE85000EC5FA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Belonging to the group of mostly black Malgachemenes with short mesosoma, wide T 1 and short propodeum, in which it is recognized by an evenly rounded outer margin of the tegula (Fig. 50 D), a long apical lamella of T 1 (Fig. 50 C), a long and reflexed apical lamella of T 2 which laterally extends into lamellar flaps (Fig. 50 E), and a finely and sparsely punctate metasoma (Fig. 50 C).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF99FF85FF0AFE85000EC5FA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2046380 // MADAGASCAR: Mahajanga / Prov. PN Tsingy de Bemaraha / 3.4 km 93 ° E Bekopaka, / Tombeau Vazimba, 50 m, 6 – 10 / Nov 2001, 19 ° 8 ' 31 " S 44 ° 49 ' 41 " E / col Fisher, Griswold et al. // CASLOT 011070 / malaise in tropical dry forest / BLF 4233 // Malgachemenes levigatus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21763).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF99FF85FF0AFE85000EC5FA.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype (Fig. 50 B). Body length 6.5 mm; fore wing length 5.5 mm. Head 1.15 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1 × as long as wide with free apical part much shorter than basal part, apical margin emarginate and 0.3 × as wide a clypeus, apical teeth acute and projecting and very shortly and weakly carinate; clypeus in lateral view barely and evenly convex. Vertex 2 × as long as ocellocular distance, weakly convex and posteriorly sloping. Gena 0.5 × as wide as eye at bottom ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, somewhat angled in the middle of gena; area below occipital carina on vertex forming a very short vertical face, shorter than one ocellar diameter. F 1 1.7 × as long as wide and 1.2 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 9 longer than wide but becoming progressively shorter, F 11 small, somewhat claw-shaped but apically rounded and slightly exceeding middle of F 9. Mesosoma 1.4 × as long as wide, in lateral view almost forming an evenly convex surface from pronotum to propodeum. Pronotum with weakly converging sides; pronotal carina complete, very shortly lamellate on dorsal portion, fine and oblique on lateral portions, shortly interrupted by pronotal fovea, somewhat bent but not angled on humeri; pretegular carina somewhat indicated by a fold of the cuticle. Scutellum not much wider than long, weakly and evenly convex, anterior margin finely crenulate; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as anterior ocellus. Metanotum evenly sloping from scutellum to propodeum and evenly convex. Tegula short and almost as long as wide, outer margin broadly rounded, posterior lobe very short and obtuse, not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and weakly curved. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina absent except for a very short and blunt stretch in lower half. Propodeum short, in dorsal view shorter than metanotum and with evenly curved sides, in lateral view very weakly convex and falling almost vertically; dorsal faces of propodeum strongly sloping mediolaterally and meeting behind metanotum only for a very short and vertical stretch; lateral faces of propodeum shallowly depressed; posterior face of propodeum shallowly depressed in the inferior two thirds and forming two pits above propodeal orifice; mid line with shallow and very fine fovea on dorsal half; submarginal carina of propodeum barely projecting and completely fused with the narrow propodeal valvula. T 1 in dorsal view shortly bell-shaped, slightly shorter than apically wide, anterior margin evenly rounded; T 1 in lateral view more or less evenly and strongly convex, not markedly divided in two parts; apical margin of T 1 with a long hyaline lamella, almost as long as two ocellar diameters. T 2 in dorsal view short with strongly convex sides, apically wider than basally; T 2 in lateral view strongly convex and with obliquely cut-off posterior margin, therefore appearing longer than S 2; apical margin of T 2 with an almost vertical hyaline lamella sharply separated from the rest of the surface and forming rounded lobes on extreme sides. T 3 – T 5 with rounded lamellar flaps on extreme sides, becoming progressively smaller. S 2 somewhat depressed posteriorly, in lateral view regularly and weakly convex, much less convex than T 2. S 3 – S 4 with posterolateral corners depressed and forming small pits that are anteriorly bordered by a sharp margin. Head and mesosoma with deep and irregular punctures, interspaces shiny and variable in width but mostly wider than puncture diameter; clypeus densely micropunctate with scattered shallow punctures; interantennal space and ocular sinus impunctate; mesepisternum and lateral faces of propodeum with deeper and smaller punctures, interspaces as wide as several puncture diameter; tegula smooth and shiny with barely visible micropunctures; dorsal faces of propodeum with punctures becoming denser and deeper medially; posterior face of propodeum with short transverse striae in the middle. T 1 – T 2 very finely shagreened and silky shiny, T 1 with scattered shallow oblique punctures, T 2 largely impunctate with few oblique punctures on margins; T 3 – T 7 micropunctate and shagreened, T 3 – T 5 with very dense and fine punctures; S 1 with sparse punctures; S 2 with scattered deep punctures on whole surface; S 3 – S 5 much more sparsely punctured than respective tergite. Head and mesosoma with very short and sparse pale pubescence, mostly originating from punctures; metasoma with dust-like and dense brownish pubescence. Black with the following parts suffused dark-red: scape, gena, narrow margins of pronotum, tegula, posterior margin of scutellum and metanotum, lateral half of dorsal faces of propodeum, most of sides of mesosoma with brighter marking on upper plate of mesepisternum, most of metasoma except base of segments. Following markings ivory-yellowish: clypeus, mandible except inner margin, interantennal space, inner eye margin from clypeus to upper margin of ocular sinus, fine and irregular longitudinal line on frons, narrow and broadly interrupted line on anterior margin of pronotum, parategula, narrow and regular apical band on T 1 – T 2, posterior corners of S 1, large elliptical spots covering lateral thirds of S 2, spots on all coxae, outer face of all tibiae. Apical margin of T 3 – T 6 and S 3 – S 5 suffused with orange. Wings hyaline with brownish tinge, slightly darker along anterior margin. Female. Unknown.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF99FF85FF0AFE85000EC5FA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga (Fig. 65 M).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF99FF85FF0AFE85000EC5FA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is the Latin adjective “ levigatus, - a, - um ” (= smooth), referring to the smooth and shiny appearance of this species.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF97FF86FF0AFBF10672C478.taxon	description	(Figs 51, 65 N)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF97FF86FF0AFBF10672C478.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Belonging to the group of reddish Malgachemenes with elongate mesosoma, narrow T 1 and elongate propodeum, in which it is recognized by a carinate clypeus (Fig. 51 A), foveate anterior face of pronotum (Fig. 51 D), presence of a propodeal shelf behind the horizontal metanotum (Fig. 51 E), and a densely punctate T 2 (Fig. 51 C).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF97FF86FF0AFBF10672C478.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ CASENT / 2177632 // MADAGASCAR: Toliara / Prov., Ranobe, elev 20 m / 23 ° 02.667 ' S 43 ° 36.917 ' E // 26 – 29 January 2004 / California Acad. of Sciences // colls: Frontier Wilderness / Project, malaise trap, spiny / forest thicket MGF 094 // Malgachemenes lobatus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21764). PARATYPES: MADAGASCAR: same data as holotype, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2177634); Toliara, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626667 E, 180 m, 26. I – 5. II. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2053873; MSVI, code CASENT 2053871); Toliara, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626667 E, 180 m, 28. III – 8. IV. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2118635); Toliara, Androimpano Forest, 3 km E of Itampolo, 24.657833 S 43.956167 E, 45 m, 25. XII. 2008 – 1. I. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2174938); Toliara, Foret de Tsinjoriake, 6.2 km E Tsifota, 22.802222 S 43.420556 E, 70 m, 6 – 10. III. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2046298); Toliara, Ifaty, near Hotel Paradisia in coastal dunes, 23.179667 S 43.616833 E, 9 m, 26. V – 5. VI. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2046442); Toliara, Mikea Forest NW of Manombo, 22.903667 S 43.4755 E, 30 m, 17 – 28. I. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046320); Toliara, Tsimanampetsotsa NP, Mitoho Forest, 24.0485 S 43.752333 E, 120 m, 4 – 12. XII. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2174967); Toliara, Tsimanampetsotsa NP, Mitoho Forest, 24.0485 S 43.752333 E, 120 m, 19 – 27. XII. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2174940); Toliara, Tsimanampetsotsa NP, Mitoho Forest, 24.0485 S 43.752333 E, 120 m, 9 – 15. I. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2174929).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF97FF86FF0AFBF10672C478.taxon	description	Description. Male holotype (Fig. 51 B). Body length 7.5 mm; fore wing length 6.5 mm. Head 1.05 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.15 × as long as wide, apical margin shallowly emarginate and 0.4 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth slightly acute and pointing out, with blunt longitudinal carinae; clypeus in lateral view weakly convex above, then straight to apex. Vertex 1.9 × as long as ocellocular distance, sloping from posterior ocelli to occipital carina. Gena 0.6 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, higher on sides of vertex, more or less evenly curved on gena; area below occipital carina on vertex forming a very short vertical face, shorter than one ocellar diameter. F 1 1.55 × as long as wide and 1.15 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 4 longer than wide, F 5 – F 9 subquadrate, F 11 finger-shaped and thick, apically curved with rounded apex. Mesosoma subcylindrical and 1.7 × as long as wide, in lateral view forming an even surface from pronotum to propodeal shelf, flattened posteriorly. Pronotum with weakly converging sides, slightly sinuate behind pronotal carina; pronotal carina complete, shortly lamellate and becoming higher on humeri, distinctly angled but not acute on humeri; pretegular carina indicated by a blunt fold of the surface; anterior face of pronotum with a rounded fovea medially. Mesoscutum with short and shallow notauli on posterior end. Scutellum not much wider than long, anterior margin furrowed in the middle and crenulate on sides; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as ocellus. Metanotum short and very weakly sloping, posterior margin almost straight. Tegula short and almost as long as wide, outer margin shallowly concave in anterior third and bulging just in front of the middle, posterior lobe short and blunt, not equaling parategula; parategula obliquely flattened and weakly curved. Mesepisternum forming a regularly curved surface with pronotum and mesosternum; epicnemial carina absent. Propodeum elongate, in dorsal view as long as metanotum and with posteriorly bulging sides, in lateral view horizontally produced for a short length and then obliquely sloping; dorsal faces of propodeum weakly sloping mediolaterally, bulging medially where they form a short and rounded propodeal shelf; lateral faces of propodeum shallowly depressed; posterior face of propodeum shallowly and evenly depressed; submarginal carina of propodeum produced in a short lobe completely fused with the propodeal valvula. T 1 in dorsal view bell-shaped, slightly longer than apically wide, anterior margin broadly rounded; T 1 in lateral view evenly convex except for shallow preapical depression; apical margin of T 1 with a long hyaline lamella, longer than one ocellar diameter and slightly projecting on sides. T 2 in dorsal view subquadrate with subparallel sides, about as wide as T 1; apical margin of T 2 with a sharply separated hyaline lamella that is barely developed medially and progressively becomes longer on sides, where it forms short, rounded lobes. T 3 – T 6 with subtriangular and apically rounded lamellar flaps on extreme sides, becoming progressively smaller. S 2 in lateral view regularly and weakly convex. S 3 – S 5 with posterolateral corners depressed and forming small pits that are anteriorly bordered by a sharp margin. Head and mesosoma with deep punctures, interspaces shorter than puncture diameter; clypeus shiny and micropunctate, with sparse shallow punctures; gena with very scattered punctures; some interspaces as wide as puncture diameter on scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum and sides of dorsal faces of propodeum; posterior face of propodeum with scattered deep punctures. T 1 with oblique punctures, denser and deeper anteriorly and becoming sparser and shallower posteriorly; T 2 with dense fine punctures, interspaces about as wide as puncture diameter and densely micropunctate; T 3 – T 6 similar to T 2 but punctures becoming progressively sparser; S 1 with sparse deep punctures; S 2 with scattered punctures basally, posteriorly with deep punctures becoming denser posterolaterally; S 3 – S 6 densely micropunctate and with sparse fine punctures. Covered by very short pale metallic pubescence; pale setae on frons, pronotum and posterolateral corners of propodeum; S 7 densely pubescent with an apical brush of pale golden setae. Dark to bright red, with the following yellow markings: clypeus, mandible except inner margin, spear-shaped marking filling interantennal space and extending above, inner eye margin from clypeus to bottom of ocular sinus, anterior band on pronotum widening laterally and extending posteriorly on humeral area, margins of tegula, parategula, sides of dorsal faces of propodeum from anterolateral corners to valvula, narrow apical band on T 1, laterally widened apical band on T 2, suffused apical margins of T 3 – T 6, posterior corners of S 1, apical band on S 2 with basal subtriangular expansions, posterior corners of S 3 – S 6, lower face of mid coxa, apical spot on mid femur, outer face of tibiae and fore basitarsus. Wings hyaline with yellowish tinge anteriorly. Female. Differing from the male as follows: clypeus apically subtruncate with narrower apical margin, surface shiny with sparse deep punctures and more developed longitudinal carinae, red with a basal yellow band, cephalic foveae very close and placed just behind ocellar triangle, not placed in a differentiated area, and T 2 with less developed apical lamella. Variability. The dorsal side of the mesosoma can be more or less extensively blackened; scape, scutellum and mesepisternum can present variably developed yellow spots; the apical band of S 2 and the markings on the legs can be more extended. A male paratype from Tsinjoriake is particularly dark, being extensively blackish-brown with red markings and presenting reduced yellow markings.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF97FF86FF0AFBF10672C478.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 65 N).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF97FF86FF0AFBF10672C478.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is the Latin adjective “ lobatus, - a, - um ” (= lobed), referring to the lamellar lobes on the tergites. Genus Paramischocyttarus Magretti, 1884	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF93FF81FF0AFF7C066AC459.taxon	description	(Figs 1 E, 52 A, 65 O)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF93FF81FF0AFF7C066AC459.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga *, Toliara (Gusenleitner 1998, 2004) (Fig. 65 O). Genus Raphiglossa Saunders, 1850	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF93FF80FF0AFD5707A7C1AA.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 A, 52 B, 65 P)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF93FF80FF0AFD5707A7C1AA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga *, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1941, 1973, 1974 b; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2005) (Fig. 65 P). Genus Tuleara Gusenleitner, 2000	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF93FF80FF0AFD5707A7C1AA.taxon	description	Gusenleitner (2011: 431) described the monotypic genus Immutatus Gusenleitner for Odynerus sakalavus de Saussure, 1890, comparing it with the genera Postepipona Giordani Soika, Leptochilus de Saussure and Tuleara Gusenleitner. As already reported for Tuleara, the comparison with Leptochilus is forced, since the morphology of the metanotum and the apex of T 2 are deeply different. The comparison with Postepipona probably derives from the inclusion in this genus of Odynerus malagassus de Saussure (= Odynerus melanus de Saussure, see dedicated section) made by Borsato (1999), as this species shows a habitus vaguely similar to Odynerus sakalavus, but it is clearly differentiated by numerous diagnostic characters and in reality is not related to the type species of Postepipona (see under Antepipona for more details). Comparison with Tuleara is appropriate, since both Odynerus sakalavus and the various species of Tuleara share some important diagnostic characters: propodeum with small subtriangular basal sclerite, submarginal carina forming a long triangular lobe, free and rectangular propodeal valvula, deeply depressed apex of T 2 separated from the preceding surface, thin male mandible with strongly developed fourth tooth. Furthermore, the differences reported as diagnostic of Immutatus compared to Tuleara (i. e. presence of epicnemial carina, vertical metanotum) are not supported by morphological examination, since the epicnemial carina and vertical metanotum are observed in various Tuleara species, including the type species T. leptochiloides. Given the evident morphological affinities and the inconsistency of the characters provided as diagnostic, the genus Immutatus is here synonymized under Tuleara, with Odynerus sakalavus in the new combination of Tuleara sakalava.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF91FF7DFF0AFF7C06BEC6CA.taxon	description	(Figs 53, 66 A)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF91FF7DFF0AFF7C06BEC6CA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Readily distinguished from the other species of Tuleara by the following combination of characters: stocky habitus with mesosoma not depressed, body entirely covered in dense silvery pubescence hiding the underlying surface (Fig. 53 B), white and green markings on meso- and metasoma.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF91FF7DFF0AFF7C06BEC6CA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2081323 // MADAGASCAR: Tulear / Prov., Cap Ste Marie Spec. / Res., 37 m, 74 km S of / Tsihombe, 25 Feb – 7 Mar 2003 / 25 ° 35.26 ' S 45 ° 09.78 ' E / Colls: M. Irwin, F. Parker, / R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 035357 / malaise, spiny bush / MA- 02 - 23 - 18 // Tuleara alboviridis / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21765). PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2081322); same locality as holotype, 20 – 31. VIII. 2003, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081336); same locality as holotype, 10 – 20. IX. 2003, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081331); same locality as holotype, 26. X – 5. XI. 2003, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081339).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF91FF7DFF0AFF7C06BEC6CA.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 53 B). Body length 8.0 mm; fore wing length 7.5 mm. Head 1.2 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.15 × as wide as long, apical margin barely emarginate and 0.3 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth right-angled with blunt apex; clypeus in lateral view barely convex, almost smoothly passing into frons. Vertex 1.85 × as long as ocellocular distance, almost flattened and sloping only on posterior third; cephalic foveae very fine and partially fused, housed at the bottom of a small and deep pit, placed somewhat closer to occipital carina than to ocellar triangle. Gena 0.8 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, fine and weak on vertex and almost disappearing medially, thick and shortly lamellate on gena, distinctly curved in lower half. Flagellum weakly thickened towards apex, F 1 1.2 × as long as wide and 1.5 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 9 transverse and becoming progressively slightly wider. Mesosoma 1.4 × as long as wide. Pronotum with convex and converging sides; pronotal carina complete and forming a short hyaline lamella on dorsal portion, evenly rounded on humeri and strongly reduced for a short portion just below humeri; pretegular carina present only for a short portion in front of anterior lobe of tegula. Mesoscutum with shallow and short notauli in front of posterior margin. Scutellum wider than long, almost evenly convex from side to side, flattened on disc, anterior margin crenulate with median pit slightly larger than lateral ones; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as ocellus. Metanotum nearly vertical, evenly convex with slightly bulging anterior margin. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe slightly acute with rounded apex and not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and basally right-angled. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina present but very reduced, appearing as a shallow fold of the surface. Propodeum short, in lateral view almost vertical; dorsal faces of propodeum short and weakly sloping, widely separated behind metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum flattened, margin with dorsal faces distinct but not carinate; posterior face of propodeum shallowly depressed, forming two pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line carinate with carina continuing onto basal subtriangular sclerite, basal sclerite with two elongate pits on sides of carina; submarginal carina of propodeum produced in a subtriangular lobe with rounded apex, valvula free and rectangular; dorsal carinae indicated by two short lateral portions that appear as transverse shallow bulges. T 1 in dorsal view nearly semicircular, wider than long, with converging sides and evenly rounded anterior margin; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex and divided in two distinct faces; apical margin of T 1 with short hyaline border, almost disappearing medially. T 2 in dorsal view wider than long and with convex sides slightly compressed posteriorly, wider than T 1; preapical area of T 2 deeply depressed and coarsely punctate, strongly separated from preceding surface of tergite, followed by strongly reflexed but short translucent lamella, lamella slightly shorter than ocellar diameter in the middle and becoming shorter laterally. Apical margin of T 3 – T 4 translucent and very weakly lobate in the middle. S 2 strongly convex basally and then very shallowly depressed, basal sloping area with a shallow and wide longitudinal depression laterally delimited by two shallow bulges, apical area depressed and lamellate but much less evidently than T 2. Head and mesosoma with deep punctures separated by about their diameters, interspaces wider on gena, metanotum and ventral part of mesepisternum; clypeus similar to frons but punctures sparser, interspaces densely micropunctate; tegula sparsely and finely micropunctate, almost smooth on disc; lateral faces of propodeum with finer punctures than mesosoma; posterior face of propodeum with very sparse deep punctures, mostly smooth and shiny with shallow shagreen along median carina. T 1 with very shallow large punctures, slightly deeper and denser on sides; extreme base of T 2 sculpted similar to T 1, remaining surface with fine and deep oblique punctures, preapical depressed area with two to four series of large and coarse punctures and interspaces reduced to sharp ridges; T 3 – T 5 with coarse punctures similar to preapical area of T 2, but becoming progressively finer; S 1 irregularly punctate and longitudinally ridged; S 2 similar to T 2, but punctures slightly larger and much sparser, preapical area coarsely punctate as on T 2; S 3 – S 5 similar to respective tergites but punctures finer. Entirely covered in short and dense metallic pubescence, mostly silvery but with weak golden reflections on dorsal side of mesosoma, completely hiding the underlying surface under incident light; short erect setae on head and mesosoma, shorter on mesoscutum and longer and curved on mesepisternum; propodeum with area above valvula covered in dense and fine white setae; metasoma with short oblique setae, shorter and appressed on tergites, longer and more raised on sternites. Black; clypeus and interantennal space orange-red, with narrow yellow line bordering ventral margin of clypeus and part of inner eye margin; tegula ferruginous with pale yellow spots on anterior and posterior lobes; narrow white markings bordered with green on pronotal carina, submarginal carina and area above it, apex of T 1 – T 2 and S 2; legs with dark and scarcely visible green tinge; T 3, S 3 and following segments mostly orange with some irregular whitish apical bands. Wings hyaline with weak orange tinge along costal margin. Male. Unknown. Variability. The paratypes differ from the holotype in having slightly smaller size (body length 7.2 – 7.8 mm; fore wing length 6.5 – 7.0 mm) and variable intensity of the green tinge on legs. Two paratypes have suffused and barely visible dark green markings on sides of T 1 and spots on base of S 2, two others have the spots on S 2 only.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF91FF7DFF0AFF7C06BEC6CA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 66 A).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF91FF7DFF0AFF7C06BEC6CA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is the combination of the Latin words “ albus, - a, - um ” (= white) and “ viridis, - e ” (= green), in reference to the whitish-green markings of this species. It is an adjective.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6FFF7FFF0AFEA1072DC7BA.taxon	description	(Figs 54, 66 B)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6FFF7FFF0AFEA1072DC7BA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Readily distinguished from the other species of Tuleara by its elongate appearance with subquadrate head and dorsoventrally depressed mesosoma (Figs 54 A, B), and a sloping and strongly convex metanotum (Fig. 54 E).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6FFF7FFF0AFEA1072DC7BA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2218468 // MADAGASCAR: Toliara Prov / Parc National de Zombitse / 19.8 km 84 ° E Sakaraha / elev 770 m 5 – 9 Feb 2003 / 22 ° 50 ' 36 " S 044 ° 42 ' 36 " E // coll. Fisher, Griswold et al. / California Acad. of Sciences / malaise trap, in tropical dry / forest, coll. code: BLF 7506 // Tuleara elongata / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21766).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6FFF7FFF0AFEA1072DC7BA.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 54 B). Body length 7.3 mm; fore wing length 6.7 mm. Head as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.05 × as wide as long, apical margin barely emarginate and 0.4 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth right-angled and slightly pointing out with rounded apex; clypeus in lateral view barely convex, smoothly passing into frons. Vertex 1.9 × as long as ocellocular distance, convex and slightly bulging in lateral view; cephalic foveae fused and forming a median deep pit, placed somewhat closer to ocellar triangle than to occipital carina. Gena as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus, strongly convex and partially visible in frontal view too; occipital carina complete, fine and weak on vertex, slightly stronger on gena, bent at about mid height of gena and lower part weakly sinuate. Flagellum weakly thickened towards apex, F 1 1.4 × as long as wide and 1.3 × as long as F 2, F 2 – F 9 subquadrate. Mesosoma 1.5 × as long as wide and subcylindrical, dorsoventrally depressed in lateral view. Pronotum with weakly convex and slightly converging sides, subparallel; pronotal carina complete and forming a very short hyaline lamella on dorsal portion which is shorter on mid-line, evenly rounded on humeri and somewhat projecting anteriorly; pretegular carina absent. Scutellum wider than long, widely flattened, anterior margin crenulate; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as ocellus. Metanotum weakly sloping, evenly convex. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe slightly obtuse with pointed apex and not equaling parategula; parategula digitiform and basally angled. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina present and strong on dorsal half, absent below. Propodeum short, in lateral view convex and sloping; dorsal faces of propodeum weakly sloping, widely separated behind metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum barely depressed, margin with dorsal faces distinct but not carinate; posterior face of propodeum shallowly depressed, forming two pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line shallowly carinate with depressed narrow subtriangular sclerite basally; submarginal carina of propodeum produced in a subtriangular lobe with rounded apex, valvula free and rectangular; dorsal carinae indicated by two short lateral portions that appear as oblique shallow bulges. T 1 in dorsal view nearly semicircular, wider than long, with subparallel sides and evenly rounded anterior margin; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex and divided in two distinct faces; apical margin of T 1 with short hyaline border, almost disappearing medially. T 2 in dorsal view slightly longer than wide and with weakly convex sides slightly compressed posteriorly, about as wide as T 1; preapical area of T 2 deeply depressed and coarsely punctatecostulate, strongly separated from preceding surface of tergite, followed by strongly reflexed but short translucent lamella, lamella slightly longer than ocellar diameter in the middle and becoming shorter laterally. Apical margin of T 3 – T 4 translucent and weakly lobate in the middle. S 2 evenly convex in lateral view, basally with shallow indication of longitudinal furrow, apical margin lamellate and hyaline with basal pigmented costulations. Head and mesosoma with deep and dense punctures, interspaces much narrower than puncture diameter and mostly reduced to ridges on mesosoma; clypeus very shiny with scattered deep punctures in basal half and sparse micropunctures; tegula largely smooth and shiny, very sparsely micropunctate and with some deep punctures along inner margin; posterior face of propodeum with oblique striation in lower half. T 1 with large oblique punctures, shallower medially and deeper laterally, posterior half of disc with a patch of scattered fine deep punctures; T 2 with deep and dense oblique punctures, extreme base with a more sparsely punctate narrow area, preapical depressed area with very coarse oblique punctures and interspaces forming irregular longitudinal costulations; T 3 – T 4 coarsely punctate similar to apical area of T 2, but punctures smaller; T 5 with scattered oblique punctures; S 1 irregularly punctate; S 2 with deep oblique punctures, larger basolaterally and becoming smaller apicomedially, preapical area with large coarse punctures forming longitudinal costulation; S 3 – S 5 similar to respective tergites but punctures finer. Covered in short metallic pubescence, mostly silvery and sparse but brassy and denser on frons, mesoscutum and T 2; short erect setae on frons, mesosoma and sternites, slightly longer on frons, apically curved on mesepisternum; propodeum with fine white setae above valvula. Dark red with blackish areas on mesoscutum and metasoma; following parts ferruginous yellow: basal third of mandible, clypeus with lighter margins, interantennal space, lower half of eye margins, T 5 – T 6; T 1 – T 4 and S 2 – S 3 with pale yellow apical band, very narrow on T 1; S 4 – S 6 dark orange; legs brownish-red. Wings hyaline with orange tinge basally and grayish apically. Male. Unknown.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6FFF7FFF0AFEA1072DC7BA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 66 B).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6FFF7FFF0AFEA1072DC7BA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet refers to the elongate appearance of this species. It is an adjective.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6DFF7FFF0AFE310152C5F7.taxon	description	(Figs 55, 66 C)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6DFF7FFF0AFE310152C5F7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ HOLO- / TYPE. [rounded white label with red border] // MADAGASCAR / Tulear Pr. / Tongobory 200 m. / 27. III. 1968 / K. M G. & P. D. // Brit. Mus. / 1968 – 321 // Tuleara / leptochiloides nov. spec. ♂ / J. Gusenleitner, det. 2000 / Holotypus // Holotypus [red label] // B. M. TYPE / HYM / 18.1193 // [QR code] / NHMUK 015610165 ” (NHMUK, code NHMUK 015610165). PARATYPES: same data as holotype, 1 ♂ (OLML).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6DFF7FFF0AFE310152C5F7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga *, Toliara (Gusenleitner 2000, 2004) (Fig. 66 C). Notes. Gusenleitner (2004) described the female of this species, but due to the unavailability of the specimen and the misidentifications made by Gusenleitner as Tuleara leptochiloides (e. g., Afrepipona segregata), these data are considered doubtful and excluded from the distribution map.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6DFF79FF0AF924071FC5FA.taxon	description	(Figs 56, 66 D)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6DFF79FF0AF924071FC5FA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂ labelled “ MADAGASKAR: TULEAR / Tulear — Morombe / Pk 32 (S. I. B.) / 26. 10. 1997 MADL // Tuleara / leptochiloides / nigritus nov. spp. ♂ / J. Gusenleitner, det. 2005 / Holotypus // Holotypus [red label] // NHMW ” (NHMW).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6DFF79FF0AF924071FC5FA.taxon	description	Description of female (hitherto unknown). Habitus in Fig. 56 B. Differing from the male as follows: larger size (body length 7.0 – 9.0 mm; fore wing length 6.8 – 8.0 mm), mandible robust and with fourth tooth not differentiated from adjacent ones, clypeus 1.25 × as wide as long and with narrower apical margin (0.25 × as wide as clypeus), vertex longer and 1.7 × as long as ocellocular distance, cephalic foveae placed in the center of the vertex and spaced by about their diameter, mesosoma 1.35 × as long as wide, pronotal carina more highly lamellate on lateral thirds, anterior margin of metanotum slightly sharper (Fig. 56 D), sharper posterolateral corners of propodeum (Fig. 56 C), apical margin of T 3 – T 4 medially sinuate, S 2 less bulging basally, punctures generally smaller and denser, face entirely orange up to upper limit of ocular sinus, anterior yellow band of pronotum wider and entirely covering lateral faces, apical band of T 1 narrower, mid and hind coxae not entirely yellow below, legs brownish.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6DFF79FF0AF924071FC5FA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Gusenleitner 2005) (Fig. 66 D). Notes. Gusenleitner (2005) originally described this taxon as a subspecies of Tuleara leptochiloides, but comparison of the two taxa revealed several differences that allow considering T. nigrita a distinct species; the diagnostic characters are summarized in the key. As described above the newly found female specimens show several differences from the male holotype of this taxon, but they are nevertheless considered conspecific as the differences seem compatible with simple sexual dimorphism, other morphological and chromatic characters match, and all specimens come from very close localities. More material will be needed to confirm the conspecificity. The genus-group name Tuleara derives from the Malagasy locality Toliara, often also reported as Tulear, and is therefore a name formed from a word that is neither Latin nor Greek subject to the rules of Art. 30.2 of the Code (ICZN 1999). Gusenleitner (2000) in the original description does not report the gender of Tuleara and Art. 30.2.3 establishes that if no gender was specified then the name takes the gender indicated by its combination with an adjectival species-group name of the originally included nominal species. In this case the only originally included nominal species is the type species Tuleara leptochiloides, but the adjectives ending in - oides remain as such in all three grammatical genders, not allowing tracing of the exact gender intended by Gusenleitner. Art. 30.2.4 therefore applies, which establishes that genus-group names that end in - a are feminine, as is therefore the case with Tuleara. Gusenleitner (2005) described the taxon nigritus with masculine gender, but since the gender of Tuleara is to be considered feminine, the name is to be changed to nigrita following Art. 34.2 of the Code (ICZN 1999).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6BFF78FF0AFBF1007FC142.taxon	description	(Figs 57, 66 E)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6BFF78FF0AFBF1007FC142.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Similar to Tuleara leptochiloides due to a very low pronotal carina (more highly lamellate in other species), vertical and weakly convex metanotum with blunt anterior margin (sloping, strongly convex or sharply margined in other species), and a strong and long epicnemial carina (barely indicated or strong but short in other species), but differentiated by finer epicnemial carina bordered by dense silvery pubescence (Fig. 57 D), less bulging base of S 2 (Fig. 57 F), wider interspaces and denser pubescence on head and mesosoma (Fig. 57 C), and smaller punctures on metasoma (Fig. 57 E).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6BFF78FF0AFBF1007FC142.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ CASENT / 2118634 // MADAGASCAR: Tulear / Prov. Andohahela NP / Tsimelahy, Parcelle II / 180 m 28 Mar – 8 Apr 2003 / 24 ° 56.21 ' S, 46 ° 37.60 ' E / col. M. Irwin, F. Parker, / R. Harin’Hala // CASLOT 024564 / malaise, transitional / forest, MA- 02 - 20 - 20 // Tuleara pruinosa / HOLOTYPUS ♀ / Det. Marco Selis 2024 [red label] ” (CAS, code CASTYPE 21767). PARATYPES: Toliara, Parc National de Vohibasia, 44 km NE of Sakaraha, 22.6666 S 44.8333 E, 600 m, 26. X – 2. XI. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2118542).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6BFF78FF0AFBF1007FC142.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype (Fig. 57 B). Body length 7.2 mm; fore wing length 6.0 mm. Head 1.15 × as wide as high. Clypeus in frontal view 1.1 × as wide as long, apical margin barely emarginate and 0.35 × as wide as clypeus, apical teeth nearly right-angled with pointed apex; clypeus in lateral view barely convex, almost smoothly passing into frons. Vertex 2.1 × as long as ocellocular distance, very weakly convex in lateral view; cephalic foveae fused in a single median pit, equidistant from ocellar triangle and occipital carina. Gena 0.8 × as wide as eye at bottom of ocular sinus; occipital carina complete, fine on vertex, thick and shortly lamellate on gena, distinctly curved in lower half. Flagellum weakly thickened towards apex, F 1 1.2 × as long as wide and 1.3 × as long as F 2, F 2 subquadrate, F 3 – F 9 transverse and becoming progressively slightly wider. Mesosoma 1.4 × as long as wide, subcylindrical. Pronotum with almost straight and subparallel sides; pronotal carina disappearing on ventral corners of pronotum, dorsally developed in a short hyaline lamella which is lower in the middle and on humeri, evenly rounded on humeri, in dorsal view slightly concave medially; pretegular carina present only for a short and indistinct portion in front of anterior lobe of tegula. Scutellum wider than long, widely flattened on disc, anterior margin crenulate; axillary fossa small and elliptical, about half as large as ocellus. Metanotum nearly vertical, barely convex with slightly bulging anterior margin. Tegula longer than wide, outer margin evenly convex, posterior lobe right-angled with pointed apex and not equaling parategula; parategula basally right-angled and with slightly expanded apex. Mesepisternum smoothly passing into pronotum above; epicnemial carina present but low and blunt. Propodeum short, in lateral view almost vertical; dorsal faces of propodeum short and weakly sloping, widely separated behind metanotum; lateral faces of propodeum very shallowly depressed, margin with other faces distinct but not carinate; posterior face of propodeum shallowly depressed, forming two pits above propodeal orifice, mid-line with wide blunt carina, basal subtriangular sclerite deeply depressed; submarginal carina of propodeum produced in a subtriangular lobe with widely rounded apex, valvula free and rectangular; dorsal carinae barely indicated by two short folds of the surface. T 1 in dorsal view nearly semicircular, wider than long, with converging sides and evenly rounded anterior margin; T 1 in lateral view strongly convex and divided in two distinct faces; apical margin of T 1 with short hyaline border, almost disappearing medially. T 2 in dorsal view about as long as wide and with convex sides slightly compressed posteriorly, slightly wider than T 1; preapical area of T 2 deeply depressed and coarsely punctate, separated from preceding surface of tergite, followed by strongly reflexed but short translucent lamella, lamella about as long as one ocellar diameter in the middle and almost disappearing laterally. Apical margin of T 3 – T 4 translucent and weakly sinuate in the middle. S 2 strongly convex basally and then flattened, basal sloping area with a shallow and wide longitudinal depression, apical area depressed and lamellate but much less evidently than T 2 and lamella not reflexed. Head and mesosoma with deep punctures separated by less than their diameters, interspaces flattened and shiny, wider on gena and mesepisternum; clypeus micropunctate with small deep punctures, denser basally and gradually disappearing apically; tegula strongly shiny with scattered deep punctures, smooth on disc; dorsal faces of propodeum coarsely punctate, interspaces reduced to ridges on posteromedial part; lateral faces of propodeum with dense and small deep punctures; posterior face of propodeum smooth and shiny with scattered punctures in dorsal half and some oblique striae ventrally. T 1 with shallow large punctures, basally arranged in a transverse series delimiting the two faces of the tergite; T 2 with deep punctures, larger and sparser at extreme base and becoming smaller and denser, interspaces ranging from as wide as several puncture diameters basally to ridge-like apically, preapical depressed area with two to three series of large and coarse punctures and interspaces reduced to sharp ridges; T 3 – T 5 with coarse punctures similar to preapical area of T 2, but smaller and becoming progressively finer; S 1 irregularly punctate with few longitudinal strong carinae; S 2 with large deep punctures, denser on extreme sides and on disc, leaving a short preapical area with wide impunctate parts; S 3 – S 5 similar to preapical area of S 2 but punctures progressively finer and sparser. Covered in short silvery pubescence, with brassy tinges on mesoscutum, partly hiding the underlying surface under incident light; short erect setae on head, mesosoma and sternites, slightly longer on frons and curved on mesepisternum; propodeum with area above valvula covered in dense and long white pubescence and scattered long and fine setae; metasoma with dust-like pubescence, slightly shorter than on head and mesosoma. Black with suffused and hardly visible dark-red tinge on some parts; following parts yellow: clypeus except basal suffused reddish spot, most of outer face of mandible, eye margin narrowly interrupted behind dorsal lobe of eye and filling eye sinus, longitudinal line filling interantennal space and reaching middle of frons, thin band along pronotal carina and ending just below humeri, thin outer margin of tegula, apex of parategula, projection of submarginal carina, very thin line bordering apical margin of T 1 and S 1, broad and regular apical band on T 2 – T 5, rounded spots bordering basal slope of S 2, sinuate apical bands on S 2 – S 5, most of T 6 and S 6; legs reddish-brown with orange apical segments of tarsi. Wings hyaline with very weak grayish tinge, slightly orange along costal margin. Male. Unknown. Variability. The paratype differs from the holotype in having brighter yellow markings and a very shallow subtriangular depression bordering the apical margin of clypeus.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6BFF78FF0AFBF1007FC142.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Fig. 66 E).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF6BFF78FF0AFBF1007FC142.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species epithet is the Latin adjective “ pruinosus, - a, - um ” (= frosted), as the pubescence on the mesosoma gives a frosted appearance.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF68FF7AFF0AFF7C07A6C271.taxon	description	(Figs 58 A, 66 F)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF68FF7AFF0AFF7C07A6C271.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana (de Saussure 1890; Gusenleitner 2011) (Fig. 66 F). Genus Zethus Fabricius, 1804	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF68FF7AFF0AFB7F0002C3B2.taxon	description	(Figs 1 F, 58 B, 66 G)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF68FF7AFF0AFB7F0002C3B2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Mahajanga, Toliara (von Schulthess 1907; Giordani Soika 1940, 1979; Borsato 1999; Gusenleitner 2000, 2004) (Fig. 66 G).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF68FF76FF0AFA3807A6C449.taxon	description	(Figs 1 C, 58 C, 66 H)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF68FF76FF0AFA3807A6C449.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ Madagascar / Bekily / III- 28 / A. Seyrig // HOLOTYPUS / Z. Seyrigi / A. Giordani Soika [red label] ” (MSNVE).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF68FF76FF0AFA3807A6C449.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Toliara (Giordani Soika 1940, 1979; Gusenleitner 2004) (Fig. 66 H). Species incertae sedis “ Odynerus ” melanus de Saussure, 1853 (Figs 59, 66 I)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF68FF76FF0AFA3807A6C449.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana, Toamasina, Toliara (de Saussure 1900; Giordani Soika 1941; Borsato 1999) (Fig. 66 I). Notes. de Saussure (1900: 237) described Odynerus malagassus de Saussure, 1900 comparing it with Odynerus sakalavus de Saussure, 1890 due to a similar general appearance and pattern, but highlighting several differences, and later the comparison was taken up by Giordani Soika (1941: 179) in his key to Malagasy “ Odynerus ” but indicating only the shape of the yellow band at the apex of T 2 as a difference. As reported above, Odynerus sakalavus is here transferred to the genus Tuleara and the two species present numerous differences that deny any affinity, since O. malagassus does not present any of the typical characters of Tuleara (e. g., development of the submarginal carina, shape of the propodeal valvula, structure of T 2). Borsato (1999: 108) introduced the new combination Postepipona malagassa without providing a reason, although it can be speculated that he followed an unpublished opinion of Giordani Soika, as one specimen of this species in MSNVE has an identification label written by Giordani Soika reporting “ Postepipona melana ”. As reported above (see under Antepipona), Postepipona turned out to be only a junior synonym of Antepipona, but O. malagassus does not present any character that allows it to be included in that genus, therefore ruling out its attribution to Antepipona. Moreover, comparison of specimens of Odynerus malagassus with the holotype of Odynerus melanus de Saussure, 1853 showed how they perfectly match in all characters, leading to the synonymy of O. malagassus under O. melanus. Comparison with other Malagasy and more broadly Old World genera of Eumeninae has not revealed clear affinities: when compared with the Malagasy genera, O. melanus shows a superficial similarity with the species of the genus Malagassodynerus, from which it differs however in the presence of a strong epicnemial carina (Fig. 59 D), in the structure of the propodeum (Fig. 59 C) and of T 1 (Fig. 59 E), while the presence of oblique carinae on the sides of T 3 – T 6 (Fig. 59 F) and the cephalic foveae placed very close to the ocelli (Fig. 59 B) make it similar to Malgachemenes, from which it differs in its larger size, much stockier build, strong epicnemial carina (Fig. 59 D) and non-translucent apical margin of T 1 (Fig. 59 E). Odynerus melanus could turn out to be an aberrant species belonging to one of the two mentioned genera or belong to an undescribed third genus, but this choice will have to be made following a phylogeny of the African Eumeninae, so for the moment it is considered as a species incertae sedis. The hyalinelamellatus - group	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF64FF76FF0AFD200115C2EA.taxon	description	(Figs 60 A, 61 B – D, 66 J)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF64FF76FF0AFD200115C2EA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♀ labelled “ MADAGASKAR: Ste. Marie / Fluss Manandriana / 14. – 25.11.1994 MADL // Giordania / nigra nov. spec. ♀ / J. Gusenleitner, det. 1995 / Holotypus // Holotypus [red label] // NHMW ” (NHMW).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF64FF76FF0AFD200115C2EA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Fianarantsoa *, Toamasina (Gusenleitner 1995) (Fig. 66 J). Notes. The specimens examined show some variability in size and apex of T 2, as the two specimens from Perinet are larger (body length 12.5 – 13.0 mm) and have a simple T 2 margin (Fig. 61 D), while the others, including the holotype, are smaller (body length 10.0 – 11.0 mm) and T 2 has a very thin dark lamella visible at high magnification (Fig. 61 C). However, the size and the metasomal lamellae are variable in other related species (e. g., O. hyalinelamellatus) and there is no other morphological difference, therefore in the absence of males to compare all specimens are considered to belong to the same species.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF64FF76FF0AFAC10085C104.taxon	description	(Figs 2 K; 60 B; 61 E, F; 66 K)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF64FF76FF0AFAC10085C104.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antsiranana *, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1941) (Fig. 66 K). Notes. The specimen from Antsiranana, Sakalava Beach (CASENT 2081256), has the apical lamellae of T 2 – T 3 clearly less developed (Fig. 61 F) than the specimens from Toliara (Fig. 61 E), but otherwise does not show any difference. Given the homogeneity of the females in this group of species and the provenance from opposite ends of the island, it cannot be excluded that it is a similar but distinct species, however the question cannot be clarified in the absence of male specimens. For the moment the specimen from Antsiranana is identified as Odynerus hyalinelamellatus due to the presence of the lamella also on T 3. Given the apparent taxonomic complexity of this group, it would be desirable to designate a neotype as a reference standard for this species but given the homogeneity of females I prefer to defer this taxonomic action to when male specimens or genetic data will be available, so that a more representative neotype can be designated.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF62FF6FFF0AFF7C006BC0FD.taxon	description	(Figs 60 C, 61 A, 61 G, 66 L)	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF62FF6FFF0AFF7C006BC0FD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Madagascar: Antananarivo, Fianarantsoa *, Toliara (Giordani Soika 1941) (Fig. 66 L). Notes. A male and a female were examined, collected at the same time in Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, both perfectly matching the description of Odynerus parvilamellatus published by Giordani Soika (1941: 175). However, the male presents a hint of lamella also at the apex of T 3, and the presence of a lamella on T 3 should be distinctive of O. hyalinelamellatus. The lamella of the male is extremely short and barely visible only for a very short stretch, but given also the presence of a female of O. hyalinelamellatus with reduced lamellae (see under that species) it cannot be excluded that the two taxa actually represent the range of variability of a single species, also given the apparent absence of further morphological differences between the females. For the moment, no taxonomic action is taken in this regard, postponing any possible synonymy until males of both forms or genetic data are available. As done for O. hyalinelamellatus, the designation of a neotype is not undertaken here. Species designated as nomina dubia	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF7CFF69FF0AF8CC0756C7C6.taxon	materials_examined	Notes. As reported by Dal Pos et al. (2022: 9) the type specimens of several Malagasy Eumeninae described by Giordani Soika are lost, including the female holotype of Odynerus antisrabensis. Following the key and the description it is evident that O. antisrabensis is in fact close to Odynerus hyalinelamellatus and O. parvilamellatus, from which it would differ for the total absence of the apical lamella on T 2. Specimens potentially compatible with O. antisrabensis have been examined and resulted substantially identical to the holotype of Giordania nigra, suggesting that the latter could be a junior synonym of O. antisrabensis. However, these specimens still show some differences with what Giordani Soika reported in the brief original description (Giordani Soika 1941: 175), such as the color of the wings (pale ferruginous in O. antisrabensis, basally blackened and apically whitish in the available material), and the absence of a type does not allow clarification of the exact identity of O. antisrabensis, which belongs to a group of species whose females are very homogeneous. For these reasons Odynerus antisrabensis is here designated nomen dubium, thus giving priority to Giordania nigra (which is here considered as incertae sedis), the holotype of which allows ascertaining of the exact identity of the species and maintain taxonomic stability.	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF4FFF54FF0AFB19008CC01E.taxon	description	Cyrteumenes seyrigi: Fianarantsoa, Parc Nacional Ranomafana, Bell Vue Trail, 21.26 S 47.426667 E, 1000 m, 21. XII. 1999, leg. M. E. Irwin & E. I. Schlinger, 2 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 3003722, CASENT 3003728); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21.2665 S 47.420167 E, 1020 m, 22 – 28. XI. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2046469); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21.2665 S 47.420167 E, 1020 m, 18 – 28. V. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (MSVI, code CASENT 2153830); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, radio tower at forest edge, 21.250833 S 47.407167 E, 1130 m, 4 – 12. III. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2053920); Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, radio tower at forest edge, 21.250833 S 47.407167 E, 1130 m, 5 – 15. VII. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2053915); N. E. Madagascar, Fampanambo, II. 1959, leg. J. Vadon, 1 ♀ (MSNVE); Ste. Marie, Foret de Kalalao, 23 – 26. X. 1992, leg. M. Madl, 1 ♀ (NHMW); Ste. Marie, Foret de Kalalao, 11 – 25. XI. 1993, leg. M. Madl, 1 ♀ (NHMW). Cyrtolabulus bekilyensis: Toliara, PN de Kirindy Mitea, 15.5 km 64 ° ENE of Marofandilia, 20.045020 S 44.662211 E, 100 m, 28. XI – 3. XII. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046393); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona village, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440843 S 43.899655 E, 43 m, 21 – 26. X. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 5 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2068935, CASENT 2068979, CASENT 2069014; MSVI, codes CASENT 2068946, CASENT 2068999); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona village, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440843 S 43.899655 E, 43 m, 26 – 31. X. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 5 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2174902, CASENT 2174905, CASENT 2174968, CASENT 2174972; MSVI, code CASENT 2174970); Tuléar, Baie de St. Augustin, Onilahy-Fluss, 3. X. 1996, leg. M. Madl, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (NHMW); Tuléar, Baie de St. Augustin, Onilahy-Fluss, 19. V. 1997, leg. M. Madl, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (NHMW); Tulear, Berenty Special Reserve, 8 km NW of Amboasary, 25.006676 S 46.303322 E, 85 m, 25 – 26. X. 2002, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153816); Tulear, Berenty Special Reserve, 8 km NW of Amboasary, 25.006676 S 46.303322 E, 85 m, 25. II – 7. III. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153800). Cyrtolabulus flavorufus: Antsiranana, Diana Region, Orangea dry forest, Ramena, Baie de dune 900 m E of Camp Minier, 12.232843 S 49.366478 E, 152 m, 23. II – 2. III. 2011, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2118536); Antsiranana, Diana Region, Orangea dry forest, Ramena, Baie de dune 900 m E of Camp Minier, 12.232843 S 49.366478 E, 152 m, 18 – 26. V. 2011, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2118495); Antsiranana, Rés. Speciale de l’Ankarana, 22.9 km 224 ° SW Anivorano Nord, 12.908909 S 49.109711 E, 80 m, 10 – 16. II. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046489); Antsiranana, Vohemar Dist., SAVA region, Andranotsimaty dry forest, 9 km NE Daraina, 13.169510 S 49.700666 E, 90 m, 19 – 26. XII. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2118484); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451187 S 47.613322 E, 33 m, 3 – 10. V. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin & F. Parker, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2047146); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451187 S 47.613322 E, 33 m, 17 – 26. V. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin & F. Parker, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105825; MSVI, code CASENT 8105826); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451187 S 47.613322 E, 33 m, 1 – 28. X. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin & F. Parker, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2047096, CASENT 2047097, CASENT 2047098); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319343 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 17 – 24. VIII. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153757); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319343 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 24 – 31. VIII. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2153772); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319343 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 28. XI – 5. X. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153657); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.133364 S 45.699999 E, 2 – 9. X. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 3 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2047014, CASENT 2047016; MSVI, code CASENT 2047012); Toliara, Foret Vohidava 88.9 km N Amboasary, 24.240584 S 46.287767 E, 500 m, 6 – 8. XII. 2006, leg. B. L. Fisher et al., 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2081313); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626655 E, 180 m, 28. III – 8. IV. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2118632, CASENT 2118633); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626655 E, 180 m, 22 – 29. VI. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081400); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626655 E, 180 m, 30. X – 9. XI. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2053818); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626655 E, 180 m, 12 – 23. II. 2004, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (MSVI, code CASENT 2153533); Tulear, Berenty Special Reserve, 8 km NW Amboasary, 25.006666 S 46.303322 E, 85 m, 17 – 24. III. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153814); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle I near research station, 23.686509 S 44.590999 E, 165 m, 23. III – 2. IV. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153871); Tulear, Zombitse NP, near national road, 22.840509 S 44.731166 E, 825 m, 5 – 12. I. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153889). Cyrtolabulus madli: Antananarivo, 46 km NE of Ankazobe, Ambohitantely, 18.198020 S 47.281489 E, 700 m, 17 – 24. X. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 4 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 2081272, CASENT 2081273, CASENT 2081274; MSVI, code CASENT 2081271); Antananarivo, 46 km NE of Ankazobe, Ambohitantely, 18.198020 S 47.281489 E, 700 m, 20. I – 1. II. 2004, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2081282); Fianarantsoa, 50 km S of Farafangana, Mahabo Mananivo, Ampitavananima Forest, 23.129862 S 47.716999 E, 34 m, 3 – 9. I. 2008, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2047135); Mahajanga, NP d’Ankarafantsika, Ampijoroa Sta. For., 40 km 306 ° NW Andranofasika, 16.320841 S 46.810542 E, 130 m, 26. III – 1. IV. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2046419); Mahajanga, Parc National d’Ankarafantsika, Ampijoroa Station Forestiere, 40 km 306 ° NW Andranofasika, 16.320841 S 46.810542 E, 130 m, 26. III – 1. IV. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 2 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2001657; MSVI, code CASENT 2001658); Mahajanga, PN d’Ankarafantsika, Foret Tsimaloto, 18.3 km 48 ° NE de Ts’aramandroso, 16.228045 S 46.143611 E, 136 m, 2 – 8. IV. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046398); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197 S 47.613301 E, 33 m, 4 – 14. I. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala & M. Irwin, 4 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 8105950, CASENT 8105951, CASENT 8105956; MSVI, code CASENT 8105953); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197 S 47.613301 E, 33 m, 3 – 10. III. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala & M. Irwin, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2046280, CASENT 2046281); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197 S 47.613301 E, 33 m, 1 – 28. X. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala & M. Irwin, 1 ♂ (MSVI, code CASENT 2047095); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197 S 47.613301 E, 33 m, 23. XI – 8. XII. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala & M. Irwin, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105942; MSVI, code CASENT 8105935); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197 S 47.613301 E, 33 m, 11 – 20. XII. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala & M. Irwin, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2047064); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451197 S 47.613301 E, 33 m, 31. XII. 2007 – 7. I. 2008, leg. R. Harin’Hala & M. Irwin, 2 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2047076; MSVI, code CASENT 2047077); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319353 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 24 – 31. VIII. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2153773); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319353 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 7 – 14. IX. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153719; MSVI, code CASENT 2153714); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319353 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 22 – 28. IX. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2153600); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319353 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 28. IX – 5. X. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153656; MSVI, code CASENT 2153659); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319353 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 19 – 26. X. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2081406, CASENT 2081419); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319353 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 26. X – 2. XI. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153762); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319353 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 9 – 20. XI. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2153560, CASENT 2153568); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319353 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 20 – 30. XI. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 3 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2153748; MSVI, codes CASENT 2153749, CASENT 2153750, CASENT 2153751); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.133343 S 45.699999 E, 20. XI – 4. XII. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046278); Majunga, Beaboaly Bamboo Forest, 10 km SW of Soalala, 4 km from Baly village, 16.045364 S 45.803999 E, 7 – 13. XI. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2068953, CASENT 2068954); Majunga, Besalampy District, Marofototra palm forest, 17 km W of Besalampy, 16.721656 S 44.423666 E, 24 – 31. XII. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2069004); Toliara, Foret de Tsinjoriake, 6.2 km 84 ° E Tsifota, 22.802212 S 43.420544 E, 70 m, 6 – 10. III. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046297); Toliara, Manderano, 23.527509 S 44.088322 E, 70 m, 22 – 29. V. 2002, leg. Frontier Wilderness Project, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2218471; MSVI, code CASENT 2218470); Toliara, Manderano, 23.527509 S 44.088322 E, 70 m, 23. VI – 27. VII. 2002, leg. Frontier Wilderness Project, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2177673); Toliara, PN de Kirindy Mitea, 16.3 km 127 ° SE Belo sur Mer, 20.795277 S 44.146933 E, 80 m, 6 – 10. XII. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 2 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 2046357, CASENT 2046358); Toliara, PN de Tsimanampetsotsa, Foret de Bemanateza, 20.7 km 81 ° E Efoetsy, 23 km 131 ° SE Beheloka, 23.992212 S 43.880555 E, 90 m, 22 – 26. III. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♂ 3 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2081165, CASENT 2081167, CASENT 2081168; MSVI, code CASENT 2081166); Toliara, PN de Tsimanampetsotsa, Mitoho Cave, 6.4 km 77 ° ENE Efoetsy, 17.4 km 170 ° S Beheloka, 24.047231 S 43.753055 E, 40 m, 18 – 22. III. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081122); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona village, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440843 S 43.899645 E, 45 m, 21 – 25. X. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2069016; MSVI, code CASENT 2069011); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona village, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440843 S 43.899645 E, 45 m, 28. I – 6. II. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2174893); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona village, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.439980 S 43.899645 E, 43 m, 21 – 26. X. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2068985); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Ihazofotsy Parcelle III, 24.830843 S 46.536166 E, 80 m, 20. V – 3. VI. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2053880, CASENT 2053882; MSVI, code CASENT 2053879); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Ihazofotsy Parcelle III, 24.830843 S 46.536166 E, 80 m, 2 – 11. IV. 2004, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2053885); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936823 S 46.626645 E, 180 m, 26. I – 5. II. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2053869, CASENT 2053870); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936823 S 46.626645 E, 180 m, 12 – 23. II. 2004, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153534); Tulear, Androimpano Forest, 3 km E of Itampolo, 24.657852 S 43.956166 E, 45 m, 6 – 13. XI. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174979); Tulear, Ankazomena, 8 km N of Ambohimahavelona village, 23.430333 S 43.834145 E, 122 m, 21 – 31. X. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174882); Tulear, Berenty Special Res., 8 km NW Amboasary, 25.006686 S 46.303322 E, 85 m, 15 – 25. II. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2153593); Tulear, Berenty Special Res., 8 km NW Amboasary, 25.006686 S 46.303322 E, 85 m, 7 – 17. III. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153695); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle I near research station, 23.686490 S 44.590999 E, 165 m, 25. XII. 2001 – 2. I. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153823); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle I near research station, 23.686490 S 44.590999 E, 165 m, 1 – 8. II. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2153860); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle I near research station, 23.686490 S 44.590999 E, 165 m, 29. III – 10. IV. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153861); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle II near Bellevue, 23.689843 S 44.575478 E, 180 m, 1 – 8. II. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153855); Tulear, Ifaty, near Hotel Paradisia in coastal dunes, 23.179666 S 43.616833 E, 9 m, 13. X – 12. XI. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2081110); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.913323 S 43.482166 E, 27 m, 18 – 29. IV. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153836); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903676 S 43.475499 E, 30 m, 6 – 16. I. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2046454); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903676 S 43.475499 E, 30 m, 23. IX – 3. X. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2053896, CASENT 2053897); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.913323 S 43.482166 E, 37 m, 23.16 – 17. I. 2002, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081205); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.913323 S 43.482166 E, 37 m, 23. VII – 6. VIII. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153876); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest, 24.048509 S 43.752333 E, 120 m, 24 – 29. X. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174866; MSVI, code CASENT 2174864); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest, 24.048509 S 43.752333 E, 120 m, 19 – 27. XII. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174935); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest, 24.048509 S 43.752333 E, 120 m, 23 – 31. I. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2174867, CASENT 2174868); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest, 24.048509 S 43.752333 E, 120 m, 26. II – 2. III. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2174873); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest plateau, 24.048519 S 43.752322 E, 150 m, 24 – 29. X. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174875; MSVI, code CASENT 2174877); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest plateau, 24.048519 S 43.752322 E, 150 m, 27. XII. 2008 – 2. I. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2174948); Tulear, Tuelar-Morombe, Pk 32 (S. I. B.), 26. X. 1997, leg. M. Madl, 1 ♀ (NHMW). Cyrtolabulus parvulus: Toliara, Foret de Tsinjoriake, 6.2 km 84 ° E of Tsifota, 22.802212 S 43.420544 E, 70 m, 6 – 10. III. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046296); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936843 S 46.626655 E, 180 m, 30. X – 9. XI. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2053819); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936843 S 46.626655 E, 180 m, 12 – 23. II. 2004, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153532); Tulear, Androimpano Forest, 3 km E of Itampolo, 24.657852 S 43.956166 E, 45 m, 22 – 29. I. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 5 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2174975, CASENT 2174978, CASENT 2174981, CASENT 2174983; MSVI, code CASENT 2174976); Tulear, Androimpano Forest, 5 km E of Itampolo, 24.650343 S 43.963155 E, 130 m, 11 – 18. XII. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174941); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle I near research station, 23.686499 S 44.590999 E, 165 m, 20 – 24. XII. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2153868, CASENT 2153869); Tulear, Cap Ste Marie Spec. Res., 74 km S of Tsihombe, 25.587657 S 45.162989 E, 37 m, 9 – 15. XII. 2002, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081319); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903676 S 43.475499 E, 30 m, 17 – 28. I. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046321); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903676 S 43.475499 E, 30 m, 23. VII – 6. VIII. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2153873); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903676 S 43.475499 E, 30 m, 23. IX – 3. X. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2053895); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903676 S 43.475499 E, 30 m, 11 – 24. II. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2053899); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.913323 S 43.482166 E, 37 m, 16 – 17. I. 2002, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2081206); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.913323 S 43.482166 E, 37 m, 8 – 18. III. 2002, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2081203, CASENT 2081204); Tulear, Tsifota, 20 km N of Manombo, 1 km E of Tsifota Village, 22.818009 S 43.372666 E, 15 m, 30. X – 9. XII. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2069003); Tulear, Tsifota, 20 km N of Manombo, 1 km E of Tsifota Village, 22.818009 S 43.372666 E, 15 m, 29. XII. 2008 – 8. I. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2069000); Tulear, Tsifota, 20 km N of Manombo, 1 km E of Tsifota Village, 22.818009 S 43.372666 E, 15 m, 14 – 24. II. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2069001); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest, 24.048509 S 43.752322 E, 120 m, 24 – 29. X. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 3 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2174859, CASENT 2174860, CASENT 2174862); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest, 24.048509 S 43.752322 E, 120 m, 19 – 27. XII. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2174939, CASENT 2174949; MSVI, code CASENT 2174942); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest, 24.048509 S 43.752322 E, 120 m, 9 – 15. I. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2174925); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest plateau, 24.048509 S 43.752311 E, 150 m, 24 – 29. X. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2174881). Cyrtolabulus rhombicus: Antsiranana, Foret d’Orangea, 3.6 km 128 ° SE Ramena, 12.258899 S 49.374700 E, 90 m, 22 – 28. II. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 2 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 2081134, CASENT 2081135); Antsiranana, Diana Region, Orangea dry forest, Ramena, Baie de dune 900 m E of Camp Minier, 12.232822 S 49.366478 E, 152 m, 23 – 30. III. 2011, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2118479); Antsiranana, SAVA Region, Vohemar District, 43 km E of Daraina, Analabe Sahaka littoral forest, 13.079358 S 49.902319 E, 182 m, 5 – 12. X. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2118537; MSVI, code CASENT 2118535); Antsiranana, SAVA Region, Vohemar District, 43 km E of Daraina, Analabe Sahaka littoral forest, 13.079358 S 49.902319 E, 182 m, 14 – 21. XII. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2118451); Diego-Suarez, PN Montagne d’Ambre, 12.514433 S 49.181388 E, 960 m, 11 – 12. II. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081117; MSVI, code CASENT 2081119); Diego-Suarez, PN Montagne d’Ambre, 12.520288 S 49.179145 E, 1125 m, 5 – 21. IX. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046292); Diego-Suarez, Sakalava Beach, 12.262086 S 49.392156 E, 10 m, 27. I. 2001, leg. M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 8015958); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319333 S 46.813322 E, 43 m, 17 – 24. VIII. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153758); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319333 S 46.813322 E, 43 m, 24 – 31. VIII. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2153770); Tulear, Itampolo, Sud A Sud Hotel, 24.690490 S 43.943978 E, 12 m, 25 – 29. X. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 2174932, CASENT 2174980); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, Mitoho Forest, 24.048499 S 43.752333 E, 120 m, 24 – 29. X. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♂ 3 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2174853, CASENT 2174857, CASENT 2174876, CASENT 2174923; MSVI, code CASENT 2174852); Tulear, Tuelar-Morombe, Pk 32 (S. I. B.), 26. X. 1997, leg. M. Madl, 1 ♀ (NHMW). Cyrtolabulus sollicitus: Angavokely Mt., 20. III. 1984, leg. L. A. Nilsson, 1 ♀ (MSNVE); Antananarivo, Andebadeba, 4 km from Arivonimamo, 19.004823 S 47.142489 E, 1600 m, 7 – 14. X. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2047072); Antananarivo, Andebadeba, 4 km from Arivonimamo, 19.004823 S 47.142489 E, 1600 m, 14 – 21. X. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2047085, CASENT 2047093); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173353 S 47.085999 E, 1360 m, 9 – 19. XII. 2002, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105887); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173353 S 47.085999 E, 1360 m, 27. XI – 7. XII. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 8105817); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173353 S 47.085999 E, 1360 m, 22. I – 4. II. 2004, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105897); Fianarantsoa, Miandritsara Forest, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792676 S 47.175645 E, 825 m, 7 – 13. XII. 2005, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 3 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 2081381, CASENT 2081384; MSVI, code CASENT 2081383). Delta emarginatum: Antananarivo, Park Tsimbazaza, 14. X. 1993, leg. C. Kassebeer, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Antananarivo, Tana, K. Fandriampahalemana, 9. X. 1993, leg. C. Kassebeer, 1 ♂ (MSVI); Antsiranana, Montaigne Francais, 12.325000 S 49.333333 E, 150 m, 23. I. 2001, leg. M. Irwin, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8077301); Fianarantsoa, 6 km SE of Namorona, 21.548000 S 47.974000 E, 125 m, 9. XII. 1999, leg. M. Irwin & E. Schlinger, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 3003709); Majunga, Ankarafantsika Forest Station, 113 km SE of Mahajanga, 21 – 22. XI. 1986, leg. J. W. Wenzel, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Toliara, Mangily, 3. IV. 2008, leg. G. Pezzi, 2 ♂ (MSVI); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Reserve, 23.7 S 44.7 E, leg. R. W. Brooks, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Tulear, 3 km W of Ranohira, SE edge of Isalo National Park, 22.562500 S 45.384100 E, 1075 m, 17. XII. 1999, leg. M. Irwin & E. Schlinger, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 3003699). Delta guerini: Ambatolaona, I. 1933, 1 ♂ (MSVI); Antsiranana, Montaigne Francais, 150 m, 23 – 30. I. 2001, leg. M. Irwin, 3 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 8077155, CASENT 8077182; MSVI, code CASENT 8015296); Bekily, I. 1933, leg. A. Seyrig, 2 ♀ (MSVI); Bekily, VI. 1933, leg. A. Seyrig, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (MSVI); Bekily, X – XI. 1936, leg. A. Seyrig, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (MSVI); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333 S 47.086000 E, 1360 m, 16 – 26. X. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105893); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333 S 47.086000 E, 1360 m, 2 – 14. X. 2004, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 8105969); Fianarantsoa, Massif de Andringitra, 20 km S of Ambalavao, 21.964 S 46.933167 E, 975 m, 19. XII. 1999, leg. M. Irwin, E. Schlinger & H. Rasolondalao, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 3003748); Fianarantsoa, near Isalo National Park, 22.626667 S 45.358167 E, 885 m, 14 – 22. VI. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 8105928); Fianarantsoa, 50 km S of Farafangana, Mahabo Mananivo, Ampitavananima Forest, 23.129833 S 47.717000 E, 34 m, 22 – 28. XI. 2007, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2047139); Ihosy, leg. A. Seyrig, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Majunga, Ambatofolaka, Namoroka, 53 km from Soalala, 3 km N of Vilanandro village, 16.473333 S 45.391333 E, 2 – 9. XI. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 8105988); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319333 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 28. IX – 5. X. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2153651); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.133333 S 45.7 E, 15 – 22. I. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105848); Tananarive, Tzimbazaza, I. 1952, leg. R. Benoist, 1 ♂ (MSVI); Toliara, Manderano, 23.527500 S 44.088333 E, 70 m, 15 – 29. V. 2002, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2177691); Toliara, Manderano, 23.527500 S 44.088333 E, 70 m, 23. VI – 27. VII. 2002, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2177672); Toliara, PN de Kirindy Mitea, 16.3 km 127 ° SE Belo sur Mer, 20.795278 S 44.146944 E, 80 m, 6 – 10. XII. 2001, leg. Fisher, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2046340, CASENT 2046367); Toliara, PN de Kirindy Mitea, 20.7 km 29 ° WNW Tongobory, 23.524167 S 44.121389 E, 75 m, 27. II – 3. III. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2046372); Toliara, PN de Tsimanampetsotsa, Mitoho Cave, 6.4 km 77 ° ENE of Efoetsy, 17.4 km 170 ° S Beheloka, 24.047222 S 43.753056 E, 40 m, 18 – 22. III. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2046355); Toliara, PN de Vohibasia, 44 km NE of Sakaraha, 22.666667 S 44.833333 E, 600 m, 11 – 17. X. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2177717); Toliara, PN de Vohibasia, 44 km NE of Sakaraha, 22.666667 S 44.833333 E, 600 m, 22 – 30. XI. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2118530); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona village, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833 S 43.899667 E, 45 m, 21 – 31. X. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 6 ♂ 3 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2068970, CASENT 2068971, CASENT 2068987, CASENT 2068990, CASENT 2068994, CASENT 2174921; MSVI, codes CASENT 2068950, CASENT 2068967, CASENT 2068968); Tulear, Ambohimahavelona village, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833 S 43.899667 E, 45 m, 10 – 21. VIII. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174944); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626667 E, 180 m, 16 – 17. XII. 2002, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2118580); Tulear, Cap Ste Marie Spec. Res., 74 km S of Tsihombe, 25.587667 S 45.163000 E, 37 m, 25. II – 7. III. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081324); Tuléar, Fort-Dauphin, 22. X. 1993, leg. C. Kassebeer, 1 ♂ (MSVI); Tuléar, Fort-Dauphin, 24. X. 1993, leg. C. Kassebeer, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903667 S 43.475500 E, 30 m, 29. VI – 6. VII. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (MSVI, code CASENT 2118522); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903667 S 43.475500 E, 30 m, 6 – 17. VII. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 8105885); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903667 S 43.475500 E, 30 m, 17 – 27. VII. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 8105919); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa NP, Mitoho Forest, 24.048500 S 43.7523333 E, 120 m, 24 – 29. X. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2174858, CASENT 2174863, CASENT 2174880); Tulear, Tsimanampetsotsa NP, Mitoho Forest, 24.048500 S 43.752333 E, 120 m, 23 – 31. I. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (MSVI, code CASENT 2174871); Tulear, 1 km N of Andranovelona, 23.443 S 43.886 E, 200 m, 16. XII. 1999, leg. M. Irwin & E. Schlinger, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 3003707); Tulear, 1 km SW of Manombe, 22.951000 S 43.464000 E, 3 m, 12. X. 2001, leg. M. Irwin, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8077237); Tulear, 20 km N of Tulear on Ferme d’Auberge Rd., 23.429 S 43.830 E, 200 m, 15 – 16. XII. 1999, leg. M. Irwin & E. Schlinger, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 3003715). Delta regina: Antananarivo, Park Tsimbazaza, 27. X. 1993, leg. C. Kassebeer, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Antsiranana, forest area 7 km N of Joffreville, 12.333333 S 49.250000 E, 360 m, 26. I. 2001, leg. M. Irwin, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8077343); Antsiranana, Foret d’Anabohazo, 21.6 km 247 ° WSW of Maromandia, 14.308889 S 47.914444 E, 120 m, 11 – 16. III. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2008781); Antsiranana, Marojejy, 10 km NW of Manantenina, tributary Manantenina R., 14.433333 S 49.761667 E, 750 m, 15 – 22. X. 1996, leg. Quinter & Nguyen, 1 ♀ (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC 00445387); Antsiranana, Montaigne Francais, 12.325000 S 49.333333 E, 150 m, 23. I. 2001, leg. M. Irwin, 3 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 8077300, CASENT 8077565; MSVI, code CASENT 8015280); Antsiranana, Rés. Spéciale de l’Ankarana, 22.9 km 224 ° SW of Anivorano Nord, 12.908889 S 49.109722 E, 80 m, 10 – 16. II. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2046482); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333 S 47.086000 E, 1360 m, 3 – 15. I. 2005, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105824); Fianarantsoa, Manombo Special Reserve, 20 km SSW of Farafangana, 23.028000 S 47.730000 E, 60 m, 10. XII. 1999, leg. M. Irwin & E. Schlinger, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 3003704; MSVI, code CASENT 3003703); Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana National Park, Talatakely, intersection of Trails B and BF, 950 - 950 m, 2. XI. 1998, leg. V. Lee & K. Ribardo, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 3003761); Fianarantsoa, Ranomafana National Park, Talatakely, research laboratory area, 21.248194 S 47.426917 E, 940 m, 30. X – 20. XI. 1998, leg. V. Lee & K. Ribardo, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 3003762); Fianarantsoa, Reserve Speciale de Manombo, X. 2000, leg. M. Irwin, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 3003773); Fianarantsoa, Parc Nacional Ranomafana, Bell Vue Trail, 21.260000 S 47.426667 E, 1000 m, 21. XII. 1999, leg. M. Irwin & E. Schlinger, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 3003706); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451167 S 47.613333 E, 33 m, 22 – 27. I. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin & F. Parker, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105806); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319333 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 19 – 26. X. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081402); Tamatave, Périnet Park, 11. X. 1993, leg. C. Kassebeer, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Tananarive, Antananarivo, Parc de Tsimbazaza, 1. XI. 1984, leg. R. W. Brooks, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (AMNH, codes AMNH _ IZC 00418840, AMNH _ IZC 0418841); Toamagina, Parc Nacional Andasibe (Perinet), 19 km E of Moramanga, 1000 m, 5. XII. 1999, leg. E. Schlinger, M. Irwin & H. Rasolondalao, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 3003710); Toamagina, Parc Nacional Andasibe (Perinet), 19 km E of Moramanga, 1000 m, 24. XII. 1999, leg. E. Schlinger, M. Irwin & H. Rasolondalao, 4 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 3003698, CASENT 3003700, CASENT 3003702; MSVI, code CASENT 3003705); Toliara, Parc National de Vohibasia, 44 km NE of Sakaraha, 22.666667 S 44.833333 E, 600 m, 11 – 17. X. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2177719); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle I near research station, 23.686500 S 44.591000 E, 165 m, 9 – 20. IX. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8600804); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903667 S 43.475500 E, 30 m, 29. VI – 6. VII. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 4 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2118513, CASENT 2118515, CASENT 2118517, CASENT 2118521; MSVI, code CASENT 2118519); 130 km E of Antananarivo, Andasibe, 12 – 26. III. 2012, 1 ♀ (MSVI). Delta sakalavum: Antsirabe, XI. 1936, leg. A. Seyrig, 2 ♂ (MSVI); Betroka, I. 1933, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Fianarantsoa, Miandritsara Forest, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792667 S 47.175667 E, 825 m, 15 – 24. I. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2047128); Lag Alaotra, VIII. 1928, leg. A. Seyrig, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Tananarivo, 1 ♀ (MSVI). Knemodynerus aequabilis: Tulear, Ambohimahavelona village, 33 km NE of Tulear, 23.440833 S 43.899667 E, 43 m, 21 – 26. X. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2068965); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Reserve, 23.7 S 44.7 E, 18. XI. 1984, leg. R. W. Brooks, 1 ♀ (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC 00418852). Knemodynerus pensus: 30 km E Ambanja, Moravalo, 1. XII. 2001, leg. Pljushtch, 1 ♂ (OLML); Mahajanga, PN Tsingy de Bemaraha, 3.4 km 93 ° E Bekopaka, Tombeau Vazimba, 19.141944 S 44.828056 E, 50 m, 6 – 10. XI. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046386); Toliara, Parc National de Vohibasia, 44 km NE of Sakaraha, 22.666667 S 44.833333 E, 600 m, 11 – 17. X. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 3 ♂ 4 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2118458, CASENT 2118471, CASENT 2118472, CASENT 2177720, CASENT 2177724; MSVI, codes CASENT 2118473, CASENT 2177725); Toliara, Parc National de Vohibasia, 44 km NE of Sakaraha, 22.666667 S 44.833333 E, 600 m, 26. X – 2. XI. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2118545, CASENT 2118546; MSVI, code CASENT 2177721); Tulear, 5 km N Mahabo, 20.383333 S 44.666667 E, 15 – 16. II. 1986, leg. J. Wenzel, 1 ♂ (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC 00418853); Tulear, Berenty Special Reserve, 8 km NW of Amboasary, 25.006667 S 46.303333 E, 85 m, 7. III. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2153802). Leptomenes schulthessianus: Antananarivo, Andebadeba, 4 km from Arivonimamo, 1600 m, 19.004833 S 47.142500 E, 14 – 21. X. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2047091); Antananarivo, Ankalalahana, 1375 m, 19.006667 S 47.112222 E, 29 – 31. III. 2011, leg. B. L. Fisher et al., 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2118499); Antsiranana, Forét Ambato, 26.6 km 33 ° NE of Ambanja, 150 m, 13.464444 S 48.551667 E, 8. XII. 2004, leg. B. L. Fisher, 3 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 2177622, CASENT 2177623; MSVI, code CASENT 2177624); Antsiranana, Montaigne Francais, 150 m, 12.372471 S 49.366322 E, 23. I. 2001, leg. M. E. Irwin, 2 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 8015293, CASENT 8077329); Antsiranana, Sakalava Beach, dwarf littoral forest, 10 m, 12.262778 S 49.397500 E, 18 – 31. V. 2011, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046427); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 1360 m, 20.173333 S 47.086000 E, 28. I – 7. II. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 8105813; MSVI, code CASENT 8105814); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 1360 m, 20.173333 S 47.086000 E, 30. III – 29. IV. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 8105816); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 1360 m, 20.173333 S 47.086000 E, 15 – 26. VII. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 8105914); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 1360 m, 20.173333 S 47.086000 E, 24. III – 8. IV. 2004, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105972); Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 1360 m, 20.173333 S 47.086000 E, 5 – 19. IX. 2004, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2047115, CASENT 2047119); Fianarantsoa, radio tower 22 km SW of Ilakaka, near Fianarantsoa / Tulear border, 1100 m, 22.779167 S 45.025000 E, 27. II – 6. III. 2002, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2081223); Mahajanga, Forét Tsimembo, 8.7 km 336 ° NW of Soatana, 20 m, 19.021389 S 44.440556 E, 21 – 25. XI. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046333); Mahajanga, Katsepy, 30. V – 3. VI. 1995, leg. M. Madl, 1 ♂ (NHMW); Mahajanga, Mahavavy River, 6.2 km 145 ° SE of Mitsinjo, 20 m, 16.051667 S 45.908333 E, 1 – 5. XII. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081185); Mahajanga, Sofia District, 45 km S of Antsohihy, 5 km W of Anjiamangirana, 97 m, 15.157000 S 47.734167 E, 13 – 19. XII. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2118539); Majunga, Ambatofolaka, Namoroka 53 km from Soalala, 3 km N of Vilanandro village, 16.473333 S 45.391333 E, 2 – 9. XI. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 8105974, CASENT 8105985); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 33 m, 15.451167 S 47.613333 E, 13 – 18. II. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin & F. Parker, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046275); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 33 m, 15.451167 S 47.613333 E, 23. XI – 8. XII. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin & F. Parker, 3 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 8105944, CASENT 8105946; MSVI, code CASENT 8105947); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 33 m, 15.451167 S 47.613333 E, 31. XII – 7. I. 2008, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin & F. Parker, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2047079; MSVI, code CASENT 2047082); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 43 m, 16.319333 S 46.813333 E, 9 – 20. XI. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153553); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 43 m, 16.319333 S 46.813333 E, 8 – 17. XII. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2153705; MSVI, code CASENT 2153704); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.133333 S 45.700000 E, 2 – 9. X. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2047004); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.133333 S 45.700000 E, 15 – 22. I. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105845); Majunga, Besalampy District, Analangidro dry forest, 7 km NE of Besalampy, 16.691500 S 44.523500 E, 24. IX – 2. X. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2166036); Majunga, Besalampy District, Analangidro dry forest, 7 km NE of Besalampy, 16.691500 S 44.523500 E, 23 – 28. X. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2166034); Majunga, Namoroka village, Befatika Andranovory, 7 km NW of Vilanandro village, 16.473333 S 45.391333 E, 9 – 16. XI. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105966); Nosy Komba, 25 – 26. V. 1995, leg. M. Madl, 1 ♀ (NHMW); Toliara, Fiherenana, 50 m, 23.235278 S 43.870833 E, 16 X – 16. XI. 2002, leg. Frontier Wilderness Project, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2177605); Toliara, Forét de Beroboka, 5.9 km 131 ° SE of Ankidranoka, 60 m, 22.233056 S 43.366389 E, 12 – 16. III. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2146156); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 180 m, 24.935000 S 46.626667 E, 30. X – 9. XI. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2053817); Tulear, Berenty Special Reserve, 8 km NW of Amboasary, 85 m, 25.006667 S 46.303333 E, 17 – 26. I. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153522); Tulear, Berenty Special Reserve, 8 km NW of Amboasary, 85 m, 25.006667 S 46.303333 E, 7 – 17. III. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2153692); Tulear, Berenty Special Reserve, 8 km NW of Amboasary, 85 m, 25.006667 S 46.303333 E, 17 – 24. III. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153812); Tulear, Beroboka village 45 km NE of Morondava, 19.977500 S 44.665333 E, 1 – 4. V. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2218490); Tulear, Beroboka village 45 km NE of Morondava, 19.977500 S 44.665333 E, 30. X – 6. XI. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (MSVI, code CASENT 2218493); Tulear, Beroboka village 45 km NE of Morondava, 19.977500 S 44.665333 E, 20 – 28. IV. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2218486); Tulear, Beroboka village 45 km NE of Morondava, 19.977500 S 44.665333 E, 28. IV – 6. V. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2218480); Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle I near research station, 165 m, 23.686500 S 44.591000 E, 9 – 20. IX. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 8600810, CASENT 8600811); Tulear, 5 km N Mahabo, 20.383333 S 44.666667 E, 15 – 16. II. 1985, leg. J. Wenzel, 1 ♂ (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC 00418855); Tulear, 8 km vor Sakaraha, Fluss-Tal (Tende), 15 – 18. V. 1997, leg. M. Madl, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (NHMW). Malagassodynerus subventricosus: Antananarivo, Massif de l’Ankratra, near Ambatolampy, 1. XII. 1999, leg. E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin & H. H. Rasolondalao, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 3003736); Fianarantsoa, Miandritsara Forest, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792676 S 47.175655, 825 m, 28. I – 9. II. 2005, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081359). Malgachemenes angustus: Antsiranana, Foret d’Analabe, 30.0 km 72 ° ENE Daraina, 15.157 S 47.734167 E, 30 m, 27. XI. 2003, leg. B. L. Fisher, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2218452); Fianarantsoa, Foret d’Analalava, 29.6 km 280 ° W Ranohira, 22.591667 S 45.128333 E, 700 m, 1 – 5. II. 2003, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2177675); Mahajanga, Foret Tsimembo 8.7 km 336 ° BBW Soatana, 19.021389 S 44.440556 E, 20 m, 21 – 25. XI. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2046332); Mahajanga, PN d’Anakarafantsika, Ampijoroa Station Forestière, 40 km 306 ° NW of Andranofasika, 16.320833 S 46.810556 E, 130 m, 26. III – 1. IV. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2001659); Mahajanga, PN de Namoroka, 9.8 km 300 ° WNW Vilanandro, 16.466667 S 45.35 E, 140 m, 4 – 8. XI. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2146065; MSVI, code CASENT 2177744); Mahajanga, PN de Namoroka, 16.9 km 317 ° NW Vilanandro, 16.406667 S 45.31 E, 100 m, 12 – 16. XI. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2218500); Mahajanga, PN de Namoroka, 17.8 km 329 ° WNW Vilanandro, 16.376667 S 45.326667 E, 100 m, 8 – 12. XI. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2081137); Mahajanga, Rés. Speciale de Bemarivo 23.8 km 223 ° SW of Besalampy, 16.925 S 44.368333 E, 30 m, 19 – 23. XI. 2002, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 2 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 2046360, CASENT 2046361); Mahajanga, Sofia district, 45 km S of Antsohihy, 5 km W of Anjiamangirana, 15.157 S 47.734167 E, 97 m, 13 – 19. XII. 2010, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2118540); Mahajanga, Sofia district, 45 km S of Antsohihy, 5 km W of Anjiamangirana, 13.083333 S 49.908333 E, 97 m, 26. V – 2. VI. 2011, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2118452); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451167 S 47.613333 E, 33 m, 11 – 20. XII. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin & F. Parker, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2047058); Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.451167 S 47.613333 E, 33 m, 31. XII. 2007 – 7. I. 2008, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin & F. Parker, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2047080); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.133333 S 45.7 E, 22 – 29. I. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 3 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 8105978, CASENT 8105979; MSVI, code CASENT 8105982); Majunga, Besalampy District, Marofototra dry forest, 17 km W of Besalampy, 16.721667 S 44.423667 E, 19 – 26. XI. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2069008); Toliara, PN de Kirindy Mitea, 15.5 km 64 ° ENE Marofandilia, 20.045 S 44.662222 E, 100 m, 28. XI – 3. XII. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 3 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 2046395, CASENT 2046397; MSVI, code CASENT 2046396); Tulear, Beroboka village 45 km NE Morondava, 19.9775 S 44.665333 E, 30. XII. 2007 – 7. I. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♂ (CAS, codes CASENT 2218481, CASENT 2218482); Tulear, Zombitse NP near ANGAP office, 22.8865 S 44.692167 E, 840 m, 15. X – 9. XI. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2053921); Tulear, Zombitse NP near ANGAP office, 22.8865 S 44.692167 E, 840 m, 9 – 19. XI. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2053928). Paramischocyttarus madagassus: Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319333 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 28. IX – 5. X. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2153652); Toliara, Foret de Kirindy, 15.5 km 64 ° ENE of Marofandilia, 20.069167 S 44.660556 E, 30 m, 19 – 26. XI. 2008, leg. B. L. Fisher, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2118453); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Ihazofotsy Parcelle III, 24.834833 S 46.486833 E, 80 m, 26. XII. 2002 – 5. I. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153581); Tulear, Androimpano Forest, 3 km E of Itampolo, 24.657833 S 43.956167 E, 45 m, 22 – 29. I. 2009, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174982); Tulear, Androimpano Forest, 5 km E of Itampolo, 24.650333 S 43.963167 E, 130 m, 4 – 11. XII. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2174984); Tulear, Cap Ste Marie Spec. Res., 74 km S of Tsihombe, 25.587667 S 45.163 E, 37 m, 26. X – 5. IX. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2081334; MSVI, code CASENT 2081335); Tulear, Mikea Forest NW of Manombo, 22.903667 S 43.4755 E, 30 m, 6 – 16. I. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081178). Raphiglossa lemuriae: Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173333 S 47.086 E, 1360 m, 30. III – 9. IV. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 8105815); Fianarantsoa, Miandritsara Forest, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792667 S 47.175667 E, 825 m, 25. X – 2. XI. 2005, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2081374); Fianarantsoa, Miandritsara Forest, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792667 S 47.175667 E, 825 m, 7 – 13. XII. 2005, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2081382); Fianarantsoa, Miandritsara Forest, 40 km S of Ambositra, 20.792667 S 47.175667 E, 825 m, 13 – 22. XI. 2006, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2047054); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319333 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 7 – 14. IX. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (MSVI, code CASENT 2153713); Majunga, Ampijoroa NP, 160 km N of Maevatanana on RN 04, 16.319333 S 46.813333 E, 43 m, 22 – 28. IX. 2003, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2153596); Toliara, Baje de St. Augustin, Onilahy-Tal, 27. V. 1998, leg. M. Madl, 1 ♀ (NHMW); Tulear, Cap Ste Marie Spec. Res., 74 km S of Tsihombe, 25.587667 S 45.163 E, 37 m, 14 – 22. VI. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2081328); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903667 S 43.4755 E, 30 m, 27. VII – 3. VIII. 2003, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 8105926). Tuleara leptochiloides: Majunga, Ambovomamy Belambo, 20 km NW of Port Berger, 15.4511 S 47.6133 E, 33 m, 22 – 27. I. 2007, leg. R. Harin’Hala, M. Irwin & F. Parker, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 8105812; MSVI, code CASENT 8105804); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.1333 S, 45.6999 E, 20 m, 20. XI – 4. XII. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046277); Tulear, 5 km N Mahabo, 20.3833 S 44.6667 E, 15 – 16. II. 1986, leg. J. Wenzel, 1 ♂ (AMNH, code AMNH _ IZC 00328312). Tuleara nigrita: Tulear, Beza Mahafaly Res., Parcelle I near research station, 23.6865 S 44.5909 E, 165 m, 29. III – 10. IV. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2153862); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.9036 S 43.4754 E, 30 m, 17 – 28. I. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046318; MSVI, code CASENT 2046319); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.9036 S 43.4754 E, 30 m, 19. II – 1. III. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2053909; MSVI, code CASENT 2053911); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.9036 S 43.4754 E, 30 m, 23. VII – 6. VIII. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 2 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2153847, CASENT 2153848); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.9133 S 43.4821 E, 30 m, 6 – 16. I. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2053904).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
190A0E05FF46FF57FF0AF9B10773C366.taxon	description	Zethus seyrigi: Bekily, II. 1933, leg. A. Seyrig, 1 ♂ (MSNVE); Bekily, I. 1937, leg. A. Seyrig, 1 ♂ (MSNVE); Toliara, PN de Kirindy Mitea, 16.3 km 127 ° SE of Belo sur Mer, 20.795278 S 44.146944 E, 80 m, 6 – 10. XII. 2001, leg. Fisher, Griswold et al., 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2081179); Tulear, Andohahela NP, Tsimelahy, Parcelle II, 24.936833 S 46.626667 E, 180 m, 28. III – 8. IV. 2003, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2118611); Tulear, Ifaty, 18 km N of Tulear, 23.1885 S 43.6239 E, 20 m, 14 – 15. XII. 1999, leg. M. Irwin & E. Schlinger, 2 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 3003732; MSVI, code CASENT 3003716); Tulear, Mikea Forest, NW of Manombo, 22.903667 S 43.4755 E, 30 m, 20 – 27. XI. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ (CAS, code CASENT 2153841). “ Giordania ” nigra: Fianarantsoa, PN Ranomafana, Belle Vue at Talatakely, 21.266499 S 47.420155 E, 1020 m, 23. VI – 4. VII. 2002, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2046457); Fianarantsoa, 50 km S of Farafangana, Mahabo Mananivo, Ampitavananima Forest, 23.129843 S 47.716999 E, 34 m, 13 – 20. I. 2007, leg. M. Irwin, F. Parker & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2047065); Toamagina, Parc Nacional Andasibe (Perinet), 19 km E of Moramanga, 1000 m, 23. XII. 1999, leg. E. I. Schlinger, M. E. Irwin & H. H. Rasolondalao, 2 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 3003712; MSVI, code CASENT 3003711). “ Odynerus ” hyalinelamellatus: Antsiranana, Sakalava Beach, dwarf littoral forest, 12.265505 S 49.390282 E, 10 m, 22 – 27. IV. 2001, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2081256); Toliara, Ranobe, 23.038349 S 43.609714 E, 20 m, 2 – 6. XII. 2003, leg. Frontier Wilderness Project, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2177637); Tulear, Zombitse NP near ANGAP office, 22.886509 S 44.692155 E, 840 m, 9 – 19. XI. 2001, leg. R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2053926). “ Odynerus ” melanus: Fénérive Est, 12. II. 1972, leg. L. & R. Blommers, 1 ♀ (MSNVE); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.1333 S 45.6999 E, 20 m, 2 – 9. X. 2007, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2047019); Majunga, Analamanitra Forest, 14 km NE of Misinjo, 16.1333 S 45.6999 E, 20 m, 15 – 22. I. 2008, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 8105847); Ranohira, 815 m, 30. III. 2008, leg. G. Pezzi, 1 ♀ (MSVI); Toliara, Fiherenana, 23.1769 S 43.9608 E, 100 m, 22 – 31. X. 2002, leg. Frontier Wilderness Project, 1 ♀ (CAS, code CASENT 2218536). “ Odynerus ” parvilamellatus: Fianarantsoa, Italaviana, 35 km SSE of Antsirabe, 20.173335 S 47.085997 E, 1360 m, 5 – 19. IX. 2004, leg. M. Irwin & R. Harin’Hala, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (CAS, codes CASENT 2047110, CASENT 2047117).	en	Selis, Marco (2025): The solitary vespid wasps of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae, Raphiglossinae and Zethinae). Zootaxa 5705 (1): 1-171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5705.1.1
