identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C0944F9FB518545397227835ABC5B2ED.text	C0944F9FB518545397227835ABC5B2ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurothallis matrisilvae Karremans, J. Gange & Pupulin 2025	<div><p>Pleurothallis matrisilvae Karremans, J. Gange &amp; Pupulin sp. nov.</p><p>Type.</p><p>Costa Rica. • Cartago: El Guarco, San Isidro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.892494&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.675278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.892494/lat 9.675278)">Madreselva, Tres de Junio, Carretera Interamericana Sur</a>, 9°40'31"N, 83°53'33"W, 2530 m, bosque pluvial montano, en bosque secundario de robles a orillas de la carretera, 5 March 2022, fl. in cult. 8 March 2022, A. P. Karremans &amp; J. Gange 9036 (holotype: JBL - spirit, M 0058!; Fig. 3)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The flower is superficially similar to that of  Pleurothallis bothros, however the new species may be distinguished by the prolific habit (vs. non-prolific), ramicauls linear, very thin throughout (vs. ramicauls subclavate, notably thickened apically), bearing 1–4 open flowers (vs. many, usually + 10, simultaneous flowers), the longer flower segments (dorsal sepal 7.4–7.6 vs. 6.5–6.6 mm, lateral sepals 6.6 vs. 6.0 mm, petals 5.6–5.7 vs. 3.8–4.0 mm, lip 4.1–4.3 vs. 3.1–3.5 mm), the lanceolate petals (vs. oblong) and the black flecks on the pedicel, ovary, and external surface of the sepals (vs. no flecks).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Epiphytic, caespitose, constitutively prolific, suberect to erect herbs, up to 30 cm tall. Roots flexuous, thin, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely spaced, appearing fasciculate. Ramicauls erect to suberect, slender, up to 28 cm long, covered by tubular sheaths close to the base, tightly adpressed, up to 5 cm long. Leaves spreading, glossy, dark green, coriaceous, sessile, ovate-cordate with downturned margins, acuminate, blades of the primary ramicaul 4.0–7.5 × 2.0– 3.8 cm. Inflorescences persistent, forming few to several successive multi-flowered coflorescences, each producing a single open flower, up to 4 different coflorescences bearing simultaneous single flowers, typically 1 or 2, subtended by a nearly prostrate or suberect spathe which appears deeply torn during and after anthesis, ca. 1 cm long; pedicels terete, pale gray-yellow, with irregular black flecks. Ovary clavate, 4.5–4.7 mm long, gray-green and suffused with yellow, similarly marked with black. Flowers spreading, yellow. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, slightly concave, obtuse, 3 - veined, with irregular black flecks on its adaxial surface, 7.4–7.6 × 4.5 mm, apiculate. Lateral sepals connate in an oblong, slightly concave synsepal, obtuse, 4 - veined, 6.6 × 5.8–5.9 mm. Petals linear-lanceolate, oblique, acute, 1 - veined, 5.6–5.7 × 1.0– 1.1 mm. Lip triangular-ovate, resting on the synsepal, 4.1–4.3 × 2.7–2.8, margins raised, apex slightly recurved, acute, glenion a deep cavity between the raised lateral margins. Column straight, transversely subrectangular, 1.7–1.9 mm long, apically 2.1 mm wide, with a ca. 1 mm column foot, the anther and stigma apical. Anther cap ovate, cucullate, obtuse at the base, bilobed apically, 2 - celled. Pollinarium composed of 2, narrowly ovate-pyriform pollinia, connected to a liquid, drop-like viscidium. Fruits and seeds unknown. This description is based on A. P. Karremans &amp; J. Gange 9036, D. E. Mora s. n., and D. Bogarín et al. 13652.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>Costa Rica. • Cartago:  Cordillera de Talamanca, alt. 2400 m, D. E. Mora s. n. (USJ!)  .   Cartago: El Guarco, Cañón, Bajo Gloria, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.91554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.704158" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.91554/lat 9.704158)">Centro Ecoturístico Los Robles, inicio del sendero Danta</a>, 9°42'14.97"N, 83°54'55.96"W, 2332 m, epífitas en árboles alrededor de los senderos, bosque muy húmedo montano bajo, 12 February 2022, fl. in cult. 19 April 2022, D. Bogarín 13652, S. Bogarín, M. Bonilla &amp; O. A. Pérez-Escobar (JBL - Spirit, E 1544!; Fig. 4 B)  . •   San José-Cartago: Dota-El Guarco, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.91946&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.681233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.91946/lat 9.681233)">Copey-Cañon, ca. 100 m deviation point in front of the Liceo Rural of Cañon, slopes of Cerro Artieda</a>, 9°40'52.44"N, 83°55'10.04”W, 2545 m, epiphytic on scattered trees in pastures and remnants of secondary woods, 3 March 2022, fl. in cult. 21 April 2022, F. Pupulin 8951 &amp; D. Bogarín (JBL - spirit, E 1545!)  .</p><p>Eponymy.</p><p>From the Latin “ matrisilva ”, mother-forest, honoring the locality Madreselva, where the type specimen was collected.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Flowering has been recorded at least from November to April, which approximately corresponds to the end of the rainy season and the first months of the dry season in Costa Rica.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Currently known only from central Costa Rica, where the species is found growing either epiphytically, mainly on oaks, or terrestrially, on the leaf mulch rich ground, in montane or cloud forests at high elevations around 2300–2550 m (Fig. 4 C).  Pleurothallis matrisilvae is not a particularly rare species, but all currently known specimens were collected in the same general area on the Cordillera de Talamanca in the province of Cartago.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Contrary to the other species described here,  Pleurothallis matrisilvae is typically prolific when growing as an epiphyte, while it is mostly non-prolific when found growing on top of organic matter on the ground. The new species is morphologically similar to  P. bothros and its relatives. It, however, grows at higher elevations and is distinguished by the often-prolific habit, the thin ramicauls and especially by having mainly one or two flowers open at once, which is unlike all other species in the  P. bothros group (Karremans and Jiménez 2018). It is most similar to  Pleurothallis bothros, which is endemic to the Cordillera de Guanacaste and Tilarán in the northern provinces of Alajuela, Guanacaste, and Puntarenas in Costa Rica, where it grows at mid elevations between 750 and 1750 m. The other two members of the  P. bothros group,  P. hawkingii Karremans &amp; J. E. Jiménez and  P. vide-vallis Karremans &amp; J. E. Jiménez can be easily separated from  P. matrisilvae by the non-prolific habit (vs. prolific), three or more flowers opening simultaneously (vs. typically one or two), their pale yellow flowers suffused with a pink (vs. solid yellow), the broad, oblique petals (vs. narrow, straight), and the proportionally much larger lip. Both are only known from the Cordillera de Guanacaste in northern Costa Rica (Karremans and Jiménez 2018).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C0944F9FB518545397227835ABC5B2ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Karremans, Adam P.;Pupulin, Franco;Gange, John;Bogarín, Diego	Karremans, Adam P., Pupulin, Franco, Gange, John, Bogarín, Diego (2025): Three new species of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae) from Costa Rica and Panama, with a note on asexual reproduction by prolification in Pleurothallidinae. PhytoKeys 256: 197-220, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.256.140316
A8E88CEDA6B45C9682E1EF16E883DE23.text	A8E88CEDA6B45C9682E1EF16E883DE23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurothallis pridgeoniana Karremans, Bogarin & Pupulin 2025	<div><p>Pleurothallis pridgeoniana Karremans, Bogarín &amp; Pupulin sp. nov.</p><p>Type.</p><p>Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.214325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.30137" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.214325/lat 9.30137)">camino a Cerros Utyum</a>, 9°18'04.93"N, 83°12'51.59"W, 2157 m, bosque pluvial montano bajo, epífitas en bosque secundario, 16 January 2017, fl. in cult. 20 December 2017, A. P. Karremans, D. Bogarín, M. Cedeño, I. Chinchilla, M. Díaz, E. Kaes, P. Lehmann &amp; O. Zúñiga 7600 (holotype: JBL - spirit, E 1514!; isotype, USJ!; Fig. 5)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Vegetatively similar to  P. vinealis, but distinguished by the significantly shorter plants, up to 30 cm long (vs. exceeding 1 m), the shorter ramicauls 7.5–26.0 cm (vs. up to 40 cm long), the significantly smaller dorsal sepal (6.8–7.0 × 3.3–3.4 mm vs. 11–14 × 4.5–5.5 mm), synsepal (5.5–6.5 × 4.1–4.2 mm vs. 11–14 × 4.5–5.5 mm), and lip (2.4–2.6 × 1.6–1.7 mm vs. 5.5–6.5 × 3 mm). The flowers are transparent yellow, with a rose to purple suffusion (vs. brown), the lip is triangular-ovate (vs. oblong) the margins being shortly glandular (vs. denticulate), slightly raised but lacking a central sulcus (vs. prominently sulcate).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Epiphytic, caespitose, strictly prolific, erect to suberect herb, up to 30 cm long. Roots flexuous, thin, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely spaced, appearing fasciculate. Primary ramicauls erect to suberect, slender, 7.5–26.0 cm long, with 2 basal tubular, tightly adpressed, papyraceous sheaths, up to 2.0–6.0 cm long. Secondary ramicauls 1.5–8.0 cm long, produced profusely from the floral meristem on the apex of prior ramicauls, being able to produce clumps and chains of multiple ramicauls before severing naturally. Leaves spreading to pendent, coriaceous, sessile, narrowly ovate to cordate, acute, blades of primary ramicauls 4.0–7.7 × 1.8–5.0 cm, blades on secondary ramicauls 2.5–5.2 × 1.0– 2.5 cm. Inflorescence persistent, forming successive multi-flowered coflorescences with a single open flower, subtended by a nearly prostrate or suberect spathe which appears deeply torn over time, ca. 1 cm long; pedicels cylindrical. Ovary slightly clavate, ca. 3 mm long, green, with a few black dots and occasional crystals. Flowers spreading, transparent yellow, with a rose to purple suffusion of varying intensity, especially observed on the petals, lip, column, and anther cap. Dorsal sepal narrowly ovate to elliptic, acute, 3 - veined, 6.8–7.0 × 3.3–3.4 mm. Lateral sepals connate in an ovate synsepal, acute, 4 - veined, 5.5–6.5 × 4.1–4.2 mm. Petals naturally drooping, linear-lanceolate, oblique, acute, 1 - veined, 5.1–5.4 × 0.6–0.7 mm, glandular, with the margins erose. Lip triangular-ovate, resting on the synsepal, 2.4–2.6 × 1.6–1.7 mm, blade glandular-papillose, margins minutely glandular, slightly raised, acute, shortly apiculate, with a pair of shoulder-like basal lobes. Glenion a shallow, oblong cavity between raised lateral margins. Column straight, transversely suboblong, ca. 1.5 mm long, with a short column foot, the anther and stigma apical. Anther cap ovate, cucullate, obtuse, 2 - celled. Pollinarium composed of 2 narrowly ovate-pyriform pollinia connected to a liquid, drop-like viscidium. Fruits and seeds unknown. This description is based on A. P. Karremans et al. 7600, A. P. Karremans et al. 9135, D. Bogarín et al. 8632, D. Bogarín et al. 12131 and I. Chinchilla et al. 2865.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>Costa Rica-Panama. • Puntarenas-Chiriquí: Coto Brus-Renacimiento, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.73309&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.914416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.73309/lat 8.914416)">línea fronteriza entre Cerro Quijada del Diablo y Cerro Pando, entre mojones N. 336–338</a>, 8°54'51.9"N, 82°43'59.13"W, 2205 m, bosque muy húmedo premontano, epífita en bosque primario, “ in itinere per limitem Costa Rica et Panama inter montis Quijada del Diablo et montis Pando ”, 19 April 2011, fl. in cult. 14 March 2022, D. Bogarín, D. Jiménez &amp; A. P. Karremans 8632 (JBL - spirit, E 1542!, Fig. 5 B)  .   Costa Rica-Panama. • Puntarenas-Chiriquí: Coto Brus-Renacimiento, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.73309&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.914416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.73309/lat 8.914416)">línea fronteriza entre Cerro Quijada del Diablo y Cerro Pando, entre mojones N. 336–338</a>, 8°54'51.9"N, 82°43'59.13"W, 2205 m, bosque muy húmedo premontano, epífita en bosque primario, “ in itinere per limitem Costa Rica et Panama inter montis Quijada del Diablo et montis Pando ”, 19 April 2011 fl. in cult. 8 October 2021, D. Bogarín 8637, D. Jiménez &amp; A. P. Karremans (JBL - spirit, A 0558!)  .   Costa Rica. • Puntarenas: Coto Brus, Sabalito, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.74191&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.946139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.74191/lat 8.946139)">Zona Protectora Las Tablas, 13 km al noreste de Lucha, Sitio Coto Brus, entre Río Surá y Quebrada Sutú, Finca de Miguel Sandí</a>, 8°56'46.1"N, 82°44'30.9"W, 1778 m, bosque pluvial montano bajo, epífitas en potreros arbolados, 6 June 2010, A. P. Karremans 2829 &amp; D. Bogarín (Fig. 6 I)  . •   Puntarenas: Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.214325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.30137" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.214325/lat 9.30137)">camino a Cerros Utyum</a>, 9°18'04.93"N, 83°12'51.59"W, 2157 m, bosque pluvial montano bajo, epífitas en bosque secundario, 16 January 2017, D. Bogarín, M. Cedeño, I. Chinchilla, M. Díaz, E. Kaes, A. P. Karremans, P. Lehmann &amp; O. Zúñiga 12131 [JBL - spirit, A 0375! (fl. in cult. 9 May 2019), A 0877! (fl. in cult. 21 March 2023)]  . •   Puntarenas: Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.21503&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.299075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.21503/lat 9.299075)">Olán, en el sendero de la Transutyum, después del arbolado</a>, 9°17'56.67"N, 83°12'54.12"W, 2107 m, bosque pluvial montano bajo, bosque primario, epífita, a media luz, 16 January 2017, I. Chinchilla, D. Bogarín, A. P. Karremans, M. Díaz-Morales, M. Cedeño &amp; E. Kaes 2865 [JBL - spirit, A 0187! (fl. in cult. 19 December 2018), K 0154! (fl. in cult. 18 agosto 2021), E 1543! (fl. in cult. 14 marzo 2022), Fig. 6 R]  . •   Puntarenas: Buenos Aires, Potrero Grande, Altamira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.97833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.084722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.97833/lat 9.084722)">Parque Internacional La Amistad, Sector Altamira, sendero al Valle del Silencio, base del Cerro Hoffmann</a>, 9°05'05"N, 82°58'42"W, 2450 m, 15 May 2022, A. P. Karremans, I. Chinchilla, L. Oses, G. Rojas-Alvarado &amp; F. Vargas Acuña 9135 [JBL - spirit, A 0934! (fl. in cult. 25 July 2024), A 0937! (fl. in cult. 25 July 2023), K 0412! (fl. in cult. 3 April 2024)]  . •   Puntarenas: Coto Brus, Sabalito, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.74191&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.946139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.74191/lat 8.946139)">Zona Protectora Las Tablas, 13 km al noreste de Lucha, Sitio Coto Brus, entre Río Surá y Quebrada Sutú, Finca de Miguel Sandí</a>, 8°56'46.1"N, 82°44'30.9"W, 1778 m, bosque pluvial montano bajo, epífitas en potreros arbolados, 6 June 2010, D. Bogarín &amp; A. P. Karremans 7718 (Fig. 6 E, H, N)  .  Same locality and date, D. Bogarín 7742 &amp; A. P. Karremans (Fig. 6 B) .  Same locality and date, D. Bogarín 7743 &amp; A. P. Karremans (Fig. 6 D) . •   Límite entre Limón y Puntarenas: Talamanca-Buenos Aires, Bratsi-Potrero Grande, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.97715&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.093945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.97715/lat 9.093945)">Parque Internacional La Amistad, Sector Altamira, sendero al Valle del Silencio, Cerro Hoffman, sobre la divisoria de aguas</a>, 9°05'38.2"N, 82°58'37.73"W, 2553 m, bosque pluvial montano, 14 August 2012, fl. in cult. 7 February 2019, D. Bogarín 9806, M. Fernández, J. Godínez, A. P. Karremans, J. Kruizinga &amp; C. Smith (JBL - spirit, A 0216!, Fig. 6 F, O)  . •   Puntarenas: Coto Brus, Sabalito, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.74191&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.946139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.74191/lat 8.946139)">Zona Protectora Las Tablas</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.74191&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.946139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.74191/lat 8.946139)">13 km al noreste de Lucha, Sitio Coto Brus</a>, 8°56'46.1"N, 82°44'30.9"W, 1778 m, finca “ El Capricho ” de Miguel Sandí, principalmente en árboles de  Quercus en las lomas y potreros al margen del río Sutú, bosque muy húmedo premontano, 6 October 2010, M. Fernández 382, R. L. Dressler, D. Bogarín &amp; F. Pupulin [JBL - spirit, D 5618!, A 0209! (fl. in cult. 5 February 2019), Fig. 6 G, L]  .  Same locality and date, M. Fernández 385, R. L. Dressler, D. Bogarín &amp; F. Pupulin (Fig. 6 A) . •   Puntarenas: Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.21353&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.301261" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.21353/lat 9.301261)">Olán, camino a los cerros Utyúm en bosque maduro</a>, 9°18'04.54"N, 83°12'48.72"W, 2129 m, bosque pluvial montano bajo, 16 January 2017, M. Díaz 305, D. Bogarín, M. Cedeño, I. Chinchilla, A. P. Karremans, P. Lehmann y O. Zúñiga [JBL - spirit, A 0560! (fl. in cult. 8 October 2021), A 0575! (fl. in cult. 3 November 2021), Fig. 6 S – T]  . •   Puntarenas: Buenos Aires, Potrero Grande, Altamira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.97706&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.077416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.97706/lat 9.077416)">Parque Internacional La Amistad, Sector Altamira,, sendero al Valle del Silencio, ca. 1 km después de Cerro Quemado</a>, 9°04'38.7"N, 82°58'37.4"W, 2284 m, bosque pluvial montano, 14 August 2012, A. P. Karremans 5685, D. Bogarín, M. Fernández, J. Godínez, J. Kruizinga &amp; C. M. Smith (Fig. 6 M)  . •   Puntarenas: Coto Brus, Sabalito, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.74191&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.946139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.74191/lat 8.946139)">Zona Protectora Las Tablas, 13 km NE of Lucha, Sitio Coto Brus, finca Sandí “ El Capricho ”</a>, 8°56'46.1"N, 82°44'30.9"W, 1778 m, epiphytic, mostly on  Quercus sp. in pastures and along the river Sutú, wet premontane forest, 6 October 2010, F. Pupulin 7887, D. Bogarín, R. L. Dressler &amp; M. Fernández (Fig. 6 Q)  .  Same locality and date, fl. in cult. 6 December 2012, F. Pupulin et al. 7910 (JBL - spirit, D 5640!, Fig. 6 K) .  Same locality and date, F. Pupulin et al. 7893 (JBL - spirit, Fig. 6 J) . •   Puntarenas: Coto Brus, Sabalito, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.748634&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.923779" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.748634/lat 8.923779)">Finca Las Tinieblas, propiedad de Billen Gamboa, filas hacia el norte del potrero principal</a>. 8°55'25.6"N, 82°44'55.1"W, altitud 1975 m. Bosques maduros dominados por  Quercus spp. 10 December 2023, fl. in cult. 9 September 2024, L. Álvarez 1404, B. Gamboa, M. Mata-Quirós, G. Ramírez, F. Rodríguez, J. H. Flores (JBL - spirit!)  .</p><p>Eponymy.</p><p>Honoring the English botanist Alec M. Pridgeon, renowned worldwide for his seminal research on orchid anatomy and phylogenetics, including Pleurothallidinae. A founding editor of the journal  Lindleyana and main editor of the monumental series of books Genera Orchidacearum, which laid the foundation for the contemporary understanding of orchid relationships.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Plants in cultivation have been recorded in flower virtually year-round, with flowering peaks in November and February, coinciding in Costa Rica with the end of the rainy season and the beginning of the dry season.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Currently known only from southern Costa Rica and western Panama, where plants grow either epiphytically or terrestrially on organic matter in oak forests at high elevations, around 1800–2550 m.  Pleurothallis pridgeoniana is locally abundant at high elevations on the Cordillera de Talamanca, in the Puntarenas (Costa Rica) and Chiriquí (Panama) provinces respectively. This notoriously prolific species is often found forming large pending mats or clumps in primary and mature forests.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pleurothallis pridgeoniana is easily recognized by the large bushy habit derived from constitutive prolification, in which each ramicaul eventually produces vegetative growths apically, thus originating chains of multiple ramicauls (Fig. 7). The new species seems to be vegetatively most similar to  P. vinealis from Colombia and Ecuador, which Luer (2005) distinguished by its unique vine-like habit, with prolific ramicauls that twine and branch, apparently attaining more than a meter in length. From  P. vinealis,  P. pridgeoniana can be distinguished by the significantly shorter plants, up to 30 cm long (vs. exceeding a meter), the shorter ramicauls 7.5–26.0 cm (vs. up to 40 cm long), the significantly smaller flowers, dorsal sepal 6.8–7.0 × 3.3–3.4 mm (vs. 11–14 × 4.5–5.5 mm), synsepal 5.5–6.5 × 4.1–4.2 mm (vs. 11–14 × 4.5–5.5 mm), lip triangular-ovate (vs. oblong), 2.4–2.6 × 1.6–1.7 mm (vs. 5.5–6.5 × 3 mm). The flowers are transparent yellow, with a rose to purple suffusion (vs. brown), the lip is triangular-ovate (vs. oblong) the margins glandular (vs. denticulate), slightly raised but lacking a central sulcus (vs. notably sulcate).</p><p>Florally, the non-prolific  Pleurothallis applanata Luer &amp; Dalström and  P. undulata Poepp. &amp; Endl. (following Luer 2005) are reminiscent of  P. pridgeoniana . The new species can be distinguished from the former, a species from Ecuador and Peru, by longer ramicauls (up to 26 vs. 12 cm), the smaller flowers, with shorter sepals (5.5–7.0 vs. 9.5–10.0 mm long), narrower (0.6–0.7 vs. 1 mm long), glandular petals, with erose margins (vs. smooth, entire), the shorter and narrower (2.4–2.6 × 1.6–1.7 vs. 4.5 × 2.2 mm) lip, shortly apiculate (vs. obtuse), and erect, subrectangular column, (vs. dorsally compressed on a plane with the lip). From the latter, endemic to Peru, it can be distinguished by the shorter (5.5–6.5 vs. 6–9 mm) synsepal, naturally drooping petals (vs. horizontal to elevated), and the shorter lip (2.4–2.6 vs. 3.0–4.0 mm), with a pair of shoulder-like basal lobes (vs. lip unlobed).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8E88CEDA6B45C9682E1EF16E883DE23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Karremans, Adam P.;Pupulin, Franco;Gange, John;Bogarín, Diego	Karremans, Adam P., Pupulin, Franco, Gange, John, Bogarín, Diego (2025): Three new species of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae) from Costa Rica and Panama, with a note on asexual reproduction by prolification in Pleurothallidinae. PhytoKeys 256: 197-220, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.256.140316
07227E51075C56C599C4C8EC5704B31E.text	07227E51075C56C599C4C8EC5704B31E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pleurothallis winkeliana Karremans, Bogarin & Pupulin 2025	<div><p>Pleurothallis winkeliana Karremans, Bogarín &amp; Pupulin sp. nov.</p><p>Type.</p><p>Costa Rica. • Puntarenas: Coto Brus, Sabalito, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.74191&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.946139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.74191/lat 8.946139)">Zona Protectora Las Tablas, 13 km al noreste de Lucha, Sitio Coto Brus, entre Río Surá y Quebrada Sutú, Finca de Miguel Sandí</a>, 8°56'46.1"N, 82°44'30.9"W, 1778 m, bosque pluvial montano bajo, epífita en potreros arbolados, 20 April 2012, fl. in cult. 25 June 2012, A. P. Karremans &amp; J. Geml 5403 (holotype: JBL - spirit, E 0966!; Figs 8, 9 A – E)  .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Morphologically closely resembling  P. longipetala Bogarín &amp; Belfort, but distinguished by the occasionally prolific plant that produces clumps of ramicauls (vs. non-prolific), the proportionally broader (ratio length: width = 2: 1 vs 3: 1) leaves, cordate in shape (vs. narrowly ovate-lanceolate) with overlapping basal lobes (vs. basal lobes non-overlapping), the smaller flower (&lt;1.5 vs&gt; 2. 0 cm), the shorter and narrower petals (5.4–5.7 × 0.7–0.8 vs. 7.9–8.6 × 1.6–1.7 mm) and by the lip, which is pendent and perpendicular to the column (vs erect, parallel to the column), and obscurely glandular (vs. thickly verrucose).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Epiphytic, caespitose, occasionally prolific, erect to suberect herb, up to 25 cm tall. Roots flexuous, thin, ca. 1 mm in diameter, densely spaced, appearing fasciculate. Primary ramicauls erect to suberect, slender, up to 9.0–23.0 cm long, with 2 tubular, tightly adpressed, papyraceous sheaths, up to 2.5–4.3 cm long, one close to the base, and another reaching the middle of the ramicaul. Secondary ramicauls 1.0– 3.5 cm long, produced profusely from the floral meristem on the apex of primary ramicaul, being able to produce clumps of multiple ramicauls before severing naturally. Leaves horizontal to suberect, coriaceous, sessile, cordate, acute, with the basal lobes confluent to overlapping. Blades of primary ramicauls 4.0–9.6 × 1.5–4.0 cm, blades on secondary ramicauls 1.5–5.4 × 0.6–1.7 cm. Inflorescences persistent, forming successive multi-flowered coflorescences with a single open flower, subtended by a nearly prostrate or suberect spathe which appears deeply torn over time, ca. 1 cm long; pedicels terete, pale gray-yellow, with irregular black flecks. Ovary slightly clavate, bent, 3.0– 3.2 mm long, green, with occasional black dots. Flowers spreading, transparent purple, with dark purple petals and lip, a whitish column, suffused with pink, and a yellowish anther cap. Dorsal sepal elliptic, acute, 3 - veined, 8.5 × 4.0– 4.2 mm. Lateral sepals connate in a narrowly ovate synsepal, acute, 4 - veined, 7.3–7.8 × 4.7–4.8 mm. Petals linear, oblique, acute, 1 - veined, 5.4–5.7 × 0.7–0.8 mm, with glandular margins. Lip triangular-ovate, resting on the synsepal, 2.6–2.8 × 2.3 mm, blade glandular, margins glandular-erose, acute, shortly apiculate, glenion a deep, oblong basal cavity. Column straight, transversely subrectangular, ca. 1.5 mm long, with a very short, glandular column foot, the anther and stigma apical. Anther cap ovate, cucullate, obtuse, 2 - celled. Pollinarium composed of 2, narrowly ovate-pyriform pollinia, connected to a liquid, drop-like viscidium. Fruits and seeds unknown. This description is based on A. P. Karremans &amp; J. Geml 5403.</p><p>Additional specimens examined.</p><p>Costa Rica. • Limón: Talamanca, Telire. Cordillera de Talamanca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.18667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.446667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.18667/lat 9.446667)">Parque Internacional La Amistad (ACLA-C), sendero de la transtalamanca, bajando de la Fila Bugú hacia el Río Tapari</a>, 09°26'48.00"N, 83°11'12.00"W, 1380 m, bosque pluvial premontano, bosque primario, epífita, a media luz, collected 27 April 2017, I. Chinchilla 3408, A. P. Karremans, G. Rojas-Alvarado, M. Cedeño, E. Kaes &amp; O. Zúñiga [JBL - spirit, J 0784! (prepared 14 May 2018), A 0366! (prepared 2 May 2019)]  . •   Puntarenas: Buenos Aires, Potrero Grande, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.976776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.082277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.976776/lat 9.082277)">Altamira</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.976776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=9.082277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.976776/lat 9.082277)">Parque Internacional La Amistad, Sector Altamira, sendero al Valle del Silencio, cerca Cerro Hoffman</a>, 9°04'56.2"N, 82°58'36.4"W, 2347 m, bosque pluvial montano, 30 August 2011, D. Bogarín 9138 &amp; A. P. Karremans (Fig. 9 F)  .  Same locality and date, D. Bogarín 9140 &amp; A. P. Karremans (Fig. 9 F) . •   Puntarenas: Coto Brus, Sabalito, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.74191&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.946139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.74191/lat 8.946139)">Zona Protectora Las Tablas, 13 km al noreste de Lucha, Sitio Coto Brus, entre Río Surá y Quebrada Sutú, Finca de Miguel Sandí</a>, 8°56'46.1"N, 82°44'30.9"W, 1778 m, bosque pluvial montano bajo, epífita en potreros arbolados, collected 20 April 2012, A. P. Karremans &amp; J. Geml 5403 (JBL - D 6595! (prepared 9 January 2015), JBL - A 0237! (prepared 29 November 2018), JBL - A 0250! (prepared 21 February 2019), JBL - J 1024! (prepared 12 July 2016).</p><p>Eponymy.</p><p>Honoring Dutch botanist Gab van Winkel (1955–2023), late editor of Orchideeën, journal of the Dutch Orchid Society (Nederlandse Orchideeën Vereniging), and director of the official website of the European Orchid Council (EOC). Gab has been recognized for devoting his life to the study of orchids (Anghelescu et al. 2024), and his untimely passing has been a great loss.</p><p>Phenology.</p><p>Flowering of  P. winkeliana has been recorded from November to July, mostly corresponding to the dry season in Costa Rica.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Currently known only from the southern Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica, where plants grow epiphytically in primary forests at around 1400–2300 m of elevation.  Pleurothallis winkeliana appears to be rare but is found on both watersheds of the Cordillera de Talamanca in southern Costa Rica, close to the Panamanian border, where it has been recorded in the neighboring Limón and Puntarenas provinces.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Pleurothallis winkeliana belongs to the  P. phyllocardia assemblage (sensu Pupulin et al. 2021), characterized by presenting mostly narrow leaves, an erect to suberect, non prostrate spathaceous bract [except in  P. adventurae Karremans &amp; Bogarín (Karremans and Bogarín 2011: 112)], and coriaceous flowers that remain open after anthesis. In Costa Rica, this assemblage includes 13 species and a natural hybrid.  Pleurothallis winkeliana is most similar to  P. longipetala, which was described from Tapantí in central Costa Rica, growing at an elevation of 1453 m. From the latter,  P. winkeliana is mostly distinguished by the taller habit, and by its frequently prolific stems, that are topped by comparatively broad (ratio length: width = 2: 1 vs 3: 1) cordate leaves (vs. narrowly ovate-lanceolate), which bear overlapping (vs. non-overlapping) basal lobes. The flowers of  Pleurothallis winkeliana are smaller, with the smaller petals (5.4–5.7 × 0.7–0.8 vs. 7.9–8.6 × 1.6–1.7 mm), distinctly narrower at the base (vs. broadened at the base), and the lip is geniculate at the base and held perpendicularly to the column (vs. straight, parallel), with the blade obscurely glandular (vs. thick verrucose). The new species is also reminiscent of  Pleurothallis anthurioides A. Doucette from Costa Rica and Panama (Pupulin et al. 2021), but the flowers are much smaller (e. g. sepal length 7.3–8.5 vs. 12–19 mm, petals 5.4–5.7 × 0.7–0.8 vs. 10–13 × 3–4 mm), the petals are linear (vs. oblong) and the lip triangular-ovate (vs. oblong-peltate).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/07227E51075C56C599C4C8EC5704B31E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Karremans, Adam P.;Pupulin, Franco;Gange, John;Bogarín, Diego	Karremans, Adam P., Pupulin, Franco, Gange, John, Bogarín, Diego (2025): Three new species of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae) from Costa Rica and Panama, with a note on asexual reproduction by prolification in Pleurothallidinae. PhytoKeys 256: 197-220, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.256.140316
