identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
276A512DFFE2FF9CFF76FAA6EABD0751.text	276A512DFFE2FF9CFF76FAA6EABD0751.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllonorycter stenopterae Lu & Yao & Liu 2025	<div><p>Phyllonorycter stenopterae Lu &amp; Liu,  sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1–2, 5–6, 9, 11–16)</p><p>ĨŇÎDzš [Chinese name]</p><p>Diagnosis. The new species is similar to  Phyllonorycter engelhardiae Kumata, 1973 and  P. drepanota (Meyrick, 1928), but can be distinguished by the following characteristics. In the male of the new species, the basal 2/3 of the valva dorsal margin is straight, the distal 1/3 is convex, the valva bears a saccular process basally, the phallus exhibits a V-shaped notch distally with a tiny barb on each side of the notch, the eighth sternite is triangular. In the female, the seventh abdominal segment fused with the eighth, the anterior apophyses are very minute, often not visible, the seventh sternite protruded over ostium bursae into a semicircular flap, notched on distal margin. In the male of  P. engelhardiae, the valva is similar to new species, but the saccular process is absent on the base, the distal 1/6 of the phallus is suddenly narrowed, hook-like processes are absent, the notch on the posterior margin of the eighth sternite is triangular; in the female, the anterior apophyses are well developed (Kumata 1973: Fig. 8). In  P. drepanota, the valva dorsal margin is arc-shaped, the basal 2/3 of ventral margin is straight, the distal 1/3 is deeply emarginate, the saccular process is absent on the base of the valva, the phallus has a pair of large hook-like processes distally, the eighth sternite is subrectangular with apical margin slightly serrated; the female genitalia is very similar but the projection of seventh sternite is less incised, the anterior apophyses is slightly more pronounced (Kumata 1973: Fig. 6).</p><p>Type material.   Holotype, ♂, CHINA: Shandong, Yantai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.381&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.259" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.381/lat 37.259)">Mt. Zhuque</a>, 37.259°N, 121.381°E, 300 m, 14.vii.2022, mine on leaves of  Pterocarya stenoptera, emerged 22.vii.2022 (indoors), leg. Ming Lu, field no. LU00258, genitalia slide no. LM0150, SDNU. Ent 041931; SDNU.</p><p>Paratypes (all China): 1♂,   Shandong, Qingdao, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.593&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.21" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.593/lat 36.21)">Mt. Lao</a>, 36.210°N, 120.593°E, 390 m, 10.vii.2015, leg. Tengteng Liu, SDNU. Ent 150863 ;   2♀, Shandong, Yantai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.762&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.267" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.762/lat 37.267)">Mt. Kunyu</a>, 37.267°N, 121.762°E, 300 m, 6.viii.2019, mine on leaves of  Pt. stenoptera, emerged 17–20.viii.2019 (indoors), leg. Tengteng Liu, field no. LTT00713, SDNU. Ent 012155, SDNU. Ent 012156 (LM0072 ♀) ;  1♂,   Shandong, Linyi, Pingyi County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.544" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.875/lat 35.544)">Mt. Meng</a>, 35.544°N, 117.875°E, 400 m, 5.vii.2022, mine on leaves of  Pt. stenoptera, emerged 17.vii.2022 (indoors), leg. Ming Lu, field no. LU00255, SDNU. Ent 041927 (LM0140 ♂, DNA barcode) ;   1♂, 3♀, data same as holotype, SDNU.  Ent 041928–29, SDNU. Ent 041930 (LM0151 ♀), SDNU. Ent 041932 (LM0139 ♂, DNA barcode) ;   2♂, 3♀, Shandong, Yantai, Qixia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.226" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.055/lat 37.226)">Mt. Ya National Forest Park</a>, 37.226°N, 121.055°E, 400 m, 16.vii.2022, mine on leaves of  Pt. stenoptera, emerged 29.vii.2022 (indoors), leg. Ming Lu, field no. LU00271, SDNU. Ent 041935–36, SDNU. Ent 041937 (LM0165 ♂), SDNU. Ent 04648–49  .</p><p>Other specimens.  1 pressed mine with a pupa, Shandong, Qingdao, Mt. Juyu, 36.069°N, 120.343°E, 100 m, 12.vii.2022, leg. Ming Lu, field no. LU00341;  1 pressed mine with a pupa, Shandong, Weifang, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=118.29&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.46" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 118.29/lat 36.46)">Mt. Yangtian</a>, 36.46°N, 118.29°E, 14.viii.2022, leg. Ming Lu, field no. LU00380 (Figs 15–16)  .</p><p>Adult (Figs 1–2). Forewing length 2.3–2.6 mm (HT = 2.6 mm). Frons white, interspersed with a few yellowish-brown scales. Piliform scales tuft on vertex yellowish-brown mixed with white. Labial palpus white, black ventrally. Antenna almost as long as forewing, scape yellowish-brown on dorsum, white ventrally, flagellomeres yellowish-brown with a black ring. Dorsal thorax and tegula yellowish brown, the former with three white longitudinal stripes. Forewing ground color yellowish brown, markings beige, edged basally with black scales, five costal and three dorsal strigulae; medio-basal streak about 1/4 length of forewing, edged with black scale; first costal strigula at basal 1/3, outwardly oblique, linear; second costal strigula at basal 1/2, parallel to first and similar in size; third costal strigula at distal 1/3, vertical, triangular; fourth and fifth costal strigula near apex, vertical, linear, with a row of white scales; first dorsal strigula at basal 1/3, outwardly oblique, rod-shaped, second and third dorsal strigulae located at basal 1/2 and distal 1/4, parallel to first dorsal strigula and similar in size; cilia grayish white on dorsum, basal half black and distal half yellow on termen. Hindwing and cilia uniformly gray. Legs beige; at basal 1/2 of fore femur and tibia dark brown, at distal 1/2 fore tarsus with two dark brown spots; mid tibia with two faint yellowish-brown twill stripes, mid tarsus with two dark brown spots, distal yellowish-brown; hind tibia with one yellowish-brown spot, hind tarsus with two wide dark brown spots. Abdomen dark brown dorsally, grayish white ventrally; genital segments with yellow tuft.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 5). Tegumen elongately conical, tuba analis scarcely produced, without micro-spines. Transtilla well sclerotized. Valva symmetrical, almost equal to tegumen, basal 2/3 of dorsal margin straight, distal 1/3 outwardly convex, ventral margin straight, rounded distally; saccular process present, about 1/2 length of valva, sclerotized, wide at base, gradually narrowed to a curved apex; setae dense and short at apex, gradually sparse and elongated towards base, at basal 2/3 nearly absent. Vinculum + saccus V-shaped, rounded distally. Phallus almost as long as valva, basal 2/3 membranous, containing one sclerotized rod, distal 1/3 weakly sclerotized, strongly sclerotized before apex, a V-shaped notch apically with a tiny barb on each side of notch. Eighth sternite triangular, rounded distally.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 6). Anal papillae densely setose. Posterior apophyses wide basally, tapered apically; seventh abdominal segment tightly fused with the eighth, seventh sternite covering ostium bursae with a semicircular projection, its posterior margin deeply notched; anterior apophyses absent or very minute. Ostium bursae with strongly sclerotized margins, about 1/2 width of length of posterior apophyses. Antrum tubular, weakly sclerotized. Ductus bursae slender and membranous. Corpus bursae nearly ellipsoidal, signum with one conical odontoid process, slightly curved.</p><p>Pupa (Fig. 9). Length 2.5–3.1 mm, width 0.5–0.7 mm. Yellowish-brown. Cocoon cutter triangular. Segments II to VII densely covered with short spinous processes dorsally. Antenna from dorsal side of compound eyes to middle of segment VII. Labial palpus and proboscis from posterior margin of labrum, proboscis extending anterior margin of segments I. Fore, mid and hind leg extending obliquely to middle ventrally; fore femora reaching anterior margin of segment I, tarsus reaching posterior margin of segment III; mid tarsus reaching posterior margin of segment VI; hind tarsus reaching middle of segment VIII. Forewing extending obliquely to middle ventrally with costa along antenna, reaching near anterior margin of segment VI. Segment X sharply constricted, slender, rounded distally. Cremaster with one pair of small spines, curving distally, located at distal of segment X.</p><p>Biology (Figs 11–14). The mine is located on the upper side of the leaf. In the early stage, the mine appears as a blotch with black spots arranged in a spiral pattern. As the larvae develop, the mine becomes elliptical, and the black spots on the upper surface expand outward from the center toward the edges. In mature mines, the leaf margin bends upward, and the upper epidermis develops fine wrinkles, while the lower epidermis lacks transparent spots. Mines of different instars can be collected starting in July, with mature mines collected in August. Based on these observations, it is inferred that this species has one or two generations per year and likely overwinters as pupae or adults.</p><p>Host plants.  Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC. ( Juglandaceae).</p><p>Distribution. China (Shandong).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is derived from the specific name of the host plant. In the naming,  " stenopterae " is used as a noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition to the generic name to mean "a species hosted by  Pterocarya stenoptera ".</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/276A512DFFE2FF9CFF76FAA6EABD0751	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lu, Ming;Yao, Zhicheng;Liu, Tengteng	Lu, Ming, Yao, Zhicheng, Liu, Tengteng (2025): Leaf-mining moths of the genus Phyllonorycter Hübner (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) associated with Juglandaceae in China, with descriptions of two new species and one newly recorded species. Zootaxa 5621 (4): 453-464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.4
276A512DFFE4FF9EFF76F90BEE0E0799.text	276A512DFFE4FF9EFF76F90BEE0E0799.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllonorycter tumoris Lu & Yao & Liu 2025	<div><p>Phyllonorycter tumoris Lu &amp; Liu,  sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 3, 7, 10, 17–18)</p><p>ÊẊÎDzš [Chinese name]</p><p>Diagnosis. The forewing of this species is similar to  Phyllonorycter pterocaryae (Kumata, 1963), but they can be clearly distinguished by the male genitalia. In the male of new species, the dorsal margin of the valva has several tuberculated processes, and a square process at the ventral base of valva. In  P. pterocaryae, the valva has a smooth dorsal margin without processes, with one triangular process at the ventral base (Kumata 1963: Fig. 6).</p><p>Type material.   Holotype, ♂, CHINA: Shandong, Qingdao, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.343&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.069" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.343/lat 36.069)">Mt. Juyu</a>, 36.069°N, 120.343°E, 100 m, 12.viii.2022, mine on leaves of  Pt. stenoptera, emerged 21.viii.2022 (indoors), leg. Ming Lu, field no. LU00340, genitalia slide no. LM0138, SDNU. Ent 041968 (DNA barcode); SDNU.</p><p>Paratype: 1♂, CHINA: Shandong, Linyi, Pingyi County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=117.875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.544" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 117.875/lat 35.544)">Mt. Meng</a>, 35.544°N, 117.875°E, 400 m, 5.vii 2022, mine on leaves of  Pterocarya stenoptera, emerged 21.viii.2022 (indoors), leg. Ming Lu, field no. LU00254, SDNU. Ent 046497 (LM0154 ♂)  .</p><p>Adult (Fig. 3). Forewing length: 2.5–2.6 mm (HT = 2.5 mm). Frons white, interspersed with pale yellow scales. Piliform scales tuft on vertex white mixed with brown. Labial palpus white, ventrally black.Antenna slightly shorter than forewing, scape white, flagellomeres yellowish-brown with black ring. Dorsal thorax and tegula yellowish brown, with one white longitudinal stripe on each side, and tegula white on inner side. Forewing ground color yellowish brown, markings beige, with black scales edged basally; longitudinal medio-basal streak approximately 1/4 length of forewing, fused into posterior 1/3 of angular transverse fascia; three costal strigulae on distal half, first at basal 1/2, oblique, triangular, second at distal 1/3, vertical, triangular, third near apex, slightly inwardly oblique, dot-shaped; two silvery dorsal strigulae, both 3/4 width of wing, parallel, almost touch costal first and second strigulae, respectively; black scales scattered at distal 1/4; cilia grayish white on dorsum, basal half black and distal half grayish white on termen. Hindwing and cilia uniformly gray. Legs beige; fore tibia black brown, fore tarsus evenly distributed with four wide blackish brown rings; mid tibia with two black brown twill stripes, mid tarsus with two wide black rings; hind tibia with yellowish-brown scales at middle, hind tarsus with three wide black rings. Abdomen dark grey dorsally, grayish white ventrally; genital segments with yellow tuft.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 7). Tegumen triangular; tuba analis slightly produced with micro-spines. Transtilla strongly sclerotized. Valva symmetrical, bar-shaped, slightly longer than tegumen, dorsal margin slightly convex outward, basal 1/2, distal 1/3 and 1/4 of dorsal margin with tuberculate processes, covered with setae; ventral margin with square process at base; a row of long setae distributed distally. Saccus strongly sclerotized, subtriangular, slightly rounded distally. Phallus 2/3 length of valva, basal 3/4 membranous, distal 1/4 sclerotized, near apex with a pair of tiny hook-like processes. Eighth sternite almost rectangular, distally rounded.</p><p>Female genitalia. Unknown.</p><p>Pupa (Fig. 10). Length about 2.7 mm, width about 0.6 mm. Black brown. Cocoon cutter triangular. Segments II to VIII densely covered with short spinous processes dorsally. Antenna from dorsal side of compound eyes to posterior margin of segment VII. Labial palpus and proboscis from posterior margin of labrum, proboscis extending anterior margin of posterior I. Fore, mid, and hind legs extending obliquely to middle ventrally; fore coxa reaching anterior margin of segment I, tarsus reaching anterior margin of segment II; mid tarsus reaching anterior margin of segment V; hind tarsus reaching anterior margin of segment VIII. Forewing extending obliquely to middle ventrally with costa along antenna, reaching anterior margin of segment VII. Segment X slender, straight distally. Cremaster with one pair of small spines, slender, straight, located on segment X distally.</p><p>Biology (Figs 17–18). The mine is located on the underside of the leaf. Similar to most  Phyllonorycter species, in the final stage, the mine surface begins to shrink, the leaf blade bends, and transparent spots appear on the upper epidermis of the mine. The mine is easily visible from the upper side of the leaf. Only mature mines were collected. The mature mines can be collected in July and August. Based on these observations, it is inferred that this species has at least two generations per year and likely overwinters as pupae or adults.</p><p>Host plants.  Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC. ( Juglandaceae).</p><p>Distribution. China (Shandong).</p><p>Etymology. The species name is derived from the Latin word  “ tumoris ”, referring to the tuberculate processes at the dorsal margin of the valva. A noun in the nominative singular standing in apposition to the generic name.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/276A512DFFE4FF9EFF76F90BEE0E0799	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lu, Ming;Yao, Zhicheng;Liu, Tengteng	Lu, Ming, Yao, Zhicheng, Liu, Tengteng (2025): Leaf-mining moths of the genus Phyllonorycter Hübner (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) associated with Juglandaceae in China, with descriptions of two new species and one newly recorded species. Zootaxa 5621 (4): 453-464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.4
276A512DFFE6FF91FF76F943EF0D0089.text	276A512DFFE6FF91FF76F943EF0D0089.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllonorycter pterocaryae (Kumata 1963)	<div><p>Phyllonorycter pterocaryae (Kumata, 1963)</p><p>(Figs 4, 8)</p><p>DZỄÎDzš [Chinese name]</p><p>Lithocolletis pterocaryae Kumata, 1963: 61; Ermolaev (1977): 113. TL: Japan. TD: EIHU.</p><p>Phyllonorycter pterocaryae (Kumata): Ermolaev (1981): 84; Kirichenko et al. (2019): 9.</p><p>Diagnosis. See the diagnosis of  P. tumoris Lu &amp; Liu,  sp. nov.</p><p>Material examined. 1♂,   CHINA: Shandong, Yantai,  Mt. Kunyu, 5.viii.2019, mine on leaves of  Pterocarya stenoptera, leg. Encui Wang &amp; Tengteng Liu, field no. WEC00093, SDNU. Ent 012157 (LM0071 ♂)  .</p><p>Adult (Fig. 4). Forewing length 2.5 mm. Frons bright white, mixed with light yellow scales. Piliform scales tuft on vertex white mixed with brown. Labial palpus white, black on dorsum. Antenna slightly shorter than forewing, scape white, flagellum yellowish brown, each flagellomere black ringed. Dorsal thorax and tegula yellowish brown, each side with one white longitudinal stripe, inner side of tegula white. Forewing ground color yellowish-brown, markings beige, edged with black scales basally, one medio-basal streak, one transverse fascia, two costal and two dorsal strigulae; medio-basal streak about 1/3 length of the forewing, apex fused with first dorsal strigula; dorsobasal streak fused at the posterior margin with first dorsal strigula, forming a square patch; first costal strigula at basal 1/3 of forewing, oblique, triangular; transverse fascia at basal 1/2 forewing, angular, twice broader at dorsum than at costa; second costal strigula at distal 1/3, vertical, angular; first dorsal strigula opposite to first costal strigula, rod-shaped, oblique, fused with medio-basal streak; second dorsal strigula at distal 1/3, triangular, parallel to first dorsal strigula, apex occasionally fusing with second costal strigula; cilia grayish white on dorsum, basal half black and distal half yellow on termen. Hindwing and cilia uniformly gray. Legs beige; foreleg tibia with dark-brown scales, tarsus with four wide dark-brown rings; mid tibia with two black twill stripes, tarsus with two wide dark-brown rings; hind tibia with yellowish-brown scales at distal 1/2, tarsus with three wide dark-brown rings. Abdomen dark gray dorsally, grayish white ventrally; genital segments with yellowish-brown tuft.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 8). Tegumen triangular, tuba analis beyond apex of tegumen, truncated apically and densely microsetose on lower surface. Transtilla strongly sclerotized. Valvae symmetrical, margins almost parallel, slightly arched upwardly, nearly equal in length to tegumen, base with one triangular process; apex with distal 1/3 of dorsal margin and distal 2/3 of ventral margin sparsely lined with long setae. Saccus triangular, apex rounded. Phallus nearly equal in length to valva, basal 3/4 membranous, center with one sclerotized rod, distal 1/4 strongly sclerotized, near apex with one pair of minute hook-like processes on each side. Eighth sternite almost rectangular.</p><p>Female genitalia. Kumata (1963) made a detailed description.</p><p>Biology. The mine is located on the underside of the leaf.</p><p>Host plants.  Pterocarya stenoptera C. DC. (new record),  Pt. rhoifolia Sieb. Et Zucc.,  Juglans ailantifolia Carrière,  J. mandshurica Maxim.,  J. regia L. (Kumata 1963, Ermolaev 1981).</p><p>Distribution. China (Shandong) (new country record), Japan, Russia (Kumata 1963, Ermolaev 1977).</p><p>Note:   Only one male specimen and one mine of this species are available.  Additionally, the structure of the male genitalia and the location of the mine differ slightly from the original description.  In the original description, there is only one hook-like process at the near apex of the phallus, and the mine is located on the upper surface of the leaves.  In the specimens from Shandong, China, there is a pair of hook-like processes at the same place of the phallus, and the mine is located on the underside of the leaf. Unfortunately, no barcode sequence is available for the single specimen. The identification could be more conclusively established in the future  .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/276A512DFFE6FF91FF76F943EF0D0089	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lu, Ming;Yao, Zhicheng;Liu, Tengteng	Lu, Ming, Yao, Zhicheng, Liu, Tengteng (2025): Leaf-mining moths of the genus Phyllonorycter Hübner (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae: Lithocolletinae) associated with Juglandaceae in China, with descriptions of two new species and one newly recorded species. Zootaxa 5621 (4): 453-464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5621.4.4
